socioeconomia & ciência...

Universidade de São Paulo Prefeitura do Campus de Pirassununga

Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Produção Animal - Laboratório de Análises Socioeconômicas e Ciência Animal

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EDITORIAL Destacamos a publicação recente de três importantes documentos de interesse para nossa comunidade leitora do boletim “Socioeconomia & Ciência Animal”. São eles... O Guia de Boas Práticas Agropecuárias, voltado para a pecuária de leite, traduzido para o Português por pesquisadores da Embrapa Gado de Leite. O documento, elaborado em 2011 pela FAO, possuía apenas versões nos idiomas Inglês, Espanhol, Russo, Francês e Chinês. Trata-se de uma fonte que pode trazer grande contribuição para a pecuária leiteira brasileira. O segundo documento em destaque é o relatório “Business Benchmark on Farm Animal Welfare”, resultado de um trabalho de monitoramento da WSPA junto a 68 multinacionais do setor de alimentos. A principal conclusão é que elas ainda têm muito a fazer para oferecerem níveis adequados de bem-estar aos animais de produção. O terceiro documento é o Guia para Eutanásia de Animais (“AVMA Guidelines for The Euthanasia of Animals”), elaborado pela Associação de Medicina Veterinária dos EUA. Apresentamos os links para que esses documentos possam ser baixados pelos interessados. Em nosso monitoramento constante de artigos científicos publicados em revistas indexadas, identificamos resumos dos seguintes periódicos: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural, Journal of Dairy Science, Journal of Animal Science, Meat Science, Small Ruminant Research, Food Policy, Animal, Journal of Agricultural Economics, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management e Environment International. Também aproveitamos para sugerir a leitura de alguns artigos técnicos e matérias jornalísticas. Em uma delas, reproduz-se a principal conclusão

de um estudo conduzido pela ONG britânica Oxfam, que mostra que a renda obtida em 2012 pelas 100 pessoas mais ricas do mundo poderia acabar quatro vezes com a extrema pobreza no planeta. Os números impressionam e nos relembram o problema da distribuição de renda no mundo. Em uma análise elaborada pelo banco holandês Rabobank, concluiu-se que praticamente ¼ de toda a proteína animal consumida no mundo é de origem da pesca ou de cultivos aquáticos. Além de destacar a importância da atividade, o estudo apresenta perspectivas de desenvolvimento para os próximos anos. Divulgamos 16 novos livros publicados no Brasil e no exterior, sobre os mais variados temas de interesse. Nossa seção de oportunidades traz alguns editais de concursos públicos para docentes, inclusive em nossa FMVZ/USP. A partir deste ano, as notícias que normalmente divulgávamos no boletim, serão veiculadas em nossa página do Facebook. Com isso, conseguiremos maior agilidade na divulgação. Para aqueles que ainda não visitaram nossa página, o endereço é: http://www.facebook.com/LAE.FMVZ.USP Com o retorno às atividades escolares, voltamos a organizar nossa lista de eventos para 2013. Em especial, destacamos a realização neste mês do X SIMPROPIRA, o Simpósio de Produção Animal, realizado anualmente no Campus da USP em Pirassununga. O 2º. Simpósio FarmPoint, com foco na gestão da Ovinocultura, também recebe destaque e acontecerá em Pirassununga. Finalmente, aproveitamos para convidar para nosso encontro mensal “Diálogos no LAE”, que no mês de março contará com a presença da Zootecnista Sara Favinha, adestradora comportamental, que falará sobre a importância do empreendedorismo para médicos veterinários e zootecnistas. O encontro acontecerá no próximo dia 19, também em Pirassununga. Esperamos que apreciem a leitura e o conteúdo desta 61ª edição. Os editores



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ARTIGOS PUBLICADOS

THE ROLE OF EXTENSIONISTS IN SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL, IN THE ADOPTION AND REJECTION OF PROVIDING PAIN RELIEF TO

CALVES FOR DEHORNING The majority of dairy calves around the world are dehorned with methods that cause them pain and distress. In some dairy production systems, extensionists may influence dehorning practices used on farm through their advisory and knowledge-transfer role. The aims of this study were to investigate Brazilian extensionists’ knowledge, beliefs, and behavior regarding dehorning dairy calves. As little research has addressed this question, a qualitative, theory-building approach was used and the theory of planned behavior was used as a conceptual framework to guide data collection and analysis. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 15 extensionists working in Santa Catarina, Brazil, to examine their role in the adoption and rejection of pain-mitigation strategies at dehorning. The interview transcripts were free coded, identifying 9 major themes within and across interviews. Transcribed interview responses were then coded to constructs in the theory of planned behavior. The themes and constructs that emerged through analysis of the interview responses were combined to develop a conceptual model of extensionists’ beliefs, attitudes, and behavior toward recommending protocols for dehorning aimed at minimizing pain. The extensionists interviewed believed that it was necessary to dehorn all dairy replacement heifers. Despite being aware of methods to minimize pain during and after dehorning, all of the interviewees recommended or used the hot cautery method, with no pain control. This method was described as the most effective, cheapest, safest, and fastest method of dehorning. The majority (12) of interviewees rejected the caustic paste method, citing negative past experiences or unfamiliarity with the method and the belief that the method is less practical and riskier for farmers. More than half of the interviewees did not recognize dehorning as painful or expressed the belief that the pain associated with the procedure did not justify the use of pain control. Although a small number of extensionists (4) recognized potential sources of social pressure to change, including the rejection of pain-inflicting practices by some

