nelson rodrigues e juca kfouri:dois estilos na crônica esportiva brasileira

8/2/2019 NELSON RODRIGUES E JUCA KFOURI:dois estilos na crônica esportiva brasileira

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Vdkech Jef}rmkre fm Egqermlce

LMG^HL _HF_KC]M^ M B]NE IAH]_K2

fhk~ m~vkgh~ le nrölkne m~phrvkqe ore~kgmkre

Omgh Dhrkhlvm

Nmlvrh ]lkqmr~kvårkh fm Omgh Dhrkhlvm $]lk*OD+

?055



Vdkech Jef}rmkre fm Egqermlce

LMG^HL _HF_KC]M^ M B]NE IAH]_K2

fhk~ m~vkgh~ le nrölkne m~phrvkqe ore~kgmkre

Jhlhcreake eprm~mlvefe eh n}r~h fm Bhrlegk~jh fh Nmlvrh]lkqmr~kvårkh fm Omgh Dhrkhlvm $]lk*OD+ nhjh rmu}k~kvh pernkeg àhovmlãîh fh cre} fm Oendermg mj Bhrlegk~jh,

Hrkmlvefhre2 Efëgke Oerrh~h Amrlelfm~

Omgh Dhrkhlvm

Nmlvrh ]lkqmr~kvårkh fm Omgh Dhrkhlvm $]lk*OD+

?055



_M^]JH

M~ve jhlhcreake vmj phr hobmvkqh elegk~er fhk~ perefkcje~ le nrölkne m~phrvkqe ore~kgmkre2

phëvkne m elegêvkne, Pere veg' ahrej m~nhgdkfh~ fhk~ nrhlk~ve~ u}m jmgdhr rmprm~mlvej nefe

ëphne' Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ $nrölkne phëvkne+ m B}ne Iah}rk $nrölkne elegêvkne+, E~ nrölkne~ ahrej

rmvkrefe~ fh~ gkqrh~ À ^hjore fe~ Nd}vmkre~ Kjhrvek~' fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~' m Phr u}m lîh

fm~k~vh „ A}vmohg' Fkldmkrh m Phgêvkne' fm B}ne Iah}rk, E elågk~m ~mrå rmegkefe fm enhrfh nhj

nrkvërkh~ rmgevkqh~ eh m~vkgh vmtv}eg' e~ vmjåvkne~ eohrfefe~' e qk~îh fh bhcefhr fm a}vmohg' h pm~h

fefh e klahrjeãîh' mlvrm h}vrh~, E oe~m vmþrkne epgknefe ~mrå a}lfejmlvefe mj m~v}fh~

enefâjknh~ m p}ogkneãým~ mfkvhrkek~ u}m eohrfmj h pelhreje dk~vþrknh' h~ rmprm~mlvelvm~ m h~

perefkcje~ fe nrölkne9 e klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe9 h qeghr erc}jmlvevkqh m h fm~mlqhgqkjmlvh fha}vmohg lh Ore~kg, Nhlng}k*~m' mlvîh' u}m e nrölkne m~phrvkqe phëvkne' rmprm~mlvefe phr Lmg~hl

_hfrkc}m~' ~m nerenvmrke phr ~mr jek~ frejåvkne9 aelve~kh~e9 eprm~mlvelfh gklc}ecmj jêvknh*

jmveaþrkne9 m lîh c}erfe rmgeãîh akfmfkcle nhj h aevh, Bå e nrölkne m~phrvkqe elegêvkne' phr ~}e

qm' rmprm~mlvefe phr B}ne Iah}rk' ë jek~ klahrjevkqe m hobmvkqe,

Pegeqre~ ndeqm~2 nrölkne m~phrvkqe9 bhrlegk~jh m a}vmohg



6

^]JÅ_KH

KLV_HF]ÃÎH,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0=

? N_ÖLKNE M FK^N]_^H,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,03

?,5 Pelhreje dk~vþrknh' nerenvmrê~vkne~ fe nrölkne m ~}e rmgeãîh nhj h bhrlegk~jh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,03

?,? Nrölkne m~phrvkqe,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5?

?,> Nhj}lkneãîh' Gklc}ecmj m Erc}jmlveãîh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,53

> A]VMOHG M KLAH_JEÃÎH M^PH_VKQE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?6

>,5 H~ fm~fhorejmlvh~ fe dk~vþrke fh a}vmohg lh Ore~kg,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?6

>,? Bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh $h} a}vmohgê~vknh+,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>5

6 LMG^HL _HF_KC]M^ M B]NE IAH]_K2 FHK^ PE_EFKCJE^ LE N_ÖLKNE

M^PH_VKQE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>=

6,5 Dk~vþrke m hore fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m B}ne Iah}rk,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>=

6,5,? Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>=

6,5,? B}ne Iah}rk,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>3

6,? Elågk~m fe~ nrölkne~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>;

6,?,5 Nhjpgmth fm Qkre*Geve~,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>;

6,?,? Frecým~ fm M~phre m Pmlendh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6?

6,?,> E _megme fm Pmgë,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,66

6,?,6 Chg Jkg ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,61

6,> Elågk~m fe~ nrölkne~ fm B}ne Iah}rk,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6;

6,>,5 G}ge' h nervhge,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6;

6,>,? A}vmohg fm Php~ver~,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=?6,>,> Ed' m} ~h} ore~kgmkrh%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=6

6,>,6 H reoh fm neqegh m h lkldh fm revh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=1

NHL^KFM_EÃÝM^ AKLEK^,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=;

_MAM_ÂLNKE^,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1>

ELMTH^,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1=



=

KLV_HF]ÃÎH

M~~e jhlhcreake vmj nhjh hobmvkqh elegk~er fhk~ perefkcje~ prm~mlvm~ le nrölkne m~phrvkqe

ore~kgmkre' h phëvknh m h elegêvknh, H~ nrhlk~ve~ m~nhgdkfh~ ~îh Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m B}ne Iah}rk,

E kfëke ë eohrfer e ahrje nhjh h~ fhk~ ~m ph~knkhlej' ho~mrqelfh e gklc}ecmj }vkgkefe' nhjh

~m få h mlahu}m fe~ nrölkne~' e~ vmjåvkne~ prmamrkfe~' u}eg nrölkne ph~~}k jekhr qeghr

klahrjevkqh,

E m~nhgde fh~ nrhlk~ve~ ahk jhvkqefe pmge rmgmqïlnke u}m ejoh~ vâj' phr qkqmrmj mj

jhjmlvh~ dk~vþrknh~ fk~vklvh~ m' a}lfejmlvegjmlvm' phr eprm~mlvermj m~vkgh~ fkamrmlvm~, ^mrîh

elegk~efe~ u}evrh nrölkne~ m~nrkve~ phr Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~' rmvkrefe~ fh gkqrh À ^hjore fe~Nd}vmkre~ Kjhrvek~' m h}vre~ u}evrh m~nrkve~ phr B}ne Iah}rk' mtvreêfe~ fm Phr u}m lîh fm~k~vh „

A}vmohg' Fkldmkrh m Phgêvkne,

Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ ë }j fh~ mtphmlvm~ fh m~vkgh phëvknh fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe' fm gklc}ecmj

jêvknh*jmveaþrkne, Vre }je qk~îh kl}~kvefe fe pervkfe' prmvmrklfh j}kve~ qmm~ e klahrjeãîh,

Lh gkqrh À ^hjore fe~ Nd}vmkre~ Kjhrvek~ m~vîh nrölkne~ p}ogknefe~ epþ~ 5;=0' nhj e pmrfe fe

Nhpe fh J}lfh' lh Ore~kg' evë e nhlu}k~ve fh vrknejpmhlevh j}lfkeg' mj 5;30, M~vm ënhldmnkfh nhjh h pmrêhfh fm h}rh fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh' u}elfh ~}rckrej nreu}m~' nhjh Pmgë'

Cerrklnde' Vh~vîh' Fkfk mlvrm h}vrh~,

B}ne Iah}rk rmprm~mlve e nrölkne elegêvkne' u}m ~}rcm lh akj fh~ elh~ 5;40 m klênkh fh~ elh~

5;;0, F}relvm m~vm pmrêhfh' h bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh m h a}vmohg' u}m pmrfm crelfm pervm fm ~m}~

crelfm~ bhcefhrm~' ~m egvmrej, Nhj k~~h' e~ nrölkne~ pe~~erej phr }j prhnm~~h fm rmlhqeãîh'

aknelfh jek~ klahrjevkqe~, Lh gkqrh Phr u}m lîh fm~k~vh „ A}vmohg' Fkldmkrh m Phgêvkne m~vîh p}ogknefe~ nrölkne~ gkcefe~' prklnkpegjmlvm' à nhlf}ãîh phgêvkne fh m~phrvm lh Ore~kg,

Lh prkjmkrh nepêv}gh' ë amkvh }j pelhreje dk~vþrknh fe nrölkne fm~fm e Elvkc}kfefm Ngå~~kne

eh~ fke~ fm dhbm' fmjhl~vrelfh ~}e~ pmn}gkerkfefm~' e ahrje nhj u}m ahk ~mlfh egvmrefe eh

ghlch fh vmjph, H~ prkjþrfkh~ fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe' h~ m~vkgh~ u}m ahrej fm~mlqhgqkfh~ m h~

nrhlk~ve~ jek~ rmlhjefh~, ^mrîh eprm~mlvefh~ vejoëj jëvhfh~ fm nhj}lkneãîh m m~vrevëcke~

erc}jmlvevkqe~,



1

Lh nepêv}gh ~mc}klvm' h a}vmohg ë h phlvh fm pervkfe, E~ rmgeãým~ fm~vm m~phrvm nhj h~

ore~kgmkrh~ ~mrîh mtpghrefe~' ~m}~ fm~fhorejmlvh~ lh Ore~kg' h prmnhlnmkvh m e klcmrâlnke

phgêvkne mj egc}l~ jhjmlvh~ dk~vþrknh~, H}vrh phlvh pere rmagmtîh fh nepêv}gh ë ~horm e

klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe, ^mrîh mtph~ve~ e dk~vþrke fm~ve mfkvhrke fh bhrlegk~jh' ~}e ahrje fm

ev}eãîh m h~ fm~eakh~ fe prhak~~îh,

Lh vmrnmkrh m ògvkjh nepêv}gh' ~mrîh amkve elågk~m~ fe~ nrölkne~ Nhjpgmth fm Qkre*Geve~'

Frecým~ fm M~phre m Pmlendh' E _megme fm Pmgë m Chg Jkg ' fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m G}ge' h

nervhge9 A}vmohg fm Php~ver~9 Ed' m} ~h} ore~kgmkrh% m H reoh fm neqegh m h lkldh fm revh ' fm

B}ne Iah}rk, Le~ nhl~kfmreãým~ aklek~' peregmgh mlvrm e~ hore~ fh~ e}vhrm~ ~mrå rmegkefh pere

mtpgknkver h~ perefkcje~ elegk~efh~,



3

? N_ÖLKNE M FK^N]_^H

H prm~mlvm nepêv}gh vmj phr hobmvkqh eprm~mlver h câlmrh bhrlegê~vknh nrölkne, ^m} ~}rckjmlvh'

h~ fm~fhorejmlvh~ m e mqhg}ãîh prhjhqkfe pmgh~ nrhlk~ve~ ore~kgmkrh~' e~ nerenvmrê~vkne~ fm~vm

câlmrh m h jhfh fm nhlf}ve fh~ nrhlk~ve~ ore~kgmkrh~, H pelhreje dk~vþrknh m h~ perefkcje~ fe

nrölkne m~phrvkqe vejoëj ~mrîh mtpgknkvefh~' e~~kj nhjh egc}l~ mtphmlvm~ fe nrölkne

m~phrvkqe, Mj fk~n}r~h m erc}jmlveãîh' m~vå mtpgknkvefe e kjphrvïlnke fe a}lãîh nhj}lknevkqe'

e hrcelkeãîh m nhl~vkv}kãîh fm }j vmtvh m h~ fk~ph~kvkqh~ fm erc}jmlveãîh,

?,5 Pelhreje dk~vþrknh' nerenvmrê~vkne~ fe nrölkne m ~}e rmgeãîh nhj h bhrlegk~jh

H ~}rckjmlvh fe nrölkne rmjhlve à Elvkc}kfefm Ngå~~kne, F}relvm e Kfefm Jëfke m h

_mle~nkjmlvh' pmrêhfh mj u}m e prhf}ãîh celdh} mj rho}~vm' ndejeqe*~m fm nrölkne h rmgevh

dk~vþrknh, M~~e fmlhjkleãîh' mj egc}l~ kfkhje~' phr mtmjpgh' h klcgâ~' arelnâ~' m~peldhg m

kvegkelh' pmrjelmnm} nhlnmkv}elfh e nrölkne nhjh câlmrh dk~vþrknh' mtpgkne Nh}vkldh $5;;;+,

Mj 5=00' le ndmcefe fh~ phrv}c}m~m~ eh Ore~kg' Pmrh Qe fm Nejklde am }j rmgevh fe

fm~nhomrve fm lhqe~ vmrre~ nhj pek~ecml~ m elkjek~ ~klc}germ~, M~ve nerve ~m nerenvmrke nhjh e prkjmkre nrölkne ore~kgmkre, Câlmrh eklfe pmrvmlnmlvm eh vrefknkhleg ~mlvkfh fh vmrjh „ rmgevh

nrhlhgþcknh fm }j enhlvmnkjmlvh kjphrvelvm, Mj a}lãîh fk~~h' pere ^å $5;4=+' e gkvmrev}re

ore~kgmkre le~nm fe nrölkne,

^mc}lfh Nh}vkldh $5;;;+' lh ~ën}gh TKT' nhlv}fh' lîh ~m ~eom nhj prmnk~îh ~m lh Ore~kg h}

mj Phrv}ceg' e pegeqre nrölkne pe~~h} e ~mr }~efe pere ~m rmamrkr e }j câlmrh m~vrkvejmlvm

gkcefh eh bhrlegk~jh, Mrej p}ogkneãým~ gkvmrårke~ fm prh~e' ~mlfh }je m~pënkm fm elågk~m fme~~}lvh gkqrm,

E nrölkne nhjh nhldmnkfe lh~ fke~ fm dhbm ahk rmck~vrefe pmge prkjmkre qm mj ahgdmvkl~

arelnm~m~ fh ~ën}gh TKT' nhjh }je ahrje fm mlvrmvmr h~ gmkvhrm~' eakrje ^å $5;4=+, M~~e~

p}ogkneãým~' lh mlvelvh' ~m eprhtkjeqej jek~ fh câlmrh nhlvh,

Lh Ore~kg' e nrölkne celdh} lhqe rh}pecmj' ndmcelfh e ~mr nhl~kfmrefe }j câlmrh vkpknejmlvm

ore~kgmkrh pmge~ efepveãým~ gklc}ê~vkne~ m vmjåvkne~ u}m ~þ mrej qk~ve~ phr eu}k' egëj fm

nerenvmrê~vkne~ prþprke~' nhjh m~vkgh m vënlkne, H câlmrh eo~hrqm} }je ~mjïlvkne fkamrmlvm2



4

mlcghoh} e lerreãîh' h nhjmlvårkh' fmkth} fm gefh h rkchr vmjphreg fe ev}egkfefm pere akter*~m

mj ~m} rkchr akgh~þaknh' mtpým Omgvrîh $5;40+, Nhj h pe~~er fh~ elh~' h~ kjphrvelvm~

jhqkjmlvh~ gkvmrårkh~ mj qhce lh Ore~kg' nhjh h _hjelvk~jh' _megk~jh' Perle~kelk~jh m

^kjohgk~jh' ahrej rmprhf}kfh~ le~ nrölkne~ fm enhrfh nhj e nerenvmrê~vkne fm nefe e}vhr,

Fm enhrfh nhj Nh}vkldh $5;;;+' ahk Arelnk~nh Hveqkelh fm Egjmkfe _h~e u}mj klknkh} h

vreoegdh fm nrhlk~ve mj fhk~ fm fmmjorh fm 54=?' lh Bhrleg fh Nhjjërnkh' lh _kh fm Belmkrh,

M vejoëj le mlvîh nepkveg amfmreg' lh~ ahgdmvkl~ fh akj fh ~ën}gh TKT' pmge~ jîh~ fh bhrlegk~ve

Pe}gh Oerrmvh' jek~ nhldmnkfh pmgh p~m}fölkjh fm Bhîh fh _kh' u}m e nrölkne' egëj fm e~~}jkr

}j m~peãh fm jekhr qk~kokgkfefm' celdh} }je rh}pecmj jek~ gkvmrårke, Mj qm fh }~}eg rmck~vrhahrjeg' Bhîh fh _kh fm~mlqhgqke }j nhjmlvårkh fh~ enhlvmnkjmlvh~ ho~mrqefh pmgh ïlc}gh

~}obmvkqh fe klvmrprmveãîh' ~egkmlve ^å $5;4=+, E hore fm Bhîh fh _kh rmprm~mlve e jek~ h}~efe

vmlvevkqe fm mgmqer e nrölkne à nevmchrke fm }j câlmrh lîh epmle~ klag}mlvm' je~ vejoëj

fhjklelvm,

H}vrh mtphmlvm fe nrölkne ore~kgmkre ë h m~nrkvhr Jendefh fm E~~k~, Egc}l~ nrêvknh~ gkvmrårkh~

nhl~kfmrej u}m e evkqkfefm fm nrhlk~ve rmegkefe phr Jendefh fm E~~k~ ~mrqk} fm rmahrãh

nrkevkqh pere nrkeãîh fm ~m}~ rhjelnm~,

Le~ prkjmkre~ fënefe~ fh ~ën}gh TT' e nrölkne pe~~h} e ~mr mjprmcefe mj crelfm armu}âlnke'

~hormv}fh mj bhrlek~ fh _kh fm Belmkrh, Pmge u}elvkfefm' nhl~vïlnke m u}egkfefm' h câlmrh ~m

vhrlh} }j prhf}vh cml}klejmlvm nerkhne' enrmfkve Jhk~ë~ $5;4?+,

Fmqkfh à ~}e nerenvmrê~vkne klvrêl~mne eh bhrlegk~jh' j}kvh~ nrêvknh~ ~m rmn}~ej e qmr le nrölkne

egch pmrjelmlvm' nhl~kfmrelfh*e }je ervm jmlhr, Mj egc}l~ bhrlek~ mge~ qkldej

enhjpeldefe~ fh vêv}gh ‗Påckle~ Jmlhrm~‚' }j klfênkh fm nhjh h câlmrh mre mlnerefh,

^å $5;41+ mqkfmlnke u}m e nrölkne nhorm }j m~peãh lh bhrlegk~jh u}m ë fm ml~kler h gmkvhr e qmr

jek~ ghlcm' j}kvh egëj fh aenv}eg, K~vh ~þ ë ph~~êqmg u}elfh h aevh' h~ pmr~hlecml~ m e

prmhn}peãîh m~vrevëckne rmqmgefe le m~vr}v}reãîh fh vmtvh ~m e~~hnkej pere u}m h rm~}gvefh akleg

egnelnm e mjpevke nhj h gmkvhr, Bhrlegk~vknejmlvm' e nrölkne ë jmlh~ rêckfe m ejoknkh~e u}m h

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ervkch, Lmge' h m~nrkvhr celde gkomrfefm pere vreoegder h ~m} vmtvh' }~er e ~}obmvkqkfefm m ~mr

jmlh~ aenv}eg m hobmvkqh, Ghch' h câlmrh ~m nerenvmrke phr ~mr mgå~vknh' agmtêqmg m gkqrm,

H a}lfejmlveg le nrölkne ë e ~}pmreãîh fm ~}e oe~m bhrlegê~vkne m }roele' ~mbe nhl~vr}klfh }je

qkfe egëj fh aevh9 mlrku}mnmlfh }je lhvênke nhj mgmjmlvh~ p~knhgþcknh' nhj d}jhr9 m aemlfh

h ~}obmvkqk~jh ~hormphr*~m à prmhn}peãîh hobmvkqe fh nrhlk~ve, ^mlfh }j câlmrh vmtv}eg

dêorkfh' phlvh fm klvmr~mnãîh mlvrm h bhrlegk~jh m e gkvmrev}re' e nrölkne u}more h~ pkgerm~ fe

vrefknkhleg lhvênke fh bhrleg' a}lfefe~ le hobmvkqkfefm m kjpernkegkfefm' mtpgkne Nh}vkldh

$5;;;+,

Fm prmamrâlnke' e nrölkne fmqm mjprmcer mtprm~~ým~ fe ev}egkfefm' ~mj mqkver h~ kfkhjk~jh~ mnmrvh~ bhch~ fm pegeqre~ u}m ~m ahrjej pere fm~epermnmr egc}j vmjph fmphk~, ‗^mj m~~e

pråvkne' e nrölkne fmkterke fm rmagmvkr h m~pêrkvh fe ëphne' }je qm u}m e gêlc}e nhrrmlvm nhl~vkv}k

e jek~ qkqe mtprm~~îh fe ~hnkmfefm d}jele' lh vmjph‚ $NH]VKLDH' 5;;;' p,5>6+,

Neom eh nrhlk~ve mtpghrer h phfmr fe~ pegeqre~ pere u}m h gmkvhr ph~~e qkqmlnker nhj mjhãîh

eu}kgh u}m m~vå ~mlfh lerrefh, Fkamrmlvmjmlvm fh rmpþrvmr' h m~nrkvhr fm nrölkne~ lîh fmqm

epmle~ rmck~vrer }je lhvênke, E ahrje fm mtprm~~er fh nrhlk~ve fm~mjpmlde e a}lãîh phëvkne lhjhjmlvh mj u}m rmnrke e lhvênke nepvelfh h ~m} mlnelvejmlvh, Nhj }j vhu}m fm

~mlvkjmlvegk~jh' mgm vmj h phfmr fm nhlqmrvmr }j aevh kl~kclkaknelvm mj egch u}m vejoëj vmj

~}e rmgmqïlnke pere e qkfe d}jele,

E nrölkne ë le m~~âlnke }je ahrje fm ervm kjecklevkqe' ervm fe pegeqre e u}m ~m gkce ahrvmfh~m fm gkrk~jh, Ë }j câlmrh egvejmlvm pm~~heg' }je rmeãîh klfkqkf}eg' êlvkje' elvm hm~pmvån}gh fe qkfe, H nrhlk~ve ë }j ~hgkvårkh nhj ïl~ke fm nhj}lkner*~m, Pere k~~h' }vkgke*~m gkvmrerkejmlvm fm~~m jmkh qkqh' kl~kl}elvm' åckg u}m ë e nrölkne, $NH]VKLDH' 5;;;' p,

5>1+,

Pere aemr ~m} vreoegdh' h nrhlk~ve fmqm' vejoëj' gmqer mj nhl~kfmreãîh e~ kfmke~ mj n}r~h le

nhj}lkfefm' e~ klahrjeãým~ u}m nhl~mc}m rmnhgdmr ~horm aevh~ m e~ ~}e~ mjhãým~ pm~~hek~'

mtpgele Omgvrîh $5;40+,

H nrhlk~ve fk~nhrrm fm ahrje gkvmrårke e pmrnmpãîh fh~ aevh~ u}m ho~mrqe, Phr k~~h' e nrölkne ë

}je jk~v}re fm bhrlegk~jh m gkvmrev}re, M e ph~kãîh fh nrhlk~ve fmqm ~mr fm ~mc}kr ~m}~ kfmek~ m

fmamlfmr ~}e klfmpmlfâlnke jhreg' jm~jh m~velfh mj fm~enhrfh nhj e gklde fm pml~ejmlvh fh

bhrleg' ark~e å̂ $5;4=+,



50

Pere qmr egëj fe oelegkfefm' h nrhlk~ve qâ e nkfefm nhj h~ hgdh~ fm }j oâoefh h} fm }j phmve2 qâ jek~ fh u}m eperâlnke~' m fm~nhorm' phr k~~h jm~jh' e~ ahrãe~ ~mnrmve~ fe qkfe, Lîh ~m gkjkve e fm~nrmqmr h hobmvh u}m vmj fkelvm fm ~k' je~ h mtejkle' pmlmvre*h' rmnrke'

o}~nelfh e ~}e m~~âlnke' phk~ h u}m klvmrm~~e lîh ë h rmeg qk~vh mj a}lãîh fm qeghrm~nhl~ecrefh~ $^Å' 5;4=' p, 64+,

Phr bhrlegk~jh gkvmrårkh' nhjprmmlfm*~m }j m~vkgh u}m fm~mlqhgqm} lh ~ën}gh TKT m u}m ~m

nerenvmrkh} pmge jkgkvïlnke fm m~nrkvhrm~ le kjprml~e m pmge p}ogkneãîh fm nrölkne~ m nhlvh~, H

lòjmrh fm nrhlk~ve~ nhl~ecrefh~ rmprm~mlve }je ~kjpgm~ ejh~vre fh qeghr gkvmrårkh evreqë~ fh

bhrlegk~jh lenkhleg, Lhjm~ nhjh Jel}mg Oelfmkre' _}omj Orece' Nergh~ Fr}jjhlf fm

Elfrefm' Bh~ë Gkl~ fh _mch' _endmg fm U}mkrh' ^ërckh Phrvh G}k Amrlelfh Qmrê~~kjh'

Amrlelfh ^eoklh' Qklknk}~ fm Jhrem~' mlvrm velvh~ h}vrh~' e~~kleqej nrölkne~ mj pmrkþfknh~ m~îh egc}l~ fh~ j}kvh~ rmprm~mlvelvm~ fe prhf}ãîh gkvmrårke ore~kgmkre,

Pere Nïlfkfh $5;;?+' e~ nerenvmrê~vkne~ fh bhrleg lîh ~îh kclhrefe~ pmgh~ nrhlk~ve~' phr k~~h'

phfm*~m fkmr u}m e vrel~kvhrkmfefm fh qmên}gh ë klnhrphrefe pmge prþprke nrölkne, Lh mlvelvh'

u}elfh e nrölkne pe~~e fh bhrleg eh gkqrh' qmrkakne*~m u}m e ~}e f}reokgkfefm ë vrel~ahrjefe'

celdelfh }je ~hormqkfe nhl~kfmrefe ~}rprmmlfmlvm evë jm~jh pmgh~ prþprkh~ nrhlk~ve~,

U}elvh à nhl~vkv}kãîh' Omgvrîh enrmfkve u}m ‗e nrölkne vmj phr hobmvkqh klvmrprmver }j vmje

}vkgkelfh erc}jmlvh~' hre gþcknh~' hre ~}cm~vkqh~ m pmr~}e~kqh~' mj nhlb}lvh hrfmlefh pere

gmqer h gmkvhr à enmkveãîh fh b}êh ògvkjh‚ $OMGV_ÎH' 5;40' p,1;+,

Evreqë~ fm egc}je~ nrölkne~ fm neråvmr klahrjevkqh' ë ph~~êqmg vhjer nhldmnkjmlvh fh~ aevh~ m'

eh jm~jh vmjph' rmnmomr }je nhjprmml~îh fm j}lfh9 }j ph~knkhlejmlvh mtpgênkvh fm nhjh h

e}vhr elegk~e m rmgeve vek~ aevh~, E hpklkîh prm~mlvm lh evh fm klahrjer' ~hjefe à~ ph~~kokgkfefm~

nrkevkqe~ prþprke~ fe gkvmrev}re' aemj fe nrölkne }je ~kjokh~m mlvrm f}e~ kjphrvelvm~ m~amre~

fh nhldmnkjmlvh,

M~v}fkh~h~ }vkgkej fm egc}l~ jëvhfh~ pere nge~~kakner e~ nrölkne~, Nh}vkldh $5;;;+ nrkh} nklnh

nevmchrke~ u}m ~mcjmlve e prhf}ãîh fh~ m~nrkvhrm~ ore~kgmkrh~, H e}vhr rm~~egve u}m lîh ~m vreve

fm }je ~mpereãîh fmaklkvkqe mlvrm h~ vmtvh~' }je qm u}m mtk~vmj nrölkne~ u}m vrel~kvej mj

fkqmr~e~ fm~ve~ nevmchrke~2



55

5* Nrölkne Lerrevkqe2 vmj nerenvmrê~vkne~ j}kvh prþtkje~ eh nhlvh' n}bh mkth ë }je dk~vþrke

h} }j mpk~þfkh, H mtmjpgh jek~ nhldmnkfh ë h fm Amrlelfh ^eoklh9

?* Nrölkne Jmveaê~kne2 nhl~vkv}êfe fm rmagmtým~ fm n}ldh jek~ h} jmlh~ akgh~þaknh h}

jmfkveãým~ ~horm enhlvmnkjmlvh~ h} ~horm h~ dhjml~, Ë h ne~h fm Jendefh fm E~~k~ h} Nergh~

Fr}jjhlf fm Elfrefm' u}m mlnhlvrej ~mjprm hne~kîh m prmvmtvh lh~ aevh~ pere fkqecer

stgh~hstnejmlvm9

>* Nrölkne Phmje mj Prh~e2 vmj nhlvmòfh gêrknh' jmrh mtvreqe~ejmlvh fe egje fh ervk~ve

elvm h m~pmvån}gh fe qkfe fe~ pek~ecml~ h} mpk~þfkh~ pere mgm~ nerrmcefh~ fm ~kclkaknefh, H~

nrhlk~ve~ jek~ nhldmnkfh~ ~îh _}omj Orece m Jel}mg Oelfmkre,

6* Nrölkne klahrjeãîh2 ë eu}mge u}m fkq}gce aevh~ vmnmlfh nhjmlvårkh~ gkcmkrh~,

=* Nrölkne nhjmlvårkh2 fh~ enhlvmnkjmlvh~' u}m vmj }j enòj}gh fm j}kve nhk~e fkamrmlvm

h} fê~per, H~ rmprm~mlvelvm~ ~îh Jendefh fm E~~k~ m Bh~ë fm Egmlner,

H}vre nge~~kakneãîh ë amkve phr Omgvrîh $5;40+, H e}vhr fk~pým e~ nrölkne~ u}elvh à lev}rme fh

vmje m eh ~m} vrevejmlvh2

U}elvh à lev}rme fh vmje2

5* Nrölkne cmreg2 ë eu}mge nhj m~peãh akth lh bhrleg' hlfm h e}vhr eohrfe e~~}lvh~

qerkefh~,

?* Nrölkne ghneg2 vejoëj nhldmnkfe nhjh ‗}roele‚' vreve fh~ vmje~ u}hvkfkelh~ fe nkfefm,

>* Nrölkne m~pmnkegkefe2 h e}vhr' u}m ë }j ‗mtpmrv‚ lh e~~}lvh' vreve fm e~~}lvh~

rmamrmlvm~ e }j nejph m~pmnkaknh fm evkqkfefm,

U}elvh eh vrevejmlvh fefh eh vmje2



5?

5* Elegêvkne2 lm~ve h~ aevh~ ~îh mtph~vh~ m fk~~mnefh~ fm jhfh ormqm m hobmvkqh9 ë

fkegëvkne,

?* ^mlvkjmlveg2 h e}vhr epmge à ~ml~kokgkfefm fh gmkvhr9 h~ aevh~ nhjhqmj m klag}mlnkej e

~ml~kokgkfefm,

>* ^evêrknh*d}jhrê~vkne2 nrkvkne' krhlke' rkfkn}gerke aevh~ h} pm~~he~ nhj e aklegkfefm fm

efqmrvkr h} mlvrmvmr h gmkvhr9 ph~~}k amkãîh nerknev}reg,

?,? Nrölkne m~phrvkqe

Fh akj fh ~ën}gh TKT à jmvefm fh ~ën}gh TT' e~ nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~ ahrej fkqkfkfe~

nrhlhghcknejmlvm mj }j nhrvm vmjåvknh, E prkjmkre ae~m m~vå gkcefe à ~hnkhcâlm~m fh m~phrvm

lh Ore~kg, E~ prhf}ãým~ mrej ahnefe~ le~ jelkam~veãým~ fm pmrvmlnkjmlvh m~phrvkqh m

}aelk~jh' pe}vefe~ mj }j jhfmgh nkqkgkevþrkh qklfh~ fe M}rhpe' phlfmre Neprerh $?003+, H

fmoevm vmqm fm~amndh epþ~ e php}gerkeãîh fh a}vmohg, H~ rmprm~mlvelvm~ fm~~m pmrêhfh lîh mrej

nrhlk~ve~ m~pmnkegk~ve~ mj m~phrvm' je~ m~nrmqkej' mlvrm h}vre~ nhk~e~' ~horm h vmje,

M~~m ë h ne~h fh m~nrkvhr Gkje Oerrmvh, Eahl~h Dmlrku}m~ fm Gkje Oerrmvh ~m nerenvmrkh} phr

~mr }j lenkhlegk~ve mtenmroefh mj ~}e~ p}ogkneãým~ bhrlegê~vkne~ m lh~ vmtvh~ gkvmrårkh~, Mj

a}lãîh fk~~h' fmjhl~vreqe pektîh pmgh u}m ah~~m p}rejmlvm ore~kgmkrh' nhjh e re~vmkre,

Nhlfkãîh m~~e u}m h am lmcer' phr mtmjpgh' h a}vmohg' egmcelfh ~mr }j m~phrvm klvr}~h lh peê~,

Mj 5;5;' h m~nrkvhr a}lfh} e ‗Gkce Nhlvre h Ahhv*oegg‚, Oerrmvh m~nrmqke ervkch~ m nrölkne~

~horm h~ prmb}êh~ u}m h bhch prhqhneqe le ~eòfm fh~ prevknelvm~,

Mj ~}e crelfm jekhrke' lh mlvelvh' h~ nrhlk~ve~ ore~kgmkrh~ mrej efjkrefhrm~ fh m~phrvm qklfh

fh _mklh ]lkfh, Ne~h' phr mtmjpgh' fh ervk~ve jhfmrlk~ve Jårkh fm Elfrefm,

U}m nhk~e gklfê~~kje' u}m oekgefh jkrêaknh }j bhch fm a}vmohg% E~kevknejmlvm' ndmc}mk evë efm~mber u}m h~ omkbe*aghrm~ ~mjprm nhlvkl}e~~mj e~~kj nhjh m~veqej leu}mgm nejph'fm~hrcelkefh~ je~ orkgdelvê~~kjh~' pere u}m p}fm~~mj mvmrlejmlvm ~m rmpmvkr' pre cöhfh~ jm}~ hgdh~' eu}mgm~ o}chelh~ nhlvre~vm, $ELF_EFM ep}f G]NMLE' ?00>' p, 513+

Le ~mc}lfe ae~m' h a}vmohg bå mre nhl~kfmrefh }j m~phrvm fm je~~e m }j mgmjmlvh nmlvreg fen}gv}re ore~kgmkre' e~~}jklfh }j pepmg fm ecmlvm akrjefhr fe kfmlvkfefm lenkhleg, E pervkr fh



5>

nrm~nkjmlvh fh a}vmohg' nrkh}*~m }j kfmårkh fm ore~kgkfefm mj a}lãîh fe rmgeãîh fh m~phrvm nhj

e ~hnkmfefm ore~kgmkre, Neprerh $?003+

E nrölkne m~phrvkqe celdh} mj php}gerkfefm lh Ore~kg e pervkr fe~ prhf}ãým~ fh bhrlegk~ve

Jårkh Akgdh, Elvmrkhrjmlvm' h~ vmtvh~ mrej jek~ rmo}~nefh~ m mghu}mlvm~, Jerkh Akgdh efhvh}

}j m~vkgh fm m~nrkve pere nrker }je eprhtkjeãîh nhj h~ aelåvknh~ phr a}vmohg, Ahk creãe~ e

Jerkh Akgdh u}m h gmkvhr vhrlh}*~m prþtkjh fh aevh, Akgdh mlrku}mnm} h qhneo}gårkh fe nrölkne

fm }je cêrke vêpkne fh prþprkh a}vmohg' vrel~ahrjelfh mj }j perefkcje pere h bhrlegk~jh,

E~ nrölkne~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m Jårkh Akgdh vkldej qkfe prþprke' ~mc}lfh Nhmgdh $?00>+'

phrëj lmj omj ndmceqej e ~mr bhrlegk~jh, E~ nrölkne~ mrej rmndmefe~ fm freje m fm phm~ke' phr k~~h ~m fm~veneqej le nhomrv}re m~phrvkqe, M~~m~ vmtvh~ jhvkqeqej h~ vhrnmfhrm~ e ~ekr fm

ne~e m kr eh m~våfkh lh bhch ~mc}klvm pere' m~pmnkegjmlvm' qmr ~m} êfhgh mj nejph, Nrkerej

lhqh~ dmrþk~ lenkhlek~ m eb}ferej e nhl~vr}kr akc}re~ jêvkne~2 Pmgë qkrh} h _mk fh A}vmohg9 Fkfk'

Prêlnkpm Mvêhpm9 Bekrkldh mre h A}renîh fe Nhpe9 mlvrm h}vrh~,

E lerrevkqe fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe rmqm~vm*~m mj j}kve~ hne~kým~ fm }je gklc}ecmj pm~~heg m

aelve~kh~e pere fer nhlve fm~~m m~pmvån}gh kjprmqk~êqmg m frejåvknh' u}m ë h m~phrvm' phlfmreJeru}m~ $?000+, E~ nhl~vr}ãým~ kjecëvkne~ fh nrhlk~ve nhl~mc}mj ne}~er }j ae~nêlkh m~pmnkeg

lh~ gmkvhrm~' mj jmkh~ à~ lhvênke~ arke~ m hobmvkqe~,

H~ nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~' mj cmreg' nhjpýmj rmgevh~ u}m ~m fk~velnkej fh~ enhlvmnkjmlvh~ m fe

jmre fm~nrkãîh fe~ pervkfe~ m prhf}mj vmtvh~ lh~ u}ek~ ~m ho~mrqej }je jernelvm

~}obmvkqkfefm' }je prmhn}peãîh nhj e gklc}ecmj m' mj egc}l~ ne~h~' nhj h~ rmn}r~h~ fe

lerrevkqe gkvmrårke' phlfmre G}nmle $?00>+,

Pere Nhmgdh $?00>+' e~ nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~ phëvkne~ lîh c}erfeqej rmgeãîh akfmfkcle nhj h

aevh, Nhmgdh mtmjpgkakne m~~m fm~mlnhlvrh fm klahrjeãîh nhj e fm~nrkãîh u}m Lmg~hl

