reformador janeiro / 2008 (revista espírita)

7/30/2019 Reformador Janeiro / 2008 (revista esprita)

1/44

S%2(77

4 6 6 ; 5 ; : ; 6 5 7 7 =

DZZN ;5;: , ;654

@ B E B S K O B Z W S D U K C S K Z D H B D S K

K n o ;3 0 N 3 . ; 5 0 Ak n b d s o 3 7 7 =E B R Z ( J S D Z U O B J K S D E K E B


2/44


3/44

@rnekek bl 3; eb aknbdso eb ;==:

@rnekeos1Krfrzuo Bhdkz ek Zdhpk

Sbpdzuk eb Bzwdsdudzlo JsdzuoKno ;30 / Aknbdso( 377= / N o 3.;50

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Wsoabuo fs`djo ek sbpdzuk1 ARHDO LOSBDSKJkwk1 KFKETSUOSSBZ WBSBDSK

Beduosdkh

Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk ;27 knoz

Bnusbpdzuk1 Sofbs Wbsbq

O wkwbh ek Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk nk ed`rzo ek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk

Wsbzbnk eb Jmdjo ]kpdbs

Bl nolb eo Bpknfbhmo Bllknrbh

Bz`hoskneo o Bpknfbhmo

Bzwbsknk Bllknrbh

K @BC b o Bzwbsknuo

Qklbnmo` Uskoz hrldnozoz eb rl nocsb jksubs

K`ònzo Zoksbz

Jonzbhmo @bebskudpo Nkjdonkh

Sbrndo Osednsdk eo Jonzbhmo @bebskudpo Nkjdonkh

Zbksk Bzwsduk

Jkskjubszudjoz bzzbnjdkdz ekz Sbpbhkbz

Arpknds Cosfbz eb Zorqk

Zbl kedklbnuoz Cbqbssk eb LbnbqbzWsbzbspko eoz wsdnjwdoz eorusdnsdoz

Rlcbsuo @bssbdsk

Jonzbhmo @bebskudpo Nkjdonkh ek @BC Jkhbnesdo

ekz Sbrndbz ekz Joldzzbz Sbfdonkdz eb 377=

Oz sdzjoz eo wbs`bjjdondzlo Jkshoz Kcsknjmbz

Jkskjubsbz ek wbs`bdo Khhkn Iksebj

Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk Hkcoskusdo eb Khhkn Iksebj

;27 knoz+ -Jkwk$ Bpkneso Nohbuo Cbqbssk

Zbldnsdo Wbhoz Jkldnmoz ek Bpknfbhdqkonk @BC,Sdo

Hdbz wsudjkz eb mrldhekeb wksk uoekz kz dekebz

Jhksk Hdhk Fonqkhbq eb Kskao

K bnbsfdk edpdnk Sdjmkse Zdlonbuud

Sbuosno Wusdk Bzwdsdurkh Monsdo Ono`sb eb Kcsbr

Bl edk jol o Bzwdsdudzlo Jonzjdnjdk( jonzjdbnub(

kruojonzjdnjdk b kruojonmbjdlbnuo

Lksuk Knurnbz Lorsk

Jsdzudkndzlo Sbedpdpo Mdzusdk ek Bsk Kwozuhdjk

Nopkz wbsfrnukz Mksoheo Erusk Edkz

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bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;5130 Wkfb :


4/44

Beduosdkh

5 Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377=3

l lkdo eb ;=22( o Wso . Mdwwohtub Hon Ebndqkse Sdpkdh `bq zbr wsdlbdso

jonukuo jol o `bnlbno lbedndjo ekz lbzkz fdsknubz( nk jkzk ek Zsk.Whkdnblkdzon.

Oczbspkneo {rb o `bnlbno bsk wsopojkeo wos Bzwsduoz eb wbzzokz ebzbnjks,nkekz( jonzukuor a bnuo nk sbzdenjdk ek klhdk Ckredn ( {rb bzzbz zbsbz noudnmkl noo kczohruk ekz jodzkz b bldudkl kwbnkz owdndbz hdldukekz koz zbrzjonmbjdlbnuoz. Jolwsbbnebneo {rb no `bnlbno oczbspkeo woebsdk bnjonuskssbzwozukz z zrkz epdekz b zohrbz wksk lrduoz eoz wsochblkz ek Mrlkndekeb( oWso`. Sdpkdh ebr krzubsdekeb ko jonukuo jol oz Bzwsduoz. Jol dzuo( zolbnubBzwsduoz zsdoz wkzzkskl k wksudjdwks ekz sbrndbz( k`kzukneo oz hbpdknoz.

Noz lbzbz eb kcsdh b arnmo eb ;=20( o Wso`. Sdpkdh uolor jonmbjdlbnuo eoz

fskpbz jolwsoldzzoz wos bhb kzzrldeoz no zbnudeo eb ebzjosudnks wksk k Mr,lkndekeb oz bnzdnoz b kz hdbz usknzldudeoz wbhoz Bzwsduoz zrwbsdosbz. Jonpdjuoek uksb`k kzzrldek( kwso`rneor zbrz bzureoz b( rudhdqkneo o luoeo eo Jonusohbrndpbszkh eoz bnzdnoz eoz Bzwsduoz(! zbwksor o {rb bsk owdndo wbzzokh eoz Bzw,sduoz jolrndjknubz( eoz wsdnjwdoz czdjoz ek Eorusdnk. Bl ;= eb kcsdh eb ;=26(jol o wzbrendlo eb Khhkn Iksebj( hknor O Hdpso eoz Bzwsduoz( {rb jonul ozbnzdnoz eoz Bzwsduoz zrwbsdosbz.

Lksjkek k wsbzbnk eo Bzwdsdudzlo no lrneo( bl aknbdso eb ;=2= Iksebj dnd,jdor k wrchdjko ek Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk wbsdedjo lbnzkh rudhdqkeo nk ed`rzo ekEorusdnk b jolo hkcoskusdo wksk zrkz wbz{rdzkz b oczbspkbz. Jonukukneo jol

wbzzokz eb oruskz jdekebz b wkzbz( jolrndjkpk( nkz wfdnkz ek Sbpdzuk( o sbzrhukeoeo uskckhmo wos bhb sbkhdqkeo( b dnòslkpk zocsb oz kjonubjdlbnuoz ojossdeoz nojklwo ekz jolrndjkbz lbedndjkz( bl oruskz wksubz eo lrneo( ku lkso eb;=04( {rkneo ebzbnjksnor.

Ko jolblosks oz ;27 knoz eb zrk b}dzunjdk( jkskjubsdqkek wos rl jonzuknubuskckhmo eb zrwbsko eb dnlbsoz oczujrhoz( k Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk jonudnrked`rnedneo o Bzwdsdudzlo bl zbrz wsdnjwdoz czdjoz( hbpkneo k lbnzkfbl bzjhksb,jbeosk b jonzohkeosk ek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk( bl edpbszkz hnfrkz( jol k klwhdureb bk edsbusdq bzukcbhbjdek wos Khhkn Iksebj( k uoeoz oz wopoz eo lrneo.

B

Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk ;27 knoz

!IKSEBJ( Khhkn. O Bpknfbhmo zbfrneo o Bzwdsdudzlo. Dnusoero( jkw. DD( Be. @BC.

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;5130 Wkfb 5


5/44

rkneo o molbl wsdldud,po zrsfdr nk Ubssk( bzublrneo a b}dzudk m ld,

hmbz eb knoz( jolo rl eoz whk,nbukz eo zdzublk zohks.

Oz jonmbjdlbnuoz jdbnu`djozno ul lbdoz zbfrsoz wksk eb,ubsldnks( jol wsbjdzo( k wojk

b}kuk bl {rb k pdek mrlknk wkz,zor k `kqbs wksub ebzub lrneo.Mdwubzbz òskl òslrhkekz(

osk wbho jsdkjdondzlo hdfkeo kjsbnkz sbhdfdozkz( osk wbho bpohr,jdondzlo bzwonunbo ebjossbnubekz hbdz ek Nkursbqk( eorusdnk `d,hoz`djk {rb zrzubnuk k lrukcdhd,ekeb ekz bzwjdbz( jolo k`dslklo eksvdndzlo b o hklksjidzlo.

O {rb zb zkcb(jol zbfrsknk(

{rb oz pbfbukdz b oz kndlkdz(dnjhrzdpb eb bzwjdbz

a ebzkwksbjdekz( wsbjbebskl omolbl nk Ubssk.

Kzzdl( kz osdfbnz eo lrneo(zrk nkursbqk( `dnkhdekeb b usknz,òslkbz oskl ocabuo ekz usked,bz b ekz jsbnkz ekz wowrhkbzb wopoz( knubz b ebwodz eoz wbso,eoz mdzusdjoz b knubsdosbz z jofd,

ukbz jdbnu`djkz.Kz uskedbz lkdz knudfkz pleoz wopoz osdbnukdz(bzwbjdkhlbnubek nedk b ek Jmdnk( lkz uklclek Lbzowouldk b ek Wszdk( eoBfduo( ek Fsjdk b eo wopo arebr.

Noz bzjsduoz zkfskeoz ebzzbz wo,poz m sbpbhkbz zdlchdjkz zocsbk osdfbl eo lrneo b eo molbl({rb kdnek wbslknbjbl noz edkzkurkdz jolo jsbnkz ksskdfkekz.

Eb uoekz bzzkz knudfkz dedkz( zo,csb o wsochblk ekz osdfbnz(wbs,lknbjbskl jonjbwbz owozukz1

k wsdlbdsk( eb nkursbqk sbhdfdozk({rbno keldub jonubzukbz(jonzdebsk,,zb pbsekebdsk b eb`dndudpk9 k zbfrn,ek( {rb ubl jksubs jdbnu`djo( ck,zbdk,zb bl mdwubzbz kdnek no jol,wsopkekz wos wbz{rdzkz {rb ubnmkljmbfkeo k jonjhrzbz eb`dndudpkz.

O {rb ojossb k sbzwbduo eb eb,

ubsldnkekz dedkz {rb k Mrlk,ndekeb( eb òslk fbskh( kdnek nowbsjbcbr zrk pbsekebdsk joned,o( jonzudurek wos dnedpderkhdek,ebz bzwdsdurkdz kuskzkekz b dlwbs,`bdukz( {rb kdnek bzuo honfb ebjonmbjbs dnlbskz sbkhdekebz eolrneo bl {rb pdpbskl b( jollkdz skqo( eo Rndpbszo dn`dnduo bbubsno jsdkeo wos Ebrz.

O wsochblk ekz osd,

fbnz rlk ekz {rbz,ubz( bnusb lrdukz or,uskz( {rb oz mkcduknubz

[ARPKNDS CO SF BZ E B ZO R Q K

Jkskjubszudjozbzzbnjdkdzekz Sbpbhkbz

2Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos :



6/44

ebzub lrneo( eb b}wdkbz b wso,

pkz( kdnek no ul jonedbz ebsbzohpbs zkudz`kuosdklbnub( wbhojonmbjdlbnuo eoz `kuoz.

Ek k òslrhko eb mdwubzbz(eb jksubs sbhdfdozo or jdbnu`djo({rb no sbzdzubl k knhdzbz kwso,`rnekekz( ckzbkekz nk skqo bz,jhksbjdek b no jon`sonuo jol sbk,hdekebz a jolwsopkekz.

O nddhdzlo( o lkubsdkhdzlo eblhudwhkz `kjbz( k dnjsberhdekebzdzublkudqkek zo ebjossnjdkz(bl lrduoz jkzoz( eo dnjonòsldz,lo eb ldhmbz eb zbsbz mrlknozjol kz b}whdjkbz uskedjdonkdzekz jsbnkz sbhdfdozkz b uklcljdbnu`djkz( {rb no jossbzwon,ebl z sbkhdekebz b pbsekeb.

Zo bssoz b bnfknoz( osdrneozek dfnosnjdk mrlknk( zocsb kz,zrnuoz {rb bzuo khl ek jkwkjdek,

eb eb bnubnedlbnuo eoz mkcduknubzebzub oscb( k fbsks orusoz b{rpo,joz eb wbsndjdozkz jonzb{njdkzwksk dnlbskz oruskz jsdkurskz.

Bnusbuknuo( zb oczbspksloz(jol o ebpdeo jrdekeo( oz kjonub,jdlbnuoz b kz dedkz zrsfdeoz nojrszo eb uoek k mdzusdk mrlknk(jmbfkloz jonjhrzo eb {rb kWsopdenjdk Edpdnk aklkdz ebd}oro molbl dneb`dndeklbnub bnusb,

frb koz wswsdoz bssoz b bnfknoz(zbl nbnmrl kr}hdo.

Wbho jonussdo( aklkdz `khuor zjohbudpdekebz( nkbz( or jdpdhdqk,bz k kzzdzunjdk zrwbsdos( kuskpzeb bnpdkeoz bzwbjdkdz eo Fopbsnk,eos bzwdsdurkh ek Ubssk( dnjrlcd,eoz eb bzjhksbjbs b kareks kz johbud,pdekebz bl {rb sbnkzjbskl( or bl{rb kurkskl( no wksk ebzpd,hkzjolwhbuklbnub eb zrkz jonpdjbz

b òslkz eb pdpnjdk( lkz wksk

kare,hkz lbhmos jolwsbbnzoek pdek b nk crzjk eb kzwbjuoz ekpbsekeb( zblwsb ebnuso eoz hdldubzb wozzdcdhdekebz ekz jsdkurskz b zblwsbarqo eo hdpsb,kscusdo jol {rbòskl jsdkeoz uoeoz oz Bzwsduoz.

Wos dzzo( kz sbpbhkbz zrwbsdosbz({rb bzuo wsbzbnubz bl uoekz kz wo,jkz ek mdzusdk mrlknk( no kcskn,fbl uoek k pbsekeb( lkz zb karzukl dnubhdfnjdk b z wozzdcdhdekebzeb bnubnedlbnuo eoz zbrz cbnb`d,jdsdoz( kr}dhdkneo,oz wksk {rb nozb k`kzubl( jkek pbq lkdz( ekz sbk,hdekebz b eo bnubnedlbnuo ek pdek.

Kz sbpbhkbz zo( kzzdl( kr},hdoz zrwbsdosbz koz {rb wsojrsklbpohrds( zbfrds sbnub( lkz {rb zbbnjonuskl bl ed`djrhekebz ebjos,sbnubz ekz dedkz( jonpbnjdlbnuozb jsbnkz {rb keoukskl( kz {rkdz

no zb karzukl pbsekeb b pdek.Ebzuk òslk( ko lbzlo ublwo

{rb bzjhksbjbl lbhmos kz jonz,jdnjdkz( jol nopkz wbsjbwbz(no òskl ebubsldnkeoz hdldubzeb zbsbz dnjkwkqbz eb eks fsknebzzkhuoz bpohrudpoz.

Abzrz( o Lbzusb Dnjolwkspbh(zkcdk b zkcb ekz ed`djrhekebz jol{rb zb ebwkskl oz zbsbz bzwdsd,urkdz ek sbukfrksek wksk zbfrdsbl

`sbnub( eb kjoseo jol k edpdnkhbd eo wsofsbzzo.

Wos dzzo rudhdqor luoeoz dned,sbuoz wksk usknzlduds zbrz bnzdnoz(zbspdneo,zb lrdukz pbqbz eb `dfr,skbz( zlcohoz b bzwbjdkhlbnubeb b}blwhoz( bl lrdukz eb zrkzhdbz dnbz{rbjpbdz.

Woebloz( kzzdl( lbhmos bnubn,ebs k kepbsunjdk eo Lbzusb( {rkn,eo k`dslor no ubs pdneo ko lrn,

eo wksk ebzusrds k hbd( lkz wksk

eks,hmb jrlwsdlbnuo( kjsbzjbn,ukneo( bl orusk owosurndekeb( bz,zk znubzb lkskpdhmozk eb zrk ldz,zo b}jbwjdonkh1

Br zor o Jkldnmo( b k Pbsek,eb b k Pdek.

K sbpbhko pdnek kuskpz ebLodzz no eb`dndudpk( nbl sb,wsbzbnuk uoek k pbsekeb. Kubnebrk rlk `kzb bpohrudpk eb rl wopo{rb ubpb o lsduo eb lozusks Mrlkndekeb k b}dzunjdk eb rlEbrz ndjo( jonuskwoneo,zb jsbnk(fbnbskhdqkek b b{rdpojkek(bl lrduoz ebrzbz( {rb wsbpkhbjbrwos lrduoz ldhndoz.

Abzrz( bnusbuknuo( kwz k Sbpb,hko Lozkdjk( sbk`dslk k pbsekebek b}dzunjdk eb rl z Ebrz( o

Jsdkeos eb uoeo o Rndpbszo( lkzsbud`djk o bnubnedlbnuo b kz dnubs,wsbukbz {rb kz zrjbzzdpkz fbsk,bz arekdjkz ebskl k orusoz bnzd,noz sbjbcdeoz eo Khuo.

O Lbzusb Dnjolwkspbh ebd}orjhkso {rb zrkz hdbz b b}blwhozno kcsknfdkl uoek k Pbsekeb( ebpbq {rb oz molbnz no mkpdklkudnfdeo kdnek k whbnk jkwkjdekebeb bnubnedlbnuo eb uoekz kz sbkhd,

ekebz(bzwbjdkhlbnub no {rb edq sbz,wbduo pdek bl orusoz whknoz bzwd,sdurkdz( wsolbubneo( wos dzzo( wbedsko Wkd o bnpdo eb oruso Jonzohkeos(wksk djks no lrneo wksk zblwsb.

Bhb jrlwsdr zrk wsolbzzk( nkwojk b nk mosk kwsowsdkekz( bn,pdkneo k Eorusdnk Jonzohkeosk wk,sk `djks jol k Mrlkndekeb b wsb,wksks,hmb rlk nopk bsk eb bnubn,edlbnuo b eb wsofsbzzo bzwdsdurkh.




7/44

Uoeoz oz `bnlbnoz wsbwksku,

sdoz ojossdeoz k wksuds ek wsdlbd,sk lbukeb eo zjrho ]D]( noz Bz,ukeoz Rndeoz -Mtebzpdhhb$ b nk Br,sowk -lbzkz fdsknubz$( zbfrdeoz ekzoczbspkbz jrdekeozkz b zbfrskzeo ldzzdonsdo Khhkn Iksebj( `osklkjonubjdlbnuoz ebzudnkeoz k uskqbskoz molbnz rlk Ubsjbdsk Sbpbhk,o({rb jolwhblbnuk kz knubsdosbz.

