como escrever em Árabe

8/12/2019 Como Escrever Em rabe

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A escrita rabe muito interessante e muita gente gostaria de aprender. Porm, falta de tempo emuitas vezes falta de acessibilidade e boas explicaes podem fazer este sonho de muita gentedesaparecer e de perder o gosto paraaprender rabe.

O nome Joo Pedro em rabe

Vou tentar nesta pgina ensinar passo a passo como pode aprender de maneira rpida e fcil aescrever em rabe. Est preparado? Bora nessa!

Informao rpida sobre o Alfabeto rabe

O Alfabeto rabe tem 28 letras; O Alfabeto rabe escrito da direita para a esquerda (o alfabeto portugus escrito da

esquerda para a direita);

Cada letra tem 4 maneiras de ser escrita: letra isolada, letra fase inicial da palavra, letra fasemdia da palavra e letra fase final da palavra;

Cada letra pega-se sua prxima com excepo do d; do dh; do a; do r; do z; e o

u;

O nome Lilian em caligrafia rabe

Lio 1A ligao das letrasLETRA A

A letra A em rabe escreve-se assim: muito fcil de identificar um A na escrita rabe, simplesmente um pau levantado que nunca

pega com a sua letra prxima (no confundir com o L que pega com a sua prxima.

Se quisermos juntar mais um A a outro A escreve-se assim:No esqueamos que a letra A uma das poucas letras que nunca pega com a sua prxima, ou

seja, estas duas letras no se juntam.
http://www.joaoleitao.com/nomes-arabe/http://www.joaoleitao.com/nomes-arabe/http://www.joaoleitao.com/nomes-arabe/http://www.joaoleitao.com/nomes-arabe/


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Lio 1.1A ligao das letrasLETRA B

A letra B em rabe escreve-se assim:Basicamente sempre que vir uma palavra em rabe com um s ponto em baixo, esta letra sersempre um B. Esta letra em baixo, a fase isolada da letra. O B em cr.

Se agora quisermos juntar mais um B a outro B fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no incio da palavra. Temos assim sempre 1 ponto em

baixo para definir a letra B. Temos agora BB.

Se quisermos juntar mais um outro B fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no fase mdia da palavra. um pouco parecida com o

incio mas sempre o que define esta letra o seu ponto em baixo da linha. Temos agora BBB.

Lio 1.2A ligao das letrasLETRA L

A letra l em rabe escreve-se assim:Basicamente sempre que vir uma palavra em rabe com pau levantado, ou um A ou um L, adiferena entre as duas letras que o A nunca pega com a letra seguinte, e a letra L pega


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sempre com a letra seguinte. A letra L no seu final faz assim uma curva como pode ver naimagem em baixo.

Se agora quisermos juntar mais um L a outro L fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no incio da palavra. Temos assim um pau levantadono inicio para definir a letra l. Temos agora LL.

Se quisermos juntar mais um outro L fica assim:Repare como a letra ganhou uma nova forma no fase mdia da palavra. igual com o incio.Temos agora LLL.

Lio 1.3A ligao das letrasLETRA QA letra Q (muitas vezes escrita em transcrio directa como 9 em rabe escreve-se assim: muito fcil de identificar um Q na escrita rabe, porque uma bola com 2 pontos em cima,sempre. Ou seja nada que enganar.

Se quisermos juntar mais um Q a outro Q escreve-se assim:A letra q uma letra quepega com a sua prxima, ou seja, fica sempre pegada letra seguinte.


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Se quisermos juntar mais QQ a outro Q escreve-se assim:

Lio 2A ligao das letrasPALAVRA PORTAA palavra porta em rabe escreve-se assim:Como se lembra das palavras anteriores, a letra B com um ponto em baixo, e, a letra A comum pau levantado. Tem assim a sua primeira palavra em rabe: PORTABAB (l-se bb). A letraA pega com a sua anterior e toma um som longo de , um som prolongado de A.

Lio 2.1A ligao das letrasPALAVRA CORAO

A palavra corao em rabe escreve-se assim:Como se lembra das letras anteriores, a letra B com um ponto em baixo, e, a letra L comum pau levantado e a letra Q uma bola com 2 pontos em cima. Tem assi m a sua SEGUNDA

palavra em rabe: CORAOQALB (l-se clbe ). O som da letra Q no princpio da palavra um Q muito forte quase a engasgar a garganta.