_hfrkc}m~ ae fh vmrnmkrh chg fh Ore~kg le akleg fh J}lfkeg fh Ndkgm' mj 5;1?, _hfrkc}m~ lerre

h gelnm nhjh ~m Qeqå vkqm~~m jernefh h chg fm neomãe, Lh mlvelvh' h vmlvh ahk amkvh nhj }j

errmjevm fm pë fkrmkvh' nhlvelfh nhj h e}tkgkh fh chgmkrh' u}m aegdh} lh gelnm, H prhogmje ë

u}m e qmrfefm m e gmlfe ~m jk~v}rej' m lmj vhfh~ fkamrmlnkej h rhjelnm fh bhrlegk~jh, E

nrölkne m~phrvkqe gkvmrårke vmqm ~m} e}cm b}~vejmlvm lh pmrêhfh mj u}m mrej eo}lfelvm~ nreu}m~

m vêv}gh~ le ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre, ^hormv}fh' lh pmrêhfh fmgkjkvefh mlvrm e fënefe fm 5;=0 m 5;30,



56

H}vre ~mcjmlveãîh amkve le nrölkne m~phrvkqe ë mlvrm h~ vmtvh~ phëvknh~ m h~ elegêvknh~' mtpýmj

Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+, Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ ë }j mtmjpgh fe nhl~vr}ãîh fe nrölkne

phëvkne' nhj gklc}ecmj jêvknh*jmveaþrkne, _hfrkc}m~ }vkgkeqe fm efbmvkqeãým~ qeghrevkqe~'

rkvjh' bhch fm kjecml~ m ~}ovmraòckh fm jmvåahre~,

E p}re' e ~elve qmrfefm ë e ~mc}klvm2 * u}egu}mr bhcefhr ore~kgmkrh' u}elfh ~m fm~ejerre fm~}e~ klkokãým~ m ~m pým mj m~vefh fm creãe' ë egch fm òlknh mj jevërke fm aelve~ke' fmkjprhqk~eãîh' fm klqmlãîh, Mj ~}je2 * vmjh~ fhl~ mj mtnm~~h, M ~þ }je nhk~e lh~evrepegde m' phr qmm~' klqegkfe e~ lh~~e~ u}egkfefm~, U}mrh eg}fkr eh u}m m} phfmrkendejer fm /nhjpgmth fm qkre*geve~/, M~vh} e kjeckler h m~pelvh fh gmkvhr2 * /H u}m qmj e~mr k~~h8/, M} mtpgknh, Phr /nhjpgmth fm qkre*geve~/ mlvmlfh m} e klamrkhrkfefm mj u}m h

ore~kgmkrh ~m nhghne' qhg}lverkejmlvm' mj aenm fh rm~vh fh j}lfh, K~vh mj vhfh~ h~ ~mvhrm~

m' ~hormv}fh' lh a}vmohg, Fkmr u}m lþ~ lh~ b}gcejh~ /h~ jekhrm~/ ë }je nêlkne klqmrfefm,$_HF_KC]M^' 5;;>' p,=5+

Pere Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~' e qmrfefm fh a}vmohg m~veqe egëj fh u}m h~ lh~~h~ hgdh~ phfkej qmr,

U}e~m nmch' ~}pmreqe e fkakn}gfefm fm mltmrcer eh }~er e e}fkãîh m e kjeckleãîh nhjh ~}phrvm~

pere m~nrmqmr, Mj a}lãîh fm~~e fmaknkâlnke' h råfkh ahk a}lfejmlveg pere e mgeohreãîh fe~ hore~

fh m~nrkvhr, Nhjh crelfm phmve fh a}vmohg' rmnrkeqe nefe pe~~m' nefe frkogm' nefe chg fm }je

ahrje òlkne,

Nhjh nrhlk~ve' Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ orklneqe nhj m~vr}v}re~ hobmvkqe~ fe nevmchrke bhrlegê~vkne'

fkmlfh u}m' elvm~ fe hobmvkqkfefm bhrlegê~vkne' h~ bhrlek~ mrej jek~ klvmrm~~elvm~' m }vkgkeqe

e~~hnkeãým~ jmveaþrkne~' prm~mlvm~ le~ lerrevkqe~ gkvmrårke~' m~ngermnm Prhmlãe $5;15+,

Prhmlãe $5;15+ ml}jmrh} egc}je~ mtprm~~ým~ mgeohrefe~ phr Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~, Ë }j

qhneo}gårkh jmveaþrknh e pervkr fm ~}e qkqâlnke nhj h a}vmohg' }je fm ~}e~ nerenvmrê~vkne~ nhjh

nrhlk~ve2 ‗Pmfke }je oeoe mgå~vkne m ohqkle‚9 ‗~mlvh} lh jmkh akh m ndhrh} gåcrkje~ fmm~c}kndh‚9 ‗ë fm ~ekr ~hgvelfh ahch~ fm ervkaênkh pmge~ r}e~‚9 ‗þoqkh }g}gelvm‚9 ‗~m lîh vkqmr

~hrvm' mlchgm*~m h pegkvh fh Ndkne*Ohj‚9 ‗pö~ e~ ~elfågke~ fe d}jkgfefm‚9 ‗jhrvh~ vrmjmrej

lh vòj}gh‚9 ‗kfkhve~ fe hobmvkqkfefm‚9 ‗je} vmjph fh =²evh fm _kchggmvh‚9 ‗gejom repef}re då

fhk~ jkg elh~‚9 ‗Oòaegh fm Jerebþ‚9 ‗genrek~ fh oh}gmqerf‚9 ‗rmjefhr fm Oml*D}r‚9 ‗vrhvm fm

neqegh klcgâ~‚,

M~~e~ jmvåahre~ dkpmroþgkne~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ lhrjegjmlvm mrej nhjmlvefe~ pmgh~

vhrnmfhrm~ aelåvknh~ m evë mlvrm h~ fe mgkvm klvmgmnv}eg' u}m ~m fmgknkeqej nhj h m~vkgh fh e}vhr,



5=

E~~kj' nrkeqe*~m }je eprhtkjeãîh' }je nhlqmr~e jek~ êlvkje nhj h~ vhrnmfhrm~' enrmfkve

Prhmlãe $5;15+,

H}vrh mtphmlvm fe nrölkne phëvkne ë h efqhcefh fm ahrjeãîh m h bhrlegk~ve phr hpãîh Erjelfh

Lhc}mkre' u}m mtmrnm} e evkqkfefm fm 5;=0 eh elh fm ~}e jhrvm' mj ?050, Nhj ~m} m~vkgh

gkvmrårkh' Lhc}mkre vhrlh}*~m }j fh~ nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~ jek~ rm~pmkvefh~ fh peê~, ]je fe~

nerenvmrê~vkne~ u}m h fm~veneqe mre e o}~ne prha}lfe fm }je m~vëvkne lh~ vmtvh~,

E~ nrölkne~ fm Lhc}mkre ~îh prhqkfe~ fm qårkh~ mgmjmlvh~ m~vr}v}rek~ gkvmrårkh~' nhjh

jmvåahre~' bhch fm elvölkjh~' ~hlhrkfefm m egkvmreãîh, Fmaml~hr fh a}vmohg ervm' lîh aegveqe

kl~pkreãîh pere e~ nrölkne~ fm Erjelfh Lhc}mkre, Nreu}m~ nhjh Jerefhle' Pmgë' Cerrklnde'Vh~vîh m velvh~ h}vrh~ prhvechlkerej ~m}~ jek~ omgh~ vmtvh~,

M~~e mvepe fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe vmj ~m} fmngêlkh f}relvm e~ fënefe~ fm 5;40 m 5;;0' efepvelfh*

~m e }je ~ërkm fm aevhrm~ gkcefh~ eh bhrlegk~jh m eh prþprkh m~phrvm, H a}vmohg celdh} lhqe~

nhlakc}reãým~ våvkne~' e~ pervkfe~ aknerej jek~ f}re~ m h vegmlvh' qk~vh fm ~hore f}relvm e~

fënefe~ pe~~efe~' ~m mte}rk},

E vrel~jk~~îh m~phrvkqe pmge vmgmqk~îh' nhj h fm~mlqhgqkjmlvh fm rmn}r~h~ vmnlhgþcknh~'

vejoëj nhlvrko}k} pere u}m e qk~îh ~horm h m~phrvm m h~ vmje~ fmoevkfh~ ah~~mj ~}o~vkv}êfh~, E

vmgmqk~îh mtpö~ fm ahrje fmaklkvkqe u}m h~ crelfm~ nreu}m~ lîh qkqkej epmle~ fh~ gelnm~

cmlkek~' fh~ chg~ jereqkgdh~h~ m fe egvkqm prþprke fh~ dmrþk~, E~ kjecml~ fmjhl~vreqej u}m

h~ câlkh~ fh a}vmohg vejoëj vkldej ~}e~ areu}me~, ^}rck}' e~~kj' e nrölkne m~phrvkqe elegêvkne'

jek~ klahrjevkqe m qhgvefe e u}m~vým~ våvkne~ m vënlkne~' eakrjej Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~

$?003+,

Mjohre e~ fkqk~ým~ nrhlhgþckne~ ~mbej amkve~' mtk~vmj rmprm~mlvelvm~ fe~ fkqmr~e~ ae~m~

m~nrmqmlfh mj jhjmlvh~ ~kjkgerm~, Egc}l~ nrhlk~ve~' nhjh Amrlelfh Qmrê~~kjh m Jkgvhl

Devh}j' u}elfh m~nrmqmj ~horm a}vmohg' eklfe prmamrmj jelvmr e kfmlvkfefm fe~ nrölkne~

phëvkne~,

H pmrstg fh nrhlk~ve m~phrvkqh vejoëj pe~~h} phr }j prhnm~~h fm rmlhqeãîh, Egëj fm ~mrmj

m~pmnkegk~ve~' fmqmrkej nhldmnmr e~ lhqe~ ahrjeveãým~ våvkne~' e a}lãîh fm~mjpmldefe mj

nejph phr }j bhcefhr m ~mjprm klahrjer nhj prmnk~îh m mtevkfîh ~horm h~ e~~}lvh~ eohrfefh~'



51

o}~nelfh }j ïlc}gh fkamrmlnkefh pere e eohrfecmj fh e~~}lvh, ^mcjmlvh ph}nh mtpghrefh

elvmrkhrjmlvm' e phgêvkne rmgevkqe eh m~phrvm m ~m}~ oe~vkfhrm~ pe~~erej e celder jek~ fm~veu}m,

Nhj m~~e~ j}felãe~' e~ nrölkne~ elegêvkne~ ~m vhrlerej jek~ klahrjevkqe~ m jmlh~

rhjelnmefe~' fm~venej Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+,

Pere Nhmgdh $?00>+' e~ nrölkne~ elegêvkne~' phr ~mrmj mtvrmjejmlvm akmk~ à rmegkfefm' egkberej

vhfh }j kjecklårkh n}gv}reg fh~ crelfm~ dmrþk~ fm nd}vmkre~ nrkefh elvmrkhrjmlvm, J}kvh mj

a}lãîh fk~~h' h~ nreu}m~ u}m ~}rckrej epþ~ h~ elh~ 5;;0 lîh vkqmrej e jm~je mtph~kãîh

rhjelnmefe m dmrhkne~, _hjårkh m _hlegfh' fhk~ fh~ jmgdhrm~ bhcefhrm~ fe dk~vþrke fh a}vmohg

j}lfkeg' phr mtmjpgh' lîh vkqmrej e kjecmj rm~~egvefe nhjh h~ bhcefhrm~ fh pe~~efh, E~

nhlu}k~ve~ m e~ jerne~ egnelãefe~ phr ejoh~ lîh ahrej egerfmefe~ lmj fm pmrvh nhj e jm~jeagm}je enhjmvkfe vmjph~ evrå~, Phrvelvh' h~ nrhlk~ve~ elegêvknh~ phfmj ~mr nhl~kfmrefh~ jek~

hobmvkqh~ m nhj }je qk~îh jek~ nrêvkne,

]j fh~ rmprm~mlvelvm~ fm~ve lhqe ae~m fe nrölkne ë B}ne Iah}rk, E pervkr fm 5;36' u}elfh

e~~}jk} h nhjelfh fe rmqk~ve Pgener' B}ne Iah}rk ahk }j fh~ rm~phl~åqmk~ phr fmgklmer e gklde

mfkvhrkeg fe rmqk~ve lh ndejefh bhrlegk~jh nhjoevkfh, Iah}rk' u}m ev}egjmlvm ë nhg}lk~ve fh

bhrleg Ahgde fm ^, Pe}gh' e~~}jk} e qmrvmlvm nrêvkne fh bhrlegk~jh m' vejoëj phr k~~h' ~m vhrlh}}j fh~ ênhlm~ fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe e pervkr fe fënefe fm 5;;0, Nhjh nerenvmrê~vkne' mgm lîh

ph}pe h~ nervhge~' h~ phgêvknh~' à fm~hrcelkeãîh fh a}vmohg m ~mjprm ~m ph~knkhle fm }je ahrje

ahrvm ~horm h~ e~~}lvh~ ev}ek~ rmgenkhlefh~ eh m~phrvm,

Le Nhpe fh J}lfh fm 5;;6' ~}rck} h}vrh nrhlk~ve fm fm~veu}m' Mf}erfh Chlãegqm~ fm

Elfrefm, Vh~vîh' nhjh ë jek~ nhldmnkfh' ë jklmkrh fm Omgh Dhrkhlvm m ~mjprm ch~vh} fm

a}vmohg, Ahk evgmve prhak~~khleg fm 5;1> e 5;3>' nhlu}k~velfh' mlvrm h}vrh~ vêv}gh~' e Nhpe fh

J}lfh fm 5;36' lh Jëtknh' nhj e ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre, Epþ~ }j prhogmje le qk~îh' h bhcefhr ~m

eph~mlvh} m rm~hgqm} qhgver eh~ m~v}fh~2 ahrjh}*~m mj jmfknkle m gmnkhlh} phr jek~ fm }je

fënefe le Aen}gfefm fm Nkâlnke~ Jëfkne~ fm Jkle~ Cmrek~,

F}relvm e Nhpe fm 5;;6' lh~ M~vefh~ ]lkfh~' ahk nhlqkfefh pere qhgver eh j}lfh fh a}vmohg'

je~ fm~ve qm nhjh nrhlk~ve, Nhlqkvm enmkvh, ^m}~ vmtvh~ nerenvmrkej*~m phr ~mrmj vmjphrek~ m

elegêvknh~, Ev}egjmlvm' mgm m~nrmqm }je nhg}le m~phrvkqe u}m ë qmkn}gefe mj qårkh~ bhrlek~,

Pere Nh~ve Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+' e~ nhlnmpãým~ våvkne~ m nhlnmkvh~ vënlknh~ efu}krkfh~ phr

Vh~vîh vâj mj ~}e~ nrölkne~ e~ mtpmrkâlnke~ pm~~hek~ nhjh stgvrh,



53

E pervkr fe fënefe fm 5;;0' h~ pmrkþfknh~ nmfmrej jek~ m~peãh pere vmtvh~ hpklevkqh~, Nhj

k~~h' h lòjmrh fm nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~ vejoëj nrm~nm}, Pere Jeru}m~ $?00=+' m~~e nhl~veveãîh

phfm ~mr mtpgknefe mj fmnhrrâlnke fm nklnh aevhrm~2

5* Pere nhjoevmr h prmfhjêlkh fe~ rmfm~ fm vmgmqk~îh' h~ bhrlek~ rm~hgqmrej p}ogkner

vmtvh~ jek~ hpklevkqh~' }je qm u}m h e}vhr bå nhl~}jk} e klahrjeãîh lh fke elvmrkhr, Mgm echre

prhn}re h}vre~ klvmrprmveãým~ pere h aevh,

?* Nhj e crelfm nhlnhrrâlnke mlvrm h~ bhrlek~' e nrölkne ë }je egvmrlevkqe pere nhlu}k~ver

}j jekhr lòjmrh fm gmkvhrm~, Vhrle*~m }j fkamrmlnkeg,

>* ^}rckjmlvh fm pevrhnklefhrm~ pere h nefmrlh fm m~phrvm~ u}m elvmrkhrjmlvm lîh vkldej

j}kvh klvmrm~~m fe p}ogknkfefm,

6* E prm~mlãe fm egc}l~ nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~ ë }je fe~ ahrje~ fm vmlver eneoer nhj h

prmnhlnmkvh u}m egc}l~ gmkvhrm~ vâj nhj h nefmrlh fm m~phrvm~,

=* H a}vmohg vrel~ahrjh}*~m l}j amlöjmlh fm kjphrvïlnke ~hnkeg' phgêvkne' mnhlöjkne m

n}gv}reg, Elcerkh} e pektîh fm jkgdým~ fm vhrnmfhrm~ lh Ore~kg u}m u}mrmj mlvmlfmr fh m~phrvm

fm fkamrmlvm~ ahrje~,

Ë le~ nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~ u}m h~ m~nrkvhrm~ m bhrlegk~ve~ pmrpmv}ej e ~klc}gerkfefm fh câlmrh,

Nhlvrerkelfh e~ qårke~ fmaklkãým~ fm mamjmrkfefm fe nrölkne' h~ vmtvh~ lmge~ fm~nrkvh~ jelvâj*

~m akrjm~ nhj h vmjph m egc}l~ fmqmj celder e mvmrlkfefm phr jmkh fm gkqrh~ p}ogknefh~, Ne~h

fm qårkh~ nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~2 À ~hjore fe~ nd}vmkre~ kjhrek~' fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~9

Nhlak~~ým~ fm }j vhrnmfhr ' fm Lmg~hl Jhvve9 H~ neomãe~*fm*oecrm vejoëj jmrmnmj h pereê~h'

fm Bh~ë _homrvh Vhrmrh9 E mvmrle prkqeãîh fh ec}mkrh eo~hg}vh' fm G}k~ Amrlelfh Qmrê~~kjh9

Phr u}m lîh fm~k~vh * A}vmohg' Phfmr m Phgêvkne' fm B}ne Iah}rk,

M~~m~ ~îh egc}l~ fh~ nrhlk~ve~ rm~phl~åqmk~ pmgh mlrku}mnkjmlvh fh fk~n}r~h fe kjprml~e phr

jmkh fm rmgevh~ m fm nhl~vr}ãým~ mj egc}l~ phlvh~ gkvmrårke~ m u}m ~}pmrej e hrvhfhtke~ fkvefe~

pmgh vreoegdh bhrlegê~vknh' rmgeve Jeru}m~ $?000+,



54

6,5,> Nhj}lkneãîh' Gklc}ecmj m Erc}jmlveãîh

E eãîh fm nhj}lkner ë }j fk~ph~kvkqh u}m rmgenkhle ghn}vhr' h vmtvh m h klvmrghn}vhr, H u}m

fkamrmlnke h~ qårkh~ vkph~ fm nhj}lkneãîh mtk~vmlvm~ ~îh h~ u}evrh fk~ph~kvkqh~ lmge~ prm~mlvm~2

e ~kv}eãîh fm nhj}lkneãîh' u}m ë e rmgeãîh mj u}m ~m mlnhlvrej h~ pernmkrh~9 e gêlc}e' h

jevmrkeg qmroeg m~vr}v}refh9 h jhfh fm hrcelkeãîh fh fk~n}r~h' u}m ~îh u}evrh prklnêpkh~ fe

hrcelkeãîh gklc}ê~vkne' u}m qerkej nhlahrjm e aklegkfefm nhj}lknevkqe2 ml}lnker' fm~nrmqmr'

nhlver m erc}jmlver9 m h vmtvh' rm~}gvefh jevmrkeg fh evh fm nhj}lkner u}m qerke fm enhrfh nhj

h jhfh fm hrcelkeãîh fh fk~n}r~h' m~veomgmnm Ndere}fme} $?004+,

E~~kj' vhfh vmtvh ë nhl~vr}êfh phr rmn}r~h~ m jëvhfh~ gklc}ê~vknh~ pere evmlfmr h jhfh fmhrcelkeãîh fh fk~n}r~h' u}m qerke fm enhrfh nhj e aklegkfefm fk~n}r~kqe2 ml}lnkevkqh'

fm~nrkvkqh' lerrevkqh m erc}jmlvevkqh, H jhfh ml}lnkevkqh vmj }je a}lãîh pervkn}ger le

hrcelkeãîh fh fk~n}r~h, Mgm mtmrnm qhneãîh m~~mlnkeg le ph~kãîh fh ghn}vhr nhj rmgeãîh eh

klvmrghn}vhr m klvmrqëj le nhl~vkv}kãîh fm nefe }j fh~ h}vrh~ vrâ~ jhfh~ fm hrcelkeãîh, Lmgm'

h ghn}vhr fh vmtvh fmjhl~vre fm hlfm m~vå aegelfh ~}e~ prmamrâlnke~ m ~m}~ phlvh~ fm qk~ve~,

Pere deqmr }je fkamrmlnkeãîh' mtk~vmj vrâ~ nevmchrke~ fe gêlc}e u}m hrfmle e ph~kãîh fh aegelvm

mj rmgeãîh eh klvmrghn}vhr2 eghn}vkqh' ml}lnkevkqh m fmghn}vkqh,

Mlvrm e~ mge~' m~vå h nhjphrvejmlvh eghn}vkqh fm ~}pmrkhrkfefm $rmgeãîh fm ahrãe9 ne~h fe

klb}lãîh h} klvmrpmgeãîh+ h} klamrkhrkfefm $h ~}bmkvh aegelvm lmnm~~kve fh ‗phfmr aemr‚ fh

klvmrghn}vhr9 ne~h fe klvmrrhceãîh m fe pmvkãîh+ lh fk~n}r~h, M~~e jhfegkfefm ahk ~}ofkqkfkfe

phr Ndere}fme} $?004+ mj qårke~ nevmchrke~2 klvmrpmgeãîh $ghn}vhr fm~vene h klvmrghn}vhr'

mlu}elvh m~vm ~m qâ horkcefh e rmnhldmnmr nhjh egqh fh epmgh+9 klb}lãîh $ghn}vhr m~veomgmnm mj

~m} el}lnkefh }je eãîh e ~m rmegker9 h klvmrghn}vhr ~m qâ nhj }je horkceãîh e aemr+9e}vhrkeãîh $ghn}vhr m~veomgmnm lh ml}lnkefh }je eãîh e ~m rmegker9 h klvmrghn}vhr rmnmom h

fkrmkvh fm aemr+9 eqk~h $fmngerer ~}e klvmlãîh eh klvmrghn}vhr9 h klvmrghn}vhr vhje nhldmnkjmlvh

fm }je klahrjeãîh u}m fmqmrke prmqmlkr*gdm nhlvre }j rk~nh+9 b}gcejmlvh $ghn}vhr evrko}k'

m~veomgmnm' ph~v}ge9 klvmrghn}vhr u}egkakne*~m pmgh b}gcejmlvh fh ghn}vhr+9 ~}cm~vîh $ghn}vhr

prhpým' m~veomgmnm }je eãîh9 klvmrghn}vhr ë fhvefh fm gkomrfefm pere }vkgker h} lîh+9 prhph~ve

$ghn}vhr hamrmnm' evrko}k' m~veomgmnm }je eãîh e ~m rmegker9 klvmrghn}vhr rmnmom }je prhph~ve fh

u}eg phfm ~mr omlmaknkefh+9 klvmrrhceãîh $ghn}vhr m~veomgmnm' rmqmge }je u}m~vîh9 klvmrghn}vhr

qâ*~m horkcefh e rm~phlfmr egc}je nhk~e+9 m pmvkãîh $ghn}vhr b}gce }je eãîh e rmegker' ë vkfh

nhjh rmegkefhr fm }j pmfkfh+,



5;

H jhfh ml}lnkevkqh rmu}mr rmqmger h phlvh fm qk~ve fh ghn}vhr ~horm h prhpþ~kvh rmamrmlnkeg

l}j nhjphrvejmlvh mghn}vkqh' ~mj u}m h klvmrghn}vhr ~mbe eamvefh le vhjefe fm fmnk~îh, H

phlvh fm qk~ve fh ghn}vhr phfm ~mr fkqkfkfh' ~mc}lfh Ndere}fme} $?004+' mj2 nhl~veveãîh

$ghn}vhr rmnhldmnm }j aevh fh u}eg ho~mrqh} fm jelmkre hobmvkqe+9 ~eomr $klahrjeãîh ë

nhldmnkfe nhjh qmrfefm pmgh ghn}vhr+9 hpklkîh $ghn}vhr mtpgknkve e ph~kãîh u}m h aegvh} e

klahrjeãîh hn}pe mj ~m} }lkqmr~h fm nrmlãe~9 klvmrghn}vhr ë e vm~vmj}lde fe nhlqknãîh fh

ghn}vhr+9 eprmnkeãîh $eqegkeãîh fm hrfmj eamvkqe fm egc}j aevh+9 horkceãîh' ghn}vhr m~veomgmnm

nhjh ~m} ml}lnkefh }je eãîh e ~mr rmegkefe' klvmrle $~þ fmpmlfm fh ghn}vhr m qerke le hrfmj

jhreg' mj lhjm fm egc}j qeghr ëvknh' h} phr hrfmj }vkgkvårke' b}~vkaknelfh h prhbmvh mj lhjm

fm egc}j qeghr precjåvknh+ h} mtvmrle $lîh fmpmlfm fh ghn}vhr, ^}ojmvm*~m e }je hrfmjmtvmrle' }je klb}lãîh+9 ph~~kokgkfefm $m~veomgmnm }je eãîh e aemr u}m fmpmlfm fh ghn}vhr' je~

u}m phfm lîh ~mr amkve+9 u}mrmr $m~veomgmnm }je eãîh e aemr u}m lîh fmpmlfm ~hjmlvm fmgm+9

prhjm~~e $mtpým }je eãîh u}m fmqm ~mr mtmn}vefh pmgh jm~jh+9 enmkveãîh(rmn}~e $ë fkrkckfh

}j pmfkfh eh ghn}vhr u}m phfm ~mr enmkvefh h} lmcefh+9 nhlnhrfïlnke h} fk~nhrfïlnke

$rm~phlfm }j pmfkfh mtprm~~elfh ~}e efm~îh h} lîh eh prhpþ~kvh+9 fmngereãîh $ghn}vhr fmvëj

}j ~eomr u}m ë fm~nhldmnkfh h} cmre nmrve fòqkfe lh klvmrghn}vhr+9 m prhngejeãîh $ph~kãîh

kl~vkv}nkhleg' aemlfh nhj u}m m~~e aege ~m vrel~ahrjm mj }j evh+,

Bå h nhjphrvejmlvh fmghn}vkqh' phr ~}e qm' ë e rmvhjefh fe aege fm }j vmrnmkrh' u}m lîh m~vmbe

mjo}vkfh lh prhnm~~h, Ë h rm~}gvefh fm }je ml}lnkeãîh hobmvkqe fm phlvh~ fm qk~ve~ mtvmrlh~,

Fmlvrh fe jhfegkfefm' m~vå e e~~mrãîh, Lm~vm ne~h' h ghn}vhr ~m fkrkcm eh klvmrghn}vhr pere

rmgever }j fk~n}r~h amkvh elvmrkhrjmlvm phr }j h}vrh ~}bmkvh' phfmlfh ~mr rmgevefh fm fkamrmlvm~

ahrje~2 nkvefh $fm ahrje fkrmve' u}e~m klvmcregjmlvm+' klvmcrefh $ë klvmcrefh e ahrje nhj u}m h

ghn}vhr rmgeve+' lerrevkqkefh $~m efepve vhvegjmlvm eh fkmr fh ghn}vhr+ m mqhnefh $epermnmnhjh }je jmlãîh' }j fefh mqhnevkqh+,

^horm h jhfh fm~nrkvkqh' lhjmke*~m pere fer mtk~vâlnke, Fm~nrkãîh ë }j jhfh fm hrcelkeãîh

u}m nrke vethlhjke~ m h}vrh vkph fm gk~ve~ u}m nhl~vrhmj h} aemj klqmlvårkh~ fh~ ~mrm~ fh

}lkqmr~h, H jhfh fm~nrkvkqh ë }vkgkefh pere nhl~vr}kr }je kjecmj evmjphreg fh j}lfh'

eakrje Ndere}fme} $?004+, Fmvmrjkle g}cerm~' ëphne~' jelmkre~ fm ~mr m fm aemr fe~ pm~~he~, Ë

}je ahrje fm kjhrvegker, Pere ~m nhjprmmlfmr jmgdhr h jhfh fm~nrkvkqh' ë prmnk~h nhldmnmr

h~ prhnmfkjmlvh~ fm nhlakc}reãîh fk~n}r~kqh~ m gklc}ê~vknh~,



?0

H~ vmtvh~ u}m rmprhf}mj nhl~vr}ãîh ~}obmvkqe fm j}lfh' h ~}bmkvh aegelvm fm~nrmqm h~ ~mrm~ fm

enhrfh nhj ~}e pmrnmpãîh m qk~îh fm j}lfh' rmgeve Ndere}fme} $?004+, H~ vmtvh~ u}m klnkvej

~îh h~ p}ogknkvårkh~ nhj e jk~~îh fm fmjhl~vrer e u}egkfefm fh~ prhf}vh~, E~ p}ogkneãým~ nhj

aklegkfefm fm nhlver ~îh rmphrvecml~' dk~vþrke~ mj u}efrkldh~ m nelãým~ u}m prhn}rej klahrjer

m ~mf}kr eh jm~jh vmjph,

H}vrh jhfh fm hrcelkeãîh fm }j vmtvh ë h lerrevkqh, Lerrer qek egëj fm nhlver }je dk~vþrke'

mtpgkne Ndere}fme} $?00;+, Pere u}m }je ~mu}âlnke fm enhlvmnkjmlvh~ vrel~ahrjm mj

lerreãîh' ë prmnk~h vmr }j nhlvmtvh, Nhlver ~kclkakne hovmr rm~ph~ve~ ~horm pmrc}lve~

a}lfejmlvek~ u}m h dhjmj' ~mlfh ~mjprm ph~vmrkhr e mtk~vâlnke fh enhlvmnkfh,

E gþckne lerrevkqe ë nhlnmokfe fm }je ~}nm~~îh fm enhlvmnkjmlvh~ u}m ~m hrcelkej phr

prklnêpkh~ fm nhmrâlnke, E lerrevkqe ~þ vmj ~mlvkfh u}elfh ~mc}m }j fmvmrjklefh

mlnefmejmlvh fm kfmke~ fkrkckfh e }j akj, Ë phr }j prklnêpkh fe klvmlnkhlegkfefm u}m h~

enhlvmnkjmlvh~ ~m fmaklmj, E ~}nm~~îh fm mlnefmejmlvh~ hnhrrm mj }j mlu}efrejmlvh

vmjph(m~penkeg' ~mc}klfh h prklnêpkh fe hrcelkeãîh,

H e}vhr fm }j vmtvh u}egu}mr phfm eprm~mlver f}e~ kfmlvkfefm~2 klfkqêf}h u}m qkqm m ecm leqkfe ~hnkeg $eprm~mlve kfmlvkfefm prþprke' nhldmnm mtpmrkâlnke~ klfkqkf}ek~ m nhgmvkqe~ nhjh

pervknkpelvm~ fh j}lfh fe~ pråvkne~ ~hnkek~+, Ë ndejefh fm e}vhr klfkqêf}h' vhrle*~m

pmr~hlecmj fe lerrevkqe' vm~vmj}lde fm }je dk~vþrke qkqkfe, Le ~mc}lfe kfmlvkfefm' h e}vhr

fm~mjpmlde }j pepmg ~hnkeg pervkn}ger' h fm m~nrkvhr, H m~nrkvhr ë vm~vmj}lde fh ~m} prhbmvh evh

fm m~nrkv}re m' evreqë~ fmgm' vreãe ~}e kfmhghcke ~þnkh*ervê~vkne,

H ògvkjh fh~ u}evrh jhfh~ fm hrcelkeãîh' ~mc}lfh Ndere}fme} $?004+' ë h erc}jmlvevkqh, Ehnhlvrårkh fh~ h}vrh~' mgm ë jek~ fkaênkg fm ~mr vrevefh' phk~ gmqe mj nhlve e mtpmrkâlnke d}jele m

ahrje~ fm pml~ejmlvh, E erc}jmlveãîh fkrkcm*~m e nepenkfefm fm rmagmvkr m nhjprmmlfmr, H

~}bmkvh u}m erc}jmlve vmlve jhfkakner }je ph~kãîh fh klvmrghn}vhr, M pere deqmr erc}jmlveãîh'

ë lmnm~~årkh2 }je prhph~ve u}m prhqhu}m u}m~vkhlejmlvh' }j ~}bmkvh u}m fm~mlqhgqm }j

renkhnêlkh pere vmlver m~veomgmnmr }je qmrfefm m h}vrh ~}bmkvh u}m ~mbe h egqh fm erc}jmlveãîh'

vmlvelfh nhlf}k*ge e jm~je qmrfefm,

Erc}jmlver ë }je evkqkfefm fk~n}r~kqe u}m o}~ne }je renkhlegkfefm u}m vmlfm e }j kfmeg fm

qmrfefm u}elvh à mtpgkneãîh fh~ amlöjmlh~ fh }lkqmr~h' u}m pervm fe mtpmrkâlnke klfkqkf}eg m



?5

~hnkeg fh klfkqêf}h m }je o}~ne e }j kfmeg fm pmr~}e~îh' nhjpervkgdelfh nhj h h}vrh nmrvh

kfmeg fm fk~n}r~h evë h phlvh u}m m~vm ~mbe gmqefh e jm~je nhlqknãîh fh erc}jmlvefhr, K~~h

nerenvmrke e erc}jmlveãîh lîh nhjh }je qmrvmlvm eo~hg}vejmlvm renkhleg' ark~e Ndere}fme}

$?004+,

Vhfe rmgeãîh erc}jmlvevkqe ~m nhjpým fm pmgh jmlh~ vrâ~ mgmjmlvh~2 prmjk~~e' }je aege ~horm

h j}lfh u}m evrko}k egc}je prhprkmfefm' nhlng}~îh' m~~e e~~mrãîh phfm ~mr ndejefe fm

nhlng}~îh fe rmgeãîh erc}jmlvevkqe' rmprm~mlvelfh e gmckvkjkfefm fe prhph~ve' m e e~~mrãîh fm

pe~~ecmj' u}m phfm ~mr ndejefe fm prhqe h} erc}jmlvh ~horm h~ u}m~vkhlejmlvh~ mj u}m ~m

kl~nrmqm,

Mlvrm h~ jhfh~ erc}jmlvevkqh~' rmgmqelvm~ pere e enmkveãîh fe reîh fmjhl~vrevkqe' m~vîh2

fmf}ãîh' mtpgkneãîh m e~~hnkeãîh,

E fmf}ãîh vreve*~m fm }j jhfh fm renkhnêlkh u}m ~m oe~mke le prmjk~~e pere ndmcer à

nhlng}~îh, Mtk~vmj u}efrh vkph~ fm fmf}ãîh2 phr ~kghck~jh' }je nhl~mu}âlnke kjpgknevkqe9

precjåvkne' jhfh fm mlnefmejmlvh nhl~mu}âlnke mtpgknevkqe9 någn}gh' aevh mtk~vmlvm u}m ~mrqm

nhjh jhfmgh e ~mr ~mc}kfh9 m nhlfknkhleg' mtk~vm }je horkceãîh nhlfkãîh pere u}m }j evh ~mbemtmrnkfh,

E mtpgkneãîh oe~mke*~m le prmjk~~e pere ndmcer à nhlng}~îh, Mtk~vmj vrâ~ vkph~ fm mtpgkneãîh2

phr ~kghck~jh' precjåvkne' phr någn}gh' u}m ~m fkamrmlnkej fe fmf}ãîh phr vmr }j jhfh fm

mlnefmejmlvh ne}~eg' m e mtpgkneãîh dkpmroþgkne' nhghne e ne}~e nhjh }j hobmvh fm ~}ph~kãîh,

E e~~hnkeãîh ë }j jhfh fm renkhnêlkh u}m nhghne e prmjk~~e m e nhlng}~îh mj rmgeãîhnhlvrårke' mj vmtvh~ jek~ qhgvefh~ à ~mf}ãîh fh u}m à erc}jmlveãîh' }~efh~ mj vmtvh~

p}ogknkvårkh~9 h} fm kfmlvkfefm' ë h jhfh ve}vhgþcknh m fmqmrke ~mr mgkjklefh fh jhfh fm

erc}jmlveãîh phr ~mr }je ~kjpgm~ rmf}lfïlnke,

Fm enhrfh nhj Ndere}fme} $?004+' mtk~vmj egc}l~ prhnmfkjmlvh~ u}m nhlvrko}mj pere

prhf}kr e qegkfefm fe erc}jmlveãîh, H~ erc}jmlvh~ ~m a}lfejmlvej mj }j nhl~ml~h ~hnkeg

pmgh aevh fm egc}l~ cr}ph~ nhjpervkgdermj fmvmrjklefh~ qeghrm~, M~~m~ ~îh h~ fhjêlkh~2

eqegkeãîh fe qmrfefm $fmaklm fm jhfh eo~hg}vh' mj vmrjh~ fm qmrfefmkrh h} aeg~h+9 m~vëvknh