farmers, the Brazilian general public, and animal-protection societies, they did not identify these factors as a reason to change their existing practices. Interviewees expressed the belief that the adoption of practices to minimize pain and stress, such as dehorning very young calves, using caustic paste and pain control, would increase labor and costs associated with dehorning. Extensionists’ negative attitudes toward recommending practices that minimize pain during and after dehorning appear to be embedded in the production-focused political and economic agriculture environment and a lack of education, research, and legislation regarding farm animal welfare. Hötzel, M.J.; Sneddon, J.N. The role of extensionists in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the adoption and rejection of providing pain relief to calves for dehorning. Journal of Dairy Science, v.96, I.3, p.1535-1548, 2013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030213000362

RESILIENCE OF A BEEF COW-CALF FARMING SYSTEM TO VARIATIONS IN DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS Beef cow-calf farming systems are assumed to be resilient to biological disturbances that induce variations in herd demography; however, this hypothesis has not been fully investigated to date. Modeling is an interesting approach to study farming system resilience and to evaluate the impact of biological disturbances, taking into account interactions between system components, including biological variability and management practices. Our objective was to evaluate the resilience of beef cow-calf farming systems to variations in fertility and mortality using a modeling approach. We studied the direct effect of variations in demographic parameters on production objectives without explicitly representing the causes of the variations. We developed a stochastic model to represent the population dynamics of a beef cow-calf herd with breeding by natural service and biological processes occurring at the animal level. The model was validated by comparing observed and simulated distributions of the calving-to-calving interval, which were found to be consistent. Resistance was evaluated by the proportion of simulations where the objective in terms of number of weaned calves is reached even when there is a disturbance that persists for 10 yr. Reversibility was evaluated by the time needed to



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return to the predisturbance production level. Beef cow-calf farming systems did not appear to be resistant to variations in mortality and infertility rates except when increases in the infertility rates were low (0.02 for cows and 0.03 for heifers). Critical situations, consequently, may emerge with regard to farm production if management practices are not adapted. Reversibility was observed for disturbances that persist for up to 5 yr. However, the system needed 2 to 3 yr to recover its predisturbance production level and up to 4 yr after an increase in cow infertility of 0.12. Viet, A.F.; Ezanno, P.; Petit, E.; Devun, J.; Vermesse, R.; Fourichon, C. Resilience of a beef cow-calf farming system to variations in demographic parameters. Journal of Animal Science, v.91, I.1, p.413-424, 2013. http://www.journalofanimalscience.org/content/91/1/413.abstract

MEAT NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE ROLE IN THE HUMAN DIET

Meat has exerted a crucial role in human evolution and is an important component of a healthy and well balanced diet due to its nutritional richness. The present review attempts to sum up meats role and importance in human nutrition as well as examine some pejorative beliefs about meat consumption. Meat is a valuable source of high biological value protein, iron, vitamin B12 as well as other B complex vitamins, zinc, selenium and phosphorus. Fat content and fatty acid profile, a constant matter of concern when referring to meat consumption, is highly dependent on species, feeding system as well as the cut used. Pork meat can have the highest fat content but poultry skin is not far behind. It is also crucial to distinguish meat cuts from other meat products especially regarding its association with disease risk. As in other dietary components, moderation is advisable but meat has been shown to be an important component of a balanced diet. Pereira, P.M.C.C.; Vicente, A.F.R.B. Meat nutritional composition and nutritive role in the human diet. Meat Science, v.93, I.3, p.586-592, 2013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309174012003385

