as minas_1 - história de valongo

8/7/2019 as minas_1 - histria de valongo

1/7

1

Escola Secundria de Valongo

Actividade integradora: Construo de um blog

Tema de vida: Patrimnio Natural e Cultural de Valongo

QG: O Mundo do Trabalho

rea de Formao: LC- Ingls

The impact of the English Company on the industry of slate extraction in

Valongo and on its economic and social growth.


2/7

2

Introduction............................................................................................................................... 3

The advent of modern science and technology ........................................................................... 3

The first Portuguese railway company ....3

England home of the Industrial Revolution .................................................................................. 4

Technological improvements and inventions in the Industrial Revolution. ................................. 4

The coming of factories and towns. .............................................................................................. 5

Working conditions in England in the Industrial Revolution ......................................................... 5

The arguments against factory legislation .................................................................................... 7

The Industrial Revolution in Portugal ............................................................................................ 7

Valongo in the 19th century: the arrival of the railway. ....................................... 8

The slate quarries and mines and the impact of the English Company in the slate industry and

the growth of Valongo .................................................................................................................. 8

And the english also brought their technology ........................................................................... 10

The Vallongo Slate and Marble Quarries Company products are awarded worldwide ............. 11

The mines seen as temples ......................................................................................................... 12

Fear and dread in the mines ....................................................................................................... 12

Untold stories .............................................................................................................................. 12

Accidents in the mines ............................................................................................................... 12

The miners dance ....................................................................................................................... 14The cantina................................................................................................................................ 15

The miners living and working conditions.................................................................................. 15

And it is said that.. ................................................................................................................... 16

And then the war broke out ........................................................................................................ 16

The mines at present ................................................................................................................... 17


3/7

3

Introduction

It's been almost 50 years since Man first went to space. From the spaceflight bySoviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in 1961, to the landing on the moon by the U.S. Apollo

program, to the construction of the International Space Station, all these were tremendous

science and technology achievements.

For all of us living in the golden age of space exploration, its hard to imagine tha t it

was only in 1825 ,on the 27th September, that the first train in the world ran in England.

The advent of modern science and technology

From the age of space exploration back to the first trains

The first Portuguese railway company

Twenty seven years later the first Portuguese

railway company (Companhia Central

peninsular dos Caminhos de Ferro de Portugal)

created in London on the 14th May 1952, by

Hardy Hislop, was launched in Portugal. The

first railway line- Lisboa (St Apolnia) -Carregado, - was inaugurated on the 28th October 1856, by the ruling King D. Pedro V.

The Douro Line was inaugurated on the 2nd December of 1887.

In December 1890.the first Compound locomotives arrived in Portugal produced by

Beyer Peacock in England


4/7

4

England home of the Industrial

Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period from the

18th to the 19th century of fast technological

development from previously manual labour and

draft-animalbased economy towards machine-

based manufacturing. It brought widespread

social and intellectual change.

The first Industrial Revolution started in

the United Kingdom in the later part of the 18th

century. Then it subsequently spread throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the

world during the 19th century from 1850 to 1900.The second Industrial Revolution took place around 1850 with the development of

steam-powered ships, railways, and by the late 19th century later in the with the internal

combustion engine and electrical power generation

Britain became the first industrial nation of the world and a leading power. It was

the workshop of the world.

Link to these:Industrial Revolution Timeline http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_tDjVuXcvA&feature=relatedThe industrial Revolution in England http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AT-ToV5heso&feature=relatedTurning points in History- Industrial Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc&feature=relatedThe Industrial Revolution in America http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPDy-jWT7d8&feature=related

Technological improvements and

inventions in the Industrial Revolution.

The invention of the steam-powered locomotive by

Trevithick (British inventor and mining engineer) in

1800 had a deep impact, not only on industry and

agriculture and the transport of goods, but on the

transport of people and their mobility and social lives.

This was made possible thanks to the invention of the steam engine, by James Watt

(a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer) which became the basis of all the power in

the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and in the world.

Link to this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEymUbVrbgw&NR= The steam engine

Some historians argue that coal was the main cause of the Industrial Revolution. The

steam engine was powered by coal. So were the steam trains. Nevertheless the increase inproduction of coal was only possible due to technological changes which made it possible to


5/7

5

overcome technological difficulties such as flooding(steam power was essential for the

pumping of water from the mines) and the lifting and transportation of coal.

Link to this: The Industrial Revolution- Coal and Iron http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9scwvePHDc&NR=1

The coming of factories and the

changes in the way people worked.