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Lio 2.2A ligao das letrasPALAVRA PAI

A palavra pai em rabe escreve-se assim:Como se lembra das palavras anteriores, a letra B com um ponto em baixo, e, a letra A comum pau levantado. Tem assim a sua TERCEIRA palavra em rabe: PAI- AB (l-se b). O som daletra A no princpio da palavra um A normal (no sendo um som prolongado como da

palavra anterior (porta). Assim leva esse pequeno chapelinho chamado de hamza que faz o somda letra A ser um A aberto como em caso.

Continue a ver o resto das pginas para aprender a escrever em rabe no menu em baixo. Obrigado.

Em rabe, as palavras so escritas num estilo cursivo (de forma de letra manuscrita), mas no existe um tipo de letramanuscrita que seja discreta. Por causa disto, as letras so escritas de quatro diferentes maneiras dependendo da sualocalizao nas palavras. O quadro que se segue mostra a forma escrita na letra manuscrita para cada palavra:

Os Numeros

Nmero

Nmeros Dez Nove Oito Sete Seis Cinco Quatro Trs Dois Um Zero

Nomes

em rabe

refranes rabes final media principionombre

letra

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Forma Final Forma MdiaFormaIinicial

FormaSeparada Letra

Alif
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Ba'

Ta'

Tha'

Jim

Ha'

Kh

Dal

Zel

R

Zai

Sin


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Shin

Sad

Dad

Tah

Zah

Ain

Guein

F

Qof

Keaf

Lam


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Miim

Nun

H

Uau

I

Note:

Voc deve ter notado que as seguintes letras : Alef (A), Dal (D), Thal (Th), Ra' (R), Zay (Z), Waw (W) esto

marcadas a vermelho no quadro anteriorin rossonella tabella precedente" tem a mesma forma inicial e final(isso significa que essas letras no se podem juntar com a letra que venha a seguir, quando elas veem no meioou inicio da palavra).

Quando uma letra do grupo de seis letras mencionadas anteriormente, vem perto de outra letra do mesmogrupo, a segunda escrita na sua forma separada. (Confuso? H umexemplo deste caso na prxima lio!).

Quando a letra Alef vem depois da letra Lam, escrita de uma forma diferente (isto o correcto paraambas as formas: meio e fim). A forma : (l-se LA desta maneira).

Exemplo 1Vamos comear com uma palavra simples, a palavra Shams (que quer dizer Sol) composta pelas seguintes letras:

a letra Sheen, depois Meem e por fim Sin. Comeamos com letra Sheen na sua forma

inicial. Depois a letra "Meem" na sua forma mdia. E por fim a letra "Sin" na sua forma final

Lembre-se de comear da direita para a esquerda.

+ +

Depois de juntar a letras, temos a palavra Shams:
http://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson3_p.html#fadihttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson3_p.html#fadihttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson3_p.html#fadi


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Agora vamos tentar outra palavra,que tal o meu nome?

Exemplo 2

Se ainda no sabe o meu nome, bem FADI, eu acho que devia ter sido FADYe vai perceber o porqu naprxima lio. Vamos escrever ento:

Comea com um "F

" que equivale letra "Fa

. Depois a letra "A", que "Alef" . Depois o "D" que "Dal" . Finalmente um "I" ou o "Y" que corresponde a "Ya" (falaremos mais acerca disto na prxima lio).

A palavra deve formar-se como se segue:

+ + +

Depois de juntar as letras, a palavra deve escrever-se assim:

Nota: Lembre-se que as letras "Alef" e "Dal", fazem parte das seis letras que no se podem juntar com letras que vmdepois delas, quando esto no meio ou principio da palavra (asduas regrasque explicam este caso esto na lioanterior!). Por causa disto, as letras "Dal" e "Ya'" so escritas na forma separada (a letra "Dal" vm logo a seguir letra"Alef" e a letra "Ya'" vem logo a seguir letra "Dal").

Agoratente ler as duas palavras que se seguem, que existem em portugus e que esto escritas em manuscrito rabe

(para ter uma ideia, deixe o ponteiro do rato por um momento em cima da palavra):

Para verificar as suas respostas, v prxima lio.

