estudio del trabajo

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8

Jfxfefih . bieikjhxk bk 8767ICBIEK

I Mkckxfnibfbku 5I#6# C`jhxk ` xfqõc uèifn 5I#8# Xkuköf diurõxief bk nf kjwxkuf 56#5# Rfjfö` bk nf kjwxkuf 2I#2# R{xcù bk rxfhfa` ;I#;# Nèfniqfeiõc ;I#<# Wxiceiwfnku wx`b{erù v{k lfhxief <I#=# Wx`|kkb`xku wxiceiwfnku <I#4# Enikcrku wxiceiwfnku =I#9# @xmfciqfeiõc =II Wxèku` nnk|fbù f efh` w`x nf kjwxkuf 4

II#6 Bixkeri|` 4II#8# Jkb{nfxku 9II#5 Fw`y` 9III Jfwf bk wxèkuù 67I\ Efbkcf bk |fn`x wfxf nù wxèkuù bk nf kjwxkuf 66\ Wxèku` uknkeei`cfb` wfxf kn kur{bi` bkn rxfhfa` 66\I Bifmxfjf WKWUE bkn wxèku` uknkeei`cfb` 68\II Bifmxfjf bk xke`xxib` 65\III Ln{a`mxfjf bk wxèkbijikcr` 62TI Bifmxfjf bk ln{a` bkn wxèku` 62T Kur{bi` bk rikjwù 6<

TI J{kurxk` bkn rxfhfa` 82TII Fcæniuiu `wkxfei`cfn 89TIII C{k|` jér`b` bk rxfhfa` 52TI\ \kcrfafu bkn jér`b` wx`w{kur` u`hxk kn jér`b` fcrkxi`x 5<

E`cen{ui`cku 54Hihni`mxflêf 59



5

MKCKXFNIBFBKU

I#6# C`jhxk bk nf kjwxkuf ` Xfqõc Uèifn

ICB[URXIFU \KCKNFERK@U. E#F#

I#8# Xkuköf diurõxief bk nf kjwxkuf

Nf kjwxkuf ICB[URXIFU \KCKNFERK@U l{k l{cbfbf kc 69=2. w`x kn Ux#

N{ef Jkqqfwkuf# Icieif u{u `wkxfei`cku fw`yfbf w`x nf ktwkxikceif bk

u{ b{kö` v{ikc fcrkxi`xjkcrk dfhêf wfxrieiwfb` kc wxèkuù bk

lfhxiefeiõc bk v{kuù# Kn wxijkx wx`b{er` lfhxiefb` l{k kn v{ku`

j`qqfxknnf#

Nfu |kcrfu uk xkfniqfhfc bk efuf kc efuf. e`c {c wkv{kö` efjiõc v{k

dfeêf kn xke`xxib` w`x nf ei{bfb#

Fer{fnjkcrk uk df fjwnifb` e`cuibkxfhnkjkcrk nf `lkxrf bk wx`b{erù y

kc nù ñnrijù 57 föù dfc ib` ktwfcbiécbùk f ci|kn xkmi`cfn y

cfei`cfn. w{ku df mfcfb` enikcrku ijw`xrfcrku#

Kn wxijkx wxèku` bk lfhxiefeiõc kxf r`rfnjkcrk jfc{fn y f rxf|éu bk nù

föù nf mkxkceif mkckxfn kc jfcù bk B`jkcie` Jkqqfwkuf df

icrx`b{eib` j`bkxciqfei`cku kc u{u wxèkuù bk lfhxiefeiõc y kjwfv{k.

wkxjirikcb` nf |fxikbfb y jka`x e`cukx|feiõc bk u{u wx`b{erù#

U{ ukbk wxiceiwfn df uib` uikjwxk kc Ufcrf Xùf bk Fm{f. F|kcibf

jinfmx` c`xrk. wkx` f rxf|éu bk nù föù kurfu icurfnfei`cku dfc uib`

jka`xfbfu uimciliefri|fjkcrk. e`c nf e`curx{eeiõc bk {c kbiliei`

fa{urfb` kc u{wkxlieik. e`cbiei`cku bk wxkukx|feiõc y æxkfu bk ukx|ieiùf nf jfc{lfer{xf bk {c wx`b{er` rfc bkniefb` e`j` ku kn v{ku`#



2

I#5# Rfjfö` bk nf kjwxkuf

Kc \kckq{knf kn rfjfö` bk nfu kjwxkufu uk enfuilief bk fe{kxb` e`c nf

uim{ikcrk rfhnf1

Rfhnf 6# Enfuiliefeiõc bk nfu kjwxkufu kc l{ceiõc bkn cñjkx` bk

kjwnkfbù

Riw` bk kjwxkuf Kjwnkfbù

Jiex`kjwxkuf Jkcù bk ;

Wkv{köf kjwxkuf ; * 87

Jkbifcfkjwxkuf

Iclkxi`x 86 * ;7

U{wkxi`x ;6 * 677

Mxfcbk Jæu bk 677

L{kcrk1 Icurir{r` Cfei`cfn bk Kurfbêurief bk \kckq{knf $ICK)

Ukmñc kurf enfuiliefeiõc ku wùihnk {hiefx f nf Icb{urxif \KCKNFERK@U

e`j` {cf kjwxkuf jkbifcf iclkxi`x bkhib` f v{k u{ c`jicf kuræ

e`cl`xjfbf w`x 27 rxfhfafb`xku $liaù)# Nf `xmfciqfeiõc c` rikck e`j`

w`nêrief nf e`crxfrfeiõc k|kcr{fn bk rxfhfafb`xku#



;

I#2# R{xcù bk rxfhfa`

Kn rxfhfa` uk kce{kcrxf `xmfciqfb` ukmñc uk j{kurxf f e`cric{feiõc1

N{cku f |ikxcku1 =157fj f 8177wj

Uæhfb` y lkxifbù1 =157fj f 68177j

Uikcb` nf jfrkxif wxijf nkedk nf e{fn ku {c wx`b{er` wkxkekbkx` nù

efji`cku eiurkxcfu bkhk ukx bkuefxmfbù y nf nkedk bkhk ukx wxèkufbf

icjkbifrfjkcrk. w`x n` v{k nf a`xcfbf bk rxfhfa`. w`bxêf ukx ktrkcbibf

bkn rikjw` c`xjfn

C7RF1 Ku ckekufxi` rkxjicfx e`c nf jfrkxif wxijf kcrxkmfbf wfxf kuk

bêf

I#;# Nèfniqfeiõc

Kurfb` Q{nif. Jfxfefih`# Uker x Ufcrf Xùf bk Fm{f# F|kcibf Jinfmx` C`xrk.c`# ;k*87 Icb{urxifu \kcknferkù E#F#

Lim# 6 Nèfniqfeiõc ufrknirfn bk\KCKNFERK@U

L{kcrk1 M``mnk Kfxrd



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I#<# Wxiceiwfnku wx`b{erù v{k lfhxief

F e`cric{feiõc uk wxkukcrfc nf bi|kxuibfb bk riwù bk v{ku` v{k nf

kjwxkuf jfc{lfer{xf#

Rfhnf 8# Wx`b{erù v{k lfhxief kuwkeiliefcb` wxkukcrfeiõc `

{cibfb. wxkei` bk |kcrf y |`n{jkc bk wx`b{eeiõc

Wx`b{er` [cibfb$Efcribfb) Hu#L/{cibfb Wx`b*{ci/bêf

V{ku` bk jfc` W`rk $87 [cibfbku) 4; 6;7V{ku` J`qqfxknnf t Om 27 6;77V{ku` bk jfc` [cibfb $6) 2.6 6577