$fmaklmj e pervkr fh omgh m fh amkh h u}m ~îh h~ ~mrm~ fe lev}rme+9 ëvknh $fmaklmj mj vmrjh~ fm



??

omj m fh jeg h u}m fmqmj ~mr h~ nhjphrvejmlvh~ d}jelh~+9 dmfölknh $fmaklm h u}m ë

ecrefåqmg m fm~ecrefåqmg h u}m ë fh ïjokvh fh~ ~mlvkfh~+9 precjåvknh $fmaklm h u}m òvkg h}

klòvkg phr jmkh fm någn}gh~+,

Pere e}jmlver h mamkvh fm pmr~}e~îh egc}je~ nevmchrke~ fm h}vrh~ jhfh~ fm hrcelkeãîh ~îh

}vkgkefe~2 fmaklkãîh' nhjpereãîh m fm~nrkãîh, E fmaklkãîh ~mrqm pere prhf}kr mamkvh fm

mqkfâlnke m fm ~eomr pere h ~}bmkvh u}m erc}jmlve, Lîh phfm ~mr u}m~vkhlefe' }je qm u}m ë fm

~eomr php}ger m h} nkmlvêakne,

E nhjpereãîh ë }~efe pere rmahrãer e prhqe fm }je nhlng}~îh h} fm }j b}gcejmlvh'

prhf}klfh mamkvh pmfecþcknh, Mlvrm e~ nhjpereãým~' mtk~vmj e phr ~mjmgdelãe' aemlfheleghcke mlvrm }je nhk~e m h}vre9 phr fm~~mjmgdelãe' jh~vrelfh e~ fkamrmlãe~ mlvrm }j m h}vrh9

fm ahrje hobmvkqe' ~m ae e pervkr fm }j nhjperevkqh qmrkaknåqmg9 m fm jhfh ~}obmvkqh' phr

eleghcke h} h}vrh~ vmrjh~ kjecëvknh~,

Bå e fm~nrkãîh lerrevkqe' mlnhlvrefe mj crelfm lòjmrh le~ nrölkne~' elågk~m~ m nhjmlvårkh~'

m~veomgmnm }j renkhnêlkh u}m prhf} }j mamkvh fm mtmjpgkakneãîh' pere h gmkvhr mlvmlfmr jmgdhr

}j vmtvh,

Ihnd $?001+ fmamlfm e prhph~ve fm u}m h evh gklc}ê~vknh a}lfejmlveg ë h evh fm erc}jmlver, E

e}vhre qek eklfe jek~ ghlcm m fk u}m e erc}jmlvevkqkfefm ë klmrmlvm à gklc}ecmj, Nhj}lkner ë

jhlver }j fk~n}r~h mlqhgqmlfh e~ klvml~ým~ n}be eãîh fk~n}r~kqe ~m rmegke lh~ fkqmr~h~ evh~

erc}jmlvevkqh~ nhl~vr}êfh~ le vrêefm aeger' fkmr m jh~vrer,

E erc}jmlveãîh ë }je evkqkfefm m~vr}v}relvm fh fk~n}r~h' mlnefmelfh m ervkn}gelfh mlvrm ~kml}lnkefh~ h} peråcreah~' fm jhfh e vre~ahrjå*gh~ mj vmtvh, Fm~~e ahrje' e erc}jmlveãîh

phfm ~mr nhl~kfmrefe nhjh kjphrvelvm mgmjmlvh nhm~kqh,

Mlvrm h~ mamkvh~ qk~efh~ pmgh }~h fe gklc}ecmj' Ihnd $?001+ fm~vene fhk~2 nhlqmlnmr m

pmr~}efkr, H prkjmkrh fk rm~pmkvh eh renkhnêlkh gþcknh' rmegkefh~ phr jmkh fm prhqe~ hobmvkqe~'

ph~~}klfh neråvmr p}rejmlvm fmjhl~vrevkqh m evmjphreg, Bå h ~mc}lfh' phr ~}e qm' prhn}re

evklckr e qhlvefm' h ~mlvkjmlvh fh~ klvmrghn}vhrm~ phr jmkh fm erc}jmlvh~ pge}~êqmk~ m

qmrh~~êjmk~9 vmj nerenvmrê~vkne~ kfmhgþckne' ~}obmvkqe m vmjphreg, H evh fm erc}jmlver ë qk~vh



?>

nhjh }je ahrje mtpgknkve fm pmr~}e~îh' mlqhgqmlfh lm~vm ne~h e ~}obmvkqkfefm' e

vmjphregkfefm m lîh nrkelfh nmrvme~,

Fmlvrm e~ rmgeãým~ u}m ~m m~veomgmnmj mlvrm h vmtvh m h mqmlvh u}m nhl~vkv}k} e ~}e ml}lnkeãîh'

phfmj*~m fm~vener e~ ~mc}klvm~ jerne~ gklc}ê~vkne~ fe erc}jmlveãîh' fm enhrfh nhj Ihnd

$?001+2 E~ prm~~}ph~kãým~' mj u}m e~ erc}jmlveãým~ ~m ~}~vmlvej e pervkr fm prm~~}ph~vh~

nhjpervkgdefh~9 klvml~ým~ mtpgênkve~ h} qmgefe~ u}m ~îh qmkn}gefe~ mj }j fk~n}r~h9 h~

jhfegkefhrm~ u}m rmqmgej e evkv}fm fh ml}lnkefhr $pmfkfh' hrfmj+ evreqë~ fm nmrvh~ jhfh~ fm

vmjph m efqmrokek~9 hpmrefhrm~ erc}jmlvevkqh~ $m~vr}v}rej h vmtvh m fmvmrjklej ~}e hrkmlveãîh

fk~n}r~kqe+9 m kjecml~ u}m h~ klvmrghn}vhrm~ vâj fm ~k kl~nrkve~ le prþprke gêlc}e ë u}m gmqe e

ph~v}ger e erc}jmlveãîh nhjh h evh gklc}ê~vknh a}lfejmlveg,

Pmrvmlnmj eh j}lfh nhjmlvefh vhfe~ e~ ~kv}eãým~ nhj}lknevkqe~ u}m lîh nhl~k~vmj epmle~

nhjh rmgevh~ m u}m eprm~mlvej nhjh nerenvmrê~vkne e evkv}fm vml~e2 lmge~ h aegelvm m~vå mj

vml~îh nhl~velvm m h fk~n}r~h ë frejåvknh' phk~ ~m vrevej fm nhk~e~ u}m h eamvej fkrmvejmlvm,

Egëj fk~~h' h~ fk~n}r~h~ u}m vâj phr aklegkfefm pmr~}efkr h rmnmpvhr eprm~mlvej vrâ~ prhqe~

erc}jmlvevkqe~2 h ghch~' h pdevh~ m h mvdh~, H ghch~ ë e reîh pmr~}e~kqe9 eprm~mlve rmn}r~h~klvmgmnv}ek~ nhlqklnmlvm~, H pdevh~ ë e mjhãîh kl~mrkfe lh fk~n}r~h pmgh e}vhr' cmrelfh }j

mamkvh mjhnkhleg ~horm h rmnmpvhr, H mvdh~ ë e kjecmj u}m h ghn}vhr pe~~e fm ~k' evreqë~ fh

fk~n}r~h,

Pere u}m h ghch~ m' ~hormv}fh' h pevdh~ ~mbej eklfe jek~ maknem~' ejoh~ prmnk~ej j}kve~

qmm~ u}m h mvdh~ vmlde ohe nrmfkokgkfefm nhj h rmnmpvhr, Ë pmge prm~mlãe fh mvdh~ u}m mtk~vm

nmrve nkrn}gerkfefm mlvrm h~ pervknkpelvm~ fh evh nhj}lknenkhleg, K~~h phru}m h ml}lnkefhr prm~~}pým }je kjecmj fh rmnmpvhr' u}m nrke h}vre fh ml}lnkefhr e pervkr fh fk~n}r~h, E

nhl~vr}ãîh fh mvdh~ mlqhgqm e~pmnvh~ fh ghch~ m fh pevdh~, Mlvîh' h m~v}fh fh mvdh~ phfm

rmqmger }je eorelcâlnke jekhr fh fk~n}r~h' fh u}m epmle~ e kjecmj fm ~k,

> A]VMOHG M KLAH_JEÃÎH M^PH_VKQE

M~vm nepêv}gh fk~nhrrm ~horm h~ fm~fhorejmlvh~ fh a}vmohg lh Ore~kg m ~}e rmgeãîh nhj e

php}geãîh ore~kgmkre, E~pmnvh~ phgêvknh~ m mnhlöjknh~ fh m~phrvm vejoëj ~mrîh mtpgknkvefh~,



?6

Mj klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe' ~mrå eprm~mlvefe e dk~vþrke fh bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh ore~kgmkrh m e

nhlf}ve m~pmrefe fh bhrlegk~ve u}m jkgkve lm~ve årme,

>,5 H~ fm~fhorejmlvh~ fe dk~vþrke fh a}vmohg lh Ore~kg

Pere C}vmrjel $?00;+' elegk~elfh h prhnm~~h fm nhl~vr}ãîh dk~vþrkne fh Ore~kg' h a}vmohg

nhl~mc}k} fer }lkfefm lenkhleg eh peê~, E php}geãîh ore~kgmkre mlnhlvrh} lm~vm fm~phrvh h~

el~mkh~ m e~ mjhãým~ u}m e jhlþvhle qkfe nhvkfkele lîh nhl~mc}ke hamrmnmr,

H a}vmohg ë h jekhr amlöjmlh ~hnkeg fh Ore~kg, _mprm~mlve e kfmlvkfefm lenkhleg m vejoëjnhl~mc}m fer fm~mbh~ fm phvâlnke fe jekhrke eo~hg}ve fh~ ore~kgmkrh~, M~~e rmgeãîh' fm vîh

ahrvm' ë qk~ve nhjh pervm fe prþprke lev}rme fh peê~ „ e~ mtpgkneãým~ pere h amlöjmlh qîhjek~ le fkrmãîh fe Elvrhphghcke u}m fe Dk~vþrke, $C]VM_JEL' ?00;' p,;+

H a}vmohg' eh ghlch fh~ elh~' enhjpeldh} h prhnm~~h phgêvknh m ~hnkeg qkcmlvm lh Ore~kg' eqegke

C}vmrjel $?00;+, H m~phrvm fm~mjoernh} lh peê~ f}relvm e~ ògvkje~ fënefe~ fh ~ën}gh TKT

gkcefh' ~hormv}fh' eh~ klcgm~m~ m ~m}~ fm~nmlfmlvm~,

H phlvepë klknkeg fh a}vmohg lh Ore~kg ~m få mj 54;6' le nkfefm fm ^îh Pe}gh' u}elfh h

erk~vhnreve' akgdh fm klcgm~m~' Ndergm~ Jkggmr rmcrm~~e fh~ m~v}fh~ le Crî*Ormvelde vremlfhnhl~kch }je ohge' egc}je~ nejk~e~' nd}vmkre~ m negãým~, Lh _kh fm Belmkrh' ahk H~ner Nht' eh

qhgver fm }je qkecmj à ^}kãe' mj 54;3' u}mj klvrhf}k} h m~phrvm lh m~vefh, Nht' ~mc}lfh

_hfrkc}m~ $5;16+' n}jprk} vejoëj h pepmg fm fka}~hr m hrcelker fm bhch~ fm a}vmohg le nepkveg

ag}jklml~m,

Evë h~ prkjmkrh~ elh~ fh ~ën}gh TT' e prm~mlãe fm rmprm~mlvelvm~ fe~ oekte~ nge~~m~ ~hnkek~ le

pråvkne a}vmohgê~vkne mre kjprhqåqmg, H~ ng}om~ mrej ahrjefh~ phr u}mj vkqm~~m nhlfkãým~ fmerner nhj h~ jevmrkek~ m~phrvkqh~ $ohge' }lkahrjm' nd}vmkre~' negãým~' nejk~e~ m jmkým~+ u}m

}vkgkerke mj nejph' ~mlfh u}m vhfh~ mgm~ mrej kjphrvefh~ fe M}rhpe, E~ mu}kpm~ fm fm~veu}m

fe prkjmkre fënefe fh ~ën}gh TT' phr mtmjpgh' Ag}jklml~m' Pe}gk~velh' Pe{~elf}' Ohveahch m

Cmrjïlke' mrej ~mfkefe~ mj rmckým~ lhorm~ fe~ nkfefm~ fh _kh fm Belmkrh m ^îh Pe}gh,

Pere mlvrer lh Ag}jklml~m h bhcefhr vklde u}m qkqmr e jm~je qkfe fm H~ner Nht' fm }jAëgkt Arke~' fm }j Dhrånkh fe Nh~ve ^elvh~' fm }j Sevmrjel' fm }j Arelnk~ Segvmr' fm}j Mvndmcere{' vhfh~ dhjml~ amkvh~' ndmam~ fm akrje~ mjprmcefh~ fm nevmchrke~ fm crelfm~ne~e~' akgdh~ fm pek rknh' mf}nefh~ le M}rhpe' enh~v}jefh~ e ce~ver, Mre }je qkfe pm~efe,U}mj lîh vkqm~~m ohe rmlfe' ohe jm~efe' ohj hrfmlefh' lîh ec}mlveqe h rmp}th,$_HF_KC]M^' 5;16' p, >6+



?=

Fmqkfh à aegve fm hphrv}lkfefm~' h lmcrh ahk mtng}êfh fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh, H prmnhlnmkvh lh

a}vmohg qkrh} evë phgêvkne fm M~vefh, Mj 5;5;' h mlvîh Prm~kfmlvm fe _mpòogkne Mpkvåakh Pm~~heg

prhkok} e Nhlamfmreãîh Ore~kgmkre fm Fm~phrvm~ $NOF+ fm nhlqhner bhcefhrm~ lmcrh~ m j}gevh~

pere fk~p}ver h Nejpmhlevh ^}g*Ejmrknelh feu}mgm elh,

Fm ahrje vêjkfe' }je fe~ prkjmkre~ kl~mrãým~ fh lmcrh fm oekte rmlfe lh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh vmqm

nhjh phlvh fm pervkfe u}m~vým~ cmhcråakne~, Fmqkfh eh k~hgejmlvh fh oekrrh fm Oelc}' le

nkfefm fh _kh fm Belmkrh' hlfm m~veqe kl~vegefe }je aåorkne vâtvkg orkvïlkne' lîh deqke bhcefhrm~

~}aknkmlvm~ pere rmegkeãîh fm }je pervkfe nhj h~ klcgm~m~ u}m gå jhreqej, Fm nmrve ahrje' k~~h

horkch} h~ m}rhpm}~ e nmfmrmj m~peãh pere u}m h~ hpmrårkh~ pervknkpe~~mj fe~ rmnrmeãým~, Hm~vêj}gh fe mjprm~e mj gkomrer h~ hpmrårkh~ pere e pråvkne fm m~phrvm qmkh fe _ò~~ke, Egc}l~

aeorknelvm~ fm vmnkfh~ klcgm~m~ ahjmlveqej h a}vmohg pere jmgdhr fk~phr h~ vreoegdefhrm~,

Vmjph fmphk~' ~}rck} h Oelc} Evgëvknh Ng}om' h prkjmkrh ng}om ahrjefh phr hpmrårkh~ e nhlver

nhj lmcrh~ mj ~m}~ u}efrh~ fm evgmve~ lh peê~, M~~m aevh rmprm~mlvh} }j prm~~åckh fe

fmjhnrevkeãîh fh m~phrvm lh peê~,

F}relvm h~ prkjþrfkh~ fh a}vmohg lh Ore~kg' phrvelvh' e mgkvm fhjkleqe h m~phrvm, E jekhrke fe~mu}kpm~ vklde mj ~}e~ akgmkre~ }lkqmr~kvårkh~ crî*aklh~, H m~våfkh fh Qmgþfrhjh' hlfm hnhrrmrej

e~ prkjmkre~ mtkokãým~ m~phrvkqe~ mj ^îh Pe}gh' m~veqe nhl~velvmjmlvm nhj vhfh~ h~ ~m}~

g}cerm~ hn}pefh~ phr neqegdmkrh~ fm areu}m~ m ~mldhre~ nhj ~m}~ omgh~ qm~vkfh~' mtpgkne

C}vmrjel $?00;+,

Egc}l~ nhgëckh~ nevþgknh~' klng}~kqm' ndmcerej e klvrhf}kr h a}vmohg mj o}~ne fm fk~nkpgkler m

e}jmlver e pervknkpeãîh fh~ bhqml~ le~ pråvkne~ m~phrvkqe~, J}kve~ kl~vkv}kãým~ mf}nenkhlek~vhrlerej h a}vmohg horkcevþrkh phr prm~~îh fh~ prþprkh~ pek~ fh~ eg}lh~' u}m ch~verkej fm qmr

~m}~ akgdh~ prevknelfh }j m~phrvm mgkvkefh,

Lh mlvelvh' e pervkr fh~ elh~ fm 5;?0' h a}vmohg eork} ~}e~ phrve~ fmaklkvkqejmlvm pere mlvrefe

fm lmcrh~ m pm~~he~ fm oekte nge~~m ~hnkeg, H Qe~nh fe Ceje rmprm~mlvh} }je r}pv}re eklfe

jekhr fh u}m eu}mge hnhrrkfe nhj h Oelc}' u}m lîh vmqm fm~fhorejmlvh~ mamvkqh~, Nejpmîh fe

~mc}lfe fkqk~îh fh Nejpmhlevh Nerkhne fm 5;?> m fe prkjmkre fkqk~îh lh elh ~mc}klvm' h ng}om

fm hrkcmj phrv}c}m~e egnelãh} fm~veu}m lh _kh fm Belmkrh u}elfh fmjhnrevkh} ~}e~ akgmkre~'

eorklfh e~ phrve~ pere u}egu}mr ohj bhcefhr, ‗_mprm~mlvh} Yh vêv}gh fe prkjmkre fkqk~îhZ j}kve



?1

d}jkgdeãîh pere h~ vkjm~ crî*aklh~' n}bh~ vkjm~ mrej ahrjefh~' mj ~}e crelfm jekhrke' phr

bhqml~ m~v}felvm~ m prhak~~khlek~ fm egvh lêqmg fe mgkvm nerkhne‚, $NEGFE '̂ 5;;0' p,66+,

Le fënefe fm 5;?0' h a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh celdh} ahrãe lh j}lfh, H~ ng}om~ ahrej ndejefh~ e pervknkper fm ejk~vh~h~ klvmrlenkhlek~, J}kvh~ celderej e~ nhjpmvkãým~ m' nhl~mu}mlvmjmlvm'

prm~vêckh, M~~e klvmrlenkhlegkeãîh j}ferke e kjecmj fh~ bhcefhrm~' u}m pe~~erej e ~mrmj

jek~ rm~pmkvefh~ m omj qk~vh pmgh jmrnefh klvmrlenkhleg,

Nhj oekth~ rmlfkjmlvh~ m ejercelfh h ejefhrk~jh' qårkh~ bhcefhrm~ fmkterej h Ore~kg, H~

fm~vklh~ jek~ nhj}l~ ahrej peê~m~ fm hrkcmj gevkle' nhjh Kvågke' M~pelde' Ercmlvkle m

]r}c}ek, H âthfh fm bhcefhrm~ enmgmrh} h prhnm~~h fm prhak~~khlegkeãîh fh a}vmohg,

Mj 5;?;' dh}qm }j mpk~þfkh u}m ~kjohgkh} h jhjmlvh a}vmohgê~vknh qkqkfh à ëphne, ]j

mjprm~årkh kvegkelh qmkh eh Ore~kg pere nhlvrever bhcefhrm~ pere h a}vmohg m}rhpm}, Mlvrm h~

nhlvrevefh~ m~veqej jmvefm fh~ bhcefhrm~ fh Nhrklvdkel~' h mlvîh vrknejpmîh pe}gk~ve' vrâ~

evgmve~ fh Pegm~vre Kvågke' mlvrm velvh~ h}vrh~ fm ng}om~ fm jmlhr mtprm~~îh, Nhjh e NOF lîh

rmnhldmnke lmld}j nhlvrevh mlvrm ng}om~ m evgmve~' mj a}lãîh fh ejefhrk~jh' lîh deqke j}gve

rm~nk~þrke m lmj lmld}j vkph fm kjph~vh e ~mr pech, N}~vh mrh, H~ bhcefhrm~ m~veqej

e}vhjevknejmlvm gkomrefh~ m phfmrkej ~m kl~nrmqmr mj h}vrh~ peê~m~ nhj h rmnhldmnkjmlvh fe prþprke Akae,

Nhj e~ oekte~' h~ ng}om~ nhjmãerej e rmpml~er ~horm h prhak~~khlegk~jh lh peê~, Je~ h~ jek~

mlcebefh~ mrej' ~hormv}fh' h~ bhcefhrm~ u}m prmnk~eqej fh a}vmohg pere ~hormqkqmr m u}mrkej

nhlvkl}er lh Ore~kg, Mlvrm h~ evgmve~' dh}qm fkqk~îh mlvrm h~ ejefhrk~ve~ m h~ prhak~~khlegk~ve~,

H~ ejefhrk~ve~ prmamrkej fer prh~~mc}kjmlvh à hrcelkeãîh fh a}vmohg fh jm~jh jhfh mj u}m

mge ~m mlnhlvreqe, Mrej erk~vhnreve~ u}m vreoegdeqej mj ohl~ mjprmch~' prmamrkej qmr h

a}vmohg nhj nmrvh rhjelvk~jh' }je qm u}m lîh prmnk~eqej fm h}vrh vkph fm rmlfe, Mj

nhlvrepervkfe' h~ evgmve~*hpmrårkh~' u}m lmnm~~kveqej fh fkldmkrh pere fmfkner mtng}~kqejmlvm

eh a}vmohg' g}veqej nhj eaklnh pere h rmnhldmnkjmlvh fh evgmve fm a}vmohg' u}m bå mre

prhak~~khlegkefh mj qårkh~ h}vrh~ peê~m~ fe M}rhpe m fe Ejërkne fh ^}g,

Le fënefe fm 5;>0' nhj e ndmcefe fm Cmvògkh Qerce~ eh phfmr' h a}vmohg rmnmom} ~m} fmqkfh

rmnhldmnkjmlvh, H prhbmvh cmv}gk~ve eorelcke h m~phrvm nhjh amrrejmlve a}lfejmlveg pere e

vrel~ahrjeãîh fh ore~kgmkrh m vejoëj pere e ~}pmreãîh fe~ fkamrmlãe~ phgêvkne~' f}e~nkrn}l~vïlnke~ a}lfejmlvek~ pere e nhl~hgkfeãîh fh rmckjm,



?3

Pere Qerce~' rmnhldmnmr h a}vmohg m ~m}~ evgmve~ mre }j jmnelk~jh maknkmlvm fm eprhtkjeãîh

php}ger, ‗E prkjmkre jmfkfe nhlnrmve lm~vm ~mlvkfh' lh j}lfh fh a}vmohg' ahk e klvmrqmlãîh le

gmck~geãîh m~phrvkqe' u}m evë 5;>>' eklfe fmvmrjkleqe u}m a}vmohg mre nhk~e pere ejefhrm~‚

$C]VM_JEL' ?00;' p,40+,

Eh ghlch fh vmjph' h a}vmohg efu}krk} }j neråvmr phgk~~âjknh, Mgm lîh ë ~þ gemr' pektîh'

kl~vr}jmlvh phgêvknh' never~m nhgmvkqe' egêqkh' fmrrhve' qkvþrke, Ë vejoëj }j fh~ jek~

kjphrvelvm~ prhf}vh~ n}gv}rek~ ore~kgmkrh~' rmgeve Negfe~ $5;;0+, Nhj e php}gerkeãîh' h a}vmohg

vejoëj ~m vhrle }j m~phrvm fm nhj ahrvm ~êjohgh fm }lkîh m kfmlvkfefm ~hnkeg,

Cmvògkh Qerce~ mjprmmlfm} m~ahrãh~ pere vmr nhlvrhgm ~horm h a}vmohg' enmgmrelfh h prhnm~~h fm

prhak~~khlegkeãîh, Ephker h~ bhcefhrm~ fm a}vmohg ~kclkakneqe evrekr h mgmkvhrefh fh~ evgmve~ m

fe~ nge~~m~ fm~aeqhrmnkfe~' eakrje C}vmrjel $?00;+,

_mkvmre*~m lh~ elh~ 5;>0' h neråvmr fm }lkîh m kfmlvkfefm lenkhleg evreqë~ fh a}vmohg' u}m e m~~e

egv}re m~veqe fmaklkvkqejmlvm klnhrphrefh à n}gv}re php}ger ore~kgmkre, E prkjmkre jelkam~veãîh

lm~vm ~mlvkfh ahk fmvmnvefe klfe mj 5;??' u}elfh e ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre qmlnm} h ~}g ejmrknelh

pmge ~mc}lfe qm,

E pervkr fm 5;>>' nhj e fmjhnrevkeãîh fh m~phrvm' h a}vmohg vrel~amrm*~m fm gemr eh vreoegdh'

nrkelfh }j neleg fm mjelnkpeãîh ~hnkeg fm lmcrh~ m j}gevh~, Nhj k~~h' h m~phrvm lh Ore~kg ~m

vrel~ahrje, H~ prkjmkrh~ êfhgh~ fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh ahrej lmcrh~2 Arkmfmlrmknd' nhl~kfmrefh h

jmgdhr bhcefhr fe ae~m ejefhre9 Gmölkfe~ fe ^kgqe' ervkgdmkrh m jmgdhr bhcefhr fe Nhpe fh

J}lfh fm 5;>49 Fhjklch~ fe C}ke' }j fh~ jmgdhrm~ ec}mkrh~ fe dk~vþrke fh a}vmohg

ore~kgmkrh, Le fënefe fm 5;=0 m 5;10' e Cmreãîh fm H}rh' nhj Pmgë' Qeqå' Cerrklnde m Fkfk'

nhlu}k~ve h oknejpmhlevh fe Nhpe fh J}lfh' mj 5;=4' le ^}ënke' m mj 5;1?' lh Ndkgm' nhj

}j a}vmohg u}m mlnelvh} h~ ejelvm~ fh m~phrvm,

Pere _hfrkc}m~ $5;16+' ahk e pervkr fe kl~mrãîh fh~ lmcrh~ m jm~vkãh~ lh a}vmohg u}m le~nm} h

m~vkgh ore~kgmkrh fm bhcer a}vmohg, H~ lmcrh~ ~îh kfmlvkaknefh~ nhj e nrkeãîh fh ndejefh

‗a}vmohg*ervm‚' nerenvmrkefh pmge nrkevkqkfefm' kjprhqk~h' ~klc}gerkfefm ore~kgmkre lh m~phrvm, H

a}vmohg lh Ore~kg mtprm~~e e j}gevknkfefm m e ore~kgkfefm, E jk~v}re fm reãe~ ~mrke rm~phl~åqmg

pmge cklce fh~ evgmve~ ore~kgmkrh~' nhl~kfmrefh }j fkamrmlnkeg,



?4

Nhj e Nhpe fh J}lfh fm 5;=0' fk~p}vefe lh Ore~kg' mre crelfm hphrv}lkfefm fh~ ore~kgmkrh~ ~m

rmeakrjermj, Pere k~~h' e ~mgmãîh vmrke u}m nhlu}k~ver h vîh ~hldefh vêv}gh, E fmrrhve le akleg' lh

mlvelvh' pmch} e vhfh~ fm ~}rprm~e, E pervkr feu}mgm jhjmlvh' e kfmlvkfefm lenkhleg' nhl~vr}êfe

~horm e ~klc}gerkfefm m e fkqmr~kfefm renkeg' ahk f}rejmlvm nhlvm~vefe, ‗]j fh~

u}m~vkhlejmlvh~ jek~ fk~n}vkfh~ ahk ~}~nkvefh pmge prm~mlãe fh~ bhcefhrm~ lmcrh~ le ~mgmãîh „

h} ~mbe' eu}kgh u}m mre vkfh nhjh vrk}lah pe~~h} e ~mr qk~vh nhjh aerfh‚ $C]VM_JEL' ?00;'

p,;;+,

H lmcrh ~þ nhlu}k~verke ~m} qmrfefmkrh prm~vêckh hkvh elh~ jek~ verfm' mj 5;=4' nhj h vêv}gh fe

Nhpe fh J}lfh fm 5;=4' eakrje C}vmrjel $?00;+, E qkvþrke le ^}ënke cghrkaknh} h~ nreu}m~ fe

~mgmãîh' u}m mrej mj ~}e jekhrke lmcrh~ $Pmgë' Cerrklnde' Fkfk' Qeqå' mlvrm h}vrh~+, Nhlfkãîhm~~e u}m ~m nhlakrjh} nhj e nhlu}k~ve fh oknejpmhlevh mj 5;1?' lh Ndkgm,

E~~kj nhjh akmre Cmvògkh Qerce~' h _mckjm Jkgkver' e pervkr fm 5;16' ~h}om mtpghrer e

kjphrvïlnke u}m h m~nrmvm ore~kgmkrh deqke efu}krkfh b}lvh à~ je~~e~, C}vmrjel $?00;+ enrmfkve

u}m e ~mgmãîh' u}m bå lîh mre }je ~kjpgm~ rmprm~mlveãîh lenkhleg' vhrlh}*~m e m~~âlnke fh

ore~kgmkrh' }j hrc}gdh pevrkþvknh,

U}elfh Jëfknk e~~}jk} e Prm~kfâlnke fe _mpòogkne' mj 5;1;' e~ rmgeãým~ ~m klvml~kaknerej

eklfe jek~, H chqmrlelvm mre epekthlefh pmgh m~phrvm m nhldmnke ~m} qeghr php}ger, Nhjh

ph}nh~' nhl~mc}k} eprhtkjer e kjecmj fe jmgdhr ~mgmãîh fm vhfh~ h~ vmjph~' nejpmî j}lfkeg

fm 5;30' eh ~m} chqmrlh,

H a}vmohg ahk }~efh pere klvmcrer eklfe jek~ h~ ore~kgmkrh~, Mj 5;1;' h chqmrlh jkgkver gelãh} e

ghvmrke m~phrvkqe klng}klfh bhch~ fm qårkh~ ng}om~ fh Ore~kg pere u}m h~ vhrnmfhrm~enhjpelde~~mj pervkfe~ fm vhfe~ e~ rmckým~, Mj 5;35' h Nejpmhlevh Ore~kgmkrh ahk nrkefh nhj

oe~m lh fk~n}r~h fm lenkhlegkfefm kjpgelvefh pmgh rmckjm' ~egkmlve C}vmrjel $?00;+,

Le fënefe fm 5;40' h Ore~kg qkqm} }j rmckjm fm vrel~kãîh2 fh e}vhrkverk~jh à fmjhnrenke, Ahk

h pmrêhfh mj u}m h~ ore~kgmkrh~ ~eêrej à~ r}e~ pere ngejer pmge mgmkãîh prm~kfmlnkeg fkrmve, H

a}vmohg vejoëj eo~hrqm} e g}ve pmge kc}egfefm, H Nhrklvdkel~' }j fh~ ng}om~ jek~ php}germ~ fh

Ore~kg' nrkh} }je fmjhnrenke klvmrle' lh u}eg bhcefhrm~' vënlknh~ m vhrnmfhrm~ vkqmrej h jm~jh

pm~h mj e~~}lvh~ rmamrmlvm~ eh ng}om,



?;

H vkjm YNhrklvdkel~Z mlvreqe mj nejph nhj aekte~ eg}~kqe~ à fmjhnrenke' m e nejk~e pe~~h} e ~mr }~efe nhjh h}vfhhr fe~ eomrv}re~ pmge~ nejpelde~ phgêvkne~ „ à~ që~pmre~ femgmkãîh fm lhqmjorh fm 5;4?' h~ nhrklvkelh~ mtkokrej e kl~nrkãîh ‗Lh fke 5= qhvm‚, Ahk hjernh ~mc}kfh phr h}vre~ h}~efke~' nhjh ‗M} u}mrh qhver pere prm~kfmlvm‚ m ‗Fkrmve~ bå‚,$C]VM_JEL' ?00;' p,?01+,

Fmphk~ fm arene~ nejpelde~ le~ Nhpe~ fm 5;36 m 5;34' h a}vmohg*ervm rmcrm~~h} à ~mgmãîh

ore~kgmkre, Bhcefhrm~ nhjh Rknh' ^þnrevm~' Aegnîh' mlvrm h}vrh~' rmn}pmrerej e egmcrke m e

nhlakelãe le ~mgmãîh, H omgh a}vmohg m~pmrefh phr vhfh~ ahk bhcefh f}relvm e Nhpe fm 5;4?' le

M~pelde' ~ho h nhjelfh fh mtpmrkmlvm m ~mjprm haml~kqh vënlknh Vmgâ ^elvele, Je~ }je òlkne

fmrrhve' > e ? nhlvre e Kvågke' eneoh} nhj h ~hldh fh vmvre, H rmqë~ fm~pmrvh} h~ ore~kgmkrh~ pere

e rmegkfefm fm }j peê~ eklfe mj vrel~kãîh m mj prha}lfe nrk~m phgêvkne m fm kfmlvkfefm' mg}nkfe

C}vmrjel $?00;+,

E~~kj nhjh e~ vrel~ahrjeãým~ phgêvkne~' nhj h rmcrm~~h fh peê~ eh rmckjm fmjhnråvknh' h~

nervhge~ enrmfkveqej u}m e ~mgmãîh vejoëj fmqmrke ~m jhfkakner fm enhrfh nhj h~ lhqh~

vmjph~, H vënlknh ^moe~vkîh Geerhlk e~~}jk} h nhjelfh fe mu}kpm ore~kgmkre prhjmvmlfh

celder vhrlmkh~ ~mj fer m~pmvån}gh~, ]j chgpm f}rh lh~ ejelvm~ fh ‗a}vmohg*ervm‚, Geerhlk

kjpgelvere le ~mgmãîh e~ m~vrevëcke~ fka}lfkfe~ le M}rhpe, H a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh ~m prkjh} pmge

o}rhnrenke m pmgh precjevk~jh, H rm~}gvefh ahk }j fm~e~vrm, Mgkjkleãîh prmnhnm le Nhpe fm5;;0' le~ hkveqe~ fm akleg' pmge Ercmlvkle m }j rmvrhnm~~h våvknh m vënlknh pere h m~phrvm lh

Ore~kg,

E jm~je ‗jhfmrlkfefm‚ qk~ve le ~mgmãîh ahk lhvefe lh fk~n}r~h fh bhqmj prm~kfmlvm Nhgghr'

u}m eprm~mlvh} fm~mjpmldh ~mjmgdelvm eh fh m~nrmvm le Nhpe, Phr ne}~e fe pë~~kje nhlf}ãîh

mnhlöjkne m pmge~ en}~eãým~ fm nrkjm fm rm~phl~eokgkfefm' h~ ore~kgmkrh~ ahrej à~ r}e~ pmfkr e

~eêfe fm Nhgghr, Pmge prkjmkre qm' }j prm~kfmlvm ~harm} }j kjpmendjmlv , ‗Mre }j peê~ à

jmrnâ fm ~m}~ prþprkh~ aelve~je~ m rmlfkfh à~ mqkfâlnke~ fm u}m vegqm e fmjhnrenke m e omgme

fh a}vmohg ah~~mj nhlnm~~ým~ fm ~}e prþprke kjeckleãîh‚ $C]VM_JEL' ?00;' p, ??>+,

Mj 5;;6' Perrmkre e~~}jk} e ~mgmãîh m efhvh} }je ph~v}re jmvþfkne, V}fh ahk j}kvh omj

pgelmbefh m m~u}mjevkefh, H vkjm ngerejmlvm lîh mlnelvh} le Nhpe' je~ ahk nejpmîh, H

Ore~kg qmlnm} nhjh h~ m}rhpm}~' }j vkjm nhjpmvkvkqh m ~mj nhjprhjk~~h nhj h m~pmvån}gh'

eae~velfh*~m fe ~}e hrkcmj,



>5

^mc}lfh Nhmgdh $?00>+' fm~fm h~ prkjmkrh~ elh~ fh ~ën}gh TT' h~ pmrkþfknh~ bå qmkn}geqej

klahrjeãým~ m~phrvkqe~, Le~ rmfeãým~' h fm~phrvh mre m eklfe nhlvkl}e ~mlfh' pere egc}l~'

e~~}lvh pmu}mlh, Enrmfkveqe*~m u}m h m~phrvm l}lne hn}perke e~ jelndmvm~' lmj jm~jh h

rmjh' u}m mre h jek~ php}ger mlvrm h~ prevknefh~ lh klênkh fh ~ën}gh,

H prkjmkrh bhrleg e fkq}gcer påckle~ klvmkre~ fm klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe ahk h Aela}gge' mj 5;50'

~egkmlve Nhmgdh $?00>+, Leu}mge ëphne' lîh mtk~vke h u}m dhbm ndejejh~ fm bhrlegk~jh

m~phrvkqh, H pmrkþfknh nkrn}geqe mj ^îh Pe}gh m ~m} pòogknh egqh mre e nhgölke kvegkele' nefe

qm jek~ l}jmrh~e le nkfefm, Mjohre lîh ah~~m ahrjefhr fm hpklkîh' ahk e pervkr fm }j

klahrjevkqh fm~prmvml~kh~h qmkn}gefh lh Aela}gge u}m le~nm} h Pegm~vre Kvågke' u}m jek~ verfm ~m

vhlerke }j fh~ ng}om~ fm jekhr vhrnkfe lh Ore~kg' h Pegjmkre~, Dhbm' h bhrleg ë }j enmrqh perenhl~}gve ~horm h~ prkjþrfkh~ fh a}vmohg mj ^îh Pe}gh,

