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ROLE PLAYING, MIND MAPPING, OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES, ETHNOGRAPHIC TOOLS, CASE STUDIES, EMPATHY MAPPING, INTERVIEWS

Prof. Bhasker Vijaykumar Bhatt

Assistant Professor in Civil Engg.

Sarvajanik College of Engg. & Tech.,

Surat

SESSION - II

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WEEK 02 OF DE 1 A

Creating a balloon tower – Team building exercise

(Students of Batch 2015 @ CED, SCET)

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WEEK 03 OF DE 1 A

Design in nature – Bio-mimicry (Students of Batch 2015 @ CED, SCET)

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WEEK 04 OF DE 1A

Analysis of data – Mind mapping

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OBSERVATIONS It helps identification

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PHASE - IOBSERVATIONS

towards Evaluation of Idea

PHASE - I

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THE LEMON LESSONOne day, ask students to bring one lemon each.

PART - 1

Once lemon are there, tell students to write 10 properties of the lemon that they are having e.g. size, shape, texture, color, any markings and so on. Allow them to draw a sketch of their lemon as well. NO CUTS/MARKINGS.

Gather lemons from them in group, ask them to identify their own lemon from bunch of lemons using their writing.

PART - 2

Once done, gather all lemons back.

Switch the writings among themselves and ask to find the lemon using the writing of their classmates…!

https://www.nsta.org/elementaryschool/connections/200802MinogueConnection.pd

f

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THE LEMON LESSON

PART - 3

Once students have done, ask them to get their list of observations back so that they can work on the following questions.

1. In Part I, how did you make your OBSERVATIONS? What did you do to gather the information that you recorded? (Be specific).

2. What instruments did you use to extend your senses?

3. In Part II, were you able to find your partner’s lemon? Explain why or why not. What was it about your partner’s OBSERVATIONS that made the lemon hard or easy to find? (Be specific).

4. Suppose you had to explain why OBSERVATIONS are so important in science to a younger student. What would you say?

https://www.nsta.org/elementaryschool/connections/200802MinogueConnection.pd

f

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DE Approach

Decision makers find it difficult to come up with novel ideas

Users find it difficult to accurately describe their

preferences

Decision makers find it difficult to predict users’ preferences

WHY???

Source: The frequent failure of traditional market research methodologies to accurately predict users’ preferences are well documented

(Elliott & Elliott-Jenkel, 2003)

Imagine Observe

Iterative &

up to an

extent,

endless

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IMAGINATION FAILS…

Its tendency to fill in and leave out without telling us… and the features and consequences we fail to consider are often quite important…

Its tendency to project the present onto the future.

Its failure to recognize that things will look different once they happen.

Source: Gilbert, D. 2006. Stumbling on Happiness. New York: Alfred Knopf.

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DE Approach

Decision makers find it difficult to come up with novel ideas

Users find it difficult to accurately describe their

preferences

Decision makers find it difficult to predict users’ preferences

Source: The frequent failure of traditional market research methodologies to accurately predict users’ preferences are well documented

(Elliott & Elliott-Jenkel, 2003)

Iterate Observe

Iterative &

up to an

extent,

endless

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HOW TO??

We follow – AEIOU Framework(developed by Ethnohub)

Activities

Environments

Interactions

Objects

UsersThe AEIOU framework was originated in 1991 at Doblin by Rick Robinson, Ilya Prokopoff, John Cain, and Julie Pokorny. Its aim was to help analyze Ethnomethodology data

and Conversation analysis with MECE categories.(Source: http://help.ethnohub.com/guide/aeiou-framework)

Aactivity

User

Experience

Eenvironm

ent

Iinteractio

n

Oobjects

Uusers

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HOW TO? - PROCESS

Materials are gathered via ethnographic methods:

Notes

Photos

Videos

Interviews

Field observations

And so on…

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HOW TO? - PROCESS

During field observation, use the AEIOU framework as a lens to observe the surrounding environment.

Once done, do brainstorming among members

What – Why – How – When – Where

Observation again and again…!

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HOW TO? - PROCESS

Record observations under the appropriate headings.

Notebook / Record book / Tables for observation

Questionnaire – answer summary

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HOW TO? - PROCESS

Supplement direct observations with photos or video tape when appropriate.

Video clips / Animations /Audio record clips

Photographs / Sketches in field

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HOW TO? - PROCESS

Review and cluster observations to disseminate higher-level themes and patterns.

Identifying impacting and important Findings (Clues)

Review the set of clues

Looking forward to resolve through engineering means.

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HOW TO? - PROCESS

Distribution of work responsibility

Initial brainstorming

Identification – General Impressions

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OBSERVATION RECORDING SHEETS(PAPER SIZE A3)

Following set of record sheets are to be kept with students for recording and documentation on field during Ethnographic observations.

It basically, will contain:

OBSERVATIONS by means of…

Notes, Photographs, sketches, interview and such…

(As applicable in a case under study)

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OBSERVATION RECORD SHEETS

These are of 5 types.

Each type may be in varying numbers depending on the case under research.

More numbers of these observation records will ensure sincerity in the work as well as make sure of Novelty in the project.

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ACTIVITIES

These are goal-directed sets of actions—paths towards things people want to accomplish.

What are the modes people work in, and the specific activities and processes they go through?