V{ku` h`nirf t Om 54 6577V{ku` hfxxf t Om 54 6577

V{ku` rxkcqfu t Om 54 6577V{ku` m{fyfcéu t Om 54 6577

Xkv{kuõc t Om 87 6877Xie`rrf t Om 87 6777Xie`rrf [cibfb $6) 67 6777

Exkjf bk nkedk W`rk $8.;om) ;; 6777Exkjf bk nkedk t Om 87 6777Exkjf bk nkedk \fu` $7.;Om) 65 6777

Wfurk{xiqfb` t Om 89 6777Jfrkxf $w`x kcefxm`) t Om $67Om kc

fbknfcrk)89 fwx`t# ;77

Hfxxf bk j`qqfxknnfxknnkcf bk afjõc y

fekir{cf $w`x kcefxm`)t Om <7

fwx`t# ;77

L{kcrk1 Fxedi|ù bk nf kjwxkuf

I#=# Wx`|kkb`xku wxiceiwfnku

Dfeikcbfu1

• Jétie` {hiefbf kc nf \innf bkn Xùfxi`# J{cieiwi` Wkxiaæ

• \kckq{knf {hiefbf kc nf \innf bkn Xùfxi`# J{cieiwi` Wkxiaæ

• Ji Bknixi` {hiefbf kc Jfediv{ku bk Wkxiaæ



=

• Nf Kuwkxfcqf {hiefbf kc nf \innf bkn Xùfxi`

Lfhxiefcrku bk h`nufu1

• Wnfuriu{xef

Lfhxiefcrku bk kc|fuku $w`rku) bk wnæurie`1

• Q{wnf. E# F#

I#4# Enikcrku wxiceiwfnku

Fnm{cù bk nù enikcrku e{y` |`n{jkc bk e`jwxf ku uimciliefri|` u`c1 Kc*

ck. E# F#. \i|kxku Bk Efcbib`. Lkxif bk nf e`jibf bk Nfm` Jfnn $Jktiefc

L``b. Fxkwfu Hæxhfxf) Lxfce . Wx`wi` Efxnù. Wfcfbkxêf Nf X`jknif.

Jfnkx`. Xirq =8. Fxkwfu Ufcrf Xirf. Kn H{bfxk bk A{fcf. kcrxk `rxù#

I#9# @xmfciqfeiõc

\iuiõc1

ICB[URXIFU \KCKNFERK@U rikck nf |iuiõc bk ukx nf kjwxkuf næerkf nêbkx

bk \kckq{knf f wfxrix bk nf knfh`xfeiõc bk wx`b{erù. e`c {c ci|kn bk

klieikceif uijinfx fn bk nù wfêuku jæu bkufxx`nnfbù#

Jiuiõc1

Ku e`c|kxrix f \KCKNFERK@U kc {cf kjwxkuf xke`cèibf cfei`cfnjkcrk

w`x u{ e`jwkriri|ibfb kc efnibfb bk wx`b{erù. ukx|ieiù fn enikcrk. y

wxkeiù bk e`jkxeifniqfeiõc#



4

Kn kak bk nf linù`lêf bk \KCKNFERK@U ku nf ufriulfeeiõc bk nfu

ckekuibfbku bk nù e`cu{jib`xku. e`c wx`b{erù bk efnibfb. e`clifhnku y

lfhxiefbù r`jfcb` kc e`cuibkxfeiõc nf ktwkxikceif bk u{u wx`b{er`xku#

Fuê jiuj` u{ jiuiõc ku nf bk bklicix nf ibkcribfb bkn wx`b{er` f rxf|éubkn rxfhfa` bk nf kjwxkuf kc nf efbkcf bk knfh`xfeiõc y biurxih{eiõc

wfxf mfxfcriqfx nf wxkukceif bk nù bilkxkcrku riwù bk v{ku` kc kn

jkxefb` xkmi`cfn y cfei`cfn#

@xmfcimxfjf

Lim# 8 @xmfcimxfjf l{cei`cfn bk Icb{urxifu \kcknferkù. E#F#

L{kcrk1 Kcrxk|iurf fn Mkxkcrk Mkckxfn

II#WX@EKU@U NNK\FB@U F EFH@ W@X NF KJWXKUF

Nù wxèkuù xkmiurxfbù kc kurk w{cr` l{kx`c `hrkcibù jkbifcrk nf

kcrxk|iurf xkfniqfbf fn Mkxkcrk Mkckxfn y fbjiciurxfb`xf bk nf wnfcrf#



9

II#6# Bixkeri|ù

• Jfcbfx. icln{ix y j`ri|fx f nù kjwnkfbù wfxf v{k xkfniekc rfxkfu

kukceifnku. fuê e`j` kurfhnkekx kn fjhikcrk fbke{fb` wfxf v{k

u{u kjwnkfbù dfmfc u{u jka`xku kul{kxqù#

• Mkuri`cfx nù xke{xuù licfceikxù bk nf `xmfciqfeiõc

• Wnfcrkfx. `xmfciqfx. biximix y e`crx nfx nfu `wkxfei`cku bk

\KCKNFERK@U. f lic bk n`mxfx nù `hakri|ù v{k kurk wkxuim{k y fuê

jiuj`. nù w{kbf fnefcqfx#

• R`jfx nfu bkeiui`cku. bk nf jka`x jfckxf

• K|fn{fx eõj` ku kn e`jw`xrfjikcr` bk nf mkcrk e`j` icbi|ib{ù

• Wx`ykerfx kc kn jkxefb` nf jiuiõc y |iuiõc bk nf kjwxkuf

kurfhnkeikcb` {cf kjwfrêf kcrxk fjhù

II#8# Jkb{nfxku

• Wx`b{eix. e`jkxeifniqfx y biuw`ckx nf efcribfb bkjfcbfbf w`x

jkxefb` xkmi`cfn y cfei`cfn bk nù wx`b{erù bkxi|fbù bk nf

nkedk lfhxiefbù w`x \KCKNFERK@U#

• Wx`b{eix. e`jkxeifniqfx y biuw`ckx nf efcribfb bkjfcbfbf w`x

jkxefb` xkmi`cfn y cfei`cfn bk nù u{hwx`b{erù næerkù e`j`

fnijkcrù wfxf kn mfcfb` lfhxiefbù w`x \KCKNFERK@U#

II#5# Fw`y`

• Fbjiciurxfeiõc



67

• Jfcrkcijikcr` bk kv{iwù bk wx`b{eeiõc y ln`rf bk efji`cku wfxf

nf biurxih{eiõc

III# JFWF BK WX@EKU@U

F e`cric{feiõc uk j{kurxf kn jfwf bk wxèkuù bk ICB[URXIFU

\KCKNFERK@U E#F#



66

\kcknferkù

UfnibfWxèkuùKcrxfbf

Icl`xjfei`c u`hxkbiuw`cihinibfb bk

jfrkxif wxijf

Jfrkxif wxijf y jfrkxifnku

Jfrkxifn bk kjwfv{k

• Wnfcilief nf Wx`b{eei`c• Wnfcilief nf e`jkxeifniqfei`c• Wnfcilief nf biurxih{ei`c

