gestão do conhecimento e capital intelectual

7/23/2019 Gesto do Conhecimento e Capital Intelectual

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Om{pb `b Kbafmknjmapb m Khynphc Napmcmkp}hc


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Na{pnp}nb Ktm`maknh`h ymcb JMKYbtphtnh 0!;6="9=

]an{ * JOKmaptb ]anwmt{nptnb `b [}c `m Jnah{]an`h`m `m Om{pb `m Y{*oth`}hb OMY[

Hw! Kmc! Eb{ Hcwm{# 4=7 * Wnch YnapbWhtonafh * JO * ;?989*=09

Jhapn`h ymch

G}a`hb `m Ma{nab m Ym{x}n{h `b [}c `m Jnah{GMYM[JNO

Whtonafh"JO

Pb`b{ b{ `ntmnpb{ `m{ph m`nb tm{mtwh`b{ hb ]an{*JO! ytbndn`h h `}ycnkhb b} tmytb`}b `m{pm wbc}jm# b} yhtpm `b jm{jb# {bd

x}hcx}mt jmnb# {mj h}pbtnuhb mvytm{{h `b ]an{*JO!


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OBJM[# Kmc{b H}o}{pb `b{ [hapb{!

O}nh `m M{p}`bOm{pb `b Kbafmknjmapb m Khynphc napmcmkp}hc Kmc{b H}o}{pb `b{ [hapb{ Objm{! Whtonafh5

OMY[*]AN["JO# 4989!

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8!Kbafmknjmapb! 4! Om{pb! ;! ]anwmt{n`h`mkbtybthpnwh! 0! Yma{hjmapb Kbjycmvb! N! Pp}cb!


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Tmnpbt

Ytbg!J{! [pmghab Dhtth Ohuubch

Om{pb `m Y{*oth`}hbYtbg!J{! O}hthk~ [ncwh &OMYB[.

@m{noa Na{pt}knbahc m @nhothjhb

Ytbg! Kmc{b H}o}{pb `b{ [hapb{ Objm{Tbotnb Jhtpna{ [bhtm{

Kbbbt`! `b Akcmb Ym`hoonkb

Ytbg!J{! Pmtmunafh A}am{ Objm{ Ohtknh

Ytbg! @t! Ocmnknbam Hyhtmkn`h @nh{ Dhoam `m [b}uh

H}pbt

Kmc{b H}o}{pb `b{ [hapb{ Objm{

Jm{ptha`b mj Pmkabcbonh{ `h Napmcnoaknh m @m{noa @nonphc ymch Y]K*[Y {bdh tmh `m kbakmapthb * Ytbkm{{b{ Kboanpnwb{ m Hjdnmapm{ @nonphn{! y{*oth`}h`b mj @bkaknh ah M`}khb h @n{paknh ymcb ]AN[*JO# mjY{nkbym`hobonh Na{pnp}knbahc ymch ]KD# mj @m{noamt Na{pt}knbahc yhth h Mh@Wntp}hc ymch ]anwmt{n`h`m Gm`mthc `m Nphe}d m mj Pmkabcbonh ah M`}khb ah@n{paknh ymcb ]AN[*JO! Pmj oth`}hb mj J{nkh &cnkmaknhp}th ycmah.ymch ]anwmt{n`h`m Whcm `b Tnb Wmt`m &4990. m oth`}hb mj J{nkh&Dhkfhtmch`b. ymcb ]anGNHJ GHHJ * [Y &499;.! Hp}hcjmapm `m{noamtm`}khknbahc m ytbgm{{bt `m pmkabcbonh ah m`}khb m `m{noa `m jhpmtnhn{ yhthm`}khb ah{ m{ymknhcnuhm{ `b Kmaptb ]anwmt{nptnb `b [}c `m Jnah{! Pmjmvymtnaknh ah tmh `m m`}khb# kbj agh{m mj m`}khb pmkabconkh m

bacnam! K}ttk}cb Chppm{5 fppy5""chppm{!kayx!dt"6?606;=764>>0=46 Dcbo5!kmc{bobjm{!kbj!dt

Hk
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KBAM[TMHCNUM! @mpmtjnah h mvn{paknh `m hpnwn`h`m h {mt tmhcnuh`h!M{pm kbam na`nkh x}m f }j mvmtkknb# }jh phtmgh b} }jh ytpnkh

yhth {mt tmhcnuh`h! Gnx}m hpmapb h mcm!

YM[X]N[M! Na`nkh h mvnoaknh `m ym{x}n{h h {mt tmhcnuh`h ahd}{kh ybt jhn{ nagbtjhb!

YMA[M! Na`nkh x}m wbk `mwm tmgcmpnt {bdtm b h{{}apb hdbt`h`byhth tm{yba`mt h }j x}m{pnbahjmapb!

KBAKC][B! Pb`h{ h{ kbakc}{m{# {mehj `m n`mnh{# yhtpm{ b}}an`h`m{ `b k}t{b wntb ytmkm`n`h{ `m{{m kbam!

NJYBTPHAPM! Hybaph }jh bd{mtwhb {noangnkhpnwh! Yb`m {mtmakhth`b kbjb }j {nahc `m hcmtph x}m b btnmaph yhth ytm{phthpmab nagbtjhb na`nkh`h!

FNYMTCNAL! Na`nkh }j cnal &cnohb.# {meh mcm yhth b}pthyonah `b j`}cb njytm{{b b} ma`mtmb `m Napmtamp!

MVMJYCB! M{{m kbam {mt }{h`b {mjytm x}m fb}wmtamkm{{n`h`m `m mvmjycngnkht }jkh{b# }jh {np}hb b} kbakmnpbx}m m{p {ma`b `m{ktnpb b} m{p}`h`b!

[]OM[PB @M CMNP]TH! Na`nkh pmvpb{ `m tmgmtaknh}pncnuh`b{ ab k}t{b m phjdj ghu {}om{pm{ yhth cmnp}thkbjycmjmapht!

HYCNKHB YTBGN[[NBAHC! Na`nkh }jh hycnkhb ytpnkh`m }{b ytbgn{{nbahc cnoh`h hb x}m m{p {ma`b m{p}`h`b!

KFMKLCN[P b} YTBKM@NJMAPB! Na`nkh }j kbae}apb `mhm{ yhth gna{ `m wmtngnkhb `m }jh tbpnah b} }j ytbkm`njmapb&yh{{b h yh{{b. yhth h tmhcnuhb `m }jh phtmgh!

[HNDH JHN[! Hytm{maphnagbtjhm{ h`nknbahn{ {bdtm b pmjhhdbt`h`b `m gbtjh h yb{{ndncnpht h bdpmab `m abwh{nagbtjhm{ hb x}m e gbn tmgmtmaknh`b!

TMWMA@B! Na`nkh h amkm{{n`h`m `m tmwmt kbakmnpb{ m{p}`h`b{

hapmtnbtjmapm!

Kbakc}{b


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Ychamehjmapb M{pthponkb Btohanuhknbahc m {}h{ njycnkhm{ ah M{pthponh `m

Khyhknphb m @m{mawbcwnjmapb `m ym{{bh{! Gbtjhb `b khynphc f}jhab m b

khynphc napmcmkp}hc! Amkm{{n`h`m mjytm{htnhc m amkm{{n`h`m{ ym{{bhn{5 h{ Gbapm{ m

b{ Jpb`b{ `m N`mapngnkhb `h{ amkm{{n`h`m{ `m Ptmnahjmapb m

@m{mawbcwnjmapb{! Ptmnahjmapb m X}hcn`h`m! Pkankh{ `m Hytma`nuhomj!

Gbtj}chb `m Bdempnwb{ Na{pt}knbahn{! Ytbothjhb m Mvmk}b `b Ptmnahjmapb!

B{ Tmk}t{b{! B ptmnahjmapb `n{paknh! Hwhcnhm{ `h{ hpnwn`h`m{ `m P'@!

Om{pb `b Kbafmknjmapb! ]anwmt{n`h`m Kbtybthpnwh!


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[}jtnb

Hytm{maphb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6

8! Kbapmvp}hcnuha`b h Om{pb `b Kbafmknjmapb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!>

8!8! M{phjb{ a{ ah y{*jb`mtan`h`m2 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 898!4! Jh{ b x}m kbafmknjmapb2 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 848!;! Hco}a{ yhth`nojh{ mkbajnkb{ m btohanuhknbahn{ mjmtomapm{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8=

4! Ychamehjmapb M{pthponkb Btohanuhknbahc m {}h{ njycnkhm{ ahM{pthponh `m Khyhknphb m @m{mawbcwnjmapb m ym{{bh{! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8>

4!8! Ychameht mj gbtjh `m ytbempb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 444!4! Ychameht mj gbtjh m m{pthponh !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4;4!;! Ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4=4!0! H{ ym{{bh{ m b ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;9

;! Gbtjhb b khynphc f}jhab m b khynphc napmcmkp}hc !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;4

;!8! Khynphc f}jhab !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;;;!4! Khynphc napmcmkp}hc !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;0;!;! Amkm{{n`h`m mjytm{htnhc m amkm{{n`h`m{ ym{{bhn{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;?;!0! B yma{hjmapb kbjycmvb ah{ btohanuhm{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;6;!0!8! B bymth`bt `nhconkb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;>;!0!4! B bymth`bt tmk}t{nwb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 08;!0!;! B bymth`bt fbcbothjpnkb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0;;!=! Gbapm{ m b{ Jpb`b{ `m N`mapngnkhb `h{ Amkm{{n`h`m{ `mHytma`nuhomj m @m{mawbcwnjmapb{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0?

0! Khyhknphb# hymtgmnbhjmapb m x}hcn`h`m !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! =9

0!8! Pkankh{ m m{pthponh{ `m hytma`nuhomj !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! =80!4! B{ tmk}t{b{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! =;0!;! Bdempnwb{ `m hytma`nuhomj !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! =00!0! @m{mawbcwnjmapb m kbjympaknh{ ah{ btohanuhm{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! =?

=! kkhyhknphb m hymtgmnbhjmapb `n{paknh! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! =>

=!8! HWH{ m {}h{ gmtthjmaph{!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 78=!8!8! Gmtthjmaph{ m nagbtjhb m `bk}jmaphb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 74

=!8!4! Gmtthjmaph{ `m kbj}ankhb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 74=!8!;! Gmtthjmaph{ m omtmaknhjmapb ym`hoonkb m h`jnan{pthpnwb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7;=!8!0! Gmtthjmaph{ `m ytb`}b !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7;

7! ]anwmt{n`h`m Kbtybthpnwh !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7?

7!8! @ngmtmah{ h{ }anwmt{n`h`m{ kbtybthpnwh{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7>7!4! Tm{{noangnkha`b h{ hpnwn`h`m{ m P'@ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ?47!;! Pthdhcfh`btm{ hytma`mapm{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ?7

Kba{n`mthm{ gnahn{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 69

Tmgmtaknh{ dndcnbotgnkh{ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 64


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8!Hytm{maphb

Khtb&h. cmnpbt&h.#

M{pm }j jhpmtnhc x}m gbn kbakmdn`b ab {mapn`b `m ytbwbkht tmgcmvm{

{bdtm h }pncnuhb `h om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb ah{ btohanuhm{! H{{nj# hcjmehjb{

`mdhpmt h njybtpaknh `m {m pthdhcfht {bd h ymt{ymkpnwh `h mth `b kbafmknjmapb

mj jmnb mjytm{htnhc!

Pthdhcfhtmjb{ h Om{pb `b Kbafmknjmapb m Khynphc Napmcmkp}hc mj

tmgcmvm{ ybt {bdtm b ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb# ah gbtjhb# hymtgmnbhjmapb `m

khynphc f}jhab m napmcmkp}hc gtmapm h kbakmnpb{ `m x}hcn`h`m!

Phjdj cmwhaphtmjb{ tmgcmvm{ ybt {bdtm gmtthjmaph{ yhth h om{pb `b

kbafmknjmapb h `n{paknh m ytm{maknhcjmapm m x}m ab{ tmjmph hb kbakmnpb `m

]anwmt{n`h`m Kbtybthpnwh! Am{{h ymt{ymkpnwh# napmaphtmjb{ phjdj# mj

tm{nangnkht hpnwn`h`m{ `m P'@!

@m{{h gbtjh m{pm pthdhcfb {m makbapth j}npb cbaom `m {m x}mt pmapht

m{obpht b h{{}apb Om{pb `b Kbafmknjmapb m Khynphc Napmcmkp}hc# ybn{ b x}m {m

hcjmeh kbj h cmnp}th `m{pm jhpmtnhc pb {bjmapm h ytb`}b `m }jh

ymx}mah kmapmcfh yhth }jh kbapa}h tmgcmvb `m{{m h{{}apb gh{knahapm m kh`h

wmu jhn{ kt}knhc ab j}a`b btohanuhknbahc!

Mapb cfm `m{meb }jh dbh cmnp}th m hknjh `m p}`b# dbh{ tmgcmvm{(

Kmc{b Objm{


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8!Kbapmvp}hcnuha`b h Om{pb `b

Kbafmknjmapb

JMPH @M[PH ]AN@H@M

Nanknht h tmgcmvb# ybt {bdtm h om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb `m gbtjh kbapmvp}hcnuh`h

kbj b {}tonjmapb `m }jh abwh k}cp}th# }jh abwh btohanuhb {bknhc ab {mapn`b

`b kbjyhtpncfhjmapb `m kbafmknjmapb{ yhth h omthb `m nabwhm{! Nabwhm{

x}m {m jb{pthj njybtphapm{ yhth x}m h btohanuhb {bdtmwnwh mj }jh tmhcn`h`m

hcphjmapm kbjympnpnwh m j}pwmc!

BDEMPNWB[ @M[PH ]AN@H@M

M{ymthjb{ x}m# hy{ b m{p}`b `m{ph }an`h`m# wbk {meh khyhu `m5

8! Mapma`mt h om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb `m gbtjh kbapmvp}hcnuh`h kbj h

tmhcn`h`m `mabjnah`h ybt mth `b kbafmknjmapb m {m}{ yhth`nojh{

mkbajnkb{ m btohanuhknbahn{ mjmtomapm{!

4! Kbjytmma`mt b x}m nabwhb ah{ btohanuhm{ `m gbtjh kbapmvp}hcnuh`h

hb kbjyhtpncfhjmapb `m kbafmknjmapb{ ah hp}hcn`h`m!

Kbapmvp}hcnuha`b h Om{pb `b

Kbafmknjmapb


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Yhth jmcfbt `mgnantjb{ b x}m Om{pb `b Kbafmknjmapb x}m phc

kbapmvp}hcnuhtjb{ h tmhcn`h`m ba`m {m `m{mawbcwm m{{m pnyb `m om{pb2 Mapb

whjb{ c(

Kmtphjmapm wbk e `mwm pmt b}wn`b x}m m{phjb{ wnwma`b h y{*

jb`mtan`h`m# jh{ wbk e yhtb} yhth yma{ht b jbpnwb `m

`mabjnahtjb{ h hp}hcn`h`m mj x}m wnwmjb{ `m{{h gbtjh2

Kbjb ab{ `nu On``ma{ &y!88# 8>>8.# m{phjb{ a{ yhth hcj `h

jb`mtan`h`m# b} {meh# yhth h y{*jb`mtan`h`m b} y{*jb`mtan{jb b} hna`h

yhth h {bknm`h`m y{*na`}{ptnhc! Jh{ kmtphjmapm wbk e `mwm pmt {m `myhth`bphjdj kbj b}pth{ `mabjnahm{# phn{ kbjb5 mth `h ocbdhcnuhb# mth `h

nagbtjhpnuhb# {bknm`h`m y{*khynphcn{ph# {bknm`h`m `h nagbtjhb# {bknm`h`m

nagbtjhpnuh`h# {bknm`h`m `h kbchdbthb# {bknm`h`m `b kbafmknjmapb `maptm

b}pth{!

8!8! M{phjb{ a{ ah y{*jb`mtan`h`m2

Am{{h kf}wh `m `mabjnahm{ yb`m*{m mapma`mt# kbap}`b# x}m tmhcjmapm

m{phjb{ wnwma`b }jh t}yp}th kbj }jh tmhcn`h`m x}m ab{ hapmkm`m}# b} {meh#

yb`mjb{ `numt x}m kmtphjmapm bkbttm} }jh j}`hah!

]jh wn{b napmtm{{hapm `h ybkh x}m m{phjb{ wnwma`b h `m C~bpht`

&8>6=.# mcm kbcbkh x}m h y{*jb`mtan`h`m khthkpmtnuh`h ybt }jh mwhybthb `h

otha` ahtthpnwm * b /matm`b/ `bjnahapm ybt jmnb `b x}hc {bjb{ kbjb {mtm{ pma`b

}j yh{{h`b `mgnanpnwb m }j g}p}tb ytm`nuwmc!