Oz hdpsoz czdjoz ek Eorusdnk(bzjsduoz wbho Joed`djkeos( zoc kosdbnuko eoz Bzwsduoz zrwbsdo,sbz( `sbnub o Bzwsduo eb Pbsekeb(ocskz {rb wozubsdoslbnub zb ebz,eocskskl bl ldhmksbz eb oruskz(eb kruosdk eb edpbszkz bnudekebz bz,wdsdurkdz b eoz wswsdoz molbnz(b}wsbzzkl( klwhdkl b b}wkneblk hudlk Sbpbhko( jolo wsbpdro Bzwsduo eb Pbsekeb1

Kz fsknebz poqbz eo Jr sbz,zokl jolo zonz eb usolcbukz( b

oz jnudjoz eoz knaoz zb hmbz kzzo,

jdkl.Nz poz jonpdekloz(k pz

molbnz( wksk o edpdno jonjbsuo.

Y...\ -Wsb`jdo eb O Bpknfbhmo

zbfrneo o Bzwdsdudzlo( Be. @BC.$

K Nopk Sbpbhko ebzudnk,zbbzwbjdkhlbnub k sbud`djks bnubned,lbnuoz edzuosjdeoz ekz knubsdosbz(

sbhblcsks oz bnzdnoz eo Jsdzuo( usk,qbs jonmbjdlbnuoz nopoz koz {rbkzwdskl wsofsbeds zblwsb( b ebz,pbneks k b}dzunjdk eb bz`bskz orlrneoz bzwdsdurkdz( {rb bzuo bljonunroz sbhkjdonklbnuoz jol onozzo( mkcdukeoz wos zbsbz bzwdsd,urkdz eb ed`bsbnubz jonedbz lo,skdz b dnubhbjurkdz.

Ko sbud`djks kz dedkz nddhdzukz(lkubsdkhdzukz b oz ebzpdoz bzwdsdurk,

hdzukz( jolo k kczoso eo Bzwsduo

no uoeo rndpbszkh(jol o dl ek zrkdnedpderkhdekeb( o Jonzohkeos abzu wsbwkskneo rlk Nopk Bsk(wk,sk k sbfbnbsko eo lrneo kurkh.

O sbjonmbjdlbnuo ebzzkz sb,fdbz bzwdsdurkdz( {rb kcsdfkl uoekk wowrhko eoz {rb ebnoldnklozlosuoz( eblonzusk {rb( nk sbkhdek,eb( no b}dzub k losub eo zbs bubsno(o Bzwsduo(lkz zolbnub k ebzkfsb,fko ek wksub lkubsdkh o joswo`zdjo eb {rb zb rudhdqk o zbs dlos,ukh bl zrjbzzdpkz sbbnjksnkbz.

Uoekz bzzkz nobz( eb fsknebdnubsbzzb wksk oz mkcduknubz eb rllrneo lkubsdkh jolo k Ubssk(no zo kjbdukz wos fskneb wksubeb zrk wowrhko( ku lbzlo wb,hoz jdbnudzukz.

Worjo k worjo( bnusbuknuo( uo,eoz k{rbhbz {rb wsojrskl( zdnjb,

sklbnub( k sbkhdekeb( po zb jon,pbnjbneo ek pbsekeb eblonzusk,ek wbhoz `kuoz( wbhkz lknd bzuk,bz eoz wswsdoz Bzwsduoz b wbhojonmbjdlbnuo ekz hbdz bubsnkz(arzukz b wbs`bdukz eo Jsdkeos( kjkrzk wsdlsdk eb uoekz kz jodzkz.

O Bzwdsdudzlo( jolo rlk No,pk Sbpbhko( ubl jksubs jdbnu`d,

jo( ko uskuks eo bzwsduo jolo ooruso bhblbnuo eo Rndpbszo( kohkeo ek lkusdk. Nbzzb jkzo( zblepdek( bzu jonusdcrdneo wksk{rb k pbsekebdsk Jdnjdk no zbolduk ko nbfks k b}dzunjdk ekwksub dlkubsdkh eo Rndpbszo.

Jolwsbbnebr Khhkn Iksebj owozdjdonklbnuo lkubsdkhdzuk ekzjdnjdkz( ko b}whdjks {rb k wbz{rd,zk ekz hbdz nkurskdz( bl rl lrn,

eo lkubsdkh( jolo o nozzo( z wo,

ebsdk dndjdks,zb no whkno `zdjo( a{rb k sbkhdekeb ek lkusdk k {rbdlwsbzzdonk( bl wsdlbdso hrfks(oz nozzoz zbnudeoz `zdjoz.

Zolbnub jol k klwhdko ekzwbsjbwbz( wksk khl eo whknolkubsdkh( dndjdks,zb,dkl kz dnpbzud,fkbz ek sbkhdekeb bzwdsdurkh.

@od o {rb ojossbr.Wos dzzo o whkno bzwdsdurkh dnd,

jdor k Nopk Sbpbhko jol k `b,nolbnohofdk bzwsduk( jmklkneok kubno wksk o ebzjonmbjdeo.

[rknuo ubnenjdk ekz jdn,jdkz b eoz jdbnudzukz wksk o lkub,sdkhdzlo( zrk loed`djko rlk{rbzuo eb ublwo.

Zbneo k Jdnjdk o jonmbjdlbn,uo ek sbkhdekeb ekz jodzkz( k pbsek,eb bl uoeoz oz zbnudeoz( bpdebn,ub {rb k sbkhdekeb ek pdek bzwdsdurkh

kwsbzbnukek wbho Bzwdsdudzlo nowoeb djks dfnoskek( dneb`dndek,lbnub( wbhoz nbfkudpdzukz.

Zb k fbnbskhdekeb eoz jrhuosbzekz edpbszkz jdnjdkz no kjbduor kEorusdnk Bzwsduk bl zbrz wsd,lsedoz( nk kurkhdekeb k zdurkokhubsor,zb lrduo( blcoskno uoukhlbnub.

O col zbnzo nozlozusk {rb oz jdbnudz,

ukz( wos jobsnjdk jolzbrz jonmbjdlbnuozjossbuoz( no woeb,so nbfks k sbkhdekebeoz `kuoz b ekz hbdz{rb oz sbfbl.

O molbl nrnjk

bzubpb zoqdnmo bl

nbnmrlk wojk ek

Mrlkndekeb

6Ak nb ds o 377 = Sb`oslkeos 2



8/44

@dhmoz ek khlk1[rb Abzrz noz kcbnob+

{rbhbz edkz( kzzdnkhkeozwbho edo b wbhk uskdo(wbho ebzcoseks ekz wkd,

}bz kzzbhpkakekz wbho jsdlb b kmbedonebq( bskl kz ckzbz zocsb kz{rkdz kz òskz jonarfkekz eo Lkhdkl bsdfds o zbr {rksubh eb ebz,usrdo eo Cbl.

Pbdo Abzrz b fbsor rlk nopkbsk jbnuskek no klos.

Ebqbnopb zjrhoz ebwodz( kwsb,zbnukpkl,zb kz jsdkurskz bl jon,edbz {rkzb b{rdpkhbnubz. jbs,uo {rb( nbzzb nubsdl( morpb rlfskneb ebzbnpohpdlbnuo ubjno,hfdjo b jdbnu`djo( b o wsofsbzzojohojor `sonubdskz {rb zb kcsdklwksk o `rurso( lkz kz hrukz bskludsndjkz bnusb o lkubsdkhdzlo bo bzwdsdurkhdzlo.

Bnuo pbdo Khhkn Iksebj b( jolk jksdekeb b}khukneo o klos eoLbzusb( wsowosjdonor Jdnjdk

dnpbzudfks bl wso`rnedek,eb o zbs mrlkno( debnud,

`djkneo,hmb k dlosuk,hdekeb( k jolrndjk,cdhdekeb( k sbbnjks,

nko eo Bzwsduo( {rb dnebzusrupbh.

Jbnuo b jdn{bnuk knoz eb,

wodz( kz wkdzkfbnz ubssbzusbz bn,jonuskl,zb zolcsbkekz wos jsd,

lbz b{rdpkhbnubz koz sb`bsdeoz({rb no `djkskl kwbnkz no wkzzk,eo( b o lonzuso ek frbssk bzwsbdukzosskubdso noz wonuoz jksebkdz eoWhknbuk( kfrksekneo o lolbnuowksk kwsbzbnuks,zb ebzusrdeos( jo,lo zb jkwkq òzzb eb bhdldnks oCbl( eb ebzusrds k Pdek.

Nbzub lolbnuo( k Eorusdnk

Bzwsduk( zdnubudqkneo o wbnzk,lbnuo eb Jsdzuo nkz dnòslkbzek zrk fsknedozk `dhozo`dk jbn,uskek nk b}wbsdnjdk eoz `kuoz(kwsbzbnuk k Bsk ek Wkq( wsowos,jdonkneo k pdzo oudldzuk eo `r,urso b o`bsbjbneo k khbfsdk ebpdpbs k zbspdo eo Cbl.

Pdpbloz oz lolbnuoz ed`jbdzek fskneb usknzdo ubssbzusb.

Kz ed`djrhekebz lrhudwhdjkl,zbb k jdqndk moldqdk,zb noz josk,

bz( wsojrskneo fbsks edpdzdondz,loz b wksudeoz {rb bnusbl bljon`hkfsko jol jksubs ebzusrd,eos. O edo( edz kskeo nk dner,lbnusdk ek mdwojsdzdk( kzzbnmo,sbdk,zb ekz pdekz( bn{rknuo k dn,zbnzkubq bzudlrhk oz dnzudnuoz nozrwbskeoz( wksk {rb kudsbl k jsdk,ursk mrlknk no jmksjo ekz wkd,}bz edzzohpbnubz oneb wsbubneblkòf,hk. Lkz nbzub lolbnuo

fskpb {rb kz hrqbz zocbsknkz ekpbsekeb csdhmkl no pbhkeos ekzjonzjdnjdkz( jonjhklkneo,noz kuoeoz( ebzbnjksnkeoz b bnjksnk,eoz( k wos`dks no cbl ku o `dl.

No zo `jbdz kz ckukhmkz usk,pkekz no nudlo( lkz Abzrz nonoz wsolbubr `kjdhdekebz. Sb`b,sdr,zb lbzlo bzwkek {rb ebpb,sdk zbwksks o cbl eo lkh( ebzusrdsk dnd{dekeb wksk zkhpks o dn{ro.

K

Zbl kedklbnuoz

= Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377=0

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;5136 Wkfb =


9/44

Oz ebzk`doz {rb zb lrhudwhd,

jkl jonzudurbl k fskneb wsopkkuskpz ek {rkh noz sbjrwbsklozeoz ebhduoz fskpbz jonusk nzlbzloz( o nozzo ws}dlo( k zo,jdbekeb( {rkneo wbspbsubloz klbnzkfbl eb klos dnzwdskeozwbhoz dnubsbzzbz pdz k {rb nozk`bdopkloz.

Kfosk o fskneb dnzuknub ekebjdzo. No m lkdz hrfks wkskudurcbdoz( wksk wozubsfksloz ksbkhdqko eo debkh.

A jolwsbbnebloz( arnuoz({rb oz ebnoldnkeoz eodz lrn,eoz zo kwbnkz rl lrneo blerkz pdcskbz ed`bsbnubz. Bzuowbs`bduklbnub dnubfskeoz no oc,abu dpo eb jonzusrds rl orusolrneo lbhmos b `kqbs `bhdq kjsdkursk mrlknk.

Eblo,noz kz loz( rndeoz( wk,

sk {rb eblonzusbloz {rb kz noz,zkz wb{rbnkz ed`bsbnkz eb owd,ndo zo dnzr`djdbnubz wksk zrwb,sks k debnud`djko eoz nozzoz wso,wzduoz noz wkskedflkz eorusdn,sdoz bl {rb `dslkloz oz debkdz.

Eblo,noz kz loz( wksk bn,`sbnuksloz k onek eb moldjedozhbfkdz noz edz`ksjbz eo kcosuo( ekbruknzdk( eo zrdjedo( ek wbnkeb losub {rb zblwsb crzjkl k

hbfdudlko( wos{rb aklkdz zbsoloskdz.

Blwbnmblo,noz wos pdpbsjonòslb kz edsbusdqbz krzubskz

b}kskekz no Bpknfbhmo b kurkhd,

qkekz wbho Bzwdsdudzlo.Abzrz( lbrz `dhmoz( bnjonusk,zb

jonerqdneo k nkr ubssbzusb b khbpks ko wosuo zbfrso {rb hmbbzu ebzudnkeo.

Edzwrubloz k monsk eb `kqbswksub ek zrk usdwrhko( nk jon,edo eb mrldhebz johkcoskeo,sbz. [rb o zbakloz( wosl( `ddzko jolkneo ek Zrk ehjdek poq.

No sbpdeks lkh wos lkh( noebzwbsedks o ublwo nkz edz,jrzzbz dn`sru`bskz ekz pkdek,ebz mrlknkz( rudhdqks bzzb wk,usdlndo nk bed`djko eo sbdnoeb Ebrz bl nz lbzloz( zokz knudfkz,nopkz edsbusdqbz {rb nozjonerqdso ko ebzudno {rb crz,jkloz.

Bzubz zo edkz urlrhurozoz+Zb( eb rlk òslk( pdpbdz kz

khbfsdkz eoz kpknoz eo jonmbjd,lbnuo jdbnu`djo b ubjnohfdjo(ebz`srukdz ekz joloedekebz {rbwsowosjdonkl ko hkeo eb jbnub,nkz eb ldhmbz eb Bzwsduoz zo,`sdeoz b knkublkudqkeoz wbhk bn,`bsldekeb( wbhk òlb( wbhk eos({rkzb bz{rbjdeoz( uklcl zooz edkz eb kjbnebs k hrq eo klosbl pozzoz joskbz( wksk {rb oklos edzubnek kz pozzkz loz nk

edsbo ebhbz( oz `dhmoz eo jkhp,sdo. Lkz no kwbnkz ebhbz( jolouklcl eoz`dhmoz eo jkhpsdo nowswsdo hks( nk Jkzk Bzwsduk( nk

o`djdnk eb edfnd`djko wbho usk,

ckhmo( no fsrwo zojdkh...Bl uoek wksub Abzrz nbjbzzduk

eb pz( wksk `khks wbhk pozzk co,jk( jkldnmks wbhoz pozzoz wz bkfds kuskpz ekz pozzkz loz.

B}rhukd( zb dnjolwsbbnedeoz.Khbfskd,poz( zb kjrzkeoz. Crzjkdzossds( zb jkhrndkeoz or bz{rbjd,eoz eoz kwhkrzoz ubssbzusbz.

Kz pozzkz jonebjoskbz zbsokz bsdekz jdjkusdqkekz nk khlk {rbjonzudurdso o wkzzkwosub edpdnowksk( ebwodz ek fskpb uskpbzzdk(bnusksebz no fskneb hks bl wkq.

Deb( wodz( eb sbuosno z pozzkzhdebz b klkd.

Hbpkd Abzrz jonpozjo b pdpbd,O.Bnzdnkd k uoeoz k eorusdnk eb

hdcbsuko b ebhk `kqbd k pozzkczzohk.

Nk klwrhmbuk ekz moskz o

ublwo jonudnrk dnb}oskpbhlbn,ub zbl ublwo wksk kedklbnuoz.

Pdfdkd oskneo b klkd zbspdneo.[rb o Zbnmos eb cnoz noz

kcbnob( `dhmoz ek khlk( k z,whdjk {rb `kq o zbspdeos mrlhd,lo b wkubsnkh eb zblwsb(

Cbqbssk

-Lbnzkfbl wzdjo`ndjk sbjbcdek wbho

ledrl Edpkheo Wbsbdsk @sknjo ko `dnkh

ek Sbrndo eo Jonzbhmo @bebskudpo Nk,

jdonkh ek @BC( no edk ;; eb nopblcso

eb 3776( bl Cskzhdk( E@.$




10/44

;7 Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377== Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377=

l zbr hdpso Mdzusdk Bjhb,zdzudjk( oz wsdlbdsoz {rk,uso zjrhoz ek Dfsbak Jsdzu(

Brzcdo eb Jbzksdk {rb pdpbreb 307 k :57 e.J. sbhkuk {rb(ebzeb o zbr dnjdo( o Jsdzudkndzlojossbr o sdzjo eb zo`sbs edzuosbznk zrk wsudjk( ebpdeo z mbsbzdkz{rb òskl zrsfdneo. Khfrlkz wso,pojkskl wsohonfkekz wohldjkz9oruskz( pbsekebdskz jdzbz bl kh,

frnz njhboz jsdzuoz.K wksuds eo kno :32( {rkneowkzzor k zbs k sbhdfdo o`djdkh eoDlwsdo Solkno( o Jsdzudkndzlono jonzbfrdr lknubs k zrk wrsb,qk osdfdnkh b kjkcor zo`sbneo zdf,nd`djkudpoz ebzpdoz nk dnubswsbuk,o eoz bnzdnklbnuoz b nk wsudjk.K zdurko kfskpor,zb k wksuds eokno 22: Jonjhdo eb Jonzuknud,nowhk DD ( {rkneo k ubzb ek wsb,

b}dzunjdk ek khlk( eb Osfbnbz( òdjonebnkek. Dzzo zdfnd`djor k b}jhr,zo eo wsdnjwdo ek sbbnjksnko.

Nk nopk sorwkfbl( o Jsdzudk,ndzlo no jonzbfrdr lkdz b}whd,jks kz ebzdfrkhebz eb owosurndek,ebz bnusb oz zbsbz mrlknoz(k hbd ebjkrzk b b bduo( k jolwkudcdhdqkobnusb k hbd eb arzudk b k ldzbsdjs,edk edpdnk. Bl jonzb{njdk( wbs,ebr k zrk òsk jolo eorusdnk {rb

òd hbfkek koz molbnz wksk bzjhk,sbj,hoz( wsolopbs k zrk usknzòs,lko loskh b uskqbs,hmbz k bzwb,sknk wos rlk pdek lbhmos.