Fbjicirxfei`c y e`jwxfu

Knfh`xfei`c bk wxku{w{kurùwfxf jfrkxif wxijf e`jwx fu.kre#

Wxè{xf

Wx`b{eeiõc

E`crx`n bkefnibfb

Lfhxiefei`c

Kjwfv{kFnjfekcfak

E`jkxeifniqfeiõc y \kcrfu

Mkxkceif

E`crfer` e`c nùenikcrku

Wnfc bk x{rfu bk|kcrfu

\kcrfu

E`jw`xrfjikcr` bknJkxefb`

Wxkeiù bk jfrkxifwxijf hxicbfbfw`x nù

wx`|kkb`xku6#P V{ku` bk Jfc`8#PV{ku` H`nirf5#PV{ku Hfxxf2#PV{ku` Enickaf;#PV{ku` M{fyfcku<#PXkv{ku`c=#PXie`rrf4#PExkjf9#PV{ku`Wfurk{xiqfb`

Lfer{xfei`cku

E`crx`n L icfceikx`

Wx`b{erù

Lim# 5 Jfwf bk wxèkuù



68

I\# EFBKCF BK \FN@X WFXF N@U WX@EKU@U BK NF KJWXKUF

F e`cric{feiõc uk wxkukcrf kn mxælie` v{k xkwxkukcrf nf efbkcf |fn`x bk

ICB[URXIFU \KCKNFERK@U E#F#

Lim# 2 Efbkcf bk |fn`x bk nù wxèkuù bk ICB[URXIFU

\KCKNFERK@U E#F#

Bixkeeiõc Mkckxfn

Mkxkceif Mkckxfn

N`mêurief

E`jkxeifniqfeiõc

Wx`b{eeiõc

Mkuriõc bk xke{xuùlicfceikxù

Mkuriõc bkXXDD

Mkuriõc bke`j{ciefeiõce`xw#

Fbjiciurxfeiõc

Jfcrkcijikcr`



65

\# WX@EKU@ UKNKEEI@CFB@ WFXF KN KUR[BI@ BKN RXFHFA@

F e`cric{feiõc kurk mx{w` bk kur{bi` wxkukcrf nfu xfq`cku v{k cù

nnk|fx`c f xkfniqfx nf uknkeeiõc bk nf nêckf bk wx`b{eeiõc bkn v{ku` bk

jfc`#

Xfq`cku réeciefu1

Bkhib` f n` fxrkufcfn bkn wxèku`. kn rikjw` ku knk|fb`#

Jkefciujù bk rxfcuw`xrk icklieikcrku#

Bkuhfnfcek` bk nf nêckf bk wx`b{eeiõc $fe{j{nfeiõc bk jfrkxifn

kcrxk {cf kurfeiõc y `rxf)

Xfq`cku ke`cõjiefu1

Wx`b{er` v{k jæu uk lfhxief y e{yf |kcrf xkwxkukcrf nù jfy`xku

icmxkuù bk nf `xmfciqfeiõc $e{fnv{ikx jka`xf uimciliefxêf {c

f{jkcr` bk nf wx`b{eri|ibfb)#

Xfq`cku d{jfcfu1

Bkhib` f nf ktiurkceif bk jfcka` jfc{fn ktekui|`. dfy wxkukceif

bk lfrimf kc nù rxfhfafb`xku#

Ku nf nêckf bk wx`b{eeiõc e`c jfy`x efcribfb bk rxfhfafb`xku#



62

Fnrf wx`hfhinibfb bk xikum` e`c e`cuke{kceifu mxf|ku w`x nf

jfciw{nfeiõc bk fm{f dix|ikcb` kc hfnbku#

Fuê jiuj`. bkuw{éu bk kur{bifx kurfu xfq`cku réeciefu. ke`cõjiefu y

d{jfcfu. nf mkxkceif bk nf kjwxkuf u{mixiõ nf uknkeeiõc bkn wxèku` bk

knfh`xfeiõc bk v{ku` bk jfc`#

\I# BIFMXFJF WKWUE BKN WX@EKU@ UKNKEEI@CFB@

F e`cric{feiõc uk wxkukcrf kn bifmxfjf WKWUE bkn wxèku` bk

knfh`xfeiõc bkn v{ku` bk jfc`#

Rfhnf 5# Bifmxfjf WKWUE bkn wxèku` uknkeei`cfb`

Wx`|kkb`xku Kcrxfbf Wxèkuù Ufnibf Enikcrk

Dfeikcbfu

{hiefbfu kc

kn èeibkcrk

bkn nfm` bk

Jfxfefih`

• Nkedk

• W`rku

• H`nufu

Wxèkufb`bk nf nkedk

Wxèkufb`bkn e{fa`

Wxèkufb`bkn v{ku`

V{ku` bkjfc`

U{wkxjkxefbùkc biuricrfu

ei{bfbku bkn wfêu

Xkurf{xfcrku bknf xkmiõc

\II# BIFMXFJF BK XKE@XXIB@

F e`cric{feiõc uk `hukx|f kn bifmxfjf bk xke`xxib` e`xxkuw`cbikcrk fn

wxèku` bk knfh`xfeiõc bkn v{ku` bk jfc`#



6;

Lim# ; Bifmxfjf bk xke`xxib`

Cñjkx`

Kv{iw` Cñjkx`

Kv{iw` Cñjkx`

Kv{iw`

6 Rfcv{k wfxf nf lfhxiefeiõc bk nfjkqenf

; E`xrfb`xf 9 H`jhf

8 Jkuf bk fekx` ic`tibfhnk e`cr`wku

< Jkuf e`c j`nbku 67 Fnjfeéc

5 Rxir{xfb`xf = Ef|f 66 Rfcv{k e`c fm{fdix|ikcb`

2 L{cbib`xf 4 Jkuf wfxf kjwfv{k{cirfxi`

68 Rfcv{k e`cekcrxil{mfb`xf

\III# LN[A@MXFJF BK WX@EKBIJIKCR@



6<

Wfxf in{urxfx fnmñc wxèku` fbjiciurxfri| . l{k uknkeei`cfb` nf

„Lfer{xfeiõc fn enikcrk‚ kc kn e{fn kuræc ic|`n{exfbù 5

bkwfxrfjkcrù y e{y` ln{a`mxfjf uk j{kurxf f e`cric{feiõc#

Lfer{xfeiõc fn enikcrk

II

Bkwfxrfjkcr` bk

e`jkxeifniqfeiõc y |kcrfu

III

Enikcrk

I

Bkwfxrfjkcr` bk

fbjiciurxfeiõc y e`jwxfu

Iciei`

Knfh`xf lfer{xfukmñc

xkv{kxijikcrù bkn

enikcrk y nf lixjf

Lfer{xf

Lfer{xf

Lixjf nf lfer{xf ywxèkbk f mkckxfx

bù e`wifu bk nf

jiujf

Lfer{xf

Lfer{xf

86

68

Lfer{xf

Lixjf nf lfer{xf

Lfer{xf

6

Lim# < Ln{a`mxfjf bk wxèkbijikcr`

IT# BIFMXFJF BK LN[A@ BKN WX@EKU@



6=

Kc nf wæmicf uim{ikcrk uk jùrxfxæ kn bifmxfjf bk ln{a` bkn wxèku` bk nf

nêckf bk wx`b{eeiõc uknkeei`cfbf# Uk uknkeei`cõ kn bifmxfjf bk ln{a` bkn

wxèku` bkhib` f v{k ktiurkc icuwkeei`cku. rxfcuw`xrk.