M{phjb{ h{{nj mj }j j}a`b ba`m h j}`hah h ankh kbn{h x}m yhtmkm

ymtjhamapm# ba`m h nagbtjhb {m jb{pth kbjb hcob njma{}twmc m x}m m{p

ktm{kma`b h kh`h `nh! @m{{h gbtjh yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m }jh njybtphapm

khthkpmt{pnkh `h y{*jb`mtan`h`m ah wmt`h`m h kbawnwaknh kbj h yc}thcn`h`m m

fmpmtbomamn`h`m `b kbafmknjmapb! Wnwmaknh*{m }jh m{yknm `m `m{btnmaphb x}m

{m mvytm{{h ah {ma{hb `m natknh gtmapm wmcbkn`h`m mj x}m h{ kbn{h{ {m

ptha{gbtjhj! Kba{mx}mapmjmapm kbjb m{{h{ kbn{h{ {b mapma`n`h{ m kbaptbch`h{#


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yb`mjb{ ab{ hpmt h x}m On``ma{&8>>8. kba{n`mth kbjb }jh th`nkhcnuhb m

}anwmt{hcnuhb `h jb`mtan`h`m!

]j na`knb `m{{h{ j}`hah{ x}m {m jb{pthj namtmapm{ ah th`nkhcnuhb m

}anwmt{hcnuhb `h jb`mtan`h`m yb`m {mt wn{pb ab mvmjycb h {mo}nt5

Wbk {m cmjdth `h ybkh mj x}m yhth }j ytbgn{{nbahc pmt dbh{

kfhakm{ ab jmtkh`b# m{{m pmtnh x}m bdtnohpbtnhjmapm# hcj `m {}h

gbtjhb d{nkh# pmt `hpncbothgnh2 M fbem# }j ytbgn{{nbahc x}m {m

kbapmapm kbj {}h gbtjhb nanknhc m `hpncbothgnh pmj wmu ab

jmtkh`b `m pthdhcfb kbjb bkbttnh f pmjyb{ hpt{2

Dbj# wmjb{ x}m ab# ybn{ m{phjb{ mj }jh tmhcn`h`m mj x}m ab f jhn{m{yhb yhth }j ytbgn{{nbahc m{ppnkb# b} {meh# b jmtkh`b d}{kh ytbgn{{nbahn{ x}m

{m `b dmj kbj h{ j}`hah{! M h{{nj whcm tmympnt5 J}`hah{ x}m {m jb{pthj

namtmapm{ ah th`nkhcnuhb m }anwmt{hcnuhb `h jb`mtan`h`m

B}h kbjb Jhtna{ &4996. kbcbkh ab yb`kh{p * $Wbk {mtnh

tmkbapthph`b mj {m} mjytmob2$ * tmgcnph ybtx}m h khyhkn`h`m `m

hytma`mt m b `nahjn{jb m{pb mj ytnjmntb c}oht x}ha`b h{

mjytm{h{ d}{khj ytbgn{{nbahn{ ab jmtkh`b `m pthdhcfb!fppy5""!ytbgjhtna{yb`!kbj!dt"yb`kh{p{"yjR66RwbkmR{mtnhRtmkbapthph`bRmjR{m}Rm

jytmob!jy;

H{{nj# am{{h{ j}`hah{# wmjb{ x}m {b j}npb{ b{ {nahn{ `m x}m b

kbafmknjmapb# mj {}h{ wtnh{ gbtjh{# {m pbtab} `mpmtjnahapm yhth b hp}ht

ytbgn{{nbahc `maptb `h{ btohanuhm{! M{phjb{ kh`h wmu jhn{ pthdhcfha`b kbj

{jdbcb{ m kbj kbafmknjmapb kbjb ab{ `nu Pmtth5

Wnwmjb{# h{{nj# }j jbjmapb `m njybtphapm ptha{nb `b hjdnmapmmkbajnkb# mj x}m h om{pb yt*hpnwh `b kbafmknjmapb h`x}ntm }jyhymc kmapthc! N{{b# maptmphapb# amj {mjytm gbn h{{nj# ybn{# ab yh{{h`b#whaphoma{ `m cbkhcnuhb# h{{nj kbjb b hkm{{b jb*`m*bdth dhthph#hb{ tmk}t{b{ ahp}thn{ m hb khynphc gnahakmntb pnafhj yhyn{ j}npb jhn{`mpmtjnahapm{!&4998# y! 8>.

J}nph{ wmum{ ab{ `myhthjb{# mj ab{{h wn`h ytbgn{{nbahc m mj ab{{b{

m{p}`b{# kbj pmtjb{ kbjb b kbafmknjmapb# kbjympaknh# hytma`nuhomj#

fhdncn`h`m# ktnhpnwn`h`m# khynphc napmcmkp}hc# khynphc f}jhab# pmkabcbonh#

khyhkn`h`m nabwh`bth# hpnwb{ naphaowmn{# m napmcnoaknh mjytm{htnhc!
http://www.profmarinspod.com.br/podcasts/pm_88_voce_seria_recontratado_em_seu_emprego.mp3http://www.profmarinspod.com.br/podcasts/pm_88_voce_seria_recontratado_em_seu_emprego.mp3http://www.profmarinspod.com.br/podcasts/pm_88_voce_seria_recontratado_em_seu_emprego.mp3http://www.profmarinspod.com.br/podcasts/pm_88_voce_seria_recontratado_em_seu_emprego.mp3http://www.profmarinspod.com.br/podcasts/pm_88_voce_seria_recontratado_em_seu_emprego.mp3


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H{{nj# whcm h ymah ymto}apht5 Yb`mjb{# kbap}`b# kbttmchknbaht

pb`b{ m{{m{ pmtjb{ hb x}m {m mapma`m ybt Om{pb `b

Kbafmknjmapb2

Yhth x}m wbk yb{{h kba{pt}nt {}h tm{yb{ph h m{ph x}m{pb x}m phc

tmgcmpntjb{ }j yb}kb jhn{2

B{ `m{hgnb{ m h kbjycmvn`h`m `m{{h kfhjh`h y{*jb`mtan`h`m {m

jb{pthj ytnaknyhcjmapm ymch{ gt}{pth`h{ mvymtnaknh{ mj x}hapngnkht b} jma{}tht

b x}m mapma`mjb{ ybt kbafmknjmapb! Wbk e pmapb} x}hapngnkht {m}{

kbafmknjmapb{2

Ybn{ # {m njyb{{wmc x}hapngnkht b{ kbafmknjmapb{ `m }jh { ym{{bh#

njhonam `m }j ot}yb `m ym{{bh{ x}m kbjym }jh btohanuhb! Ybn{ kbjb {m

tmgmtm Pmtth &4998# y! 49.# hb kbapttnb `b{ m{pbx}m{ gnahakmntb{# `m tmk}t{b{

ahp}thn{ b} jm{jb `m jb*`m*bdth ab*x}hcngnkh`h# b whcbt mkbajnkb `b tmk}t{b

kbafmknjmapb kmtphjmapm ab kbjytmma`n`b# kch{{ngnkh`b m x}hapngnkh`b pb

ghkncjmapm!

8!4! Jh{ b x}m kbafmknjmapb2

Kbjb yb`mjb{ `mgnant hcob naphaowmc m nawn{wmc2 Kbap}`b# f `m

{m mapma`mt x}m b kbafmknjmapb ghkncjmapm tm}pncnuwmc m yh{{wmc

`m hytnjbthjmapb# kbjb yb`mjb{ bd{mtwht ah gno}th h {mo}nt!

Kbap}`b# b kbafmknjmapb phjdj yh{{wmc `m `mytmknhb# b} {meh#x}ha`b ab hycnkh`b! @m ghpb# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt# kbjb Pmtth &4998# y! 49.# x}m


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x}ha`b ab {m m{p h`x}ntna`b kbafmknjmapb# dmj ytbwwmc x}m {m m{pmeh

ymt`ma`b kbafmknjmapb! M{{m h}pbt ab{ kfhjh h hpmab x}m kba{mx}mapmjmapm#

b{ k}{pb{ `m ytb`}b `m kbafmknjmapb {m hytm{maphj `m gbtjh na`myma`mapm hb{

{m}{ k}{pb{ `m `n{ptnd}nb m }{b!

Wbk kmtphjmapm kbafmkm b} b}wn} ghcht `m mjytm{h{ `b

{mpbt `m {bgphtm{ m hycnkhpnwb{ bacnam kbjb h Jnktb{bgp#

NDJ# Hyycm# b Obbocm m b Ghkmdbbl! M{{h{ {b

btohanuhm{# x}m pmj }jh mcmwh`h tmaphdncn`h`m# dh{mh`h

mj kbafmknjmapb! M{{h{ btohanuhm{ pj ytb`}pb{ kbj

}j k}{pb `m `n{ptnd}nb {}ytmma`mapmjmapm dhnvb# ybn{ {b

ytb`}pb{ `m kmtph gbtjh naphaowmn{! B} {meh# }jh wmu

`m{mawbcwn`b b hycnkhpnwb b} ytbothjh# b k}{pb jhtonahc

}anptnb `m `n{ptnd}nb `m kh`h kynh h`nknbahc `m

kmaphwb{# ybn{ {m }{h h Napmtamp b} jm{jb }j {}ybtpm kbjb

}j K@ b} @W@ yhth `n{ptnd}nt!

E}apb hb{ mvmjycb{ hapmtnbtm{ pmjb{ b{ {mpbtm{ gbabotgnkb{# `m ytb`}b

`m gncjm{ m h na`{ptnh ghtjhk}pnkh! M{{h{ phjdj jb{pthj h ktm{kmapm

njybtpaknh m whcbtm{ x}m b{ kbapthpb{ `m cnkmaknhjmapb `m pmkabcbonh b} jhtkhkhthkpmtnuhj h mkbabjnh dh{mh`h ab tmk}t{b kbafmknjmapb!

B whcbt mcmwh`b `m hco}jh{ jhtkh{ hp}hcjmapm m{p `ha`b

tmpbtab{ {}d{phaknhn{ jm{jb {m `m{wnak}ch`h{ `m }j

ytb`}pb b} jmnb g{nkb m{ymkngnkb! Kbjb Pmtth &4998# y! 49.

`m{phkh ab kbapmvpb `m }jh `n{k}{{b {bdtm h mkbabjnh

dh{mh`h ab kbafmknjmapb# {b wtnb{ b{ mvmjycb{ `m

jhtkh{ ghjb{h{# kbjb Anlm# [pht _ht{# P}tjh `h Jankh#

Yhtjhchp# Htn{kb# Ahp}th m mpk!

H{{nj# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m jm{jb ab {mpbt `m jha}ghp}th yb`m*{m

bd{mtwht h njybtpaknh `b kbafmknjmapb gtmapm om{pb `b{ hpnwb{ g{nkb{! H{{nj#

f `m {m cmwht mj kbaph b `ngmtmaknhc kbjympnpnwb ab jmtkh`b makbapth`h{ mj

btohanuhm{ x}m `m{mawbcwmj {m}{ kbafmknjmapb{ hpthw{ `m5


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M{{h{ hpnwn`h`m{# pb ytm{mapm{ ab {mpbt `m jha}ghp}th# pj jb{pth`b x}m

j}nph{ mjytm{h{# jm{jb ytb`}una`b ytb`}pb{ phaowmn{# yb`mtnhj {mt

kch{{ngnkh`h{ kbjb mjytm{h{ x}m ytb`}umj kbafmknjmapb!

H{ otha`m{ mjytm{h{ `m tmgtnomthapm m `b {mpbt

ghtjhk}pnkb# ybt mvmjycb# ab gbkhj jhn{ {}h hpnwn`h`m

ah ghdtnkhb `m {m}{ ytb`}pb{! Hym{ht `m umcht ybt {}h

ytb`}b# bd{mtwh*{m x}m phn{ btohanuhm{ m{pb kh`h wmu

jhn{ ytmbk}yh`h{ kbj jhtlmpnao# kbj b yb{nknbahjmapb m

whcbt `m {}h{ jhtkh{!

H{{nj# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt `m kmtph gbtjh x}m b wmt`h`mntb ytb`}pb `m{{h{

mjytm{h{ pma`m h {mt b kbafmknjmapb! X}m phapb h{ chpnafh{ b} ohtthgh{ `m

tmgtnomthapm{# x}hapb b{ kbjytnjn`b{ m jm`nkhjmapb{# {m jb{pthj hp}hcjmapm

kbjb nawc}ktb{ yhth `b kbafmknjmapb `m{mawbcwn`b ybt phn{ btohanuhm{!

Y'@

`m{mafb `m ytbkm{{b

`m{mafb `m ytb`}pb

cbo{pnkh

jhtlmpnao

omtmaknhjmapb m {n{pmjh{


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8!;! Hco}a{ yhth`nojh{ mkbajnkb{ m btohanuhknbahn{

mjmtomapm{

Ah mth `b kbafmknjmapb m `h nagbtjhb wmjb{ x}m kbjb b ktm{knjmapb

`h khyhkn`h`m `m ytbkm{{hjmapb m `h napmtcnohb `m kbjy}ph`btm{ mj tm`m#

ytnaknyhcjmapm kbjb h napmtamp# wtnb{ yhth`nojh{ mkbajnkb{ m btohanuhknbahn{

m{phtnhj mjmtona`b! Am{{m {mapn`b# wtnb{ hto}jmapb{ {b hcn{ph`b{ `b{ x}hn{

yb`mjb{ `m{phkht# {mo}a`b Pmtth &4998# y! 4;.5

Am{{h abwh mth# b njybtphapm b x}m `m abwb `mwm {mt gmnpb m ab kbjb

ytb`}unt jhn{ m jmcfbt! B{ dma{ `m jhnbt whcbt {b hx}mcm{ naphaowmn{#

ybn{ b dnajnb $x}hcn`h`m"ytmob$ pbtah*{m jhn{ tmcmwhapm `b x}m bdnajnb $x}hapn`h`m"ytmb$! N{{b {m ` `mwn`b hb kbakmnpb `m

ytb`}pnwn`h`m x}m `mwmtnh j}`ht yhth pthpht `b {mo}napm yhth`bvb5 hym{ht

`b{ mabtjm{ hwhab{ pmkabconkb{ h ytb`}pnwn`h`m omthc `h mkbabjnh m#

yhtpnk}chtjmapm# `b {mpbt `m {mtwnb{# ab m{phtnh ktm{kma`b `m jhamnth

{}d{phaknhc!

B whcbt `h m{kh{{mu m `h hd}a`aknh ab b jm{jb `m b}ptb{ pmjyb{! Hb

kbapttnb `b kbakmnpb `m x}m x}hapb jhn{ m{kh{{b }j ytb`}pb# jhnbt b {m}whcbt# ah mkbabjnh dh{mh`h mj tm`m# x}hapb jhn{ hd}a`hapm }j ytb`}pb#

jhnbt b {m} whcbt! M{pm {mtnh b kh{b `m wtnb{ ytb`}pb{ `h nagbtjpnkh x}m

ktnhj whcbt yhth {}h{ mjytm{h{# jm{jb {ma`b `n{ptnd}`b{ othp}nphjmapm

kbjb {m w ab{ {mtwnb{ `b Obbocm kbjb b Obbocm @bk{!

Mjdbth nawmaph`b ah `kh`h `m 8>79# b ghv# hy{ mabtjm{

nawm{pnjmapb{ mj Y'@# m `m pmt tmytm{maph`b }j

{noangnkhpnwb hwhab `m kbj}ankhb# pmwm b {m} whcbt

ytvnjb `m umtb ybt j}npb{ hab{# e x}m b{ ytnjmntb{

}{}tnb{ ab pnafhj kbj x}mj {m kbj}ankht!

H cmn `b{ tmpbtab{ ktm{kmapm{ m{phtnh {}ychapha`b b kbakmnpb `m mkbabjnh

`m m{khch! Ab yh{{h`b# Fmat~ Gbt`# ybt kbaptbcht jpb`b{ jhn{ mgnknmapm{

`m ytb`}b# hpnaon} b {}km{{b ah wma`h `m h}pbjwmn{! Am{{m kbakmnpb `m

mkbabjnh mj m{khch# khttb{ jhn{ dhthpb{ njycnkhwhj jhnbtm{ wma`h{# x}myb{{ndncnphwhj jhnbtm{ nabwhm{ m kba{mx}mapmjmapm jmcfbtm{ jpb`b{


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`m ytb`}b# mjy}ttha`b h mjytm{h yhth b pbyb! Pmtth &4998# y! 40.

hto}jmaph x}m5

Max}hapb h cmn `b{ tmpbtab{ ktm{kmapm{ m `h mkbabjnh `m m{khch {mdh{mnhj mj knkcb{ yb{npnwb{ `m tmptbhcnjmaphb# h mkbabjnh `m m{khch

`mkbttaknh `m {m} gbtpm yb`mt `m tm`m# max}hapb h `b{ tmpbtab{# ab!@m{{h gbtjh yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m h mkbabjnh `m m{khch pmj {m}whcbt h}jmaph`b `m gbtjh cnamht# max}hapb ah cmn `b{ tmpbtab{ bktm{knjmapb mvybamaknhc! &Lmcc~# L! Am T}cm{ gbt pfm $AmMkbabj~$! _ntm`# {mpmjdtb# 8>>?# y! ?4.! Ab g}p}tb# khjn{h{ `mhcob`b# gth{kb{ `m wnphjnah# pm{b}th{ m pb`b{ b{ b}ptb{ bdempb{na`}{ptnhn{ `b j}a`b phjdj {mo}ntb h cmn `h ycmanp}`m# kbj b k}{pb`h ytb`}b `m }jh }an`h`m h`nknbahc khna`b max}hapb b whcbt `htm`m x}m b nawmaph# ghdtnkh m `n{ptnd}n h}jmaph! &N`mj# ndn`mj# y! ?9.