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF A FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE OUTBREAK ON BRITTANY: A DYNAMIC COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS Outbreaks of animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) are of great concern for agriculture. In this paper, we quantify the potential dynamic impacts of such a disease on Brittany, a French region with an important livestock sector. In order to do this, we develop a dynamic computable general equilibrium model that allows us to measure the impacts on the livestock sectors and downstream food industries. We study the impacts of a FMD outbreak including the culling infected animals, a temporary decline in demand, and restrictions on movements of live animals and meats during the FMD outbreak period. Our results show that economic losses following this disease are spread over many periods even with a one-time shock. We also find that the impacts on the various primary sectors and downstream food sectors are quite different, depending on their initial trade position. Our general equilibrium results show the great incidence of potential constraints affecting factor markets. Capital and wage constraints severely increase the aggregate costs of such disease. These results challenge the definition of a simple efficient management policy for this disease. Gohin, A.; Rault, A. Assessing the economic costs of a foot and mouth disease outbreak on Brittany: A dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis. Food Policy, v.39, p.97-107, 2013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919213000122

GROWTH AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF KID PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT REARING SYSTEMS AND SLAUGHTER

AGES IN ARID AREAS OF ARGENTINA This paper evaluated the growth performance of Criollo kids under three different rearing systems and determine the economic profit of each rearing systems with slaughter at two different ages. Forty-eight kids were distributed randomly into three groups (n = 16). Two groups of kids were naturally reared with their mothers, suckling goat milk until weaning at 30 and 45 days of age (groups N30 and N45, respectively). In the



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remaining group, kids were artificially reared on milk replacer until 45 days of age (group A45). Between 30 and 90 days, all groups were ad libitum offered with a ration of alfalfa hay and ground corn. Kids from each group were slaughtered at 60 (n = 8) and 90 (n = 8) days old. The growth performance of kids was acceptable achieving average daily gain (ADG) values ranging between 115.9 and 129.5 g d−1, with no major differences between rearing systems at the end of the study. The natural rearing systems showed low values of gross return, which ranged from −0.60 to 5.67 US$ kid−1, while the artificial rearing system was not economically viable due to the high cost of milk replacer and high demand of labor. The price of milk replacer should not exceed 20% of meat value so that artificial rearing becomes economically feasible. The average gross return of the two natural rearing groups slaughtered at 90 days (3.96 ± 1.46 US$ kid−1) was three times higher than the animals slaughtered at 60 days (1.25 ± 0.93 US$ kid−1). On the basis of the economic results it would be advisable to raise the kids naturally with goat milk and increase the age of slaugther, as long as consumers accept these older animals without decreasing the selling price of meat. Paez Lama, S.; Egea, V.; Grilli, D.; Fucili, M.; Allegretti, L.; Guevara, J.C. Growth and economic performance of kid production under different rearing systems and slaughter ages in arid areas of Argentina. Small Ruminant Research, v.110, I.1, p.9-14. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448812003586

ECONOMIC VALUES OF BODY WEIGHT, REPRODUCTION AND PARASITE RESISTANCE TRAITS FOR A CREOLE GOAT BREEDING GOAL A specific breeding goal definition was developed for Creole goats in Guadeloupe. This local breed is used for meat production. To ensure a balanced selection outcome, the breeding objective included two production traits, live weight (BW11) and dressing percentage (DP) at 11 months (the mating or selling age), one reproduction trait, fertility (FER), and two traits to assess animal response to parasite infection: packed cell volume (PCV), a resilience trait, and faecal worm eggs count (FEC), a resistance trait. A deterministic bio-economic model was developed to calculate the economic values based on the description of the profit of a Guadeloupean goat farm. The farm

income came from the sale of animals for meat or as reproducers. The main costs were feeding and treatments against gastro-intestinal parasites. The economic values were 7.69€ per kg for BW11, 1.38€ per % for FER, 3.53€ per % for DP and 3 × 10−4€ per % for PCV. The economic value for FEC was derived by comparing the expected profit and average FEC in a normal situation and in an extreme situation where parasites had developed resistance to anthelmintics. This method yielded a maximum weighting for FEC, which was −18.85€ per log(eggs per gram). Alternative scenarios were tested to assess the robustness of the economic values to variations in the economic and environmental context. The economic values of PCV and DP were the most stable. Issues involved in paving the way for selective breeding on resistance or resilience to parasites are discussed. Gunia, M.; Mandonnet, N.; Arquet, R.; Alexandre, G.; Gourdine, J-L.; Naves, M.; Angeon, V.; Phocas, F. Economic values of body weight, reproduction and parasite resistance traits for a Creole goat breeding goal. Animal, v.7, p.22-33, 2013. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8771838&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S1751731112001413

PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES IN PIGLETS CHALLENGED WITH SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM

The effects of phytogenic feed additives on piglet performance and fecal score (FDD), as well as on lipid oxidation of pork meat were evaluated. One hundred and twenty crossbred weaned piglets were randomly assigned to six treatments according to a 2 × 3 factorial design with five replicates per treatment. Factors were: challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium at 35 days of age or no challenge, and three different additives (control (CTR), basal diet; phytogenic feed additives (PHY), basal diet plus 2000 ppm of phytogenic feed additives - Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha piperita, Lippia sidoides and Porophyllum ruderale; and antimicrobial agent (ATB), basal diet plus 100 ppm of tylosin, 2000 ppm of zinc and colistin sulfate, 30 ppm in the pre-starter basal diet, 10 ppm in the starter basal diet I and II, and 5 ppm in growth and finishing basal diet). Body weight (BW) of the piglets of ATB was greater throughout the experimental period, without any differences detected between CTR and PHY.