H }~h fh vmrjh kjprml~e m~phrvkqe lh Ore~kg ë nhl~kfmrefh ejpgh pere fm~kcler e nhomrv}re u}m

ë qhgvefe u}e~m u}m fm ahrje mtng}~kqe eh a}vmohg, Lh ne~h fe kjprml~e ore~kgmkre' pere Qkge~

Ohe~ $?00=+' h kfmeg ë mjprmcer e fmlhjkleãîh bhrlegk~jh a}vmohgê~vknh,

H prhnm~~h fm vrel~ahrjeãîh fh a}vmohg lh m~phrvm jek~ php}ger fh Ore~kg vmj h ~m} jhjmlvhjek~ ~kjoþgknh mj 5;?>, Leu}mgm elh' h Qe~nh fe Ceje ~ecrh}*~m nejpmîh fe ~mc}lfe

fkqk~îh fh Nejpmhlevh Nerkhne nhj }j u}efrh ahrjefh' mlvrm h}vrh~' phr phorm~' lmcrh~ m

j}gevh~, Mre e php}gerkeãîh u}m aegveqe vejoëj pere h fm~mlqhgqkjmlvh fe kjprml~e

m~phrvkqe,

H prkjmkrh pmrkþfknh e qmkn}ger mtng}~kqejmlvm klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe ahk h Bhrleg fh~ ^phrv~,

Le~nm} lh _kh fm Belmkrh' mlvîh nepkveg amfmreg' lh~ elh~ 5;>0 mj a}lãîh fe ceje nrm~nmlvm fmaî~ fh a}vmohg, Vmjph~ fmphk~' ~}rckrej h~ nefmrlh~ fm m~phrvm lh~ crelfm~ bhrlek~, E prkjmkre

rmqk~ve m~phrvkqe nhj }j pmrêhfh fm qkfe rmc}ger' fm enhrfh nhj Nhmgdh $?00>+' le~nm} epmle~

mj 5;30' Pgener ,

Ahk Jårkh Akgdh' a}lfefhr fh Bhrleg fh~ ^phrv~' u}mj gkfmrh} e vrel~ahrjeãîh ~harkfe lh jhfh

fm rmvrever e klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe, H vmtvh perle~kelh m pmfelvm fh~ dhjml~ fm mgkvm ahk

pmrfmlfh nejph pere h peph fm ohvmu}kj m eru}koelnefe, Jårkh Akgdh rmqhg}nkhlh} e~ påckle~

fm m~phrvm~ fh bhrleg E Jeldî m rmegkh} j}kvh jek~ mj H Cghoh' nmfmlfh m~peãh à~ rmceve~ m



>?

eh a}vmohg, H bhrlegk~ve eore~kgmkrh} qårkh~ vmrjh~ mj }~h u}m efhveqej h pefrîh klcgâ~' nhjh

h prþprkh ahhvoegg, Aenkgkvh} vejoëj h mlvmlfkjmlvh fh m~phrvm mlvrm h~ gmkch~ m e~~kjkgh} e

gklc}ecmj fh~ u}m ch~vej fh m~phrvm,

Nhmgdh $?00>+ phlfmre ~horm e nerrmkre fm bhrlegk~ve' nhl~kfmrefe phr mgm j}kvh fkaênkg, Fmqkfh à

crelfm hamrve fm jîh fm hore mj fmvrkjmlvh fh rmf}kfh lòjmrh fm qece~' ph}nh~ nhl~mc}mj e

hphrv}lkfefm fm vreoegder lh ~mvhr fm m~phrvm~,

Lm~ve ahrvm nhlnhrrâlnke' u}elvh jekhr h nhldmnkjmlvh en}j}gefh ~horm }j fmvmrjklefh

m~phrvm' jekhr ~mrå e qelvecmj u}m mgm vmrå fkelvm fm ~m}~ nhlnhrrmlvm~' mtpgkne Nhmgdh $?00>+,

H ~eomr efu}krkfh eh ghlch fh vmjph aenkgkverå le nhl~vr}ãîh fm jevërke~ jek~ fmvegdefe~' pmrjkvkrå jekhr nhjprmml~îh fh~ aevh~ m jmgdhrerå h ~m} nhlvevh nhj e~ ahlvm~,

Pere Qkge~ Ohe~ $?00=+' h bhrlegk~ve m~phrvkqh fmqm ~mr fmfknefh m m~v}fkh~h, E~~kj nhjh h

bhcefhr vrmkle u}e~m u}m fkerkejmlvm' h rmpþrvmr vejoëj fmqm ~m prmperer f}relvm e ~mjele

ecg}vklelfh h jåtkjh fm fefh~' aevh~' kjprm~~ým~ m ho~mrqeãým~ e rm~pmkvh fh~ bhcefhrm~ m fh~

ng}om~ mlqhgqkfh~ le pervkfe mj u}m vreoegderå,

Ë nhj}j ho~mrqer rmpþrvmrm~ ~mvhrk~ve~ mj fke fm vrmklejmlvh ph~knkhler h~ oreãh~ nr}efh~'~mlvefh~ le nefmkre' m~pmrelfh h vrmklh eneoer pere pervknkper fe nhgmvkqe, Nhj m~~m

nhjphrvejmlvh' h~ bhrlegk~ve~ pmrfmj h jek~ kjphrvelvm2 j}felãe~ våvkne~ m jhqkjmlveãîh fh~

bhcefhrm~, J}kvh~ lîh ~m klvmrm~~ej phru}m lîh vmj n}gv}re våvkne pere klvmrprmver e~ j}felãe~

prhjhqkfe~, Vejoëj lîh prhn}rej m~v}fer pere eprmlfmr, H~ vrmklefhrm~ m bhcefhrm~' phr ~}e

qm' eprhqmkvej m~~e ~kv}eãîh m m~nhlfmj h bhch' lîh rmqmgej lefe, Je~ ë qmrfefm vejoëj

u}m j}kvh~ ohgmkrh~ lîh fmvâj nhldmnkjmlvh pere velvh,

Egc}l~ prhak~~khlek~ fe kjprml~e e~~}jmj h pepmg fm ejkch fh bhcefhr m mqkvej aemr

u}m~vkhlejmlvh~ f}rh~' prmamrmj h}qkr e~ gefeklde~ nhjh fm~n}gpe~, H}vrh~' fm m~vkrpm eklfe

pkhr' jmlnkhlej lhjm~ fm egc}l~ mjprm~årkh~' nhjmrnkelvm~ pere aev}rer egc}j phr ahre,

^îh h~ êlfknm~ fm e}fkâlnke u}m pe}vej e nhomrv}re m~phrvkqe, ^m ë e oekterke m e crkverke u}m

cmrej qmroe nhj p}ogknkfefm' ghch ë k~~h u}m e~~k~vkrmjh~ le vmgmqk~îh, M~vejh~ le mre fh

mlvrmvmlkjmlvh enkje fm vhfe~ e~ nhk~e~, H ervk~ve * egc}je~ qmm~ mlnerlefh pmgh prþprkh

bhrlegk~ve * u}m akne mj armlvm à nïjmre fmqm ~mr ohlkvh' phgâjknh h} }j crelfm p}ogknkvårkh,



>>

Mj j}kvh~ prhcreje~' h u}m klvmrm~~e ë e phgâjkne pmge phgâjkne, H} jmgdhr' e g}ve fm~qekrefe

pmgh kohpm, H mlvrmvmlkjmlvh eh~ ph}nh~ m~vå ~}o~vkv}klfh h bhrlegk~jh,

Le~ vrel~jk~~ým~ m~phrvkqe~ pmge vmgmqk~îh' lîh ~m phfm rmgever h qk~vh fm }j bhch fm a}vmohg, ^me pervkfe m~vå r}kj' }j bhc}kldh jhfhrrmlvh' m~vå prhkokfh aeger jeg fh m~pmvån}gh' k~~h phru}m

e mjprm~e fhle fh~ fkrmkvh~ fm vrel~jk~~îh pece jkgdým~ pere mtkokr h mqmlvh, Pere pkhrer' h

pevrhnklefhr lîh u}mr qmr ~}e kjecmj gkcefe e }j mqmlvh fm u}egkfefm f}qkfh~e, Nhj k~~h' h

nhjprhjk~~h nhj e qmrfefm qek phr åc}e eoekth, E~~kj' ph}nh~ m~vîh nhjprhjmvkfh~ e

rmegjmlvm aemr bhrlegk~jh' enrmfkve Qkge~ Ohe~ $?00=+,

Le fënefe fm 5;;0' nhj e nhl~hgkfeãîh fe klvmrlmv' qårkh~ bhrlegk~ve~ nhj gerce mtpmrkâlnke

ahrej ndejefh~ pere aemr pervm fe~ rmfeãým~ fh~ ~kvm~ fm klahrjeãîh m celdelfh omj, Permnke

~mr e rmfmlãîh fh~ bhrlegk~ve~, Mj ?005' lh mlvelvh' e ~kv}eãîh j}fh} nhjpgmvejmlvm, Fmmle~

fm ~kvm~ fk~pml~erej ~}e~ rmfeãým~ pmge aegve fm klvmrm~~m fe p}ogknkfefm,

Nhmgdh $?00>+ rm~~egve u}m lîh mtk~vm bhrlegk~ve fm m~phrvm, H prhak~~khleg lîh vmj vmjph dåokg

pere enhjpelder nhj rmc}gerkfefm vhfh~ h~ m~phrvm~, Mtk~vm bhrlegk~ve fm a}vmohg' m~phrvm e

jhvhr' qögmk' vâlk~, M~phrvm~ nhjh evgmvk~jh m b}fö' phr mtmjpgh' rmu}mrmj u}m mjk~~hre~ fm

råfkh m vmgmqk~îh nhlvrevmj mt*evgmve~ pere nhjmlver vhrlmkh~ fm jekhr prm~vêckh' nhj h~ Bhch~

Hgêjpknh~,

]j fh~ fmqmrm~ oå~knh~ fh bhrlegk~ve ë ~mr k~mlvh m kjpernkeg le jek~ pe~~khleg årme fm ev}eãîh,

H gmkvhr lîh ë }j jmrh ejelvm fe phgêvkne m mnhlhjke' ë }j vhrnmfhr' u}m ~þ o}~ne e reîh

u}elfh mge m~vå eh ~m} gefh, Phr k~~h' ë m~~mlnkeg u}m h bhrlegk~ve mlvmlfe m~~e pektîh m vmlvm ~mr

b}~vh mj v}fh u}m akmr, Bhrlegk~ve phfm vhrnmr pere }j vkjm, L}lne fk~vhrnmr phr mgm, Lîh ~mr

}j phrve*qh fh vkjm fm nhreãîh j}kvh jmlh~ }j phrve*qh fe~ eru}koelnefe~,

H oekrrk~jh ë }j prhogmje nrölknh fh bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh, Mj j}kvh~ jmkh~ fm nhj}lkneãîh'

h nhjmlverk~ve ae ~}e elågk~m ~horm h vkjm ghneg m m~u}mnm u}m mtk~vm h}vre mu}kpm mj nejph,

^m ~ekr }j chg pere h qk~kvelvm' ~mrå fm~hrcelkeãîh fe fmam~e' aegde fh chgmkrh, L}lne jërkvh~

fh chgmefhr efqmr~årkh, M~~e qeghrkeãîh eh prhf}vh rmckhleg nhjmãh} le fënefe fm 5;50 mlvrm

pe}gk~ve m nerkhne~' rmgeve Qkge~ Ohe~ $?00=+' ndmcelfh eh phlvh fm fm~aegner e ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre

fm }je Nhpe fh J}lfh „ h~ pe}gk~ve~ lîh mlqkerej bhcefhrm~ à Nhpe fm 5;>0 lh ]r}c}ek phr

lîh vmr }j pmfkfh evmlfkfh pmge Nhlamfmreãîh Ore~kgmkre fm Fm~phrvm~,



>6

E nrêvkne ë }j phlvh hlfm j}kvh~ nhjmlverk~ve~ pmrfmj*~m, Lîh neom e mgm aemr h b}gcejmlvh

~m a}gelh fmqm qm~vkr e nejk~e fm }j ng}om h} ~m omgvrelh ë }j qmrfefmkrh pmrle*fm*pe}' phr

jek~ u}m mgm vmlde reîh, ]je gklde fm nhjmlvårkh jegfh~h lîh ë ~þ }j mrrh bhrlegê~vknh' je~

vejoëj ëvknh, M m~~e ë e nhlf}ve fm j}kvh~ bhrlegk~ve~' u}m b}okgej m phfmj' klng}~kqm' eneoer

nhj e nerrmkre prhak~~khleg fm j}kvh~ evgmve~, Aegve rm~phl~eokgkfefm le dhre fm nrkvkner,

Nhj rmgeãîh eh rmgenkhlejmlvh mlvrm bhrlegk~ve m ahlvm' Nhmgdh $?00>+ eakrje u}m vhfh n}kfefh

ë ph}nh, Bhrlegk~ve fmqm c}erfer e k~mlãîh m lîh omlmaknker e ahlvm pmge klahrjeãîh' j}kvh

jmlh~ enmkver vrhne fm aeqhrm~, H prhak~~khleg fmqm ~mr ëvknh9 pml~er mj ep}rer m klahrjer h

pòogknh fe jmgdhr jelmkre ph~~êqmg, L}lne ~m qmlfmr pmge lhvênke,

H a}rh ë e~~}lvh nhlvrhqmr~h, H bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh ë }j nejph aërvkg pere prhak~~khlek~ u}m

lîh ~mc}mj h~ prmnmkvh~ ëvknh~ fe prhak~~îh m eneoej ~m qmlfmlfh mj o}~ne fm egc}je

klahrjeãîh fm nhndmkre,

Jek~ kjphrvelvm fh u}m fer mj prkjmkre jîh }je klahrjeãîh' ë rmpe~~er e lhvênke fm ahrje

jek~ nhjpgmve ph~~êqmg, ‗Lîh qegm ~eomr u}mj fkq}gch} e klahrjeãîh mj prkjmkrh g}cer, Qegm'

~kj' u}mj fm} e lhvênke nhj jek~ fmvegdm~' nhj jekhr rku}me‚, $NHMGDH' ?00>' p,31+, H

nhl~}jkfhr fm klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe akne klahrjefh' je~ j}kve~ qmm~ lîh ~eom ~mu}mr h lhjmfh rmpþrvmr e fer h a}rh,

Eckr nhjh peperek ë dåokvh rmp}fkåqmg fm pervm fe kjprml~e m~phrvkqe, K~~h enhlvmnm u}elfh

h~ rmpþrvmrm~ vmlvej klqefkr e qkfe pm~~heg fh~ evgmve~, Lîh kjphrve h u}m mgm~ aemj le~ dhre~

qece~' le~ jefr}cefe~, Lîh fk rm~pmkvh eh~ bhrlegk~ve~ lmj eh vhrnmfhr, H u}m fmqm kjphrver ë

h nhjphrvejmlvh fh jm~jh lh~ vrmklejmlvh~ m f}relvm e~ pervkfe~' m~ngermnm Qkge~ Ohe~

$?00=+,

6 LMG^HL _HF_KC]M^ M B]NE IAH]_K2 FHK̂ PE_EFKCJE^ LE N_ÖLKNE

M^PH_VKQE

E pm~u}k~e vmqm nhjh hobmvkqh prklnkpeg elegk~er fhk~ vkph~ fm nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~2 phëvkne m

elegêvkne, Pere k~~h' ahrej nhl~kfmrefe~ e~ nrölkne~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~' prm~mlvm~ lh gkqrh À

~hjore fe~ nd}vmkre~ kjhrvek~' rmprm~mlvelfh h~ nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~ phëvknh~' m e~ nrölkne~ fm

B}ne Iah}rk' mtvreêfe~ fm Phr u}m lîh fm~k~vh „ A}vmohg' Fkldmkrh m Phgêvkne' rmprm~mlvelfh h~

nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~ elegêvknh~,



>=

Pere fm~mlqhgqmr e elågk~m' dh}qm }je pm~u}k~e okogkhcråakne ~horm h pelhreje fe nrölkne lh

Ore~kg m lh j}lfh9 h fm~mlqhgqkjmlvh fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe' h~ m~vkgh~ m e gklc}ecmj u}m e~

fkamrm9 m erc}jmlvh m fk~n}r~h9 e dk~vþrke fh a}vmohg lh Ore~kg' e rmgeãîh mlvrm h a}vmohg m h

ore~kgmkrh9 m' phr akj' e klahrjeãîh m~phrvkqe, Fm~ve amkve' ahk ph~~êqmg mg}nkfer egc}je~

fkamrmlãe~ m ~klc}gerkfefm mlvrm m~vm~ fhk~ vkph~ fm nrölkne m~phrvkqe,

H~ m~v}fh~ ahrej rmegkefh~ mj hkvh nrölkne~' ~mlfh u}evrh fm nefe e}vhr, E~ nrölkne~ ahrej

m~nhgdkfe~ fm enhrfh nhj h cre} m~pmnkaknkfefm fh~ m~vkgh~, Pere e rmegkeãîh fe~ elågk~m~ fe~

nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~' h jëvhfh }vkgkefh ë h fe elågk~m fm nhlvmòfh, H~ nhlnmkvh~ }vkgkefh~ pere

e elågk~m ahrej epgknefh~ e pervkr fe okogkhcreake vreoegdefe lh~ nepêv}gh~ elvmrkhrm~,

^mrîh elegk~efh~ h~ vkph~ fm vmjåvkne~ m eohrfecmj mj nefe }j fh~ m~vkgh~, E ahrje nhjh e

gklc}ecmj ë mtpghrefe phr ejoh~ h~ e}vhrm~' h~ rmn}r~h~ gkvmrårkh~ jek~ }vkgkefh~' nhjh e~

nrölkne~ rmvrevej e akc}re fh bhcefhr fm a}vmohg m h qeghr u}m e klahrjeãîh rmprm~mlve lh~ fhk~

perefkcje~ m~phrvkqh~,

6,5 Dk~vþrke m hore fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m B}ne Iah}rk

6,5,5 Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~

U}klvh dmrfmkrh fm Jårkh Akgdh m Jerke M~vdmr Aegnîh' Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ le~nm} lh fke ?> fm

ech~vh fm 5;5?' mj _mnkam' Pmrlejo}nh, Nrm~nm} mj }je aejêgke phgkvkefe2 ~m} pek mre

bhrlegk~ve' e~~kj nhjh h}vrh~ fm ~m}~ krjîh~' m phgêvknh,

Mj 5;51' j}fh}*~m pere h _kh fm Belmkrh, ^m} pek' Jårkh Akgdh' u}m nhlqkqke ph}nh vmjphnhj h~ akgdh~' nh~v}jeqe gmqå*gh~ eh Nhrrmkh fe Jeldî' bhrleg mj u}m vreoegdeqe, Mre h

prkjmkrh nhlvevh fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ nhj pmrkþfknh~, Vmjph~ fmphk~' Jårkh Akgdh a}lfh} h

bhrleg E Jeldî' h u}m eprhtkjerke eklfe jek~ ~m}~ akgdh~ fm~vm m~peãh prhak~~khleg,

Nhj epmle~ 5> elh~' klknkh} ~}e nerrmkre bhrlegê~vkne' mj ?; fm fmmjorh fm 5;?=' nhjh

rmpþrvmr fe mfkvhrke fm phgêvkne lh E Jeldî, Le~ rmphrvecml~' _hfrkc}m~ bå nhl~mc}ke

kjprm~~khler h~ gmkvhrm~ nhj ~}e nepenkfefm fm frejevker pmu}mlh~ enhlvmnkjmlvh~, Le~

påckle~ phgknkek~' efu}krk} mtpmrkâlnke m qkqâlnke pere m~nrmqmr pmãe~ vmevrek~ ~horm e ~hnkmfefm

ore~kgmkre, Eklfe bhqmj' celdh} }je nhg}le lh bhrleg,



>1

H E Jeldî' mlvrmvelvh' m~veqe jeg efjklk~vrefh m ndmkh fm fêqkfe~, ]j lhqh ~þnkh e~~}jk} h

nhlvrhgm enkhlårkh m' pe}gevklejmlvm' e aejêgke fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ eoelfhlh} h pmrkþfknh,

Nhj e jhrvm fh ~m} krjîh _homrvh' prhqhnefe pmge kre fm }je j}gdmr u}m vmqm h fkqþrnkh

m~vejpefh le nepe fh bhrleg' e prhf}ãîh fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ ~harm} }je kjphrvelvm

vrel~ahrjeãîh' vhrlelfh*~m eklfe jek~ frejåvkne, _hfrkc}m~ vmqm fmprm~~îh pe~~h} egc}l~ elh~

mj Pmrlejo}nh' je~ qhgvh} eh _kh fm Belmkrh,

Mj 5;>5' _hfrkc}m~ nhjmãh} e m~nrmqmr lh nefmrlh fm m~phrvm~ m' fmphk~' fm n}gv}re fh bhrleg

H Cghoh' eklfe ~mj j}kvh m~peãh, Mj 5;65' m~nrmqm} ~}e prkjmkre pmãe vmevreg' E j}gdmr ~mj

pmnefh, Je~ lîh nhl~mc}k} mlnmlå*ge, Fhk~ elh~ fmphk~' aklegkh} Qm~vkfh fm Lhkqe' u}m vreke'mj jevërke fm vmevrh' rmlhqeãîh pere h~ pegnh~ * pmãe fkrkckfe pmgh rmlhjefh Rokclkms

Rkmjokņ~ik m u}m m~vrmh} lh Vmevrh J}lknkpeg fh _kh fm Belmkrh, E fm~pmkvh fm ~mr }j fh~

crelfm~ rmprm~mlvelvm~ fe gkvmrev}re vmevreg ore~kgmkre' ~}e~ pmãe~ leu}mge ëphne mrej vetefe~

j}kve~ qmm~ nhjh ho~nmle~ m kjhrek~,

U}evrh elh~ fmphk~' eoelfhlh} H Cghoh m e~~}jk} }j nerch lh~ Fkårkh~ E~~hnkefh~, Mj H

Bhrleg ' }j fh~ qmên}gh~ fm prhprkmfefm fm E~~k~ Ndevme}orkelf' nhjmãh} e m~nrmqmr ~m} prkjmkrh ahgdmvkj' Jm} fm~vklh ë pmner ' e~~klefh pmgh p~m}fölkjh /^}~ele Agec/, H ~}nm~~h

egeqelnh} e~ qmlfe~ fm H Bhrleg m m~vkj}gh} Lmg~hl e m~nrmqmr ~}e vmrnmkre pmãe' Ågo}j fm

aejêgke, H bhrlegk~ve efhvh} h p~m}fölkjh /^}~ele Agec/ pere m~nrmqmr h}vrh~ rhjelnm~,

Mj 5;=0' ahk pere h bhrleg Ògvkje Dhre, Lh pmrkþfknh' _hfrkc}m~ nhjmãh} lhqe nhg}le' E qkfe

nhjh mge ë' ~m} jekhr ~}nm~~h bhrlegê~vknh, Le fënefe ~mc}klvm' Lmg~hl pe~~h} e vreoegder le

rmnëj*a}lfefe _mfm Cghoh fm Vmgmqk~îh' pervknkpelfh fe Crelfm _m~mlde M~phrvkqe Aenkv ' e prkjmkre /jm~e*rmfhlfe/ ~horm a}vmohg fe vmgmqk~îh ore~kgmkre, Vejoëj le Cghoh' lh prhcreje

Lhkvm fm cege' h e}vhr eprm~mlveqe h u}efrh / E neore qefke/' hlfm mlvrmqk~veqe pm~~he~, H

prkjmkrh ahk Bhîh Deqmgelcm' prm~kfmlvm fe Nhlamfmreãîh Ore~kgmkre fm Fm~phrvh~ $NOF+,

Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m~nrmqm} e prkjmkre lhqmge ore~kgmkre fm vhfh~ h~ vmjph~2 /E jhrvm ~mj

m~pmgdh/, Nhj fkrmkvh e crelfm mgmlnh2 Amrlelfe Jhlvmlmcrh' Amrlelfh Vörrm~' ^ërckh Orkvh'

Êvegh _h~~k' Pe}gh Crenklfh,



>3

Ahk mj Pmr~hlecmj fe ^mjele' nhg}le fe rmqk~ve Nr}mkrh' m mj À ~hjore fe~ nd}vmkre

kjhrvek~' fh H Cghoh' u}m celdh} fm~veu}m lh jmkh m~phrvkqh' ~hormv}fh' phr rmvrever h a}vmohg

phr jmkh fm }je ahrje ~klc}ger' rmpgmve fm frejevkeãîh m ph}nh hobmvkqe,

Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ aegmnm} le jeldî fh fke ?5 fm fmmjorh fm 5;40' }j fhjklch, Eh vhfh'

p}ogknh} 54 gkqrh~' mlvrm rhjelnm~' ~mgmãîh fm nrölkne~ m nhlvh~9 53 pmãe~ vmevrek~9 vrâ~ lhqmge~

pere vmgmqk~îh m ?0 akgjm~' klng}klfh e~ efepveãým~ fm ~}e~ hore~,

6,5,? B}ne Iah}rk

Bh~ë Nergh~ Ejereg Iah}rk' nhldmnkfh nhjh B}ne Iah}rk' le~nm} mj u}evrh fm jerãh fm 5;=0'mj ^îh Pe}gh, Ahrjh}*~m mj nkâlnke~ ~hnkek~ pmge Aen}gfefm fm Akgh~hake' Gmvre~ m Nkâlnke~

D}jele~ fe ]lkqmr~kfefm fm ^îh Pe}gh $AAGND*]^P+, Ghch epþ~ nhlng}kr e jeck~vrev}re'

B}ne Iah}rk ahk nhlqkfefh e vreoegder lh Fmpervejmlvh fm Fhn}jmlveãîh fe Mfkvhre Eorkg,

Nerch u}m mtmrnm} fm 5;30 e 5;36' u}elfh e~~}jk} e ndmake fm rmphrvecmj fe rmqk~ve Pgener ,

H ohj vreoegdh à armlvm fe rmqk~ve rm~}gvh} mj }j nhlqkvm vmlvefhr fe VQ V}pk fm ^îh Pe}gh'

phr jmkh fh prm~kfmlvm fe mjprm~e' ^ërckh ^h}e, E mtpmrkâlnke f}rh} epmle~ vrâ~ jm~m~, Phr nhlve fm evre~h~ ~egerkek~' Iah}rk m pervm fe mu}kpm pmfk} fmjk~~îh,

Le jeldî ph~vmrkhr à ~eêfe fe VQ V}pk' Bekrh _ëck~' u}m klvmcreqe e egve nòp}ge fe Eorkg'

rmnhlvrevh} Iah}rk pere ~mr mfkvhr fm prhbmvh~ m~pmnkek~ fe Pgener,

^klfknegk~ve ev}elvm' phr rmkqklfkneãým~ mj o}~ne fm jmgdhrke~ ~egerkek~' Iah}rk nhl~mc}k}

peregk~er vhfe~ e~ rmfeãým~ fe Mfkvhre Eorkg, Perefhtegjmlvm' jm~jh vmlfh nhjelfefh e crmqm'rmnmom} }je prhjhãîh fm _homrvh Nkqkve' prm~kfmlvm fe Eorkg, Phr ~}e fmfkneãîh e mjprm~e m

pmge ~eêfe fh bhrlegk~ve Bekrh _ëck~' Iah}rk e~~}jk} h nerch fm mfkvhr fm rmfeãîh fe Pgener ,

Nhjh nhjelfelvm jåtkjh fe rmqk~ve' B}ne Iah}rk efhvh} m~vkgh mfkvhrkeg eklfe jek~ nrêvknh m

klfmpmlfmlvm, H bhrlegk~jh nhjoevkqh' }je fe~ nerenvmrê~vkne~ fm Iah}rk' eh~ ph}nh~ ahk ~mlfh

eo~hrqkfh m aemlfh pervm fe rmqk~ve, Pgener ~m prhpö~ e jhregker h m~phrvm ore~kgmkrh m' mj

a}lãîh fk~~h' prkhrkh} e~ rmphrvecml~ klqm~vkcevkqe~' u}m vrh}tmrej eklfe jek~ nrmfkokgkfefm à

p}ogkneãîh,



>4

Mj 5;4?' Pgener p}ogknh} }je fe~ prklnkpek~ rmphrvecml~ klqm~vkcevkqe~ fe dk~vþrke fh

bhrlegk~jh ore~kgmkrh, E rmqk~ve fm~qmlfh} e jåake fe ghvmrke m~phrvkqe, Lm~vm m~u}mje fm

jelkp}geãîh fm rm~}gvefh~' egc}l~ fkrkcmlvm~' bhrlegk~ve~' a}lnkhlårkh~ fe Nekte Mnhlöjkne

Amfmreg' ‗okndmkrh‚' mlvrm h}vrh~' nhjprerej årokvrh~ m bhcefhrm~ pere are}fer h rm~}gvefh fe

pervkfe m' e~~kj' e ghvmrke m~phrvkqe, Nhl~mu}mlvmjmlvm' e jåake gmqh} h~ prâjkh~ ~mjele e

~mjele, Fmmle~ fm pm~~he~ ahrej prm~e~, Lh mlvelvh' lklc}ëj eneoh} nhlfmlefh,

B}ne Iah}rk pmrjelmnm} lh nerch evë 5;;>' u}elfh ahk rmjelmbefh pere e fkrmvhrke fm rmfeãîh

fe rmqk~ve Pge{oh{, Mj 5;;=' ~ek} fmaklkvkqejmlvm fe Mfkvhre Eorkg,

Iah}rk vejoëj mtmrnm} e evkqkfefm fm nhjmlverk~ve m~phrvkqh mj prhcreje~ vmgmqk~kqh~, Klknkh}le _mnhrf ' mj 5;4?, Fm 5;46 e 5;43' elegk~eqe h m~phrvm mj bhrlek~ lh ^OV $^k~vmje

Ore~kgmkrh fm Vmgmnhj}lkneãým~+, Lh elh ~mc}klvm' mj 5;44' ndmch} à VQ Cghoh' hlfm aknh} evë

5;;6' aemlfh nhjmlvårkh~ lh Bhrleg fe Cghoh, Le _mfm VQ ' B}ne Iah}rk e~~}jk} }j

prhcreje ~mjeleg fm m~phrvm~ e pervkr fm ?000, Eh gefh fh nhjmlverk~ve Bhrcm Ieb}r}' e evreãîh

fhjklkneg aklfh} mj ?00>,

Lh neleg mf}nevkqh N}gv}re pervknkph} fh prhcreje Nervîh Qmrfm fm 5;;= e ?000 m fm ?00> e?00=, Mj nelek~ fm vmgmqk~îh e neoh' nhjelfh} prhcreje~ le NLV mlvrm 5;;1 e 5;;;,

Ev}egjmlvm' B}ne Iah}rk nhjelfe h B}ne Mlvrmqk~ve m pervknkpe fh prhcreje ~mjeleg Gklde fm

Pe~~m ejoh~ le M^PL Ore~kg ' fm ?00= eh~ fke~ fm dhbm,

Nhjh nrhlk~ve' B}ne Iah}rk e~~klh} nhg}le~ lh~ bhrlek~ H Cghoh' Gelnm% m Ahgde fm ^, Pe}gh,

Pere h fkårkh nerkhne H Cghoh m~nrmqm} fm 5;4; e 5;;5, Mj 5;;=' ahk pere h bhrleg Ahgde fm ,̂

Pe}gh' hlfm aknh} evë 5;;;' elh mj u}m ~ek} pere h fkårkh Gelnm%' aknelfh evë ?00=' u}elfhqhgvh} à Ahgde fm ^, Pe}gh' pmrjelmnmlfh evë h~ fe~ fm dhbm, ^}e~ nrölkne~ ~îh jernefe~ phr

eohrferej h gefh phgêvknh m h~ oe~vkfhrm~ fh m~phrvm,

B}ne Iah}rk vejoëj vreoegdh} mj råfkh, Le NOL $Nmlvreg Ore~kgmkre fm Lhvênke+' ev}h} nhjh

ïlnhre fm ?000 e ?050 fh NOL M~phrvm Ng}om, Ev}egjmlvm' ae nhjmlvårkh~ eh ghlch fe

prhcrejeãîh,

Lh phrveg ]HG' B}ne Iah}rk e~~kle }j fh~ oghc~ fm m~phrvm~ jek~ enm~~efh~ fh Ore~kg' h Oghc

fh B}ne, Iah}rk bå m~nrmqm} nklnh gkqrh~2 E Mjhãîh Nhrklvdkel~ $5;4?+9 Nhrklvdkel~' Pektîh m



>;

Cgþrke $5;;1+9 Jmlklh~' M} Qk‡ $?00>+9 H Pe~~m m h Chg $?00=+9 Phr u}m lîh fm~k~vh *

A}vmohg' Phfmr m Phgêvkne $?00;+,

Bå celdh} egc}l~ prâjkh~' mlvrm h~ prklnkpek~' m~vå h fe nrêvkne fe E~~hnkeãîh Ore~kgmkre fh~

Nrêvknh~ fm Ervm $EONE+' mj ?050' pmgh~ fm elh~ à armlvm fh NOL M~phrvm Ng}om mj o}~ne fe

ëvkne m fe jhregkeãîh fh m~phrvm, Aev}rh} vejoëj h prâjkh M~~h mj 5;;5 pmgh nhlb}lvh fe

hore à armlvm fe rmqk~ve Pgener ,

6,? Elågk~m fe~ nrölkne~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~

6,?,5 Nhjpgmth fm Qkre*Geve~

Le nrölkne Nhjpgmth fm Qkre*Geve~' Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ erc}jmlve u}m e ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre vmj

v}fh pere ~mr nejpmî fh j}lfh mj 5;=4, Pere k~~h' oe~ve ~}pmrere e qmrchlde fe fmrrhve le

akleg fe Nhpe fh J}lfh fm 5;=0 m eneoer nhj h nhjpgmth fm klamrkhrkfefm u}m e~~hge h

ore~kgmkrh,

Le nrölkne' h ml}lnkefhr ae }j jhqkjmlvh fm eprhtkjeãîh mj rmgeãîh eh rmnmpvhr, Pere nrker }j geãh mlvrm ejoh~' _hfrkc}m~ fmlhjkle*h~ nhjh ejkch~' mtpgknkvefh lh ~mc}lfh peråcreah2

‗ Mk~ e qmrfefm' ejkch~‚, Mj h}vrh jhjmlvh' nhghne*~m mlvrm h~ gmkvhrm~2 ‗ M' dhbm' ~m lmcejh~

h m~nrmvm fm 5;=4' lîh vmldejh~ fòqkfe~2 * ë eklfe e ar}~veãîh fm =0 u}m a}lnkhle‚, Lh

jhjmlvh mj u}m e nrölkne ahk m~nrkve' e ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre bå ~m mlnhlvreqe le ^}ënke ~m

prmperelfh pere e m~vrmke fe Nhpe fh J}lfh fm 5;=4,

Pere ~}~vmlver ~}e vm~m fm u}m h ore~kgmkrh m~vå mlqmrchldefh m nhj jmfh fm ~mr hvkjk~ve fm~fme fmrrhve fm 5;=0' lh Jerenelî' ë }~efh h epmgh pevâjknh, _hfrkc}m~ }vkgke e frejevkeãîh

pere nepver h rmnmpvhr m aeâ*gh efmrkr mjhnkhlegjmlvm eh erc}jmlvh fm u}m h~ ore~kgmkrh~'

~hormv}fh h~ bhcefhrm~ fm a}vmohg' ~m klamrkhrkej armlvm eh rm~vh fh j}lfh, Pere k~~h' ~îh

}vkgkefe~ egc}je~ mtprm~~ým~2 ‗M tvrek} fm lþ~ h vêv}gh nhjh ~m ah~~m }j fmlvm‚9 ‗ Je~ h u}m

vreqe ë h ~mc}klvm2 * h pïlknh fm }je lhqe m krrmjmfkåqmg fm~kg}~îh‚9 ‗ E fmrrhve armlvm eh~

}r}c}ekh~' le ògvkje oevegde' eklfe ae ~harmr' le nere m le egje' u}egu}mr ore~kgmkrh ‚9 ‗ Ahk

}je d}jkgdeãîh lenkhleg u}m lefe' eo~hg}vejmlvm lefe' phfm n}rer ‚, Fm~ve ahrje' _hfrkc}m~

rmqm~vm e nrölkne fm }je gklc}ecmj pm~~heg m frejåvkne' }je fe~ nerenvmrê~vkne~ fe nrölkne

phëvkne' nhjh mtpým Nhmgdh $?00>+,



60

_hfrkc}m~ mjprmce nhjh j}gmve e jmvåahre nhjpgmth fm ‗qkre*geve~‚' vêv}gh fe nrölkne' pere

mtpgkner m~~e d}jkgfefm mtenmroefe mj u}m h ore~kgmkrh ~m nhghne armlvm eh~ h}vrh~ phqh~, E

nrölkne' ~hormv}fh' vmj mjo}vkfe }je nrêvkne ~hnkeg, ‗ Phr —nhjpgmth fm qkre*geve~‛ mlvmlfh m}

e klamrkhrkfefm mj u}m h ore~kgmkrh ~m nhghne' qhg}lverkejmlvm' mj aenm fh rm~vh fh j}lfh, K~vh

mj vhfh~ h~ ~mvhrm~ m' ~hormv}fh' lh a}vmohg, Fkmr u}m lþ~ lh~ b}gcejh~ —h~ jekhrm~‛ ë }je

nêlkne klqmrfefm‚, Nhjh mtpgknkve Nh}vkldh $5;;;+' då }j mlrku}mnkjmlvh fe elågk~m rmegkefe

nhj mgmjmlvh~ p~knhgþcknh~' qk~ve' a}lfejmlvegjmlvm' le nrölkne phëvkne fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~,