B {}km{{b `h{ mjytm{h{ {m jb{pth kh`h wmu jhn{ cnoh`b hb x}m {m kbafmkm

ybt tm`m `m h{{bknhm{ mjytm{htnhn{! Pmtth &4998# y! 40. kfhjh h hpmab

x}m5

&!!!. b kbakmnpb `m tmonm{ kbjympnpnwh{ `m{mawbcwn`b ybt Ybtpmt ab {m}kc{{nkb pthdhcfbH whaphomj kbjympnpnwh `h{ ahm{ m b `m napmothbpbphc kbj gbtamkm`btm{# `m{mawbcwn`b ymch Pb~bph m{pb {ma`bhjycnh`b{ jm`n`h x}m {}tomj tm`m{ wntp}hn{! M{ph{ m{phtnhjtmpntha`b b{ cnjnpm{ ahp}thn{# njyb{pb{ ymch `n{phaknh ombotgnkh# hbymtjnpnt x}m ym{{bh{ m mjytm{h{# mj `ngmtmapm{ yhtpm{ `b j}a`b#pthdhcfmj mj kbae}apb# mj pmjyb tmhc!

Kbj m{{m{ abwb{ yhth`nojh{ mkbajnkb{ yb`m*{m bd{mtwht x}m h{

mjytm{h{ pma`mj h pmt }j whcbt `m jmtkh`b x}m ab kba`nu kbj b

whcbt yhptnjbanhc! H{ btohanuhm{ pma`mj h whcmt j}npb jhn{ x}m

b {m} yhptnjanb mj wntp}`m `b whcbt `b{ hpnwb{ naphaowmn{ kbjb

yhpmapm{# jhtkh{ mpk!

Kbj pb`h{ m{{h{ kbcbkhm{ {bdtm h njybtpaknh `b kbafmknjmapb ab

mjytm{htnhc `m fbem mj `nh# yb`mjb{ ab{ x}m{pnbaht5

Kbjb }jh btohanuhb yb`m ybpmaknhcnuht {}h hp}hb omtha`b

tnx}muh# pma`b mj wn{h pb`b{ m{{m{ abwb{ yhth`nojh{ mkbajnkb{2

Yhth D]LB_NPU &4994# y! 8?.# h om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb b ytbkm{{b

ymcb x}hc h btohanuhb omth tnx}muh# h yhtpnt `b {m} kbafmknjmapb b} khynphcnapmcmkp}hc! Ybn{ yhth m{{m h}pbt# }jh btohanuhb ybpmaknhcnuh {}h hp}hb x}ha`b


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}pncnuh b kbafmknjmapb yhth ktnht ytbkm{{b{ jhn{ mgnknmapm{ m mgmpnwb{# kbjb {m

yb`m bd{mtwht ab{ npma{ h {mo}nt `m{phkh`b{5

Kbjb h tmmaomafhtnh pth`nknbahc# n{{b pmj njyhkpb ab{ tm{}cph`b{

gnahakmntb{ ybtx}m `njna}n b k}{pb# ytnaknyhcjmapm ymcb ghpb `m ab {mtamkm{{tnb tmnawmapht h tb`h!

B pmjyb `m knkcb `m ytb`}b tm`}un`b# ybn{ {m bdpj jhn{ tyn`b b x}m

amkm{{nph# maptmoha`b jhn{ tyn`b yhth hb kcnmapm m kba{mx}mapmjmapm b

yhohjmapb mgmp}h`b `m gbtjh jhn{ onc# jmcfbtha`b b gc}vb `m khnvh!

]j b}ptb pnyb `m njyhkpb ah bkbttm x}ha`b hpnwb{ napmcmkp}hn{ {b

}pncnuh`b{ yhth nakmapnwht h nabwhb m ytbjbwmt b `m{mawbcwnjmapb `m

bgmtph{ `m jmtkh`b mvkc}{nwh{# x}m jmtmkmj }j ytmb m{ymknhc# b} {meh#x}ha`b }jh btohanuhb }pncnuh b kbafmknjmapb yhth ktnht whcbt yhth }j

kcnmapm!

H `mgnanb `m om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb {m jb{pth napnjhjmapm

`myma`mapm `h `mgnanb `m khynphc napmcmkp}hc b} `b kbafmknjmapb#

kbjb D]LB_NPU &4994# y! 86. maghpnuh x}m b Khynphc Napmcmkp}hc#

ah jm{jh `ntmb `b Khynphc `b Kbafmknjmapb# {m tmgmtm h

x}hcx}mt kbn{h whcbtnuh`h ymch btohanuhb x}m m{pmeh `ntmphjmapm

ytm{mapm ah{ ym{{bh{! }j khynphc `mtnwh`b `m ytbkm{{b{# `m

{n{pmjh{ m `h k}cp}th btohanuhknbahc# kbjb b{ {hdmtm{ m fhdncn`h`m{

na`nwn`}hn{# abtjh{ m whcbtm{# dh{m{ `m `h`b{# jmpb`bcbonh{#

{bgphtm{# lab*fb# cnkmah{# jhtkh{ m {motm`b{ kbjmtknhn{#

`maptm b}ptb{!

H{{nj yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m m{{m pnyb `m khynphc ab yb`m# j}nph{ wmum{#

{mt kba{n`mth`b ytbytnm`h`m mgmpnwh `m }jh btohanuhb# ybn{ ab {m jb{pth {bd

kbaptbcm! D}lbnpu &4994# y! 86. kbcbkh x}m5

]jh `n{pnab njybtphapm maptm khynphc napmcmkp}hc m b x}mpth`nknbahcjmapm pmj {n`b kba{n`mth`b omth`bt `m whcbt ah{btohanuhm{ * b{ hpnwb{ g{nkb{ $phaowmn{$ * m x}m mcm amj {mjytm mytbytnm`h`m `h btohanuhb! N{{b {noangnkh x}m bdpmt dmamgknb{ `bkbafmknjmapb b} `b khynphc napmcmkp}hc ab m{p {bd b kbaptbcm `ntmpb`h btohanuhb! @m ghpb# khynphc napmcmkp}hc yb`m {mt kba{n`mth`b kbjbhc}oh`b# httma`h`b b} mjytm{ph`b! Obt`ba Dbtbab# b Ytm{n`mapm m

KBB `h Hjmtnkha [lha`nh# }jh kbjyhafnh `m {mo}tb{ {m`nh`h ah[}knh# kfmoh jm{jb h {}omtnt x}m otha`m yhtpm `b khynphc napmcmkp}hc`m }jh btohanuhb bdpn`b wbc}aphtnhjmapm ab `nh*h*`nh! B whcbt


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omth`b tm{}cph `m hpb{ htdnpttnb{ ybt yhtpm `b{ na`nw`}b{< h{{nj# bytbkm{{b `m mvpthnt m{{m whcbt `mwm {mt omtn`b j}npb `ngmtmapmjmapm `bytbkm{{b `b{ hpnwb{ phaowmn{!

Kbj p}`b x}m `n{k}pnjb{ hp hx}n# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m5

H om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb# {bd h{ ymt{ymkpnwh{ hp mapb hx}n`m{phkh`h{ mgmpnwh`h m mvycnknph`h wnh }j ytbkm{{b `m

kbjyhtpncfhjmapb `m kbafmknjmapb{! Omthcjmapm {bd h gbtjh

`m tm`m{ `m kbafmknjmapb m{{m ytbkm{{b pma`m h {mt }j

ybpmaknhcnuh`bt `m nabwhm{! Nabwhm{ x}m {m jb{pthj

njybtphapm{ yhth x}m h btohanuhb {bdtmwnwh# kbjb wnjb{

hapmtnbtjmapm# mj }jh tmhcn`h`m hcphjmapm kbjympnpnwh m

j}pwmc!

Yhth x}m }jh btohanuhb omtm nabwhm{ kbapa}h{ amkm{{tnb h`bpht

}jh {tnm `m hm{ na`}pbth{ `h khyhkn`h`m `m nabwht! N{{b {noangnkh ybpmaknhcnuht

kbjympaknh{ e mvn{pmapm{ m `m{mawbcwmt h{ abwh{ amkm{{tnh{ hb hpma`njmapb `h{

`mjha`h{ pmkabconkh{ tmhn{ m ybpmaknhn{ `h{ {bknm`h`m{ m jmtkh`b{!

H }pncnuhb `m _nln{8 m tm`m{ {bknhn{ kbjb b Pmhjdbv4 ah{

mjytm{h{ }j dbj mvmjycb `m kbjb h{ btohanuhm{ m{pbktnha`b m chyn`ha`b {m}{ kbafmknjmapb{!

8B pmtjb _nln }j pnyb m{ymkgnkb `m kbcmb `m `bk}jmapb{ mj fnymtpmvpb b} b {bgphtm

kbchdbthpnwb }{h`b yhth ktn*cb! Maptm {}h{ ytnaknyhn{ khthkpmt{pnkh{ m{pb h m`nb m h

kbjycmjmaphb `h{ yonah{ ymcb{ {m}{ ytytnb{ }{}tnb{! B} {meh# hco}j ktnh }j kbapm`b#

kbjb ybt mvmjycb# om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb b} {bgphtm cnwtm# m h yhtpnt `h mcm gnkh `n{ybawmc

yhth hkm{{b `m pb`b{! Mj b}ptb jbjmapb# b}ptb }{}tnb tm{bcwm kbjycmjmap*cb# dh{pha`b#

yhth n{{b# hkm{{ht b h{{}apb m hktm{kmapht jhn{ `mphcfm{# omtha`b }jh abwh wmt{b#

njm`nhphjmapm `n{ybawmc yhth pb`b{! Hb cbaob `b pmjyb b h{{}apb whn {ma`b kbjycmjmaph`b#

gnkha`b kbj jhn{ kbapm`b# pma`b yb{{wmn{ mttb{ kbttnon`b{ m omtha`b }j pmvpb kh`h wmu jhn{

ytmkn{b! H _nln jhn{ ghjb{h # {mj `wn`h# h _nlny`nh# x}m yb{{}n jhn{ `m ;#= jncfm{ `m

htpnob{ mj kmtkh `m 49= n`nbjh{ m `nhcmpb{! &gbapm5fppy5""pna~}tc!kbj";g=kw;p.

4

H Pmhjdbv h ynbamnth ah e}ab `m na{pt}jmapb{ `m kbchdbthb {bknhn{ ba*cnam kbj bomtmaknhjmapb `m ytbempb{# napmaphj mj nabwht b omtmaknhjmapb `m ytbempb{ hpthw{ `m }jh

tm`m {bknhc &napmtah btohanuhb.!fppy{5""pmhjdbv!kbj"
http://tinyurl.com/3f5cv3thttp://tinyurl.com/3f5cv3thttp://tinyurl.com/3f5cv3thttps://teambox.com/https://teambox.com/https://teambox.com/https://teambox.com/http://tinyurl.com/3f5cv3t


19/84

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4!Ychamehjmapb M{pthponkb Btohanuhknbahc m

{}h{ njycnkhm{ ah M{pthponh `mKhyhknphb m @m{mawbcwnjmapb `mym{{bh{!

JMPH @M[PH ]AN@H@MKbafmkmt m hahcn{ht h{ymkpb{ pbkhapm{ hb Ychamehjmapb M{pthponkb Btohanuhknbahc

m {}h{ Njycnkhm{ ah M{pthponh `m Khyhknphb m @m{mawbcwnjmapb `m ym{{bh{

na`b ab {mapn`b `b x}m {m kbafmkm ybt btohanuhm{ x}m hytma`mj!



8! N`mapngnkht m {napmpnuht b{ ybtx}{ h{ btohanuhm{ kh`h wmu jhn{

pma`mj h d}{kht ymch ktnhb `m m{yhb{ yhth b kbjyhtpncfhjmapb `b{

kbafmknjmapb{ na`nwn`}hn{ m kbcmpnwb{!4! Hahcn{ht kbjb b Ychamehjmapb M{pthponkb Btohanuhknbahc m {}h{

Njycnkhm{ ah M{pthponh `m Khyhknphb m @m{mawbcwnjmapb `m

ym{{bh{ kbaptnd}mj yhth b m{phdmcmknjmapb `b x}m {m kbafmkm ybt

btohanuhm{ x}m hytma`mj!

Ychamehjmapb M{pthponkb Btohanuhknbahc m {}h{Njycnkhm{ ah M{pthponh `m Khyhknphb m

@m{mawbcwnjmapb `m ym{{bh{


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Yhth jmcfbt `n{k}pntjb{ {bdtm h om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb `maptb `b

ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb btohanuhknbahc# kbawn`b wbk h }jh tmgcmvb5

Kmtphjmapm wbk e `mwm pmt pn`b kbaphpb# {meh kbjb kcnmapm# kbjb

kbchdbth`bt b} kbjb gbtamkm`bt# kbj ymcb jmab{ }jh `h{

{mo}napm{ yb{p}th{ btohanuhknbahn{5

@m{{h gbtjh yb`mjb{ ab{ ymto}apht5

X}hc pnyb `m btohanuhb {m jb{pth jb`mtah m ytbyma{h h jhapmt*

{m kbjympnpnwh mj }j j}a`b ocbdhcnuh`b# ba`m h{ kbn{h{ j}`hj

dmj jhn{ tyn`b x}m mj pmjyb{ yh{{h`b{2

Yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m h{ btohanuhm{ x}m ghumj hkbapmkmt# b} {meh# h{

btohanuhm{ nabwh`bth{# kmtphjmapm pma`mj h pmt jhn{ m{yhb mj am{pm j}a`b

kbj j}`hah{ pb wmcbum{!

Jh{# x}hn{ {b h{ khthkpmt{pnkh{ yhth x}m phn{ btohanuhm{ {mehj

ytbyma{h{ hb {}km{{b mj {}h{ tmh{ `m hp}hb2 Mvn{pm h

yb{{ndncn`h`m `m `m{mawbcwmtjb{ phn{ khthkpmt{pnkh{ mj

`mpmtjnah`h{ btohanuhm{2 Kbjb n{{b yb`m {mt gmnpb2

Kbj h tmgcmvb ybt {bdtm m{{h{ x}m{pm{ abtpmh`bth{ hcjmehjb{ d}{kht#

ab ybt tm{yb{ph{ ankh{ m mvhph{# jh{ ybt hjycnhtjb{ ab{{h{ khyhkn`h`m{ `m

mapma`njmapb ybt {bdtm h njybtpaknh `h om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb `maptb `m

m{pthponh{ x}m btnmapmj h mjytm{h!

Btohanuhm{

x}m ghumjhkbapmkmt

Btohanuhm{

x}m hymah{bd{mtwhjhkbapmkmt

Btohanuhm{

x}m {m{}tytmma`mjkbj b x}m e

hkbapmkm}


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H{{nj whjb{ yma{ht }j yb}kb jhn{ {bdtm h `mgnanb `m ychamehjmapb

m{pthponkb! Jh{ x}m phc nanknhtjb{ h omtjnahb `m{{h {mjmapm kbj hco}jh{

`mgnanm{ yhth yb`mtjb{ j}ant ab{{b yma{ht `m dba{ {}d{`nb{ d{nkb{(

Kbj kmtpmuh# {m wbk m{p ghuma`b m{pm k}t{b# wbk pmj {bafb{#bdempnwb{# jmph{! Mapb wbk e gmu `m hco}jh gbtjh }j

ychamehjmapb( H{{nj# {mj kba{}cpht amaf}j jhpmtnhc# tm{yba`h

{mo}a`b {}h{ kbakmym{# h{ {mo}napm{ x}m{pm{5 Kbjb wbk cn`h#

ybt mvmjycb# kbj {m}{ ychamehjmapb{ ym{{bhn{ m ytbgn{{nbahn{2 B

ychameh`b {mjytm hckhah`b2 &e}{pngnx}m {}h tm{yb{ph.


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@mybn{ `m pmt tmhcnuh`b h hpnwn`h`m hapmtnbt# wbk `mwm pmt ymtkmdn`b x}m

wbk e cn`h kbj ychamehjmapb{ `m hco}jh gbtjh! @m{{h gbtjh yb`mjb{ mapma`mt

x}m x}ha`b m{phjb{ ychameha`b hcob `m gbtjh jhn{ m{pt}p}th`h m{phjb{# ah

wmt`h`m# ytbempha`b!

4!8! Ychameht mj gbtjh `m ytbempb

Ytbempht# ab {mapn`b mpnjbconkb# wmj `b chpnj ytbemkp}# x}m b

yhtpnkynb yh{{h`b `b wmtdb ytbenkmtm m x}m {noangnkh chah`b yhth

`nhapm! H{{nj# phc pmtjb ab{ tmjmpm h n`mnh `m mvmk}pht b} tmhcnuht

hcob# ab g}p}tb# phc kbjb }j ychab# napmapb b} `m{oanb! B} {meh#

yb`mjb{ mapma`mt kbjb }j mjytmma`njmapb h {mt tmhcnuh`b `maptb

`m `mpmtjnah`b m{x}mjh!

