) -2005 77

ng, gifla

Ir6t m~t

~nh me

, ,,' .

DAI LOAN -IIONG HONG -MACAO. .

TlNHH1NHNGHleNcOOVANHOCDAILOAN.

TAl TRUNGou6eDAI LUe. . .

cac nha

van hQche't phaiva tinh,? vam van

gchunghe binh

.? m dti<;lc

thi phai, la phaiva phai

l~i, tacg"mau

c khongc phAm

T heo da cai cach md cita, ttiduy cua ngtidi Trung Qu6cciing dtt<;lcd6i moi, van hQc

Dai Loan dB.dlln dlln trd nen quen thuQcd6i voi dQcgia cua Trung Qu6c D~i l\lc.Lich sit, kinh te', XB.hQi va van hQcngh~thu~t Dai Loan dtt<;lcd~ c~p thtidngxuyen tren cac bao hang ngay, cac t~pchi "Thu ho?ch", "Dttdng d~i", "Haihi~p", "Hoa thanh", "Trttdng giang","Nhan dan van hQc", "Van hQc Thti<;lngHai", "Van hQc Phuc Kie'n" v.v... Ngoaira con co hai t~p chi chuyen dang tacphAm va nghien cuu v~ van hQc DaiLoan - Hang Kong nhtt "Dai Cang vanhQc tuy~n san" va "Sang tan". Glin 40nha xu6t ban nhti Nha xu6t ban Nhan

dan van hQc, Nha xu6t ban Phat thanh,Nha xu6t ban Kboa hQcxa hQi,Nha xu6tban Nhan dan Phuc Kie'n, Nha xu6t banQuang Tay v.v... da Mn Itt<;ltin nhungtac phAm cua cac nha van Dai Loan vanha van g6c Hoa t~i hai ngo~i. Nhflngtrao ltiu van hQc tren van dan Dai Loantu dllu th~p ky 20 de'n nay, bao gam ti~uthuye't, thd ca, tan van, kich cua glln 200nha van Dai Loan Mn Itt<;ltdtt<;lcgioithi~u voi dQc gia dong dao d D~i l\lc.Nhung tuy~n t~p tac phAm cua cac nha

~i nh ting

!moicua

I ky moi.I[" nhting~vftn cotua cach

II.khong

van hQct ly lu~n

pt, thie't~et Nam

Le Huy

Lt BUYTItU*

van tieu bi~u dtt<;lCin nhtt "Quynh Daotac phAm t~p", "Tam Mao tac phAm t~p","Dtidng Quy tac phAm t~p", "Ngo Duc

Lttu ti~u thuye't tuy~n", "Chung Ly Hoati~u thuye't tuy~n", "Trlln Anh Chan ti~uthuye't tuy~n", "Hoang Xuan Minh ti~u

thuye't tuy~n", "Hai Tang" (tuy~n t~pti~u thuye't cua Vttdng Thac), "Dai Loan

d~t s~" (tuy~n t~p ti~u thuye't cua Nhie'pHoa Linh), "Tuy~n t~p ti~u thuye't Trlln

Nhti<;lcHi", "Tuy~n t~p ti~u thuye't cuaTrtidng H~ Qu6c", truy~n dai "Kim Lang

tit m6t rai" cua Nhie'p Hoa Linh, "L~ith6y cay CQ, l?i th6y cay cQ", "Khaonghi~m", "Tam nhan hanh" cua Vu Le

Hoa, "Ba khuc hat cua ngttdi Dai Loan"cua Chung Tri~u Chinh v.v...