About the Arabic Alphabet

Arabic is read from right to left

There are 29 letters in the Arabic alphabet
http://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2ruleshttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2ruleshttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2ruleshttp://www.arabion.net/portogues/lesson2_p.html#2rules


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29

There is no such thing as capital letters versus small letters

Basically, there is no such thing as printing versus hand writing / cursive

So basically, theres only one way to write Arabic

Read the chart of letters below from right to left, top to bottom

You can click on each letter to hear its name

Basically, all 28 letters are consonants

Vowels are not part of the alphabet; they will be discussed later

AB C D EF G H IJ K L M N OP Q R S T UV W X Y Z

Each letter has 4 forms (which look very similar to each other)

o when you write the letter by itself

o

when it comes in the beginning of a word

o when it comes in the middle of a word

o when it comes at the end of a word


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These forms will be discussed later

The forms you saw in the chart are when the letter is by itself

end middle beginning by itself

When we learn the Arabic alphabet in these lessons, we will talk about the

following things:

o what is the letters name?

o how do you pronounce the letter?

o

how do you write the letter (in all 4 forms)?

The Letter Aleph

The first letter of the Arabic alphabet is Aleph

Remember that all 29 letters in the alphabet are consonants

Well, this is not exactly true for Aleph

Aleph doesnt have its own sound; it is used to stretch the short A vowel to

form the long AA vowel

compare the A sound in Bath& Father

the first is a short A and second is a long AA

Listening & Pronouncing

Listen to the words below. Each recording has two words that sound very

similar except that the first word has no Aleph and the second word has one

Aleph. Repeat the words you hear.


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hadatha & haadatha

suwwam & suwwaam

jariha& jarihaa

Sometimes its hard to hear the Aleph when its at the end of a word

Exercise (easy): how many Alephs do you hear in the following?

Answer [7]

Answer [12]

Answer [9]

Exercise (medium): how many Alephs do you hear in the following?

The pace of the reading is now faster

Answer [6]

Answer [27]

Answer [17]

Exercise (hard): how many Alephs do you hear in the following?

The pace is faster and the Alephs arent exaggeratedThis is how normal Arabic sounds

Answer [18]

Recognizing in Text

Writing the Aleph is easy; its just a straight line

This is how the Aleph looks in the four cases


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end middle beginning of a word by itself

Notice that the Aleph cannot connect to the letter after it

There will be a small gap between the Aleph and the next letter

All the letters in a word must be closely connected

The only spaces between letters are the spaces between the last letter of one

word and the first letter of the next word

So dont confuse the small gap after the Aleph with a space between words

Aleph is one of 6 letters that cannot connect to the following letter

The other 5 will be discussed later

There are 4 other letters that include a straight line

Lets look at these letters briefly so we dont confuse them with Aleph

Its easy to tell Aleph apart from the first 3 letters because they have very

distinct shapes. The first two look like a golf club, and the third one has a

special squiggle on top

The last one is more difficult, though. Lets look at the 4 forms for the last one

and compare with the Aleph

end middlebeginning of a

wordby itself


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Look carefully. You can tell the difference between Aleph and this letter when

its in the beginning or middle of a word because Aleph doesnt connect with

the following letter, but this one does

And you can tell the difference when its at the end because Aleph is just a

straight line and this letter has a curve like the English letter J

Exercise: scan the following texts and identify all instances of Aleph

Answers: [2, 0, 1, 7]

Notice that when Aleph comes after the letter

, it looks like this:

The Aleph curves in to the left a little

Writing

When you write the Aleph and it doesnt connect to the letter on the right,

start from the top and draw a line downward

When you write the Aleph and it does connect to the letter on the right,

come in from the right and draw a line upward

Exercise: practice writing Aleph by copying the table below several times


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end middle beginning of a word by itself

The Letters Baa, Taa & THaa

The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Baa, Taa and THaa

We are grouping these letters together because the basic shape of the letters

looks the same; only the dots are different

Baa (

) corresponds to the English B

Taa (

) corresponds somewhat to the English T

Thaa (

) corresponds somewhat to the combination TH


Baa is easy to pronounce and detect because its identical to the English B

Taa is like the letter T, except is sounds softer

THaa sounds like the TH part in the word bath


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Use the following rule to help you link the Arabic letter shape with the sound:

The word two is spelled with a T and Taa has two dots

The word three is spelled with a TH and THaa has three dots

bat

bat

bath

Exercise: repeat the words you hear in each of the following exercisesTry to find all instances of Baa, Taa and THaa