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ACTIVITIES

Someone (User) is involved…

- How?

- What actually is going on?

- Why it is going on?

- How it is going on?

- What is involved?

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ACTIVITIES

General impressions / Observations

Elements, Features and Special Notes

Sketch/ Photo –

Summary of activities

GROUP ID: ________________________

PROJECT ON: ______________________

DATE: _____________________________

SHEET NO. _________

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ENVIRONMENTS

It include the entire arena where activities take place.

What is the character and function of the space overall, of each individual's spaces, and of shared spaces?

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ENVIRONMENTS – THE SURROUNDINGS…

- Where (Activity) is happening?

- What are circumstances?

- Time effects, any?

- Seasonal effects, any?

- Person effects, any?

- Operational effects, any?

Why variations

Or

What versions

What governs…?

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ENVIRONMENT

General impressions / Observations(Style, materials & atmosphere)

Elements, Features and Special Notes

Floor plan

Scene

GROUP ID: ________________________

PROJECT ON: ______________________

DATE: _____________________________

SHEET NO. _________

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INTERACTIONS

These are between a person and someone or something else; they are the building blocks of activities.

What is the nature of routine and special interactionsbetween people; between people and objects in their environment, and across distances?

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INTERACTIONS

- Who are involved? Why? How?

- What (users) are holding/ operating/ using…

Human Extensions

- How the contacts are in action?

- Action vs. Reaction…

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INTERACTIONS

General impressions / Observations(Who is interacting with whom, what?)

Elements, Features and Special Notes

Scene of interaction(How it is being done)

GROUP ID: ________________________

PROJECT ON: ______________________

DATE: _____________________________

SHEET NO. _________

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OBJECTS

These are building blocks of the environment, key elementssometimes put to complex or unintended uses (thus changing their function, meaning and context).

What are the objects and devices people have in their environments and how do they relate to their activities?

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OBJECTS

General impressions / Observations(How components are involved?)

Elements, Features and Special Notes(How objects are relating to the activities?)

Inventory of Key Objects

(Prepare a list here of ‘THE

THINGS’ involved)

GROUP ID: ________________________

PROJECT ON: ______________________

DATE: _____________________________

SHEET NO. _________

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USERS

Users are the people whose behaviours, preferences, and needs are being observed.

Who is there? What are their roles and relationships? What are their values and prejudices?

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USERS

General impressions of people(Who is present? Roles & responsibilities?)

Inventory of people(List of identified people involved)

Scene of users in context

GROUP ID: ________________________

PROJECT ON: ______________________

DATE: _____________________________

SHEET NO. _________

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Not visible

well…

USE BOLD

PEN

WRITE IN

CAPITAL

LETTERS

No

Sentences

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ROLE PLAY It drives imagination

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DE-1A CONTENTIn Design Engineering – 1A, student will select very basic and small, individual or team project irrespective of their branch.

A basic project would give good understanding of Design Thinking process.

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HOW TO?

This project would be from very general topic/domain like designing something for

yourself/parents/Teacher/Friends.

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EMPATHY MAPPING

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EMPATHY

It can do magic…!

Let’s watch a video…

What it is all about…

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EMPATHY MAPPING

Friday, October 21, 2016 FDP - WORKSHOP ON DESIGN ENGINEERING, GTU INNOVATION COUNCIL 48

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EMPATHY MAPPING

Friday, October 21, 2016 FDP - WORKSHOP ON DESIGN ENGINEERING, GTU INNOVATION COUNCIL 49

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EMPATHY MAPPING

Friday, October 21, 2016 FDP - WORKSHOP ON DESIGN ENGINEERING, GTU INNOVATION COUNCIL 50

Duri

ng F

DPs

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TU

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EMPATHY MAPPING

Friday, October 21, 2016 FDP - WORKSHOP ON DESIGN ENGINEERING, GTU INNOVATION COUNCIL 51

Duri

ng F

DPs

at G

TU

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Duri

ng F

DPs

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TU

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Duri

ng F

DPs

at G

TU

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Duri

ng F

DPs

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TU

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CASE STUDY 1 TOYOTA

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TOYOTA

Toyota Industries has started as automatic loom manufacturer in 1926

In 1933 Toyota motors has been founded from the Toyota Industries

In 1967 Regenerative breaking was discover by American Motors (Mechanical Flywheel)

From 1968 Toyota had started R&D for the Hybrid Car.

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TOYOTA PRIUS

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IDEATION

Flywheel

+

Electric Generator

=

Hybrid Regenerative Breaking

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

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EMPATHY MAPPING

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CASE STUDY 2 Tata Nano

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TATA NANO

Empathy Mapping

Budget

Seating arrangement

Appearance

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Ideation

Challenges

1. Counter balance of Small car

2. Safety

3. Small car with big space & storage

4. Economical Ride

5. Cost Cutting

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Back Side Engine

Only 3 Bolt to

hold Wheel

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Revalidation

Engine CC has been Increased

Extra Shaft design for engine

Wheel position Change to Edge of body

Duct For the cooling of Engine

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SUCCESS OF DESIGN

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REASONS GOT FAILED

Not available in promised prize

Small compare to other cars

Safety Myths

Sound of Engine

Power of Engine

Empathy also got failed

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MIND MAPPING

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