NhiIng tac ph~rn tren dtt<;lc gioi

thi~u d D:;J.il\lc, da thuc d~y s1;igiao hiuvan hoa giua hai bd bi ngan cach tu 3,

4 th~p ky nay. Khi thAy hai tac ph~m"Dai Loan d~t s1;i"va "Dau xanh, daohang" cua rninh dtt<;lcin tren D?i l\lc,

nha van Nhiep Hoa Linh noi: "S1;ixuAt

hi~n cua hai tac ph~rn d trong D:;J.i.l\lcla gid phut carn dQng nhAt trong ddisang tac cua toi". Vu Le Hoa thAy sang

PGS. Van h9C

78 NGHItN ciru TRUNGQu6c so 4(62) - 2005 TInhI-tacoph~m "Lli\i thfiy cay cq, lli\i th~y cay

cq" cua minh dUQc de'n voi dQc gia Dli\ih,lc, noi: "Toi vui suong hdn ca lfin dfiu

dUQc in d Dai Loan". Khi th~y ti~uthuye't cua minh dUQctai ban d Dli\i h,lc,nha van Bli\ch Tien Dftng vie't thu cho

bli\n, noi: "Se co mQt ngay wi trd lli\i quehUdng, ndi da san sinh ra ti~u thuye'tHoa Kieu Vinh ky".

D6ng thdi voi vi~c in tac ph~m,

nghi€m cuu van hqc Dai Loan cling dUQctri~n khai voi quy mo Ion. Trong th~p ky80, cac bao va tli\P chi trong ca mioc

Trung Qu6c bao g6m tli\P chi khoa hqccua cac tntdng dli\i hQc da Mn lUQt gioithi~u, t6ng thu~t, binh lu~n len Wi hangnghin bai. Tu nam 1982 de'n 1984 da t6chuc nhieu CU9Ch9i thao mang tinh to~mqu6c ve van hQc Dai Loan va H6ng Kong.Cac h9i thao d~ c~p de'n tinh hinh, di~nmliJ.o,khuynh huong van hQc dlidng dliJ.i

Dai Loan d~c bi~t chli trQng de'n hai

dong "Van hQc hlidng th6" va "Van hQchi~n dliJ.i",hai khuynh hliong tieu bi~u

cua van hQc Dai Loan. Hi~n nay, van hQcDai Loan da dliQc dlia vao chlidng trinh

giang dliJ.yd m9t so' trlidng dliJ.ihQc d h,lcdia, Tu nam 1981 trd di, DliJ.ihQc PhlicDan, DliJ.ihQc Trung Sdn, DliJ.ihQc KiNam da md chuyen de ve van hQc DaiLoan. Sau d6 glln 20 trlidng dliJ.ihQc nhliDliJ.ihQc Lan Chau, DliJ.ihQc Tu Xuyen,

DliJ.ihQc Biic Kinh, DliJ.ihQc Lieu Ninhv.v... cling md chuyen de van hQc DaiLoan ho~c dlia van hQc Dai Loan vao

chlidng trinh dliJ.ytrong lich sli van hQchi~n dliJ.iva dlidng dliJ.iTrung Qu6c. M9t

s6trlidng nhli dliJ.ihQc Ki Nam, DliJ.i'hQcHIiJ.Man va Sd nghien cuu Van hQc thu9C

Vi~n Khoa hQc Xa hQi tlnh Phlic Kie'ncan thanh l~p phong Nghien cuu van hQc

Dai Loan va H6ng Kong d~ nghien cuu

mQt cach toan di~n hdn, chuyen sau hdn.

Llic dllu nglidi ta chi gioi thi~u CU9C

ddi va tac ph~m cua tung nha van ho~c

gioi thi~u tli tlidng, ngh~ thu~t cua m9t

tac ph~m nao do. Nhung nam glln day,

di~n nghien cuu da dli<;1Cmd r9ng, t~m

miit cua cac nha nghien cuu da ph6ng

nhin xa: S\i phat tri~n cua trao lliu van

ngh~, s\i di~n bie'n cua cac trlidng phai

ngh~ thu~t, ti~u thuye't, thd ca, tan van,

hi kich, di~n anh va cac th~ lOliJ.ikhac

deu trd thanh d6i tli<;1ngnghien cuu. C6

nhung bai vie't di sau vao nghien cuu

qua trinh phat tri~n tli tlidng sang tac

cua nha van; c6 bai d~t m9t nha van vao

trong tie'n trinh lich sli phat tri~n cua

van hQc Dai Loan, chi ra dia vi va anh

hlidng cua hQ d trong lich sli van hQc; c6

bai vie't d\ia tren cd Sd tli li~u da tim

dli<;1c,ban Wi CU9Cdilu tranh giua cac

trlidng phai van hQc, d~ng Um ra quy

lu~t cd ban cua s\i phat tri~n van hQc

Dai Loan trong mily th~p ky qua. D~c

bi~t c6 nhieu bai ban ve hai dong ti~u

thuye't "Hlidng th6"(1)va ti~u thuye't hi~n

dliJ.ichu nghia.