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Nevertheless, from 96 to 106 days of age, the BW of the CTR group was greater than PHY. From 21 to 34 days of age, feed conversion of ATB was lower than CTR; however, PHY showed an intermediate result, which did not differ from either ATB or CTR. Challenged animals reduced feed intake from day 35 to 48 compared with unchallenged animals. Piglet performance and fecal score from 21 to 48 days of age were lower in piglets that received ATB compared with the other treatments. However, from 35 to 48 days of age, the FDD of PHY was lower than CTR. Lipid oxidation was not reduced in treated animals. Antimicrobial agent improved the growth performance of piglets until 63 days of age, and no difference was observed between the treatments from 64 to 131 days of age. Antimicrobial agent reduced FDD; the FDD of PHY was similar to that of ATB after 48 days. None of the treatments affected lipid oxidation of pork meat. Bruno, D.G.; Martins, S.M.M.K.; Parazzi, L.J.; Afonso, E.R.; Del Santo, T.A.; Teixeira, S. De M.N.; Moreno, A.M.; Moretti, A. S. Phytogenic feed additives in piglets challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.42, n.2, p.137-143. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1516-35982013000200009&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en

MUDANÇA TECNOLÓGICA NA AGRICULTURA: UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DA LITERATURA E O PAPEL DAS ECONOMIAS DE

APRENDIZADO O presente estudo faz uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre a mudança tecnológica na agricultura e uma breve descrição da abordagem alternativa do crescimento agrícola. Na literatura tradicional, apresentam-se a difusão tecnológica, o dualismo produtivo e a inovação induzida. Na visão dinâmica, mostra-se a abordagem alternativa do crescimento agrícola, bem como a importância das inovações e da capacidade de absorção de conhecimentos. A grande limitação dos estudos tradicionais, ao abordarem o crescimento agrícola, é a ausência de explicações da busca tecnológica e do processo de aprendizado. A compreensão do setor agrícola deve identificar que nem todo o desenvolvimento tecnológico e geração de novos conhecimentos estão cristalizados nos insumos produtivos. A

agricultura não funciona por meio de agentes receptores passivos de tecnologias. O processo de inovação na agricultura é estruturado dentro de complexos arranjos produtivos e de instituições (públicas e privadas) promotoras do conhecimento. Os investimentos e as atividades de experimentação são exercidos dentro da unidade produtiva, gerando maior estoque de conhecimento e ampla capacidade de absorção, além de estimular a apropriação privada dos ganhos produtivos. Vieira Filho, J.E.R.; Silveira, J.M.F.J. Mudança tecnológica na agricultura: uma revisão crítica da literatura e o papel das economias de aprendizado. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural, v.50, n.4, p.721-742. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0103-20032012000400008&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt AGRICULTURAL LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY, FOOD PRICES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS AND INDICATORS In the last few years high and unstable food and agricultural commodity prices and concerns about population growth, increasing per capita food demands and environmental constraints have pushed agriculture and food production up national and international political, policy and research agendas. Drawing on both theory and empirical evidence, this paper argues that fundamental impacts of links between agricultural productivity sustainability and real food price changes are often overlooked in current policy analysis. This is exacerbated by a lack of relevant and accessible indicators for monitoring agricultural productivity sustainability and real food prices. Two relatively simple and widely applicable sets of indicators are proposed for use in policy development and monitoring. Historical series of these indices are estimated for selected countries, regions and the world. Their strengths, weaknesses and potential value are then discussed in the context of the need for better sustainable agricultural development and food security indicators in any post 2015 successors to the current MDGs. Dorward, A. Agricultural labour productivity, food prices and sustainable development impacts and indicators. Food Policy, v.39, p.40-50, 2013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919212001285