Answer [1 Taa]

Answer [1 Taa, 1 THaa]

Answer [1 Baa, 2 Taa, 1 THaa]


Answer [2 Baa]


Reading

There are only 2 letters with 1 dot underneath the body: Baa (

) and Jeem

(

)

But the shape of Jeem is completely different from Baa

Jeem has an angle


Baa ()


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Answers [3 Baa, 2 Taa, 0 Thaa], [1 Baa, 3 Taa, 0 Thaa],

[0 Baa, 1 Taa, 0 Thaa], [1 Baa, 0 Taa, 2 Thaa]

Writing

Baa, Taa and THaa are all written with the same body

The body is a long, horizontal curve

The 4 forms of these letters are the same; the only difference is the number

and position of dots


Exercise: copy the Baa-Taa-THaa body 20 times in all 4 forms

Exercise: copy the following word 20 times

The Arabic Vowel Fatha

The Arabic alphabet has 28 letters

These are mostly consonants


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Vowels are NOT part of the alphabet

They are little symbols placed on top or underneath each letter

If a consonant has a vowel on top of it or underneath it, it means the vowel

comes after the consonant

= +

You will almost never see vowels written on paper

You pronounce them, of course (because you cant talk without vowels), but

you dont write them

These are the only places youll see vowels written:

0.

childrens books

1. religious texts

2. poetry

But if we ask you to read Arabic on this website, we will include the vowels

Thats because you need to know Arabic grammar before you can read

without seeing the vowels


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Arabic has only 3 vowels

Lets look at the first one in this lesson

The Fatha Vowel

The first vowel is called Fat-ha

It looks like a sloped tick and it goes right on top of a letter

Fatha is the A vowel in Arabic

Actually, Fatha sounds like a short U (like in the word cup)

What do you think the following words will sound like?

Click on the words to hear them

Remember that the letter Aleph is used to stretch the A sound

Actually, Aleph is used to stretch the Fatha vowel and make it into a long

vowel

Arabic has 3 short vowels and 3 long vowels

Fatha is the first short vowel and Aleph is the first long vowel

Each long vowel corresponds to a short vowel (it makes the short one longer)

Aleph makes Fatha longer


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Exercise: how many Fathas do you hear in the following?

And how many Alephs?

Answer [3 Fatha, 2 Fatha 1 Aleph, 2 Fatha

1 Aleph]

Answer [2 Fatha]

Answer [1 Fatha]

Answer [5 Fatha 2 Aleph]

Exercise: how many Fathas do you see in the following?

Answers: [7, 8]

Some pointers

o You will never see a vowel on top or underneath an Aleph because

Aleph is not a consonant; it is a long vowel

o The letter before an Aleph MUST have a Fatha because Aleph is a long

vowel for Fatha

Exercise: copy the words below and put a Fatha on each letter


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Review 1

Arabic is read from right to left

The alphabet has 29 letters

Basically all the letters are consonants

TH like in bath soft T B

Vowels are not written, but they are pronounced of course

There are 3 of them and they are little ticks on top or underneath a letter

If a letter has a vowel on top / underneath it, it means the vowel come after

that letter

BA

Arabic also has 3 long vowels

These ARE part of the alphabet

Each long vowel matches a short vowel and makes it sound longer (about

twice the length of the short version)

BAA

Words are made up of a group of letters connected to each other


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Some letters, though, cant connect tothe following letter

So there will be a very small space between that letter and the next one

Each letter is made of a body and maybe some dots

The body of each letter has 4 forms

0. when its by itself

1. when its in the beginning of a word

2. when its in the middle of a word

3. when its at the end of a word

End Middle Beginning

The connection lines you see in the table above are exaggerated

Connection lines are usually extremely tiny

Letters are usually recognized by the number and position (above/below) of

the dots, and certain qualities of the body (like loops, angles, lines)

Practice

How many letters and vowels do you recognize in the following recordings?

You might need to listen to each a dozen times or more

Answer [2 Baa, 2 Taa, 1 THaa, 7 Aleph, 4 Fatha (+1 hard to

notice)]

Answer [2 Baa, 6 Taa (+1 doubled), 0 THaa, 4 Aleph, 13

Fatha]

Answer [0 Baa, 0 Taa, 0 THaa, 6 Aleph, 9 Fatha (+1 hard to

notice)]


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How many letters and vowels do you recognize in the following texts?