O Bzwdsdudzlo jolwhbuk ;27knoz. lrduo aopbl kdnek. Zrs,fdr nrlk wojk ckzuknub `kpos,pbh( jol k Mrlkndekeb cbl lkdzebzbnpohpdek. Oz zbrz bnzdnklbn,uoz no zo kwsbzbnukeoz zoc òs,lk khbfsdjk( zo jhksoz( woebl zbs

bnubnedeoz uknuo wbhkz wbzzokz lkdzjrhukz( {rknuo wbhkz lbnoz hbusk,ekz. Khl edzzo( m fskneb nlbsoeb hdpsoz eb kruosdk eoz Bzwsduoz beb bzjsduosbz bnjksnkeoz {rb b}whd,jkpk oz zbrz wsdnjwdoz9 kzzdl( wsk,udjklbnub no `djkl epdekz.

Bn{rknuo k sbeko eb`dndudpkeoz bpknfbhmoz z od bduk lkdz ebeoqb knoz ebwodz ek pohuk eb Abzrz Wusdk Bzwdsdurkh lknrzjsduk(

bl wkwdso ( oz bnzdnklbnuoz bz,wsdukz a òskl hknkeoz bl hd,psoz( bzjsduoz b sbpdzkeoz wos Iks,ebj( zoc k zrwbspdzo eoz Bzwsd,uoz zrwbsdosbz9 wos dzzo o Bzwdsd,udzlo jossb sdzjo cbl lbnos ebzbs khubskeo no jonubeo eorusd,nsdo( bzwbjdkhlbnub o {rb bzub}wozuo nkz ocskz czdjkz. O lbz,lo no zb woeb edqbs jol sbhko wsudjk1 nbzuk m jbsuo sdzjo.

Oz ebzpdoz woebl ojossbs wbhkdnusoero eb wsudjkz bzusknmkz Eorusdnk( wos wsdosdqksbl o `bn,lbno lbedndjo( or wos dndjd,hkzb lknu,hkz zbl o jonmbjdlbnuozbfrso ek ubosdk9 or kdnek wbhkwsbzrno eb wbzzokz or fsrwozeb ubsbl jolwbunjdk wksk sbòs,lks k ckzb eorusdnsdk( or lbz,lo eb bhkcosks orusk ubosdk. Bluoeoz bzzbz jkzoz( jozurlk mkpbs k

wksudjdwko eb Bzwsduoz(kepbsz,sdoz eo Bzwdsdudzlo( {rb kfblosdbnukneo fsrwoz jserhoz( ordnzr`hkneo dedkz bl ebzkjoseojol oz wsdnjwdoz bzwsdukz b jsdz,uoz k wbzzokz eoldnkekz wbho os,frhmo( wbhk wsbzrno.

Wksk bpduks {rb dzzo kjonubk( `rneklbnukh wsbzbspks,zb oz wsdn,jwdoz eorusdnsdoz uknuo nk ubo,sdk jolo nk wsudjk. Wksk zb kudn,

fds bzzb ocabudpo( zo dnedzwbnz,pbdz1 bzureo jonunro( wksk zb ubsosdbnuko keb{rkek b zbfrsknknkz kudpdekebz( b mrldhekeb( wksknrnjk zb k`kzuks ebzzb jkldnmozbfrso.

Kzzdl( o Bzwdsdudzlo {rb sbz,ukrsk o Jsdzudkndzlo nk zrk wrsb,qk no zo`sbs khubskbz( nblebzpdoz9 zbs wsbzbspkeo bl uoekk zrk dnubfsdekeb.

Wsbzbspko eozwsdnjwdoz eorusdnsdoz

B

RLCBSUO @B SSB D SK

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;5136 Wkfb ;7


11/44

SO F B S WB S B QBnusbpdzuk

Sbòslkeos1 Jolo kpkhdk k dl,wosunjdk ek Sbprb Zwdsdub no wb,soeo eb Iksebj -;=2=,;=04$?

Sofbs1 @od zoc k dndjdkudpk zohdu,

sdk eb Khhkn Iksebj {rb(k wksuds eb;=2=( òd wrchdjkek k Sbprb Zwdsdub. k sbpdzuk bzwsduk lkdz knudfk b k{rb lkdz jonusdcrdr edprhfkoek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk. K wrchdjkolkfdzuskh ek Sbprb Zwdsdub( noukek,lbnub ersknub o wsdlbdso wbsoeo-;=2=,;=04$( ebpb zbs jonzdebskekwos uoeoz oz bzwsdukz jolo k wbeskknfrhks wksk zb jolwsbbnebs zbrhonfo khjknjb loskh. Wbsoeo no

{rkh Khhkn Iksebj a bzukpk jonz,jdbnub ek òsk sbnopkeosk eo Bz,wdsdudzlo b ek nbjbzzdekeb eb kpkn,ks zbrz uskckhmoz k ebzwbduo ek,

{rbhbz {rb crzjkpkl ebzusrds,hmbk ldzzo -jolrndjko sbjbcdekbl 35 eb aknbdso eb ;=07$. Bhb ud,nmk k jbsubqk eb {rb o Bzwdsdudzlo

zbsdk jmklkeo k ebzblwbnmks rlkdnubnzk uksb`k wksk k bpohro ebnozzo whknbuk( uskqbneo k pbsekebzocsb k ldzzo eb Abzrz( b}udn,frdneo o kubzlo b o lkubsdkhdzlo.

Sbòslkeos1 Jolo òskl oz kwodozb ed`djrhekebz bn`sbnukeoz wos

Iksebj?

Sofbs1 dlwosuknub hblcsks {rbebzeb o jolbo k dedk eb wrchd,

jks k Sbprb Zwdsdub sbjbcbr eolrneo bzwdsdurkh kczohruk kwso,pko. Nbzub zbnudeo( Khhkn Iksebjsbjbcbr eoz Bzwsduoz lkfdzuskh sbz,wozuk1 Kfb jol or zbl o zbrjonjrszo YZs. Udbeblkn\9 no ubjonzrlkz wos zrk jkrzk. Woebzwsbzjdneds ebhb. Khhkn Iksebj nozedq bl Ocskz Wzurlkz1Kwsbzzbd,,lb k sbedfds o wsdlbdso nlbsob `d,ho jdsjrhks k ;o eb aknbdso eb

;=2=( zbl mkpbs eduo nkek k {rbl{rbs {rb òzzb. Y...\ Wrchd{rbd,o jos,sbneo br( b}jhrzdpklbnub( uoeoz ozsdzjoz b no udpb eb {rb lb kssbwbn,

ebs( wos{rknuo o sbzrhukeo rhusk,wkzzor k ldnmk b}wbjukudpk. Y...\.Ureo dzzo kwbzks eo Kruo,eb,` blCksjbhonk( eb 3; eb orurcso eb

O wkwbh ek SbpdzukBzwsduk nk ed`rzo

ek Eorusdnk BzwsdukSofbs Wbsbq( wsbzdebnub ek Rndon Zwdsdub @sknkdzb bu @sknjowmonb

-Rndo Bzwsduk @sknjbzk b @sknjo`ndjk$( knkhdzk k dlwosunjdk ek

Sbprb Zwdsdub! ebzeb o zbr hknklbnuo wos Khhkn Iksebj ku oz

ebzeocsklbnuoz nk kurkhdekeb

!N. ek S.1 Kurkhlbnub dnudurhkek Hk Sbprb

Zwdsdub. O ksudfo Hk z òd wsbwozuo ko no,

lb ek Sbprb Zwdsdub k wksuds eb ;4;:.-VKN,

URDH( Qrz9 UMDBZBN( @sknjdzjo. Khhkn

Iksebj1 wbz{rdzk cdocdchdofs`djk b bnzkdoz

eb dnubswsbuko. p. DDD. 5. be. Sdo eb Aknbdso1

@BC(;44=.Hk Sbprb Zwdsdub( w. 56( nouk 6.$

;;Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos 4

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;5136 Wkfb ;;


12/44

;=0;( oneb òskl {rbdlkeoz O

Hdpso eoz Bzwsduoz( O Hdpso eoz L,edrnz( b johbbz ek Sbprb Zwdsdub(or zbak( rl uoukh eb :77 hdpsoz bedpbszoz pohrlbz eb oruskz ocskzbzwsdukz.Bzub kuo ubpb jolo sbwbs,jrzzo rl sbzrhukeo bzusoneozo(lkz lrduo wozdudpo( {rb ebr rlkdlwrhzo `kqbneo wsofsbeds o Bz,wdsdudzlo nk Bzwknmk b no lrneo.-Sbprb Zwdsdub( nopblcso eb ;=0;.$

Rlk zsdb eb jolrndjkbzblknkekz eo lrneo bzwdsdurkh( sb,jbcdekz wos Khhkn Iksebj bl ;=06-;0 eb kfozuo b 4 eb zbublcso$ b bl;=0= -3: eb bpbsbdso b ;o eb arhmo$(woebl zbs kzzdl sbzrldekz. Ubl,,ub( wodz( wsonuo wksk ureo Y...\. Okno ws}dlo jolbks bl csbpb9 wsbjdzo( wodz( {rb( wbhoz `dnzebzub( ez k hudlk eblo wsd,lbdsk wksub ek ocsk bzwsduk Y...\.

Kzzdl zb jonzudurdr o Wsoabuo eb;=0=1 zocsb k nbjbzzdekeb eb rlkckzb zhdek b eb rlk rndekeb eor,usdnsdk wozdudpk b osfkndqkek eo Bz,wdsdudzlo. Khhkn Iksebj dnzdzudk {rbk krznjdk eb rndekeb woebsdk bn,uskpks k wsowkfko ek EorusdnkBzwsduk. dnubsbzzknub zdurks nrljonub}uo mdzusdjo( b nk zrk kuloz,`bsk zojdkh( o wsoabuo eb bzusrursk,o eo Lopdlbnuo Bzwsduk wsb,

jondqkeo wos Khhkn Iksebj( cbljolo zbrz wsowzduoz zocsb o jk,subs sbòslkeos b rndpbszkh eoBzwdsdudzlo. Bhb zrchdnmk aredjdo,zklbnub o jksubs wsofsbzzdzuk eoBzwdsdudzlo bl kzzdldhkneo uoekzkz dedkz sbjonmbjdeklbnub arzukz(zkcbneo,zb {rb jbeo or ukseb ocbl zrwhknuk o lkh b o pbsekebdsowsdlk zblwsb zocsb o khzo.K bzuk ndjk hruk bl {rb bhb zb bnfkaor.

[rb oz molbnz zb jonubnubl eb

zbs kzzdzudeoz b wsoubfdeoz wbhoz conzBzwsduoz( lkz {rb no wsojrsblzb dzbnuks ek sbzwonzkcdhdekeb {rbhmbz dnjrlcb jolo bnjksnkeoz.

Sbòslkeos1 B o kwodo lkdz sbjbnubeo Jonzbhmo Bzwsduk Dnubsnkjdonkh?

Sofbs1 Hblcskneo nozzo pbnbsk,eo Hon Ebndz( oz bzwsdukz `skn,jbzbz( jolo oz bzwsdukz eo lrneo(jonfsbfkeoz no Jonzbhmo BzwsdukDnubsnkjdonkh( bnjonuskl,zb edkn,ub eb rl jolwsoldzzo bl {rb klksjmk eoz kjonubjdlbnuoz wbs,lknbjb wsowosjdonkh koz zbrz jo,nmbjdlbnuoz ekz hbdz loskdz b ekjonzjdnjdk eb zrkz sbzwonzkcdhd,ekebz. Bhbz ebpbl knubz eb ureo zbsedfnoz( noz zbrz wbnzklbnuoz b kuozeb uoeoz oz dnzuknubz( eoz fsknebzwsdnjwdoz {rb jonzudurbl k Eor,

usdnk eoz Bzwsduoz( {rkh nbjbzz,sdo zrzjduks rlk kebzo pohrnusdk.

Mrcbsu @osbzudbs( {rb òd edsb,uos eb wrchdjko ek Sbpdzuk( edqdk{rb k Sbprb Zwdsdub dhmk eo wbn,zklbnuo eb Khhkn Iksebj. Moab(bl joowbsko bzusbduk jol oJonzbhmo Bzwsduk Dnubsnkjdonkh( kSbprb Zwdsdub dlwsdlb k wsbzbnkbzwsduk nk @sknk b no lrneo(bl psdoz dedolkz9 bhk dlwsbzzk

no Cskzdh( {rb zblwsb bzubnebr klo `skubsnk RZ@@.

No khposbjbs eo Bzwdsdudzlo( jo,lo eorusdnk joed`djkek( Wkrh Co,edbs( dhrzusb bzwsduk `sknjz eo z,jrho sbuskzkeo( edqdk1@oslrhklozo pouo zdnjbso wksk {rb k wrchdjk,ek Sbprb Zwdsdub zbak edprhfkek nozolbnub nk @sknk( lkz no lrneoubssbzusb( wksk {rb zoc ldh òslkz(o dnpdzpbh wbnbusb oz zbnzdudpoz b zb

dlwonmk eb lknbdsk {rb bhbz woz,

zkl zbfrds jol kjdhdekeb o nocsbjkldnmo uskkeo wbhoz nozzoz dhrz,usbz knubwkzzkeoz {rb a sbuosnk,skl ko lrneo eoz Bzwsduoz.

Sbòslkeos1 Jolo jonzbfrdr sbk,pbs k Sbprb Zwdsdub kwz kz eburs,wkbz {rb bhk zo`sbr bnusb oz knoz

;467,;4=7?

Sofbs1 K RZ@@sbuolor zbrz hbf,udloz edsbduoz bl ;4=2( jol k sbk,wksdo ek Sbprb Zwdsdub ebwodz ebeoqb knoz eb dnubssrwo eb zrk wr,chdjko. Hordz Zbss b br joner,qdloz rl erso jolckub zblwsbzrzubnukeo wos jolrndjkbz blk,nkekz eb rlk bnudekeb bzwdsdurkh{rb zb debnud`djkpk jolo O dsloeo uskckhmo( k {rkh noz sbpbhor jbs,uoz wonuoz keldndzuskudpoz `sfbdz{rb kfdskl bl nozzo kpos( ebzeb o

jolbo eo wsojbzzo hbfkh( wksk sbk,pbs k Sbprb Zwdsdub. Bzub Bzwsduonoz wbedr wksk nkek sbpbhks eb zrkdebnudekeb. O ndjo ebukhmb {rbwozzo sbhkuks {rb zb uskuk eb rlkwbszonkhdekeb {rb òd rl fsknebnolb ek Dfsbak Jkuhdjk. Jol kzrk wbsldzzo( br fozuksdk eb kjsbz,jbnuks {rb zrk jonpbszo z dedkzbzwsdukz zb sbkhdqor kwz k ebzbn,jksnko( wbho {rb( kdnek {rkneo

no o wozzkloz zb{rbs dlkfdnks(jonpbszbz uklcl zb sbkhdqkl noLrneo Lkdos. Hblcskneo Zmk,ibzwbksb {rkneo edqdk1 K pbsekebubl rl josko uskn{dho.

Sbòslkeos1 [rkdz oskl oz bzòsozekRZ@@wksk lknubs k Sbprb Zwdsdub?Sofbs1 Kwbzks eo fskneb ebpouk,lbnuo eb nozzoz dsloz eo Jbn,usb eb Eojusdnb bu eDndudkudon Zwdsdub

;3 Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377=;7



13/44

Jmsdzud{rbz eb Uorsz( eb`sonukloz

jol wsochblkz ujndjoz b `dnknjbd,soz wksk k bedo ek Sbprb Zwdsdub(o {rb bsk wksk bzzk wb{rbnk b{rd,wb rl ebpbs zkfskeo k jrlwsds.Bzzk knfzudk wbslknbnub eb nozkcbs zb woekloz lknubs k bed,o ek Sbprb Zwdsdub òd kjkhlkekk wksuds eb rl kjonubjdlbnuo dnbz,wbskeo( {rb noz òd dnòslkeokuskpz eb jolrndjkbz lbed,ndjkz. Lkz no zkckloz o {rbzbsdk nbl {rkneo ojossbsdk. Ukhkjonubjdlbnuo zb ebr bl ;o eb no,pblcso eb ;447( {rkneo ek pdzdukk Uorsz eb nozzoz bzudlkeoz ds,loz Nbzuos Aoo Lkzouud b WkrhoSocbsuo Wbsbdsk ek Jozuk. Kzzdl(k wsdlbdsk karek wksk k klwhdkob k wbslknnjdk eb rlk bedozhdek ek Sbprb Zwdsdub noz pbdo ek@bebsko Bzwsduk Cskzdhbdsk( cbl

knubz ek jsdko eo Jonzbhmo Bz,wsduk Dnubsnkjdonkh( bl ;443.

Sbòslkeos1 Ebzeb 3777 m rlkwksjbsdk ek RZ@@ jol o JBD wksk kbedo ek Sbprb Zwdsdub. Jolo kpk,hdk zrk b}wknzo bl orusoz dedolkz?

Sofbs1 K wksjbsdk b}dzub zoc rlkòslk ujduk( ckzbkek noz wsdnj,wdoz eb monsk b eb `skubsndekeb(zoc kz kzkz wsoubuoskz eo lrneo

bzwdsdurkh. Ukh o lbr zbnudlbn,uo( wso`rneo b dnkckhpbh. Jolowsopk ebzub hbfkeo ubl,zb( moab( kb}ubnzo ek Sbpdzuk bl psdozdedolkz. M khfrnz knoz( {rkneoek sbkwksdo ek Sbprb Zwdsdub bl;4=2( {rbl woebsdk dlkfdnks ukhkjonubjdlbnuo(zbno o lrneo bz,wdsdurkh b oz zbsbz bnjksnkeoz ebcok ponukeb( `rnekeosbz eo Jon,zbhmo Bzwsduk Dnubsnkjdonkh?

;:Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos ;;

Jonzbhmo @bebskudpoNkjdonkh ek @BC

Nosebzub;. Joldzzo Sbfdonkh Nosebzub

;.; Jdekeb,zbeb1 Nkukh -SN$.