Nhung bai nghien cuu nay do di sau,

di~n r9ng, mang tinh khai quat cao va c6

gia tri hQc thu~t, nen dli<;1ccac nha van,hQc gia DliJ.ih,lc, Dai Loan va nlioc ngoai

danh gia cao. M9t so' gia nglidi H6ng

Kong da cam khai n6i ding: "Nhin lliJ.i

H6ng Kong, thily rilt it hQc gia nghiencuu toan di~n ti~u thuye't Dai Loan. Tu

d6 moi thily s\i n6 l\ic quy bau cua cac

hQc gia DliJ.ih,lc".

Tuy vi~c gioi thi~u van hQc Dai Loan

d Trung Qu6c dliJ.il\lc da dliJ.tdli<;1Cm9t so'

thanh

de phaDue

Dai Lonhungtrinh (

hon ml

1) V

d9. ViDuongla co tLchi mo:

chu yeicon the

dU<;Jcbl

hQc thi

ph~m <:

dU<;Jcto,

Loan,

2) V~

hQcpMnghia cj

hQc "Ht

dliJ.ichuco van .

van hQc

van hQq

van ho~miit tin~

Nha va~

nhieu t~

trudng .cua hQ I

khuynh

cling th~sli. Vi

vua vie'~'

ti~u th

thuye't

T~p va .

2) . 2005

hien cuusau hdn.

i~u cUQcvan ho~ccua mQt

g~n day,Qng, t~mii ph6nghiu van

dng phai, tan van,lo~i khac

cuu. C6hien cuu

sang tacvan vao

tri~n cua

vi va anh-n hQc;c6

,u dii timgiua cac

m ra quy

van hQcqua. D~c

. dong ti~uIhuye'thi~n

[

do di sau,t cao va c6

Ic nha van,IIniacngoai

[gt:ldiH6ngI "Nhin l~i

.a nghien:iLoan. Tu, ? ,au cua cac

Dai Loan

\:l<;lcmQt so

TInh hinh nghien coo van hQcI)ai Loan... 79

thanh t1;lu, nhung vftn con khong it v~n

d~ phai ban nhu:

Dudng nhien vi~c gioi thi~u van hQcDai Loan d h;lCdia tuy thanh t1;lukha IOn

nhung vftn la buoc dfiu. Muon nang caotrinh dQ hQc thu~t len cfin phai n6 l1;lchdn nua.

1) V~ so lu<;lng ma n6i la con c6 mucdQ. Vi d1;1chi c6 mQt so nha van nhuDudng Quy, Chung Ly Hoa, Ngo Luu...la c6 tuy~n t~p con mQt so nha van khacchi moi gioi thi~u mQt vai tac ph~m vachu ye'u dung d gioi thi~u ti~u thuye't,

con thd tan van, kich chua gioi thi~udu<;lcbao nhieu, ly lu~n va tu li~u van

hQc thi qua it oi. Chi b&ng vao mQt so tacph~m dB. in d D:;ii I1;1Cthi kho ma hi~u

dU<;lctoan bQ di~n m:;io cua van hQc DaiLoan.

2) Van hQc Dai Loan la mQt n~n van

hQc phuc t:;ip. Co van hQc hi~n th1;lcchu

nghia cung c6 van hQc sieu th1;lc; c6 van

hQc "Hudng th6" cung co van hQc hi~n

d:;ii chu nghia; co van hQc yeu nuoc cung

co van hQc chong cQng; ngoai ra con co

van hQc ai tinh uot at, van hQc V1;1an,

van hQc thong t1;1c,van hQc kie'm hi~p,

van hQc giai tri v.v... Cfin phai c6 con

mAt tinh ddi moi phan bi~t du<;lcr:;ich roi.