Ho~mrqe*~m' fm enhrfh nhj Omgvrîh $5;40+' u}m e nrölkne vmj phr hobmvkqh klvmrprmver }j vmje

}vkgkelfh erc}jmlvh~' hre gþcknh~' hre ~}cm~vkqh~ m pmr~}e~kqh~' nhj h hobmvkqh fm nhlqmlnmr hgmkvhr, Lm~vm ne~h' h e}vhr pervm fe prmjk~~e fm u}m e pmrfe fe akleg fe Nhpe fh J}lfh fm 5;=0'

fk~p}vefe lh Ore~kg' nhj }j Jerenelî ghvefh m kjml~h aeqhrkvk~jh à ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre' u}m

eneoh} fmrrhvefe pere h ]r}c}ek' phr ? e 5' am fm ‗lþ~‚ }j phqh fm~nrmlvm fm ~k jm~jh, ‗ M'

dhbm' ~m lmcejh~ h m~nrmvm fm =4' lîh vmldejh~ fòqkfe~2 * ë eklfe e ar}~vreãîh fm =0 u}m

a}lnkhle‚,

E fm~pmkvh fe aegve fm nhlakelãe' Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ mtpgknkve lh~ peråcreah~ ~mc}klvm~erc}jmlvh~ u}m nhghnej h m~nrmvm lenkhleg lh jm~jh pevejer fh~ aeqhrkvh~' h} evë jm~jh à

armlvm, ‗ Phk~ omj2 * lîh qk lklc}ëj u}m nhjpere~~m eh~ lh~~h~, Aege*~m l}j P}~ie~, M}

nhlvre*erc}jmlvh nhj }j Efmjkr' }j Fkfk' }j Gmölkfe~' }j Bekr' }j Rkkldh‚, Pere h e}vhr'

u}elfh h~ bhcefhrm~ ore~kgmkrh~ ~m fm~ejerrej fm ~}e~ klkokãým~' mlvreqm m~~m u}m evrepegde h

fm~mjpmldh' mtmrnmj h a}vmohg*ervm fm ahrje òlkne,

E nrölkne ahk p}ogknefe mj 5;=4, F}relvm m~~m pmrêhfh' eklfe deqke nmrve fm~nhlakelãe ~horm eahrjeãîh fe php}geãîh ore~kgmkre, ]j fh~ u}m~vkhlejmlvh~ mre h ~mc}klvm2 e jk~nkcmleãîh mre

}je nerenvmrê~vkne u}m lh~ mjphormnke h}' eh nhlvrårkh' lh~ lhveokgkeqe klvmgmnv}egjmlvm8

_hfrkc}m~ ë }j ore~kgmkrh u}m enkje fm v}fh' nhjh mgm jm~jh fk' enrmfkveqe u}m —vêldejh~‛

velve~ u}egkfefm~ u}elvh u}egu}mr h}vrh m nerenvmrê~vkne~ u}m lh~ ~klc}gerkeqe nhjh e

nrkevkqkfefm m e jegelfrecmj, ‗^h} fm }j pevrkhvk~jh klev}eg m ecrm~~kqh' fkclh fm }j

crelefmkrh okchf}fh‚,

H}vrh phlvh kjphrvelvm fm elågk~m' }je fe~ ~klc}gerkfefm~ fh e}vhr' ë h qkë~ prhaëvknh fh

fk~n}r~h, _hfrkc}m~ mgmlne erc}jmlvh~ m vmrjh~ u}m nhjprhqej m~ve vmlvevkqe fm prmlòlnkh2



65

‗ Mk~ e qmrfefm' ejkch~‚9 ‗ Je~ qmbejh~‚9 ‗ E p}re' e ~elve qmrfefm ë e ~mc}klvm‚, Fm~ve ahrje'

_hfrkc}m~ ~m nhghne nhjh fmvmlvhr fe qmrfefm,

_hfrkc}m~ nhlng}k e nrölkne vreãelfh e vmhrke fm u}m h ore~kgmkrh vmj }j prhogmje fm aë mj ~k

jm~jh * h ndejefh nhjpgmth fm qkre*geve~ * m prmnk~e ~}pmrå*gh pere nhlu}k~ver ~m} hobmvkqh,

‗H ore~kgmkrh prmnk~e ~m nhlqmlnmr fm u}m lîh ë }j qkre*geve~ m u}m vmj a}vmohg pere fer m

qmlfmr' gå le ^}ënke, ]je qm u}m mgm ~m nhlqmlãe fk~~h' phldej*lh pere nhrrmr mj nejph m

mgm prmnk~erå fm fm pere ~mc}rer' nhjh h ndklâ~ le elmfhve, Kl~k~vh2 * pere h m~nrmvm' ~mr h}

lîh ~mr qkre*geve~' mk~ e u}m~vîh‚, Lm~vm jhjmlvh' h a}vmohg bå mre }j m~phrvm fm je~~e m }j

mgmjmlvh nmlvreg fe n}gv}re ore~kgmkre' e~~}jklfh }j pepmg fm ecmlvm akrjefhr fe kfmlvkfefm

lenkhleg' nhjh fmjhl~vre C}vmrjel $?00;+,

H mvdh~' e kjecmj u}m h ghn}vhr pe~~e fm ~k evreqë~ fh fk~n}r~h' phfm ~mr ho~mrqefe mj

fkqmr~e~ pervm~ fe nrölkne, Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ e~~}jm*~m' enkje fm v}fh' }j vhrnmfhr nhlam~~h

fe ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre, ‗ Je~ mk~ e qmrfefm2 m} enrmfkvh lh ore~kgmkrh' m pkhr fh u}m k~~h2 * ~h} fm

}j pevrkhvk~jh klev}eg m ecrm~~kqh‚,

Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ qek egëj fe oelegkfefm m lîh ~m gkjkve mj fm~nrmqmr' je~ ~kj mj elegk~er hhobmvh' lm~vm ne~h' h ore~kgmkrh' o}~nelfh fmjhl~vrer ~hg}ãým~ pere h~ fkgmje~ eprm~mlvefh~,

$^å' 5;4=+,

6,?,? Frecým~ fm M~phre m Pmlendh

Le nrölkne Frecým~ fm M~phre m Pmlendh' Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m~nrmqm ~horm e nhlu}k~ve fh

vrknejpmhlevh j}lfkeg pmge ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre, H e}vhr' lh mlvelvh' lîh ~m prmlfm eh~ gelnm~ fe pervkfe akleg fkelvm fe Kvågke * mjohre h~ aeãe fm jelmkre n}rve lh akj fh vmtvh * lmj à

nejpelde fh Ore~kg, E nrölkne' le qmrfefm' m~vå qhgvefe pere }je elågk~m ~horm h

nhjphrvejmlvh fm~nrmlvm fe nrêvkne m~phrvkqe' u}m' leu}mge ëphne' lîh fmph~kveqe velve

nhlakelãe le nhlu}k~ve' pmgh nhlvrårkh, ‗ Mre jek~ aånkg mlnhlvrer }je ckreae mj lh~~e~

rmfeãým~ fh u}m }j hvkjk~ve‚, Nhjh nrhlk~ve' _hfrkc}m~ mtpýmj }je qk~îh fk~vklve fh aevh'

fmktelfh mj ~mc}lfh pgelh h aevh prklnkpeg' u}m lm~vm ne~h ë e nhlu}k~ve fe Nhpe fh J}lfh

pmge ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre, ^å $5;41+,



6?

Nhj m~vkgh ånkfh' _hfrkc}m~ fmlhjklh} h~ bhrlegk~ve~ u}m jkgkveqej le årme m~phrvkqe

klnrëf}gh~ lh vêv}gh j}lfkeg fm ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚' fm ahrje jmveaþrkne' u}m phfm ~mr ho~mrqefe mj

nrölkne~ phëvkne~' mtpgknkvefh phr Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+, Eh ghlch fe nrölkne' h e}vhr

mqhnh} h vmrjh mj ~mk~ hphrv}lkfefm~2 ‗Qhnâ~ ~m gmjorej fh u}m h~ lh~~h~ ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚

fkkej ~horm h~ nreu}m~ m}rhpm}~‚9 ‗ M h~ ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ rmnhjmlfeqej2 ‗D}jkgfefm'

d}jkgfefm%‚, Nhjh ~m h ore~kgmkrh ah~~m }j phorm*fkeoh fm pek m jîm‚9 ‗ Je~ h~ —mlvmlfkfh~‛

b}reqej u}m h a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh m~veqe evre~efh vrklve elh~‚9 ‗H ‗mlvmlfkfh‚' ~þ fm aeger fe

Klcgevmrre m Egmjelde' oeoeqe le creqeve‚9 ‗ Je~' ~mj u}mrmr' nhj ~}e klëpnke' nhj ~}e

klnhjpmvâlnke' h~ ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ eneoerej prm~velfh }j crelfm ~mrqkãh' phru}m vhrlerej h~

orkh~ fh m~nrmvm jek~ mrkãefh~ fh u}m e~ nmrfe~ oreqe~ fh beqegk‚9 ‗ M~~m Yaeqhrkvk~jh fh

Ore~kgZ mre h þoqkh }g}gelvm' u}m h j}lfh mltmrceqe' jmlh~ h~ ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ feu}k‚,

_hfrkc}m~ eklfe }vkgkh} e gklc}ecmj jmveaþrkne fmlhjkler h~ nrêvknh~ fe ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre fm

dkmle~' eo}vrm~ m ndenek~, ‗U}elfh h m~nrmvm ~ek} feu}k' e~ dkmle~' h~ eo}vrm~' h~ ndenek~

}kqeqej2 * —Lîh pe~~e fe~ u}erve~*fm*akleg%‛‚,

Pere nhlqmlnmr h gmkvhr fh crelfm amkvh fe ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre fm qmlnmr e Nhpe fh J}lfh

jm~jh ~mj ephkh fe kjprml~e' _hfrkc}m~ }vkgke e m~vrevëcke erc}jmlvevkqe fm pmr~}e~îh' ~mqegmlfh fh ghch~, Prhf}klfh }j mamkvh pmfecþcknh' e nhjpereãîh ë }~efe pere rmahrãer e

prhqe fe nhlng}~îh phr jmkh fm }je eleghcke mlvrm h vkjm fh Ore~kg m h mtërnkvh fm Lephgmîh2

‗^m Lephgmîh vkqm~~m ~harkfh e~ qeke~ u}m agecmgerej h m~nrmvm' lîh celderke lmj oevegde~ fm

~hgfefkldh~ fm nd}joh‚,

_hfrkc}m~ ë fhlh fm mtprm~~ým~ jêvknh*jmveaþrkne~ u}m h nerenvmrkeqej nhjh nrhlk~ve

m~phrvkqh phëvknh' mtpýmj Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+, Mj Frecým~ fm M~phre m Pmlendh ë ph~~êqmg ho~mrqer egc}je~ fmge~2 nhlqmr~e fm vmrrmlh oegfkh $peph klahrjeg+2 ‗ M} jm gmjorh fh

fke mj u}m Bhîh ^egfelde ahk ndejefh pere vënlknh fh m~nrmvm, Vkqmjh~ }je nhlqmr~e fm

vmrrmlh oegfkh, Mgm jm fkke h Bhîh2 * —Qejh~ celder fm u}egu}mr jelmkre% H nelmnh ë

lh~~h%‛ ‚9 oeoer le creqeve $efjkrer+2 ‗H —mlvmlfkfh‛' ~þ fm aeger fe Klcgevmrre m Egmjelde'

oeoeqe le creqeve‚9 m~nrkvh då 1 jkg elh~ $mre h fm~vklh+2 ‗U}m mgm ~mrke lh~~h m~veqe m~nrkvh

då 1 jkg elh~‚9 chg arelnk~nelh $jk~mråqmg' m~ne~~h+2 ‗U}mj am h chg fe Kvågke' h arelnk~nelh

chg fe Kvågke' lîh ahrej h~ kvegkelh~‚9 þoqkh }g}gelvm $mqkfmlvm+2 ‗ M~~m Yaeqhrkvk~jh fh Ore~kgZ

mre h þoqkh }g}gelvm' u}m h j}lfh mltmrceqe' jmlh~ h~ —mlvmlfkfh~‛ feu}k‚9 m oeldh fm



6>

Pe}gklde Ohlepervm $oeldh fm nge~~m' omgme' lhorme+2 ‗ Elvm~ u}m m} jm m~u}mãe' prmnk~h

ho~mrqer h mqkfmlvê~~kjh2 * celdelfh felfh' lh efqmr~årkh' oeldh fm Pe}gklde Ohlepervm‚,

Epmle~ lh~ vrâ~ ògvkjh~ peråcreah~' h ml}lnkefhr }vkgke fe lerreãîh pere fm~nrmqmr gelnm~ fe

pervkfe' fmjhl~vrelfh u}m h crelfm jhvm fe nrölkne ahk e nrêvkne eh~ bhrlegk~ve~, Fm ahrje

pevâjkne „ mj o}~ne fm nepver h gmkvhr pmge mjhãîh *' h chg jernefh phr Pmgë jmrmnm}

fm~veu}m2 ‗ E neomãefe fm Pmgë' le eomrv}re fe nhlvecmj' ahk egch fm klnhlnmoêqmg, Mgm ~}ok}'

gmqm' u}e~m egefh' m mlakh} lh nelvh, Mj ~}je' nefe chg fh~ lh~~h~ ë }je prmnkh~kfefm‚, Lm~vm

jhjmlvh' ë ph~~êqmg ho~mrqer h m~vkgh mr}fkvh u}m nerenvmrke e nrölkne phëvkne,

H nrhlk~ve ae }j jhqkjmlvh fm eprhtkjeãîh fh gmkvhr m' à~ qmm~' ~m nhghne mlvrm mgm~, L}j prkjmkrh jhjmlvh' pere nrker }j geãh fm nhlakfmlnkegkfefm' h rmnmpvhr rmnmom e fmlhjkleãîh

fm ejkch2 ‗ Ejkch' ahk e jek~ omge qkvþrke fh a}vmohg j}lfkeg fm vhfh~ h~ vmjph~‚, Pere rmahrãer

m~~e rmgeãîh' h ml}lnkefhr ~m nhghne mlvrm mgm~2 ‗ Fmphk~ h Pereê~h' bejek~ dh}qm }j a}vmohg

nhjh h lh~~h‚, Prhqe fm~~e eprhtkjeãîh ë u}m e~ pegeqre~ lh~~h' lh~~h~' lh~~e m lþ~ epermnmj

56 qmm~ eh ghlch fe nrölkne,

E~ nrölkne~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ ~îh nhldmnkfe~ phr vmrmj }je gklc}ecmj pm~~heg m aelve~kh~e pere fer nhlve fm~~m m~pmvån}gh kjprmqk~êqmg m frejåvknh u}m ë h a}vmohg' fm~vene Jeru}m~

$?00=+, Nhlv}fh' à~ qmm~' e aelve~ke ~m vhrle jekhr u}m h prþprkh aevh' fk~vhrnmlfh m'

nhl~mu÷mlvmjmlvm' jelkp}gelfh e klahrjeãîh, Lm~ve nrölkne' ë amkve jmlãîh à~ aklek~ fe~

Nhpe~ u}m vkqmrej }je fk~p}ve jek~ klvml~e' _hfrkc}m~ mtmjpgkakne nhj e fmnk~îh fm 5;>4' le

Arelãe2 ‗Vhfe~ e~ aklegê~~kje~ ~îh f}rê~~kje~, Egmjelde t Kvågke' mj >4' mtkck} prhrrhceãîh,

U}elfh eneoh}' h~ nreu}m~ fmkveqej*~m lh ndîh' j}kvh jek~ jhrvh~ fh u}m qkqh~‚,

Le qmrfefm' Egmjelde m Kvågke lîh ~m mlarmlverej le rmamrkfe Nhpe fh J}lfh, E ~mgmãîh egmjî

ahk mgkjklefe eklfe lh prkjmkrh bhch' fmrrhve phr 6 e ? pere e ^}êãe lh nhlarhlvh fm~mjpevm, E

akleg feu}mgm j}lfkeg' fk~p}vefe mj Perk~' rm}lk} kvegkelh~ m dòlcerh~, E pervkfe vejoëj lîh

m~vmqm lmj pmrvh fe prhrrhceãîh2 u}evrh e fhk~ pere e Kvågke' evë mlvîh h rm~}gvefh jek~ gerch mj

aklek~, Mrrh~ nre~~h~ fm klahrjeãîh nhjh m~~m ~îh qk~vh~ nhj armu}âlnke le~ nrölkne~

rhjelnmefe~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~, Nhjh Nhmgdh $?00>+ mg}nkfe' e~ nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~

phëvkne~ lîh c}erfeqej rmgeãîh akfmfkcle nhj h aevh,

6,>,> E _megme fm Pmgë



66

Mj E _megme fm Pmgë' pmge prkjmkre qm' h bhcefhr Ëf~hl Erelvm~ fh Le~nkjmlvh' nhldmnkfh

nhjh Pmgë' ahk ndejefh fm rmk, ‗ M Pmgë gmqe ~horm h~ fmjek~ bhcefhrm~ }je qelvecmj

nhl~kfmråqmg2 * e fm ~m ~mlvkr rmk fe neomãe eh~ pë~‚, E nrölkne ahk p}ogknefe mj ?= fm

amqmrmkrh fm 5;=4, Pmgë' u}m vklde epmle~ fmm~~mvm elh~' deqke jernefh' fke~ elvm~' u}evrh chg~'

mj pgmlh Jerenelî' le qkvþrke fh ~m} ng}om' h êlvh~' ~horm h Ejërkne*_B phr = e >, ^}e

ev}eãîh jhlhphgkh} e nhomrv}re m~phrvkqe le ëphne, Eu}mgm ~mrke epmle~ }j klfênkh fe~

crelfm~ bhcefe~ u}m prhvechlkerke fegk mj fkelvm, ‗Qmbej h u}m mgm am' h}vrh fke' lh bå

rmamrkfh Ejërkne t êlvh~, Mlakh}' m u}e~m ~mjprm pmgh m~ahrãh pm~~heg' u}evrh chg~ mj

Phjpëke, ^hkldh' gku}kfh} e pervkfe' gku}kfh} h Ejërkne' jhlhphgkh} h pgener ‚,

Nhjh Nhmgdh $?00>+ mtpgknkve' e ae~m phëvkne fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe' fe u}eg Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ ë

}j fh~ mtphmlvm~' nrke }je kjecmj jêvkne ~horm h~ bhcefhrm~, Pmge ahrje nhjh h~ gelnm~ m h~

prþprkh~ evgmve~ ~îh fm~nrkvh~' vejelde e ~mf}ãîh epgknefe pmgh nrhlk~ve' h~ evgmve~ fmktej fm ~mr

epmle~ ~kjpgm~ m~phrvk~ve~ m ~m vhrlej dmrþk~ lenkhlek~, Ë h ne~h fm Pmgë lm~ve nrölkne,

Nhl~vr}klfh }je fmlhjkleãîh m~pmnêakne' _hfrkc}m~ fm~kcle Pmgë nhjh ‗rmk‚, Vmrjh~ nhjh

m~vm fmjhl~vrej h mlcrelfmnkjmlvh qeghrevkqh prhph~vh pmge~ nrölkne~ phëvkne~,

Pere fmjhl~vrer u}m Pmgë rmegjmlvm mre }j bhcefhr fkamrmlnkefh' }je rmegme fh a}vmohg'

_hfrkc}m~ }vkgke fe m~vrevëcke erc}jmlvevkqe phr pmr~}e~îh' h ghch~' erc}jmlvh~ klvmgmnv}ek~

nhlqklnmlvm~' m h pdevh~' }~h fe mjhãîh lh fk~n}r~h, Nhjh prmjk~~e' m~vå e ~}pmrkhrkfefm

fmjhl~vrefe pmgh evenelvm fh êlvh~2 ‗U}mrh nrmr u}m e ~}e jekhr qkrv}fm ë' b}~vejmlvm' e

kjhfë~vke eo~hg}ve, Pým~ phr nkje fm v}fh m fm vhfh~, M eneoe klvkjkfelfh e prþprke ohge' u}m

qmj eh~ ~m}~ pë~ nhj }je gejokfe fhnkgkfefm fm nefmgklde‚,

Egc}je~ nkveãým~ ~îh fk~ph~ve~ pere nhjprhqer u}m Pmgë m~veqe nkmlvm fh u}m mgm rmprm~mlveqe m

h u}m qkrke e rmprm~mlver pere h a}vmohg2 ‗ M h jm} pmr~hlecmj vmj }je veg ~ml~eãîh fm

~}pmrkhrkfefm u}m lîh ae nmrkjölke~, Bå gdm pmrc}lverej2 * —U}mj ë h jekhr jmke fh

j}lfh8‛ Mgm rm~phlfm}' nhj e âlae~m fe~ nmrvme~ mvmrle~2 * —M}‛, Kl~k~vkrej2 * —U}eg ë h

jekhr phlve fh j}lfh8‛ M Pmgë2 * —M}‛ ‚, Lm~vm jhjmlvh' _hfrkc}m~ mghcke e kjhfë~vke fh rmk m

nrkvkne e d}jkgfefm fh nhjpgmth fm qkre*geve~ fh ore~kgmkrh,

E nrölkne ae }j peregmgh mlvrm Pmgë m ~}e e}vhnhlakelãe m h ore~kgmkrh m ~}e d}jkgfefm, E vm~m

fe nrölkne ë fm u}m nhj Pmgë' h Ore~kg m e ~mgmãîh qîh gmqelver e neomãe, Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ nrke



6=

}j kfmårkh fm ore~kgkfefm' rmgenkhlelfh' nhj armu}âlnke' h ore~kgmkrh m h a}vmohg' mj a}lãîh fe

rmgeãîh fh m~phrvm nhj e ~hnkmfefm ore~kgmkre' e~~kj mtph~ve phr Neprerh $?003+,

Mj ~mc}kfe' qmj e e~~mrãîh fm pe~~ecmj' u}m phfm ~mr ndejefe fm prhqe h} erc}jmlvh ~horm

h~ u}m~vkhlejmlvh~ mj u}m ~m kl~nrmqm' h~ amkvh~ fh nreu}m2 u}evrh chg~ mj }je crelfm pervkfe'

~mlfh }j fmgm~ frkogelfh h vkjm vhfh, Pere k~~h' ë }vkgkefe e fm~nrkãîh pere jmgdhr

mlvmlfkjmlvh fh gmkvhr, Pe~~h e pe~~h fh bhcefhr' fh jhjmlvh mj u}m mgm fhjkle e ohge evë e

aklegkeãîh' ë lerrefh pmgh ho~mrqefhr fh aevh2 ‗ Eklfe lh prkjmkrh vmjph' mgm rmnmom h nhrh lh

jmkh fh nejph, H}vrh u}egu}mr vmrke fm~pendefh, Pmgë' lîh, Hgde pere e armlvm m h nejkldh

evë h chg m~vå mlv}pkfh fm efqmr~årkh~, Je~ h dhjmj rm~hgqm aemr v}fh ~hkldh, Frkoge h

prkjmkrh m h ~mc}lfh, Qmj*gdm eh mlnegãh' amrhjmlvm' h vmrnmkrh' u}m Pmgë nhrve ~ml~enkhlegjmlvm, L}je pegeqre2 * ~mj pe~~er e lklc}ëj m ~mj e eb}fe fm lklc}ëj' mgm

prhjhqm} e fm~vr}kãîh jkl}nkh~e m ~åfkne fe fmam~e r}ore‚, Vmrjh~ nhjh amrhjmlvm'

~ml~enkhlegjmlvm' fm~vr}kãîh rmqmgej h gefh frejåvknh kjprm~~h phr _hfrkc}m~' e~~kj mtph~vh

phr Nhmgdh $?00>+,

Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ nhl~mc}m' eh ghlch fe nrölkne' b}~vkakner h h}~efh vêv}gh fe nrölkne' E

_megme fm Pmgë, Pere u}m h gmkvhr ~m nhlqmlãe fm veg eakrjevkqe' rmegke }je ~ërkm fmefbmvkqeãým~ qeghrevkqe~' fm ahrje pevâjkne „ mtpghrelfh e mjhãîh *' vrel~ahrjelfh }j evgmve

nhj epmle~ fhk~ elh~ fm nerrmkre mj }j qmrfefmkrh rmk fh a}vmohg, Lh prkjmkrh peråcreah' då

}je eg}~îh mlvrm h bhcefhr fh ^elvh~ m }j fh~ jekhrm~ fmaml~hrm~ fe dk~vþrke' Fhjklch~ fe

C}ke2 ‗Crelfm akc}re u}m h jm} nhlarefm Egomrv Ge}rmlnm ndeje fm —h Fhjklch~ fe C}ke fh

eveu}m‛ ‚, Ghch mj ~mc}kfe' qmj e egn}lde fm rmk2 ‗ Fkr*~m*ke }j rmk' lîh ~mk ~m Gmer' ~m

kjpmrefhr Bhlm~' ~m mvêhpm $,,,+, H u}m ndejejh~ fm rmegme ë' enkje fm v}fh' }j m~vefh fm

egje‚,

Lh ~mc}lfh peråcreah' m~vå }je fe~ erc}jmlveãým~ jek~ ahrvm~ u}elvh à crelfme fm Pmgë2

‗ Je~ h aeo}gh~h nreu}m pým lh u}m fk }je veg nerce fm nhlqknãîh' u}m lklc}ëj rmecm m vhfh~

pe~~ej e efjkvkr u}m mgm ~mbe' rmegjmlvm' h jekhr fm vhfe~ e~ ph~kãým~‚, Nhj ~m} rmo}~nefh

gmu}m fm mtprm~~ým~' h nrhlk~ve klknke h vmrnmkrh peråcreah fmlhjklelfh h cerhvh fm fmm~~mvm

elh~ nhjh nreu}m kjpgenåqmg2 ‗Hre' pere aemr }j chg e~~kj lîh oe~ve epmle~ h ~kjpgm~ m

p}rh a}vmohg, Ë prmnk~h egch jek~' h} ~mbe' m~~e pgmlkv}fm fm nhlakelãe' fm nmrvme' fm

hvkjk~jh' u}m ae fm Pmgë h nreu}m kjoevêqmg ‚,



61

Pere aklegker e nrölkne' _hfrkc}m~ mtpgknkve u}m Pmgë fmqmrke ~mr h gêfmr m' jek~ fh u}m k~~h' }j

m~pmgdh pere h~ h}vrh~ bhcefhrm~ fe ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre, Pmgë vklde e}vhm~vkje * h u}m aegveqe eh~

ore~kgmkrh~ *' kjprm~nklfêqmg pere e nhlu}k~ve fm }je Nhpe fh J}lfh, Mre h dmrþk lenkhleg u}m

prmnk~åqejh~ pere ~egqer e ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre' prhprkmfefm fe nrölkne phëvkne' mtpgknkvefh phr

Nhmgdh $?00>+, ‗ Dhbm' evë }je nejoetkrre ~eom u}m Pmgë ë kjprm~nklfêqmg le ahrjeãîh fm

u}egu}mr m~nrmvm, Le ^}ënke' mgm lîh vrmjmrå fm lklc}ëj, Då fm hgder h~ dòlcerh~' h~

klcgm~m~' h~ r}~~h~ fm egvh e oekth, Lîh ~m klamrkhrkerå fkelvm fm lklc}ëj, M ë fm~~e evkv}fm

qkrkg m jm~jh kl~hgmlvm u}m prmnk~ejh~, ^kj' ejkch~2 * eph~vh u}m Pmgë qek ender vhfh~ h~

lh~~h~ efqmr~årkh~ }l~ pmrle~*fm*pe}‚,

Jek~ }je qm mtpgknkve h nhjphrvejmlvh prhaëvknh, E nrölkne eneoh} ~mlfh }j prm~~åckh fhu}m qkrke e enhlvmnmr, Leu}mgm elh' 5;=4' Pmgë ahk pere klvmcrer e ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre u}m

fk~p}verke e Nhpe fh J}lfh le ^}ënke, Gå' h bhqmj Pmgë nhlakrjh} e mtpmnvevkqe fmph~kvefe

mj rmgeãîh eh ~m} a}vmohg2 jernh} ~mk~ chg~' ~mlfh fhk~ le akleg fkelvm fh~ fhlh~ fe ne~e' m

e}tkgkh} h Ore~kg e nhlu}k~ver ~m} prkjmkrh crelfm vêv}gh klvmrnhlvklmlveg,

>,?,6 Chg Jkg

Mj Chg Jkg mlnhlvre*~m h rmck~vrh fh jkgë~kjh chg fm Pmgë' jernefh mj 5; fm lhqmjorh fm

5;1;' le pervkfe mlvrm êlvh~ m Qe~nh' lh _kh fm Belmkrh' qågkfe pmgh Vhrlmkh _kh*^îh Pe}gh,

_hfrkc}m~ klknke e nrölkne aemlfh }j jhqkjmlvh fm eprhtkjeãîh fh gmkvhr' fmlhjklelfh*h fm

ejkch' nhjh gdm ë nerenvmrê~vknh $‗ Ejkch~' e nkfefm vmj = jkgdým~ fm deokvelvm~' vegqm jek~‚+,

Le ëphne' deqke }je mtpmnvevkqe j}kvh crelfm fh ghneg hlfm Pmgë jernerke ~m} jkgë~kjh chg,

Phr hlfm h êlvh~ bhce~~m' }je j}gvkfîh m~veqe e m~pmre fh ‗rmk fh a}vmohg‚, Mj }je pervkfemj Egeche~' phr mtmjpgh' Pmgë ndmch} e rmnmomr h vêv}gh fm nkfefîh dhlhrårkh' vejeldh mre ~m}

prm~vêckh,

_hfrkc}m~ ae }je eleghcke mlvrm h bhch fh jkgë~kjh chg m e oevegde fh mtërnkvh fm Lephgmîh

nhl~kfmrefe pmramkve' }je vmlvevkqe fm jkvkakner h~ amkvh~ fh bhcefhr mgmqelfh eh pevejer fm }j

fh~ jekhrm~ m~vrevmck~ve~ mj C}mrre, ‗ Je~ qmbej nhjh h crelfm enhlvmnkjmlvh vmj e

pek~ecmj prþprke, Nhjh bå m~nrmqk' E}~vmrgkv lîh phfke ~mr fk~p}vefe l}j cegkldmkrh, Ahk

k~~h u}m m} fk~~m' u}elfh h êlvh~ bhch} lh nejph fh M~phrvm Ng}om Oedke, Ë þoqkh u}m'



63

fmphk~ fh M~våfkh Jårkh Akgdh' vhfh~ h~ nejph~ pmu}mlh~ ~m vhrlerej cegkldmkrh~

krrmjmfkåqmk~‚,

_hfrkc}m~ nhjpere eu}mgm jhjmlvh e h}vrh~ fe dk~vþrke fe d}jelkfefm' ahrje fm rhjelnmer m

frejevker e nrölkne' gmjorelfh Nhmgdh $?00>+, ‗ Eh u}m êejh~ e~~k~vkr bå mre Dk~vþrke m bå mre

Gmlfe, Kjecklmj egc}ëj u}m ah~~m vm~vmj}lde fm Sevmrghh' h} fe jhrvm fm Në~er' h} ~mk gå‚,

_hfrkc}m~ vrel~ahrje mj ‗phm~ke‚ e dk~vþrke fm Pmgë m mgmqe ~m}~ amkvh~ eh~ amkvh~ fe~ akc}re~

jek~ mjogmjåvkne~ fe dk~vþrke' nhjh Në~er m Lephgmîh,

Pere mgmqer eklfe jek~ eu}mgm mpk~þfkh' _hfrkc}m~' fm ahrje frejåvkne' e~~kj nhjh mgm

vrel~nhrrm mj vhfh h vmtvh' mgmlne egc}je~ are~m~ nhj h klv}kvh vejoëj fm aemr h rmnmpvhr efmrkr m nhjprmmlfmr h erc}jmlvh nmlvreg fe nrölkne' vrel~ahrjelfh eu}mgm enhlvmnkjmlvh mj

}je am~ve lenkhleg' fkclh fm }j dmrþk ore~kgmkrh2 ‗e jek~ gklfe am~ve fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh fm

vhfh~ h~ vmjph~‚9 ‗mre }je am~ve lenkhleg' e am~ve fh phqh' e am~ve fh dhjmj‚9 ‗^þ mgm jernh}

jkg chg~, L}lne ~m qk} lefe permnkfh‚ m ‗fm~fm Pmrh Qe fm Nejklde' lmld}j ore~kgmkrh

rmnmomre ephvmh~m vejelde‚,

Lh u}ervh peråcreah' h ml}lnkefhr fm~nrmqm fm ahrje qeghrevkqe le vmlvevkqe fm pe~~er eh gmkvhr u}m eu}mge lîh ~m vreveqe fm }je jerne k~hgefe, Pmgë mre j}kvh jek~ fh u}m }j aemfhr fm chg~,

E pervknkpeãîh feu}mgm bhcefhr lîh ~m rm~}jke e mjp}rrer e ohge pere e~ rmfm~, ‗ Ë }je cgþrke

jereqkgdh~ejmlvm klfkqkf}eg' jereqkgdh~ejmlvm ~hgkvårke, ^hjm*~m e k~~h h~ chg~ u}m mgm fm}

fm oelfmbe' chg~ fh~ u}ek~ mgm ahk nh*e}vhr' h} jmgdhr' ahk jek~ e}vhr fh u}m h e}vhr ‚9 m ‗dmrþk

lenkhleg ‚,

Nhjh ~m vreveqe fm }j fke m~pmnkeg' lh prkjmkrh peråcreah' h ml}lnkefhr' }vkgkelfh fh pdevh~ pere evrekr h gmkvhr pmge mjhãîh' eakrje u}m e~ nklnh jkgdým~ fm pm~~he~ u}m deokvej lh _kh fm

Belmkrh fmqmrkej m~ver egk' lh Jerenelî „ m~våfkh u}m nhjphrveqe le ëphne epmle~ ?=0 jkg

pm~~he~, ‗ Ejkch~' e nkfefm vmj = jkgdým~ fm deokvelvm~' vegqm jek~, Phk~ m~~m~ = jkgdým~

fmqkej m~ver prm~mlvm~' elvmhlvmj' lh M~våfkh Jårkh Akgdh pere qmr h jkgë~kjh chg fm Pmgë‚,

Fmjhl~vrelfh vmr }je qk~îh fkamrmlnkefe' lh vmrnmkrh m u}ervh peråcreah~' _hfrkc}m~ mtpgele

u}m e~ jek~ gklfe~ j}gdmrm~ fh _kh fm Belmkrh ~m mlnhlvreqej lh Jerenelî, E jekhrke fmge~

lîh mre efjkrefhre fh a}vmohg' je~ fh nreu}m Pmgë, ‗ Lîh ~mk ~m ~eomj u}m h ~}ogkjm nrkh}gh

ae~nkle e j}gdmr ohlkve, E~ jek~ gklfe~ cerhve~ m~veqej gå, Je~ aegmk mj am~ve fh a}vmohg m'



64

rmegjmlvm' ahk j}kvh jek~ fh u}m k~~h, Mre }je am~ve lenkhleg' e am~ve fh phqh' e am~ve fh

dhjmj‚,

Lm~vm jhjmlvh' mgm }vkgke fm }je m~vrevëcke fm rmvhjefe pere aeger ~horm e prm~mlãe fm }je

j}gdmr fe egve ~hnkmfefm2 ‗ Le akge fh~ mgmqefhrm~' h jm} prkjmkrh hgder fm~nhork} e crî*akle

fe~ lerkle~ fm nefåqmr ‚, M~ve ë }je pmr~hlecmj u}m akc}re mj h}vre nrölkne fh m~nrkvhr,

E~~kj' h rmnmpvhr vklde u}m vmr nhldmnkjmlvh prëqkh pere nhjprmmlfmr e u}m mgm m~veqe ~m

rmamrklfh, E ‗ crî*akle fm lerk fm nefåqmr ‚ mre }je j}gdmr ~hak~vknefe' fm }je fe~ jek~

vrefknkhlek~ aejêgke~ nerkhne~' je~ u}m lefe ~eoke ~horm a}vmohg,

Le ~mu}âlnke' ë amkvh }je fm~nrkãîh fh gelnm u}m hrkcklh} h pâlegvk' u}m Pmgë nhlqmrvmrke perenhjpgmver e ~}e nhgmãîh fm jkg, ‗ Le ~}e pmlmvreãîh a}gjklelvm' vklde oevkfh vhfe e fmam~e

efqmr~årke, Ke mlvrer nhj ohge m v}fh, M ~harm} h pâlegvk‚, Le qmrfefm' m~vå lerrevkqe' rmqm~vkfe

fm freje' ë aelve~kh~e, Lh gelnm hrkckleg' Pmgë lîh deqke oevkfh vhfe fmam~e, H nejk~e 50 fh

^elvh~ rmnmom} }j gelãejmlvh m fk~p}veqe e bhcefe nhj }j ec}mkrh' u}m h fmrr}oh} nhj }je

re~vmkre, E~ fm~nrkãým~ lîh ~îh akfmfkcle~ eh aevh hnhrrkfh, M~~e ë }je fe~ nerenvmrê~vkne~ fe

nrölkne phëvkne' nhjh evm~vej Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+,

Pere Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~' h a}vmohg m~veqe egëj fh u}m h~ hgdh~ phfkej qmr' rmnhrfelfh ^å

