Grammar BookChabela Dover

3rd period

Tabla de Materias

• Preterite- Slide 3

– Trigger WordsSlide 4

– -car,-gar-zar

Slide 5– Spock

Slide 6– Snake

Slide 7– Snakey

Slide 8– Cucaracha

Slide 9 • Imperfect

Slide 10– Trigger Words

Slide 11– Irregulars

Slide 12• Preterite vs Imperfect

Slide 13• Ser vs Estar

Slide 14• Verbs like Gustar

Slide 15• Comparatives and Superlatives

Slide 16– TriggerWords

Slide 17• Future

Slide 18– Trigger Words

Slide 19– Irregulars

Slide 20• Por

Slide 21• Para

Slide 22• Demonstrative Adjectives

Slide 23• Demonstrative Pronouns

Slide 24

Preterite Preterite

Completed action

occured in fixed time

actions performed a specific number of times

used for actions that are chained

used for sudden changes of moods, feelings, or opinions.

-Er/Ir verbs

-Ar verbs

yo-é tú-aste él, ella, ud.- ó

nosotros-amos uds- aron

yo-í tú-iste él, ella, ud.- ió

nosotros-imos uds- ieron

Preterite Trigger Words

Ayer-yesterday

Anoche- last night

Después- Afterwards

Anteayer- the day before yesterday

La semana pasada- last

week

El mes pasado- last

month

El año pasado- last year

El fin de semana

pasado- last weekend

-qué

-aste

-ó

-amos

-aron

Car

-gué

-aste

-ó

-amos

aron

cé aste ó amos aron

Gar

Zar

“Spock”

Ir/Ser•Fui•Fuiste•Fue •Fuimos•Fueron

Dar/Ver•D/Vi•D/Viste•D/Vio•D/Vimos•D/Vieron

Hacer•Hice•Hicisite•Hizo•Hicimos•Hicieron

“Snake”

Dormí Dormiste Durmío

Dormimos Durmieron

“Snakey”Leí Leíste

LEYO Leímos LEYERON

Creí Creíste CREYO

Creímos CREYERON

Cucaracha Verbs Andar

• Anduv-

Estar

• Estuv-

Poder

• Pud-

Poner

•Pus-

Querer

•Quis-

Saber

•Sup-

Tener

•Tuv-

Vener

•Vin-

Conducir•Conduj-

Producir•Produj-

Traducir•Traduj-

Decir •Dij-

Traer•Traj-

é imos

iste

ieronó

é imosiste eronó

Imperfect

Uncompleted action

no definite beginning or end

descriptive tense- Who, What, When, Where

-Ar verbs

yo- aba tú-abas

él, ella, ud.- aba

nosotros-ábamos

uds- aban

-Er/Ir verbs

yo- ía tú-ías

él, ella, ud.- ía

nosotros-íamos

uds- ían

Imperfect Trigger Words

Nunca- never

A veces- sometime

s

Todo el tiempo- all the time

Todos los dios-

everyday

Cada mes- every

month

Simpre- always

Muchas veces-

many times

A muendo- often

Frecuentemente-

frequently

Ir• Iba•Ibas•Iba• Ibamos• Iban

Ser

•Era •Eras•Era•Eramos•Eran

Ver

•Veía•Veías•Veía•Veíamos•Veíran

Irregulars

Preterite vs Imperfect

Ser vs Estar

Ser

Descriptions

Origin

Characteristics

Time

OccupationRelationships

Possessions

Events

Dates

Estar

Health

Emotion

LocationPresent Condition

ING- iendo/ando

Verbs like Gustar• When gustar is

followed by one or more verbs in the infinitve, take singular form.

• Gustar is often used in conditional (would, should, could) to soften a request

ía ías ía Íamos ían

Examples

Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Doler disgustar

Conditional

Comparatives

Más adjective que

Menos adjective que

el menos adjective de

El/la más adjective de

y

Superlatives

Mejor

Bueno

Peor

Malo

MayorViejo MenorJoven

Transition Words

•Even though

Aunque

•While

Mientras

•But

Pero

•Therefore

Por la tanto

•Nevertheless

Sin embargo/ no obstante

•Also

También

•In spite of

A pasar de

El Futuro• I/You/He, She,

They/We/You all- WILL

• Infinitive + ending (endings are the same for -ar, -er, -ir verbs

é emos

ás án

á

Trigger Words

La semana Proxima Mañana Pasado

mañanaPasado semana Año Pasado

año

Caber Cabr To fit into

Decir Dir To tell

Haber Habr To have

Hacer Har To do or make

Poder Podr To be able to

Poner Pondr To place

Querer Querr To want

Saber Sabr To know facts

Salir Saldr To arrive

Tener Tendr To have

Valer Valdr To be worth

Venir Vendr To come

IRREGULARS

Por

• Passing through- PORtal• General rather tan specific location- PORtugal• How long something lasts- PORever• The cause of something- PORpuse • An exchange- imPORt/exPORt• Doing something in place of or instead of

someone else- Im por, pay for me• A means of transportation- trasnPORtation

Para• For whom something is done- surprise PARAty • Destination- PARAguay• The purpose for which something is done-

PARAsite• To express an opinion- PARAdon me, but…• To contrast or compare– Para meastra, no sabe mucho de las matematicas.

• To express idea of deadline- PARAmedic

Demonstrative Adjectives • Typically placed

before the nouns that they modify.

• Must agree in number and gender

Masculine Singular

Este (this)

Ese (that)Aquel (that over there) Masculine

Plural

Estos (these)

Esos (those)Aquellos (those over there)

Feminine Singular

Esta (this)

Esa (that)Aquella (that over there)

Feminine Plural

Estas (these)

Esas (those)Aquellas (those over there)

Demonstrative Pronouns

Masculine Singular

éste (this)

ése (that)Aquél (that over there) Masculine

Plural

éstos (these)

ésos (those)Aquéllos (those over there)

Feminine Singular

ésta (this)

ésa (that)Aquélla (that over there)

Feminine Plural

éstas (these)

ésas (those)Aquéllas (those over there)

Same as demonstrative adjectives except demonstrative pronouns have an accent over the first –e.