spanish 2 grammar book

24

Upload: oliviav15

Post on 04-Jul-2015

233 views

Category:

Education


5 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Spanish 2 Grammar Book
Page 2: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Ser Dops and Iops Imperfect Tense

Estar Irregular Commands Mandatos Formales

Verbs like Gustar Snakes and Snakeys Mandatos Informales

Hacer Expressions Se Impersonal Modal Verbs

Preterito Past Participles as

Adjectives

Reflexive

Car, Gar, Zar El Futuro y

ir+a+infinitive

Saber vs. Conocer

Spock Verbs Demonstrative

Adjectives

Cucaracha Verbs Demonstrative

Pronouns

Page 3: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Ser

- to be

D - description

O - origin

C - characteristics

T - time

O - occupation

R - relationship

P – possession

E - event

D - date

Page 4: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

ESTAR

Estar

- to be

H - health

E - emotions

L - location

P – present

conditionI

N

G

Present

Participles

Ar: ando

Er/Ir: iendo or

yendo

Page 5: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Me – gusta, gustan (gustar)

Te – falta, faltan (faltar)

Le – duele, duelen (doler)

Nos – fascina, fascinan (fascinar)

Les – molesta, molestan (molestar)

Page 6: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Hace Time QueConjugated

Verb

Present Tense – since and for

Preterito Tense - ago

Page 7: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending.

Hablar Comer Escribir

hable Comi Escribi

hablaste Comiste Escribiste

hablo Comio Escribo

hablamos Comimos Escribimo

s

hablan Comieron escribiero

n

E

I

Aste

Iste

O y

O

Io

Amos

Imos

Aron

Ieron

Esto es el preterito

Page 8: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

-que -

camos

-caste -

casteis

-co -caron

-gue -gamos

-gaste -gasteis

-go -garon

-ce -zamos

-zaste -zasteis

-zo -zaron

Page 9: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

I

r

S

e

r

D

a

r

V

e

r

Ir/ser

Fui

Fuiste

Fue

Fuimos

Fueron

Hacer

Hice

Hiciste

Hizo

Hicimos

Hicieron

Dar

Di

Diste

Dio

Dimos

Dieron

Ver

Vi

Viste

Vio

Vimos

Vieron

Page 10: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Andar- aduv

Estar- estuv

Poder- pud

Poner- pus

Querer- quis

Saber- sup

Tener- tuv

Venir- vin

Conducir- conduj

Producir- produj

Traducir- traduj

Decir- dij

Traer- traj

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

Page 11: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

lo, la, los, & las

ir + infinitive phrases

• Attach to end of infinitive

• Place in front of conjugated verb

Estar + -ing verb phrases

• Attach to end of –ing verb and add accent to the 3rd

to last syllable vowel

Formal commands

• affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel

• negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command

Page 12: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Irregular

Commands

T - tener

V - venir

D – dar,

decirI - ir

S - ser

H - hacer

E - estar

S - saber

Tenga

Venga

De

Diga

Vaya

Sea

Haga

Este

Sepa

Page 13: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

Yo Nosotros

Dormi Dormimos

Tu Vosotros

Dormiste Dormisteis

Usted, ella, el Ustedes, ellas, ellos

Durmio Durmieron

Lei leimos crei creimos oi oimos

Leiste leisteis creiste creisteis oiste oisteis

Leyo leyeron creyo creyeron oyooyeron

Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change I to y in 3d person

Page 14: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

1. Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing

the action of the verb.

2. When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.

3. Se can be used in all tenses.

1. Se hizo mucho.

2. Se hará mucho.

Page 15: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVE

La puerta está cerrada.

The door is closed.

Las puertas están cerradas.

The doors are closed.

El restaurante está abierto.

The restaurant is open.

Los restaurantes están abiertos.

The restaurants are open.

Page 16: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

EL FUTURO Y IR+A+INFINITIVE

Infinitive + ending

Endings are same for -ar, -er, and -ir

-e -emos

-as -a

-an

Page 17: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

•éstos (these)

•ésos (those)

•aquéllos (those)

Plural masculine

•éste (this)

•ése (that)

•aquél (that)

Singular masculine

•ésta (this)

•ésa (that)

•aquélla (that)

Singular feminine

•esto (this)

•eso (that)

•aquello (that)

Singular neuter

•éstas (these)

•ésas (those)

•aquéllas (those

Plural feminine

Page 18: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

plural masculine

• estos (these)

• esos (those)

• aquellos (those

singular masculine

• este (this)

• ese (that)

• aquel (

singular feminine

• esta (these)

• esa (that)

• aquella (that)

plural feminine

• estas (those)

• esas (that)

• aquellas (those

Page 19: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

IMPERFECT TENSE

• Cantabo

• Cantabas

• Cantaba

• Cantabamos

• Cantaban

Ar

• Bebia

• Bebias

• Bebia

• Bebiamos

• Bebian

Ir

Page 20: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

MANDATOS FORMALES

• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop –o and add -eAr

• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop-o and add -aEr

• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop –o and add -aIr

Page 21: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

MANDATOS INFORMALES

Affirmative

• Conjugate to the tú form

• Drop the “s”

Negative

• Put in yo form

• Change to opposite vowel

• Add an “s”

Page 22: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

MODAL VERBS

ir + a + infinitive (going to

do something)

poder + infinitive

(are able to do

something)

querer + infinitive

(want to do something)

deber + infinitive

(should do something)

tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)

Page 23: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

REFLEXIVE

Me

Te

SeNos

SeReflexive

Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns can be:

o in front of the conjugated verb

o attached to the infinitive

o attached to the present participle

o attached to an affirmative

command

Page 24: Spanish 2 Grammar Book

SABER VS. CONOCER

Saber means to know a fact or know how to do something.

• No se la repuesta. (I don’t know the answer.)

Conocer means to know someone or to be familiar with someone or something.

• Conozco a tu padre. (I know your father.)