$5;4=+2 ‗U}elfh e ohge ahk nhghnefe le jerne fh pâlegvk' nrkh}*~m }j ~}~pml~m nhgh~~eg lh

m~våfkhY,,,Z Lh mt*Jerenelî' am*~m }j ~kgâlnkh ml~}rfmnmfhr u}m vhfe nkfefm h}qk}, Lh

kl~velvm fh nd}vm' e nhte fm Pmgë vhrlh}*~m pgå~vkne' mgå~vkne' qkveg' nhjh e elne fm }j neqegh‚,

E nrölkne vmrjkle fm ahrje gêrkne m h ml}lnkefhr eneoe ~m nhlvrefkmlfh, Lh prkjmkrh

peråcreah' nkve*~m = jkgdým~ fm pm~~he~ lh Jerenelî, Echre' ~îh epmle~ nmj jkg2 ‗ Fm rmpmlvm'nhjh pevrênkh~ fh c}mrrmkrh' nefe }j fm lþ~ ~mlvk}*~m }j ph}nh nh*e}vhr fh amkvh, Pmgë qhh}'

errmjm~~h}*~m fmlvrh fh chg, Ecerrh} m omkbh} e ohge, M ndhreqe' h fkqklh nrkh}gh, Nmj jkg

pm~~he~' fm pë' epge}fkej nhjh le þpmre, Fmphk~' e~~k~vkjh~ e qhgve hgêjpkne‚, Nhjprhqe*~m'

e~~kj ephlvefh phr Nhmgdh $?00>+' u}m mtk~vmj fm~mlnhlvrh~ fm klahrjeãým~ mj ~}e~ nrölkne~,

>,> Elågk~m fe~ nrölkne~ fm B}ne Iah}rk

6,>,5 G}ge' h nervhge



6;

Mj G}ge' h nervhge' h ml}lnkefhr fm~nrmqm }j aevh u}m ~mrqm nhjh akh nhlf}vhr fe nrölkne' ~m}

phlvh fm pervkfe, Mre h elh fm ?00>' m h prm~kfmlvm G}k Kclånkh G}ge fe ^kgqe klknkerke h ~m}

chqmrlh ~elnkhlelfh h M~vev}vh fh Vhrnmfhr' u}m prhvmcm h~ fkrmkvh~ fh nhl~}jkfhr mj

u}egu}mr mqmlvh m~phrvkqh' m e Gmk fm Jhregkeãîh fh A}vmohg' u}m egvmreqe egc}l~ phlvh~ le Gmk

Pmgë,

Leu}mgm fke' B}ne Iah}rk rmgeve u}m rmnmom} }j vmgmahlmje fh mlvîh ndmam fm ceoklmvm fe

Prm~kfâlnke fe _mpòogkne' Ckgomrvh Nerqegdh' e pmfkfh fh prþprkh prm~kfmlvm, ‗ Mgm YG}geZ

u}mrke ~eomr ~m m} krke à nmrkjölke lh Pegånkh fh Pgelegvh, _m~phlfk u}m lîh, M h}qk fmgm

YCkgomrvh NerqegdhZ u}m h prm~kfmlvm aknerke amgk ~m m} ah~~m, A}k‚, E eohrfecmj fh vmje

phgêvkne pere e~ nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~ ~}rcm' nhj jekhr ahrãe' epmle~ nhj h epermnkjmlvh fe~nrölkne~ elegêvkne~' gmjorelfh Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+,

E m~vrevëcke fm rmqmger h lhjm fh klvmrghn}vhr m h vmhr fe nhlqmr~e ë }je ahrje fm nhlu}k~ver e

nhlakelãe fh gmkvhr' celdelfh mj nrmfkokgkfefm, Pere fm~nrmqmr h prm~kfmlvm leu}mgm jhjmlvh'

mj Ore~êgke' h nrhlk~ve nerenvmrke*h nhjh egmcrm' gmqm m ~hgvh, Fmjhl~vrelfh h u}m m~veqe

~mlvklfh' }je fe~ nerenvmrê~vkne~ u}m mlrku}mnmj e nrölkne' fm~nrmqm} u}m aknh} efjkrefh eh

h}qkr ~m} lhjm lh prhl}lnkejmlvh2 ‗^}rprm~h' h}qk h prm~kfmlvm' le eomrv}re fm ~m} fk~n}r~h'fkmr vmtv}egjmlvm2 —L}lne jek~ u}mrh h}qkr h B}ne Iah}rk fkmr u}m lh Ore~kg h vhrnmfhr ë

vrevefh nhjh cefh‛ ‚,

Lm~vm pmrêhfh' mj ?00>' G}ge m~veqe klknkelfh h ~m} chqmrlh, M e~ prkjmkre~ jmfkfe~

m~phrvkqe~ vhjefe~ phr mgm vkqmrej ohe rmpmrn}~~îh le jêfke, ‗ M~våqejh~ mj jekh fm ?00> m'

efjkvh' klcml}ejmlvm' qhgvmk pere ^îh Pe}gh amgk fe qkfe‚, Lh mlvelvh' egc}j vmjph fmphk~'

e~ gmk~ eneoerej ~mj epgkneãîh pråvkne,

]vkgkelfh fe pmr~}e~îh nhjperevkqe' h ml}lnkefhr' lh peråcreah ~mc}klvm' ec}ãelfh h

~mlvkjmlvh fh~ klvmrghn}vhrm~ phr jmkh fe erc}jmlveãîh pevâjkne' fm~nrmqm h prm~kfmlvm'

pe~~efh~ vrâ~ elh~' fm ahrje nhjpgmvejmlvm hph~ve2 ‗]j G}ge relnhrh~h m nhj e jå

nhl~nkâlnke fm u}mj' mlakj' jmrc}gdh} ~m} chqmrlh le qege nhj}j fh~ u}m h elvmnmfmrej‚,

Iah}rk elegk~e eu}mge~ j}felãe~ le gmck~geãîh epmle~ nhjh }j bhch phgêvknh' phru}m le pråvkne

h~ vhrnmfhrm~ nhlvkl}erej e rmnmomr h jm~jh vrevejmlvh fm ~mjprm, ‗ Ph}nh~ elh~ fmphk~

ph}ne nhk~e j}fh}, H~ vhrnmfhrm~ nhlvkl}ej e ~mr vrevefh~ nhjh cefh m h lh~~h m~phrvm ë vîh

~}bh nhjh mlvîh‚,



=0

E pervkr feê' u}klvh peråcreah' h nrhlk~ve gmqelve e vm~m' lhjm fe nrölkne' fm u}m h prm~kfmlvm

G}ge vklde ~m vhrlefh jek~ }j nervhge, Pere b}~vkakner e e~~mrvkqe G}ge qkrh} nervhge' Iah}rk

}vkgke fe prþprke erc}jmlveãîh fh prm~kfmlvm' u}m' mj h}vrh fk~n}r~h' fk~~m u}m e

rm~phl~eokgkfefm fe fm~hrcelkeãîh m fmcrefeãîh fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh mre fm vhfh~' e phlvh fm

klhnmlver h~ nervhge~ fh~ ng}om~ m fe~ amfmreãým~,

E krhlke ë }j fh~ rmn}r~h~ gkvmrårkh~ jek~ }vkgkefh~ phr B}ne Iah}rk' vêpknh fh nrhlk~ve, Nrke*~m'

lm~vm ne~h' }je rkfkn}gerkeãîh fm }j enhlvmnkjmlvh nhj e aklegkfefm fm efqmrvkr m vejoëj

mlvrmvmr h gmkvhr' eakrje Omgvrîh $5;40+, Lh hkveqh peråcreah' phr mtmjpgh' h ~}ph~vh

fm~nhldmnkjmlvh fh prm~kfmlvm lh ne~h nhldmnkfh nhjh ‗jml~egîh‚ „ nhjpre fm qhvh~ fm phgêvknh~ pere e eprhqeãîh fm prmph~kãým~ le Nïjere fh~ Fmp}vefh~ „ ë mtph~vh nhj mtvrmje

~ecenkfefm, ‗U}m mgm lîh u}mkre e~~}jkr rm~phl~eokgkfefm~ u}m ~îh fmgm~ ë nhjprmml~êqmg

phru}m' eakleg' l}lne ~h}om fm lefe' l}lne qk} lefe' l}lne am lefe, Je~ fkqkfkr n}gpe~ u}m

vâj mlfmrmãh nmrvh nhj u}mj lefe vmj e eqmr nhj k~~h ë fmjek~‚,

Mj ~mc}kfe' Iah}rk }vkgke jek~ }je qm e nkveãîh fm }j fk~n}r~h fh prm~kfmlvm' echre le

e~~klev}re fe Vkjmjelke „ ghvmrke u}m qk~e e}tkgker aklelnmkrejmlvm e u}kveãîh fe fêqkfe fh~ng}om~ fm a}vmohg nhj e ]lkîh ~mj u}egu}mr vkph fm nhlvrepervkfe efjklk~vrevkqe, G}ge vrevh} fm

nhjperer e fm~hlm~vkfefm fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh eh m}rhpm}' mj fmam~e fh~ nervhge~ nhrr}pvh~

u}m pmrjmkej h m~phrvm, —‗Nhjh ë u}m e M~pelde ndmch} eh u}m ndmch}8 Nhjh ë u}m e Kvågke

ndmch} ehlfm ndmch}8 Fkmr2 Je~' lh Ore~kg' ë phru}m h~ fkrkcmlvm~ lîh ~îh dhlm~vh~' ë e

nhk~e jek~ ~kjpgm~' ë qhnâ bhcer pmnde fm fm~hlm~vh mj nkje fm egc}ëj, E Kvågke' u}m ë m~~m

jhl~vrh ~ecrefh fh a}vmohg' u}m bå m~vå u}e~m pmrvh fh Ore~kg le nhlu}k~ve fm Nhpe fh J}lfh'

vhfh fke e cmlvm vmj }je fml}lnke lh bhrleg' mlvrmvelvh' h a}vmohg lîh pmrfm lh prhak~~khlegk~jh‛‚,

Pere fmjhl~vrer u}m e kjp}lkfefm ë }je ndece u}e~m u}m mtng}~kqe fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh'

rma}velfh h u}m erc}jmlvh} G}ge' Iah}rk mtmjpgkakne u}m h~ ng}om~ mlqhgqkfh~ mj vrepeãe~ le

Kvågke neêrej pere e ~mc}lfe fkqk~îh' ne~h fe B}qmlv}~' ~mlfh ~mqmrejmlvm p}lkfh~' m fkrkcmlvm~

m~peldþk~ nhrr}pvh~' e~~kj nhjh h~ kvegkelh~' m~vîh evrå~ fe~ crefm~, Pmrnmom*~m u}m h nrhlk~ve ë

nhldmnmfhr fe dk~vþrke fh m~phrvm m vrel~jkvm fefh~ prmnk~h~' }je fe~ jerne~ fe nrölkne

elegêvkne' rmjmjhrelfh Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+,



=5

Nhj h }~h rmkvmrefh fm peregmgh~ m eleghcke~' ë ph~~êqmg eakrjer u}m Iah}rk nhl~mc}m aemr nhj

u}m e nrölkne n}ore }j m~peãh lh bhrlegk~jh u}m ë fm eorkr lhqe~ belmge~' jh~vrer h}vre~

pmr~pmnvkqe~ eh~ gmkvhrm~' u}m' e~~kj' mlrku}mnm m ejpgke ~}e qk~îh fm j}lfh' mqkfmlnkefh ^å

$5;4=+, Lm~vm ne~h' h nrhlk~ve mtmjpgkakne h u}m enhlvmnm mj h}vrh~ peê~m~ pere u}m e~ pegeqre~

fh prm~kfmlvm lîh e~~}jej }je qmrfefm ~mj ~â*ge, ‗ Le Kvågke' vkjm nek phr ne}~e fe

fm~hlm~vkfefm, Le M~pelde' nervhge ë prm~h pmgh jm~jh jhvkqh‚,

Jm~jh ~mlfh fmngerefejmlvm }j nhj}lk~ve' ~kjpåvknh eh~ pmvk~ve~ le nrölkne' B}ne Iah}rk

~mc}m ~m}~ kfmek~' fmamlfmlfh ~}e klfmpmlfâlnke jhreg m prhak~~khleg' ~mj pervkferk~jh'

fmjhl~vrefh le ~}e qk~îh nrêvkne eh jhfh fm cm~vîh ~mc}kfh pmgh prm~kfmlvm G}ge, M~~m~ ~îh h~

pkgerm~ fh nrhlk~ve' fmjhl~vrefh phr Omgrîh $5;40+,

Lh~ ògvkjh~ peråcreah~' B}ne Iah}rk mtpgele u}m h~ jekhrm~ klvmrm~~efh~ lm~ve lhqe ahrje fm

h~ ng}om~ errmnefermj fkldmkrh' e Vkjmjelke' ~îh h~ prþprkh~ fkrkcmlvm~ en}~efh~ fm

kjprhokfefm efjklk~vrevkqe m h}vrh~ nrkjm~ eh pevrkjölkh fe~ kl~vkv}kãým~ m~phrvkqe~'

fmjhl~vrelfh ~m} m~vkgh nhjoevkqh fm aemr bhrlegk~jh2 ‗ Eu}k' ~m} YG}geZ fk~n}r~h m~vå ~mlfh

epge}fkfh fm pë phr Mfj}lfh ^elvh~ ^kgqe' mt*nervhge kjp}lm fh Agejmlch' eu}mgm u}m

rmnhldmnm} le NPK fh A}vmohg u}m lîh mre }j —nrkjklh~h nhj}j‛ ‚,

H vmtvh ë aklegkefh nhj jek~ }je vkrefe fm ercònke fh nrhlk~ve, Pere u}m ~m nhjprmmlfe

jmgdhr h u}m rmprm~mlverke e Vkjmjelke' ë amkvh }je nhjpereãîh nhj e qkfe fh rmnmpvhr, ‗ Jm}

rerh gmkvhr2 aku}m qhnâ ~mj pecer ~m}~ kjph~vh~, U}mj ~eom h chqmrlh lîh gdm fâ }je ghvmrke

pere pecå*gh~8‚, _enkhnêlkh fmf}vkqh2 h chqmrlh omlmaknke h~ je}~ pecefhrm~ m ~enrkakne h~

ohl~ pecefhrm~, E krhlke fmjhl~vrefe le are~m enkje m }j fh~ rmn}r~h~ gkvmrårkh~ jek~ phr B}ne

Iah}rk,

Mj G}ge' h nervhge' lîh då fm~nrkãîh våvkne h} vënlkne fm lmld}je pervkfe fm a}vmohg' lmj

~mu}mr }je jmlãîh, B}ne Iah}rk mtmrnm prmfkgmãîh phr e~~}lvh~ rmgevkqh~ à phgêvkne m eh~

oe~vkfhrm~ fh —j}lfh‛ fh~ m~phrvm~ * h u}m mlqhgqm h~ nervhge~' mjprm~årkh~' rmprm~mlvelvm'

phgêvknh' h~ prþprkh~ evgmve~' mlvrm h}vrh~, Prmfknefh~ u}m jernej e nrölkne elegêvkne' nhjh

mtpým Nhmgdh $?00>+, Lm~ve nrölkne' h a}vmohg ë fk~n}vkfh fm ahrje jek~ ejpge, Aege*~m fm

kjphrvelvm~ fkrmkvh~ pere h~ vhrnmfhrm~ m fh~ pkgelvre~ u}m nhjelfej h m~phrvm lh Ore~kg,

>,>,? A}vmohg fm Php~ver~



=?

Mj A}vmohg fm Php~ver~' ë rmvrevefe e j}felãe mnhlöjkne m fm ~vev}~ u}m h a}vmohg ~harm} eh

ghlch fh~ elh~, H ml}lnkefhr fmjhl~vre u}m evgmve~ echre lîh ~îh ~hjmlvm evgmve~' qkrerej

nmgmorkfefm2 ‗U}mj bhce a}vmohg fm prkjmkre gklde lîh ë jek~ ~kjpgm~jmlvm }j evgmve, Ë

nmgmorkfefm' php~ver ‚, E~ nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~ elegêvkne~ e~~}jkrej h}vre qk~îh ~horm h evgmve'

mqkfmlnkefh phr Nhmgdh $?00>+,

Ë m~veomgmnkfh }j jhfh fm renkhnêlkh u}m pmrjkvm rmagmvkr m nhjprmmlfmr h u}m enhlvmnm} eh

ghlch fh~ elh~ m u}ek~ ~îh h~ rm~}gvefh~ fm~ve~ j}felãe~ pere h a}vmohg nhlvmjphrïlmh'

nerenvmrê~vkne e~~}jkfe~ pmge~ nrölkne~ elegêvkne~' nhjh fm~venej Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~

$?003+,

E, Pere mtpgkner u}m e nhlnmpãîh m e jmlvegkfefm fh~ evgmve~ mqhg}êrej' Iah}rk mqkfmlnke u}m

h~ rmek~ klvmrm~~m~ m prmhn}peãým~ fh~ fm~phrvk~ve~ m~vîh nefe qm jek~ qhgvefh~ pere e~~}lvh~

klfkqkf}eg m u}m mtvrephgej h m~phrvm mj ~k2 ‗ Elvm~ fm jek~ lefe' e neomãe fm nefe }j m~vå

qhgvefe pere h ~m} prþprkh }jokch, H nhgmvkqh qmj fmphk~' u}elfh qmj, Klvmrm~~e' mj prkjmkrh

g}cer' h pevrhnklefhr' h el}lnkelvm' phru}m' phr jekhr u}m ~mbe h ~egårkh pech pmgh~ ng}om~' e

jekhr ahlvm fm rmlfe qmj fh~ elòlnkh~‚, Pere aemr m~ve nhjpereãîh' Iah}rk fmqm fhjkler he~~}lvh m vmr nhldmnkjmlvh fm ejoh~ h~ pmrêhfh~ dk~vþrknh~, ]vkgke*~m' gmjorelfh Ihnd

$?001+' h ghch~, Eprm~mlver erc}jmlveãîh nhlqklnmlvm' u}m ~m ~}~vmlve mj klahrjeãým~

nrmfêqmk~,

Iah}rk e}tkgke h gmkvhr e qmr jek~ ghlcm * egëj fh a}vmohg fe~ u}evrh gklde~ *' nhjh ark~e ^å

$5;41+, Mgm vmlve mtpgkner e gþckne m~veomgmnkfe lh m~phrvm, Mtpým u}m h~ bhcefhrm~ m~vîh

klvmrm~~efh~ mj þvkjh~ nhlvrevh~ ph}nh ~m kjphrvelfh nhj h~ ng}om~,

Nhjh mtmjpgh' }~elfh e pmr~}e~îh' h nrhlk~ve nkve h _meg Jefrkf, H ng}om jefrkfk~ve ë e

kl~vkv}kãîh m~phrvkqe jek~ qegkh~e fh j}lfh' aev}re jkgdým~ vhfh elh nhj qmlfe fm prhf}vh~

gknmlnkefh~ m ph~~}k h~ bhcefhrm~ jek~ oefegefh~, ‗H jmgdhr mtmjpgh ë h _meg Jefrkf' nefe

qm jmlh~ }j ng}om m~phrvkqh' nefe qm jek~ }je ecâlnke u}m pým ~}e~ m~vrmge~ e ~mrqkãh fe

mnhlhjke cghoegkefe‚, H~ fefh~ rmpe~~efh~ ~îh nhjprhqefh~ m ep}refh~, Lîh då fm~mlnhlvrh

fm klahrjeãîh' gmjorelfh Nhmgdh $?00>+,



=>

Ë ph~~êqmg ho~mrqer e nhl~vr}ãîh u}m ë amkve fh mvdh~ fh ml}lnkefhr, H nrhlk~ve efhve }j

ph~knkhlejmlvh nrêvknh lh u}m velcm e m~~e lhqe rmegkfefm fh m~phrvm, Mjohre lh nhjmãh mgm

fkce ‗ ~m ahr pere jmgdhr h} pere pkhr jmlh~ kjphrve‚' ~îh mtph~vh~ erc}jmlvh~ u}m

nhjprhqej ~}e rmprhqeãîh' jm~jh u}m fm ahrje qmgefe h} klfkrmve' nhj e ml}jmreãîh fm

qeghrm~ u}m h prþprkh b}gce rmprhqåqmk~2 ‗e neomãe fm nefe }j m~vå qhgvefe pere h ~m} prþprkh

}jokch‚9 ‗klvmrm~~e' mj prkjmkrh g}cer' h pevrhnklefhr ‚9 ‗ cerhvh~*prhpecelfe u}m lîh vmj

p}fhr fm mjprm~vå*ge lmj jm~jh pere aemr nejpelde~ fm omokfe~ egnhþgkne~‚,

Nhl~velvmjmlvm' h ml}lnkefhr ae peregmgh~ fh pe~~efh nhj h prm~mlvm' ne~h fe~ fmrrhve~' u}m'

elvmrkhrjmlvm' ne}~eqej vrk~vme cmreg ~hjmlvm pmgh rm~}gvefh' echre ph~~}k h}vrh~ ~kclkaknefh~'

nhjh }je prhqåqmg u}mfe lh~ lmcþnkh~2 ‗ Pmrfmr }j nejpmhlevh ë r}kj j}kvh jmlh~ pmgevrk~vme fe fmrrhve fh u}m pmgh~ prmb}êh~ à kjecmj fh~ cerhvh~*prhpecelfe' u}m lîh vmj

p}fhr fm mjprm~vå*ge lmj jm~jh pere aemr nejpelde fm omokfe~ egnhþgkne~‚, Mtk~vm'

phrvelvh' }je j}felãe le ahrje nhj u}m h nrhlk~ve elegk~e h~ bhcefhrm~ fm a}vmohg, ^m'

elvmrkhrjmlvm' le nrölkne phëvkne' deqke }j mlfm}~ejmlvh fh~ crelfm~ evgmve~' ~hjmlvm h gefh

ph~kvkqh mre mtpghrefh' echre' mgm~ ~îh qk~vh~ fm ahrje nrêvkne' ark~efh phr Nhmgdh $?00>+,

]je vm~m gmqelvefe pmgh nrhlk~ve' pere nhrrhohrer m~~e j}felãe lh jmkh m~phrvkqh' ë fm u}m h~lmcþnkh~ vejoëj ~îh }je fe~ ahrje~ fm ~m mtpgkner e fmrrhve fe ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre le Nhpe fh

J}lfh fm ?001' egch kjpml~åqmg h}vrhre, H m~nrmvm fh Ore~kg mre h _meg Jefrkf fm qmrfm m

ejermgh, _magmth~ fe cghoegkeãîh fh m~phrvm' u}m ~}rcm e pervkr fe fënefe fm 5;40 m 5;;0'

mtpgknkvefh phr C}vmrjel $?00;+, Eh vhfh' u}evrh bhcefhrm~ ev}eqej pmgh ng}om fe M~pelde2

Nknkldh' _hokldh' _hlegfh m _homrvh Nergh~, ‗ E NOA qkrh} crkam jmlhr' m nhjh ~eoke u}m h

dmte lîh mre jm~jh pere h ~m} oknh $lîh ahrej ph}nh~ h~ bhcefhrm~ m jmjorh~ fe nhjk~~îh

vënlkne u}m' mj pervkn}ger' rmnhldmnkej veg kjph~~kokgkfefm+ mj crejefh~ m}rhpm}~ „ hlfm e Lkim jelfe jmlh~ m m~vå ahre fe fmnk~îh *' vrevh} fm klnmlvkqer rmnhrfm~ pm~~hek~' nhjh h~ fm

Nea} m _hlegfh‚,

Fm~~e nhl~veveãîh' h nrhlk~ve ndmce à e~~mrvkqe fm u}m enhlvmnm} }je ‗mlvrmce epåvkne‚ fkelvm

fh~ arelnm~m~' mj pervkfe qågkfe pmge~ u}erve~ fm aklek~ fe Nhpe fh J}lfh rmegkefe le

Egmjelde, Lm~vm vrmndh' ë ph~~êqmg lhver }j vreoegdh fm ep}reãîh amkvh lh~ oe~vkfhrm~' nhj

ahlvm~ fm nhlakelãe fh nrhlk~ve' pere nhjprhqer e eakrjeãîh fm u}m e~ ph~~kokgkfefm~ fm qmlnmr

le M}rhpe mrej jmlhrm~,



=6

Elågk~m~ nhjh m~vå mtkcmj u}m h nrhlk~ve vmlde }je gerce mtpmrkâlnke le årme m~phrvkqe, K~~h

ae nhj u}m mlnhlvrm h~ mtmjpgh~ jek~ prmnk~h~ pere u}m h rmnmpvhr ph~~e nhjprmmlfmr nhj

jekhr aenkgkfefm e~ j}felãe~ fh a}vmohg,

>,>,> Ed' m} ~h} ore~kgmkrh%

Mj Ed' m} ~h} ore~kgmkrh%' h ml}lnkefhr fk~nhrrm ~horm }j e~~}lvh gkcefh eh qkë~ elvrhphgþcknh

fe ~hnkmfefm ore~kgmkre' rmagmvkfh lh m~phrvm' eprm~mlvefh lh pmrêhfh mj u}m e nrölkne ahk

m~nrkve' mj ?005' je~ u}m eklfe mtk~vm2 h oekrrk~jh,

H u}m jhvkqh} h nrhlk~ve e m~nrmqmr ~horm h e~~}lvh mre }je jelkam~veãîh nhj}j lh~ m~våfkh~ ore~kgmkrh~' h orefh fe rmckhlegkfefm, Vhrnmfhrm~ fm }je fmvmrjklefe rmckîh nelveqej h ejhr

phr eu}mgm g}cer2 ‗Ed' m} ~h} ceòndh‚' ‗Ed' m} ~h} jklmkrh‚' ‗Ed' m} ~h} pereleml~m‚' mj

mqmlvh fm u}egu}mr lev}rme m~phrvkqe, Iah}rk ae }je eqegkeãîh fh nhjphrvejmlvh fh vhrnmfhr

ore~kgmkrh' gmqelfh mj nhlve enhlvmnkjmlvh~ m m~pmnkaknkfefm fm egc}je~ rmckým~ fh Ore~kg,

M~~m vkph fm eohrfecmj ë qk~vh nhj jekhr armu}âlnke le~ nrölkne~ phëvkne~,

Mj m~pmnêaknh' m~ve nrölkne vreve*~m fm }j ejk~vh~h fh Ore~kg fk~p}vefh lh m~våfkh Hgêjpknh'mj Phrvh Egmcrm, Lm~vm fke' pöfm*~m h}qkr ~}rckr fe~ eru}koelnefe~ h~ crkvh~ fm ‗Ed' m} ~h}

ceòndh‚, Lîh mtk~vm rmgeãîh mlvrm m~~e jelkam~veãîh m h bhch mj ~k, ‗ Eklfe ~m ah~~m e ~mgmãîh

ceònde' v}fh omj' qegmrke h prhqklnkelk~jh‚,

E pervkfe fe ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre eneoe aknelfh mj ~mc}lfh pgelh le nrölkne, Iah}rk lîh nkve h

pgener' h efqmr~årkh' lmj h}vrh~ fmvegdm~ fh mqmlvh m~phrvkqh, E jelkam~veãîh qklfe fe~

eru}koelnefe~' u}m mj j}kve~ qmm~ lmj ~m u}mr rmnmom h fmqkfh qeghr m eneoe m~u}mnkfe'vhrlh}*~m h prklnkpeg mgh fm fk~n}~~îh fm }je vmjåvkne nhlvmjphrïlme, Ë m~~e ~ml~kokgkfefm u}m

~m m~pmre fh~ nrhlk~ve~2 vremr pere fk~n}~~îh aevh~ u}m permnmj lîh vmr lmld}je reîh fm ~mr,

E~~kj nhjh mqkfmlnke ^å $5;41+' e nrölkne' lm~vm ne~h' nhorm }j m~peãh lh bhrlegk~jh u}m ë

fm jh~vrer eh gmkvhr }j egch e jek~, Iah}rk ~ek fe fk~n}~~îh u}m mlqhgqm e~ u}evrh gklde~ m

prhpým }j fmoevm ~horm h~ qeghrm~ prm~mlvm~ le ~hnkmfefm ore~kgmkre2 ‗e krrenkhlegkfefm m e

m~v}pkfm ~îh nefe qm jek~ jebhrkvårke~ lm~ve ~hnkmfefm ~mj aenm m ~mj qeghrm~ pere qegmr ‚,



==

Le nhl~vr}ãîh' ë ph~~êqmg ho~mrqer e kjecmj u}m h ml}lnkefhr pe~~e fm ~k e pervkr fh fk~n}r~h *

h mvdh~, Fm~fm e prkjmkre are~m' då fmjhl~vreãým~ mtpgknkve~ fh fm~nhlvmlvejmlvh nhj eu}mge~

jelkam~veãým~2 ‗Nefe qm jm krrkvej jek~ h~ oekrrk~jh~‚,

M~~m ~mlvkjmlvh fm hrc}gdh mtenmroefh bå deqke klam~vefh m prmb}fknefh h a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh'

prklnkpegjmlvm' f}relvm h~ elh~ fm 5;?0 e 5;60, E ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre' klng}~kqm' ahk evklckfe phr

fk~p}ve~ mlvrm nerkhne~ m pe}gk~ve~ f}relvm e prkjmkre Nhpe fh J}lfh' le u}eg h~ bhcefhrm~

pmrvmlnmlvm~ eh~ ng}om~ pe}gk~ve~ lîh pervknkperej mj fmvmrjkleãîh à~ hrfml~ fh~ nervhge~'

e~~kj mtpgknefh phr C}vmrjel $?00;+,

]~elfh e pmr~}e~îh' ghch~' elegk~efh phr Ihnd $?001+' h nrhlk~ve }vkgke nhjh erc}jmlvh h~ prmnmkvh~ u}m fmqmrkej rmcmr }j peê~ nhjh dhlm~vkfefm' h vreoegdh' e klvmgkcâlnke m lîh e p}re

m ~kjpgm~ kfmke fm ghnegkfefm, Lm~vm jhjmlvh' mtk~vm }j u}m~vkhlejmlvh ~horm u}eg ~hnkmfefm

m~vejh~ ahrjelfh m u}eg ~hnkmfefm u}mrmjh~, M ae }je prhqhneãîh2 ‗U}eg e qelvecmj fm ~mr

ceòndh' nerkhne' jklmkrh8‚,

Fmlvrh fm }je elågk~m ~hnkþghce' Iah}rk fkeclh~vkne u}m m~~m~ vkph~ fm jelkam~veãým~

mqkfmlnkej vreãh~ fm klamrkhrkfefm m lefe jek~ ~îh fh u}m }je p}mrkg jelkam~veãîh phr ~mendermj jmgdhr phr vmr le~nkfh mj fmvmrjklefe rmckîh, ‗ Lh a}lfh' lh a}lfh' m~~m vkph fm

jelkam~veãîh rmqmge elvm~ }j nmrvh ~mlvkjmlvh fm klamrkhrkfefm fh u}m fm h}vre nhk~e

u}egu}mr ‚,

B}ne Iah}rk }vkgke egc}l~ vmrjh~ u}m fmjhl~vrej ~m} fm~ch~vh nhj m~~m vkph fm jelkam~veãým~'

u}m bå' klng}~kqm' ne}~erej m ne}~ej e~ jek~ fkqmr~e~ c}mrre~ evë h~ fke~ fm dhbm2

‗krrenkhlegkfefm‚' ‗m~v}pkfm‚' ‗rkfên}gh‚' ‗errhcelvm~‚' ‗nhlqmlnkfh~ fm }je ~}pmrkhrkfefm‚'‗ prmnhlnmkvh kfkhve‚, Iah}rk e~~}jm h qkë~ nhjoevkqh' nhjh gdm ë nerenvmrê~vknh' m nhlvm~ve m~~m

vkph fm jelkam~veãîh oekrrk~ve' u}m mj lefe enrm~nmlve eh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh,

Pere fmjhl~vrer u}m h ghneg fm le~nkjmlvh fm }je pm~~he lîh e nrmfmlnke mj ~mr jmgdhr h}

pkhr lh u}m ae' nrke*~m }je e~~hnkeãîh mlvrm bhcefhrm~ fm a}vmohg fm fm~veu}m u}m ev}erej mj

m~vefh~ fkamrmlvm~ fh le~nkjmlvh fmgm~, ‗ Oe~ve fkmr u}m h jekhr bhcefhr ceòndh fm vhfh~ h~

vmjph~ ë }j neverklml~m YAegnîhZ m h jekhr nreu}m pe}gk~ve fe dk~vþrke ë }j jklmkrh YPmgëZ‚,

>,>,6 H reoh fm neqegh m h lkldh fm revh



=1

E nrölkne H reoh fm neqegh m h lkldh fm revh nhghne mj qhce }je fk~n}~~îh ~horm e phgêvkne

fm~phrvkqe ore~kgmkre' e~~}lvh u}m pe~~e e aemr pervm fe pe}ve fe~ nrölkne~ m~phrvkqe~ e pervkr fe

e~nml~îh fh perefkcje elegêvknh' nhjh fmjhl~vrej Nh~ve' Amrrmkre m ^herm~ $?003+,

E~ jmvåahre~ }vkgkefe~ lh vêv}gh fe nrölkne' H reoh fm neqegh m h lkldh fm revh' ecg}vklej vhfh

h ~erne~jh m e nrêvkne prhf}kfe pmgh nrhlk~ve eh ghlch fh vmtvh' nerenvmrê~vkne~ fe hore fm

Iah}rk, H reoh fm neqegh mtprm~~e h nrm~nkjmlvh fh m~phrvm ore~kgmkrh m e~ jmlvkre~ u}m fmqmj

~mr nrkefe~ mj omlmaênkh fh~ fkrkcmlvm~, H lkldh fm revh' m~~m elkjeg e~u}mrh~h' ahk e jmgdhr

ahrje mlnhlvrefe pmgh nrhlk~ve pere fm~kcler h~ fkrkcmlvm~' u}m ~m epmcej eh phfmr m }vkgkej

klòjmre~ jelmkre~ fm ~m omlmaknker,

Iah}rk vhrle mtpgênkve ~}e hpklkîh' nhj h }~h fh ghch~ * e reîh pmr~}e~kqe *' eklfe lh klênkh fe

nrölkne' ~horm e kjphrvïlnke fh fkrmnkhlejmlvh fe phgêvkne m~phrvkqe eh klqm~vkjmlvh le

je~~kakneãîh fh m~phrvm' pml~elfh le ~eòfm fe php}geãîh m le ahrjeãîh fm nkfefîh~' lîh le

nhlu}k~ve phr jmfegde~, ‗ Pmrfmr Ypere h Ore~kgZ ë e rmcre m' e rkchr' lîh vmj jekhr

kjphrvïlnke ~m dh}qm~~m pmgh jmlh~ }j m~ahrãh lh ~mlvkfh fm pml~er h m~phrvm nhjh aevhr fm

~eòfm pòogkne $nefe fþger klqm~vkfh lh m~phrvm mnhlhjke vrâ~ le ~eòfm pòogkne' ~mc}lfh eHrcelkeãîh J}lfkeg fe ^eòfm+ m fm klng}~îh ~hnkeg ‚, H fmoevm ~m ejpgke, Lîh ~m vreve epmle~

fh m~phrvm' je~ ~kj fe ahrjeãîh m fe ~eòfm fm pervm ~kclkaknevkqe fe php}geãîh ore~kgmkre,

Iah}rk' lh mlvelvh' fmjhl~vre u}m h~ prhak~~khlek~ rm~phl~åqmk~ pmgh m~phrvm lh Ore~kg efhvej

}je phgêvkne fm~phrvkqe u}m prkhrke h rm~}gvefh $e~ nhlu}k~ve~ hovkfe~+' eh pe~~h u}m qeghrm~

jek~ kjphrvelvm~ aknej m~u}mnkfh~, Lm~ve nrölkne' Iah}rk mtpým ~m} m~vkgh nhjoevkqh m nrêvknh,

H nrhlk~ve nhghne mj fk~n}~~îh h rm~}gvefh hovkfh pmgh m~phrvm fm egvh rmlfkjmlvh, H u}efrh fm

jmfegde fh~ Bhch~ Hgêjpknh~ ë vkfh phr mgm nhjh nkrn}l~velnkeg, Peê~m~ nhj vrefkãîh mj

fmvmrjklefe jhfegkfefm m~phrvkqe phfmj ~m fer omj jm~jh lîh vmlfh m~vr}v}re efmu}efe, Le

nrölkne' ë amkve }j peregmgh fh Ore~kg nhj peê~m~ fm fhk~ cr}ph~ $h~ nhl~kfmrefh~ phorm~ m h~

fm~mlqhgqkfh~+ pere mtpgknkver u}m h rmgevkqh ~}nm~~h mj egc}l~ m~phrvm~ lîh ~kclkakne }je

phgêvkne efmu}efe pere h ~mvhr, ‗ Akner evrå~ lh u}efrh fm jmfegde~ fm peê~m~ eklfe pkhrm~

nhjh Bejekne' U}âlke h} Mvkþpke ë vîh nkrn}l~velnkeg nhjh akner efkelvm fe Lhqe Rmgïlfke'

fe ^}ënke h} fh Ndkgm, Phru}m h Ore~kg lîh ë pkhr u}m h vrkh u}m ~}pmrh} lmj j}kvh jmlh~

jmgdhr u}m h u}m aknh} evrå~' ~kjpgm~jmlvm phru}m h~ prkjmkrh~ vâj ~m}~ amlöjmlh~ m h~



=3

ògvkjh~ vâj h}vre~ prkhrkfefm~‚, Lm~vm jhjmlvh' ho~mrqe*~m u}m h~ fefh~ fm lòjmrh fm

jmfegde~ ë }j erc}jmlvh nmlvreg, Fm~ve ahrje' e klahrjeãîh e~~}jm pepmg prkjhrfkeg pere e

~}~vmlveãîh m nrmfkokgkfefm fe nrölkne' pkgerm~ fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe elegêvkne' gmjorelfh Nhmgdh