H{{nj# b pmtjb ychamehjmapb wn{pb kbjb }jh hb jhn{ m{pt}p}th`h ab{

tmjmpm hb pmtjb ytbempb# b} {meh# }j m{gbtb mjytmma`n`b# mj }j `mpmtjnah`b

m{yhb `m pmjyb# yhth ktnht hcob# {meh }j tm{}cph`b ab g}p}tb# }j ytb`}pb b}

jm{jb }j {mtwnb!

Abtjhcjmapm hb {m ychameht# }pncnuhjb{ ytbempb{ x}m {m jb{pthj kbjb

tmk}t{b{ yhth x}m {m ychangnx}mj hm{ m x}m pma`hj h ab{ kba`}unt h tm{}cph`b{

x}m {hpn{ghhj }jh b} jhn{ amkm{{n`h`m{ m{pthponkh{ b} jm{jb kbjb }j

tmx}n{npb cmohc!

H{{nj yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m hb ychamehtjb{# ah wmt`h`m m{phjb{

d}{kha`b b yb{{wmc# b} {meh# d}{khjb{ }j g}p}tb `m gbtjh x}m m{{m {m hytm{mapm

`ngmtmapm hb ytm{mapm! }jh n`mhcnuhb `b x}m pmjb{ napmab `m ghumt# `mtmhcnuht! }j chahjmapb `m a{ jm{jb{ h `nhapm yhth h d}{kh `b yb{{wmc!

Cn`hjb{ `ntmphjmapm kbj b `m{meb `m pbtaht*{m# b} {meh# kbjb b x}m {m `mabjnah

ybt `mwnt!

Pma`b mj wn{ph x}m pb`b ychamehjmapb {}ym ytbjm{{h{ yhth b g}p}tb m#

`m{{h gbtjh# t}yp}th{ kbj b ytm{mapm# ychameht {m jb{pth kbjb }jh hb x}m ab{

tmjmph x}mdth }j m{ph`b kbagbtpwmc yhth httn{kht*{m ybt# x}mj {hdm# }j

ymtb`b `m na{phdncn`h`m! Ymtb`b m{{m x}m {m jb{pth kbjb hcob h gnj `m


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d}{khtjb{ }jh abwh m{phdncn`h`m mj g}ab `h{ ytbjm{{h{ kbapn`h{ ah hb `b

ychameht# ab {mapn`b `m }j g}p}tb jmcfbt `b x}m b ytm{mapm!

@mwnt }j kbakmnpb gncb{gnkb x}m x}hcngnkh h j}`hah kba{phapm#h ymtman`h`m `m hcob b} hco}j! Pth`}u*{m `m gbtjh jhn{ cnpmthc h

mpmtah j}`hah `b bapmj {mt `ngmtmapm `b fbem! Ah{ yhchwth{ `m

Fmtkcnpb5$B jm{jb fbjmj ab yb`m hpthwm{{ht b jm{jb tnb#

ybtx}m b fbjmj `m bapmj ab b jm{jb fbjmj# amj b tnb `m

bapmj b jm{jb `b fbem$! H{{nj wmjb{ x}m b{ gmajmab{ {m

tmympmj# jh{ ab {m tmympm b jm{jb gmajmab! Ybt mvmjycb# b

thnb `m fbem {mjytm }j thnb# jh{ ab hx}mcm `m bapmj< b{ {mtm{wnwmapm{ {b {mjytm kch{{ngnkwmn{ mj m{yknm{# jh{ b{ {mtm{ x}m

wnwmj fbem ab {b jhn{ hx}mcm{ `b yh{{h`b! Hcn{# kh`h kbn{h

ehjhn{ h jm{jh< `nh h `nh ymt`m m kbax}n{ph hcob# jm{jb x}ha`b

hb{ ab{{b{ bcfb{ `m{hyhtmkm} yhth {mjytm! &@MWNT# 4988# y!8.

4!4! Ychameht mj gbtjh `m m{pthponh

M{pthponh pthph*{m# ab maphapb# `m }jh gbtjh `m yma{ht ab g}p}tb#

napmoth`h ab ytbkm{{b `mkn{tnb# kbj dh{m mj }j ytbkm`njmapb

gbtjhcnuh`b m htpnk}ch`bt `m tm{}cph`b{! &JNAPUDMTO hy}`

M[PTHPONH# 4988# y! 8.


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H yhchwth m{pthponh wmj `b otmob hapnob {pthpo{# x}m ah wmt`h`m h

e}ab `m {pthpb{ kbj hob! B pmtjb {pthpb{ {noangnkh mvtknpb m hob x}m

x}mt `numt cn`mthah b} kbjha`b# {m tmgmtnh# ah ybkh `m `mjbkthknh hpmanma{m#

`ntmphjmapm htpm `b omamthc# kfmoha`b h `m{noaht ytbytnhjmapm kbjha`hapm

jncnpht &M[PTHPONH# 4988# y! 8.!

Kbj hd}a`hapmjmapm ytm{mah ah cnpmthp}th tmchknbah`h hb kbapmvpb `h{

btohanuhm{# b kbakmnpb `m m{pthponh }jh `h{ yhchwth{ jhn{ }pncnuh`h{ ah wn`h

mjytm{htnhc! ]j pmtjb x}m ab{ tmjmpm h{{nj n`mnh `m }j m{dbb# `m{mafb# o}nh

`h njhonahb yhth }jh yb{{wmc hb m }jh kbjdnahb maomafb{h yhth

kba{mo}nt }j gnj! M x}m ab{ ghu mapma`mt x}m# phc kbjb b pmtjb ytbempb# phjdj

{noangnkh }jh hapmknyhb# }jh tmgmtaknh hb g}p}tb!

[mt x}m b mvmjycb ytm{mapm ab w`mb h {mo}nt na`nkh`b yb`m

nc}{ptht b x}m m{phjb{ `n{k}pna`b {bdtm ychamehjmapb m m{pthponh2

fppy5""!~b}p}dm!kbj"hpkf2w:Lxd*jjlM_x]'gmhp}tm:tmchpm

Kbap}`b# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m }j ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb yb`m ab{

cmwht h jhn{ x}m }jh {njycm{ tmytm{maphb `b g}p}tb# `b hjhaf# `b yb{{wmc!

Ychameht m{pthpmonkhjmapm# h{{nj ab{ tmjmpm n`mnh `m d}{kh `m }j g}p}tb h ghumt#

}j hjhaf h kbaktmpnuht# }j yb{{wmc h ptha{gbtjht mj tmhc# }jh n`mnh h

ptha{gbtjht mj hpb!

Jh{ kbjb yb`mjb{ d}{kht }j g}p}tb h ghumt# }j hjhaf h

kbaktmpnuht# }j yb{{wmc h ptha{gbtjht mj tmhc# }jh n`mnh h

ptha{gbtjht mj hpb `maptb `m }jh btohanuhb2

]jh tm{yb{ph ych}{wmc h phc x}m{pnbahjmapb yb`m {mt wn{pb ab x}m {m

kbafmkm ybt om{pb m{pthponkh! M{{m }j pnyb `m om{pb kba{pnp}`h
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega_antigahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kqb-mmkEWqU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kqb-mmkEWqU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kqb-mmkEWqU&feature=relatedhttp://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega_antiga


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g}a`hjmaphcjmapm ymch{ kbaptnd}nm{ x}m h{ `nwmt{h{ tmh{ m m{ymknhcn{ph{ `m

}jh btohanuhb yb`mj bgmtmkmt yhth h pbjh`h `m m{ymkgnkh{ `mkn{m{! @mkn{m{

m{{h{ x}m {m tmgmtmj hb{ kbafmknjmapb{ hycnkh`b{ ah hwhcnhb# ah om{pb m {}h{

tm{ymkpnwh{ gmtthjmaph{ }pncnuh`h{ mj m{pthponh{ `m hcpb awmc!

H{{nj# {m ghu njybtphapm mapma`mtjb{ x}m ytbempb# ychamehjmapb m

m{pthponh{ wb j}npb hcj `h {njycm{ ytmbk}yhb kbj bymthm{! Ybn{# hb

kbapttnb `h{ bymthm{# x}m {b hm{ kbapa}h{ m tmkbttmapm{# h{ m{pthponh{ {m

hycnkhj h }jh tmhcn`h`m jmtkh`bconkh k}eh kbakbttaknh napma{h# ba`m h j}nph{

btohanuhm{ `m {}km{{b e mapma`mthj x}m hymah{ h mgnknaknh bymthknbahc# hym{ht

`m njybtphapm m amkm{{tnh# ab dh{ph!

Yb`mjb{ bd{mtwht x}m h{ btohanuhm{ x}m jhn{ {m `m{phkhj# b} {meh# x}m

jhn{ jb{pthj {}km{{b ah{ tmh{ x}m hp}hj# ah wmt`h`m pj }jh khthkpmt{pnkh mj

kbj}j5 }j ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb {cn`b m mvkc}{nwb!

4!;! Ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb

Dh{mh`b{ mj Bcnwmnth &8>>=# y! 46. yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m }j

ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb {m tmgmtm h }jh om{pb `b g}p}tb! ]j ychamehjmapb x}m#

`m gbtjh m{pt}p}th`h# {n{pjnkh m nap}npnwh# kba{bcn`h }j kbae}apb `m ytnakynb{#

abtjh{ m g}am{ yhth hchwhakht `m gbtjh fhtjankh b ytbkm{{b `m ychamehjmapb

`h {np}hb g}p}th! ]jh {np}hb `m{meh`h mjytm{h kbjb }j pb`b m {m}

yb{pmtnbt kbaptbcm ymthapm b{ ghpbtm{ hjdnmaphn{ dmj kbjb h btohanuhb m `ntmb

`b{ tmk}t{b{ mjytm{htnhn{ `m gbtjh bpnjnuh`h kbj h tmhcn`h`m hjdnmaphc# kbj h

jhvnjnuhb `h{ tmchm{ napmtym{{bhn{!

]j ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb {m tmgmtm gbtjh kbjb h btohanuhb

gbtj}ch# kbj}ankh# pth`}u# njycmjmaph m h`jnan{pth ychab{ h }j

g}p}tb `m{meh`b! Kbap}`b# phn{ ychab{ `mwmj pmt mj wn{ph b{ {mo}napm{

mcmjmapb{ htpnk}ch`b{ ab {mapn`b `m ohthapnt x}m h btohanuhb hckhakm

phc g}p}tb# kbjb yb`mjb{ wmt ab m{x}mjh h {mo}nt5


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Cmjdtha`b x}m b{ hjdnmapm{ napmtab{ {b h{ kba`nm{ napta{mkh{

btohanuhb m x}m {m jb{pthj kbaptbcwmn{# hb kbapttnb `b{ hjdnmapm{ mvpmtab{!

E b{ hjdnmapm{ mvpmtab{# kba{pnp}`b{# ybt mvmjycb# ymcb obwmtab# kbj}an`h`m#

jmnb hjdnmapm# `maptm b}ptb{# {m jb{pthj# ab maphapb# kbjb gbapm{ `m

bybtp}an`h`m{ m hjmhh{ x}m njyhkphj `m hco}jh gbtjh ab hcjmeh`b g}p}tb `h

btohanuhb!

@m{{h gbtjh yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m# yhth x}m {m yb{{h hckhaht phchcjmeh`b g}p}tb# }jh btohanuhb ytmkn{h ab janjb `mgnant {}h m{pthponh!

H{{nj# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m# ytnaknyhcjmapm `mwn`b h ab{{h hp}hc

tmhcn`h`m# m{phjb{ mj }j j}a`b kh`h wmu jhn{ `najnkb# ba`m {m bd{mtwh

j}`hah{ kh`h wmu jhn{ wmcbum{# ba`m ah`h nj}pwmc! ]jh tmhcn`h`m x}m

kmtphjmapm njyhkph `ntmphjmapm `maptb `h{ btohanuhm{# ybn{ {m jb{pth ytm{mapm

phapb hb hjdnmapm mvpmtab njm`nhpb# kbj ybt mvmjycb# ah{ tmchm{ mkbajnkh{

gbth `mch# x}hapb ah{ tmchm{ {bknhn{ napth*btohanuhknbahn{ m ab kcnjh

btohanuhknbahc!

Jh{ kbjb yb`mjb{ ohthapnt# mj ab{{h hp}hc tmhcn`h`m# b {}km{{b

`m }j ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb gbkh`b ab g}p}tb2

g}p}tbhcjmeh`b

ymchbtohanuhb

hjdnmapm{napmtab{

hacn{m{`m ghpbtm{

hjdnmapm{mvpmtab{


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Ab f }jh tm{yb{ph mvhph yhth m{{h ymto}aph# jh{ hcob x}m yb`m ab{

`ntmknbaht yhth }jh tmgcmvb ybt {bdtm phc pmjh {b h{ knakb khthkpmt{pnkh{

g}a`hjmaphn{# `m{phkh`h{ ybt Jhpb{ &8>>># y!;9.# tmgmtmapm{ hb ychamehjmapb

m{pthponkb5

H{{nj fhtjbanuh`b{ h m{{m h}pbt yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m5

h! B ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb m{p tmchknbah`b kbj h

h`hyphb `h btohanuhb h }j hjdnmapm j}pwmc! E x}m

tmgcmpm }jh btnmaphb mvpmtah x}m gbkhcnuh h{ tm{yb{ph{

h`mx}h`h{ { gbth{ m ytm{{m{ x}m m{pb {np}h`h{ `b ch`b `m


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gbth `h btohanuhb! H{{nj# {m tmgmtm { nakmtpmuh{# ytm{mapm{

ah{ ym{{bh{ `h btohanuhb# h tm{ymnpb `m mwmapb{ hjdnmaphn{;!

Nakmtpmuh{ x}m namwnphwmcjmapm kba`}umj m{{h{ ym{{bh{ h

`mkn{m{ dh{mh`h{ mj e}cohjmapb{ m ab amkm{{htnhjmapm mj

`h`b{ kbaktmpb{!

d! B ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb btnmaph`b yhth b g}p}tb! Ybn{#

`}thapm b k}t{b `b ychamehjmapb# h kba{n`mthb `b{ ytbdcmjh{

`m mapb `h`h mj g}ab `b x}m h{ ym{{bh{ `h btohanuhb

ymtkmdmj kbjb bd{pk}cb{ m dhttmnth{ m b x}m phn{ bd{pk}cb{ m

dhttmnth{ yb`mj njycnkht yhth }j hcjmeh`b c}oht ab g}p}tb! ]j

c}oht h {mt hckhah`b omthcjmapm ab `mkbttmt `m }j cbaobythub!

k! B ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb kbjytmma{nwb! Ybt hdhtkht

hjycb{ tmk}t{b{ `h btohanuhb# ab {mapn`b `m bdpmt mgmnpb{

{namtopnkb{ `m pb`h{ h{ khyhkn`h`m{ m ybpmaknhcn`h`m{# m{{m

ychamehjmapb mawbcwm h btohanuhb kbjb }jh pbphcn`h`m!

H{{nj# h{ tm{yb{ph m{pthponkh `h btohanuhb mawbcwm }jkbjybtphjmapb ocbdhc# kbjytmma{nwb m {n{pjnkb! H

yhtpnknyhb `h{ ym{{bh{ g}a`hjmaphc# ybn{ {b mch{ x}m

tmhcnuhj m b ghumj hkbapmkmt b ychameh`b! @m{{h gbtjh# b

ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb ab `mwm gnkht hymah{ ab yhymc# jh{ ah

khdmh m ab kbthb `h{ ym{{bh{ mawbcwn`h{!

`! B ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb }j ytbkm{{b `m kba{pt}b `mkba{ma{b! Pma`b mj wn{ph x}m phc ychamehjmapb `mwh bgmtmkmt

}j jmnb `m hpma`mt h pb`h h `nwmt{n`h`m `b{ napmtm{{m{ m

;Mapma`m*{m yhth hcj `b kbapmvpb dnbconkb m kcnjpnkb# ybn{ hjdnmapm &`b chpnj hjdnmapm# kbj

b {mapn`b `b x}m mawbcwm b{ kbtyb{ ybt pb`b{ b{ ch`b{. b kbae}apb `h{ {}d{paknh{#

kntk}a{paknh{ b} kba`nm{ mj x}m mvn{pm `mpmtjnah`b bdempb b} mj x}m bkbttm `mpmtjnah`hhb! M{pm pmtjb pmj {noangnkh`b{ m{ymknhcnuh`b{ mj `ngmtmapm{ kbapmvpb{5 dnbconkb{# {bknhc#

cmohc# jnktbothwnphknbahc# mkbajnkb# pmkabconkb! &HJDNMAPM# 4988.