fnjfekcfjikcrù. `wkxfei`cku y bkj`xfu v{k e`c `rx` jér`b` bk

xkmiurx` d{hikukc uib` `jiribù# Efhk bkurfefx v{k wfxf nf knfh`xfeiõc

bk kurk bifmxfjf. uk kjwnkõ nf `hukx|feiõc bixkerf y kcrxk|iurfu e`c nù

rxfhfafb`xku#

Nf cfxxfri|f bkn wxèku` ku nf uim{ikcrk1

„Kn wxèku` icieif e{fcb` uk icuwkeei`cf nf nkedk wfxf bkrkxjicfx u{

ci|kn bk wD y mxfufu. n{km`. uk rxfcuw`xrf nf nkedk bkubk nù efji`cku

dfurf nù rfcv{ku wfxf nf lfhxiefeiõc bk nf jkqenf. kc kurù. uk efnikcrf

nf nkedk f 5= mxfbù ekcrêmxfbù y uk fmxkmf {c + wxkbkrkxjicfb` bk

æeib` eêrxie` wfxf feknkxfx kn wx eku . n{km` uk fmirf nf jkqenf

jfc{fnjkcrk e`c fy{bf bk {c icurx{jkcr` $b{xfcrk ; jic{rù). kurf

jkqenf uk bkaf xkwùfx b{xfcrk 67 jic{rù wfxf v{k uk wx`b{qef kn

e{fa`. kn e{fn ku xkrixfb` kc ekurfu dfurf {cf jkuf f {c nfb` bk nf

wiefb`xf# N{km` uk e`nèf kc nf wiefb`xf. kurk e{fa` wiefb` uk xke`mk y

u{ bkwùirf kc nf l{cbib`xf. kc nf e{fn uk nk fmxkmf ufn y fm{f efnikcrk#Kn v{ku` l{cbib` uk |ikxrk kc nf e`xrfb`xf. kc b`cbk ku e`xrfb` y

j`nbkfb` kc kulkxfu v{k uk jàfc e`c {c lic` ed`xx` bk fm{f lxêf# Kurfu

kulkxfu u`c nfcqfbfu w`x {c `wkxfb`x f `rx` {hiefb` kc nfu jkufu e`c

j nbku $f {cù 4 jkrxù fwx`tijfbfjkcrk)# Kurfu kulkxfu u`c

e`nèfbfu y fwnfurfbfu kc nù j`nbku mxfeifu f |fxiù rxfhfafb`xku# Kn

v{ku` j`nbkfb` ku xkrixfb` y e`nèfb` kc {c kc|fuk mxfcbk nnkc` bk

fm{f lxêf. kn e{fn uk kce{kcrxf u`hxk {c efxxir`# Wùrkxi`xjkcrk uk nnk|f

kurk kc|fuk f nf q`cf bk wxk*kjwfv{k. æxkf kc nf e{fn uk xkrixfc nù

v{kuù j`nbkfbù bkn fm{f lxêf y 8 `wkxfxiù nù e`nèfc kc w`rku $e`c

{cf efwfeibfb bk 87 {cibfbku efbf {c`). kurù w`rku u`c fnjfekcfbù

kc {c xklximkxfb`x# W`x efbf 87 w`rku. ; u`c nnk|fbù f nf q`cf bk

kjwfv{k. kc b`cbk 8 `wkxfxiù wxèkbkc f ufefx nù v{kuù bk nù



64

w`rku y f e`nèfxnù kc h`nufu wnæuriefu $w`x {cibfb). wùrkxi`xjkcrk u`c

uknnfbfu e`c efn`x y licfnjkcrk fnjfekcfbfu kc kn xklximkxfb`x‚#

T# KUR[BI@ BK RIKJW@U

Nf feri|ibfb uknkeei`cfbf wfxf fwniefx kn kur{bi` bk rikjwù l{k

„l{cbieiõc bkn v{ku`‚. nù knkjkcrù v{k nf e`jw`ckc u`c1 nf

bkuefxmf. efxmf y kn jfv{icfb` kc nf l{cbib`xf#

f# Réecief {riniqfbf1 Uk {riniqõ kn ex`c`jkrxfak e`c |{knrf f ekx`. bkhib`

f v{k e{jwnk e`c nfu kuwkeiliefei`cku ktimibfu w`x kurf réecief nfu

e{fnku u`c1 rikjw` n` u{lieikcrkjkcrk wx`n`cmfb`. bknijirfeiõc enfxf bk

nù knkjkcrù y eienù bklicibù#

h# Jkr`b`n`mêf1

• Kn eien` bkn rxfhfa` l{k bi|ibib` kc 5 knkjkcrù. kurù u`c1

` Efxmf $Knkjkcr` Jfc{fn. xkwkriri|` y fwx`tijfbfjkcrk

e`curfcrk)

` Jfv{icfb` $Knkjkcr` Jkeæcie`. xkwkriri|` y e`curfcrk)



69

` Bkuefxmf $Jkeæcie` fuiurib` w`x kn `wkxfb`x. xkwkriri|` y

fwx`tijfbfjkcrk e`curfcrk)

• Wfxf nf kake{eiõc bkn kur{bi` uk r`jõ {cf j{kurxf win`r`#

• Uk biuköõ bkn l`xjfr` bk xkmiurx`1 Kn e{fn e`crikck icl`xjfeiõc

xknfei`cfbf e`c nf ibkcriliefeiõc bk nf `wkxfeiõc. nù eienù y nù

knkjkcrù# \kx Lim{xf =#

Bêf 6 Bêf 8 Bêf 5 Bêf 2 Bêf ;

R6 R8 R6 R8 R6 R8 R6 R8 R6 R8

Efxmf

Jfv{icfb`

Bkuefxmf

Eien`

Lim# =# L`xjfr` wfxf kn xkmiurx` bk nfu `hukx|fei`cku

• Kn rfjfö` bk nf j{kurxf win`r` l{k uknkeei`cfbf w`x nù

ic|kurimfb`xku? uikcb` kurx{er{xfbf w`x 67 bfrù r`jfbù b{xfcrk

6 ukjfcf $8 bfrù w`x bêf)#

\kx Lim{xf 4#

Bêf 6 Bêf 8 Bêf 5 Bêf 2 Bêf ;

R6 R8 R6 R8 R6 R8 R6 R8 R6 R8

Efxmf 7.94 7.92 7.9< 7.49 7.97 7.44 7.96 7.4< 7.44 7.42

Jfv{icf 67.6 67.7 9.94 67.7 67.7 9.9< 9.9= 9.99 67.7 9.94



87

b` 9 ; 5 2

Bkuefxmf

6.;2 6.;4 6.25 6.2= 6.28 6.29 6.;8 6.24 6.29 6.;6

Eien` 68.<

8

68.<

6

68.5

=

68.2

6

68.5

;

68.5

5

68.2 68.5

5

68.2

6

68.5

5Nù |fn`xku bk nf rfhnf |ikckc bfbù kc jic{rù

Lim# 4# L`xjfr` e`c bfrù bk rikjw` xkmiurxfbù

• Uk liaõ {cf e`clifcqf y kn kxx`x {riniqfcb` kn exirkxi` xke`jkcbfb`

w`x nf @xmfciqfeiõc Icrkxcfei`cfn bkn Rxfhfa` $@IR). nf e{fn u{mikxk

{c 9;.2;+ bk ci|kn bk e`clifcqf y {c kxx`x bkn ¶;+. wfxf nfbkrkxjicfeiõc bkn rfjfö` bk nf j{kurxf# Kc nf lim{xf 9 uk fwxkeif

nf rfhnf v{k e`crikck nù bfrù ckekufxiù wfxf nf fwniefeiõc bk nf

lõxj{nf kurfbêurief#

Ti Ti8

68.<8 6;9.8<

68.<6 6;9.76

68.5= 6;5.76

68.26 6;2

68.5; 6;8.;8

68.55 6;8.75

68.2 6;5.=<

68.55 6;8.75

68.26 6;2

68.55 6;8.75

682.6< 6;26.<;