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RISING FOOD PRICES AND HOUSEHOLD WELFARE: EVIDENCE FROM BRAZIL IN 2008 Food price inflation in Brazil in the 12 months to June 2008 was 18%, whereas overall inflation was 7%. Using spatially disaggregated monthly data on consumer prices and two different household surveys, we estimate the welfare consequences of these food price increases, and their distribution across households. Because Brazil is a large food producer, with a predominantly wage-earning agricultural labour force, our estimates include general equilibrium effects on market and transfer incomes, as well as the standard estimates of changes in consumer surplus. Although the expenditure (or consumer surplus) effects were large, negative and markedly regressive everywhere, estimates of the market-income effect were positive and progressive, particularly in rural areas. Because of this effect on the rural poor, and of the partial protection afforded by increases in two large social assistance benefits, the overall impact of higher food prices in Brazil was U-shaped, with middle-income groups suffering larger proportional losses than the very poor. Nevertheless, as Brazil is 80% urban, higher food prices still led to a greater incidence and depth of poverty at the national level. Ferreira, F.G.H.; Fruttero, A.; Leite, P.G.; Lucchetti, L.R. Rising Food Prices and Household Welfare: Evidence from Brazil in 2008. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2013, v. 64, I. 1, pp. 151-176. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2012.00347.x/abstract THE TROUBLE WITH VOLUNTARY EMISSIONS TRADING: UNCERTAINTY AND ADVERSE SELECTION IN SECTORAL CREDITING PROGRAMS Sectoral crediting has been proposed as a way to scale up project-level carbon offset programs, and provide sector-wide incentives for developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, simulations presented here suggest that information asymmetries and large uncertainties in predicting counterfactual business-as-usual (BAU) emissions are likely to render sectoral crediting an extremely unattractive mechanism in practice, at least for the transportation sector. The regulator faces a tradeoff between efficiency and

transfers/environmental damage when setting the crediting baseline in relation to uncertain BAU emissions. A generous baseline promotes efficiency, as more developing countries participate and implement abatement measures. However, a generous baseline also produces large volumes of non-additional offsets, which lead to either increased global emissions, or transfers between developed and developing countries if developed country emission reduction targets are made more stringent in order to leave global emissions unchanged. I show that any crediting baseline that encourages a non-negligible number of countries to participate in a sectoral crediting mechanism results in environmental damage or transfers that are likely to be too high to be politically feasible. Millard-Ball, A. The trouble with voluntary emissions trading: Uncertainty and adverse selection in sectoral crediting programs. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v.65, I.1, p.40-55, 2013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069612000629

ECONOMIC VALUE OF U.S. FOSSIL FUEL ELECTRICITY HEALTH IMPACTS Fossil fuel energy has several externalities not accounted for in the retail price, including associated adverse human health impacts, future costs from climate change, and other environmental damages. Here, we quantify the economic value of health impacts associated with PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors (NOx and SO2) on a per kilowatt hour basis. We provide figures based on state electricity profiles, national averages and fossil fuel type. We find that the economic value of improved human health associated with avoiding emissions from fossil fuel electricity in the United States ranges from a low of $0.005–$0.013/kWh in California to a high of $0.41–$1.01/kWh in Maryland. When accounting for the adverse health impacts of imported electricity, the California figure increases to $0.03–$0.07/kWh. Nationally, the average economic value of health impacts associated with fossil fuel usage is $0.14–$0.35/kWh. For coal, oil, and natural gas, respectively, associated economic values of health impacts are $0.19–$0.45/kWh, $0.08–$0.19/kWh, and $0.01–$0.02/kWh. For coal and oil, these costs are larger than the typical retail price of electricity, demonstrating the magnitude of the externality. When the economic value of



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health impacts resulting from air emissions is considered, our analysis suggests that on average, U.S. consumers of electricity should be willing to pay $0.24–$0.45/kWh for alternatives such as energy efficiency investments or emission-free renewable sources that avoid fossil fuel combustion. The economic value of health impacts is approximately an order of magnitude larger than estimates of the social cost of carbon for fossil fuel electricity. In total, we estimate that the economic value of health impacts from fossil fuel electricity in the United States is $361.7–886.5 billion annually, representing 2.5–6.0% of the national GDP. Machol, B.; Rizk, S. Economic value of U.S. fossil fuel electricity health impacts. Environment International, v.52, p.75-80, 2013. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012000542

PUBLICAÇÕES PARA DOWNLOAD Guia de Boas Práticas Agropecuárias ganha versão em português Pesquisadores e técnicos da Embrapa Gado de Leite traduziram para o português o Guia de Boas Práticas Agropecuárias, voltado para a pecuária de leite. O documento, elaborado em 2011 pela FAO (órgão das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura) e pela Federação Internacional do Leite (IDF, na sigla em Inglês), possuía apenas versões nos idiomas espanhol, russo, francês e chinês. A versão em português, com o título Guia de Boas Práticas na Pecuária de Leite, já está disponível no site da Embrapa Gado de Leite, clique aqui para ler. O guia é a principal literatura internacional sobre os programas de boas práticas na agropecuária. Elaborado de forma didática, acessível a diversos públicos, o material aborda os cinco pilares das Boas Práticas Agropecuárias (BPA): saúde animal, higiene na ordenha, nutrição, bem-estar animal, meio ambiente e gestão socioeconômica. As BPA disponibilizam técnicas para solucionar ou diminuir os problemas ambientais, econômicos e sociais resultantes da produção agrícola. O que