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amkm{{n`h`m{ `b{ {}emnpb{ mawbcwn`b{ hpthw{ `m }j khjnafb

x}m kbagc}h yhth x}m h btohanuhb yb{{h hckhaht {m}{

bdempnwb{! H{{nj ghu*{m njybtphapm h mvn{paknh `m }jh hjych m

nttm{ptnph hkmnphb yhth x}m b ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb yb{{h

{mt tmhcnuh`b hpthw{ `m{{h{ ym{{bh{ mj pb`b{ b{ awmn{ `h

btohanuhb!

m! B ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb }jh gbtjh `m hytma`nuhomj

btohanuhknbahc! E x}m b ychamehjmapb kba{pnp}n }jh pmaphpnwh

kba{phapm `h btohanuhb# tmytm{maph`h{ ymch{ ym{{bh{ x}m h

kbjym# mj hytma`mt h he}{pht*{m h }j hjdnmapm kbjycmvb#

kbjympnpnwb m {}{kmpwmc h j}`hah{# ytnaknyhcjmapm ybt m{phtbtnmaph`b yhth h h`hyphb `h btohanuhb hb kbapmvpb

hjdnmaphc!

Pma`b mj wn{ph h{ knakb khthkpmt{pnkh{ hapmtnbtm{ tmgmtmapm{ hb

ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb# `m{phx}m x}hn{ {b h{ x}m `myma`mj

`ntmph m na`ntmphjmapm `h{ ym{{bh{ m {m}{ kbafmknjmapb{! E}{pngnx}m

{}h{ m{kbcfh{!


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Kmtphjmapm wbk y`m hwmtno}ht kbjb h hpnwn`h`m hapmtnbt x}m pb`h{ h{

knakb khthkpmt{pnkh{# kbjb `m{phkh`h{ ybt Jhpb{ &8>>># y! ;9. m tmgmtmapm{ hb

ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb# m{pb cnoh`b{ `ntmphjmapm hb{ kbafmknjmapb{ `h{

ym{{bh{ `m }jh btohanuhb!

4!0!H{ ym{{bh{ m b ychamehjmapb m{pthponkb

H{{nj yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m# ab{ `nh{ `m fbem# kh`h wmu jhn{ h{ ym{{bh{ m

b{ {m}{ kbafmknjmapb{ pj {m jb{pth`b kbjb mcmjmapb{ g}a`hjmaphn{ yhth h

btohanuhb `m pthdhcfb# yhth b{ ytbkm{{b{ `m om{pb m yhth h ktnhb `m ytb`}pb{m {mtwnb{ nabwh`btm{ m x}m {m jb{ptmj ymtpnamapm{ kbj h `mjha`h `m }j j}a`b

mj kba{phapm{ j}`hah{!

Ab kbapmvpb btohanuhknbahc# yb`mjb{ wn{c}jdtht x}m b pmtjb

kbafmknjmapb# kbjb `m{phkh`b ybt @hwmaybtp m Yt}{hl 5

&!!!. }jh jn{p}th gc}n`h `m mvymtnaknh kba`ma{h`h# whcbtm{#nagbtjhb# kbapmvp}hc m na{nofp mvymtnjmaph`b# h x}hc ytbybtknbah

}jh m{pt}p}th yhth h hwhcnhb m nakbtybthb `m abwh{ mvymtnaknh{ mnagbtjhm{! Mcm pmj btnomj m hycnkh`b ah jmapm `b{ kbafmkm`btm{!Ah{ btohanuhm{# mcm kb{p}jh m{pht mjd}pn`b ab { mj `bk}jmapb{b} tmyb{nptnb{# jh{ phjdj mj tbpnah{# ytbkm{{b{# ytpnkh{ m abtjh{btohanuhknbahn{!&8>>6# y! 7.

Kbj n{{b wmjb{ x}m phn{ ym{{bh{ }cpthyh{{hj h g}ab `m jmth{

mvmk}pbth{ `m phtmgh{! H{ ym{{bh{ {b kh`h wmu jhn{ wn{ph{ kbjb h}pabjh{ m

j}cpn`n{knycnahtm{ m x}m pma`mj h m{phdmcmkmtmj `m gbtjh ktnhpnwh h {}h ytytnh

conkh `m pthdhcfb ymt{bahcnuh`h! Phn{ ytbgn{{nbahn{ kba{pnp}mj mx}nym{ `m

pthdhcfb# kbjyhtpncfha`b# hotmoha`b# napmtahcnuha`b kbafmknjmapb{ m hycnkha`b*b{ yhth h ktnhb `m nabwh`btm{ ytb`}pb{ m {mtwnb{!

Am{{m {mapn`b# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m h{ m{pthponh{ `m Khyhknphb m

@m{mawbcwnjmapb `m ym{{bh{ kbjb ab `nhothjh `n{yb{pb ah gno}th h {mo}nt! M{{m

}j ytbkm{{b x}m ytmkn{h {mt jhapn`b `m gbtjh kbapa}h# ybn{ {m jb{pth

napnjhjmapm htpnk}ch`b kbj h{ m{pthponh{ kbtybthpnwh{ amkm{{tnh{ kba{mk}b

`m bdempnwb{ btohanuhknbahn{!


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Kba{mx}mapmjmapm h n{{b# h{ btohanuhm{ kh`h wmu jhn{ pma`mj h

d}{kht kba{phapmjmapm ymch ktnhb `m m{yhb{ yhth b

kbjyhtpncfhjmapb `b{ kbafmknjmapb{ na`nwn`}hn{ m kbcmpnwb{#

kba{pnp}na`b*{m# hpthw{ `h napmthb `m {}h{ ym{{bh{# mj

BTOHANUHM[ X]M HYTMA@MJ# KTNHJ M

KBJYHTPNCFHJ KBAFMKNJMAPB[! Am{{h ymt{ymkpnwh#

phn{ mjytm{h{ {mtnhj hx}mch{ x}m ktnhj {n{pmjhpnkhjmapm abwb{

kbafmknjmapb{# `n{{mjnahj*ab{ ah btohanuhb napmnth# m

thyn`hjmapm b{ nakbtybthj h{ abwh{ pmkabcbonh{ m ytb`}pb{!

&PMTTH# 499=# y! 6;.

Kbap}`b yhth x}m {m yb{{h ktnht m `ng}a`nt m{{m{ abwb{

kbafmknjmapb{ ytmkn{hjb{ ghcht {bdtm b kbjb h{ ym{{bh{hytma`mj# b} {meh# `maptb `b j}a`b kbtybthpnwb n{{b m{p

`ntmphjmapm tmchknbah`b gbtjhb `b khynphc f}jhab m

napmcmkp}hc!

Kbakc}{b


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;!Gbtjhb `b khynphc f}jhab m b khynphc

napmcmkp}hc

JMPH @M[PH ]AN@H@M

Mvycbtht h{ yb{{ndncn`h`m{ `b x}m {m kbafmkm ybt khynphc f}jhab m napmcmkp}hc

hpthw{ `m }j yma{hjmapb x}m {m jb{ptm ytbyma{b hb tbjynjmapb `h `nph`}th `b

yhth`nojh `h gthojmaphb# njytnjn`b ymcb yma{hjmapb thknbahcn{ph"khtpm{nhab!

B} {meh# }j yma{hjmapb x}m {m jb{ptm mgnkhu tmhcn`h`m kbjycmvh `h{

btohanuhm{ ah hp}hcn`h`m!



8! Khpmobtnuht khynphc f}jhab m napmcmkp}hc yhth hcj `b yma{hjmapb

thknbahcn{ph"khtpm{nhab# b} {meh# ab {mapn`b `b yma{hjmapb `mabjnah`b

ybt kbjycmvb!

4! Hwhcnht h ptbkh `b yhth`nojh `b ptmnahjmapb yhth b yhth`nojh `h

hytma`nuhomj gtmapm { amkm{{n`h`m{ `m hymtgmnbhjmapb m gbtjhb

`m ym{{bh{ ah{ btohanuhm{!

Gbtjhb `b khynphc f}jhab m b

khynphc napmcmkp}hc


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;;


Bc# p}`b dmj2 Kbawn`b wbk hobth h }jh napmtm{{hapm tmgcmvb {bdtm `bn{

pmtjb{ njybtphap{{njb{ `maptb `h{ btohanuhm{ ab{ `nh{ `m fbem! Mapb whjb{

kbjmht kbj b kbakmnpb `m khynphc f}jhab( Ytmyhth`b2 Mapb# whjb{ c(

;!8! Khynphc f}jhab

M{pnjh*{m x}m m{{m pmtjb gbn }pncnuh`b nanknhcjmapm mj 8>=9# ybt

Pfmb`btm _! [kf}cpu &8>94 * 8>>6.! Kbap}`b# m{{m kbakmnpb gbn j}npb }pncnuh`b m

kba{mx}mapmjmapm yby}chtnuh`b ab{ hab{ 8>69 ymcb{ btohan{jb{ j}cpnchpmthn{

jhn{ `ntmphjmapm wnak}ch`b{ hb yma{hjmapb ambcndmthc# jhn{ m{ymkngnkhjmapm ahtmh m`}khknbahc `maptb `b kbapmvpb `h{ `mjha`h{ tm{}cphapm{ `h tmm{pt}p}thb

ytb`}pnwh!

E}apb hb{ kbakmnpb{ `m khynphc gnvb &jhx}nahtnh. m khynphc whtnwmc

&{hctnb{.# b kbakmnpb `m $khynphc f}jhab$ omtb} ybcjnkh# ybn{ pma`nh h {mt

mapma`n`b ab {mapn`b `m ptha{gbtjht ym{{bh{ mj khynphc yhth h{ mjytm{h{! ]j

mapma`njmapb x}m {m jb{pth pbphcjmapm byb{pb hb yma{hjmapb f}jhan{ph x}m

jhtkb} b y{ {mo}a`h o}mtth j}a`nhc!

M{{h ybcjnkh yb`m {mt e}{pngnkh`h mj }j kbapmvpb ba`m b {mt f}jhab

wn{pb kbj }j hyhthpb# phc kbjb }j na{pt}jmapb hb {mt }pncnuh`b mj }j ytbkm{{b

`m ytb`}b! ]j kbapmvpb ba`m b khynphc wn{pb kbjb njbdncnuh`b0 m b pthdhcfb

mapma`n`b m hdbt`h`b ah wmcfh kbakmyb `m jb*`m*bdth! ]jh kbakmyb ba`m

b{ {}emnpb{ {b wn{pb{ ab {mapn`b m{ptnpb `m jb*`m*bdth yhth h ytb`}b `m dma{

b} {mtwnb{# b} {meh# hymah{ kbjb gbth `m pthdhcfb# kbjb {m yb`m ymtkmdmt ab

m{x}mjh h {mo}nt5

0Kbae}apb janjb `m dma{ kbjb kba{pt}m{ m mx}nyhjmapb{ x}m pb`h btohanuhb# x}ha`b

ah{km# {m m{pt}p}th ab j}a`b! Ab mvmjycb `m }jh tm{ph}thapm# ab janjb {mt amkm{{tnb }j

njwmc kbjmtknhc x}m hdtno}m }j tmgmnptnb# h kbunafh# b m{yhb m h dhakh`h yhth b khnvh m }jh

{hch yhth h h`jnan{pthb kbj jbdncntnb m b}ptb{ bdempb{! Mx}nyhjmapb{ yhth h kbjyb{nb `h

kbunafh# omch`mnth{ m h{{nj ybt `nhapm phjdj {b amkm{{tnb{ yhth x}m b tm{ph}thapm maptm mjg}aknbahjmapb! M{pm{ dma{# }jh wmu h`x}ntn`b{# ab yb`mj {mt ghkncjmapm kbawmtpn`b{ mj

`nafmntb# ybt n{{b {b kfhjh`b{ `m njbdncnuh`b{!


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;!4! Khynphc napmcmkp}hcKbap}`b# phc ybcjnkh pma`m h ab jhn{ {m jb{ptht ymtpnamapm# ybn{ m{phjb{

wnwma`b# ab omthc# mj }j kbapmvpb ba`m b wmt`h`mntb ytb`}pb `h{ mjytm{h{ pma`m

h {mt hcob naphaowmc! Hba`m# kbjb e wnjb{ ah ytnjmnth }an`h`m `m{{m jhpmtnhc#

x}m phapb h{ chpnafh{ b} ohtthgh{ `m tmgtnomthapm{# x}hapb b{ kbjytnjn`b{ m

jm`nkhjmapb{# {m jb{pthj hp}hcjmapm kbjb nawc}ktb{ yhth }j dmj naphaowmc#

b} {meh# b kbafmknjmapb `m{mawbcwn`b ybt phn{ btohanuhm{!

@m{{h jhamnth mj kba{baaknh h @t}klmt &8>>7.# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m

b{ jmnb{ `m ytb`}b# h dh{m pth`nknbahc `b khynphcn{jb# hobth {m jb{pthj# ab{

kbafmknjmapb{ m fhdncn`h`m{ napmcmkp}hn{ `b{ pthdhcfh`btm{! ]j gbtpm na`knb `m

x}m b kbakmnpb `m khynphc f}jhab pma`m h {mt napnjhjmapm cnoh`b hb x}m {m

mapma`m ybt khynphc napmcmkp}hc!

khynphcnjbdncnuh`b

jmnb{ yhth h ytb`}b

`m dma{ m{mtwnb{

ba`m b{ pthdhcfh`btm{{b wn{pb{ kbjb

KhynphcF}jhab

Jb*`m*bdth


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E pthdhcfhjb{ b kbakmnpb `m khynphc napmcmkp}hc am{pm pthdhcfb! Whjb{

tmkbt`ht2

]jh `mgnanb napmtm{{hapm `m khynphc napmcmkp}hc h `m

D]LB_NPU &4994# y! 86. hb maghpnuht x}m b Khynphc Napmcmkp}hc#

ah jm{jh `ntmb `b Khynphc `b Kbafmknjmapb# {m tmgmtm h

x}hcx}mt kbn{h whcbtnuh`h ymch btohanuhb x}m m{pmeh `ntmphjmapm

ytm{mapm ah{ ym{{bh{! }j khynphc `mtnwh`b `m ytbkm{{b{# `m

{n{pmjh{ m `h k}cp}th btohanuhknbahc# kbjb b{ {hdmtm{ m fhdncn`h`m{

na`nwn`}hn{# abtjh{ m whcbtm{# dh{m{ `m `h`b{# jmpb`bcbonh{#

{bgphtm{# lab*fb# cnkmah{# jhtkh{ m {motm`b{ kbjmtknhn{#

`maptm b}ptb{!

H{{nj b khynphc f}jhab# ab {mapn`b kbapmvp}hcnuh`b hb x}m mapma`mjb{

ybt khynphc napmcmkp}hc# pmj {n`b kba{n`mth`b kbjb }j `b{ kbjybamapm{

g}a`hjmaphn{ yhth {m mvycnkht b `m{mawbcwnjmapb mkbajnkb `m{no}hc maptm

yh{m{!

Dh{mpth`nknbahc `bkhynphcn{jb

jmnb{ `mytb`}b

Kbafmknjmapb{m fhdncn`h`m{napmcmkp}hn{

pthdhcfh`btm{Khynphc

F}jhab

KhynphcNapmcmkp}hc


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Ym{x}n{m `bn{ yh{m{ x}m yb`mj {mt }pncnuh`b{ yhth mvmjycngnkht h

hgntjhb kba{phapm ab yhtothgb hapmtnbt m e}{pngnx}m {}h m{kbcfh

ab m{yhb h {mo}nt5

Jh{ wbcpha`b h ab{{h tmgcmvb {bdtm khynphc napmcmkp}hc# yb`mjb{ `m{phkht phckbjb ghumj M`wna{ba m Jhcbam &8>66# y! 8>.# x}m m{{m pnyb `m khynphc !!! }j

khynphc ab gnahakmntb x}m tmytm{maph h chk}ah bk}cph maptm b whcbt `m jmtkh`b m b

whcbt kbapdnc! [ma`b# ybtphapb h {bjh `b khynphc F}jhab m khynphc M{pt}p}thc!

Kbjb yb`mjb{ bd{mtwht ab m{x}mjh h {mo}nt5


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Ab Dth{nc# {mo}a`b Pmtth &499?# y! 8.# ymtkmdm*{m kh`h wmu jhn{ x}m m{{m{ghpbtm{ f}jhab{# mapma`n`b{ kbjb tmk}t{b kbafmknjmapb# wj h}jmapha`b

hkmcmth`hjmapm {}h njybtpaknh yhth b `m{mjymafb mjytm{htnhc m x}m b{ `m{hgnb{

njyb{pb{ ymch tmchpnwh m tmkmapm hdmtp}th mkbajnkh pbtahj h x}m{pb `h om{pb `b

kbafmknjmapb hna`h jhn{ g}a`hjmaphc yhth h{ btohanuhm{! Hna`h mj

kba{baaknh m{{m h}pbt# yb`mjb{ cmwhapht h fnypm{m `m x}m h{ pma`aknh{ tmkmapm{

mj pmtjb{ `m ybcpnkh{ `m tmk}t{b{ f}jhab{# ah{ btohanuhm{ tmkbafmkn`hjmapm

jhn{ nabwh`bth{# pj }jh tmchb `ntmph kbj b ktm{knjmapb `h njybtpaknh `hhytma`nuhomj# kbafmknjmapb m ktnhpnwn`h`m yhth h kbjympnpnwn`h`m `h{

btohanuhm{!