$?00>+,

Evrå~ fm vhfe~ m~ve~ nrêvkne~ m~vå h prm~kfmlvm fh Nhjkvâ Hgêjpknh Ore~kgmkrh $NHO+' Nergh~

L}jel' nerch u}m hn}pe fm~fm 5;;=, Iah}rk fmjhl~vre lm~ve nrölkne ~}e nerenvmrê~vkne

nhjoevkqe' nrkvknelfh m mqkfmlnkelfh e klmaknånke fm~vm jhfmgh efhvefh pmgh~ nervhge~

ore~kgmkrh~, Nhlakrjelfh ~}e aenmve nrêvkne' mj fmvmrjklefh jhjmlvh fe nrölkne' Iah}rk

fmlhjkle L}jel fm jmlvkrh~h, ‗Vmrrêqmg jm~jh' egëj fm qmr h~ ~}nm~~kqh~ chqmrlh~

ore~kgmkrh~ nòjpgknm~ fh~ nervhge~' ë pmcer }j nhjh h ~r, Nergh~ L}jel mj jmkh à~ jmlvkre~ pevëvkne~ u}m vmlvh} lh~ mlaker chmge eoekth mj ~m} oegelãh pþ~*Pmu}kj' u}elfh u}k~ prhqer

u}m h fm~mjpmldh ore~kgmkrh nrm~nm}, ^þ ~m ahr nhjh h nrm~nkjmlvh fm reoh fm neqegh‚,

Iah}rk ae' fm ahrje krölkne m omj*d}jhrefe' }je nkveãîh nhjperelfh h m~våfkh Lkldh fm

På~~erh' nhl~vr}êfh mj Pmu}kj pere h~ Bhch~ Hgêjpknh~ mj ?004' nhj }j m~våfkh u}m phfmrke

~mr mrc}kfh lh _kh fm Belmkrh' pere e Hgkjpêefe fh Ore~kg mj ?051' le vmlvevkqe fm efepver h~

fkrkcmlvm~ m~phrvkqh~ eh ~m} deokvev lev}reg, ‗Nmrvh m~vå h bhrlegk~ve Amrlelfh Qknvhrklh' fe M^PL Ore~kg' u}m kl~pkrefh lh Lkldh fm På~~erh' fm Pmu}kj' prhpö~ }j Lkldh fm _evh pere h

_kh fm Belmkrh' pere u}m lh~~h~ nervhge~ lîh ~m ~klvej fm~ghnefh~' pmktm~ ahre f‛åc}e‚,

H reoh fm neqegh m h lkldh fm revh nhjprhqej h m~vkgh gklc÷ê~vknh krölknh m ~ernå~vknh efhvefh

phr Iah}rk, Egëj fk~~h' ë mtpgknkvefe vejoëj e klahrjeãîh ~mjprm ~mlfh }je ahrje fm

~}~vmlver ~}e~ hpklkým~' e vmjåvkne phgêvkne m e ph~v}re nrêvkne mtvmrlefe~ phr mgm, Lhve*~m

vejoëj h }~h fh ghch~' rmjmjhrelfh Ihnd $?001+' lh u}eg h nrhlk~ve }vkgke fe pmr~}e~îh'erc}jmlvelfh fm ahrje nhl~k~vmlvm,

Pere fmjhl~vrer u}m e nervhgecmj ore~kgmkre vmj h~ jm~jh~ dåokvh~' h fm ~mr klnhjpmvmlvm m fm

epermnmr mj pòogknh lh~ jhjmlvh~ nmrvh~' Iah}rk vejoëj nkve h jklk~vrh fh m~phrvm Hrgelfh

^kgqe' aemlfh }je egmchrke klng}klfh evgmve~ u}m pervknkperej fh~ Bhch~ Hgêjpknh~, ‗Nhjh h

fkclê~~kjh jklk~vrh fh M~phrvm' Hrgelfh ^kgqe Br,' u}m ~}jk}' u}eg }j eqm~vr} h} nhjh e qere

fm Aeokele J}rmr' mjohre vmlde }j fk~n}r~h u}e~m kjpmnåqmg' e gëc}e~ fm fk~vïlnke fe

pråvkne' jek~ pere Berfmg Crmcþrkh fh u}m pere Je}rrml Jecck‚,



=4

H nrhlk~ve ph~~}k nhldmnkjmlvh fe~ jek~ fkqmr~e~ årme~' h u}m gdm pmrjkvm aemr e~~hnkeãým~'

nhjh e p~knhghcke m e ~hnkhghcke' fm~nrkve~ le ògvkje are~m fh vmtvh2 ‗ M lîh ë u}m fmphk~ fm vmr

vmlvefh qmver e p~knhghcke fh qögmk amjklklh' L}jel u}m echre u}m nefe fmgmceãîh gmqm }je8

Je~ lmj Arm}f mtpgkne m~vm peê~ fe repekefe orhlmefe‚,

NHL^KFM_EÃÝM^ AKLEK^

Fkelvm fe mqhg}ãîh fh bhrlegk~jh' u}m ~m vhrlh} jek~ klahrjevkqh m hobmvkqh' m fe j}felãe fh prþprkh a}vmohg' pmrfmlfh mj vënlkne m omgme m' mj nhlvrepervkfe' celdelfh mj ahrãe m lhqe~

ahrj}geãým~ våvkne~' pöfm*~m pmrnmomr u}m e nrölkne m~phrvkqe pe~~h} phr }j prhnm~~h fm

efepveãîh e m~~m~ lhqh~ pefrým~,

H~ nrhlk~ve~ nerrmcej nhl~kch e~ m~pmnkaknkfefm~ fm nefe pmrêhfh dk~vþrknh, Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~

qkqmlnkh} fhk~ jhjmlvh~ fk~vklvh~2 }j fm fm~nhlakelãe' nhj e pmrfe fe akleg fe Nhpe fh

J}lfh fm 5;=0' lh _kh fm Belmkrh' m }j cghrkh~h' nhj e nhlu}k~ve fh vrknejpmhlevh fe Nhpefh J}lfh' mj 5;=4' 5;1? m 5;30' m h ~}rckjmlvh fh~ jekhrm~ bhcefhrm~ fe dk~vþrke fh a}vmohg

ore~kgmkrh' nhjh Pmgë' Cerrklnde' Fkfk' Vh~vîh' _kqmgklh' mlvrm h}vrh~, B}ne Iah}rk' phr ~}e qm'

fmpere nhj }j a}vmohg u}m fmkth} fm ~mr kl~pkrefhr2 e~ pervkfe~ aknerej jek~ f}re~ m våvkne~ m h

lòjmrh fm nreu}m~ fkjkl}k} nhl~kfmreqmgjmlvm, H a}vmohg klnhrphrh} e~ aenmve~ jek~ pmrqmr~e~

fe ~hnkmfefm' vhrlelfh*~m' vejoëj' }j m~peãh pere nhrr}pãîh' ak~khghck~jh~ m }~h fh m~phrvm

pmgh~ nervhge~ mj omlmaênkh prþprkh, Nhl~mu}mlvmjmlvm' e~ klahrjeãým~ celderej jek~ m~peãh

vejoëj mlvrm h~ nrhlk~ve~,

Le nhjpereãîh mlvrm ejoh~ h~ nrhlk~ve~' aknej mqkfmlvm~ e~ fkamrmlãe~ mlvrm h~ m~vkgh~, Lmg~hl

_hfrkc}m~' rmprm~mlvelvm fh m~vkgh phëvknh' nerrmce }je aenmve frejåvkne u}m fkeghce vejoëj

nhj ~}e prhf}ãîh fm pmãe~ vmevrek~ m rhjelnm~, Klnhrphre gklc}ecmj rmndmefe fm jmvåahre~

dkpmroþgkne~' }vkgkelfh mtprm~~ým~ nhjh oeoer le creqeve' oeldh fm Pe}gklde Ohlepervm m

nhlqmr~e fm vmrrmlh oegfkh, H~ vmtvh~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ vejoëj ~m nerenvmrkej phr

nhl~vr}ãým~ phëvkne~ m aelve~kh~e~, Nhjh rmnhrrke ~mjprm à kjeckleãîh pere m~nrmqmr' lîh mre

efmpvh fe ep}reãîh, Phr k~~h' j}kve~ qmm~' deqke }j fm~mlnhlvrh fm klahrjeãîh, E~ nrölkne~



=;

gkvmrårke~ lîh omj ndmceqej e ~mr bhrlegk~jh' ~mc}lfh Nhmgdh $?00>+' phru}m lîh c}erfeqej

rmgeãîh akfmfkcle nhj h aevh,

Bå B}ne Iah}rk ë }j fh~ mtphmlvm~ fh perefkcje elegêvknh fe nrölkne m~phrvkqe, Eh nhlvrårkh fm

_hfrkc}m~' vmj le klahrjeãîh }j fh~ ~m}~ pkgerm~, Mj fmnhrrâlnke fk~~h' e~ nrölkne~ ~m

vhrlerej jek~ aenv}ek~ m rmagmtkqe~, Egëj fm eohrfer h u}m enhlvmnm lh m~phrvm' h m~vkgh

elegêvknh eorm m~peãh pere e~~}lvh~ h}vrhre egkbefh~ fe~ påckle~ m~phrvkqe~' nhjh e phgêvkne' u}m

m~vå e~~}jklfh }j pepmg nefe qm jek~ kjphrvelvm mj qke~ fe Nhpe fh J}lfh lh Ore~kg, H~

vmtvh~ fm B}ne Iah}rk ph~~}mj' nhjh }je fm ~}e~ pmn}gkerkfefm~' h qkë~ nhjoevkqh m nrêvknh'

eprm~mlvelfh nhl~vr}ãým~ rmpgmve~ fm krhlke,

Mj nhjpereãîh' h~ nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~ elegêvknh~ pmrfmrej h fm~g}jorejmlvh u}m h~ phëvknh~

eprm~mlvej, H a}vmohg lîh prhphrnkhle e omgme m e pgå~vkne qk~ve h}vrhre, E~ egvmreãým~ lh

jhfh fm vrel~jk~~îh fe klahrjeãîh vejoëj nhlvrko}êrej pere e j}felãe lh perefkcje fe

nrölkne m~phrvkqe, Nhj h fm~mlqhgqkjmlvh fm lhqh~ rmn}r~h~ vmnlhgþcknh~' e~ lhvênke~

nhjmãerej e ndmcer nhj }je qmghnkfefm jekhr' }je qm u}m e nhomrv}re m~phrvkqe ~m

klvml~kaknh},

Nhjh phlvh mj nhj}j' ë ph~~êqmg ho~mrqer u}m ejoh~ h~ e}vhrm~ ~}pmrej h rmgevh fm~nrkvkqh

bhrlegê~vknh' nhlfkãîh fm ~mr fe nrölkne' nhjh mg}nkfe Nh}vkldh $5;;;+' m rmegkej elågk~m~

prha}lfe~' nefe }j eh ~m} jhfh, H jek~ kjphrvelvm pere ejoh~ ë kr egëj fh aevh' nrkelfh }je

ahrje ~klc}ger fm mltmrcer h a}vmohg' }je qm u}m e nrölkne ë }j câlmrh gkqrm u}m nhjphrve

qerkefe~ ahrje~ fm ~m pml~er' gmjorelfh ^å $5;41+,

U}elvh à ahrje nhjh e~ nrölkne~ ~îh nhl~vkv}êfe~' mtk~vmj fkamrmlãe~ mqkfmlvm~ mlvrm h~e}vhrm~, Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ mlahne e~ vmjåvkne~ ~mjprm fm ahrje rhjelnmefe m phëvkne, Egëj fe

pmr~}e~îh' mjprmce vmrjh~ frejåvknh~ u}m vremj nmrve nhjhãîh eh vmtvh' eakrje Nhmgdh

$?00>+, _hfrkc}m~' gmjorelfh Nh}vkldh $5;;;+' ~m mlnekte le nrölkne jmveaê~kne' nhl~vkv}êfe fm

rmagmtîh fm n}ldh prþtkjh eh akgh~þaknh, ]vkgke*~m fh m~phrvm pere fmoevmr vmjåvkne~ rmgmqelvm~

pere e ~hnkmfefm' phr mtmjpgh' e oekte e}vhm~vkje fh ore~kgmkrh, Nhl~mc}m' phr jmkh fh ~m}

m~vkgh' nevkqe h~ gmkvhrm~ ndejelfh*h~ fm ejkch~, Fm~ve ahrje' prhqhneqe }je rmgeãîh fm

n}jpgknkfefm mlvrm ejoh~, ]vkgke*~m nhj jekhr armu}âlnke fh pdevh~' mtpgknkvefh phr Ihnd

$?001+' fmktelfh h vmtvh jek~ mjhvkqh, ^mc}lfh Nhmgdh $?00>+' Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ vrel~nrmqke



10

}je gklc}ecmj pm~~heg m aelve~kh~e' fm~nervelfh e hobmvkqkfefm „ aevh nhj}j ev}egjmlvm mj

nrölkne~ fm h}vre~ mfkvhrke~,

B}ne Iah}rk' phr ~}e qm' }vkgke*~m j}kvh jek~ fe pmr~}e~îh' h ghch~' mtpgknkvefh phr Ihnd

$?001+' ~mjprm mjoe~efe le klahrjeãîh' prmvmrklfh e frejevknkfefm, Mjprmce }je gklc}ecmj

jek~ klahrjevkqe m rmagmtkqe' eprhprkelfh*~m' nhrrku}mkrejmlvm' fm rmn}r~h~ gklc}ê~vknh~ nhjh h

~erne~jh, E~ nrölkne~ fm Iah}rk m~vîh nge~~kaknefe~ le nevmchrke klahrjevkqe' lh u}eg egc}l~

aevh~ ~îh rmqmgefh~ m fk~n}vkfh~ e a}lfh' fmjhl~vrefh phr Nh}vkldh $5;;;+, Eh nhlvrårkh fm

Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~' vhfe~ e~ klahrjeãým~ fkq}gcefe~ phr mgm vremj nhl~kch egvh cre} fm

nhlakeokgkfefm,

Ho~mrqe*~m u}m Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ m B}ne Iah}rk prhf}mj nrölkne~ lh u}eg phfm ~m lhver

prmhn}peãîh nhj e gklc}ecmj n}gve m nhj h~ rmn}r~h~ fe lerrevkqe gkvmrårke' }je fe~

nerenvmrê~vkne~ fe nrölkne' nhjh fmjhl~vre G}nmle $?00>+,

E~ nrölkne~ fm _hfrkc}m~ m~vîh rmpgmve~ fm efbmvkqeãým~ qeghrevkqe~, H nrhlk~ve nrke egn}lde~

pere fmlhjkler egc}l~ bhcefhrm~ fm a}vmohg' ne~h fm Pmgë' ndejefh fm rmk fh a}vmohg' m Fkfk' fm

prêlnkpm mvêhpm, Fm~vene*~m vejoëj phr nhl~vkv}kr }j fk~n}r~h prhaëvknh' prmcelfh*~m nhjhfhlh fe qmrfefm, Ph~~}k qhneo}gårkh rknh' eae~velfh*~m fe gklc}ecmj pmfelvm m mtvrmjejmlvm

rmo}~nefe u}m ~m qke lh~ bhrlek~ mj jmefh~ fh ~ën}gh TT, Nhj ~m} krjîh Jårkh Akgdh' nrkh} m

klvrhf}k} lh bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh }je mghn}ãîh u}m ~m eprhtkje fh~ vhrnmfhrm~ ~mj pmrfmr e

ahrje gkvmrårke m rmo}~nefe fm m~nrmqmr' mqkfmlnkefh phr Nhmgdh $?00>+,

E krhlke ë h rmn}r~h gkvmrårkh jek~ }vkgkefh phr B}ne Iah}rk' u}m nrke }je ahrje fm rkfkn}gerker

egc}l~ nervhge~ fh jmkh m~phrvkqh, M~~e ë }je fe~ jelmkre~ mlnhlvrefe~ phr mgm pere aemr }j bhrlegk~jh nhjoevkqh ~mj ~mr ~k~}fh, Fm~ve ahrje' Iah}rk ae elågk~m~ nrêvkne~ m nhl~mc}m' eh

jm~jh vmjph' mlvrmvmr h gmkvhr, Vejoëj' e~~kj nhjh _hfrkc}m~' eprm~mlve gklc}ecmj n}gve,

B}ne Iah}rk m Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ }vkgkej fe ejpge ~eomfhrke mj fkqmr~e~ årme~ fh

nhldmnkjmlvh pere vreãer eleghcke~' peregmgh~ m pmr~pmnvkqe~ lh u}m velcm e fmvmrjklefh~

e~~}lvh~ m~phrvkqh~, Fm~ve ahrje' h~ e}vhrm~ fmktej h~ vmtvh~ jek~ rknh~ m fkfåvknh~' nhj

mtpgkneãým~ fmvegdefe~ m prha}lfe~,



15

E~ vmjåvkne~ efhvefe~ pmgh~ nrhlk~ve~ ~îh fk~vklve~, Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~' egëj fm fk~nhrrmr ~horm

h~ crelfm~ bhcefhrm~ fh a}vmohg' eohrfeqe e~~}lvh~ ejpgh~ mlqhgqmlfh h m~phrvm m e ~hnkmfefm

ore~kgmkre, Ahk }j fh~ prmn}r~hrm~ mj enrmfkver le rmgmqïlnke fe p~knhghcke lh jmkh m~phrvkqh,

Eprm~mlve }j kfmårkh fm ore~kgkfefm u}m ë' nhj armu}âlnke' mtph~vh' mj a}lãîh fe rmgeãîh fh

m~phrvm nhj h php}geãîh lenkhleg' rmnhrfelfh Neprerh $?003+, Lîh rerh ~îh e~ nrölkne~ mj u}m

h e~~}lvh ë eohrfefh evrmgefh à ahrje nhj u}m h evgmve ore~kgmkrh ~m nhjphrve fkelvm fm }j

m~vrelcmkrh,

B}ne Iah}rk mlqmrmfe*~m nhj armu}âlnke pmge phgêvkne m~phrvkqe, H nrhlk~ve fmjhl~vre ~}e

kl~evk~aeãîh m ë mtvrmjejmlvm nrêvknh u}elvh à ahrje fm efjklk~vreãîh fh m~phrvm lh Ore~kg,

Vre klahrjeãîh fm oe~vkfhrm~ m vmj ahlvm~ le egve nòp}ge fh chqmrlh' h u}m få eklfe jek~nrmfkokgkfefm pere h u}m m~nrmqm, Iah}rk ae gmkv}re ~horm e~ l}elãe~ fh m~phrvm' u}m pmrjkvm

rmagmvkr m nhjprmmlfmr h~ fm~fhorejmlvh~ fh~ aevh~ le ~hnkmfefm, Vre vejoëj }je qk~îh

nrêvkne lh u}m velcm eh~ evgmve~' gmjorelfh Nhmgdh $?00>+' u}m pe~~erej e mlnerer h a}vmohg'

~hormv}fh' nhjh }j lmcþnkh,

Ejoh~ }vkgkej h qe~vh m~nhph n}gv}reg u}m ph~~}mj pere mlrku}mnmr ~m}~ vmtvh~' }je qm u}m

h nrhlk~ve prmnk~e vmr }j pml~ejmlvh fkamrmlnkefh' jelvmlfh fk~vïlnke fh g}cer*nhj}jmqkvelfh h~ mrrh~ m~vkgê~vknh~' e~~kj nhjh prmce Nh}vkldh $5;;;+, Qmrkakne*~m' vejoëj' le~

nrölkne~ fm B}ne Iah}rk m Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~ gkceãîh fm aevh~ dk~vþrknh~ m ~hnkek~ fm

fmvmrjklefh~ vmje~ eohrfefh' mlrku}mnmlfh m felfh jek~ gmckvkjkfefm ~horm h u}m ejoh~

m~nrmqmj,

Mjohre e~ nrölkne~ ~mbej vrefknkhlek~ le nhl~vr}ãîh fh bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh' mtk~vmj ph}nh~

vreoegdh~ enefâjknh~ fmfknefh~ e rmagmvkrmj ~horm h~ nrhlk~ve~ m~phrvkqh~ m ~}e~ pmn}gkerkfefm~,Phr ne}~e fm~ve aegve fm mjpmldh enefâjknh' dh}qm fkakn}gfefm fm mlnhlvrer okogkhcreake

m~pmnêakne,



1?

_MAM_ÂLNKE^ OKOGKHC_ÅAKNE^

OMGV_ÎH' G}k, H bhrlegk~jh hpklevkqh, Phrvh Egmcrm2 ^}gkle' 5;40,

NEGFE^' Segfml{r, H Phlvepë Klknkeg2 Jmjþrke fh A}vmohg Ore~kgmkrh, ^îh Pe}gh2 KO_E^E'5;;0,

NÏLFKFH' Elvölkh, E Nrölkne2 h Câlmrh ~}e akteãîh m ~}e~ vrel~ahrjeãým~ lh Ore~kg,Nejpkle~' ̂ P2 ]lknejp25;;?,

NEP_E_H' Elfrë Jmlfm~, Kfmlvkfefm~ Kjecklefe~2 a}vmohg m leãîh le nrölkne m~phrvkqe ore~kgmkre fh ~ën}gh TT, ?003, Vm~m $Fh}vhrefh mj Dk~vþrke+ „ ]lkqmr~kfefm Amfmreg fh Perelå'N}rkvkoe' ?003,

NE^V_H' _}{, H Elbh Phrlhcråaknh2 e qkfe fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~, ^îh Pe}gh2 Nhjpeldke fe~Gmvre~' 5;;?,

NDE_E]FME]' Pevrkni, Gklc}ecmj m Fk~n}r~h, ^îh Pe}gh2 Nhlvmtvh' ?004,

NHMGDH' Pe}gh Qklênk}~, Bhrlegk~jh m~phrvkqh, ^îh Pe}gh2 Nhlvmtvh' ?00>,

NH^VE' Amgkpm _hfrkc}m~9 AM__MK_E' Ejerêgkh Lmvh9 ^HE_M^' Elvölkh Bhrcm Chlãegqm~,Nhl~vr}ãîh m~phrvkqe ore~kgmkre2 dk~vþrknh' nhl~vr}ãîh m nrhlk~ve, Fk~phlêqmg mjdvvp2((sss,rmqk~ve~,}ac,or(êlfmt,pdp(ama(ervkngm(qkms(5;4, _mqk~ve Pml~er e Pråvkne $]AC+,Enm~~h mj ?; fm Eorkg fm ?055,

NH]VKLDH' Earïlkh, E gkvmrev}re lh Ore~kg , ^îh Pe}gh2 Cghoeg' 5;41,

NH]VKLDH' Kg}~ie, Nhg}lk~jh m phfmr 2 rmprm~mlveãîh le~ påckle~ fm bhrleg, _kh fm Belmkrh2^hvm~m' ?00=,

FE JEVVE' _homrvh, $hrc+, ]lkqmr~h fh a}vmohg 2 m~phrvm m ~hnkmfefm ore~kgmkre, _kh fmBelmkrh2 Pkleihvdmim' 5;4?,

AM_LÅLFMR' Jerke fh Nerjh gmkvm fm Hgkqmkre, A}vmohg amlöjmlh gklc÷ê~vknh2 elågk~mgklc÷ê~vkne fe kjprml~e m~phrvkqe, _kh fm Belmkrh2 Fhn}jmlvårkh' 5;36,

C]VM_JEL' Jernh~, H a}vmohg mtpgkne h Ore~kg 2 }je dk~vþrke fe jekhr mtprm~~îh php}ger fh peê~, ̂ îh Pe}gh2 Nhlvmtvh' ?00;,



16

ELMTH

Nrölkne~ fm Lmg~hl _hfrkc}m~

5 Frecým~ fm M~phre m Pmlendh

Ejkch~' ahk e jek~ omge qkvþrke fh a}vmohg j}lfkeg mj vhfh~ h~ vmjph~, Fm~ve qm' lîh då

fm~n}gpe' lîh då fòqkfe' lîh då ~hak~je, Fm~fm h Pereê~h' bejek~ dh}qm }j a}vmohg nhjh h

lh~~h, Qhnâ~ ~m gmjorej fh u}m h~ lh~~h~ ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ fkkej fh~ nreu}m~ m}rhpm}~, Eh

pe~~h u}m lþ~ ërejh~ u}e~m }l~ pmrle~*fm*pe}' u}e~m }l~ neomãe~*fm*oecrm, ^m Lephgmîh vkqm~*

~m ~harkfh e~ qeke~ u}m agecmgerej h m~nrmvm' lîh celderke lmj oevegde~ fm ~hgfefkldh~ fmnd}joh,

Mre jek~ aånkg mlnhlvrer }je ckreae mj lh~~e~ rmfeãým~ fh u}m }j hvkjk~ve, H hvkjk~ve mre

qk~vh' m rmqk~vh' nhjh }j fëokg jmlveg, U}elfh h m~nrmvm ~ek} feu}k' e~ dkmle~' h~ eo}vrm~' h~

ndenek~ }kqeqej2 ‖ ‗Lîh pe~~e fe~ u}erve~*fm*akleg%‚, Aeke*~m }je nejpelde fh pm~~kjk~jh,

M h~ ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ rmnhjmlfeqej2 ‗D}jkgfefm' d}jkgfefm%‚, Nhjh ~m h ore~kgmkrh ah~~m }j

phorm*fkeoh fm pek m jîm, M} jm gmjorh fh fke mj u}m Bhîh ^egfelde ahk ndejefh pere vënlknh

fh m~nrmvm, Vkqmjh~ }je nhlqmr~e fm vmrrmlh oegfkh, M jm fkke h Bhîh2 ‖ ‗Qejh~ celder fm

u}egu}mr jelmkre% H nelmnh ë lh~~h%‚,

_erê~~kjh~ enrmfkveqej lh Ore~kg, ]j fmgm~ mre h prm~kfmlvm' u}m jm fkke2 ‖ ‗Qejh~ celder'

qejh~ celder‚ ‖ m u}m' eklfe lh ~åoefh' feqe h ~m} pegpkvm pere e aklegê~~kje, Je~ h~

‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ b}reqej u}m h a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh m~veqe evre~efh vrklve elh~, M e aejh~e

qmghnkfefm m}rhpëke8 M~~e qmghnkfefm mtk~vke mlvrm mgm~' m pere mgm~, Je~ h Ore~kg celdh} fm

vhfh j}lfh elfelfh' ~kjpgm~jmlvm elfelfh, Nhj e lh~~e jhrh~kfefm cmlkeg lþ~ mlvmrrejh~ e

qmghnkfefm o}rre fh~ lh~~h~ efqmr~årkh~,



1=

^mjprm m~nrmqk $creãe~ e Fm}~' lîh ‗mlvmlfh‚ fm a}vmohg+' je~ m~nrmqk u}m e aklegê~~kje fm 11

ahk h elvka}vmohg m' rmpkvh' }je pmgefe fe pkhr m~pënkm, Je~ ek fm lþ~' ek fm lþ~, H ‗mlvmlfkfh‚'

~þ fm aeger fe Klcgevmrre m fe Egmjelde' oeoeqe le creqeve, U}mrke eneoer nhj h câlkh' e

jecke' e omgme fh lh~~h a}vmohg, Je~' ~mj u}mrmr' nhj ~}e klëpnke' nhj ~}e klnhjpmvâlnke' h~

‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ eneoerej prm~velfh }j crelfm ~mrqkãh' phru}m vhrlerej h~ orkh~ fh m~nrmvm jek~

mrkãefh~ fh u}m e~ nmrfe~ oreqe~ fh beqegk,

H n}rkh~h ë u}m h~ lîh mlvmlfkfh~ ë u}m enrmfkveqej le ~mgmãîh, Phr mtmjpgh2 ‖ h Segvdmr

Jhrmkre ^eggm~, Pö~*~m à armlvm fm vhfh h jhqkjmlvh fm ephkh aklelnmkrh eh m~nrmvm, Lîh aegvh}

u}mj gdm fk~~m~~m2 ‖ ‗Lîh aeãe k~~h, M~~m m~nrmvm ë }je frhce‚, Nhk~e n}rkh~e2 ‖ mjjhjmlvh lmld}j h Segvdmr Jhrmkre ^eggm~ fmkth} fm enrmfkver le lh~~e ~mgmãîh, J}kve~ qmm~

jm fk~~m2 ‖ ‗M} ~mk u}m qejh~ celder‚,

Perh fm m~nrmqmr pere evmlfmr h vmgmahlm, Ë h Qefkldh Fhgeomge' h ògvkjh ohâjkh' h ògvkjh

rhjïlvknh fh Ore~kg, Ndhre lh vmgmahlm2 ‖ ‗Lmg~hl' celdejh~' Lmg~hl% H nelmnh ë lh~~h%‚,

U}m mgm ~mrke lh~~h m~veqe m~nrkvh då 1 jkg elh~, L}lne }je ~mgmãîh am' le dk~vþrke fh a}vmohg'

}je bhrlefe vîh pmramkve nhjh h Ore~kg mj 30, Celdejh~ fm vhfh~ h~ p~m}fhnhore~, Vhfe~ e~aklegê~~kje~ ~îh f}rê~~kje~, Egmjelde t Kvågke' mj >4' mtkck} prhrrhceãîh, U}elfh h bhch

eneoh}' h~ nreu}m~ fmkveqej*~m lh ndîh' j}kvh jek~ jhrvh~ fh u}m qkqh~, Egmjelde t

Klcgevmrre' lhqe prhrrhceãîh' velvh mj 11' nhjh mj 30, H Ore~kg lîh prmnk~h} fm }j jkl}vh e

jek~,

M lþ~' hlvmj' fmjh~ }j pe~~mkh, U}mj am h chg fe Kvågke' h arelnk~nelh chg fe Kvågke' lîh

ahrej h~ kvegkelh~, Ahk }je orklnefmkre fm Nghfhegfh, M~~m lhveokgê~~kjh nreu}m' ~mrckpelhu}evrhnmlvîh' rm~hgqm} fer }je ohge fm negnelder, H klkjkch rmnmom} fm prm~mlvm' rmnmom} fm

creãe' h pe~~m m h chg, Eh pe~~h u}m h~ chg~ ore~kgmkrh~ ahrej hore~ fm ervm' krrmvhnåqmk~' mvmr*

le~, E neomãefe fm Pmgë' le eomrv}re fe nhlvecmj' ahk egch fm klnhlnmoêqmg, Mgm ~}ok}' gmqm'

u}e~m egefh' m mlakh} lh nelvh,

Mj ~}je' nefe chg fh~ lh~~h~ mre }je prmnkh~kfefm, Bå le që~pmre e~ jekhrm~ e}vhrkfefm~ fh

a}vmohg fmngererej' }lelkjmjmlvm' u}m h Ore~kg vklde u}m celder h bhch' phru}m mre j}kvh

jmgdhr, M~~m mre h þoqkh }g}gelvm' u}m h j}lfh mltmrceqe' jmlh~ h~ ‗mlvmlfkfh~‚ feu}k, Elvm~

u}m m} jm m~u}mãe' prmnk~h ho~mrqer h mqkfmlvê~~kjh2 ‖ celdejh~ felfh' lh efqmr~årkh' }j



11

oeldh fm Pe}gkle Ohlepervm, Fkke*~m u}m h~ kvegkelh~ mrej ahrjkfåqmk~, Pmrfmrej fm 6 t 5

pere lþ~' m fmqke ~mr fm 6 t 0, H} jmgdhr2 ‖ m lmj fm 6 t 0' je~ fm = t 0' m mtpgknh2 ‖ lh

ògvkjh jhjmlvh' _kqmgklh' frkogelfh vhfh j}lfh' klqefk} e årme m ke mlvrer nhj ohge m v}fh'

u}elfh ~harm} h jek~ nêlknh' h jek~ fm~geqefh fh~ pâlegvk~, Mre }j chg jek~ fh u}m nmrvh,

Eklfe vkqmjh~ u}m mlarmlver }j årokvrh egvejmlvm pmrlknkh~h,

Ejkch~' cgþrke mvmrle eh~ vrknejpmým~ j}lfkek~, Creãe~ e m~~m m~nrmvm' h ore~kgmkrh lîh vmj

jek~ qmrchlde fm ~mr pevrkhve, ^hjh~ ;0 jkgdým~ fm ore~kgmkrh~' fm m~phre~ m pmlendh' nhjh h~

Frecým~ fm Pmfrh Ejërknh,

? E _megme fm Pmgë

Fmphk~ fh bhch Ejërkne t ^elvh~' ~mrke }j nrkjm lîh aemr fm Pmgë h jm} pmr~hlecmj fe

~mjele, Crelfm akc}re' u}m h jm} nhlarefm Egomrv Ge}rmlnm ndeje fm ‗h Fhjklch~ fe C}ke

fh eveu}m‚, Mtejklh e aknde fm Pmgë m vhjh }j ~}~vh2 ‖ fmm~~mvm elh~% Då nmrve~ kfefm~ u}m

~îh eomrrelvm~' klqmrh~~êjmk~, ]je fmge~ ë e fm Pmgë, M}' nhj jek~ fm u}ermlve' n}~vh e nrmr

u}m egc}ëj ph~~e vmr fmm~~mvm elh~' bejek~, Phk~ omj2 ‖ qmrfefmkrh cerhvh' h jm}

pmr~hlecmj elfe mj nejph nhj }je fm~~e~ e}vhrkfefm~ krrm~k~vêqmk~ m aevek~, Fkr*~m*ke }j rmk'lîh ~mk ~m Gmer' ~m kjpmrefhr Bhlm~' ~m mvêhpm, _enkegjmlvm pmramkvh' fh ~m} pmkvh permnmj

pmlfmr jelvh~ klqk~êqmk~, Mj ~}je2 ‖ phldej*lh mj u}egu}mr relndh m e ~}e jebm~vefm

fklå~vkne då fm ha}~ner vhfe e nhrvm mj fmrrmfhr,

H u}m lþ~ ndejejh~ fm rmegme ë' enkje fm v}fh' }j m~vefh fm egje, M Pmgë gmqe ~horm h~

fmjek~ bhcefhrm~ }je qelvecmj nhl~kfmråqmg2 ‖ e fm ~m ~mlvkr rmk' fe neomãe eh~ pë~, U}elfh

mgm epelde e ohge' m frkoge }j efqmr~årkh' ë nhjh u}mj mlthve' u}mj m~nhrreãe }j pgmom}kclerh m pkhgdmlvh, M h jm} pmr~hlecmj vmj }je veg ~ml~eãîh fm ~}pmrkhrkfefm u}m lîh ae

nmrkjölke~, Bå gdm pmrc}lverej2 ‖ ‗U}mj ë h jekhr jmke fh j}lfh8‚, Mgm rm~phlfm}' nhj e

âlae~m fe~ nmrvme~ mvmrle~2 ‖ ‗M}‚, Kl~k~vkrej2 ‖ ‗U}eg ë h jekhr phlve fh j}lfh8‚, M Pmgë2

‖ ‗M}‚, Mj h}vrh u}egu}mr' m~~m fm~pgelvm aerke rkr h} ~hrrkr, Je~ h aeo}gh~h nreu}m pým lh

u}m fk }je veg nerce fm nhlqknãîh' u}m lklc}ëj rmecm m vhfh~ pe~~ej e efjkvkr u}m mgm ~mbe'

rmegjmlvm' h jekhr fm vhfe~ e~ ph~kãým~, Le~ phlve~' le~ jmke~ m lh nmlvrh' då fm ~mr h jm~jh'

k~vh ë' h klnhjperåqmg Pmgë,



13

Qmbej h u}m mgm am' h}vrh fke' lh bå rmamrkfh Ejërkne t ^elvh~, Mlakh}' m u}e~m ~mjprm pmgh

m~ahrãh pm~~heg' u}evrh chg~ mj Phjpëke, ^hkldh' gku}kfh} e pervkfe' gku}kfh} h Ejërkne'

jhlhphgkh} h pgener, Eh jm} gefh' }j ejmrknelh fhmlvm m~vrmo}ndeqe2 ‖ ‗Qå bhcer omj

e~~kj lh fkeoh u}m h nerrmc}m%‚, Fm nmrve amkve' ahk evë fm~jhregkelvm, Eklfe lh prkjmkrh

vmjph' mgm rmnmom h nh}rh lh jmkh fh nejph, H}vrh u}egu}mr vmrke fm~pendefh, Pmgë' lîh,

Hgde pere e armlvm m h nejkldh evë h chg m~vå mlv}pkfh fm efqmr~årkh~, Je~ h dhjmj rm~hgqm

aemr v}fh ~hkldh, Frkoge h prkjmkrh m h ~mc}lfh, Qmj*gdm eh mlnegãh' amrhjmlvm' h vmrnmkrh'

u}m Pmgë nhrve ~ml~enkhlegjmlvm, L}je pegeqre2 ‖ ~mj pe~~er e lklc}ëj m ~mj eb}fe fm

lklc}ëj' mgm prhjhqm} e fm~vr}kãîh jkl}nkh~e m ~åfkne fe fmam~e r}ore, Evë u}m ndmch} }j

jhjmlvh mj u}m lîh deqke jek~ lklc}ëj pere frkoger, Lîh mtk~vke }je fmam~e, H} phr h}vre2 ‖ e fmam~e m~veqe klfmam~e, M' mlvîh' gkqrm le årme klkjkce' Pmgë endh} u}m mre fmjek~ frkoger

Phjpëke m mlneãeph} fm jelmkre cmlkeg m klepmgåqmg,

Hre' pere aemr }j chg e~~kj lîh oe~ve epmle~ h ~kjpgm~ m p}rh a}vmohg, Ë prmnk~h egch jek~' h}

~mbe' m~~e pgmlkv}fm fm nhlakelãe' fm nmrvme' fm hvkjk~jh' u}m ae fm Pmgë h nreu}m kjoevêqmg,