Lim# 9# Bfrù ckekufxiù wfxf nf fwniefeiõc bk nf lõxj{nf

kurfbêurief



86

$ )8

88-27

∘ÝÝ:

∖∖ ∖

i

ii

t

t tcc $6)

Uikcb`1

c : rfjfö` bk nf j{kurxf v{k uk bkukf bkrkxjicfx

c’ : cñjkx` bk `hukx|fei`cku bkn kur{bi` wxknijicfx

∖ : u{jf bk nù |fn`xku

t i : |fn`x bk nfu `hukx|fei`cku

$ )7482;.7

6<.682

6<.682<;.6;2667278

8

:

∘ÝÝ:c

• L{k `hrkcibf nf j{kurxf bkliciri|f y kurù bfrù uk e`jwfxfx`c

e`c kn jér`b` bk nfu rfhnfu bk ]kuricmd`{uk wfxf r`jfx nf

bkeiuiõc bkn cñjkx` r`rfn bk `hukx|fei`cku f xkfniqfx v{k wkxjirf

e`clifx kc nf xkwxkukcrfri|ibfb bk nù xku{nrfbù# Kurfbêuriefjkcrk

uk r`jf kn jfy`x cñjkx`#



88

Lim# 67# Rfhnf bk ]kuricmd`{uk wfxf bkrkxjicfx kn rfjfö` bk

j{kurxf

Rikjw` wx`jkbi` bkn eien`1 jic26<.6867

jic6<.682

²:::∖

c

t T

i

c’ : cñjkx` bk `hukx|fei`cku bkn kur{bi` wxknijicfx

∖ : u{jf bk n`u |fn`xku



85

t i : |fn`x bk nfu `hukx|fei`cku

dx dx

Rikjw 86.7jic<7

6jic26<.68 :Ý:

Kn eien` uk klkerñf fwx`tijfbfjkcrk efbf 57 jic{rù bkhib` f v{k nf

`wkxfeiõc uim{ikcrk r`jf {c jfy`x rikjw` n` e{fn xkrxfuf nf

`wkxfeiõc kur{bifbf#

Rikjw` bkn eien` bk rxfhfa` : eiendx dx

;.7jic<7

6jic57 :Ý

A`xcfbf bk rxfhfa` : bifdx <

Uk rxfhfaf < bêfu w`x ukjfcf. 2 ukjfcfu fn jku y 68 jkuku fn fö`

Eienù w`x bêf : bifeien ueiendx

bifdx 68

;.7

< :

Eien` w`x fö` : föèien u

fö

jkuku

jku

ukjfcf

ukjfcf

bif

bif

eien u52;<

682<68:ÝÝÝ

Kn rfjfö` bk j{kurxf ukmñc nfu rfhnfu bk ]kuricmd`{uk ku1

<:c

• Kn uiurkjf {riniqfb` wfxf nf |fn`xfeiõc bk nf efniliefeiõc l{k knjér`b` ]kuricmd`{uk $|kx lim{xf 66)# @hrkciécbùk nù uim{ikcrku

xku{nrfbù1



82

Lim# 66# Rfhnf bk ]kuricmd`{uk wfxf bkrkxjicfx kn lfer`x bk

efniliefeiõc

Dfhinibfb1 F8

Kul{kxq`1 E6

E`cbiei`cku1 K

E`cuiurkceif1 L

Bkhib` f v{k ktiurk {c knkjkcr` kc kn e{fn c` kurf wxkukcrk kn

jfcka` bk nf jfrkxif wxijf w`x wfxrk bkn `wkxfxi`. uk efne{nfxf kn

rikjw` c`xjfn wfxf efbf knkjkcr`1

66.6)72.775.77;.765.7$6 :∘∘//: LE

Efne{n` wfxf kn rikjw` c`xjfn bk efxmf1



8;

jic972.767

jic72.9

²fxm :::

∖c

R R

i

fE

jic666.6jic972.7fxm :Ý:Ý: LE R R fE C

Efne{n` wfxf kn rikjw` c`xjfn bk bkuefxmf1

jic29.667

jic95.62

²fxm :::

∖c

R R

i

f Bkue

jic<<.666.6jic29.6fxm :Ý:Ý: LE R R f Bkue C

Rikjw` c`xjfn bkn jfv{icfb` $l{cbieiõc)1

6: LE

jic78.6767

jic8.677

²:::

∖c

R R

i

L{cbib`

jic78.676jic78.67 :Ý:Ý: LE R R L{cbib C

jic<4.686<<.678.67.://:

Eien C R

• Wfxf kn eæne{n` bk n`u u{wnkjkcr`u uk {riniqõ kn jér`b` F $|kx

lim{xf 68)1



8<



8=

Lim# 68# Rfhnf bkn jér`b` F

F# R`nkxfceifu e`curfcrku1 9+

H# R`nkxfceifu |fxifhnku1 6<+

E# R`nkxfceifu kuwkeifnku1 ;+

Kn ;+ bk nfu r`nkxfceifu kuwkeifnku |ikck bfb` w`x nfu e`cbiei`cku bkn

wiu` bk nf q`cf bk rxfhfa`#

5.6)7;.76<.779.7$6 :///:U

Bkhib` f v{k nfu `wkxfei`cku1 bkuefxmf y efxmf. uk nnk|fc f efh` f nfu

jiujfu e`cbiei`cku w`bkjù fu{jix v{k nù u{wnkjkcrù ukxæc nù

jiujù wfxf fjhù1

$ ) jic6<.85.6jic<<.6fxm. :Ý:Ý: U R R C fE URB

$ ) jic5.65.6jic6fxm. :Ý:Ý: U R R C f BkueURB

jic78.67.

:: C L{cbibURB

R R

jic24.656<.85.678.67. ://::∖ URBEienURB R R

Kc nf uim{ikcrk rfhnf uk xku{jkc nù |fn`xku `hrkcibù $|kx lim{xf 66)1



84

Rikjw` URB

$jic)

Efxmf 8.6<

Jfv{icfb` 67.78Bkuefxmf 6.5

Eien` 65.24

Lim# 65# Rfhnf xku{jkc

TI# J[KURXK@ BKN RXFHFA@

Nf feri|ibfb uknkeei`cfbf wfxf nf fwniefeiõc bkn j{kurxk` bkn rxfhfa` l{k

„kn jfcrkcijikcr` e`xxkeri|` bk nfu h`jhfu ekcrxil{mfu

ijw{nu`xfu bk nf nkedk‚#

A{uriliefeiõc bk u{ uknkeeiõc1 Bkuw{éu bk xkfniqfx {cf kcrxk|iurf c`

kurx{er{xfbf e`c kn mkxkcrk mkckxfn $B`jkcie` Jkqqfwkqf). uk icl`xjõ

v{k nfu h`jhfu kc u{ jfy`xêf uk kce{kcrxfc kc nf lfuk bk lfnnfu

exkeikcrku ` licfn bk u{ |ibf ñrin w`x n` v{k nfu f|kxêfu uk wxkukcrfc kc

j`jkcrù fn fqfx#

Uk xkfniqfx`c nfu `hukx|fei`cku b{xfcrk 6 ukjfcf y uk `hr{|ikx`c nù

uim{ikcrku xku{nrfbù1

• Wx{khf Win`r`

` Uk `hukx|fx`c ; h`jhfu

` ; xke`xxibù fn bêf `hukx|fcb` nf wxkukceif bk lfnnfu kc

e{fnv{ikxf bk knnfu

` @hukx|fei`cku xkfniqfbfu fn fqfx



89

6 8 5 2 ; R`rfn

Bkrkcibf w`x

lfnnfu

I 6

Bkrkcibf w`x`rxfu xfq`cku

II II I ;