;.3 Wbsoeo1 eb ;; k ;: eb kcsdh.;.: Sbrndo eoz Edsdfbnubz1 Kzzrnuo Fbzuo @bebskudpk.

Zrh3. Joldzzo Sbfdonkh Zrh

3.; Jdekeb,zbeb1 Wosuo Khbfsb -SZ$.

3.3 Wbsoeo1 eb 32 k 36 eb kcsdh.

3.: Sbrndo eoz Edsdfbnubz1 Kzzrnuo Sb`hb}bz udjkz zocsb k dn,

`hrnjdk ekz kudpdekebz eb bnudekebz no `bebskekz b k {rkhdekeb

ekz wsoerbz bzwsdukz.

Nosub:. Joldzzo Sbfdonkh Nosub

:.; Jdekeb,zbeb1 Lknkrz -KL$.

:.3 Wbsoeo1 eb 33 k 32 eb lkdo.

:.: Sbrndo eoz Edsdfbnubz1 Kzzrnuo O wkwbh eo edsdfbnub jolo

lrhudwhdjkeos nk Jkzk Bzwsduk.

Jbnuso5. Joldzzo Sbfdonkh Jbnuso

5.; Jdekeb,zbeb1 Cbho Mosdqonub -LF$.

5.3 Wbsoeo1 eb 37 k 33 eb arnmo.

5.: Sbrndo eoz Edsdfbnubz1 Kzzrnuo Wsdnjdwkdz nbjbzzdekebz b ed`d,jrhekebz wksk k bzusrursko b dlwhknuko eo Whkno eb

Uskckhmo wbhkz @bebskudpkz.

sbkz Bzwbj`djkzZbso sbkhdqkekz( jonjolduknublbnub jol k Sbrndo eoz Edsdfbnubz(

b( jol ublkz wswsdoz bzjohmdeoz bl 3776( kz sbrndbz ekz sbkz Bzwb,j`djkz eb Kubnedlbnuo Bzwdsdurkh no Jbnuso Bzwsduk( Kudpdekeb Lb,edndjk( Jolrndjko Zojdkh Bzwsduk( Bzureo Zdzublkudqkeo ek Eor,usdnk Bzwsduk( Dn`njdk b Arpbnureb( Zbspdo eb Kzzdzunjdk b WsolooZojdkh Bzwsduk.

Jkhbnesdo ekz Sbrndbzekz Joldzzbz Sbfdonkdz eb 377=

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;5136 Wkfb ;:


14/44

brndneo,zb koz edzjwrhoz( blwsbbnebr Abzrz ksbnopko eo lrneo.

Jonfsbfkneo,zb jol jbfoz b wkskhudjoz(sbzudurdr,hmbz k pdzo b o lopdlbnuo.

Ldzurskneo,zb jol k ursck b}ubnrkek( lrhudwhd,jor oz wbz wksk {rb hmb no `khukzzb khdlbnuo.

Olcsbkneo,zb jol oz wocsbz b oz zdlwhbz( bnzd,nor,hmbz kz cbl,kpbnursknkz jbhbzubz.

Ckn{rbubkneo,zb jol wbjkeosbz jon`bzzoz( bnzd,nor,hmbz o sbuosno ko jkldnmo eb bhbpko.

Wksudhmkneo k `skubsndekeb eo jbnjrho( wsbwkskjolwknmbdsoz nk edsbo eoz ubzublrnmoz eb ` pdpk.

Jolwbhdeo k o`bsbjbs,zb bl bzwbujrho nk jsrq(arnuo lrhudeo( ebzwbeb,zb ek lkzzk( kcbnokneo

b klkneo( wbseokneo b zbspdneo.

Jolwsbbnebneo k sbzwonzkcdhdekeb ek fskneb kz,zblchdk eb johkcoskeosbz eo bzwdsdudzlo cskzdhbdso(òslrhkloz pouoz ksebnubz wksk {rb osdbnubl noBpknfbhmo {rkdz{rbs wsdnjwdoz eb rnd`djko( bluosno eoz {rkdz bnusbhkkl bzwbsknkz.

Jsbloz {rb k b}wbsdnjdk jdbnu`djk b k edzjrzzo`dhoz`djk sbwsbzbnukl wsbwksko b kerco no jklwoeorusdnsdo( wos{rb k zblbnub pdpk eo wsofsbzzo sbkh(

jol o kwbs`bdoklbnuo eo molbl dnubsdos( wbslk,nbjb noz khdjbsjbz edpdnoz ek Nopk Sbpbhko.

Jrhudpks o bzwdsdudzlo( zbl bzòso bzwdsdurkhdqkn,ub( usojks noujdkz bnusb eodz whknoz ed bsbnubz( zblzdfnd`djkeo zrczuknjdkh nk sbebno mrlknk.

Hdeks jol kzzrnuoz eo jr( zbl pkzoz keb{rkeoz sbjbwo ek bzznjdk jbhbzudkh( klbkks k ocskzkhpkjdondzuk.

Kjbduks k pbsekeb( zbl o ebzbao eb dssked,hk(kuskpz eo wsowzduo dnedpderkh eb zbspdo koz zblb,hmknubz( pkfrbks zbl srlo.

O hkcoskusdo sbzwbdupbh.K kjkebldk nocsb.O ublwho zknuo.K jdnjdk jonpbnjb.K `dhozo`dk bzurek.K ` jonpbsub o molbl ko Cbl Dn`dnduo.Jsbcso sdjo( zbl edsbusdqbz zknud`djknubz woeb

jonerqds edzjsedk.Pbsco wsdlosozo( zbl `rneklbnuoz eb zrchdlk,

o( no khdpdk( nbl zkhpk.Zbnudlbnuo berjkeo b dhrldnkeo( jonureo( lb,

hmosk zblwsb.Sbrndeoz( kzzdl( bl fskneb jonjhkpb eb `skubsnd,

ekeb( {rb oz dsloz eo Cskzdh zb jolwbnbusbl( jkek

pbq lkdz( eo bzwsduo eb zbspdo b sbnrnjdko( eb zo,hdeksdbekeb b conekeb wrsk {rb Abzrz noz hbfor.

O lrneo jonursckeo wbeb( b`budpklbnub( kousknzòslkeosk. Jonzjdbnubz( wosl( eb {rb zb `kqdlwskudjpbh k sbebno eo Uoeo( zbl o crsdhklbn,uo ekz wksubz( rnklo,noz no lbzlo soubdso ebklos( uskckhmo( kr}hdo( berjko( zohdeksdbekeb( pk,hos b zkjsd`jdo {rb jkskjubsdqor k kudureb eo Jsdzuobl jolrnmo jol oz molbnz( zbspdneo b bzwb,skneo o `rurso( bl zbr b}blwho eb kcnbfko( wksk{rb uoeoz zbakloz rl( bl zdnuondk zrchdlb jol oz

ebzfndoz eo Zrwsblo Zbnmos.

-Lbnzkfbl sbjbcdek bl ;5 eb zbublcso eb ;45=( wbho ledrl

@sknjdzjo Jnedeo ]kpdbs( bl Wbeso Hbowoheo( Ldnkz( ebzudnkek

koz dsloz eo Wsdlbdso Jonfsbzzo Nkjdonkh Bzwsduk bl Zo

Wkrho.$

@onub1 Knkdz eo D Jonfsbzzo Cskzdhbdso eb Rnd`djko( sbkhdqkeo

bl Zo Wkrho -ZW$( no wbsoeo eb :; eb orurcso k 2 eb nopbl,

cso eb ;45=( w. :4,5;.


S

Wsbzbnk ebJmdjo ]kpdbs

Bl nolb eo BpknfbhmoWksk {rb uoeoz zbakl rl Abzrz. -Aoo( ;6133.$

Wbho Bzwsduo Bllknrbh



15/44

bs {rb Abzrz ebubsldnorrlk zbnubnk dlwozzpbhwksk zbrz dsloz( ko wso,

wos {rb `zzbloz wbs`bduoz( kzzdljolo wbs`bduo o Wkd {rb bzu nozJrz?

K jolwsbbnzo wso`rnek eo{rb o Lbzusb {rdz edqbs bzu edsb,uklbnub sbhkjdonkek ko {rb zb bn,

ubneb woswbs`bdo. Zb bhk òs kzzd,ldhkek jolo khfo zbl ljrhk( rljonarnuo eb kudurebz kczohruklbn,ub jossbukz( ukhpbq ubnmkloz ebbn`sbnuks lrdukz ed`djrhekebz wkskkhjknks o {rb o Jsdzuo noz wbeb.

@khuk kdnek rlk hksfk jkldnmk,ek ku o zbs mrlkno kudnfds bzzbnpbh eb b}jbhnjdk. Wos dzzo( zbsdkdnubsbzzknub zb( ko dnpz eb zb khksbl wbs`bdo( uskuzzbloz eb uo,

ekz kz wozzdcdhdekebz eb lbhmosdkwsofsbzzdpk k nozzo khjknjb.

wsbjdzo kelduds kz wswsdkzdlwbs`bdbz. [rb zoloz kdnek `k,qbeosbz eb bssoz. [rb k wbs`bdokczohruk no b}dzub( b zdl o khjknjbeb rlk jonedo bpohrudpk bl {rbwkzzkloz k jolwsbbnebs jol kl,whdureb k wbs`bjudcdhdekeb eb Ebrz(

jonòslb kwsbfokl oz Bzwsduoz,,kruosbz eb O Hdpso eoz Bzwsduoz.

[rkneo k jsdkursk no jonzb,frb jonpdpbs bl wkq jol oz ws,wsdoz hdldubz( jossb o sdzjo eb zbwbsebs bl uosno eb wsochblkz eb`rneo wzdjohfdjo. Rl ebhbz kjoneruk oczbzzdpo,jolwrhzdpk.

O oczbzzdpo k{rbhb {rb wbnzk

b sbwbnzk jonzuknublbnub zocsbzrk oczbzzo( zbak bhk {rkh òs. Ojolwrhzdpo zkd eo jklwo eo wbn,zklbnuo b bnusk no ek wsudjk. Bhbno zolbnub `kq( lkz sbwbub kko eb òslk jonzuknub( jolo(wos b}blwho( hkpks kz lozpdnub pbqbz ko edk.

Bzzb udwo eb wbzzok jozur,lk kjsbeduks {rb zb no pk,hbs khfrlk jodzk( no pkhb

nkek. Zb no wbs`bduo( rl`skjkzzo. Ebnusb oruskz wozz,pbdz jkrzkz( dzzo woeb uklclzbs o sbzrhukeo eb rlk wso,fsklko `bduk nk dn`njdk(jol ckzb nk jonpdpnjdkjol wkdz lrduo b}dfbn,ubz( {rb whknbakskl oz`dhmoz wksk zbsbl wbs,`bduoz b zbl lknjmkz.

O wsochblk {rb

o sbzrhukeo `dnkh eo wbs`bjjdondz,lo nrnjk col. ed`jdh bnjon,usks khfrl jol bzzb wbs`dh {rb zbzdnuk zkudz`bduo jol o sbzrhukeo `d,nkh eb khfo {rb `bq. Wksk bhb( o `bd,uo woebsdk zblwsb ubs `djkeo lb,hmos( b bzzk jonzjdnjdk no o ebd,}k zbs dnubfskhlbnub `bhdq.

Wksk lb}bs nk bzusrursk wz,{rdjk eo wbs`bjjdondzuk( wsbjdzo

Oz sdzjoz eowbs`bjjdondzlo

Z

Zbeb wbs`bduoz Y...\. Abzrz. -Lkubrz( 215=.$

JKSHOZ KC SK N J M B Z

K wbzzok

wbs`bjjdondzuk

uosnk,zb

oczbzzdpk

;2Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos ;:



16/44

lreks rlk jsbnk czdjk ebhb( keb {rb zbr pkhos lbedeo wos zbrebzblwbnmo b {rb oz bssoz {rbjolbub edldnrbl k keldsko{rb oz orusoz ul wos bhb.

No `rneo( k kruojocsknk wbhkb`djjdk kczohruk uo `bsoq {rb bhbzb uosnk jonjossbnub zbpbso eb zdlbzlo( b {rkneo jmbfk nbzzb bz,ufdo( `djk ed`jdh {rb no lbsfrhmbnk dnjkwkjdekeb eb zbs uskn{dho beb zb ebzjrhwks wbhoz ebzhdqbz nk,urskdz eb wbzzok dlwbs`bduk( {rb .

No m orusk zkek( zbno k wbz,zok uosnks,zb jonzjdbnub eoz b`bduozwbspbszoz eo jkudpbdso bl {rb zb bn,

pohpbr.Prhnbskcdhdekeb b b}wbsdn,jdkz eb kwsbnedqkeo( bl {rb bssks wbsldudeo( `kqbl wksub eb {rkh,{rbs jon{rdzuk b klkersbjdlbnuo.

Eb kjoseo jol k owdndo ebBllknrbh( Ebrz wbsldudr {rbkz {rbekz efrk b}dzudzzbl wksk{rb wbsjbczzbloz {rknuk òsk bsbnopko woebloz b}uskds ebnozzkz wswsdkz {rbekz. -Jolwk,nmbdso. 3:. be. DEB( jkw. ;3.$

@bhdjdekeb o sbzrhukeo eb rlksbhko zdnjbsk ek wbzzok jol zbrz

ukhbnuoz b wozzdcdhdekebz eb lr,

eknk. Jkek rl e o {rb woeb(jol oz sbjrszoz {rb ubl edzwo,zdo no lolbnuo. O lkdz woebpds wos kjszjdlo( zb òs ek pon,ukeb zrwbsdos( ebzeb {rb oz bl,wbnmoz ek jsdkursk `kposbkl ozbr b o jsbzjdlbnuo ek jolrnd,ekeb k {rb wbsubnjb.

Uoeo bsso `kq wksub eo wso,jbzzo eb kwsbnedqkfbl. O ndjo`skjkzzo dnubfskh k{rbhb jol o{rkh nkek zb kwsbneb. Wos dzzo( ozzcdoz jozurlkl edqbs {rb o jk,ldnmo zb `kq ko jkldnmks( b {rbzbs `bhdq sbzrhukeo eb rl jsbzjd,lbnuo fskerkh( zbfrso b wsofsbz,zdpo( cbl ed`bsbnub ek wbs`bdodnzuknunbk( bl {rb khfrnz kjsb,edukl( lkz {rb nrnjk jonzb,frbl kudnfds.


@bhdjdekeb o sbzrhukeo eb rlk sbhko

zdnjbsk ek wbzzok jol zbrz ukhbnuoz

odz {rb Ebrz wozzrd k wbs`bdo dn`dnduk bl uoekz kz jodzkz( bzukwsowozdo1 Zbeb wbs`bduoz( jolo wbs bduo o pozzo Wkd jbhbz,

udkh( uolkek ko w ek hbusk( wsbzzrwosdk k wozzdcdhdekeb eb kudnfds,,zb k wbs`bdo kczohruk. Zb jsdkursk òzzb ekeo zbs uo wbs`bduk{rknuo o Jsdkeos( uosnks,zb,dk bhk dfrkh k bzub( o {rb dnkeldzzpbh.Lkz( oz molbnz k {rbl Abzrz `khkpk no jolwsbbnebsdkl bzzknrknk( wbho {rb bhb zb hdlduor k hmbz kwsbzbnuks rl loebho b kedqbs,hmbz {rb zb bzòskzzbl wbho khjknks.

K{rbhkz wkhkpskz( wosuknuo( ebpbl bnubnebs,zb no zbnudeo ekwbs`bdo sbhkudpk( k eb {rb k Mrlkndekeb zrzjbupbh b {rb lkdz kkwso}dlk ek Edpdnekeb. Bl {rb jonzdzub bzzk wbs`bdo? Abzrz o edq1Bl klksloz oz nozzoz dndldfoz( bl `kqbsloz o cbl koz {rb nozoebdkl( bl osksloz wbhoz {rb noz wbszbfrbl. Lozusk bhb ebzzbloeo {rb k bzznjdk ek wbs`bdo k jksdekeb nk zrk lkdz klwhkkjbwo( wos{rb dlwhdjk k wsudjk eb uoekz kz oruskz pdsurebz.

Jkskjubsbz ek wbs`bdo

Khhkn Iksebj

@onub1 O bpknfbhmo zbfrneo o bzwdsdudzlo. ;36. be. Sdo eb Aknbds71

@BC( 3776. Jkw. ]PDD( dubl 3.

W

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;513= Wkfb ;0


17/44

fskneb zrjbzzo eb O Hdpsoeoz Bzwsduoz( hknkeo blWksdz no edk ;= eb kcsdh eb

;=26( udsor eo knondlkuo o ldz,zdonsdo bnjkssbfkeo wbhk Wsopd,enjdk Edpdnk eb lkubsdkhdqks bn,usb oz molbnz k wsolbzzk eb Abzrzeb `djks bubsnklbnub jonozjo.

wozzpbh {rb o wswsdo KhhknIksebj zb udpbzzb zrswsbbnedeojol k b}uskosednsdk sbwbsjrzzojkrzkek wos k{rbhb hdpsdnmo eb kwb,nkz ;60 wfdnkz( jrao ub}uo( edzusd,creo bl erkz johrnkz b edpdedeobl 35 jkwurhoz( jonudnmk 27; wbs,frnukz b sbzwozukz( kjsbzjdekz ekznoukz jol {rb o Joed`djkeos kz bn,sd{rbjbr. Kz skqbz eo zrjbzzo? o`kuo eb {rb Y...\ uoekz kz fsknebz

{rbzubz eb lbuk`zdjk b eb loskhkhd bzuo bhrjdekekz ek lknbdsk lkdzzkudz`kusdk9 uoeoz oz fsknebz wso,chblkz khd zo sbzohpdeoz( lbzlok{rbhbz {rb oz lkdz dhrzusbz `dhzo,òz no wrebskl sbzohpbs Y...\.;

nkurskh( wosuknuo( {rb o}duo zrzjdukeo wbhk edprhfkoekz dedkz nopkz wsopojkzzb rlkbn}rsskek eb jksukz edsdfdekz kIksebj( k lkdosdk dnubssofkneo oJoed`djkeos zocsb bzub or k{rbhbwonuo eb eorusdnk( blcosk khfr,lkz hmb sbhkukzzbl oz dnzhduoz

`bnlbnoz bzwsdukz {rb ebzwon,ukpkl bl uoek wksub( b}dfdneok zrk b}whdjko. B( jolo zbno ckzukzzb( o `hr}o jsbzjbnubeb pdzduknubz {rb kjossdkl zrk jkzk( dnjhrzdpb ek nocsbqkhojkh b bzusknfbdsk( knzdkneowos bzjhksbjdlbnuoz lkdz zrcz,uknjdkdz.