Answer [10 Aleph, 0 Baa, 3 Taa, 0 THaa, 8 Fatha]

Answer [3 Aleph, 2 Baa, 3 Taa, 1 THaa, 13 Fatha]

Copy each of the below and try to pronounce them

The Letters Jeem, Haa, KHaa

The next letters are Jeem, Haa and KHaa

We are grouping these letters together because their bodies are the same; only the dots are

different


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Jeem corresponds to the English J

Haa corresponds somewhat to the English H

KHaa corresponds somewhat to the combination KH


Jeem corresponds exactly to the English J, like in the word Jet

Haa is like H except it sounds very deep and it comes from the middle of the throat

In English, when you pronounce H, your breath starts from the middle of your mouth

But in Arabic, your breath starts from the middle of your throat which makes it sound very deep

and throaty

In the diagram below, the Haa comes from below the vocal chords, near the area labelled Trachea

Source:http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm

The letter KHaa doesnt really have an equivalent sound in English

But when we need to represent this sound from other languages, we use the combination KH or

CH

Like the German name Johann Sebastian Bach

In the diagram above, KHaa comes from above the vocal chords, near the area labelled Larynx

jet
http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm


27/100

Bach

Exercise: repeat the words you hear in the following recordings

Try to identify all instances of Jeem, Haa and KHaa

Answer [1 Jeem, 1 Haa]

Answer [1 KHaa]

Answer [1 Haa]

Answer [1 Jeem, 1 KHaa]

Answer [1 Jeem, 1 Haa]

Reading

Jeem, Haa and KHaa each have the same body

Their body is quite unique so we dont need to compare it to other letters, really

Its an angle on top of a big loop


Jeem has one dot underneath its body

Haa has no dots at all

and KHaa has one dot on top of the body


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Careful not to confuse the with the ; they both have one dot underneath the body

Careful not to confuse the with other letters; many, many letters have one dot on top of their

body

Use the shape of the body (an angle) to identify these three letters

Exercise: how many Jeem, Haa and KHaa do you see in the following sentences?

Answer [4 Jeem, 0 Haa, 0 KHaa]



Writing

Exercise: copy the following words 3 times each

Improve Your Reading & Writing

Now you know how to identify and write the first 7 letters

But, depending on which other letters these 7 connect to, the script can look

slightlydifferent, as you may have noticed from some exercises


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So lets take a look at a few examples and try to figure out what letters were

looking at and how to figure it out

Sometimes the Aleph is curved like you see twice in the example above

This happens when the letter

(Laam; English L) comes before it

Here is the Aleph with each letter of the alphabet coming before it

Notice that not all letters connect to the letter following

There will be a small gap; notice the size of the gap

Also notice that two letters (

and

) already have a line as part of their body

Careful not to confuse this for an Aleph


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The bodies of Baa, Taa and THaa are sometimes written like a semicircle

Notice the THaa in the first word above

The second word is exactly the same except that the THaa has been writtennormally (we exaggerated the connection a bit, though)

The same goes for Baa and Taa

This semicircle style is optional

It looks nice, though

And it only happens when the following letter is

(Meem; English M)

Notice the last letter in the word above

Its a Taa! Notice the two dots on top!

Taa is one of only 2 letters with 2 dots on top

The other letter is

(Qaaf; English Q) and this is NOT a Qaaf

This is actually kind of complicated

This letter is both a Taa and a Haa (not the Haa we learned about in this

lesson; another Haa)

Sometimes you pronounce it like Taa, and sometimes like Haa


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Well talk more about this whenwe talk about Haa

But basically, a Taa can look like this

This only happens at the end of words

Youll neversee this in the beginning or middle of a word, guaranteed

Notice the beginnings of both of the above words

In the first one, everything looks normal

But in the second one, the Baa is stacked on top of the first Jeem

This can only happen with the letters Jeem, Haa, and KHaa

It happens when any letter comes before them in the beginning of a word

Lets say we have a Haa as the first letter

Then we have a Jeem

You are allowed to stack the Haa on top of the Jeem

And if after the Jeem theres another Jeem, for example

then you can even stack the first Jeem on the second one

to get 3 levels of stacking

This often looks nice

But usually one level is more than enough

And most Arabic computer fonts wont let you do more than one level

And they only do stacking with certain letters before the Jeem, Haa or KHaa


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In the example above, the dot of the stacked Baa is in the same line as the

other dots in the word, roughly

But you are allowed to move the dot of this Baa up so its under the body of

the Baa

Heres another example with a

(Meem; English M)