Nha van Dai Loan cung r~t phuc t:;ip. Co

nhi~u trudng phai khac nhau, cung mQt

trudng phai nhung canh ngQ va sang tac

cua hQ l:;ii khong giong nhau, th~m chi

khuynh huang sang tac cua mQt nha van

cung thay d6i theo s1;lbie'n thien cua Jich

s11. Vi d1;1nha van Quach Y Dong, ong

vua vie't ti~u thuye't chong CQng vua vie't

ti~u thuye't tinh yeu, vua vie't ca ti~u

thuye't phe phan hi~n th1;lc Dai Loan.

T~p van cua ong c6 du giQng "hi nQ ti~u

ma", cham bie'm du lo:;ii nglidi, tu quan

de'n dan ong khong chua ai ca. L:;ti vi d1;1

nha van Chu Tay Ninh cung dB. tung

vie't' nhung bai van chong CQng, nhung

sau d6 ong hoi h~n cho r&ng nhung tac

ph~m ~y "d~u la r~t ~u tri, da phfin la ho

kh~u hi~u chu khong phai la sang tac

van hQc", sau nay ong dB.d6i chi huang,muon sang tac "ghi l:;ii cUQc song cua

nglidi dudng d:;ii, d~ cho con chau sau

nay bie't dU<;ICt6 tien hQ dB. tUng song

nhu the' nao tren manh d~t nay". Ti~u

thuye't "Nuoc thep" va "Ngudi luy~n

kim" cua ong c6 suc h~p dftn ngh~ thu~t

nh~t dinh.

R6 rang doi voi nhung tac ph~m nhuv~y phai xu~t phat tu tinh hinh lich s11

C1;1th~ moi c6 th~ danh gia mQt cachkhach quan du<;lc.0 day cfin ph3.i c6 thai

dQ th1;lcs1;ldu thi. Ne'u cu may moc, ddngian se giam nhi~t tinh nghien cuu vanhQc Dai Loan, nhung ne'u vi doan ke't,

huu nghi ma bo qua t~t ca nhungkhuynh huang sai lfim cua hQ thi cung

anh hUdng de'n tinh khoa hQc trong vi~cnghien cuu van hQc Dai Loan.

3) Van hQc Dai Loan hinh thanh

trong di~u ki~n lich s11va hoan canh xii

hQi d~c bi~t. Danh gia n~n van hQc nay

khong nen thoat Ii khoi th1;lc te' cUQcsong cua Dai Loan, khong nen dung

thuoc do cua Van hQc Cach m:;tng d~

danh gia van hQc Dai Loan. Chi nen

dung thuoc do van hQc lanh m:;tnh, tie'n

bQ, yeu nuoc d~ do van hQc Dai Loan thimoi tudng doi phil h<;lpvoi th1;lcte'.

T~t nhien cfin phai xu~t phat tU-toan

bQ sang tac cua nha van nua. 0 nha van

Dai Loan thudng c6 nhi~u mau thuftn.

Nhi~u khi hQ ly lu~n mQt d&ng nhung

· l'm~~ ,,!n~£.lJtI';? ..~I~~~ TIffi~~~ 001J[n~][AiX~[ji~

L 11~l1(J~~C3iEm1~. &~~[i~ IE.~- --- - -- - -----· Tang120.000dva 15ngaysa d~ngvao TK choTB VinaCardva VinaDailyhoa m(,lngmal (hOptron gOI400,OOOdva 45COOOdJ· T,ng6O.000dva 10ngaysa dl:mgvao TK choTB VinaTexthoa manamrn(hODtron a6i 200 DODdv,'

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~-\.."

80 NGHItN COOTRUNGQu6c so4(62) -2005

sang tac l~i mQt m~o.Khong nen chi nhintha'y cay ma khong tha'y rung.