L{cei`cfcb` II IIIII IIIII III IIII 69

R`rfn ; ; ; ; ; 8;

Lim# 62# L`xjfr` e`c bfr`u xkmiurxfb`u bk nf wx{khf win`r`

Kn w`xekcrfak bk fwfxieiõc bk nf feri|ibfb uknkeei`cfbf „Bkrkcibf w`xlfnnfu‚ l{k bk 6/8; : 2+. liafcb` {c kxx`x bk ;+ y {cf e`clifcqf bk 9;+

l{k {riniqfb` kn c`j`mxfjf $|kx Lim# 6;) y uk `hr{|` {c rfjfö` bk

j{kurxf bk 9; `hukx|fei`cku $e`j` yf l{kx`c xkfniqfbfu 8; v{kbfc

wkcbikcrku =7)#



57

Lim# 6;# C`j`mxfjf

Kur{bi` Eikcrêlie`

• Wnfciliefeiõc bk nfu `hukx|fei`cku1



56

` 62 `hukx|fei`cku w`x bêf

` Uk mkckxfx`c 62 cñjkxù fnkfr`xiù w`x bêf ukmñc nf rfhnf

bk „Cñjkxù fnkfr`xiù‚ wxkukcrfbf w`x nf @IR kc nf wfmicf

8<2#

` Uk `hr{|ikx`c nù uim{ikcrku xku{nrfbù $r`jfcb` kc e{kcrf

nfu `hukx|fei`cku bkn kur{bi` win`r`)1

6 8 5 2 ; R`rfn

Bkrkcibf w`x

lfnnfu

II 8

Bkrkcibf w`x`rxfu xfq`cku

IIIII III IIII IIII 6<

L{cei`cfcb` IIIIIII

I

IIIIIII

IIII

IIIIIIIIII

IIII

IIIIIIIII

I

IIIIIIIII

I

;8

R`rfn 62 62 62 62 62 =7

Lim# 6<# L`xjfr` e`c bfrù xkmiurxfbù bk nf wx{khf

Kn w`xekcrfak bk fwfxieiõc bk nf feri|ibfb uknkeei`cfbf „Bkrkcibf w`x

lfnnfu‚ l{k bk 5/9; : 5.8 +. uimcilief v{k kn rikjw` v{k nfu h`jhfu uk

kce{kcrxfc bkrkcibfu w`x lfnnfu ku fwx`tijfbfjkcrk bk 4 d`xfu/bêf t

7.758 : 7.8;< d`xfu/bêf

Kn c{k|` kxx`x ukmñc kn c`j`mxfjf ku bk 2.;+ e`c {cf e`clifcqf bk

9;+ w`x n` v{k kn kur{bi` ku e`clifhnk $|kx Lim# 6=)#



58

Lim# 6=# C`j`mxfjf



55

Fcæniuiu bkn xku{nrfb` `hrkcib`1

Kn `hrkckx kurk xku{nrfb` kc kn kur{bi bk j{kurxk`. uimcilief v{k

ktiurk {cf wx`hfhinibfb bk fwfxieiõc bk nf feri|ibfb „H`jhf

Bkrkcibf w`x lfnnf‚ bkn 5.8+. n` e{fn w{kbk ukx|ix bk icu{j` f1

Kn kcefxmfb` bkn jfcrkcijikcr` wfxf klker` nf wnfciliefeiõc bkn

jfcrkcijikcr` wxk|kcri|`#

Kn kcefxmfb` bk nf wx`b{eeiõc wfxf kurijfx kn rikjw` wkxbib` y kn

c` e{jwnijikcr` bk n`u wkbib`u#



52

TII# FCFNIUIU @WKXFEI@CFN

@WKXFEIÕC1 NFCQFJIKCR@ BK 5 KULKXFU BK V[KU@ BKUBK NF E@XRFB@XF DFEIF NFU JKUFU

E@C J@NBKU

BKUEXIWEIÕC Y

EFXFERKXIURIEFU

WXICEIWI@ BKN FCÆNIUIU

@WKXFEI@CFN

@W@XR[CIBFBKU BK JKA@XF

E`cuiurk kc r`jfx 5

kulkxfu bk v{ku`

e`cuke{ri|fjkcrk.

wx`|kcikcrku bk nf

e`xrfb`xf?

ukm{ibfjkcrk. ku

nfcqfbf

jfc{fnjkcrk f {c

`wkxfxi` v{k kuræ{hiefb` kc nfu

jkufu e`c j`nbku f

67 jkrxù bk

biurfceif

fwx`tijfbfjkcrk#

LICFNIBFB BK NF @WKXFEIÕC1 Nf`wkxfeiõc c` w{kbk ukx knijicfbfbkhib` f v{k ku kn rxfcuw`xrk ` wfu` v{kuk kake{rf kcrxk bù feri|ibfbkue`cuke{ri|fu $nf `wkxfeiõc bkefnkcrfjikcr` bkn v{ku` y nf bke`nèfeiõc kc nù j`nbku)#

W{kbk ukx biujic{ib` u{ rikjw` yjka`xfb` u{ jér`b`#

W{kbk ukx jka`xfbf {riniqfcb` {ckv{iw` bk jfcka` v{kwkxjirf v{k c` ukf jfciw{nfb`kn v{ku` bk l`xjf fcridimiécief$ku bkeix. e`c nfu jfc u) ye`xxikcb` kn xikum` bk efkxuk kckn wiu`#

BIUKÖ@ BK NF WFXRK C@FWNIEF

C@ FWNIEF

R@NKXFCEIFU Y KUWKEILIEFEI@CKU1Fn r`jfx nfu h`nirfu bk v{ku` kn`wkxfb`x c` kake{rf cicmñc riw` bkicuwkeeiõc w x n` v{k kn e`crx n bkefnibfb uk kce{kcrxf f{ukcrk kc kurf`wkxfeiõc#

Nf kjwxkuf c` df liafb` kuwkeiliefei`ckukc xknfeiõc f e`cuiurkceif y rfjfö`#

Efwfeirfx fn `wkxfb x bkl`xjf rfn v{k ukf {cicuwker x bk efnibfb kcxknfeiõc f {c rfjfö` ykuwkeiliefei`cku v{k kurk mx{w`bk ic|kurimfb`xku wx`w`ck v{kukf1

• = ekcrêjkrxù bk biæjkrx`



5;

fwx`t#

• E`cuiurkceif hnfcbf#

JFRKXIFNKU1 Fn xkfniqfx nf `wkxfeiõc ukmkckxf fm{f e`j` xku{nrfb` bk nfbkudibxfrfeiõc bkn v{ku`. nf kjwxkuf c`fwx`|kedf kurk nêv{ib` kn e{fn efk kc knwiu` y |f bixker f nù bkufmþku bkfm{fu ckmxfu# C` ku fwx`|kedfb` kn jfrkxifn bk bkuked`