This has been an overview of stacking

Theres not much more to it, actually

But there are some small rules that we didnt cover here

But nobody follows them anyways

Stacking is taught in grade 8 in many Arab countries

The Letters Daal & Dhaal

The next letters of the alphabet are Daal and Dhaal

Daal and Dhaal look very similar except that Daal has no dots and Dhaal has one dot on top

Daal sounds somewhat like the letter D in English

Dhaal sounds kind of like the letter Z in English, but not really



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Daal sounds like D except it is much softer

Pronounce D and check where your tongue hits the top of your mouth

Now, instead of hitting it there, hit your tongue closer to your teeth

Some people pronounce the word December with a soft D that sounds like a Daal

Dhaal sounds like Z except it is much softer

Dhaal sounds like the TH in words like "This" and "That"

Source:http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66

This is how you pronounce Dhaal:

Put the tip of your tongue below your top central incisors

Now breathe out with force

Your tongue should shiver against your teeth

Dhaal sounds very similar to THaa

To compare THaa and Dhaal, compare the words "Bath" and "That"
http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66http://www.gtchild.co.uk/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=66


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Click on each of the words below to hear the Daal and Dhaal in them

Exercise: repeat the words you hear

Answer [2 Dhaal]

Answer [1 Dhaal]

Answer [1 Daal pronounced twice]

Reading & Writing

Daal and Dhaal have the same body

Daal has no dot

But Dhaal has one dot on top

Daal and Dhaal do NOT connect to the following letter

But the space between them and the next letter is really small most of the time


When theres no letter before them, Daal and Dhaal are a simple angle

When there is a letter before them, Daal and Dhaal look like the letter U in English except with the

left side cut off

(The dot of the Dhaal goes on top of the right side of the U)


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Exercise: how many Daal and Dhaal do you see in the following texts?

Answer [1 Daal, 1 Dhaal]

Answer [2 Daal, 3 Dhaal]

Daal/Dhaal and Jeem/Haa/KHaa are not hard to differentiate

But lets compare them just to be safe


/

//

Exercise: copy the following words

The Letters Raa & Zeiy

The next letters of the alphabet are Raa and Zeiy


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Raa and Zeiy look very similar except that Raa has no dots and Zeiy has one

dot on top

Raa sounds mostly like the letter R in English

Zeiy sounds pretty much like the letter Z in English

The name of the letter Zeiy is sometimes pronounced Zeiy (Zaa-ee)

And other times its pronounced Zaa

Zeiy is more popular in modern Arabic


Raa sounds mostly like R; heres how you pronounce it:

Pronounce R and check where your tongue is while pronouncing

Just bring your tongue a little bit forward (towards your teeth)

Zeiy sounds like Z; theres really no difference


Answer [2 Zeiy]

Answer [1 Raa, 1

Zeiy]

Answer [1 Raa]

Reading & Writing

Raa and Zeiy have the same body

Raa has no dot

But Zeiy has one dot on top


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Raa and Zeiy do NOT connect to the following letter

But the space between them and the next letter is really small most of the

time


Exercise: how many Raa and Zeiy do you see in the following texts?

Answer [4 Raa, 0 Zeiy]

Answer [4 Raa, 2 Zeiy]

Raa/Zeiy and Daal/Dhaal are not hard to differentiate

The Daal/Dhaal body has an angle

But the Raa/Zeiy body is a big, downwards curve

Lets compare them


/

/



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Improve Your Pronunciation

Lets recall the letters weve seen so far


Does NOTconnect

connects

Does NOT

connect


39/100

Aleph stretches the Fatha vowel and creates a long A sound like in the word Father

Baa is exactly like the letter B


Taa is like the letter T except softer

You pronounce it by placing the tip of your tongue behind your central incisors

THaa is like the combination TH like in the word Bath

You pronounce it by placing the tip of your tongue beneath your central incisors and then

breathing softly

Jeem is like the letter J


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Haa is like the letter H except its much more guttural (throaty)

You pronounce it by bringing the air out from the middle of your throat (near the trachea)