;!;!Amkm{{n`h`m mjytm{htnhc m amkm{{n`h`m{ ym{{bhn{

M{pm abwb kmatnb m{p ktnha`b abwh{ pma{m{ m j}`ha`b b mx}ncdtnb `m

yb`mt `maptb `h{ btohanuhm{! Ybn{ {m `m }j ch`b b{ pthdhcfh`btm{ x}mtmj# kh`hwmu jhn{# ab hymah{ }jh kbjyma{hb gnahakmnth# jh{ phjdj h yb{{ndncn`h`m

`m `m{mawbcwnjmapb ym{{bhc# `m b}ptb ch`b# h{ mjytm{h{ x}mtmj x}m b{

pthdhcfh`btm{ h}jmapmj# kbapna}hjmapm# b m{pbx}m `m kbafmknjmapb

btohanuhknbahc! &PMTTH# 499?# y! 808.

Kba{bahapm{ { kbcbkhm{ `b h}pbt {}ythknph`b yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m5

Ghpbtm{ m{pt}p}thn{Ghpbtm{ gnahakmntb{

Ghpbtm{ f}jhab{

&khynphc napmcmkp}hc.

omthb mtnx}muh


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@m{{h gbtjh# yb`mjb{ hjycnht ab{{h{ tmgcmvm{ kbj h {mo}napm

x}m{pb5 jh{ kbjb d}{kht }j ybapb {hpn{ghptnb yhth m{{m ebob `m

gbth{2

Yhth x}m ab{ `ntmknbaht yhth phc tm{yb{ph# }j yma{hjmapb napmtm{{hapm m

x}m pmj j}npb h bgmtmkmt b `mabjnah`b ybt yma{hjmapb kbjycmvb!

;!0! B yma{hjmapb kbjycmvb ah{ btohanuhm{

]j yma{hjmapb x}m {m jb{pth kbjb }jh dbh gmtthjmaph yhth btbjynjmapb `h `nph`}th `b yhth`nojh `h gthojmaphb# njytnjn`b ymcb

yma{hjmapb thknbahcn{ph"khtpm{nhab! B yma{hjmapb kbjycmvb# `m{{h gbtjh pmj {m

jb{pth`b j}npb mgnknmapm yhth h {bdtmwnwaknh `m j}nph{ btohanuhm{ ah mth `b

kbafmknjmapb! Kbjb Jbtna `m{phkh5

ytmkn{b {}d{pnp}nt }j yma{hjmapb x}m n{bch m {myhth ybt }jyma{hjmapb x}m `n{pnao}m m }am! ytmkn{b {}d{pnp}nt }j yma{hjmapb`n{e}apnwb m tm`}pbt ybt }j yma{hjmapb `b kbjycmvb# ab {mapn`bbtnonatnb `b pmtjb kbjycmv}{ 5 b x}m pmkn`b e}apb! &JBTNA# 4997#y! 6>.


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@m{{h gbtjh# yb`mjb{ `m{phkht pt{ ytnakynb{ `h kbjycmvn`h`m dh{mh`b{

ah{ n`mnh{ `m Jbtna &499?.! Phn{ ytnakynb{# phjdj kbafmkn`b{ kbjb

bymth`btm{# b} {meh# ytnakynb{ x}m {m ytbymj h kbcbkht b yma{hjmapb mj

bymthb# pma`mj ghumt mjmtont mgnknmapm{ tmgcmvm{ gtmapm h kbjb h tmhcn`h`m `h{

btohanuhm{ `m {}km{{b ab{ hytm{maph`h!

;!0!8! B bymth`bt `nhconkb

M{{m bymth`bt pthph `h ab mvn{paknh `m {apm{m# e x}m phc wn{b kba{n{pm

ybt }j mawbcwmt# maptmchht `h{ kbn{h{ x}m hyhtmapmjmapm m{pb {myhth`h{# phc

kbjb hkbapmkm kbj h thub m h mjbb# b {ma{wmc m b napmcnowmc# b tmhc m b

njhonatnb# h thub m b{ jnpb{# h knaknh m h htpm# h tmhcn`h`m mvpth m napth*

btohanuhm{! H{{nj# yb`m*{m mapma`mt x}m m{{m bymth`bt ymtjnpm h{{}jnt h

na{myhthdncn`h`m `m abm{ kbapth`nptnh{ yhth kbakmdmt }j jm{jb gmajmab

kbjycmvb# kbjb gmu Anmc{ Dbft# ybt mvmjycb# hb tmkbafmkmt h amkm{{n`h`m `m

kbakmdmt yhtpk}ch{ g{nkh{ kbjb kbty{k}cb{ m kbjb ba`h{# hb jm{jb pmjyb m

kbjb ghu Jbtna hb mapma`mt b{ na`nw`}b{ m h {bknm`h`m5

@m }j kmtpb ybapb `m wn{ph# b{ na`nw`}b{# ah jm`n`h mj x}m

`m{hyhtmkmj# {b kbjb kbty{k}cb{ h}pabjb{< `m }j b}ptb ybapb `mwn{ph`maptb `h{ `}h{ kbapna}n`h`m{ x}m {b h m{yknm m h {bknm`h`m

# b na`nw`}b `m{hyhtmkm x}ha`b {m kba{n`mthj h m{yknm m h{bknm`h`m< m h m{yknm m h {bknm`h`m `m{hyhtmkmj x}ha`b {m kba{n`mthb na`nw`}b! B yma{hjmapb `mwm h{{}jnt `nhcbonkhjmapm b{ `bn{pmtjb{# x}m pma`mj h {m mvkc}nt }j hb b}ptb! &JBTNA# 4997# y! >7.

Kbj mgmnpb# yhth kbakmdmt phc kbakmyb `nhconkh yb`m*{m mvmjycngnkht h

tmchb maptm bt`mj m `m{bt`mj! Ab yhth`nojh thknbahcn{ph"khtpm{nhab# }jh mvkc}n

amkm{{htnhjmapm h b}pth# jh{ kbj b yma{hjmapb kbjycmvb# bt`mj ab mvkc}n h

`m{bt`mj m wnkm*wmt{h# b} {meh# hb jm{jb pmjyb }jh kbjycmjmaph h b}pth! ]jhkbjycmjmaphb x}m# maptmphapb# {m ghu ah kbakbttaknh `m gbtjh haphoankh m

nakmtph maptm bt`mj m `m{bt`mj!

Phc `nhcbonkn`h`m yb`m {mt bd{mtwh ab hpthpbt m{pthafb jb`mch`b ymcb

jmpmbtbcbon{ph M`ht` Cbtmau mj 8>7;! Cbtmau jb`mcb} b ytnjmntb hpthpbt

m{pthafb x}m# hb {nj}cht yh`tm{ `m kbjybtphjmapb `b kcnjh# h yhtpnt `m mx}hm{

tmchknbah`h{ hb kbjybtphjmapb hpjb{gtnkb!


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Cbtmau gbtj}cb} pt{ mx}hm{ `ngmtmaknhn{5 }jh `m{ktmwma`b h phvh`m j}`hah yhth }jh whtnwmc v# na`nkha`b h wmcbkn`h`m `hkbawmkb< b}pth# h whtnwmc ~# khthkpmtnuha`b h `ngmtmah `mpmjymthp}th maptm b gc}n`b h{kma`mapm m b `m{kma`mapm# m h u#na`mvha`b h `n{ptnd}nb wmtpnkhc `h pmjymthp}th &b `m{wnb `m {m} whcbt`m mx}ncdtnb.! &YMNVBPB# 4989# y! 8;4.

Hpthw{ `m{{h{ mx}hm{# Cbtmau kfmob} h }jh {tnm `m ajmtb{ x}m

ytb`}umj }jh {mx}aknh `m ybapb{ x}m pthh }j jhyh khpnkb# mj pt{

`njma{m{# `m pthemptnh{ {mjmcfhapm{ h }jh dbtdbcmph!

B hpthpbt `m Cbtmau

Yhth wn{}hcnuht b hpthpbt `m Cbtmau mj pt{ `njma{m{ hkm{{m

fppy5""~b}p}!dm"F@*FCa~CN;

M{{h{ pthemptnh{ gbtjhj `bn{ cbby{ `nwmtomapm{ m maptmkt}uh`b{ x}m {m

kbagno}thj mj `mkbttaknh `m hpthpbtm{!

B jhyh tm{}cphapm tmwmch x}m b {n{pmjh gnkh {mjytm `maptb `m kmtpb{cnjnpm{# jh{ phjdj a}akh {m tmympm! B pthh`b tm`}a`h a}jh m{yknm`m m{ynthc `}ych mj pt{ `njma{m{# mj x}m h{ pthemptnh{ ab {m

tmympmj amj {m kt}uhj# jh{ gbtjhj }j `n{yb{npnwb kbmtmapm! Bjbwnjmapb `b hpthpbt hd{pthpb# jh{ ptha{jnpm h{ymkpb{ `b {n{pmjhtmhc5 b kt}uhjmapb `m }jh hdh `b hpthpbt kbj h b}pth kbttm{yba`m h}jh nawmt{b ah `ntmb `h tbphb `b gc}n`b mj kbawmkb! &nd`mj#4989# y! 8;;.

M{{h `}ych m{ynthc# }jh `h{ jhn{ ybpmapm{ njhoma{ ktnh`h{ ymch knaknh

kbapmjybtamh# {m jb{pth kbjb }jh `h{ ytnaknyhn{ tmytm{maphm{ `m x}m h

bt`mj m h `m{bt`mj# {bd `mpmtjnah`b ao}cb# {b# ab { `n{pnaph{# jh{ phjdj

}jh# ybn{ kbttmj hb jm{jb pmjyb! Mj }jh wn{}hcnuhb jhktb {m yb`m mapma`mt
http://youtu.be/HD-HLnyLI3whttp://youtu.be/HD-HLnyLI3whttp://youtu.be/HD-HLnyLI3w


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x}m {m pthph `m }j kbjybtphjmapb mj bt`mj"btohanuhb# jh{ mj }jh wn{b

jnktb# yb`m*{m wn{}hcnuht h `m{bt`mj ah ab tmympnb `h{ pthemptnh{!

@m{{h gbtjh yb`m*{m kbakc}nt x}m phc kbjb Jbtna &8>??# y! 69.# `m`m b{

pbjb{ hp b{ h{ptb{# `h{ dhkptnh{ hp b{ {mtm{ f}jhab{# f ytm{mah `h `m{bt`mjab napmapb `b btohanuht< p}`b b x}m btohanuh`b b} btohanuh`bt pthdhcfh# ah{ m

ymch{ {}h{ ptha{gbtjhm{# phjdj yhth h `m{bt`mj &h}jmapb `m maptbynh.!

M{pm ytnakynb he}`h h yma{ht h{ conkh{ `h{ amkm{{n`h`m{ mjytm{htnhn{ m h{

amkm{{n`h`m{ ym{{bhn{ `b{ pthdhcfh`btm{ mj gbtjh `nhconkh# ba`m h }an`h`m

{njdnpnkh `m{{h{ `}h{ conkh{ {nj}cphamhjmapm {m hcnjmaphj }jh b}pth# {m

kbakbttmaknhj# {m yhth{nphj j}p}hjmapm m hb jm{jb pmjyb {m bymj! Ba`m phn{

amkm{{n`h`m{ yb`mj {mt mapma`n`h{ h {m kbjycmjmaphtmj m hb jm{jb pmjyb {m

mvkc}tmj kbjb }jh h{{bknhb# phc kbjb Jbtna &499;# y! ;7. mapma`m kbjb#

kbjycmjmapht"kbakbttmapm"haphoankh! ]jh h{{bknhb kbjycmvh `m na{paknh{

amkm{{tnh{# kbae}aphjmapm amkm{{tnh{ mvn{paknh# hb g}aknbahjmapb m hb

`m{mawbcwnjmapb }jh `h b}pth ah `ntmb `m }j gmajmab btohanuh`b!

;!0!4! B bymth`bt tmk}t{nwb

Phjdj mapma`n`b ybt Jbtna &499?# y! ?0. kbjb ytnaknynb `h tmk}t{b

btohanuhknbahc# tmjmpm hb napmtnbt `h{ kc}ch{ `b{ p}tdncfm{ `m Dtaht`!

M{{m mvmjycb kba{n{pm ah hycnkhb `m khcbt mj }jh khjh`h `m

cx}n`b m x}m ytb`}u h gbtjhb `m kc}ch{ `m kbawmkb! M{{h{

kc}ch{# ybtj hyhtmkmj# ybn{ m{{m {n{pmjh hgh{ph*{m `b m{ph`b `m

mx}ncdtnb kbttm{yba`mapm jha}pmab `}jh pmjymthp}th

}angbtjm! H gno}th h {mo}nt jb{pth }jh gbpbothgnh `h{ kc}ch{ `m

kbawmkb wn{}hcnuh`h{ `m knjh# ba`m {m abph h `n{yb{nb tmo}cht

`h{ kc}ch{ mj gbtjh fmvhobahc! Pmjb{ hx}n }j gmajmab pynkb

`m m{pt}p}thb kbttm{yba`ma`b h }j awmc mcmwh`b `m napmthb hb

awmc jbcmk}cht! &YTNOBONAM hy}` JBTNA#8>??# y!00.


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Wn{b {}ymtnbt `b{ p}tdncfm{ `m Daht ab `mphcfm }jh kc}ch `m kbawmkb!

H{{nj b{ P}tdncfm{ `m Dtaht` `mjba{pthj mvymtnjmaphcjmapmx}m gc}vb{ khcbtgnkb{# mj kba`nm{ `m gc}p}hb m `m

na{phdncn`h`m# b} {meh# `m `m{bt`mj# yb`mj ptha{gbtjht*{m

m{ybaphamhjmapm mj m{pt}p}th b} gbtjh btohanuh`h# kbjb {m

yb`m bd{mtwht ah gno}th 88 m ab w`mb `n{ybawmc ab ma`mtmb

fppy5""jnotm!jm";[Ag{hb {m bd{mtwht h{ kc}ch{ kbj wn{b chpmthc!

Wn{b chpmthc `h{ kc}ch{ `m kbawmkb

Kh`h jbjmapb `b napmtnbt `m{{h{ kc}ch{# phc kbjb ah{ pthemptnh{ ab{

hpthpbtm{ `m Cbtmau# {m jb{pthj kbjb }j ytbkm{{b ba`m b{ ytb`}pb{ m b{ mgmnpb{

{b hb jm{jb pmjyb kh}{h{ m ytb`}pbtm{ `b x}m b{ ytb`}u! Hb kbapttnb `h

kbakmyb `m x}m }jh kh}{h ytb`}u amkm{{htnhjmapm }j mgmnpb# m{{m ytnakynb

mapma`m x}m }jh kh}{h ytb`}u }j mgmnpb# x}m ybt {}h wmu nagc}maknh ah kh}{h m

x}m ytb`}u b mgmnpb m h{{nj ybt `nhapm!

H{{nj# a{# na`nw`}b{# {bjb{ b{ ytb`}pb{ `m }j {n{pmjh `mtmytb`}b x}m wmj `b naknb `b{ pmjyb{# jh{ m{{m {n{pmjh ab yb`m
http://migre.me/3SNfshttp://migre.me/3SNfshttp://migre.me/3SNfs


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{m tmytb`}unt {m a{ jm{jb{ ab ab{ pbtahtjb{ ytb`}pbtm{ kbj bhkh{hchjmapb! B{ na`nw`}b{ f}jhab{ ytb`}umj h {bknm`h`m ah{napmthm{ m ymch{ napmthm{# jh{ h {bknm`h`m# jm`n`h x}m mjmtom#ytb`}u h f}jhan`h`m `m{{m{ na`nw`}b{# gbtamkma`b*cfm{ h cnao}homjm h k}cp}th! &JBTNA# 499;# y! >=.

M{{h kbakmyb tmjmpm hb kbakmnpb `m kntk}chtn`h`m# ba`m {m hdtm h

yb{{ndncn`h`m `m x}m b{ kbafmknjmapb{ m hm{ pthdhcfh`h{ mj kbapmvpb{

btohanuhknbahn{ {m kbjybtpmj phc kbjb b x}m Jbtna kfhjh ybt hamc pmpthconkb#

bd{mtwh`b ah mjmtoaknh `h h}pb*btohanuhb kbj }j kntk}npb nttmwmt{nwmcjmapm

m{ynthcn`m!

M{{m ytnakynb mapma`m x}m phapb h mjytm{h x}hapb b{ pthdhcfh`btm{

kba{ptbmj# b} jmcfbt# {mjytm tmkba{ptbmj {m}{ kbafmknjmapb{ mj jbwnjmapb

tmgcmvnwb# }pncnuha`b yma{hjmapb {bdtm b yma{hjmapb!