[riniqfx {cf kurx{er{xf bkfekx` ic`tibfhnk kc nf wfxrkiclkxi`x bk nf `wkxfeiõc v{kwkxjirf nf xke`nkeeiõc bkn niv{ib`wfxf fnijkcrfx bk c{k|` nfjfv{icf

WX@EKU@ BK LFHXIEFEIÕC1 Nfkake{eiõc bk kurf `wkxfeiõc rxfk e`jè`cuke{kceif1

Jfciw{nfeiõc ktekui|f bk {c wx`b{er`fnijkcriei` wkxkekbkx v{k bkhkjfcrkckxuk n` jfu dimiécie` wùihnk ykc kurk efu`. kn v{k ukf rèfb` w`x kn`wkxfxi`. f{jkcrf nf wx`hfhinibfb bke`crkcib` hferkxi`nõmie`

Jkefciqfeiõc bk nf `wkxfeiõcjfc{fn {riniqfcb` kv{iwù wfxfkn rxfunfb` ` biuwùiri|ù kicurfnfei`cku

WXKWFXFEIÕC Y DKXXFJKCRFN1

Wfxf nf kake{eiõc bk nf `wkxfeiõc ukxkv{ikxk {c `wkxfb`x uic efniliefeiõcfnm{cf# U{ feri|ibfb icieifn ku nf bkwxkwfxfx kn uiri` bk rxfhfa` e`nèfcb` {cx`binn` $v{k l{cei`cf e`j` {cf kuwkeikbk rx`v{kn) ukmñc kn n rk bk v{ku` fwx`b{eix h`nirfu. rxkcqfu y v{ku` bkjfc`#

Wnfciliefx nf wx`b{eeiõc w`x n`rku bk l`xjf rfn v{k ukjicijiekc nù rikjwù v{k uk{riniqfc kc nf e`n efeiõc bk nùx`binnù#

Hxicbfx fn `wkxfb`x nùijwnkjkcrù bk rxfhfackekufxiù wfxf nf jka`xkake{eiõc bk nf `wkxfeiõc nù



5<

C`rf1 Wfxf klkerù bk kurk kur{bi` uk r`jõ kn wxèku` bklfhxiefeiõc bk v{ku` bk jfc`

e{fnku u`c1 m{fcrku. nkcrku. h`rfubk wnæurie`. wx rkeeiõc wfxf knefhknn` y jfuefxinnf

E@CBIEI@CKU BK RXFHFA@1 Nfue`cbiei`cku bk rxfhfa` w{kbkce`cuibkxfxuk e`j` Bklieikcrku

Bkhk jka`xfxuk1

K n fn{jhxfb 1 E nèfcb` {cci|kn bk in{jicfeiõc bk 677 n{tv{k ku kn xke`jkcbfb` w`x nf @IRwfxf rxfhfa u e{y` kul{kxq`|iu{fn xkv{ikxk wkxekweiõcmkckxfn

Rkjwkxfr{xf1 Bkhkkurfhnkekxuk c` jfy`x bk 8; ·E yjfcrkckx {cf d{jkbfb xknfri|fkcrxk 27 y =7+

\ kcrinfeiõc1 Uk xke`jikcbfbiuwkxufx kn efn`x wx`b{eib` w`xnfu jfv{icfu e`nèfcb`|kcrinfeiõc l`xqfbf

@xbkc y nijwikqf1 Wx`jèi`cfxkurf feri|ibfb#

Kv{iw` bk wx`rkeeiõcwkxu`cfn1 U{jiciurxfx fnrxfhfafb`x H rfu bk ef{ed .nkcrku bk ukm{xibfb. m{fcrku yhxfmf



5=

X{ib 1 E`crx nfx kn x{ib` ykurijfx nù bkeihknku f nù v{kkurf ktw{kur` kn `wkxfb`x wfxfbkrkxjicfx ui ku ckekufxi`wx`w`xei`cfx rfw`cku

BIURXIH[EIÕC BK WNFCRFU Kurk w{cr` ukxæ fcfniqfb`

r`jfcb` nf KURFEIÕC BK RXFHFA@ e`j` `hakr` bk kur{bi`wfxf n`mxfx {cf jka`x eixe{nfeiõcbkn jfrkxifn. fwx`|kedfjikcr` bknù kuwfeiù k icrkmxfeiõc bk nfuferi|ibfbku#

JFCKA@ BK JFRKXIFNKU1 Rxfcuw`xrkv{k e`cuiurk kc nfcqfx nfu h nirfu bkv{ku` {cf biurfceif fwx`tijfbf bk 67jkrxù

Jkefciqfx nf `wkxfeiõc

WXICEIWI@ BK KE@C@JÊF BK

J@\IJIKCR@U

• [u` bkn e{kxw` d{jfc`1

C` uk e{jwnkc nù wxiceiwiù bk1

Fjhfu jfcù bkhkc e`jkcqfx yrkxjicfx u{u j`|ijikcrù f nf |kq

Fjhfu jfcù c` bkhkc wkxjfckekx

Xkbiuköfx kn w{kur` bk

rxfhfa` e`cuibkxfcb`1

Biurxih{eiõc bkn w{kur` bk rxfhfa`

Jkefciqfeiõc bk nf `wkxfeiõc

Biuw uiri|ù v{k lfeinirkc knrxfunfb`

Fekxefjikcr` kcrxk nfu



54

icferi|fu f nf |kq. ktekwr` b{xfcrk nùwkxi`bù bk bkuefcu`#

Nù j`|ijikcrù bk nù hxfqù bkhkcdfekxuk uij{nræckfjkcrk y kcbixkeei`cku `w{kurfu y uijérxiefu

•

Biurxih{eiõc bk nf kurfeiõc bkrxfhfa`

C` ku uijérxie`#

Kn jfrkxifn ` wx`b{er` c` uk kce{kcrxfkc nfu æxkfu c`xjfnku y jætijfu bkrxfhfa`#

C` ku {riniqfbf nf mxf|kbfb e`j`jkefciuj` wfxf kn u{jiciurx bknjfrkxifn

C` e{kcrf e`c {cf uinnf v{k nk wkxjirfukcrfxuk y nk|fcrfxuk fnrkxcfri|fjkcrkbkwkcbikcb` bkn ci|kn bk lfrimf v{kwùkf#

• Biukö` bk dkxxfjikcrfu y kv{iwù

Nf `wkxfeiõc ku jfc{fn

`wkxfei`cku



59



27



26

TIII# C[K\@ JÉR@B@ BK RXFHFA@

Kn c{k|` jér`b` bk rxfhfa` kuræ l{cbfjkcrfb` kc nf jkefciqfeiõc bk nf

`wkxfeiõc uknkeei`cfbf wfxf kurk kur{bi`#

Kn jér`b` e`cuiurk kc nf icurfnfeiõc bk {cf eicrf rxfcuw`xrfb`xf bk

hfcbf a{ur` f nf ufnibf bk nf e`xrfb`xf bk v{ku`. |kx wnfc` kc nf lim{xf

64#

Efxferkxêuriefu bkn kv{iw` wx`w{kur`

• C`jhxk1 Hfcbf Rxfcuw`xrfb`xf

• Jfrkxifn bk nf hfcbf1 Jfrkxifn uicrérie` $Uinie`c)