KHaa is like the sound in the German name Bach

There is no English equivalent

You pronounce it by bringing the air out from the top of your throat (near the larynx)


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Daal is like the letter D except softer

You pronounce it very similarly to the letter Taa

Except more of your tongue touches the top of your mouth

With Taa, the tip of your tongue touches the part of your mouth where the skin meets the roots of

the central incisors

With Daal, the tip plus more of your tongue touches that part

Dhaal is a bit like the English Z

It actually sounds more like the TH in the word This or That

You pronounce it like you pronounce THaa except a bit more of your tongue touches the bottom of

your central incisors

Also, theres a bit of a shiver in your tongue

Raa is like the letter R

Except your tongue is a bit closer to the opening of your mouth when you pronounce it


42/100

Zeiy is almost exactly like the letter Z

The Letters Seen and SHeen

The next letters of the alphabet are Seen and SHeen

Seen and SHeen look very similar except that Seen has no dots and SHeen has

3 dots on top

Seen is equivalent to the letter S

SHeen is equivalent to the combination SH


Careful not to confuse Seen and THaa

THaa sounds like the TH in Bath

Seen sounds like the S in Bass

bath-tha

bas-sa


Answer [1 Seen]

Answer [1 SHeen]

Answer [1 SHeen]


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Reading

Seen and SHeen have the same body

Seen has no dots

But SHeen has 3 dots on top


The body of Seen/SHeen is 3 cusps followed by a big loop

You dont see the loop when there is a letter coming after

What other letters have a loop that you dont see when theres aletter after?


Make sure not to confuse the cusps of the Seen/SHeen body with the bumps

in letters Baa, Taa and THaa

Can you see the separate letters in the examples below?

Use the dots of Baa, Taa, THaa to help you


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Make sure not to confuse Seen and THaa

They both have 3 dots on top

Can you tell the difference between Seen and THaa in the examples below?

Exercise: read the following to the best of your ability

Writing

Exercise: copy the following words once each


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Remember that when Baa, Taa and THaa come before the letter

(Meem;

English M) that the body of the Baa/Taa/THaa becomes a semicircle

Well this happens with Seen and SHeen also

But, like Baa/Taa/THaa

0. it looks nice but its optional

1. the

must have a letter connected after it as well


The Letters Saad and Daad

The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Saad and Daad


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Saad and Daad look very similar except that Saad has no dots and Daad has one dot on top

Saad sounds kind of like the letter S

Daad sounds kind of like the letter D


Saad sounds like S (so like (

But it has a whistle to it

It can be difficult for a beginner to tell the difference between and

Some differences between and

0. has a slight whistle and does not

1. sounds very fat and its pronounced with a full mouth and is not

2. when you pronounce your lips become round and pouted a bit, but when you

pronounce

they flatten out into a small smile

3. when you pronounce your tongue curves width-wise a bit, but when you pronounce

it stays pretty flat


Answer [2 Saad]

Answer [1 Saad]


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Answer [1 Seen, 1 Saad]

Daad sounds like a soft D (so like (

But it sounds much fatter / thicker


Theres a real way to pronounce Daad, and then theres a way everyone does it in modern Arabic

because the real way is difficult


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The real way of pronouncing Daad is so unique, in fact, that Arabic is called The Language of

Daad

This is how you pronounce Daad the non-real way:

When you pronounce Daal the tip of your tongue touches the part where your top central incisors

meet your gums

Move the tip of your tongue a little further back and pronounce Daal again

The resulting sound is much thicker

This is Daad

Lets not worry about how to do the real pronunciation

No one will notice the difference anyways


Answer [1 Daad]

Answer [2 Daad]

Answer [1 Daad, 1 Daal]

Exercise: each of the following recordings have two words

Which word has the and which word has the ?

Answer [Saad first]

Answer [Seen first]

Answer [2 Seen + 1 THaa, then 1 Saad]

Exercise: each of the following recordings have two words

Which word has the and which word has the ?

Answer [Daal first]

Answer [Daad first]


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Answer [Daal first]

Reading & Writing

The Saad/Daad body is a loop, followed by a cusp, followed by a loop at the end


To write the Saad/Daad body:

Start from a point

Make a loop by going up and to the right

Complete the loop by coming down and to the left

Continue after the loop to create a small cusp

What other letter bodies have a loop (at the end)?