se espera é a produção de alimentos seguros e nutritivos para a sociedade. A matéria é da Embrapa Gado de Leite, adaptada pela Equipe MilkPoint. Clique no link abaixo para acessar o guia: http://www.cnpgl.embrapa.br/nova/BPA_FAO_portugues.zip New report shines spotlight on farm animal welfare standards Mike Baker, WSPA CEO, helped to launch the ground-breaking Business Benchmark on Farm Animal Welfare (BBFAW) report at an investor event in London this week. The report looks at 68 global food companies and reveals that many companies in the industry could be doing more to manage the business risks or opportunities associated with farm animal welfare. It is the first structured benchmark of the world's leading food companies - looking objectively at the state of farm animal welfare policy within the food industry. This is why the Business Benchmark on Farm Animal Welfare report is hugely welcomed by World Society for the Protection of Animals. The report raises issues relating to the escalating cost of producing meat at industrial scale which can have a bearing on the welfare of animals as much as on the quality of meat, with producers under increasing pressure to apply cost savings where possible. It will also serve as a tool for investors and other interested stakeholders in helping them understand which food companies have transparent policies to manage animal welfare. This should in turn encourage more businesses to adopt good practices, as they have a direct impact on farm animal welfare both in their own operations and through their supply chains; helping to drive change through the suppliers they do business with. You can read the 2012 report and find out more at: http://www.bbfaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/BBFAW_Report_Low_Res.pdf

AVMA updates euthanasia guidelines This week the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) published the 2013 edition of the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of



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Animals. Led by a 13-member panel, more than 60 experts—including veterinarians, animal scientists, behaviorists, physiologists, psychologists and an ethicist—deliberated more than three years to create the 2013 Guidelines. Access the guidelines: https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf

SUGESTÕES DE LEITURA Entre todas fontes de proteína consumidas mundialmente, 24% são de peixes/frutos do mar “Brazilian Aquaculture – A Seafood Industry Giant in the Making”, Rabobank International (jan/2013),

traduzido e adaptado pela Equipe BeefPoint. A indústria global de frutos do mar está passando por um período de crescimento baseado em uma maior demanda e em uma limitada oferta para captura selvagem. Estima-se que em 2010, a pesca global de peixes e a aquicultura forneceram ao mundo 168 milhões de toneladas de frutos do mar, dos quais 143 milhões de toneladas foram destinadas ao consumo humano. Esse volume representou 24% de todas as proteínas de origem animal globalmente consumidas, aumentando de uma participação de 15% em 1992. Clique no link abaixo para acessar a matéria: www.beefpoint.com.br Cientistas brasileiros conectam sinais do cérebro de animais pela 1ª vez

Pela Agência G1 Pesquisadores conseguiram, pela primeira vez, conectar diretamente o cérebro de dois animais de forma que eles puderam se comunicar apenas pelos circuitos neurais. A pesquisa foi liderada pelo neurocientista brasileiro Miguel Nicolelis, que trabalha na Universidade Duke, nos EUA, e no Instituto Internacional de Neurociências de Natal Edmond e Lily Safra (IINN-ELS), no Rio Grande do Norte.

Dois ratos – um deles situado no laboratório americano e o outro no laboratório brasileiro – foram conectados diretamente pelos sinais elétricos produzidos no cérebro. Um rato, situado em Natal, recebia estímulos simples – táteis ou visuais – para exercer uma tarefa. O segundo rato, localizado em Durham, no estado americano da Carolina do Norte, recebia apenas os pulsos elétricos do primeiro e conseguia executar a tarefa, mesmo sem receber os estímulos externos diretamente. Na experiência, o primeiro rato é chamado de “codificador” e o segundo de “decodificador”. O cérebro do decodificador passou a sentir o que as vibrissas – os “bigodes”, que é por onde os ratos tateiam – do codificador sentiam, sem perder a sensibilidade ao próprio corpo. “É como se você tivesse adquirido duas novas mãos, que você não comanda, mas sente”, comparou Nicolelis. “Seria exagero falar em telepatia, porque ela fala em transmissão espontânea”, ponderou o neurocientista. “Mas estamos introduzindo um novo meio de comunicação entre animais”, completou. Acesse a notícia completa pelo link abaixo: http://g1.globo.com/ciencia-e-saude/noticia/2013/02/cientistas-brasileiros-conectam-sinais-do-cerebro-de-dois-animais-pela-1-vez.html A renda dos 100 mais ricos poderia acabar com a pobreza no mundo

José Antonio Lima, Website da revista Carta Capital.