Before 1750, most industry in Britain was small-

scale.

The Industrial Revolution marked the

end of the domestic system of industry, and the

coming of factories and towns.

The shift from working at home to factories brought with it a new system of working.The steam engines never stopped, so this required significant changes in the way

people worked. Now workers didnt have to be strong or skilled. The steam-powered

machine did all the work, so children began to replace men as the key workers in industry.

Link to this: The birth of factorieshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPlFGGJkQK0&feature=related

Working conditions in England in

the Industrial RevolutionTheres no doubt that he Industrial

Revolution brought its blessings, but there

was also much misery. Machines have made

work easier and faster and scientific

knowledge that reveals power over nature. In

the two centuries following 1800, the world's

average per capita income increased over 10-fold, while the world's population increased

over 6-fold. But we live in the legacy of the Industrial Revolution, the legacy of the "cash

nexus," as the mid-19th century Scottish critic Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) put it, where the

only connection between men is the one of money, profit and gain.

In the new industrial towns factory owners sought to control and discipline their

workforce through a system of:

x long working hours (normal shifts were recorded as 12 to 14 hours a day) ,x a fierce systems of fines ( for things like talking or whistling, leaving the room

without permission, of having a little dirt on a machine. It was claimed that

employers altered the time on the clocks to make their workers late so that they

could fine them)

x Low wages (a typical wage for male workers was about 15 shillings a week, butwomen and children were paid 7 shillings and children 3 shillings. So employers


6/7

6

preferred to employ women and children. Many men were sacked when they

reached adulthood and had to be supported by their wives and children)

The working conditions were so bad that many

children who were forced to stand for long hours grew

up with conditions such as knock-knees and bow legs.

On the other hand the fact that children were

forced to crawl into dangerous, unguarded machinery

- often when they were so tired they were falling

asleep on their feet - led to many accidents.

There were many cases of pneumonia in cotton mills, because cotton thread had to

be spun in damp conditions at 70F.

The air was full of dust, which led to chest and lung diseases and loud noise made bymachines damaged workers' hearing.

Link to this: Child Labour http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdCJivaztMw&feature=related

Link to this: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1312764/Britains-child-slaves-New-book-says-misery-

helped-forge-Britain.html#ixzz1AjvEH1Mj (Britain's child slaves)

Reforms to change working conditions

Working today is usually quite safe. But at the start of

the Industrial Revolution no laws existed to protect the

workforce and so working in a factory could prove to be very

dangerous indeed.

As concerns were raised about the working conditions

in factories, especially for children, reformers began to

propose changes to improve the working environments.

Robert Owen and Titus Salt, both employers, were amongst a

group of people who were known as reformers. These people wanted changes to the way

that factories were run. They faced opposition from other mill owners who knew that

reforms would cost them money and give the workers more rights.

The reformers gradually managed to force changes to the way that workers were

treated.


7/7

7

Several acts were passed covering health, safety, and

working hours and at what age children could be

employed. These are some examples:

Factory Act 1819 Limited the hours worked by children to a maximum of 12 per day.

Factory Act 1833Children under 9 banned from working in the textiles industry and 10-

13 year olds limited to a 48 hour week.

Factory Act 1844 Maximum of 12 hours work per day for Women.

Factory Act 1847 Maximum of 10 hours work per day for Women and children.

Factory Act 1850Increased hours worked by Women and children to 10 and a half hours

a day, but not allowed to work before 6am or after 6pm.

Factory Act 1874 No worker allowed to work more than 56.5 hours per week.

Trade unions in the United Kingdom were legalised in 1871.

The Trade Union Movement sought to reform socio-economic conditions for working

men in British industries.

The arguments against factory legislation

There were also several arguments against factory legislation...

For example some argued that increased costs would ruin the industry, which was responsible for the

wealth of the country.

This was later found to be wrong better fed, less tired workers produced more, not less.

Others argued that the workers were like children and would only spend the extra time and

money they were given in drunkenness and crime.

This turned out to be wrong better conditions led to less crime.

The government of the time believed it was wrong to interfere in the free working of theeconomy. That was the laissez-faire politics.

Sources:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/bseh/industry/workingconditionsrev2.shtm(adapted and slightly abridged)

The Industrial Revolution in Portugal

By 1900 Portugal had about 5 million inhabitants.

It was a predominantly rural country. It had a weak industry, most of it was foreign.

as minas_1 - história de valongo

Documents