H{{nj# yb`mjb{ wn{c}jdtht x}m b yma{hjmapb kbjycmvb }j

yma{hjmapb x}m {m bym hb yma{hjmapb thknbahcn{ph"khtpm{nhab# ba`m b{ {mtm{

f}jhab{ {b omamthcnuh`b{ hb{ {mtm{*jx}nah{# b} {meh# h }jh mapn`h`m jmkankh#

htpmghpb m tmcbebmnth! @m{{h gbtjh mapma`m*{m x}m# hb kbapttnb `b yma{hjmapb

thknbahcn{ph*khtpm{nhab# phapb b{ pthdhcfh`btm{ x}hapb h mjytm{h {b kbakmdn`b{

kbjb ytvnkb{# ybnpnkb{# h}pb*mkb*btohanuh`b{ ba`m {m w ybt }j ytbkm{{b

{njdnpnkb!

;!0!;! B bymth`bt fbcbothjpnkb

Bymth`bt x}m ab{ `ntmknbah h wn{b `m ab {myhthb `h yhtpm kbj b pb`b#

ybn{ `m{{h jhamnth {m mapma`m x}m ah wmt`h`m h yhtpm {m makbapth ab pb`b# h{{nj

kbjb b pb`b {m makbapth ah yhtpm! B fbcbothjh# h{{nj# mapma`n`b kbjb }j

ybapb ankb x}m kbapj mj {n h pbphcn`h`m# b} {meh# b pthdhcfh`bt# mj {}h

{nao}chtn`h`m# kbapj mj {n h ytm{mah `h mjytm{h kbjb }j pb`b m wnkm*wmt{h!

]jh tmkbttaknh tmchknbah`h h m{{m bymth`bt yb`m {mt wn{ph ab ghpb `m x}m h

mjytm{h ytb`}u b pthdhcfh`bt# x}m ytb`}u h mjytm{h m h{{nj ybt `nhapm &JBTNA#

4997# y! 899.!

@h jm{jh gbtjh yb`m*{m k}cpnwht h n`mnh `m }an`h`m{ kbjycmvh{#

ba`m b{ pthdhcfh`btm{ {b mapma`n`b{ kbjb {}emnpb{j}cpn`njma{nbahn{! Bd{mtwh x}m b{ pthdhcfh`btm{ m {m}{ hjdnmapm{


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&kba{pnp}`b{ `m {}emnpb{ m bdempb{. {b kbamkph`b{

gmabjmankhjmapm m `m{{h gbtjh hjdb{ b{ pthdhcfh`btm{ m h

mjytm{hpma`m h hytm{mapht pthb{ kbj}a{ b} n{bjtgnkb{# kbjb

h`jnpn`b ab kbakmnpb `m mwbc}b `m{phkh`b ybt Wnmnth &4997# y!

80. hb mapma`mt x}m b {mt f}jhab b {}emnpbmjmton} m mwbc}n}#

hgnahc# `b hjdnmapm!

@m{{h jhamnth# }j {}emnpb x}m }j ytb`}pb `b hjdnmapm m mj {}h

btohanuhb makbapth*{m# ymcb jmab{# yhtpm b} yn{ph{ `h btohanuhb hjdnmaphc! H

abb `m {}emnpb { pbjh {mapn`b mj mkb{{n{pmjh{ &kbjb b ahp}thc# b {bknhc# b

ghjncnht# b m{kbcht mpk!. m `mwm {mt napmoth`h a}j jmph{{n{pmjh# ybn{ b{ {mtm{

f}jhab{ kbafmkmj b j}a`b hpthw{ `h{ jma{homa{ ptha{jnpn`h{ ybt {m}{

{mapn`b{ hp {m}{ ktmdtb{! Ybtphapb# mapma`m*{m x}m b j}a`b {m makbapth# ah

wmt`h`m# ytm{mapm ab napmtnbt `h jmapm `m kh`h ym{{bh# m x}m ybt {}h wmu x}m m{p

ab napmtnbt `m{{m j}a`b `m gbtjh fbcbothjpnkh!

B ytnakynb fbcbothjpnkb# `m{{h gbtjh# pmj whcbt `m }jh h}pb*mkb*

btohanuhb# ybn{ {mo}a`b Jbtna &499?# y! 66. tm{{hcph5

&!!!. h{{nj kbjb h x}hcn`h`m `h njhomj fbcbothjpnkh m{p cnoh`h hb

ghpb `m x}m kh`h ybapb yb{{}n h x}h{m*pbphcn`h`m `h nagbtjhb `bpb`b# `b jm{jb jb`b# `m kmtph jhamnth# b pb`b# max}hapb pb`b `m x}mghumjb{ yhtpm# m{p ytm{mapm mj ab{{h jmapm!

]j mvmjycb `m{{m mgmnpb fbcbothjpnkb yb`m {mt wn{pb mj }jh gno}th

gthkphc# kbjb ab kbae}apb `m Jha`mcdtbp!

M{{h gno}th# mvytnjm }j {n{pmjh kbjycmvb m x}m {m jb{pth ymtkmypwmc hb

[mx}aknh `mubbj `b kbae}apb `m Jha`mcdtbp


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{m hycnkht }j ubbj {bdtm x}hcx}mt ubah ytvnjh h gtbapmnth `b kbae}apb! M{{h

hytbvnjhb tmwmch }j yhabthjh `m kbjycnkh`h{ m{pt}p}th{ ombjptnkh{# jh{ x}m

`mabph ybt }jh {mjmcfhah maptm b pb`b m h{ yhtpm{!

M{{h `najnkh yb`m {mt wn{}hcnuh`h ah {mx}aknh `m ubbjgmnpb ah gno}th 0 b} ab w`mb ytm{mapm ab cnal

fppy5""jnotm!jm";[J>~

H{{nj# kbj b bymth`bt fbcbothjpnkb {m yb`m mapma`mt x}m b yma{hjmapb

kbjycmvb # ah wmt`h`m# }jh gmtthjmaph mgnknmapm yhth }j `m{wmcht `n{e}am{ m

kba{mx}mapmjmapm `ntmknbaht h tmgcmvm{ yhth h `m{gthojmaphb `h tmhcn`h`m

mjytm{htnhc khckh`h ab yma{hjmapb thknbahcn{ph"khtpm{nhab! ]j yma{hjmapb x}m

yb`m ab{ na`nkht x}m h{ amkm{{n`h`m{ mjytm{htnhn{ m h{ amkm{{n`h`m{ ym{{bhn{ `b{

pthdhcfh`btm{ `mwmj {mt wn{ph{ kbjb kbjybamapm{ `m }jh tmchb `nhconkh#

tmk}t{nwh m fbcbothjpnkh! Ybtphapb# }jh tmchb {njdnpnkh maptm mjytm{h m {m}{

pthdhcfh`btm{!

Jh{ x}m phc wbcphtjb{ x}m{pb hapmtnbtjmapm chah`h5 jh{ kbjb d}{kht

}j ybapb {hpn{ghptnb yhth m{{m ebob `m gbth{ `m{ktnpb ah gno}th h {mo}nt2
http://migre.me/3SM9yhttp://migre.me/3SM9yhttp://migre.me/3SM9y


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Kbap}`b# yb`mjb{ kbakc}nt x}m {m h{ mjytm{h{ m phjdj {m}{

pthdhcfh`btm{ mapma`mtmj x}m h tmchb maptm hjdb{ `nhconkh# tmk}t{nwh m

fbcbothjpnkh# kmtphjmapm dbh{ {bc}m{ yb`mj {mt makbapth`h{!

Wbk e `mwm pmt wn{pb x}m mjytm{h{ `m {}km{{b ab jmnbpmkabconkb pj h`bph`b }jh abwh gbtjh `m pthdhcfb mj {}h{

na{phchm{! Mjytm{h{ kbjb b Obbocm# ^b} P}dm m b Ghkmdbbl pj

}jh tmchb kbj {m}{ pthdhcfh`btm{ dmj `ngmtmapm `b x}m {m wnh

pth`nknbahcjmapm ab jmnb mjytm{htnhc!

M{{h tmhcjmapm }jh tmchb ba`m {m yb`m wn{c}jdtht# hpthw{ `b{

bymth`btm{ `h kbjycmvn`h`m# x}m pthdhcfh`btm{ m mjytm{h mx}hknbahj dmj m `m

gbtjh {njdnpnkh# {}h{ amkm{{n`h`m{!

Wbk e `mwm kbafmkmt b} b}wn} ghcht `m mjytm{h{ ba`m {m w }jh

{njdnb{m ba`m f `nhcbonh# tmk}t{nwn`h`m m fbcbothgnh! Knpm }jh

mjytm{h kbj phn{ khthkpmt{pnkh{ m `m{ktmwh {}knaphjmapm phc

{njdnb{m pma`b b{ bymth`btm{ `b yma{hjmapb kbjycmvb kbjb

{}{pmaphb hto}jmaphpnwh!


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@m{{h gbtjh# yb`mjb{ ab{ na`hoht# `maptb `m{{m kbapmvpb `m {njdnb{m

maptm mjytm{h m pthdhcfh`btm{# x}hn{ {mtnhj h{ jmcfbtm{ gbapm{ m jpb`b{ yhth h

n`mapngnkhb `h{ amkm{{n`h`m{ `m ptmnahjmapb m `m{mawbcwnjmapb `m ym{{bhc ah{btohanuhm{! Gbapm{ m jpb`b{ x}m yb{{hj ybpmaknhcnuht phc {n{pmjh {njdnpnkb

ab {mapn`b `m }jh jhnbt mgnknaknh gtmapm h }jh tmhcn`h`m mj kba{phapm{

ptha{j}phm{!

;!=!Gbapm{ `m N`mapngnkhb `h{ Amkm{{n`h`m{ `m

Hytma`nuhomj m @m{mawbcwnjmapb{

Wnjb{ hp hx}n x}m h{ btohanuhm{ x}m {m jb{pthj jhn{ mgnknmapm{ ah

hp}hc mth `b kbafmknjmapb {b ah wmt`h`m kbjb btohan{jb{ wnwb{# ba`m {m}{

pthdhcfh`btm{ {b wn{pb{ kbjb kba{pnp}napm{ `m tob{ x}m napmthomj maptm {n m

kbj b pb`b ab {mapn`b `m }jh h}pb*mkb*btohanuhb! Kbap}`b# }jh x}m{pb

njybtphapm m{p tmchknbah`h kbj h jha}pmab# b} kba{phapm tmabwhb# `m{{m

btohan{jb gtmapm { `mjha`h{ `m }jh tmhcn`h`m mj kba{phapm{ j}phm{!

Wbk e b}wn} b{ {mo}napm{ `numtm{2

B ankb kbafmknjmapb x}m pmj {m jb{pth`b naphkpb ah hp}hcn`h`m

b x}m pb`b{ b{ kbafmknjmapb{ pma`mj h {mt &tm.{noangnkh`b{ kbj

b yh{{ht `b pmjyb!

Ybn{ ab f {n{pmjh m`}khknbahc# ybt jhn{ ymtgmnpb x}m {meh# khyhu `m

ma{naht }j na`nw`}b kbj jhn{ `m 4= hab{ `m n`h`m p}`b hx}ncb x}m mcm pmt `m

kbafmkmt `}thapm {}h wn`h ytbgn{{nbahc# ybn{ kbjb `m{phkh [njba{ma5

Ybt pb`b b tm{pb `h wn`h b na`nw`}b ytmkn{ht hp}hcnuht*{m kbj k}t{b{`m tmknkchomj! &!!!. E x}m b ma{nab gbtjhc ab kba{mo}nt {mt }j knkcbgmkfh`b# khyhu `m ma{naht hb na`nw`}b p}`b b x}m ytmkn{ht m{p}`htyhth b mvmtkknb `h {}h ytbgn{{b# mcm `mwm {napbanuht*{m kbj b}ptbbdempnwb jhnbt5 ma{naht h hytma`mt! &[NJBA[MA hy}` PMTTH# 499=#y!80?.

M{{m }j yma{hjmapb x}m ab{ kba`}u hb mapma`njmapb `m x}m h{

btohanuhm{ ytmkn{hj# kba{phapmjmapm# hp}hcnuht {}h{ gbtjh{ `m kba{pt}b#tm{noangnkhb# hycnkhb m hwhcnhb `m {m}{ kbafmknjmapb{! B} {meh# ytmkn{hj


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tmwmt ymtjhamapmjmapm kbjb h{ ym{{bh{ x}m h{ kba{pnp}mj m{pb pthdhcfha`b m

kbjyhtpncfha`b {m}{ kbafmknjmapb{! H{{nj# yb`mjb{ ab{ dh{mht mj hco}jh{

x}m{pm{ cmwhaph`h{ ybt Pmtth &499=# y! 806. yhth x}m {meh yb{{wmc cmwhapht h{

amkm{{n`h`m{ `m hytma`nuhomj m `m{mawbcwnjmapb ah{ btohanuhm{ ab{ `nh{ `m

fbem5

Kbjb `m{makh`mht b ytbkm{{b `m h}pb*hytma`nuhomj2

Kbjb pbtaht h hytma`nuhomj }j ytbkm{{b kbcmpnwb# ab

{mapn`b `m x}m ab { h{ ym{{bh{ {mehj hytma`mapm{# jh{ h

btohanuhb {meh phjdj }jh hytma`mapm2

Kbjb yb`mjb{ h}jmapht h khyhkn`h`m ktnhpnwh m `m h}pb*hytma`nuhomj `h{ ym{{bh{ jm`nhapm ytbothjh{ `m

khyhknphb2

Kbjb khyhknphm{ yb`mj {mt mgnkhum{2 Ptmnaht b}

ytbjbwmt h hytma`nuhomj2

Pb`h{ m{{h{ x}m{pm{ `m{{m kfmkl*cn{p# {mj {bjdth `m `wn`h# yb`mj ab{

`ntmknbaht hb mapma`njmapb `m x}m hp}hcjmapm h{ btohanuhm{ x}m jhn{ {m`m{phkhj ab jmtkh`b m{pb hdha`baha`b b yhth`nojh `b ptmnahjmapb yhth b

yhth`nojh `h hytma`nuhomj!

yhth`b yhth`nojh

`bptmnahjmapb

b yhth`nojh`h

hytma`nuhomj


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M{{h ptbkh `m yhth`nojh{ pmj {m jb{pth`b ytm{mapm# ybn{ h{ btohanuhm{5

E ab kba{mo}mj `mpmtjnaht# kmapthcjmapm# x}hn{ {b pb`h{ h{

fhdncn`h`m{ m kbjympaknh{ x}m kh`h tmh b} g}aknbatnb ytmkn{h`m{mawbcwmt! Am{{m yhth`nojh mjmtomapm# khdm { mjytm{h{ gbtamkmtb{ tmk}t{b{ h`mx}h`b{ &pmjyb m `nafmntb.# ktnht hjdnmapm{ x}mm{pnj}cmj m ytbjbwhj whcbtm{ tmchknbah`b{ hb ktm{knjmapb ym{{bhc mhb ptmnahjmapb ba pfm ebd! Hcj `n{{b# b kbjyhtpncfhjmapb `mkbafmknjmapb# {meh mcm napmtab b} mvpmtab# gbtjhcnuh`b b} ab# ab{yhtmkm }j `b{ ytnaknyhn{ `m{hgnb{ btohanuhknbahn{! Ybt gnj# am{{mabwb yhth`nojh# b{ tm{}cph`b{ `b{ ptmnahjmapb{ ytmkn{hj {mthahcn{h`b{ `m jhamnth j}npb jhn{ fbc{pnkh# b} {meh# hwhcnh*{m b`m{mjymafb m h kbaptnd}nb `b{ g}aknbatnb{ yhth b {}km{{b `hmjytm{h! &PMTTH# 499=# y! 806.

]jh byb x}m pmj {m jb{pth`b j}npb mgnknmapm yhth b hymtgmnbhjmapb

b x}m {m `mabjnah ybt om{pb ybt kbjympaknh{! M{{m }jh jb`mcb x}m whn ah

`ntmb `b x}m `n{k}pnjb{ gtmapm {njdnb{m maptm amkm{{n`h`m{ ym{{bhn{ m

amkm{{n`h`m{ mjytm{htnhn{! M{{m jb`mcb pmj {n`b }pncnuh`b# ymch{ btohanuhm{ mj

{}d{pnp}nb hb{ hapnob{ jb`mcb{ `m ptmnahjmapb{! [mo}a`b &DBTOM[*

HA@TH@M< HDDH@< JB]TB# 4997# y! >?.5

&!!!. b jb`mcb `h om{pb `m kbjympaknh{ ytbym*{m h napmotht mbtnmapht m{gbtb{# {bdtmp}`b b{ tmchknbah`b{ om{pb `m ym{{bh{# yhth

`m{mawbcwmt m {}{pmapht kbjympaknh{ kba{n`mth`h{ g}a`hjmaphn{ kba{mk}b `b{ bdempnwb{ btohanuhknbahn{! Am{{m kbapmvpb# h abb `mptncfh `m hytma`nuhomj {}tom kbjb m{pthponh yhth ytbjbwmt b`m{mawbcwnjmapb `m kbjympaknh{ m pmj kbjb tmgmtaknh ab { h{mvymkphpnwh{ `h btohanuhb# jh{ phjdj kbawmanaknh{#amkm{{n`h`m{# `m{mjymafb{ m h{ynthm{ ytbgn{{nbahn{ `h{ ym{{bh{!