A renda líquida obtida em 2012 pelas 100 pessoas mais ricas do mundo, 240 bilhões de dólares, poderia acabar quatro vezes com a extrema pobreza no planeta. A conclusão está num relatório publicado (em inglês) no fim de semana pela ONG britânica Oxfam. A entidade não entra em detalhes a respeito das contas que fez para chegar ao dado, mas os números servem como alerta para a intensa e crescente desigualdade social no mundo. O documento serve para chamar a atenção para os debates do Fórum Econômico Mundial, que começa nesta terça-feira 22 em Davos, na Suíça. A desigualdade ganhou um painel próprio no encontro, marcado para sexta-feira 25, mas tanto



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suas conclusões quanto os avisos da Oxfam devem cair em ouvidos moucos. O mundo hoje está construído para ampliar a desigualdade e não há sinais de mudança. Clique no link abaixo para matéria completa: http://www.cartacapital.com.br/economia/a-renda-dos-100-mais-ricos-poderia-acabar-com-a-pobreza-no-mundo/ O relatório a que se refere a matéria está disponível em: http://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/cost-of-inequality-oxfam-mb180113.pdf

LIVROS Biomassa Microbiana do Solo Ademir Sérgio Ferreira de Araújo e Wanderley José de Melo Capes e UFPI Genética na Agropecuária (5.ed.) Magno Antônio Patto Ramalho e outros UFLA Manual do Produtor de Leite João Gonçalves Neto Aprenda Fácil Cavalos: Como Corrigir Aprumos, Ferrar e Cuidar dos Cascos Adalton P. de Toledo Aprenda Fácil Manutenção de Tamanduás em Cativeiro Flávia Miranda Cubo Tópicos em Sustentabilidade Ambiental João Antonio Galbiatti, Fábio Alexandre Cavichioli e Rafael Scabello Bertonha FUNEP Gestão e Controle da Qualidade na Atividade Florestal Celso Trindade e outros UFV

The Regulation of Animal Health and Welfare: Science, Law and Policy John McEldowney, Wyn Grant, Graham Medley Routledge Livestock Waste Recycling: Treatment and Management Sven Sommer, Lars Bog Jensen, Thomas Schmidt, Morten Christensen Wiley The Animal Book: A Collection of the Fastest, Fiercest, Toughest, Cleverest, Shyest, and Most Surprising Animals on Earth Steve Jenkins Houghton Mifflin Books for Children Beasts: What Animals Can Teach Us About the Origins of Good and Evil Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson Bloomsbury USA Avian Immunology (2.ed.) Karel A. Schat, Bernd Kaspers, Pete Kaiser Academic Press Women, Livestock Ownership and Markets: Bridging the Gender Gap in Eastern and Southern Africa Jemimah Njuki, Pascal Sanginga Routledge The Free Animal: Rousseau on Free Will and Human Nature Lee MacLean University of Toronto Press The Science of Equestrian Sports: Theory, Practice and Performance of the Equestrian Rider Inga Wolframm Routledge Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution (Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects) Jessica Brinkworth, Ekaterina Pechenkina Springer



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OPORTUNIDADES Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia: abre concurso público de títulos e provas para provimento de um cargo de Professor Titular, junto ao Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, na área de “Epidemiologia Veterinária” (Edital FMVZ nº 063/2012). Inscrições: 180 (cento e oitenta) dias, a contar da primeira publicação no Diário Oficial de 09.11.2012. Informações: www.imesp.com.br. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia: abre concurso público de títulos e provas para provimento de um cargo de Professor Titular, junto ao Departamento Reprodução Animal, na área de “Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal” (Edital FMVZ nº 064/2012). Inscrições: 180 (cento e oitenta) dias, a contar da primeira publicação no Diário Oficial de 09.11.2012. Informações: www.imesp.com.br. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade: abre concurso público para seleção de 03 (três) professores doutores junto ao Departamento de Economia, área de conhecimento “Teoria Econômica” (Edital 001/2013) e 01 (um) professor doutor na área de conhecimento “História do Pensamento Econômico e Metodologia da Economia” (Edital 002/2013). Inscrições: até 11/03/2013. Informações: [email protected] ou www.imesp.com.br. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade: abre concurso público para seleção de 03 (três) professores titulares junto ao Departamento de Economia (Edital 008/2013). Inscrições: até 11/07/2013. Informações: [email protected] ou www.imesp.com.br. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul: abre concurso público para os cargos técnico-administrativos em educação, nível de classificação E (Economista e Médico Veterinário) e nível de classificação E (Técnico Agropecuário) (Edital nº 02/2013). Inscrições: até 11/03/2013. Informações: http://www.faurgsconcursos.ufrgs.br.

Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus de Araraquara, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras: abre concurso público para contratação de professor assistente em regime CLT no departamento de Economia, para a área de Economia Brasileira I e II (Edital nº 170/12-FCL/CAr). Pré-requisitos: título de Doutor. Inscrições: até 15/03/2013. Informações: http://www.unesp.br/ ou Seção de Recursos Humanos - (16) 3334-6453 - [email protected]

Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp), Campus de Jaboticabal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias: abre concurso público para contratação de professor assistente em regime CLT no departamento de Engenharia Rural, para as áreas de “Irrigação", "Drenagem Agrícola", "Manejo de Bacias Hidrográficas" e "Hidrobiologia" (Edital nº 13/2013-FCAV). Pré-requisitos: Graduados no Ensino Superior, que tenham no mínimo o título de Doutor. Inscrições: até 20/03/2013. Informações: http://www.fcav.unesp.br ou pelo telefone (16) 3209-2658.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP): concurso público para contratação de professor titular no Instituto de Economia, nas áreas de Economia Social e do Trabalho e Macroeconomia. Inscrições: até 04/03/2013 (Economia Social e do Trabalho) e 12/03/2013 (Macroeconomia). Informações: [email protected] ou (19) 3521-5702.

EVENTOS EM DESTAQUE I X Simpósio de Produção Animal (SIMPROPIRA)

www.simpropira.com.br



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EVENTOS EM DESTAQUE II Diálogos no LAE, dia 19 de março

EVENTOS EM DESTAQUE III 2º. Simpósio FarmPoint

http://www.farmpoint.com.br/simposio/

EVENTOS III Simpósio Internacional sobre Gerenciamento de Resíduos Agropecuários e Agroindustriais São Pedro SP – 12 a 14 de março de 2013 http://www.sbera.org.br/sigera2013/ XI Congresso da Associação Paulista de Avicultura Ribeirão Preto SP – 19 a 21 de março de 2013 http://www.congressodeovos.com.br/default.asp I Simpósio de Nutrição Equina: A importância de fornecer uma dieta adequada Jaboticabal SP – 05 e 06 de abril de 2013 http://www.funep.org.br/mostrar_evento.php?idevento=318 II Simpósio Internacional Ruralidades, Trabalho e Meio Ambiente São Carlos SP – 04 a 06 de junho de 2013 http://www.facebook.com/pages/RURAS-Ruralidades-Ambiente-e-Sociedade/123941307774326 II PROAQUAS - Simpósio em Produção de Organismos Aquáticos e Desenvolvimento Sustentável Niterói RJ - 20 de junho de 2013 http://www.uff.br/mzo/proaquas/ Em breve...

...aguarde!



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EQUIPE Augusto Hauber Gameiro [email protected] Professor da FMVZ/USP Camila Raineri [email protected] Colaboradora Thayla Stivari [email protected] Doutoranda na FMVZ/USP Rubens Nunes [email protected] Professor da FZEA/USP Nota: as imagens foram elaboradas gentilmente pelo designer Francisco Eduardo Alberto de Siqueira Garcia. CONTATO USP / FMVZ / VNP / LAE Laboratório de Análises Socioeconômicas e Ciência Animal Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225 - Campus USP CEP 13.635-900, Pirassununga - SP Telefone: (19) 3565 4300 Fax: (19) 3565 4295

http://lae.fmvz.usp.br

SOBRE O BOLETIM ELETRÔNICO “SOCIOECONOMIA & CIÊNCIA ANIMAL”

Trata-se de um projeto de extensão vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Produção Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/USP). O projeto conta com a participação da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA/USP). O boletim eletrônico tem o objetivo de divulgar os resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas e publicadas nacionalmente e internacionalmente, e que tenham como campo de investigação, as Ciências Humanas aplicadas diretamente ou conjuntamente à Ciência Animal.

Portanto, este projeto de extensão procura contribuir para o desenvolvimento científico baseado na multidisciplinaridade. O boletim é de livre acesso a todos que tenham interesse, bastando enviar uma mensagem solicitando a inclusão do e-mail destinatário para o seu recebimento. Críticas, ideias e sugestões sempre serão bem vindas.

Para solicitar cadastramento na lista de destinatários ou cancelamento do recebimento, favor escrever para: [email protected] Clique no link abaixo para ter acesso às edições anteriores: http://www3.fmvz.usp.br/index.php/site/biblioteca/publicacoes_eletronicas/s/socioeconomia_ciencia_animal Visite a página do LAE no Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/LAE.FMVZ.USP