Cung khong nen h~ tha'y tac ph~mnao ta th~c, co hinh thuc dan tQc li~nkhimg dinh no la t6t, trai l~i h~ tha'y ba'tcu tac ph~m nao thuQc dong van hQchi~n d~i chu nghia d~u coi la xa'u.Truy~n dai "Hoang Nguyen" cua Tu MaTrung Nguyen v~ cd ban la sang tac theobut phap t~uy~n th6ng, ngon ngu dangia d~ hi~u, co th~ noi la ra't dan tQc,nhung nQi dung l~i ra't phan dQng,xuyent~c cUQckhang chie'n ch6ng Nh~t va cUQcchie'n tranh giai phong cua nhan dan. KyHuy~n la nha thd thuQc trudng phai hi~nd~i chu nghia co h~ng, t~ vi minh 19.consoi co dQc gao thet trong rung r~m

. nhung bai thd "Hi~n th1jc" cua ong l~inoi dUQccai mau thuAn giua hi~n th~cDai Loan va ly tUdng cua nhan dan.

M~c du trong vi~c gidi thi~u vanghien cuu van hQc Dai Loan d TrungQu6c d~i h,ICdn phai dUQcnang cao hdnnua, nhung phai thua nh~n rling gidinghien cuu Trung Qu6c da co nhungnh~n dinh chinh xac nhu:

1) Van hQchi~n d~i Dai Loan da phattri~n dudi s~ anh hUdng va s~ nuoidudng cua truy~n th6ng van hQcmdi thdiNgu Tu, no da ghi l~i duqc cUQcda'utranh ch6ng s~ no dich cua phat xitNh~t, chua d1jng tinh thlln yeu nudc,truy~n th6ng dan tQc, y chi ch6ng de'qu6c va phong kie'n.

2) Van hQc"Hudng th6" dudng d~i DaiLoan ke' thua va kien tri con dudng cuachu nghia hi~n th~c, v~ch tdn va phephan nhung cai xa'u xa trong xa hQi DaiLoan, d6ng cam va thudng xot d6i vdiqulln chung lao kh6.

3) Van hQc "Hudng sllu"(2)la dong van

hQc IOn cua Dai Loan, no th6 lQ tinh yeu

que hudng, n6i nhd nhung d6i vdi ngudi

than d T6 qu6c.

4) MQt so' nha van g6c Hoa d nudc

ngoai d~c bi~t la nhung nha van s6ng d

My cung hat nhung "Bai bi ca cua dua

con du Iang", phlln IOn th6 1Qn6i kh6

ma't g6c dang tim v~ cQi.

5) Tuy van hQc dudng d~i Dai Loandang bi nhung lu5ng gio cua phudng Tay

lam nghieng nga nhung dong van hQclanh m~nh, tie'n bQ, yeu nudc vAn trudngthanh trong da'u tranh va dang gianh

dUQcuu the'.

6) Vi~c gidi thi~u va nghien cuu

nghiem tuc tac ph~m van hQc hi~n d~i

va dudng d~i cua Dai Loan ra't co ynghia. No co kha nang rut ng:in khoangcach doi bd va thuc d~y s~ nghi~p th6ngnha't da't nudc chong trd thanh hi~nth~c.

Vi~c gidi thi~u va nghien cuu van hQcDai Loan va cac nha van g6c Hoa d nudcngoai cua Trung Qu6c gQi y cho Vi~t

Nam chung ta vdi tinh thlln g~n d\lckhdi trong, vdi tinh thlln th~ ta't, thongearn nhung co nguyen t:ic cung co th~gidi thi~u va nghien cuu nhung tacph~m van hQc tie'n bQ cua ngudi Vi~t dxa xu, d~ng lam giau cho n~n van hQcnudc nha.

.TJ

CI

1(TBCN)nhung ]

the ky

ung nhl

dong di

thi~u qdan tie1

nay.

1. N"Quoc t~

NamKinh t~DCS Trt

"Che'd~dong vGj. j

nghi ch~.

XHCN9Sau

va'n dg

CNXH

cho rAn

doanh

thi tru~

hinh th,

th~c s

tnidng.

CHU THICH:

(1) D~c tinh cua ti~u thuye't "Httdng th6"1a n{>idung va hinh thUc d~m da tinh dant{>c.Dong van h9C "Httdng sllu" (n6i bu5n nMque) cling co th~ coi 1a thu{>c ph~m tru cua

van h9C "Httdng th6" dtt\1~.

(2) N6i bu5n xa que httdng.

, >:-, cl&l.'0 -=-CI)

CI

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