grammar books
TRANSCRIPT
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Sofía Thompson1st
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Table of Contents
• Preterit• Trigger Words Preterit • Car, Gar, Zar• Spock Verbs• Snake and Snakey• Cucaracha• Imperfect• Tigger Words Imperfect• Irregulars• Preterit vs. Imperfect• Ser vs. Estar
• Verbs like Gustar• Comparatives/Superlatives• Transition Words• Future• Trigger Words Future• Irregulars• Por• Para
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é í
aste iste
ó ió
amos imos
asteis isteis
aron ieron
• For actions that can be viewed as single events
• For actions that were repeated a specific number
of times
• For actions that occurred during a specific period
of time
• For actions that were part of a chain of events
• To state the beginning or the end of an action
• Completed actions
• Express beginning/end of a completed action
• Narrate a series of past actions/events
AR ER/IR
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anoche
ayer
ante ayerun día Hace __ que__
el __ pasado
una vez
el mes pasado
el martes
a las ocho
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-CAR changes to qué-GAR changes to gué-ZAR changes to cé
NOTE: ONLY CHANGES IN THE YO FOURM!
jugué jugamos
jugaste jugasteis
jugó jugaron
jugar
busqué buscamos
buscaste buscasteis
buscó buscaron
almorcé almorzamos
almorzaste almorzasteis
almorzó almorzaron
buscar almorzar
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Ir/Ser
Dar/Ver
Hacer
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fueron
hice
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicieron
di vi
diste viste
dio vio
dimos vimos
dieron vieron
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Stem changers in usted and ustedescan change e ~ i or o ~u
Need to have “y” in the usted and ustedes
leí leimos
leiste
leyó leyeron
dormí dormimos
dormiste
durmio duermieron
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andarestarpoderponerquerersabertenervenirconducirproducirtraducirdecirtraer
anduv-estuv-pud-pus-quis-sup-tuv-vin-conduj-produj-traduj-dij-traj- } eron* in the
ellos/ellas/ustedes fourm
e
iste
o
imos
ieron
endings
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aba ía
abas ías
aba ía
ábamos íamos
abais íais
aban ían
AR ER/IR• For actions that were repeated habitually
• For actions that “set the stage” for another past action• For telling time• For stating one’s age• For mental states (usually)• For physical sensations (usually)• To describe the characteristics of people, things, or conditions
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a veces
a menudo
de vez en cuando
mientas
muchas veces
los lunes
cada días
todos los días
frecuentemente
siempre
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iba
ibas
iba
íbamos
ibais
ibanera
eras
era
éramos
erais
eran
veía
veías
veía
veíamos
veíais
veían
Ir
Ser
Ver
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• Has a definite ending• Has a beginning/ending• The most recent past• Perfected time• Interrupting action• Snapshot
• The distant past• No definite ending or beginning • Imperfected time• Continuous action• Movie
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HELPING
health
emotions
location
present condition
} -ando-endo-yendo
DOCTORPED
description
origin
characteristics
time
occupation
relationship
possession
events
dates
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• Singular form used when infinitive form of verb follows• Often used in the conditional (would, should, could) to soften request • Use with pronouns : Me
TeLeNosLes
aburrir
encantar
faltar
fascinar
importar
interesar
molestar
quedardoler
disgustar
preocupar
apetecer
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más (adjective) queel/la más (adjective) de
menos (adjective) queel/la menos (adjective) de
Irregulars:
bueno ~ mejorviejo ~ mayormalo ~ peorjoven ~ menor
With numbers:
más de or menos de with number
tan (adjective) como
******* must use adjective after tan!!
NOTE: Do not need adjective with these
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aunque even though
también also
mientras while
a pesar de in spite of
pero but
por lo tanto therefore
sin embargo/no obstante nevertheless
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infinitive + é infinitive + emos
infinitive + ás infinitive +éis
infinitive + á infinitive + án
• All verbs use the same endings• Must include the inifinitive of the verb with the appropriate ending
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mañana
proximo día
dos horas
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decir dir
hacer har
poner pondr
salir saldr
tener tendr
valer valdr
venir vendr
poder podr
querer querr
saber sabr
caber cabr
haber habr
hay habrá
NOTE: Use with the same endings as regular future tense verbs
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• Passing through (PORtal)• General rather than specific location (PORtugal)• How long something lasts (PORever)• the cause of something (PORpuse)•an exchange (imPORt/exPORt)• doing something in place of or instead of something else (I’m POR, pay POR me)• a means of transportation (transPORtation)
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• For whom something is done (surprise PARAty)• Destination (PARAguy)• The purpose for which something is done (PARAsites)• To express an opinion (PARAdon me)• To contrast or compare • To express idea of a deadline (PARAmedic)