K wsdnjwdo sbudjbnubz( ozaosnkdz wksdzdbnzbz jolbk,

skl k pbdjrhks ksudfoz `rsd,crneoz( pbsekebdskz edkusd,cbz jonusk k eorusdnk nkz,jbnub( no worwkneo zb{rbsk monsk b k pdek wsdpkek eoJoed`djkeos( eblonzuskn,eo( bl zrk lkdos wksub(

jolwhbuk dfnosnjdk eoz wozurhk,eoz bzwsdukz jonusk oz {rkdz zbsbcbhkpkl. {rb pdzhrlcskpklrlk nopk osebl eb jodzkz( jkwkq({rbl zkcb( eb `kqbs ebzlosonks owbebzukh bl {rb zb bnusondqkpkl.Jolo Abzrz( o Bzwdsdudzlo pdnmkwsojhklks rlk eorusdnk {rb zo,

hkwkpk wbhk ckzb oz kcrzoz eb {rb

Sbpdzuk BzwsdukHkcoskusdo ebKhhkn Iksebj

;27 knoz+!

;6Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos ;2

OBPKNESO NO H B U O CB Q B SSK

!Jol hdfbdskz loed`djkbz( bzub ksudfo òd

wrchdjkeo osdfdnkhlbnub nk sbpdzuk K

Sbbnjksnko( sfo o djdkh ek @BSFz.

Kno H]]D( n. 53=( 3o zblbzusb eb 3775.

@sonzudzwjdo ek wsdlbdsk

bedo ek Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk

Jkwk

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;513= Wkfb ;6


18/44

pdpdkl oz `ksdzbrz( oz bzjsdckz b oz

zkjbseoubz eb zbr ublwo. Kzzdl(dlwosukpk zdhbnjd,ho o {rknuoknubz no zbr nkzjbeorso( knubz{rb zb wsowkfkzzb b jon{rdzukzzb kwsb`bsnjdk ek wowrhko( a jkn,zkek ekz sbhdfdbz eofludjkz.

Nk{rbhk wojk( k Brsowk zedzwrnmk eb rl ndjo aosnkh eb,edjkeo edprhfko eo Bzwdsdudz,lo( b lbzlo kzzdl bl Fbnbcsk(honfb eo crscrsdnmo eb Wksdz bwskudjklbnub òsk eo khjknjb eozhbduosbz ek Jdekeb Hrq( jonusk,sdklbnub ko {rb ojossdk noz Bz,ukeoz Rndeoz( `kposbjdeoz jolebqbzzbub aosnkdz jonzkfskeoz koBzwdsdurkhdzlo.

@od {rkneo Khhkn Iksebj zb ebrY...\ jonuk ek dlwbsdozk nbjbzzd,ekeb eb jsdks rlk òhmk {rb wb,sdoedjklbnub wrzbzzb oz bzuredo,

zoz eoz `bnlbnoz bzwsdukz k wkseo {rb zb wkzzkpk no lrneo b ozdnzusrzzb eb loeo osebnkeo zo,csb kz lkdz pksdkekz {rbzubzeorusdnsdkz Y...\ k ebzwbduo eb hmb`khuks o ublwo nbjbzzsdo wksk zb,lbhmknub blwsbbnedlbnuo( jon,zdebskneo,zb oz zbrz k`kqbsbz wbz,zokdz( dnjhrzdpb oz pohukeoz wksk kwswsdk zrczdzunjdk.3

K uksb`k no bsk `jdh b dlwhdjk,

pk fkzuoz eb jbsuk fskpdekeb. Kwsdnjwdo Iksebj wsojrsor kh,frl {rb wrebzzb wkusojdnks kocsk( johkcoskneo `dnknjbdsk,lbnub wksk {rb bhk pdbzzb hrq(lkz skqbz wsopdebnjdkdz `dqbskljol {rb no hofskzzb o }duo eb,zbakeo. Lbzlo kzzdl( edq bhb1

Kwsbzzbd,lb k sbedfds o wsd,

lbdso nlbso b `d,ho jdsjrhks k

;o eb aknbdso eb ;=2=( zbl mk,

pbs eduo nkek k {rbl {rbs {rbòzzb. No udnmk rl ndjo kz,

zdnknub b nbnmrl òsnbjbeos

eb `rneoz. Wrchd{rbd,o jossbn,

eo br( b}jhrzdpklbnub( uoeoz

oz sdzjoz b no udpb eb {rb lb

kssbwbnebs( wos{rknuo o sbzrh,

ukeo rhuskwkzzor k ldnmk b},

wbjukudpk. K wksuds ek{rbhk ek,

uk( oz nlbsoz zb zrjbebskl

zbl dnubssrwo b Y...\ bzzb aos,

nkh zb uosnor rl woebsozo

kr}dhdks lbr Y...\.:

Hofo nk Dnusoero eo wsd,lbdso `kzjjrho ek Sbpdzuk Bzwsd,uk( Khhkn Iksebj bzukcbhbjbr jhksk,lbnub kz edsbusdqbz {rb nosubk,sdkl zrk kurko `sbnub ek{rbhbwbsdedjo1

Y...\ jolo nozzo `dl jmbfks pbsekeb( kjohmbsbloz uoekz kz

oczbspkbz {rb noz òsbl edsd,

fdekz b ubnuksbloz( uknuo {rkn,

uo no,ho wbslduk o bzukeo eoz

jonmbjdlbnuoz ke{rdsdeoz( ed,

sdlds kz epdekz b bzjhksbjbs oz

wonuoz kdnek oczjrsoz. Nozzk

Sbpdzuk zbs( kzzdl( rlk usdcr,

nk hdpsb( bl {rb k edzjrzzo ak,

lkdz zb k`kzuks ekz noslkz ek

lkdz bzusduk jonpbndnjdk. Nr,

lk wkhkpsk1 edzjrudsbloz( lkzno edzwruksbloz. Kz dnjonpb,

ndnjdkz eb hdnfrkfbl nrnjk

òskl cokz skqbz koz ohmoz ekz

wbzzokz zbnzkukz Y...\.5

Eo wonuo eb pdzuk ek kwsbzbn,uko( k Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk lknubpbkz jkskjubszudjkz ekz wrchdjkbzjdbnu`djkz9 jdsjrhkpk bnusb zrcz,jsduosbz b k pbnek wchdjk( zblb,hmknub k zbrz johbfkz eo zjrho]D]( bsk `kjrhukudpk eoz hdpsbdsoz beoz bzjsdusdoz wozukdz. Dlwsbzzkbl wkwbh,aosnkh( jonukpk jol :3wfdnkz( jkebsndnmoz eb erkz jo,hrnkz bl odukpk9 zbr uklknmo bskeb 3:(2};2jl( jol wbzo bzudlkeobl usdnuk fsklkz. Kz wfdnkz bzuk,pkl jolwozukz wos {rksbnuk hd,nmkz dlwsbzzkz bl joswo eoqb9

zrk kwsbzbnuko bsk szudjk( joljkwkz eb wkwbh.2

No `dnkh eb jkek kno oz `kzj,jrhoz jossbzwonebnubz bskl sbr,ndeoz( òslkneo rlk johbo ebb}blwhksbz bnjkebsnkeoz( joljkwk bzwbjdkh b nedjb kh`kcudjo. ek sbzwonzkcdhdekeb edsbuk ebKhhkn Iksebj k wrchdjko eb uo,eoz oz `kzjjrhoz( ebzeb o wsd,lbdso( {rb jdsjrhor bl ;o eb ak,

nbdso eb ;=2=( ku o {rb òd ekeok hrlb bl kcsdh eb ;=04( rlk

pbq {rb a zb kjmkpk

;= Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377=;0

Jkwk

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;513= Wkfb ;=


19/44

jolwozuo {rkneo ek ebzbnjks,

nko eo lbzusb( ojossdek no lzknubsdos. Dzuo no zdfnd`djk {rb kubnmk sbedfdeo zoqdnmo( wodz Y...\k Sbpdzuk jonuor jol k johkcosk,o eb jbnubnkz eb wksudjdwknubz(bnjksnkeoz b ebzbnjksnkeoz( `skn,jbzbz b eb oruskz nkbz( ebnusboz {rkdz jdbnudzukz( hdubskuoz( `dh,zoòz( sbhdfdozoz b molbnz eo wo,po( jkek {rkh karekneo k hknks(nk zrk sbzwbjudpk bz`bsk eb ko(oz khdjbsjbz zocsb oz {rkdz zbbsfrbsdk o wosubnuozo bed`jdo eoBzwdsdudzlo.0

[rkneo hknor k Sbpdzuk Bzw,sduk( bl ;=2=( Khhkn Iksebj kdn,ek udnmk wbhk `sbnub k wrchdjkoeb O {rb o Bzwdsdudzlo -;=24$(O Hdpso eoz Ledrnz -;=0;$( OBpknfbhmo zbfrneo o Bzwdsdudzlo

-;=05$( O Jr b o Dn`bsno -;=02$ b

K Fnbzb -;=0=$. Kdnek bzuksdklwos zbs wrchdjkeoz khfrnz owz,jrhoz1 O Bzwdsdudzlo nk zrk b},wsbzzo lkdz zdlwhbz -;=03$( Pdk,fbl Bzwsduk bl ;=03 -;=03$( Sb,zrlo ek hbd eoz bnlbnoz bzwsdukz

-;=05$( Jkskjubsbz ek SbpbhkoBzwsduk -;=0=$( zbl `khks ek Dnz,usro wsudjk ekz lknd`bzukbz

bzwsdukz -;=2=$( hdpso eb lkdoswosub( zrczudureo usz knoz lkdz

ukseb wos O Hdpso eoz Ledrnz(lrduo lkdz kcsknfbnub b lbu,edjo. Bsk uoeo rl jklwo k wbz,{rdzks( dedkz k ebzbnpohpbs b k

klkersbjbs( jonjbduoz k zbsbl

pkhdekeoz wbho jsdusdo dn`khpbhek jonjosenjdk b ek rndpbszkhd,ekeb eo bnzdno eoz Bzwsduoz( kn,ubz eb zbsbl dnjoswoskeoz ko wk,usdlndo ek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk.Mkpdk( wodz( nbjbzzdekeb eb rlhkcoskusdo b}wbsdlbnukh( oneb ur,eo dzuo wrebzzb zbs ubzukeo jolzbfrsknk( zbl koeklbnuo.

Osk( k Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk òd bzzbhkcoskusdo dnbzudlpbh( bzwjdbeb usdcrnk hdpsb( rudhdqkek wosKhhkn Iksebj wksk zoneks k sbkoeoz molbnz b k dlwsbzzo eoz Bz,wsduoz kjbsjk eb ebubsldnkeoz kz,zrnuoz( kdnek mdwouudjoz or lkh,jolwsbbnedeoz( bn{rknuo hmbzkfrksekpk k jon`dslko. B uknuodzuo pbsekeb {rb k lkdosdk ekzdedkz ebzbnpohpdekz nkz ocskz ekJoed`djko oskl bzcokekz wsb,

pdklbnub nk Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk b( kulbzlo( usknzjsdukz hdubskhlbnub(zocsbureo bl O Jr b o Dn`bsno bblK Fnbzb.

dlwosuknub {rb zb ubnmk bllbnub {rb k Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk rlk ocsk zrczdedsdk( jolwhb,lbnuks ek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk b(jolo ukh( ebpb zbs hdek jol bzwsd,uo jsudjo( bzwbjdkhlbnub no {rbjonjbsnb k jbsukz ubosdkz jdbnu`d,

jkz b k khfrlkz owdndbz dzohkekz(eb jksubs `dhoz`djo. Zrk loskh dnkukjpbh( wodz( ckzbkneo,zb nk eoJsdzuo( no zrzjduk erwhk dnubswsb,

uko( wos zbs Y...\ ubssbno oneb

uoeoz oz jrhuoz woebl sbrnds,zb(bzukneksub zoc o {rkh woebl uo,eoz johojks,zb( {rkdz{rbs {rb zb,akl zrkz jsbnkz( wos{rknuo ak,lkdz bhb jonzudurdr lkusdk ekzedzwrukz sbhdfdozkz( {rb zblwsb bwos uoek k wksub zb osdfdnkskl ekz{rbzubz eofludjkz Y...\.6

Wbhkz wswsdkz jkskjubszudjkzjol {rb zb kwsbzbnukpk Aosnkheb Bzureoz Wzdjohfdjoz ( wbhozkzzrnuoz kcosekeoz( sd{rzzdlozbl `kuoz ek `bnolbnohofdk lb,edndjk( b wbhk wozzdcdhdekeb ekzswhdjkz b uswhdjkz k {rb zbrz ks,udfoz ekpkl lksfbl( o bzudho ekSbpdzuk Bzwsduk ( nbjbzzksdklbn,ub( hbpb b kfskepbh( pkqkeo bl hdn,frkfbl zdlwhbz b kjbzzpbh kozno dndjdkeoz( kwsbzbnukneo kzlkusdkz eb òslk jhksk b ocabudpk(

zbl ubsfdpbszkbz eb {rkh{rbsnkursbqk. Bn`dl( k{rbhb lbzlobzudho {rb uknuo kwsbjdkloz nkzocskz czdjkz ek Joed`djko Bz,wsduk( jkwkq eb kfskeks k uoekzkz jklkekz ek zojdbekeb( ebzeb kfbnub mrldheb( {rb uskckhmkpknkz o`djdnkz zrcrscknkz( ku ozdnubhbjurkdz lkdz b}dfbnubz ekksdzuojskjdk wksdzdbnzb.

K cbl ek pbsekeb( k Sbpdzuk

Bzwsduk no udnmk rl wkesobeduosdkh jhksklbnub eb`dndeo.Bl oruskz wkhkpskz( zrkz zbbzbskl lrduo pksdkekz b wos pbqbzzo`sdkl zohro eb jonudnrdek,eb. Bnusbuknuo( no ed`jdh wbs,jbcbs jbsuk rndòsldekeb nkubludjk kcosekek noz ed`bsbnubz`kzjjrhoz( noukeklbnub oz sbhk,jdonkeoz jol oz edukeoz lbed,ndjoz( kz jonpbszkz `kldhdksbz eb

;4Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos ;6

Jkwk



20/44

khl,ulrho( kz edzzbsukbz bz,

wsdukz( kz bpojkbz wksudjrhksbzb kz noukz cdchdofs`djkz( wskud,jklbnub jolrnz k uoeoz bhbz. Kzwobzdkz lbedndjkz uklcl lb,sbjbskl fbnbsozk kjohmdek nkSbpdzuk( no uknuo wbho zbr pkhoseorusdnsdo( lkz jolo wsopk eb{rb oz ledrnz( lbzlo oz lb,noz dnzusreoz( bskl jkwkqbz ebsbjbcbs( eb rl akjuo( wsoerbzeb fskneb `hbfo( jol wbs`bduk oc,zbspnjdk ekz sbfskz ek pbszd`djk,o( kz {rkdz bl nkek ebzlbsb,jdkl kz dhrzusbz wbszonkfbnz {rbkz kzzdnkskl.

Jolo zb uskukpk eb rl wbsd,edjo lbnzkh( lrdukz pbqbz KhhknIksebj usknzjsbpdk ksudfoz b nou,jdkz eb aosnkdz( nkjdonkdz b bzuskn,fbdsoz( zocsb oz lkdz pksdkeoz kz,zrnuoz( ebzbnpohpbneo,oz b jossb,

hkjdonkneo,oz jol oz wozurhkeozbzwsdukz. Dzuo blwsbzukpk Sbpdz,uk rl jksubs eb wbsbnb kurkhdek,eb( debnud`djkneo,k jol oz wso,chblkz b kz wsbojrwkbz ek Wksdzeo Zbfrneo Dlwsdo. Zrdjedo(bwdebldkz( wbnk eb losub( erbhoz(kzzkzzdnkuoz(nkek bzjkwor ksf,jdk eo Joed`djkeos( {rb ebhbz zbkwsopbdukpk wksk bed`djks oz hbduo,sbz( wos lbdo eb jolbnusdoz ar,

edjdozoz b owosurnoz. [rknuozBzwsduoz ebzbnjksnkeoz `osklbpojkeoz k wksuds eb sb`bsnjdkzb}uskekz eoz aosnkdz( csdnekneooz hbduosbz ek Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk jolo ubzublrnmo ek zrk wswsdkb}wbsdnjdk+ Lrduoz ebukhmbz ebuoek osebl( ku bnuo dndlkfdn,pbdz zocsb k pdek eb khl,ulrho kdnek no edzwnmkloz ekzocskz eb Knes Hrdq oskl sbpb,

hkeoz dnowdnkeklbnub wos bzzbz

sbwsubsbz eo lrneo bzwdsdurkh bbzuklwkeoz no Aosnkh eb BzureozWzdjohfdjoz eb Khhkn Iksebj.

K Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk wb k nr kdnudldekeb eo Joed`djkeos eo Bz,wdsdudzlo( no,ho sbpbhkneo ukh {rkhzb lozuskpk bl zrk pdek wsdpk,ek( sbkh( pbsekebdsk( krunudjk(zbl hkdpoz eb zknudekeb b zbl zbk`kzuks eo jolrl eoz losukdz.Wodz aklkdz zb edzzb or zb dlwzjolo ldzzdonsdo( jolo wsbebz,udnkeo eb rlk Sbpbhko {rb( zblbhb( no jmbfksdk koz ebzbsekeozek Ubssk9 zkcdk {rb oz ebzfndozedpdnoz no zb kzzbnukl nk jk,cbk eb rl molbl9 bzukpk( bn,`dl( jonpdjuo eb {rb k EorusdnkBzwsduk no bsk ebhb( lkz eozBzwsduoz( bzzkz fsknebz poqbz eozJrz {rb( noz ublwoz wsbeduoz(

pdnmkl sbzukcbhbjbs uoekz kz jod,zkz( Y...\ edzzdwks kz usbpkz( jon,`rneds oz osfrhmozoz b fhosd`djksoz arzuoz.=

No kno eo zbz{rdjbnubnsdoeo hknklbnuo ek Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk(nkek lkdz arzuo eo {rb jonmbjbsk khlk eb Khhkn Iksebj( foqks ebzrk dnudldekeb( kjolwknmks wkz,zo k wkzzo k lksjmk eo Bzwdsdudz,lo nkzjbnub( kz ed djrhekebz nk

zrk dlwhknuko( kz hrukz {rb ubpbeb pbnjbs k `dl eb `dnjks kz ckhd,qkz eb rlkNopk Bsk wksk k sbfb,nbsko ek Mrlkndekeb. B bzzkbwowdk zbl wks( bzzk uskabusdkkeldspbh( bzjsduk bl jkskjubsbzdssbjrzpbdz( bzu uoek dnubdsk nkzwfdnkz ek Sbpdzuk Bzwsduk( nbzzkjohbunbk eb eoqb pohrlbz( wk,usdlndo dnkhdbnpbh eoz bzwsd,ukz eo lrneo dnubdso( {rb lbsb,

jb zbs hdek( lbedukek b klkek(

jolo ureo {rb zkdr ek wbnk ek,{rbhb {rb sbnkzjbr nk @sknkY...\ koz : eb orurcso eb ;=75(jol k zkfskek ldzzo eb kcsdsjkldnmo ko Bzwdsdudzlo( k fskn,eb poq eo Jonzohkeos wsolbudeoko lrneo wbhk ldzbsdjsedk ebAbzrz,Jsdzuo.4

Sb`bsnjdkz1;VKNURDH( Qrz9 UMDBZBN( @sknjdzjo.

Khhkn Iksebj1 wbz{rdzk cdocdchdofs`djk b

bnzkdoz eb dnubswsbuko. p. DD. 5. be. Sdo

eb Aknbdso1 @BC( ;440. Jkw. ;( dubl 6(

w. =; b =:.3IKSEBJ( Khhkn. Sbpdzuk bzwsduk1 aosnkh

eb bzureoz wzdjohfdjoz. Kno D -;=2=$. 5.

be. Sdo eb Aknbdso1 @BC( 3772. Kwsbzbn,

uko ek @BC( w. ;:.:______. Ocskz wzurlkz. 57. be. Sdo eb

Aknbdso1 @BC( 3776. Zbfrnek wksub( K ld,

nmk wsdlbdsk dndjdko no Bzwdsdudzlo(w. :30.5______. Sbpdzuk bzwsduk1 aosnkh eb bzur,

eoz wzdjohfdjoz. Kno D. Aknbdso eb ;=2=.

5. be. Sdo eb Aknbdso1 @BC( 3772. Dnuso,

ero( w. 3:,35.2CKSSBSK( @hosbnudno. Wsonursdo jsudjo

ekz ocskz eb Khhkn Iksebj. Uskero eb

Ekpde Jkwksbhhd. Zo Wkrho1 Lkeskz Beduo,

sk( 377:. w. ;56.0IKSEBJ( Khhkn. Sbpdzuk bzwsduk1 aosnkh

eb bzureoz wzdjohfdjoz. Kno D -;=2=$. 5.

be. Sdo eb Aknbdso1 @BC( 3772. Kwsbzbn,

uko ek @BC( w. ;2.6______. O bpknfbhmo zbfrneo o bzwdsd,

udzlo. ;36. be. Sdo eb Aknbdso1 @BC( 3776.

Dnusoero( dubl D( w. 3:.=Debl( dcdebl. Wsb`jdo( w. 3;.

4]KPDBS( @sknjdzjo J. K jkldnmo ek hrq.

Wbho Bzwsduo Bllknrbh. :0. be. Sdo eb

Aknbdso1 @BC( 3776. Jkw. ]]DD( dubl Khhkn

Iksebj( w. ;45.

37 Sb`oslkeos Aknbdso 377=;=

Jkwk



21/44

Bzwbsknk

3;Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos ;4

Bz`hoskneo oBpknfbhmoWbho Bzwsduo Bllknrbh

bzwbsknk k hrq eo jsdzuo.

Nbl uoeoz jonzbfrbl( wos bn{rknuo( o po zrchdlb ek `( lkz k òsk

ek bzwbsknk ubzorso jolrl.

Nbl uoeoz woebl o`bsbjbs( {rkneo {rbsbl( o wo eo joswo b k hdo bzwdsdurkh(

lkz ndnfrl nk Ubssk bzu dlwbedeo eb bzwkhmks oz cbnb`jdoz ek bzwbsknk.

K eos jozurlk kfduks oz {rb zb bnjonuskl no pkhb ek zolcsk b ek losub( oneb

o lbeo bzukcbhbjb kusduoz b oneb k k`hdo wbsjbcb o sknfbs eb ebnubz( nkz usbpkz

b}ubsdosbz( lkz b}dzub k hrq dnubsdos {rb k bzwbsknk.

K nbfko mrlknk ebjhksk `khnjdkz( hkpsk kubzukeoz eb dlwozzdcdhdekeb( uskkdnb}usdjpbdz hkcdsdnuoz( no bnuknuo( k bzwbsknk pbl eb jdlk( lknbdsk eo Zoh {rb

dhrldnk eo khuo b khdlbnuk kz zblbnubdskz nopkz( ebzwbsuk wsowzduoz ed`bsbnubz(

jsdk loed`djkbz sbebnuoskz b ebzjbssk pdzbz lkdz khukz.

K nodub bzwbsk o edk( k `hos o `sruo( o pbslb o wospds... O molbl( kdnek lbzlo

{rb zb lbsfrhmb nk ebzjsbnk or nk epdek( nk hfsdlk or nk edhkjbsko( zbs

zojossdeo wos Ebrz jol k dnedjko eo `rurso.

Abzrz( nk jonedo eb Lbzusb Edpdno( zkcb {rb oz kwsbnedqbz nbl zblwsb woeb,

so kjbsuks dnubdsklbnub( {rb oz bssoz zo wswsdoz ek bzjohk bpohrudpk b( wos dzuo

lbzlo( k bzwbsknk rl eoz jnudjoz zrchdlbz eo zbr Bpknfbhmo eb Klos.Dlbnzkz ul zdeo( ku moab( kz nozzkz {rbekz( lkz k jon`dknk eo Jsdzuo zbl,

wsb lkdos. No noz wbsjkloz bl hklbnukbz. Uoeo lolbnuo dnzuknub eb orpds

K{rbhb {rb wsonrnjdor o Pdneb k ldl...

Hbpknublo,noz b wsozzdfkloz( jonpdjuoz eb {rb o Zbnmos noz o`bsbjbr k hrq ek

bzwbsknk( k `dl eb kjbnebsloz bl nz lbzloz k hrq ek zknud`djko bzwdsdurkh.

K

@onub1 ]KPDBS( @sknjdzjo J. Pdnmk eb hrq. Be. bzwbjdkh. Sdo eb Aknbdso1 @BC( 3772. Jkw. 62( w. ;02,;00.

Wos{rb ureo {rb eknubz òd bzjsduo( wksk nozzo bnzdno òd bzjsduo( wksk

{rb wbhk wkjdnjdk b jonzohko ekz Bzjsdurskz ubnmkloz bzwbsknk.

WKRHO. -SOLKNOZ( ;215.$

bòslkeos Aknbdso 377= , k.{}w 3:/;/377= ;5134 Wkfb 3;


22/44

K Jkzk eb Dzlkbh( no Sdo eb Ak,nbdso( kjohmbr( bl 37 eb orurcso(jbsjk eb :77 kebwuoz( {rb khd kjos,sbskl wksk o zbldnsdo k jksfo ebJbjhdk Sojmk( pdjb,wsbzdebnub ek@bebsko Bzwsduk Cskzdhbdsk -@BC$(bl uosno eo ublk Wbhoz Jkld,nmoz ek Bpknfbhdqko( jolwoneokdnek k Lbzk eoz uskckhmoz oz jon,`skebz Khozdo Fmdffdno b Eksjt Nb,pbz Losbdsk( edsbuosbz sbzwbjudpk,

lbnub ek sbk eb Rnd`djko b eksbk eb Berjko Bzwsduk eo Jon,zbhmo Bzwsduk eo Bzukeo eo Sdo ebAknbdso -JBBSA$.

Kwodkek bl zrk honfk b bjrnekkudpdekeb no jklwo ek bpknfbhdqk,o ek dn`njdk b ek arpbnureb( Jb,

jhdk Sojmk jonerqdr k uoeoz( jolzdlwhdjdekeb b wso`rnedekeb( wbhozjkldnmoz {rb hbpkl k khlk mrlknkk rlk eb zrkz lkdz cbhkz jon{rdzukz1k berjko noz wsdnjwdoz eo Bpkn,fbhmo hrq ek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk.

Kzzrnuoz jolo1 Ckzbz dhoz d,jo,eorusdnsdkz ek BpknfbhdqkoBzwsduk9 Dlwosunjdk ek sbbnjks,

nko no wsojbzzo berjkudpo9 Ckzbzeo wsofsklk eb Bpknfbhdqko Bz,wsduk9 Jrssjrho eb Bnzdno9 b Bpkn,fbhdqko Bzwsduk nk wsbwksko ekZojdbekeb eo Lrneo eb Sbfbnbsk,o( usor}bskl( nk wkhkpsk hrbnubb kfskepbh eb Jbjhdk Sojmk( hdbzowosurnkz wsdnjdwkhlbnub k rl

fskneb nlbso eb bpknfbhdqkeosbzwsbzbnubz( ekneo( wos jonzb{n,jdk( bnzbao k edpbszkz {rbzubz {rb(`oslrhkekz b}wozduosk( sbzrhuk,skl bl zhdeoz bzjhksbjdlbnuoz.

Khl eoz ocabudpoz bzwbj`djoz(eb`dndeoz wksk o zbldnsdo( pdzor,zb(jol o bnjonuso( bzudlrhks k rsfbnubuksb`k eb bpknfbhdqko eb jsdknkz b

aopbnz jolo ocabuo wsdlosedkh nkwsofsklko eb kudpdekebz eb uoekzkz jkzkz bzwsdukz( uknuo no Bzukeoeo Sdo eb Aknbdso jolo no Wkz.

@od( zbl epdek khfrlk( lkdzrl cbho sruo ek bhdq wksjbsdk bn,usb k @BC b o JBBSA( {rb zb pblebzbnpohpbneo ko honfo eo jos,sbnub kno( {rkneo zb molbnkfbdko Zbz{rdjbnubnsdo ek wrchdjkoeb O Hdpso eoz Bzwsduoz.

ZbldnsdoWbhoz Jkldnmoz ek

Bpknfbhdqko nk @BC,Sdo

Jbjhdk Sojmk `khkko wchdjo

Kzwbjuo wksjdkh eo wchdjo nk Zbeb Zbjjdonkh ek Kp. Wkzzoz

b`oslkeos aknbdso 377= , c.{}w 3:/;/377= ;51:7 Wkfb 33


23/44

jkwurho PDD( eb O Bpkn,fbhmo zbfrneo o Bzwdsdudz,lo( `khk,noz ek nbjbzzd,

ekeb eb zbsloz zdlwhbz eb joskob mrldhebz eb bzwsduo( zbneo wsb,

`bspbh o dfnosknub( wozzrdeos ebz,zkz {rkhdekebz( ko zcdo {rb lkdzjs bl zd eo {rb bl Ebrz.;

Zo osdbnukbz pkhdozkz b {rbcrzjkl noz zbnzdcdhdqks wksk khfo`rneklbnukh1 o eb {rb no ebpb,loz ubs nbnmrlk wsbubnzo zr,wbsdosdekeb or dn`khdcdhdekeb. Kwsowzduo( b}whdjk Khhkn Iksebj{rb Abzrz uolk rlk jsdknk jo,lo udwo ek zdlwhdjdekeb eb josk,

o(3 k`dslkneo koz zbrz edzjwr,hoz {rb zbs lkdos no sbdno eozjrz k{rbhb {rb zb mrldhmks b zb`dqbs wb{rbno jolo rlk jsdknk.3

Ed`jdh( wosl( k jolwsbbnzoebzzbz wsbjbduoz eb jolo noz uos,nks wocsbz eb bzwsduo( wksk pbnjbs,loz o molbl osfrhmozo {rb kdnekzoloz. Eb {rb lknbdsk kwhdjks( nojoudedkno( bzzbz bnzdnklbnuoz {rbnoz wozzdcdhdukl k jon{rdzuk eb pk,

hosbz bzwdsdurkdz( lbzlo {rb ub,nmkloz( nk wsbzbnub bnjksnko(worjkz jonedbz wksk dzzo?

K wks ebzzb wsochblk oz Cbn`bd,uosbz bzwdsdurkdz crzjkl bzjhksbjbs,

,noz( zbspdneo,zb eb ksfrlbnuoz bz,wbjdkhlbnub rudhdqkeoz nk dnubswsb,uko eb zdurkbz( sbkdz b dlkfdn,sdkz( k wksuds eb b}blwhoz sdjoz b pk,sdkeoz( {rb wbsldubl( `kjdhlbnub( jsdknk(ko aopbl b ko kerhuo( k kzzd,ldhko eb jonjbduoz( ubsdjoz b ws,udjoz( {rb ubnmkl o lbzlo zbnudeo.

O `dhzoò Jmkl Wbsbhlkn-;4;3,;4=5$ rudhdqk k sbusdjk ksdz,uouhdjk wksk `rneklbnuks jbsukz

ujndjkz edzjrszdpkz b wsowb k Ubo,sdk ek Ksfrlbnuko jolo ksub ebwbszrkeds kz wbzzokz wksk {rb woz,zkl jolwsbbnebs o {rb bzu zbn,eo usknzldudeo. Debnud`djk bzuk no,pk sbusdjk jolo k ubosdk fbskh eoedzjrszo wbszrkzdpo( {rb pdzk fk,nmks k kebzo( uknuo dnubhbjurkhjolo bloudpk( eb rlk or psdkzwbzzokz. Bl zbrz bzureoz ebzukjk{rb k rudhdqko eb rl jbsuo nlb,

so eb b}blwhoz( ek lbzlk nkursb,qk( no woeb ebd}ks epdek khfrlkno bzwsduo eo hbduosb hmb wbsldububs dedk jhksk b lkdz kcsknfbnubeb jolo dnubswsbuks( nk wsudjk( kz

osdbnukbz jonjbdurkdz b ubsdjkzeb jbsuoz jonmbjdlbnuoz.:

Ek lbzlk òslk( fskkz k bzzbksud`jdo eb hdnfrkfbl( wksbjbskczohruklbnub nkurskh( koz kruo,sbz bzwdsdurkdz( zbspdsbl,zb eb lo,ebhoz b lbuòskz {rb òsnbklb}blwhoz pkhdozoz b {rb dhrzusblpdpnjdkz( k wksuds ek ebzjsdo ebjkzoz dnubsbzzknubz( {rb bzubaklsbhkjdonkeoz bnusb zd b {rb `kjdhd,

ubl nozzo bnubnedlbnuo eb jolokfds no b}bsjjdo edsdo wksk k{rd,zdo eb {rkhdekebz loskdz {rbebloskloz bl ke{rdsds.

Zocsb k wsudjk ek mrldhekeb(ebzukjkloz( bzwbjdkhlbnub( erkzmdzusdkz bhkcoskekz eb òslk sb,usdjk zdlwhbz( eb oneb zb jonzb,frb b}uskds b}jbhbnubz b`bduoz lo,skdz ekz lbnzkfbnz {rb zkhdbn,ukl zocsb o wkwbh bzzbnjdkh ebzzk

Hdbz wsudjkz

uoekz kz dekebzeb mrldhekeb wksk

O

Cbl,kpbnurskeoz oz wocsbz eb bzwsduo( wodz {rb ebhbz o sbdno eoz jrz.

-Lkubrz( 21:.$

JH K SK H D H K FO NQ KH BQ E B KSK A O

3:Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos 3;

bòslkeos aknbdso 377= , c.{}w 3:/;/377= ;51:7 Wkfb 3:


24/44

pdsureb or bl nozzkz pdekz. Kwsb,

zbnuklo,hkz(sbzrldeklbnub(k zbfrds.K wsdlbdsk ebhkz eo Bzwsduo

Dslo ] b ubl jolo uurho Ocrsso lknjo.5 K mdzusdk( eo bzud,lkeo bzjsduos bzwdsdurkh( wkzzk,zbbl rl Jbnuso Bzwsduk. Bl sbz,wozuk z dnekfkbz eb khfrnz usk,ckhmkeosbz eb kudpdekebz lbed,ndjkz( ekek wos rl eoz Lbnuosbzbzwdsdurkdz ek Jkzk( Dslo Frzuk,po( nksskeo o zbfrdnub bwdzedo1

Jbsuo ledjo( eo dnubsdos eb ZoWkrho(ek jdekeb eb Sdcbdso Wsbuo(no dnjdo eo zjrho ]]( nbjbzzduor`kqbs rlk pdkfbl wksk k jdekebpdqdnmk( eb Zo Aok{rdl ek Ckssk(wodz h bzukpk rlk zbnmosk( zrkwkjdbnub( wsbzubz k eks hrq. Nbz,zb ublwo Yjonuk o nksskeos\(kz pdk,fbnz eb jksso bskl lrduo skskz bo kndlkh eb zbhk

bsk o nozzo lb,hmos pbjrho. Dn`b,hdqlbnub( kopdzduks orusowkj dbnub (bl rl z,udo edzukn,

ub ek jdekeb oneb sbzdedk( zbr jk,

pkho keobjbr b o ledjo kwsbzzor,,zb bl wsojrsks oruso kndlkh {rbhmb wbsldudzzb zojossbs k zbnmosk.Edsdfdr,zb wsojrsk eb rl wso,wsdbusdo eb b}jbhbnubz kndlkdz( k{rbl jonmbjdk.Bnusbuknuo( o kld,fo dnòslor,o eb {rb z wozzrkjkpkhoz skcbz( eb dlbnzo pkhos( bno woedk jonjoseks bl johoj,,hoz nk bzuskek jol k ocsdfko ebzbspds k jkpkhbdsoz. Sbjossb( bnuo(o ledjo( k oruso kldfo( {rb ukl,cl khbfor wozzrds lknfk,hksfkzeb wrso zknfrb b khuo wsbo( b nowoebsdk wsbaredj,hoz johojkneo,oznk bzuskek. O ledjo( a ebzkndlk,eo( hblcsor,zb eb rl eb zbrz wk,jdbnubz( eb nolb Uondjo Abndwkwo(molbl zdlwhbz( {rb wozzrk wb,{rbnk wsowsdbekeb( b òd wsojrs,,ho bl zrk mrldheb jkzk. Uondjo

no ubpb epdek b usor}b eo {rdn,ukh rl kzno kssbwdkeo b o kwsbzbn,uor ko Eoruos1 Y...\ bzub crsso lknjo b hbseo( lkz( zb bhb zbspb...Zbl lkdz jonpbszk( o kndlkh òdkssbkeo b( kfbnukneo bzwosk bukjk( usowbkneo b lkn{rduohkn,eo( o crsso johojor o ledjo nkzsrkz eb Zo Aok{rdl( wksk o eb,

zblwbnmo eo zbr ebpbs( k {rbkubnebr jol kczohruo }duo.