U}mrh nrmr u}m e ~}e jekhr qkrv}fm ë' b}~vejmlvm' e kjhfë~vke eo~hg}ve, Pým*~m phr nkje fm v}fh

m fm vhfh~, M eneoe klvkjkfelfh e prþprke ohge' u}m qmj eh~ ~m}~ pë~ nhj }je gejokfefhnkgkfefm fm nefmgklde, Dhbm' evë }je nejoetkrre ~eom u}m Pmgë ë kjprm~nklfêqmg le ahrjeãîh

fm u}egu}mr m~nrmvm, Le ^}ënke' mgm lîh vrmjmrå fm lklc}ëj, Då fm hgder h~ dòlcerh~' h~

klcgm~m~' h~ r}~~h~ fm egvh e oekth, Lîh ~m klamrkhrkerå fkelvm fm lklc}ëj, M ë fm~~e evkv}fm

qkrkg m jm~jh kl~hgmlvm u}m prmnk~ejh~, ^kj' ejkch~2 ‖ eph~vh jklde neomãe nhjh Pmgë qek

ender vhfh~ h~ lh~~h~ efqmr~årkh~ }l~ pmrle~*fm*pe},

Phr u}m pmrfmjh~' le ^}êãe' pere e D}lcrke8 Mtejklmj e ahvhcreake fm }j m h}vrh vkjmmlvrelfh mj nejph, Mlu}elvh h~ dòlcerh~ mrc}mj h rh~vh' hgdej f}rh' mjpklej h pmkvh' lþ~

oektejh~ e neomãe m u}e~m oeoejh~ fm d}jkgfefm, M~~m agecrelvm' phr ~k ~þ' elvmnkpe m mg}nkfe e

fmrrhve, Nhj Pmgë lh vkjm' m h}vrh~ nhjh mgm' lklc}ëj krå pere e ^}ënke nhj e egje fh~ qkre*

geve~, H~ h}vrh~ ë u}m vrmjmrîh fkelvm fm lþ~,

> H Chg Jkg

Ejkch~' e nkfefm vmj = jkgdým~ fm deokvelvm~' vegqm jek~, Phk~ m~~m~ = jkgdým~ fmqkej m~ver

prm~mlvm~' elvmhlvmj' lh M~våfkh Jårkh Akgdh pere qmr h jkgë~kjh chg fm Pmgë, Fkrîh h~ kfkhve~



14

fe hobmvkqkfefm u}m h mt*Jerenelî nhjphrve' lh jåtkjh' ?=0 jkg pm~~he~, Je~ h~ u}m lîh

p}fm~~mj mlvrer aknerkej fh gefh fm ahre' evrenefh~ eh refkldh fm pkgde m nd}pelfh gerelbe~,

H u}m endh klnrêqmg m' ~hormv}fh' klfm~n}gpåqmg ë u}m egc}ëj' qkqh h} jhrvh' p}fm~~m akner

klfkamrmlvm à jek~ gklfe am~ve fh a}vmohg ore~kgmkrh mj vhfh~ h~ vmjph~, ^kj' h~ qkqh~ fmqkej

~ekr fm ~}e~ ne~e~ m h~ jhrvh~ fm ~}e~ v}joe~, Qkqe e j}gdmr ohlkve' u}m lîh aegvh}, ^þ e~ amke~

lîh epermnmrej,

Lîh ~mk ~m ~eomj u}m h ~}ogkjm nrkh}gh ae~nkle e j}gdmr ohlkve, E~ jek~ gklfe~ cerhve~ m~veqej

gå, Je~ aegmk mj am~ve fh a}vmohg m' rmegjmlvm' ahk j}kvh jek~ fh u}m k~~h, Mre }je am~ve

lenkhleg' e am~ve fh phqh' e am~ve fh dhjmj,

Le akge fh~ mgmqefhrm~' h jm} prkjmkrh hgder fm~nhork} e crî* akle fe~ lerkle~ fm nefåqmr,

Qhnâ~ mlvmlfmj8 Mge nhlvkl}e lîh ~eomlfh u}mj ë e ohge, Je~ h u}m e jeclmvkeqe mre Pmgë

nhjh dhjmj' jkvh m dmrþk, Omj ~eomjh~ u}m a}vmohg ë }j m~ahrãh nhgmvkqh, ^îh h~ vkjm~ u}m

celdej' pmrfmj h} mjpevej, Je~ lh ne~h fm Pmgë' ahk }j ~þ, ^þ mgm jernh} h~ jkg chg~,

L}lne ~m qk} lefe permnkfh lh j}lfh, Ë }je cgþrke jereqkgdh~ejmlvm klfkqkf}eg'jereqkgdh~ejmlvm ~hgkvårke, ^hjm*~m e k~vh h~ chg~ u}m mgm fm} le oelfmbe' chg~ fh~ u}ek~ mgm ahk

h nh*e}vhr' h} jmgdhr' ahk jek~ e}vhr fh u}m h e}vhr, ]j pe~~m cmlkeg qegm nhjh }j chg,

J}kvh~ gejmlvej u}m vmlde ~kfh fm pâlegvk, Jm} Fm}~ fh në}' m feê8 Le ~}e pmlmvreãîh

a}gjklelvm' vklde oevkfh vhfe e fmam~e efqmr~årke, Ke mlvrer nhj ohge m v}fh, M ~harm} h pâlegvk,

Lîh ahk }j nhjpeldmkrh' je~ mgm prþprkh u}mj ahk fmrr}oefh, Lîh u}mrke nhorer, Je~ ~m}~

nhjpeldmkrh~ akmrej }je crmqm gklfe nhlvre h pâlegvk, Lklc}ëj vhnerke le ohge, M' mlvîh' 500jkg pm~~he~' le ckcelvm~ne nefâlnke nhreg' nhjmãerej e mtkckr2 ‖ ‗Pmgë' Pmgë' Pmgë%‚, ]je fe~

u}m jek~ ~m m~celkãeqej mre e crî*akle fe~ lerkle~ fm nefåqmr, ]je gh}rê~~kje ~}~pkrh}'

errmoevefe2 ‖ ‗Nhj m~~m m} jm ne~eqe%‚,

Je~ qmbej nhjh h crelfm enhlvmnkjmlvh vmj e pek~ecmj prþprke, Nhjh bå m~nrmqk' E}~vmrgkv

lîh phfke ~mr fk~p}vefe l}j cegkldmkrh, Ahk k~~h u}m m} fk~~m' u}elfh h ^elvh~ bhch} lh nejph

fh M~phrvm Ng}om Oedke, Ë þoqkh u}m' fmphk~ fh M~våfkh Jårkh Akgdh' vhfh~ h~ nejph~

pmu}mlh~ ~m vhrlerej cegkldmkrh~ krrmjmfkåqmk~, H Penemjo}' phr mtmjpgh' ë }j cegkldmkrh,



1;

H nejph fh Ohveahch' fh Ag}jklml~m' fh Peru}m Elvårvkne' m nmlvmle~' jkgderm~ fm h}vrh~

nejph~ ho~hgmvh~' ~îh h}vrh~ velvh~ cegkldmkrh~, Ë eu}k m' rmpkvh' ë lh M~vefh Jårkh Akgdh u}m

Pmgë vmqm h~ ~m}~ crelfm~ fke~ m e~ ~}e~ crelfm~ lhkvm~, H prþprkh nrkh}gh ~eom u}m ë j}kvh jek~

ejefh eu}k fh u}m mj ^îh Pe}gh,

U}elfh e ohge ahk nhghnefe le jerne fh pâlegvk' nrkh}*~m }j ~}~pml~m nhgh~~eg lh m~våfkh, H

jm} nhgmce m ejkch Qkgge~*Oöe~ Nhrrâe' u}m lîh vmj lefe fm pe~~khleg' m~veqe nhjhqkfh fe

neomãe eh~ ~epevh~, E gh}rê~~kje' phr jkj nkvefe' ~mlvke*~m nefe qm jek~ lhkqe fm Pmgë, H

jerkfh' eh gefh' permnke nhlnhrfer nhj h lhkqefh m fer*gdm ~}e eprhqeãîh mlv}~kå~vkne, M} lîh

~mk nhjh fkmr, Je~ m~våqejh~ vhfh~ nrk~pefh~ fm }je mjhãîh' }j nmrvh vkph fm mjhãîh' nhjh

lîh nhldmnêejh~, Eh u}m êejh~ e~~k~vkr bå mre Dk~vþrke m bå mre Gmlfe, Kjecklmj egc}ëj u}mah~~m vm~vmj}lde fm Sevmrghh' h} fe jhrvm fm Në~er' h} ~mk gå,

Lh mt*Jerenelî' am*~m }j ~kgâlnkh ml~}rfmnmfhr u}m vhfe e nkfefm h}qk}, Lh kl~velvm fh

nd}vm' e nhte fm Pmgë vhrlh}*~m pgå~vkne' mgå~vkne' qkveg' nhjh e elne fm neqegh, Je~ deqke

egc}ëj nhlvrenmlelfh nhj mgm lh u}klvh evh fe oevegde, Mre h ahrjkfåqmg chgmkrh ercmlvklh

Elfrefe, Mj u}egu}mr dkpþvm~m' mgm ke ~m vhrler }je akc}re dk~vþrkne2 ‖ fmamlfmlfh h} lîh,

M u}elfh Pmgë m~vh}rh} e~ rmfm~' h M~våfkh Jårkh Akgdh qhh} pmgh~ erm~, Fm~fm Pmrh Qe fm

Nejklde' lmld}j ore~kgmkrh rmnmomre ephvmh~m vejelde, Fm rmpmlvm' nhjh pevrênkh~ fh

c}mrrmkrh' nefe }j fm lþ~ ~mlvk}*~m }j ph}nh nh*e}vhr fh amkvh, Pmgë qhh}' errmjm~~h}*~m

fmlvrh fh chg, Ecerrh} m omkbh} e ohge, M ndhreqe' h fkqklh nrkh}gh, Nmj jkg pm~~he~' fm pë'

epge}fkej nhjh le þpmre, Fmphk~' e~~k~vkjh~ à qhgve hgêjpkne, Pmgë nhj e nejk~e fh Qe~nh'

Leu}mgm jhjmlvh ërejh~ vhfh~ ore~kgmkrh~ nhjh l}lne' epekthlefejmlvm ore~kgmkrh~,

6 Nhjpgmth fm Qkre*Geve~

Dhbm qh} aemr fh m~nrmvm h jm} l}jmrh~h pmr~hlecmj fe ~mjele, H~ bhcefhrm~ bå pervkrej m h

Ore~kg qenkge mlvrm h pm~~kjk~jh jek~ hov}~h m e m~pmrelãe jek~ armlëvkne, Le~ m~u}kle~' lh~

ohvmnh~' phr vhfe pervm' då u}mj m~oreqmbm2 ‖ ‗H Ore~kg lîh qek lmj ~m nge~~kakner%‚, M' eu}k'

m} pmrc}lvh2 ‖ lîh ~mrå m~ve evkv}fm lmcevkqe h fk~aernm fm }j hvkjk~jh klnhlam~~h m

mlqmrchldefh8



30

Mk~ e qmrfefm' ejkch~2 ‖ fm~fm =0 u}m h lh~~h a}vmohg vmj p}fhr fm enrmfkver mj ~k jm~jh, E

fmrrhve armlvm eh~ }r}c}ekh~' le ògvkje oevegde' eklfe ae ~harmr' le nere m le egje' u}egu}mr

ore~kgmkrh, Ahk }je d}jkgdeãîh lenkhleg u}m lefe' eo~hg}vejmlvm lefe' phfm n}rer, Fkmj u}m

v}fh pe~~e' je~ m} qh~ fkch2 jmlh~ e fhr*fm*nhvhqmgh u}m lh~ aknh} fh~ ? t 5, M n}~ve nrmr u}m

}j m~nhrm vîh pmu}mlh ph~~e ne}~er }je fhr vîh crelfm, H vmjph pe~~h} mj qîh ~horm e

fmrrhve, Fkr*~m*ke u}m ahk hlvmj' m lîh då hkvh elh~' u}m' eh~ omrrh~' Hof}gkh errelnh}' fm lþ~' h

vêv}gh, M} fk~~m ‗errelnh}‚ nhjh phfmrke fkmr2 ‖ ‗mtvrek}‚ fm lþ~ h vêv}gh nhjh ~m ah~~m }j

fmlvm,M' dhbm' ~m lmcejh~ h m~nrmvm fm =4' lîh vmldejh~ fòqkfe2 ‖ ë eklfe e ar}~vreãîh fm =0

u}m a}lnkhle, Ch~verêejh~ vegqm fm enrmfkver le ~mgmãîh, Je~ h u}m lh~ vreqe ë h ~mc}klvm2 ‖

h pïlknh fm }je lhqe m krrmjmfkåqmg fm~kg}~îh, M c}erfejh~' pere lþ~ jm~jh~' u}egu}mr

m~pmrelãe, ^þ kjecklh }je nhk~e2 ‖ ~m h Ore~kg qmlnm le ^}ënke' ~m qhgve nejpmîh fh j}lfh%Ed' e aë u}m m~nhlfmjh~' e aë u}m lmcejh~' rmomlverke vhfe~ e~ nhjphrve~ m 10 jkgdým~ fm

ore~kgmkrh~ kej eneoer lh dh~pênkh,

Je~ qmbejh~2 ‖ h m~nrmvm ore~kgmkrh vmj' rmegjmlvm' ph~~kokgkfefm~ nhlnrmve~8 M} phfmrke

rm~phlfmr' ~kjpgm~jmlvm' ‗lîh‚, Je~ mk~ e qmrfefm2 ‖ m} enrmfkvh lh ore~kgmkrh' m pkhr fh u}m

k~~h2 ‖ ~h} fm }j pevrkhvk~jh klev}eg m ecrm~~kqh' fkclh fm }j crelefmkrh okchf}fh, Vmldh

qk~vh bhcefhrm~ fm h}vrh~ peê~m~' klng}~kqm h~ mt* aeo}gh~h~ dòlcerh~' u}m epelderej' eu}k' fhe~pkrelvm*mltmrvefh fh Agejmlch, Phk~ omj2 ‖ lîh qk lklc}ëj u}m ~m nhjpere~~m eh~ lh~~h~,

Aege*~m l}j P}~ie~, M} nhlvre*erc}jmlvh nhj }j Efmjkr' }j Fkfk' }j Gmölkfe~' }j Bekr' }j

Rkkldh,

E p}re' e ~elve qmrfefm ë e ~mc}klvm2 ‖ u}egu}mr bhcefhr ore~kgmkrh' u}elfh ~m fm~ejerre fm

~}e~ klkokãým~ m ~m pým mj m~vefh fm creãe' ë egch fm òlknh mj jevërke fm aelve~ke' fm

kjprhqk~eãîh' fm klqmlãîh, Mj ~}je2 ‖ vmjh~ fhl~ mj mtnm~~h, M ~þ }je nhk~e lh~ evrepegdem' phr qmm~' klqegkfe e~ lh~~e~ u}egkfefm~, U}mrh eg}fkr eh u}m m} phfmrke ndejer fm

‗nhjpgmth fm qkre*geve~‚, M~vh} e kjeckler h m~pelvh fh gmkvhr2 ‖ ‗H u}m qmj e ~mr k~~h8‚,

M} mtpgknh, Phr ‗nhjpgmth fm qkre*geve~‚ mlvmlfh m} e klamrkhrkfefm mj u}m h ore~kgmkrh ~m

nhghne' qhg}lverkejmlvm' mj aenm fh rm~vh fh j}lfh, K~vh mj vhfh~ h~ ~mvhrm~ m' ~hormv}fh' lh

a}vmohg, Fkmr u}m lþ~ lh~ b}gcejh~ ‗h~ jekhrm~‚ ë }je nêlkne klqmrfefm, Mj Smjogm{' phr

u}m pmrfmjh~8 Phru}m' fkelvm fh u}efrh klcgâ~' gh}rh m ~erfmlvh' e mu}kpm ore~kgmkre celk} fm

d}jkgfefm, Bejek~ ahk vîh mqkfmlvm m' m} fkrke jm~jh' m~pmven}ger h lh~~h qkre*gevk~jh, Le bå

nkvefe qmrchlde fm =0' ërejh~ ~}pmrkhrm~ eh~ efqmr~årkh~, Egëj fk~~h' gmqåqejh~ e qelvecmj



35

fh mjpevm, Phk~ omj2 ‖ m pmrfmjh~ fe jelmkre jek~ eobmve, Phr }j jhvkqh j}kvh ~kjpgm~2 ‖

phru}m Hof}gkh lh~ vrevh} e phlvepë~' nhjh ~m qkre*geve~ aö~~mjh~,

M} qh~ fkch2 ‖ h prhogmje fh m~nrmvm lîh ë jek~ fm a}vmohg' lmj fm vënlkne' lmj fm våvkne,

Eo~hg}vejmlvm, Ë }j prhogmje fm aë mj ~k jm~jh, H ore~kgmkrh prmnk~e ~m nhlqmlnmr fm u}m

lîh ë }j qkre*geve~ m u}m vmj a}vmohg pere fer m qmlfmr' gå le ^}ënke, ]je qm u}m mgm ~m

nhlqmlãe fk~~h' phldej*lh pere nhrrmr mj nejph m mgm prmnk~erå fm fm pere ~mc}rer' nhjh h

ndklâ~ fe elmfhve, Kl~k~vh2 ‖ pere h m~nrmvm' ~mr h} lîh ~mr qkre*geve~' mk~ e u}m~vîh,

Nrölkne~ fm B}ne Iah}rk

5 A}vmohg fm Php~ver~

H a}vmohg j}fh}, ^m ahk pere jmgdhr h} pere pkhr' ë h u}m jmlh~ kjphrve, Kjphrve u}m j}fh}'

m ë nhj m~ve lhqe rmegkfefm u}m vmrmjh~ fm nhlqkqmr, U}mj bhce a}vmohg fm prkjmkre gklde lîh ë

jek~ ~kjpgm~jmlvm }j evgmve,

Ë nmgmorkfefm' php~ver, H~ _hlegfh~' phr mtmjpgh' egëj fm }j ohj lhjm pere }j nhlb}lvh fm

rhni' m~vîh pere h a}vmohg e~~kj nhjh Jkndemg Beni~hl m~vå pere h ~dhsok, Elvm~ fm jek~

lefe' e neomãe fm nefe }j m~vå qhgvefe pere ~m} prþprkh }jokch, H nhgmvkqh qmj fmphk~'

u}elfh qmj, Klvmrm~~e' mj prkjmkrh g}cer' h pevrhnklefhr' h el}lnkelvm' phru}m' phr jekhr u}m

~mbe h ~egårkh pech pmgh~ ng}om~' e jekhr ahlvm fm rmlfe qmj fh~ elòlnkh~,

H jmgdhr mtmjpgh ë h _meg Jefrkf' nefe qm jmlh~ }j ng}om m~phrvkqh' nefe qm jek~ }je

ecmlnke u}m pým ~}e~ m~vrmge~ e ~mrqkãh fe mnhlhjke cghoegkefe, Pmrfmr }j nejpmhlevh ë r}kj

j}kvh jmlh~ pmge vrk~vme fe fmrrhve fh u}m pmgh~ prmb}êh~ à kjecmj fh~ cerhvh~ prhpecelfe'

u}m lîh vâj p}fhr fm mjprm~vå*ge lmj jm~jh pere aemr nejpelde~ fm omokfe~ egnhþgkne~,

E ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre le Nhpe fh J}lfh fm ?001 ahk ngerejmlvm evklckfe phr m~vm lhqh m~vefh fm

nhk~e~, ]je m~pënkm fm ~}n}r~eg fh _meg Jefrkf $_homrvh Nergh~' _hlegfh' _hokldh' Nknkldh+'

e NOA qkrh} crkam jmlhr' m nhjh ~eoke u}m h dmte lîh mre jm~jh pere h ~m} oknh $lîh ahrej

ph}nh~ h~ bhcefhrm~ e jmjorh~ fe nhjk~~îh vënlkne u}m' mj pervkn}ger' rmnhldmnkej veg

kjph~~kokgkfefm+ mj crejefh~ m}rhpm}~* hlfm e lkim jelfe jmlh~ m m~vå aerh fe fmnk~îh* '

vrevh} fm klnmlvkqer rmnhrfm~' nhjh h~ fm Nea} m _hlegfh,



3?

_eîh pmge u}eg evë ae ~mlvkfh e mlvrmce epåvkne fkelvm fh~ arelnm~m~, U}m' ë ngerh' vejoëj vmj

~m}~ php~ver~' egëj fm' nhjh fk~~m Dmlr{' vmrmj jmgdhr ahrjeãîh n}gv}reg m' nmrvejmlvm'

qêln}gh~ jek~ m~vrmkvh~ nhj ~m}~ peê~m~ m ~m}~ vhrnmfhrm~' pmge prhtkjkfefm' kjph~~êqmg eh~

lh~~h~' fe nhlqkqâlnke,

E~~kj nhjh G}tmjo}rch ~}n}jok} fkelvm fm~ve lhqe rmegkfefm lh _meg Jefrkf' Perrmkre e

mlvmlfm} nhjh gêfmr fm nmgmorkfefm~ jkgkhlårke~,

? Ed' m} ~h} ore~kgmkrh%

Nefe qm jm krrkve jek~ h~ oekrrk~jh~, Jm~jh ~eomlfh u}m vreve*~m fm }je g}ve pmrfkfe' phru}m

e krrenkhlegkfefm m e m~v}pkfm ~îh nefe qm jek~ jebhrkvårke~ lm~ve ~hnkmfefm ~mj aenm m ~mj

qeghrm~ pere qegmr,

‗Ed' m} ~h} ceòndh‚' crkvej lh Hgêjpknh' nhjh ~m ~kclkakne~~m fkmr ‗ed' m} ~h} dhlm~vh‚' ‗ed'

m} ~h} klvmgkcmlvm‚' ‗ed' m} ~h} vreoegdefhr‚' ‗ed' m} ~h} orelne‚, U}eg ë e qelvecmj fm ~mr

ceòndh' pe}gk~ve nerkhne h} jklmkrh8

^m crkve~~mj ‗ed' m} ~h} crmjk~ve‚ h} ‗ed' m} ~h} nhghrefh‚' h} ‗ed' m} ~h} pmvk~ve‚ ferke pere

mlvmlfmr, ^îh m~nhgde~ ng}oê~vkne~ h} pervkfårke~ m ë lev}reg u}m h nhrklvkelh ~m ~klve jek~

prkqkgmckefh u}m h~ fmjek~ h} u}m h nhj}lk~ve ~m vmlde le nhlve fm jek~ cmlmrh~h u}m ~m}~

efqmr~årkh~,

Je~ ceòndh' lhrfm~vkldh h} chkelh' u}m qelvecmj Jerke gmqe8

M l}j bhch fe ~mgmãîh ore~kgmkre8%

Eklfe ~m ah~~m fe ~mgmãîh ceònde' v}fh omj' qegmrke h prhqklnkelk~jh, M ~eom u}elvh~ ceòndh~

m~veqej mj nejph nhj e nejk~e fe ~mgmãîh8 Epmle~ }j% M omj h Vklce' phru}m evë h Mf}erfh

Nh~ve ë neverklml~m,

Lh a}lfh' lh a}lfh' m~~m vkph fm jelkam~veãîh rmqmge elvm~ }j nmrvh ~mlvkjmlvh fm

klamrkhrkfefm fh u}m fm h}vre nhk~e u}egu}mr,



3>

Phru}m ë klkjecklåqmg h Jerenelî crkver ‗ed' m} ~h} nerkhne‚ h} h Jhr}jok nelver ‗ed' m} ~h}

pe}gk~ve‚, M lîh ë phru}m nerkhne~ m pe}gk~ve~ ~mbej jmlh~ oekrrk~ve~' fkce*~m,

Ë phru}m vâj jek~ ~ml~h fh rkfên}gh m phru}m ~îh jmlh~ errhcelvm~' nhlqmlnkfh~ fm }je

~}pmrkhrkfefm u}m lîh ph~~}mj,

Ë nhjprmml~êqmg u}elfh h lhrfm~vklh' phr mtmjpgh' rmngeje' phru}m' ~mj f}qkfe' mgm ë qêvkje

fm }j prmnhlnmkvh kfkhve ndejefh ‗~}g jereqkgde‚' u}m ë nhlnmkvh j}kvh egëj fe cmhcreake,

^m h pevrkhvk~jh lîh ë lmnm~~erkejmlvm h~ rmaòckh~ fh~ nelegde~' nhjh egc}ëj bå mtecmrh} ehfmaklk*gh' h oekrrk~jh ë }je p}mrkg jelkam~veãîh fm u}mj ~m b}gce ~}pmrkhr ~kjpgm~jmlvm phr vmr

le~nkfh eu}k h} enhgå' egch u}m lîh rm~k~vm e lmld}je elågk~m,

Oe~ve fkmr u}m h jekhr bhcefhr ceòndh fm vhfh~ h~ vmjph~ ë neverklml~m m h jekhr nreu}m

pe}gk~ve fe dk~vþrke ë jklmkrh, ]j ë ghkrh m h h}vrh ë lmcrh, ]j ~m ndeje Pe}gh _homrvh Aegnîh

m h h}vrh Mf~hl Erelvm~ fh Le~nkjmlvh' h Pmgë,

M ejoh~ ~m hrc}gdej' j}kvh' fm ~mr ore~kgmkrh~, M oe~ve,

> G}ge' h nervhge

À~ që~pmre~ fe e~~klev}re fe~ f}e~ prkjmkre~ gmk~ fh chqmrlh G}ge $h M~vev}vh fh Vhrnmfhr m e

ndejefe Gmk fe Jhregkeãîh fh A}vmohg+ rmnmok }j vmgmahlmje fh ndmam fm ceoklmvm fe

Prm~kfâlnke fe _mpòogkne' Ckgomrvh Nerqegdh,

Mgm u}mrke ~eomr ~m m} krke à nmrkjölke' lh Pegånkh fh Pgelegvh, _m~phlfk u}m lîh, M h}qk fmgm

u}m h prm~kfmlvm aknerke amgk ~m m} ah~~m, A}k,

^}rprm~h' h}qk h prm~kfmlvm' le eomrv}re fm ~m} fk~n}r~h' fkmr vmtv}egjmlvm2 ‗L}lne jek~ u}mrh

h}qkr h B}ne Iah}rk fkmr u}m lh Ore~kg h vhrnmfhr ë vrevefh nhjh cefh,‚ M' lh amndh' h h}qk

fkmr' lîh jm rmnhrfh mtevejmlvm fe~ pegeqre~' u}m e jklde prm~mlãe egk ~kclkakneqe }j

fm~ecreqh e vhfh~ h~ bhrlegk~ve~ u}m ahrej ‗pmr~mc}kfh~ m prhnm~~efh~‚ phr g}ver phr }j

m~phrvm gkjph lh Ore~kg,



36

Mre }j G}ge egmcrm' gmqm m ~hgvh, M~våqejh~ mj jekh fm ?00> m' efjkvh' klcml}ejmlvm' qhgvmk

pere ̂ îh Pe}gh amgk fe qkfe,

Ph}nh~ elh~ fmphk~' ph}ne nhk~e j}fh}, H~ vhrnmfhrm~ nhlvkl}ej e ~mr vrevefh~ nhjh cefh m h

lh~~h m~phrvm ë vîh ~}bh nhjh mlvîh, Je~' ~mj fòqkfe' }je j}felãe dh}qm m ahk refkneg'

m~vrkfmlvm' negejkvh~e' m~nelfegh~e' or}veg2 G}ge qkrh} nervhge fm a}vmohg,

]j G}ge relnhrh~h m nhj e jå nhl~nkâlnke fm u}mj' mlakj' jmrc}gdh} ~m} chqmrlh le qege

nhj}j fh~ u}m h elvmnmfmrej,

E phlvh fm klhnmlver h~ nervhge~ fe NOA m fh~ ng}om~ m eakrjer u}m e n}gpe fh m~vefh fm nhk~e~

mj lh~~h a}vmohg ë lh~~e' fm vhfh~,

U}m mgm lîh u}mkre e~~}jkr rm~phl~eokgkfefm~ u}m ~îh fmgm ë nhjprmml~êqmg phru}m' eakleg'

l}lne ~h}om fm lefe' l}lne qk} lefe' l}lne am lefe, Je~ fkqkfkr n}gpe~ u}m vâj mlfmrmãh

nmrvh nhj u}mj lefe vmj e qmr nhj k~~h ë fmjek~,

Le nmrkjölke fm e~~klev}re fe Vkjmjelke' mlvrm h}vre~ përhge~' G}ge pmrc}lvh} m rm~phlfm}2

‗Nhjh ë u}m e M~pelde ndmch} eh u}m ndmch}8 Nhjh ë u}m e Kvågke ndmch} ehlfm ndmch}8

Fkmr2 ‗Je~' lh Ore~kg' ë phru}m h~ fkrkcmlvm~ lîh ~îh dhlm~vh~‚' ë e nhk~e jek~ ~kjpgm~' ë qhnâ

bhcer e pmnde fm fm~hlm~vh mj nkje fm egc}ëj, E Kvågke' u}m ë m~~m jhl~vrh ~ecrefh fh a}vmohg'

u}m bå m~vå u}e~m pmrvh fh Ore~kg le nhlu}k~ve fm Nhpe~ fh J}lfh' vhfh fke e cmlvm vmj }je

fmlòlnke lh bhrleg' mlvrmvelvh' h a}vmohg lîh pmrfm h prhak~~khlegk~jh,‚ Phk~ ë' prm~kfmlvm,

Le Kvågke' vkjm nek phr ne}~e fe fm~hlm~vkfefm, Le M~pelde' nervhge ë prm~h pmgh jm~jh jhvkqh,

Eu}k' ~m} fk~n}r~h m~vå ~mlfh epge}fkfh fm pë phr Mfj}lfh ^elvh~ ^kgqe' mt*nervhge kjp}lm fh

Agejmlch' eu}mgm u}m rmnhldmnm} le NPK fh A}vmohg u}m lîh mre }j ‗nrkjklh~h nhj}j‚,

M Egomrvh F}egko' h prm~kfmlvm fh ~m} Nhrklvdkel~' ~þ lîh m~vmqm fm nhrph prm~mlvm pere

vejoëj epge}fk*gh phru}m lmchnke mj Ghlfrm~ nhj e jåake r}~~e pere vremr jek~ fkldmkrh m

nhorkr h~ rhjoh~ fm ~}e felh~e cm~vîh,



3=

Ahk pere m~~e cmlvm u}m m~vå nrkefe e Vkjmjelke' ~mj lmld}je nhlvrepervkfe u}m mtkbe

j}felãe m~vr}v}reg lh jhfmgh fm cm~vîh h} le rm~phl~eokgkeãîh klfkqkf}eg fh~ nervhge~,

‗M} ~mk u}m vmj j}kve cmlvm u}m ae nrêvkne' vmj j}kve cmlvm u}m aege mj ng}om*mjprm~e nhj

}je aenkgkfefm' ë v}fh j}kvh aånkg le vmhrke‚' fk~n}r~h} G}ge' fkelvm fe nhlnhrfïlnke echre

mlv}~ke~jefe fm J}~veaå Nhlv}r~k' mjklâlnke perfe fh Ng}om fh~ 5> m rm~phl~åqmg pmgh

rmoektejmlvh fh ckcelvm Pegjmkre~ vmjph~ evrå~,

Je~' jek~ fh u}m k~~h2 nervhge u}m ~þ lîh nrkh} }je mjprm~e ~}e pere akner nhj h Pegjmkre~

phru}m e ‗Ahgde‚ fm~nhork} m fml}lnkh}, Jm} rerh gmkvhr2 aku}m qhnâ ~mj pecer ~m}~ kjph~vh~,

U}mj ~eom h chqmrlh lîh gdm fâ }je ghvmrke pere pecå*gh~8

6 H reoh fm neqegh m h lkldh fm revh

Celder h} pmrfmr ae pervm fh m~phrvm m fh~ ndeqým~ fe qkfe, U}e~m rmf}lfïlnke, ^mj

mf}neãîh' ~eòfm m phgêvkne m~phrvkqe' celder ë ~klölkjh fm ~}rprm~e l}j peê~ nhjh h Ore~kg'

ahre e~ mtnmãým~ fm pretm,

Pmrfmr ë e rmcre m' e rkchr' lîh vmj jekhr kjphrvïlnke ~m dh}qm~~m pmgh jmlh~ }j m~ahrãh lh

~mlvkfh fm pml~er h m~phrvm nhjh aevhr fm ~eòfm pòogkne $nefe fþger klqm~vkfh lh m~phrvm

mnhlhjke vrâ~ le ~eòfm pòogkne' ~mc}lfh e Hrcelkeãîh J}lfkeg fe ^eòfm+ m fm klng}~îh

~hnkeg,

Je~ u}eg% Qmrfefm u}m l}lne elvm~ lm~vm peê~ ~m klqm~vk} velvh mj m~phrvm' je~ ~þ lh fm egvhrmlfkjmlvh, U}e~m _& 5'? okgdîh lh ògvkjh nkngh hgêjpknh' creãe~ e gmk~ nhjh e Gmk Pkqe m e gmk

fm klnmlvkqh eh m~phrvm' egëj fh~ fkqmr~h~ nhlqâlkh~ nhj mjprm~e~ m~vevek~ fh vkph Oelnh fh

Ore~kg' Nhrrmkh~' Nekte Mnhlöjkne Amfmreg mvn, Fkqkfkfh phr 5= jmfegde~' h jm~jh lòjmrh

celdh mj Evgelve' 5? elh~ evrå~' nefe jmfegde n}~vh} nmrne fm _& 3; jkgdým~' pere lmj aeger

u}m e~ vrâ~ fm h}rh ahrej jmlh~ u}m e~ nklnh fm Evmle~,

Phru}m k~~h' fm aevh' ë h fm jmlh~, Akner evrå~ lh u}efrh fm jmfegde~ fm peê~m~ eklfe pkhrm~

nhjh Bejekne' U}âlke h} Mvkþpke ë vîh nkrn}l~velnkeg nhjh akner efkelvm fe Lhqe Rmgïlfke' fe

^}ënke h} fh Ndkgm,



31

Phru}m h Ore~kg lîh ë pkhr u}m h vrkh u}m h ~}pmrh} lmj j}kvh jmlh~ jmgdhr fh u}m h u}m

aknh} evrå~' ~kjpgm~jmlvm phru}m h~ prkjmkrh~ vejoëj vâj ~m}~ amlöjmlh~ m h~ ògvkjh~ vâj

h}vre~ prkhrkfefm~,

Vmrrêqmg jm~jh' egëj fm qmr h~ ~}nm~~kqh~ chqmrlh~ ore~kgmkrh~ nòjpgknm~ fh~ nervhge~' ë pmcer

}j nhjh h ~r, Nergh~ L}jel mj jmkh à~ jmlvkre~ pevëvkne~ u}m vmlvh} lh~ mlaker chmge eoekth

mj ~m} oegelãh pþ~*Pmu}kj' u}elfh u}k~ prhqer u}m h fm~mjpmldh ore~kgmkrh nrm~nm},

^þ ~m ahr nhjh h nrm~nkjmlvh fm reoh fm neqegh, V}fh' ë ngerh' pere pmfkr eklfe jek~ rmn}r~h~ m

pere klnrmjmlver e nejpelde pmgh~ Bhch~ Hgêjpknh~ lh Ore~kg' mj ?051' nhj e el}âlnke'vejoëj' fh fhjefh _mk Pmgë,

Nmrvh m~vå h bhrlegk~ve Amrlelfh Qknvhrklh' fe ‗M^PL Ore~kg‚' u}m kl~pkrefh lh Lkldh fm

På~~erh' fm Pmu}kj' prhpö~ }j Lkldh fm _evh pere h _kh fm Belmkrh' pere u}m lh~~h~ nervhge~

lîh ~m ~klvej fm~ghnefh~' pmktm~ ahre f‛åc}e, Phru}m ndmce e ~mr enklvh~h' }j fmohndm jm~jh'

u}m L}jel' fm~fm 5;;= le prm~kfâlnke fh Nhjkvâ Hgêjpknh Ore~kgmkrh' lh~ kjpklbe fk~n}r~h

vîh fm~u}egkaknefh' klnepe fm o}~ner ~hg}ãým~' phru}m e~ ~hg}ãým~ u}m o}~ne ~m gkjkvej à~ u}mevmlfej eh ~m} omj*m~ver' jhrfhjke~ m prkqkgëckh~,

Pepecekh fm pkreve mj nefe jmfegde nhlu}k~vefe' L}jel ahk ~}jklfh fke epþ~ fke mj u}m h~

rm~}gvefh~ phr ~hrvm h} phr eer lîh qkldej' phru}m h ene~h lîh ë egkefh fh~ klnhjpmvmlvm~'

pere fkmr h jêlkjh, Nhjh h fkclê~~kjh jklk~vrh fh M~phrvm' Hrgelfh ^kgqe Br,' u}m ~}jk}'

u}eg }j eqm~vr} h} nhjh e qere fm Aeokele J}rmr' mjohre vmlde }j fk~n}r~h u}e~m

kjpmnåqmg' e gëc}e~ fm fk~vïlnke fe pråvkne' jek~ pere Befmg Crmcþrkh fh u}m pere Je}rrmlJecck, M lîh ë u}m fmphk~ fm vmr vmlvefh qmver e kfe fe p~knþghce fh qögmk amjklklh' L}jel

u}mr echre u}m nefe fmgmceãîh gmqm }je8 Je~ lmj Arm}f mtpgkne m~vm peê~ fe repekefe

nelson rodrigues e juca kfouri:dois estilos na crônica esportiva brasileira

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