B jb`mcb `h om{pb `m kbjympaknh{# `m{{h gbtjh#

pmj {m jb{pth`b }jh hb njybtphapm yhth mcmakht

x}hcn`h`m khyhknphb `b{ pthdhcfh`btm{ `m }jhbtohanuhb# ybn{ kbjytmma`m ymch `nhcbonkn`h`m#

tmk}t{nwn`h`m m fbcbothgnh maptm kbchdbth`btm{ m

mjytm{h!


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=9


0!Khyhknphb# hymtgmnbhjmapb m x}hcn`h`m

JMPH @M[PH ]AN@H@M

Mvycbtht h{ yb{{ndncn`h`m{ bgmtmkn`h{ ybt pkankh{ m m{pthponh{ yhth h khyhknphb#

hymtgmnbhjmapb m `m{mawbcwnjmapb `m kbjympaknh{ ah{ btohanuhm{ `b {k}cb

VVN ab {mapn`b `h x}hcn`h`m!

BDEMPNWB[ @M[PH ]AN@H@MM{ymthjb{ x}m# hy{ b m{p}`b `m{ph }an`h`m# wbk {meh khyhu `m5

8! Khpmobtnuht ktnpnkhjmapm ybt pkankh{ m m{pthponh{ yhth h khyhknphb#

hymtgmnbhjmapb `m kbjympaknh{ ah{ btohanuhm{ `b {k}cb VVN ab

{mapn`b `h x}hcn`h`m!

4! Hwhcnht tmk}t{b{ gtmapm hb{ bdempnwb{ `m hytma`nuhomj yhth b

`m{mawbcwnjmapb `m kbjympaknh{ btohanuhknbahn{ ah mth `b

kbafmknjmapb!

Khyhknphb# hymtgmnbhjmapb m

x}hcn`h`m


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=8


H mchdbthb k}n`h`b{h `m }j ychab yhth h khyhknphb `m ym{{bh{ pmj {m

jb{pth`b kbjb h jhn{ mgnknmapm m{pthponh `h{ btohanuhm{ ah kfhjh`h mth `b

kbafmknjmapb! ]jh m{pthponh x}m {m jb{pth g}a`hjmaphc yhth {m hpnaont h pbhcjmeh`h x}hcn`h`m `m {}h hp}hb# {meh mj ytb`}pb{ b} {mtwnb{!

0!8! Pkankh{ m m{pthponh{ `m hytma`nuhomj

H{{nj# }jh napmtm{{hapm byb `m {n{pmjhpnuhb `m pkankh{ m m{pthponh{

`m khyhknphb mj ytbc `m hytma`nuhomj# mcmakh`h kbj p}`b b x}m e m{phjb{

`n{k}pna`b am{pm pthdhcfb h Ptncfh `m Hytma`nuhomj!

M{{h ptncfh {m jb{pth# kbjb {m tmgmtm Cm Dbpmtg &8>>>.# phc

kbjb b m{phdmcmknjmapb `m }jh tbph `m ahwmohb! Ybn{ {m

mapma`m x}m# kbjb ahwmoh`btm{ x}m pj mj {}h{ jb{ h{ khtph{

ombotgnkh{# d{{bch m nagbtjhm{ jmpmbtbconkh{# kh`h

ytbgn{{nbahc pj }j jhyh `m bybtp}an`h`m{ `n{ybawmn{ yhth x}m

{m m{kbcfh x}hc khjnafb {mo}nt m ba`m x}mt kfmoht!

Cm Dbpmtg &8>>>. `m{phkh pt{ pnyb{ `m bym{ `m hytma`nuhomj5


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=4


H{{nj# yb`m*{m mapma`mt x}m ytbgn{{nbahn{ kbj h{ jm{jh{ hptnd}nm{#

kbj napmtm{{m{ {mjmcfhapm{ m pthdhcfha`b a}jh jm{jh btohanuhb# yb`mj

{mo}nt ybt khjnafb{ ymt{bahcnuh`b{! M{{h h otha`m `ngmtmah x}m h{ ptncfh{ `m

hytma`nuhomj gtmapm { oth`m{ `m ptmnahjmapb!

Yhth yb`mtjb{ mapma`mt jmcfbt x}m `m kbjyhtht h j}`hah `b yhth`nojh

`b ptmnahjmapb yhth b `h hytma`nuhomj pmjb{ }j x}h`tb kbjyhthpnwb h {mo}nt5

Whtnwmc Yhth`nojh `bPtmnahjmapb Yhth`nojh `h Hytma`nuhomj

Wn{b `b ytbkm{{b`m hytma`nuhomj

}j ytbkm{{bm{ptnphjmapm thknbahc.

B x}m ab{ tmjmpmj hb{ K`nob{ `h Jb`mtan`h`m# `b gnc{bgb m m`}kh`bt

kbcbjdnhab Dmtaht`b Pbtb# x}m `mgnam h{ khyhkn`h`m{ m kbjympaknh{ janjh{

yhth yhtpnknyhb ytb`}pnwh ab {k}cb VVN5

&!!!. `bjanb `h cmnp}th m `h m{ktnph< khyhkn`h`m `m ghumt kck}cb{ m `mtm{bcwmt ytbdcmjh{< khyhkn`h`m `m hahcn{ht# {napmpnuht m napmtytmpht


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=6


`h`b{# ghpb{ m {np}hm{< khyhkn`h`m `m kbjytmma`mt m hp}ht mj{m} mapbtab {bknhc< tmkmdmt ktnpnkhjmapm b{ jmnb{ `m kbj}ankhb.

@maptb `m{{h ymt{ymkpnwh f x}m kba{n`mtht# phc kbjb maghpnuh J}ccmt

&499>.# x}m b ktm{knjmapb wmtpnonab{b `h ytm{mah `h pmkabcbonh# ytnaknyhcjmapm

`m jmnb{ mcmptankb{ `m kbj}ankhb m `m `ng}{b `b kbafmknjmapb# }j ghpbt

na`n{yma{wmc yhth h ybpmaknhcnuhb `h `n{ptnd}nb m kbjyhtpncfhjmapb ab

ytbkm{{b `h khyhknphb# hymtgmnbhjmapb `h{ ym{{bh{ mj }jh btohanuhb!

@m hkbt`b kbj Gtmnph{ hy}` J}ccmt &499>.5

&!!!. ktm{kmapm b }{b `m pmkabcbonh{ ymch{ btohanuhm{#

bybtp}anuha`b jhnbt honcn`h`m ah gbtjhb# h`b x}m f m{kh{{mu `mytbgn{{nbahn{ hypb{ h hpma`mt h{ amkm{{n`h`m{ `b jmtkh`b!

H{{nj# hna`h `m hkbt`b kbj Gtmnph{# ymtkmdm*{m x}m#

am{{m khjnafb# h hytma`nuhomj m h kbttmph }pncnuhb

`m{ph{ pmkabcbonh{ ytbybtknbahj dmamgknb{ `m

bt`mj ytpnkh# `maptm b}pth{ ab m{pj}cb m`}khb

ytbgn{{nbahc m kbapna}h`h< ah kba{pt}b m `ng}{b

tyn`h `h{ jmcfbtm{ ytpnkh{ m ytbkm`njmapb{ `h

btohanuhb< ah tmhcnuhb `m tm}anm{# khyhknphm{

m hymtgmnbhjmapb h `n{paknh! @m{{h gbtjh {m ghu

njybtphapm wn{c}jdthtjb{ h{ yb{{ndncn`h`m{ `h

}pncnuhb `h{ abwh pmkabcbonh{ `h{ nagbtjhb m

kbj}ankhb &APNK{. yhth h khyhknphb m b

hymtgmnbhjmapb# }jh ytpnkh e dmj {bcn`ngnkh`h mjytbothjh{ `m M`}khb h @n{paknh &Mh@.!


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=>


=! Khyhknphb m hymtgmnbhjmapb `n{paknh!

JMPH @M[PH ]AN@H@M

Nanknht h tmgcmvb# `m gbtjh kbapmvp}hcnuh`h# {bdtm h khyhknphb m

hymtgmnbhjmapb tmhcnuh`b h `n{paknh# ab {mapn`b `h ktnhb `m m{yhb{ wntp}hn{ `m

ma{nab m hytma`nuhomj! M{yhb{ x}m ytbynknhj b `m{mawbcwnjmapb m b

omtmaknhjmapb `m ytbothjh{ `m ma{nab m hytma`nuhomj kbchdbthpnwb{ ybt jmnb `h

napmothb `m gmtthjmaph{ ghwbtwmn{ khyhknphb m b hymtgmnbhjmapb `m

ym{{bh{ x}m kba{pnp}mj h{ btohanuhm{ kbapmvp}hcnuh`h{ kbjb h kfhjh`h mth `b

kbafmknjmapb!



8! Kbj ktnpnkn`h`m# bcfht yhth h khyhknphb m hymtgmnbhjmapb mj hpnwn`h`m{

h `n{paknh kbjb }jh gmtthjmaph yhth h gbtjhb m `m{mawbcwnjmapb `m

ym{{bh{ ah{ btohanuhm{!

4! Mjdh{ht h{ tmgcmvm{ ybt {bdtm h{ pmkabcbonh{ `h nagbtjhb m

kbj}ankhb mj kbapmvpb{ m`}khknbahn{ yhth h om{pb `b kbafmknjmapb ah

hp}hcn`h`m!

Khyhknphb m hymtgmnbhjmapb `n{paknh


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Yhth ab{ {np}htjb{ gtmapm }pncnuhb `h{ APNK{ mj ytbothjh{ `m

hymtgmnbhjmapb m khyhknphb `m ytbgn{{nbahn{# yb`mjb{ knpht hco}jh{ `h{

whaphoma{ `m {m }pncnuht m{{h jb`hcn`h`m {mo}a`b Jbbtm ' Lmht{cm~ &499?# y!96.5

Whaphoma{ gtmapm Cbkhcnuhb5

b hpma`njmapb h ytbgn{{nbahn{ `n{ymt{b{ ombothgnkhjmapm m#

mj yhtpnk}cht# hb{ x}m {m makbapthj mj ubah{ ymtngtnkh{ m

x}m ab `n{ymj `m tm`m{ `m na{pnp}nm{ kbawmaknbahn{>># y! 4;*40.5

@MYHTPHJMAPB @M P'@ H[YMKPB ]ANWMT[N@H@M KBTYBTHPNWH

Tmhpnwb Gbkb Ytbhpnwb

Gthojmaph`h m@m{kmapthcnuh`h

Btohanuhb Kbm{h m Kmapthcnuh`h

Ppnkb Hckhakm M{pthponkb

Yb}kb"Amaf}j Ma`b{{b"

Tm{yba{hdncn`h`mH`jnan{pthb m G}aknbatnb{

Na{pt}pbtHytm{maphb

Mvymtnaknh{ kbj Wtnh{Pmkabcbonh{

@ntmpbt `m Ptmnahjmapb Tm{yba{wmc Omtmapm `m ]an`h`m `m Amoknb{

Ydcnkb*Hcwb Hjycb"Ytbg}a`n`h`m Cnjnph`h

H}`naknh

K}ttk}cb Ymt{bahcnuh`b ybtGhjcnh{

`m Khtob

Na{ktnm{ Hdmtph{ Na{ktnm{Hytma`nuhomj ab Jbjmapb

Kmtpb

H}jmapb `h{X}hcngnkhm{Ytbgn{{nbahn{

Tm{}cph`bH}jmapb `b @m{mjymafb ab

Pthdhcfb

Bymth kbjb G}abH`jnan{pthpnwh

BymthbBymth kbjb ]an`h`m `m

Amoknb{

W yhth bPtmnahjmapb

Njhomj]anwmt{n`h`m kbjb Jmpgbth `m

Hytma`nuh`b

@nph`b ymcb@myhtphjmapb `m

PtmnahjmapbJhtlmpnao Wma`h {bd kba{}cph


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?=


Pma`b mj wn{ph h{ `ngmtmah{# hapmtnbtjmapm `m{phkh`h{ maptm b

`myhtphjmapb `m P'@ m b kbakmnpb `m ]anwmt{n`h`m{ Kbtybthpnwh{#

cno}m h{ kbc}ah{5

@myhtphjmapb `m P'@ *

kmapthcnuh h{ {bc}m{ `m hytma`nuh`b

m{pthponkh{ yhth kh`h ghjcnh `m

khtob{ m g}am{ `maptb `h

btohanuhb!

]anwmt{n`h`m Kbtybthpnwh *

pma`m h {mt tmhpnwb# `m{kmapthcnuh`b#

kbj wn{ph{ h hpnaont }j otha`mydcnkb# kbj }jh whtnm`h`m `m

ytbothjh{ hdmtpb{ amj {mjytm

wbcph`b{ yhth h {bc}b `m ytbdcmjh{

`h btohanuhb!

Wbk hkmtpb}# {m wbk tm{yba`m} x}m b `myhtphjmapb `m ptmnahjmapb {mjb{pth h {mt tmhpnwb# `m{kmapthcnuh`b# kbj wn{ph{ h hpnaont }j otha`m ydcnkb# kbj

}jh whtnm`h`m `m ytbothjh{ hdmtpb{ m x}m amj {mjytm pthumj {bc}m{

m{ymkgnkh{ hb{ ytbdcmjh{ `h btohanuhb!

H{{nj# kba{mx}mapmjmapm# yb`mjb{ mapma`mt x}m b kbakmnpb `m

]anwmt{n`h`m Kbtybthpnwh pma`m h kmapthcnuht h{ {bc}m{ `m hytma`nuhomj

m{pthponkh{ yhth kh`h ahp}tmuh `m khtob{ m g}am{ `maptb `h btohanuhb!

Maptmphapb m{{m kbakmnpb whn hcj# ybn{5

\!!!Z m`}kht mj }jh {bknm`h`m `h nagbtjhb {noangnkh j}npb jhn{ x}mptmnaht ym{{bh{ yhth b }{b `h{ pmkabcbonh{ `h nagbtjhb mkbj}ankhb5 pthph*{m `m nawm{pnt ah ktnhb `m kbjympaknh{{}gnknmapmjmapm hjych{ x}m Nfm{ ymtjnphj pmt }jh hp}hb mgmpnwh ahytb`}b `m dma{ m {mtwnb{# pbjht `mkn{m{ g}a`hjmaph`h{ abkbafmknjmapb# bymtht kbj gc}aknh b{ abwb{ jmnb{ m gmtthjmaph{ mj{m} pthdhcfb# dmj kbjb hycnkht ktnhpnwhjmapm h{ abwh{ j`nh{# {mehmj }{b{ {njycm{ m tbpnamntb{# {meh mj hycnkhm{ jhn{ {bgn{pnkh`h{!Pthph*{m phjdj `m gbtjht b{ na`nw`}b{ yhth hytma`mt h hytma`mt#`m jb`b h {mtmj khyhum{ `m cn`ht yb{npnwhjmapm kbj h kbapna}h m

hkmcmth`h ptha{gbtjhb `h dh{m pmkabconkh! &PHLHFH[FN# 4999# y!0=.


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@m{{h gbtjh yb`m*{m mapma`mt x}m h m`}khb# j}npb jhn{ x}m }j {njycm{

ptmnahjmapb# `maptb `h{ btohanuhm{ kbapmvp}hcnuh`h{ kbj h tmhcn`h`m `b {k}cb

VVN pma`m h {mt hcob g}a`hjmaphc ab { yhth b `m{mawbcwnjmapb `m kbjympaknh{

ytbgn{{nbahn{# jh{ yhth }jh kba{pt}b `m }jh {bknm`h`m jhn{ e}{ph phjdj!

7!;! Pthdhcfh`btm{ hytma`mapm{

Ah mth `b kbafmknjmapb# h{ ym{{bh{ `m }jh btohanuhb ytmkn{hj {mt#

hknjh `m p}`b# HYTMA@MAPM[! Jm{jb {m m{{h khthkpmt{pnkh ab gbt kba{pt}`h

ymcb ytbkm{{b `m gbtjhb nanknhc hapmtnbt hb naotm{{b ah btohanuhb# ybtjbpnwb{ `nwmt{b{# b{ ytbothjh{ `m hymtgmnbhjmapb m khyhknphb `maptb `h{

mjytm{h{ `mwmj# ab maphapb# ytnjht ybt }jh m`}khb ab {mapn`b `h kba{phapm

hytma`nuhomj! Hytma`nuhomj x}m yb{{ndncnpm x}m b{ ytbgn{{nbahn{ yb{{hj h{{}jnt

abwb{ yhyn{# {m h`hypha`b h abwb{ ytbkm{{b{ m fhdncn`h`m{!

H khyhkn`h`m `m hpnwht h napmcnoaknh# h ktnhpnwn`h`m m h mamtonh`h{ mx}nym{ a}akh gbn pb ytnjbt`nhc# mvnona`b }j hytma`nuh`b

kbapna}b x}m `m{mawbcwh x}hcngnkhm{ kh`h wmu jhn{ hjych{ m

tmgnah`h{! &J]CCMT# 499># y! 87.

H h}pbth hapmtnbtjmapm knph`h# hna`h `m{phkh x}m b yt

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