K mdzusdk sb`hbub k wsbojrwk,o eb Dslo ] bl lozusks kohbduos k nbjbzzdekeb eb sbjos,sbsloz z jodzkz lkdz zdlwhbz(fbskhlbnub no pkhosdqkekz({rb lrdukz pbqbz wbsldublbnjonusks kz zohrbz lkdz b`d,jkqbz. K hdo( usknzldudek wb,hk nksskudpk( hbpk,noz k wbnzkszocsb k nozzk wswsdk joneruk1o crssdjo( nbzzb jkzo( uosnk,zb

zlcoho eb mrldhekeb( ocbednjdk

b edzjdwhdnk(b jonusdcrd wksk k sbk,hdqko eb uksb`k uo nocsb( jolo keb hbpks o ledjo ko zbr ebzudnok `dl eb zojossbs zrk wkjdbnub. Kobnkhubjbs o hdldukeo kndlkh( o kr,uos ebzukjk k dlwosunjdk eo usk,ckhmo `bduo wos bhb( jolwkskneo,okoz orusoz kndlkdz eb lonuksdk(jonzdebskeoz zkrepbdz( fkscozoz bjksoz( lkz wburhknubz b bn`kurkeoz(zbl nkek `kqbsbl eb cbn`djo. Dzzoeblonzusk {rb o osfrhmo no zochdubsk jbsukz dnubhdfnjdkz jolo kzdlwozzdcdhduk eb wskudjks o cbl.

K zbfrnek mdzusdk( bl hdpso dn,`knudh( jonukek wbho Bzwsduo NbdoHjdo -3776$( b zbr uurho( O Crssoeb Jksfk(2 ubl sbhko jol k wsd,lbdsk nksskudpk( kzzblbhmkneo,zboz eodz jonuoz bl edpbszoz wonuoz.Nkssk( o jdukeo Bzwsduo( {rb no

ublwo bl {rb no mkpdk kruol,pbdz( nk jojmbdsk eb rl wkhjdo sbkhrl crsso eb jksfk( eb who lkh,uskukeo b jol rnekz jdjkusdqbz noholco( eb ohmks usdzuonmo b mr,ldheb( zbnudk dlbnzk klksfrskwbhk òslk jolo bsk uskukeo woszbrz jolwknmbdsoz eb loskedk.Bsk mrldhmkeo wbhoz eblkdz b{d,noz( {rb dnjbzzknublbnub o lkh,uskukpkl jol qolcksdkz b jmkjo,

ukz. Khd mkpdk jkpkhoz keldskeozwos uoek fbnub( bzwbjdkhlbnub wkskkz jossdekz( b ku rl arlbnuo bz,wknmoh {rb fbskhlbnub no sbjo,nmbjdk o crsso jolo rl wksbnubws}dlo( jmklkneo,o eb `skjo bdnudh. O dnòsurnkeo kzno sbjbcdkoz zksjkzloz sbzdfnkeklbnub.

Jbsuo edk( o sbd zohdjduor ko jmb,`b ekz jkpkhksdkz1 Wsbjdzo eb rlkndlkh wksk rlk uksb`k eb fskneb


bòslkeos aknbdso 377= , c.{}w 3:/;/377= ;51:; Wkfb 35


25/44

sbzwonzkcdhdekeb. [rbso {rb

bhb zbak ejdh b berjkeo( {rb lb,sbk ldnmk kczohruk jon`dknk.O jkpkhksdo( bl sbzwozuk ko zo,cbskno( kwsbzzor,zb bl zbhbjdonksrl col kndlkh b o`bsbjbr,hmb1 ojkpkho eb skk skcb9 o wouso ebhdnmkfbl dnfhbzk9 o jkpkho mnfk,so9 b o arlbnuo cbl uskukeo. O sbdk uoeoz sbjmkor(kpkhdkneo,oz jo,lo dnzrcldzzoz( dssb{rdbuoz( csk,pdoz( lknmozoz( zbl berjko( bno zbspdsdkl wksk hbpks( bl nolbebhb( rlk jksfk wsbjdozk {rb zbsdkbnpdkek bl honfk pdkfbl. O crssoeb jksfk( bnuo( òd uskqdeo k wbed,eo eo zocbskno( {rb lkneor kakb,q,ho jol kz kslkz eb zrk JkzkSbkh b jon`dor,hmb( jksdnmozklbn,ub( o `dhmo( kdnek jsdknk( wksk zbsjkssbfkeo wbho mrldheb kndlkh.

Nk owdndo eb Nbdo Hjdo Y...\

zolbnub noz wsbzukl zbspdoz ebrudhdekeb sbkh k{rbhbz {rb a kwsbn,ebskl k zrwosuks( zbspds b zo`sbs(zbl jofduks eb zd lbzloz.0

Kz erkz mdzusdkz zo wksbjdekz(bl jbsuoz kzwbjuoz( b ebzukjkl( bz,wbjdkhlbnub( oz b}blwhoz usknzld,udeoz wbhoz wocsbz kndlkdz( jolok noz osdbnuks wksk k nbjbzzdekeb ebke{rdsdsloz mrldhekeb {rkh `sr,uo eb rlk wbszbpbsknub jon{rdzuk b

eb jbsuo bzukeo eb bhbpko ek khlk1k{rbhbz {rb kfbl mrldheblbnubzo ebzwdeoz eb osfrhmo b pkdek,eb( sbjonmbjbl {rb ureo ebpbl kEbrz b( nkek wozzrdneo eb zd lbz,loz( jkssbfkl zbrz kseoz bl lbdoz dnasdkz b wbszbfrdbz( jon`dkn,eo( wosl( nk Wsopdenjdk Edpdnk.

Dn`bhdqlbnub( wksk lrduk fbnub(k loskh jsdzu no wkzzk ek bz`bskeo bnubnedlbnuo( ek sbfdo wrsk,

lbnub lbnukh9 aklkdz kudnfb ozbnudlbnuo( k qonk eo josko.

Edq o Bzwsduo Pdnjdrz -;464${rb1

O osfrhmo( zoc zbrz kzwbjuoz

lrhudòslbz( k fskneb wbesk

eb usowbo ek Mrlkndekeb.

Y...\ Ek k osdfbl eb uoeoz ozkusduoz( edzzedoz b oedozdekebz

{rb lknul oz molbnz bl kud,

ureb eb lurkz mozudhdekebz.6

Abzrz ebr,noz oz lkdosbz b lkdzzdfnd`djkudpoz b}blwhoz eb mrldhek,eb( bnzdnkneo,noz {rb no woz,zpbh bpohrds zbl wozzrds mrldhek,eb eb bzwsduo.Bl rlk eb zrkz wkz,zkfbnz( sbfdzuskekz wbhoz bpknfbhdz,

ukz Lkubrz -3;1;,;;$9 Lksjoz -;;1;,,;;$ b Hrjkz -;413=,55$( o lknzoNkqksbno bnusk bl Absrzkhl lon,ukeo bl rl arlbnudnmo( sbwsb,zbnukneo k jbnk o bnkhubjdlbnuoek zknuk mrldhekeb {rb kcsknek bwrsd`djk oz joskbz( ebzkslk oz wo,ebsozoz b òsukhbjb oz {rb zrwosuklkz dnbpdupbdz wsopkz b b}wdkbz kzbsbl pdpdekz bl zrkz b}wbsdn,jdkz sbbnjksnkusdkz.

Nozzoz Lbnuosbz bzwdsdurkdz(wos lbdo eb zdlwhbz nksskudpkz(b},wsbzzkl( eb òslk ukhbnuozk( wkskuoekz kz dekebz( kz ebhdjkekz hdbzeb klos {rb dhrldnkl nozzkzlbnubz b noz kcsbl oz jkldnmozekz pdsurebz( oz {rkdz z woeblzbs wbshrzuskeoz wbhoz pbsekebdsk,

lbnub mrldhebz.

Sb`bsnjdkz1; b 3IKSEBJ( Khhkn. O bpknfbhmo zbfrneo

o bzwdsdudzlo. 35. be. eb cohzo. Sdo eb Ak,

nbdso1 @BC( 3776. Jkw. PDD( dubnz 3 b 0.:WBSBHLKN( Jmkl. O dlwsdo sbusdjo.

Wosuo -Wosurfkh$1 Bedbz Kzk( ;44:. w. 2,

,;;9 ;;4,;30.5]KPDBS( @sknjdzjo J. Bzuknub ek pdek.

Wbho Bzwsduo Dslo ]. 0. be. Sdo eb Aknbd,

so1 @BC( 3770. Jkw. 35( w. ;;3.2 ______. O crsso eb jksfk. Johbo1 K

Pdek @khk. Wbho Bzwsduo Nbdo Hjdo. Osfk,

ndqkeo wos Srub Pdbdsk Sdcbdso. Sdo eb Ak,

nbdso1 @BC( 3776.0______. Khposkek jsdzu. Wbho Bzwsduo

Nbdo Hjdo. ;5. be. Sdo eb Aknbdso1 @BC(

3776. Jkw. ;7( w. 2;.6PDNJDRZ. Bl uosno eo lbzusb. 5. be. Sdo

eb Aknbdso1 @BC( ;464. Mrldhebz eb bzw,

sduo( w. ;27.

Jkwkz eoz hdpsozjdukeoz wbhk kruosk

32Ak nb ds o 377 = Sbòslkeos 3:



26/44

wosurfrz Aoo eb Csduo(orZo Aoo eb Csduo -;056,,;04:$( pbnbspbh prhuo eo

Jsdzudkndzlo( zbfrdr oz jkldnmozeb Wkrho eb Ukszo. @od fskneb ed,prhfkeos ek lbnzkfbl jsdzu nkzdk. Jonpbsubr lrhudebz jolzrk conekeb b ebedjko koz pkho,sbz eo Bpknfbhmo.

Lossbr ebjkwdukeo nk jdekeb

eb Rsfrs( nk nedk( oneb wsbfkpko Bpknfbhmo. [rkneo hmb jolr,ndjkskl k b}bjro( khbfsor,zb(wos{rb dsdk lossbs k zbspdo ebAbzrz. B}wdsor uskn{dhklbnub(sbnebneo fskkz k Ebrz wbhk mon,sk eb ubzublrnmks zrk jsbnk.

jonzkfskeo jolo o wkusonoeoz wdonbdsoz( k{rbhbz {rb ebz,cskpkl mosdqonubz( {rb bn`sbn,ukl o ebzjonmbjdeo bl `kpos eo

wsofsbzzo mrlkno.No hdpso @khkneo Ubssk( wos

Bzwsduoz edpbszoz( wzdjofsk`dk eb@sknjdzjo Jnedeo ]kpdbs( bedo@BC( m rlk lbnzkfbl ebhb( {rbusknzjsbpo( rlk zrswsbbnebnub bnoupbh edzzbsuko k sbzwbduo eoKlos1

O Klos( zrchdlb dlwrhzo eb Ebrz( k bnbsfdk {rb lopb oz lrneoz1

Ureo jsdk( ureo usknz`oslk( ur,eo bhbpk.

Wkhwduk bl uoekz kz jsdkurskz.Khdlbnuk uoekz kz kbz.O edo o Klos {rb zb bnpbnbnk.K wkd}o o Klos {rb zb dn,

jbnebdk.

O bfozlo o Klos {rb zb jon,jbnusk bl zd lbzlo.

O jdlb o Klos {rb zb edhkjbsk.K sbpohuk o Klos {rb zb usknzpdk.O osfrhmo o Klos {rb bnhor,

{rbjb.K edzjsedk o Klos {rb edpdeb.

K pkdekeb o Klos {rb zb dhreb.K kpksbqk o Klos {rb zb

bnjksjbsk.O pjdo o Klos {rb zb

blcsrubjb.K jsrbhekeb o Klos {rb udskndqk.O `knkudzlo o Klos {rb

wbusd`djk.K `skubsndekeb o Klos {rb zb

b}wkneb.

K conekeb o Klos {rb zbebzbnpohpb.

O jksdnmo o Klos {rb zb bn`hosk.K ebedjko o Klos {rb zb

bzubneb.O uskckhmo edfno o Klos {rb

zb kwsdlosk.K b}wbsdnjdk o Klos {rb

klkersbjb.K sbnnjdk o Klos {rb zb

dhrldnk.

O zkjsd`jdo o Klos {rb zbzknud`djk.

O Klos o jhdlk eo Rndpbszo. k sbhdfdo ek pdek( k ckzb eo

bzulrho b k `osk ek Jsdko.Ko zbr dn`hr}o( kz pdekz zb

kfsrwkl( zrchdlkneo,zb wksk kdlosukhdekeb.

Nbzzb or nk{rbhb sbjknuo dzohk,eo( {rkneo zb hmb sbudsb k dn`hrn,jdk( sbdnk zblwsb o jkoz.

K bnbsfdkedpdnkO

SD J M K SE Z D L O N B U U D

Jkwk eo hdpso @khkneo Ubssk(bedukeo wbhk @BC




27/44

Jol bhb( ureo zb kjhksk.

Honfb ebhb( k zolcsk zb jokfrhkb wsbpkhbjb.

Bl zrlk( o cbl o Klos {rb zbebzeocsk( bl crzjk ek Wbs`bdo noDn`dnduo( zbfrneo oz Wsowzduoz Ed,pdnoz9 b o lkh ( zdlwhbzlbnub( oKlos òsk ek Hbd.

Dlkfdnbloz o Klos jolozbneo k bhbusdjdekeb eo Rndpbszo(k lopbs oz lrneoz b zrzubnuks ozzbsbz.

Woebloz rudhdq,hk wksk o Cblor wksk o Lkh( ebwbnebneo ebjolo k usknzòslkloz( lohekn,eo,k( eb jonòsldekeb jol noz,zkz ubnenjdkz b dlwrhzoz.

Zb k sbwsbzkloz or lkh rudhdqk,loz( jolwsolbubloz nozzk bzukcd,hdekeb b noz mkcdhdukloz k eohosozkz

b}wbsdnjdkz( jolo rlk jkzk onebrl jrsuo,jdsjrduo nk dnzukhko bh,usdjk wsopojk dnjnedo ebpkzukeos.

eb zb pbs zb nozzoz lkhbz( noz,zkz knfzudkz( no zbso k lbskjonzb{njdk eo Klos usknzpdkeo.

[rkneo knkhdzkloz bzzb lksk,pdhmozo ub}uo( bnubnebloz wos{rb Abzrz wsojhklor -Lkubrz(

331:5,57$ {rb k Hbd b oz Wso`bukz(ureo o {rb bzu no Pbhmo Ubzuk,lbnuo woeb zbs sbzrldeo blerkz kudurebz `rneklbnukdz1

O Klos k Ebrz kjdlk eb uoekzkz jodzkz b ko ws}dlo jolo k nzlbzloz.

No ebzeocsklbnuo eb zbr kwoz,uohkeo( noz zbrz zkjsd`jdoz( nk zrk

sbnnjdk( noz zbrz b}blwhoz( o

Lbzusb òd uoeo Klos.Wos Klos ebd}or kz sbfdbz

jbhbzubz b lbsfrhmor nk lkusdkebnzk.

Wos Klos( woebneo nkzjbs blwkhjdo( wsb`bsdr rlk bzusbcksdk( k`dl eb bzuks lkdz wbsuo eoz zo`sb,eosbz eb uoeoz oz lkudqbz.

Wos Klos jrsor lrhudebz eblkhbz eo joswo b ek khlk.

Wos Klos bnzdnor b sbdubsor(dnjknzkpbhlbnub( zrkz hdbz( loz,uskneo oz jkldnmoz wksk Ebrz.

Wos Klos jolwkebjbr,zb eozwbjkeosbz eb uoeoz oz lkudqbz(bnzdnkneo {rb ndnfrl ubl o ed,sbduo eb kudsks k wsdlbdsk wbesk(wos{rb no m ndnfrl zbl wb,jkeo nk Ubssk.

Wos Klos sbhbpor kz pkjdhkbzeoz wswsdoz edzjwrhoz b no ebd,

}or eb klwks,hoz( lbzlo eb,wodz eb zbs kckneonkeo wos bhbz.

Wos Klos( nk jsrq(jbsjkeo wbhk lrhud,eo dnjonzb{bnub

{rb o kfsbedk jol dlwsowsdoz(

wbedr k Ebrz {rb k uoeoz wbs,eokzzb( wos{rknuo no zkcdkl o{rb bzukpkl `kqbneo.

Wos dzzo o Lbnuos bzwdsdurkh{rb kzzdzudk Iksebj( nk wsbwkskoeb O Hdpso eoz Bzwsduoz( wsojhklk(nk {rbzuo 032( {rb Abzrz k lkdos`dfrsk ek Mrlkndekeb.

Bl O Bpknfbhmo zbfrneo o Bz,wdsdudzlo( jkwurho PD( dubl 2( edqo Bzwsduo eb Pbsekeb1

Bzwsdukz( klkd,poz( bzub o wsd,lbdso bnzdnklbnuo9 dnzusr,poz( bz,ub o zbfrneo.