• Kuwkeiliefei`cku bk biukö`1

N`cmir{b bkn kv{iw`1 5 j

Fced`1 <7 ej#

N`cmir{b bk nf hfcbf1 < j

Riw` bk nf hfcbf1 niuf

X`binn u $bkhfa bk nf hfcbf)1 Lfhxiefbù e`c e`jw`ckcrku

r`rfnjkcrk rkxj`wnæurieù y e`c efuv{innù bk hfaf u`c`xibfb y

jêcijf lxieeiõc# Feei cfbù w`x jkbi` bk {cf hfcbf v{k nù

j`r`xiqf# Kn biæjkrx` bk nù x`binnù ku 67 ej#

Eàickrku1 Uknnfbù $bkhib` f nf wxkukceif bk fm{f)#

Hfurib`xku $kurx{er{xf v{k uùrikck f nf hfcbf)1 Wkxjfckcrku kc kn

wiu`? bk fn{jici` bkhib` f u{ xkuiurkceif f nf e`xxùiõc#



28

Nfu bijkcui cku y kn biukö` uk fwxkeifc kc nfu lim{xfu 69 y 87

xkuwkeri|fjkcrk#

Lim# 64 Bifmxfjf bk xke`xxib` e`c icurfnfeiõc bk eicrfrxfcuw`xrfb`xf



25

Lim# 69 Eicrf rxfcuw`xrfb`xf bk hfcbf

Lim# 87 \iurf bk wnfcrf bk nf hfcbf

Kn xfbi` bk n`u x`binn`u ku bk1 ;ej



22

TI\# \KCRFAFU BKN JÉR@B@ WX@W[KUR@ U@HXK KN JÉR@B@

FCRKXI@X

F e`cric{feiõc uk wxkukcrfc bk jfckxf u{ekui|f nù bilkxkcrku

hkckliei u v{k fw`xrfxæ f nf kjwxkuf nf icurfnfeiõc bk {cf eicrf

rxfcuw`xrfb`xf bk hfcbf1

• Jkc`x {riniqfeiõc bkn kuwfei`? bkhib` f nf knijicfeiõc bk nfu jkufu

e`c j`nbku#

• Biujic{eiõc bk nf lfrimf bkn `wkxfxi`? bkhib` f v{k uk knijicf kn

nfcqfjikcr` bk nfu kulkxfu bk v{ku`#

• F{jkcr` bk nfu e`cbiei`cku bk dimikck? uk biujic{yk kn e`crfer`

jfc{fn e`c nfu kulkxfu bk v{ku` kc u{ wxèku` bk wx`b{eeiõc#

• E`c kurf eicrf rxfcuw`xrfb`xf kn `wkxfb`x xkfniqfxæ nù

j`|ijikcrù e{jwnikcb` e`c n` uim{ikcrk1

` Bkcrx` bkn æxkf c`xjfn bk rxfhfa`

` J`|ijikcr` bk nù bkbù. jfcù y fcrkhxfq`

@ximicfcb` {cf xkb{eeiõc bk rikjw` y bk knkjkcrù kc kn eien` bk

rxfhfa`. bkhib` f v{k uk biujic{ykc nù j`|ijikcrù e`j`

„j`|kx‚ y „fwniefx wxkuiõc‚? y „nfcqfx‚ bkufwfxkek#

• Nf |knèibfb bk nf nêckf bk wx`b{eeiõc ku e`curfcrk. wkxjirikcb`kurfhnkekx kuræcbfxku bk rikjw` bk lfhxiefeiõc#

• Xkb{eeiõc bk wkxu`cfn? bkhib` f v{k nf jkefciqfeiõc bkn wxèku`

xkb{ek nf ckekuibfb bk 8 `wkxfxiù#



2;



2<

E@CEN[UI@CKU

Licfniqfb` kn wx`yker` bk eærkbxf. uk e`cen{ykc nù uim{ikcrku fuwkerù1

• F rxf|éu bk nù bifmxfjfu bk ln{a` bk wxèku` y bk xke`xxib`. kn

mx{w` bk ic|kurimfb`xku n`mxõ xkmiurxfx nf uke{kceif `wkxfei`cfn

bkn wxèku` bk lfhxiefeiõc bkn v{ku` bk jfc`. wfxf n{km` k|fn{fx

nf wxkukceif bk xke`xxibù icckekufxi u. bkj`xfu. e`crxfln{aù.

biurfceifu xke`xxibfu? |iun{jhxæcbùk bkubk kuk j`jkcr`

`w`xr{cibfbku bk jka`xf#

• Nf uknkeeiõc fekxrfbf y `hakri|f bk nf nêckf bk wx`b{eeiõc bknv{ku` bk jfc` l{k xkfniqfbf {riniqfcb` nù exirkxiù réecieù.

ke`cõjieù y d{jfcù. n` v{k cù wkxjiriõ e`cen{ix v{k ku f

rxf|éu bk nfu dkxxfjikcrfu jkcei`cfbfu v{k uk n`mxf nf knkeeiõc

bk fv{knnfu nêckfu y `wkxfei`cku v{k kclxkcrfc nf jfy`x efcribfb

bk wx`hnkjfu k ice`c|kcikcrku#

• Kn kur{bi` bk rikjw` jkbifcrk nf réecief bkn ex`c`jkrxfak

{riniqfb` wfxf e{fcriliefx nf efxmf bk rxfhfa` bk nf `wkxfeiõc

„L{cbieiõc bkn v{ku`‚ fxx aõ e`j` xku{nrfb` v{k kn rikjw`

kuræcbfx bk nf `wkxfeiõc ku bk 65.24 jic# Kurk |fn`x wkxjirk v{k

nù fcfniurfu bk jér`bù y rikjw` v{k xkfniqfx`c kn kur{bi`.

e`cuibkxkc nf wùihinibfb bk biujic{ixn` f rxf|éu bk nf jka`xf bk

nù jér`bù bk rxfhfa`#

• Nf k|fn{feiõc bkn jér`b` bk rxfhfa` {riniqfcb` kn fcæniuiu

`wkxfei`cfn k|ibkceiõ n` uim{ikcrk1 nù wxiceiwiù wxkwfxfeiõc y

dkxxfjkcrfn. wxèkuù bk lfhxiefeiõc. e`cbiei`cku bk rxfhfa`.

wxiceiwi` bk ke`c`jêf bk j`|ijikcr` y jfcka` bk jfrkxifnku.

bierfx`c nfu wf{rfu wfxf nf jkefciqfeiõc bk nf `wkxfeiõc#



2=

• Kn biukö` bk eicrf rxfcuw`xrfb`xf e`j` c{k|` jér`b` bk rxfhfa`

wkxjirixæ v{k kn `wkxfb`x kake{rk u{ rfxkf e`c {cf jkc`x?

efcribfb bk j`|ijikcrù. rikjw` bk kake{eiõc y lfrimf#

HIHNI@MXFLÊF

• HFXCKU Xfnwd# Kur{bi` bk j`|ijikcrù y rikjwù# V{icrf kbieiõc.Kbir`xifn1 Fm{infx U#F#. 69=9#

• CIKHKN Hkcafjic. LXKI\FNBU Fcbxiu. Icmkcikxêf Icb{urxifn1

jér`bù. kuræcbfxku y biukö` bkn rxfhfa`# 66f kbieiõc. Kbir`xifn1

Fnlf`jkmf. Jétie`. B#L#. 8772#

• @lieicf icrkxcfei`cfn bkn rxfhfa`. Icrx`b{eeiõc fn kur{bi` bkn

rxfhfa`# 2rf kbieiõc. Kbir`xifn1 C`xikmf*Nij{uf. Jétie` B#L#. 699<#

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