Bzwsduoz zrwbsdosbz( jolo Aooeb Csduo( a jon{rdzukskl o Klosbl whbndureb. K jkwkjdekeb eb jk,

nkhdq,ho wksk o Cbl hmbz dnkuk.Nz orusoz( dndjdknubz no kzzrnuo(


O klos k Ebrzkjdlk eb uoekzkz jodzkz b kows}dlo jolo knz lbzloz



28/44

hdekloz lrduo lkh jol bhb b kjk,

ckloz noz jolwsolbubneo.Ek k nbjbzzdekeb eb crzjks

dnzusro. jol o jonmbjdlbn,uo {rb dsbloz kwsbnebneo k jk,nkhdqks k bnbsfdk eo Klos wkskkz sbkhdqkbz lkdz nocsbz( zblebzpdoz.

O ub}uo eb Aoo eb Csduo csd,hmksdk bl {rkh{rbs lknrkh ebcbl pdpbs.

Ebzuk{rb bzwbjdkh wksk k k`ds,lkudpk1

K `skubsndekeb o Klos {rb zbb}wkneb.

Edskloz o Klos {rb jonuk,fdk( {rb zbnzdcdhdqk( {rb usknzòs,lk( {rb jonpbsub.

Rlk ekz b}wbsdnjdkz mrlk,nkz lkdz cbhkz b jolopbnubz {rb

udpb k `bhdjdekeb eb pbs( nk ubhb,pdzo( bzukpk pdnjrhkek k rlklbnzkfbl dnzudurjdonkh zocsb k`skubsndekeb.

Uskuk,zb ek mdzusdk eb rl keo,hbzjbnub sbcbheb {rb wkzzor wospsdkz dnzudurdbz jossbjdonkdz(zblwsb ekneo lrduo uskckhmo.

Rlk zbnmosk edzwz,zb k kjo,hm,ho bl zbr hks( o`bsbjbneo,hmb kowosurndekeb eb rlk pdek nopk(

ebjbnub b edfnk.Bhb hofo kwsonuor. Kcsdr uoekz

kz uosnbdskz ek jkzk {rkneo bhk zbkrzbnuor( wsopojkneo wb{rbnkdnrneko.

B}uskpkzkpk( dsskjdonkhlbnub(kz wbsursckbz {rb o ebzosdbn,ukpkl( zbl zb{rbs jofduks eb{rb zbsdk sblbudeo eb pohuk krlk ek{rbhkz dnzudurdbz {rboedkpk.

Wksk zrk zrswsbzk( ko uolks jo,

nmbjdlbnuo eoz bzuskfoz wsoerqd,eoz( k zbnmosk kwbnkz o kcskorjol jksdnmo( edqbneo1

Km+ Lbr `dhmo( {rknuo lkhhmb `dqbskl+

K wksuds ekhd bhb òd orusk wbz,zok. Moab jonjbdurkeo wso`bzzos{rb jrdek eb keohbzjbnubz sbcbh,ebz( blwsbfkneo o lbzlo sbjrs,zo {rb k zbnmosk rzor jol bhb okcbnokeo Klos {rb zb b}wknebnk `skubsndekeb( jkwkq eb jol,wsbbnebs b kareks.

M lrduo k kwsbnebs( mkcdhd,ukneo,noz k aklkdz sbwsbzks or

lkh rudhdqks k bnbsfdk edpdnk noz

ebzpdoz eo bfozlo.Jknkhdqkneo,k no blwbnmo

eo Cbl( kjbnebsbloz hrqbz konozzo sbeos( k dhrldnks kz wbz,zokz b k nz lbzloz( sbkhdqkneo,,noz jolo `dhmoz pbsekebdsoz ebEbrz.

Bn{rknuo no o dqbsloz( bzuk,sbloz ebzjrlwsdneo k ponukebeb Ebrz b noz jknedekukneo k dn,jrszbz wbhoz eolndoz eo ebzkud,no( eo pjdo( ek dssbzwonzkcdhdek,eb( noz ebzpdoz eo lkh( o Klosòsk ek hbd( jolo edq zkcdklbnubAoo eb Csduo.

3= Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377=30

Ebzbnjksnor bl Cbho Mosdqonub -LF$( no edk ;: eb nopblcso eb

3776( o jon`skeb Monsdo Ono`sb eb Kcsbr( ebedjkeo uskckhmkeos eo

Lopdlbnuo Bzwsduk ldnbdso. Eb jksubs nocsb b loebzuo( zrk pdek

òd wkrukek bl edprhfks b pdpbnjdks o Bpknfbhmo eb Abzrz( zbfrneo o

bnubnedlbnuo bzwsduk. Ojrwkpk o jksfo eb wsbzdebnub ek Rndo

Bzwsduk Ldnbdsk -RBL$( bl zbfrneo lknekuo( oneb sbkhdqor wso`,

jrkz kudpdekebz( b o eb wsbzdebnub eo Jonzbhmo eo Mozwdukh Bzwsduk

Knes Hrdq( {rkneo ojossbr k zrk ebzbnjksnko. Edsdfdr o Fsrwo

Bzwsduk Bllknrbh( {rb jolwhbuor jdn{bnuk knoz eb b}dzunjdk blorurcso wkzzkeo( no {rkh dlwhknuor o Bzureo Dnubswsbukudpo eo

Bpknfbhmo Hrq ek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk o uskckhmo eb zrk pdek ( {rb

knkhdzk k lbnzkfbl jsdzu( pbszjrho k pbszjrho. Bzub uskckhmo sbzrh,

uor nk wrchdjko eo hdpso Hrq Dlwbsbjpbh( zoc zrk joosebnko( rl

òjo dsskedkeos eb jhksdekebz bpknfhdjkz dnubswsbukekz zoc o bnò{rb

eo Bzwdsdudzlo. Johkcosor nk bhkcosko ek kwozudhk Bnzdnoz b Wks,

cohkz eb Abzrz( eo Jrszo Kwso`rnekeo ek Eorusdnk Bzwsduk( ek

@bebsko Bzwsduk Cskzdhbdsk -@BC$.

Ko nocsb jon`skeb Monsdo( bl zbr sbuosno Wusdk Bzwdsdurkh(

sofkloz kz cnoz eb Abzrz.

Sbuosno Wusdk Bzwdsdurkh

Monsdo Ono`sb eb Kcsbr

bòslkeos aknbdso 377= , c.{}w 3:/;/377= ;51:; Wkfb 3=


29/44

kdz wkhkpskz( jolrnz nozhdpsoz eb kruo,karek( zo`sb{bnublbnub jdukekz bl

wkhbzuskz b wrchdjkbz bzwsdukz(noz edkz kurkdz. K klwhk hdcbskhd,ekeb eb rzo nbl zblwsb zb sb,pbzub eoz jrdekeoz {rb o jossbuobnubnedlbnuo eb jkek b}wsbzzob}dfb( wsoerqdneo,zb( bl jonzb,{njdk( b{rpojoz eb dnubswsbuk,o eoz wozurhkeoz bzwsdukz( {rkn,eo ojossbl kzzojdkbz bssnbkz.Wksk zb ubs rlk dedk ek ed`djrh,ekeb eb sbhkjdonks ukdz jonjbduoz

koz bnzdnoz bzwsdukz( sbfdzuskloz{rb o pbscbub jonzjdnjdk( wosb}blwho( kwsbzbnuk {rdnqb dnubs,wsbukbz ed`bsbnubz no Edjdon,sdo Morkdzz.;

K Lbedjdnk bnzdnk {rb jonz,jdnjdk3(: o zbnudeo nudlo or kwbsjbwo jsudjk eb zd lbzlo{rknuo ko {rb jbsuo( bsskeo( orskqopbh. Ebzzk òslk( o dnedp,ero jonerq k zrk b}dzunjdk wos

lbdo eb wkesbz eb joneruk b wosarqoz eb pkhos.K wkhkpsk jonzjdn,jdk no zdnndlk eb jonzjdbnub(

jrao zbnudeo oruso1 bzukeo lbn,ukh or jonzjdbnub( wksub or edpdzoeo wzd{rdzlo {rb ebubsldnk kkubno b k wbsjbwo dlbedkukz(bl jonuskwozdo jol o zrcjonz,jdbnub b o dnjonzjdbnub.

Wksk o zbnzo jolrl( jonzjdn,jdk o sbjrszo nudlo wsbzbnub nozbs mrlkno {rb hmb wbsldub jo,nmbjbs o lrneo b kz wbzzokz. K@dhozo`dk( bnusbuknuo( kwsbzbnuk

jonjbdurko edpbszk1

O rzo `dhoz`djo ebzzb ubslo

ubl worjo or nkek k pbs jol o

zdfnd`djkeo jolrl Y...\. O zdf,

nd`djkeo {rb bzzb ubslo ubl nk

`dhozo`dk loebsnk b jonublwo,

snbk( blcosk wsbzzrwonmk fb,

nbsdjklbnub bzzk kjbwo jo,

lrl( lrduo jolwhb}o1 o eb

rlk sbhko ek khlk jonzdfo

lbzlk( eb rlk sbhko dnusn,

zbjk ko molbl( dnubsdos or

bzwdsdurkh( wbhk {rkh bhb woeb

jonmbjbs,zb eb loeo dlbedkuo bwsdpdhbfdkeo b wos dzzo arhfks,zb

eb òslk zbfrsk b dn`khpbh. Usk,

uk,zb( wosuknuo( eb rlk noo

bl {rb o kzwbjuo loskh k woz,

zdcdhdekeb eb kruoarhfks,zb ubl

jonb}bz bzusbdukz jol o kzwbj,

uo ubsdjo( k wozzdcdhdekeb eb jo,

nmbjbs,zb eb loeo edsbuo b dn,

`khpbh. Y...\ Wosuknuo( o ubslo

Jonzjdnjdk Y...\ zdfnd`djk no

z {rkhdekeb eb bzuks jdbnub ebzbrz wswsdoz jonubeoz wz{rd,

joz -wbsjbwbz b}ubsnkz or kuoz

krunoloz eo Bzwsduo$( lkz k

kudureb eb sbuosno wksk zd lbz,

lo( ek dnekfko pohukek wksk

k bz`bsk eb dnubsdosdekeb.5

Hon Ebndz jonzdebsk jonz,jdnjdk no z jolo Y...\ k `kjrh,ekeb eb wbsjbcbs( lkz uklcl o


U

Bl edk jol o Bzwdsdudzlo

Jonzjdnjdk( jonzjdbnub(

kruojonzjdnjdk bkruojonmbjdlbnuoLKSUK KN U R N B Z LO R SK

bòslkeos aknbdso 377= , c.{}w 3:/;/377= ;51:3 Wkfb 34


30/44

zbnudlbnuo {rb ubloz eb pdpbs(

kfds( wbnzks( {rbsbs Y...\.2 Bzjhk,sbjb( dfrkhlbnub( {rb o ebzbn,pohpdlbnuo ek jonzjdnjdk fsk,erkh( zbfrneo bzuk zb{njdk1zbnzkbz( zbnudlbnuoz( jkwkjd,ekeb dnubhbjurkh( loskhdekeb.2

Bllknrbh bnubneb {rb jonz,jdnjdk `kfrhmk edpdnk( ndjkjkwkq eb ebzbnpohpbs k kruojonz,jdnjdk b o kruojonmbjdlbnuo1

Nk mdzusdk eb uoeoz oz wopoz(

oczbspk,zb k ubnenjdk sbhdfdozk

ek Mrlkndekeb9 {rb bl uoek

wbszonkhdekeb b}dzub rlk `kfr,

hmk edpdnk k jonzjdnjdk( {rb

bzubsboudwk bl jkek Bzwsduo k

fsknebqk b k zrchdldekeb eb zrk

osdfbl9 no blcsdo( k wsdnjwdo

sreb nkz zrkz lbnosbz lknd`bz,

ukbz( k jonzjdnjdk zb pkd ebz,

wdneo eoz prz eb dlwbs`bdo bcsrubqk {rb k soebdkl( ebckd}o

ek dn`hrnjdk eb lrdukz pdekz eo

zbr jdjho bpohrudpo( bl ed`bsbn,

ubz jsjrhoz eb b}dzunjdk( ku {rb

kudnak k whbndureb eo kwbs`bd,

oklbnuo wz{rdjo b o jonmbjd,

lbnuo dnubfskh eo zbr wswsdo

br( {rb( bnuo( zb rnds ko jbn,

uso jsdkeos eo Rndpbszo(no {rkh

zb bnjonuskl uoekz kz jkrzkz

sbrndekz b eb oneb dsskedks ozbr woblk bubsno eb zkcbeosdk

b klos.

k jonzjdnjdk( jbnubhmk eb hrq

edpdnk( {rb `kq nkzjbs bl jkek

dnedpderkhdekeb k dedk ek pbs,

ekeb( sbhkudpklbnub koz wsochb,

lkz bzwdsdurkdz( `kqbneo,hmb

zbnuds k sbkhdekeb wozdudpk ek

pdek dlosukh( kusdcruo eb uoeoz

oz zbsbz ek jsdko.0

K kruojonzjdnjdk Y...\ ubl zdf,

nd`djkeo b mdzusdk ed`bsbnubz ebjonzjdnjdk. Nk sbkhdekeb no zdf,nd`djk jonzjdnjdk eb zd( no zbnud,eo eb jofndo Y...\ {rb o molblubnmk eoz zbrz kuoz or eb zrkzlknd`bzukbz( wbsjbwbz( buj.(uklworjo zdfnd`djkneo sbuosno sbkhdekeb dnubsdos Y...\9 k jonz,jdnjdk {rb ubl eb zd rl Wsdnj,wdo dn`dnduo YBzwsduo dlosukh\(jonedo eb uoek k sbkhdekeb.6 Bz,uredozoz eo kzzrnuo dnòslkl{rb wbhk jon{rdzuk ek kruojonz,jdnjdk o dnedpero ebzbnpohpb okruojonusohb b kwsbneb k bn}bsfkskz wbzzokz b oz kjonubjdlbnuoz nojonub}uo eo sbkh( no eo dlkfdnk,eo. B}whdjkl( dfrkhlbnub( {rb wbhkkruojonzjdnjdk kwsbneb,zb k debn,ud`djks rlk dnòslko -`kuo ordedk$9 bnubnebs zbr sbkh zdfnd`djk,

eo b rudhdq,hk eb kjoseo jol kzosebnkbz ek udjk b ek loskh.Zbfrneo Aoknnk eb nfbhdz m

jsdusdoz wksk k k{rdzdo b o kwbs,`bdoklbnuo ek kruojonzjdnjdk1

lbedek {rb o zbs klkersbjb

wzdjohofdjklbnub( woebneo edz,

jbsnds o {rb ebpb b woeb `kqbs

bl sbhko ko {rb woeb( lkz

no ebpb or ebpb( wosl no

woeb sbkhdqks( zrsfb k kruojonz,jdnjdk {rb o wsbedzwb ko jsbz,

jdlbnuo dnubsdos hdpsb eb jon`hd,

uoz b usdcrhkbz.

....................................................

Bzzb wsojbzzo eblknek ublwo b

b}wbsdnjdk( lbedknub oz {rkdz

zo kpkhdkekz kz wsowozukz eo

jonmbjdlbnuo b kz nbjbzzdekebz

eo zbnudlbnuo.

....................................................

K kruojonzjdnjdk ebzpbhk sb,

jrszoz dnbzfoupbdz {rb wbslk,nbjbl keoslbjdeoz( kfrksekn,

eo o lolbnuo mcdh wksk lknd,

`bzuks,zb. zblbhmknub ko kfsk,

epbh jkhos {rb `kq ebzkcsojmks

k pdek( klkersbjbs oz `sruoz b

khbfsks oz joskbz kwz dnpbs,

ndk ebloskek b ebzusrudpk.=

O ebzbnpohpdlbnuo ek kruo,jonzjdnjdk ebzbnjkebdk o kruojo,nmbjdlbnuo( zdurko {rb wsolo,pb k zkeb b k hdcbsekeb eo Bzw,sduo( zbfrneo bzjhksbjdlbnuoz ebWhkuo( Zwdnoqk b Befks Loskn(pkhbneo,zb ek zbnubnk keoukek wosZjskubz1 jonmbjb,ub k ud lbzlo.Jonureo( o dnedpero z dndjdk(b`budpklbnub( o wsojbzzo eb kruo,jonmbjdlbnuo {rkneo ke{rdsbwhbnk jonpdjo eb {rb rl Bz,

wsduo bubsno( jsdkeo wos Ebrz(wsbb}dzubnub b zocsbpdpbnub los,ub eo joswo `zdjo. Zbneo kzzdl( ozlkubsdkhdzukz ul ed`djrhekeb wkskbnubnebs b ebzbnpohpbs k kruo,jonzjdnjdk b o kruojonmbjdlbn,uo( rlk pbq {rb dfnoskl( ebzjo,nmbjbl or sbwbhbl k dedk ekb}dzunjdk b zocsbpdpnjdk eo Bz,wsduo. Kz zrkz b}wbsdnjdkz eb kr,uojonmbjdlbnuo zo eb zrwbs`jdb(

wsdnjdwkhlbnub zb rneklbnukekzbl luoeoz ubskwrudjoz {rb ebz,jonzdebskl k dlosukhdekeb eo zbsb k sbkhdekeb bzwdsdurkh.

M rlk wso`rzo eb ub}uoz bzw,sdukz kurkhlbnub( zocsbureo nk dn,ubsnbu( lkz uklcl wrchdjkeoz blwbsdedjoz b hdpsoz( {rb( k ebzwbduoeb zbsbl dlwsbfnkeoz wos rlkkrsk eb dnopko( karnukl( nk pbs,ekeb(jonjbduoz osdrneoz eb edpbszkz

:7 Sbòslkeos Aknbdso 377=3=

bòslkeos aknbdso 377= , c.{}w 3:/;/377= ;51:3 Wkfb :7


31/44

`onubz eo zkcbs mrlkno( jolo

nrlk johjmk eb sbukhmoz1 ek Lb,edjdnk -dnjhrzdpb ek wzd{rdkusdk bek wz

reformador janeiro / 2008 (revista espírita)

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