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The Vowels Kasra and Damma

Remember that vowels are not part of the Arabic alphabet

They are little symbols on top or underneath letters

And you wont see the vowels written down in normal texts

Only in holy texts, poetry and when youre learning the language

If a letter has a vowel on top or underneath it, it means the vowel comes

after that letter

= +

BA = B + A

There are 3 vowels in Arabic

We already learned about Fat-ha, which is equivalent to A

The other two are Kasra and Damma


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Kasra looks the same as Fatha except it goes under the letter

And Damma looks like a little ribbon and it goes on top of a letter

Kasra sounds like the vowel E or I

And Damma sounds like the vowel O or U

Practice

Exercise: read the following words then copy them down

Click on the words to hear them


1

2

3

The Letters Taa and Zaa

The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Taa and Zaa


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They have the same body except Zaa has a dot on top of the loop, to right of the line

Taa is NOT the Taa we know from Baa Taa THaa

The sound is similar but this one is much deeper

Zaa sounds a lot like Zaal and Zeiy

But Zaa is much deeper than either of those two

Well talk about the differences shortly


is a much deeper and thicker version of

Lets compare the two sounds:

and

is pronounced the same way as

Your tongue touches the part where your top central incisors meet your gums


53/100


But there are some subtle differences

0. When you pronounce your tongue stays almost flat, but when you pronounce the

center of your tongue sinks down


Answer [1 Taa]

Answer [1 Taa]

Answer [1 Taa (doubled)]

Exercise: read the words below


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...

Zaa is a much deeper version of Zaal

Lets compare the two:

and


Zaa and Zaal are pronounced pretty much the same

The tip of your tongue touches the bottom of your top central incisors

But there are some differences


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0. When you pronounce Zaa the center of your tongue sinks down, but when you pronounce

Zaal it does not sink that much (or at all)


Answer [1 Zaa]

Answer [1 Zaa]

Answer [1 Zaa]

Exercise: repeat the words below

Exercise: which recording in the pair has the and which has the ?

1Answer [

]

Answer []

2Answer []

Answer [

]

3Answer []

Answer [

]

Exercise: which recording has the Zaal, which has the Zeiy and which has the Zaa?


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1

Answer []

Answer []

Answer [

]

2

Answer [

]

Answer []

Answer [

]

3

Answer []

Answer []

Answer []

Reading & Writing

The Taa/Zaa body is a loop followed by a vertical line

The loop is a lot like the loop of and , but theres no cusp


To write the Taa/Zaa body:

Start from a point

Make a loop by going up and to the right

Then complete the loop

When the loop is done, lift your pen and draw the vertical line from top to bottom


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The line of Taa/Zaa is like crossing Ts and dotting Is in English

You usually do it when youre done writing the wholeword

And the same goes for dots in Arabic

When people write by hand, they sometimes end up putting the line of the Taa/Zaa body very

close to the loop, or even on top of it

Thats okay

Exercise: copy the following words to the best of your ability

Careful not to confuse the line of Taa/Zaa with an Aleph

The line of Taa/Zaa will always have the Taa/Zaa loop before it

Exercise: do you see an Aleph in the following words?

Answer [YES]

Answer [YES]

The Letters Ein and GHein

The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Ein and GHein


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Ein and GHein look very similar except that Ein has no dots and GHein has one dot on top

Ein has no equivalent in English that we can compare it to

Well talk more about it later

GHein sounds like the combination GH


Ein is a very throaty letter

It comes from the middle of the throat near the area labelled Trachea


Exercise: Ein is very easy to identify. Listen to the recordings below and repeat what you hear

Be careful if this is the first time youre pronouncing Ein; do not hurt your throat


59/100

1

2

3

4

5

GHein is represented with the combination GH

It sounds like the noise you make when you gargle your throat

GHein comes from the top of the throat near the area labelled Larynx



1

2

3

4


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5

Reading & Writing

The Ein/GHein body is a loop, followed by a cusp, followed by a loop at the end


To write the Ein/GHein body by itself or in the beginning

0. start from the top and create the first semi circle which is slightly tilted upwards

1. it will look like the top of a wrench

2. then continue by drawing the big semi circle underneath if the letter is by itself, otherwise

continue on to the next letter

To write the Ein/GHein body in the middle or end of a word

0. continue from the previous letter

1. draw a diagonal line from the bottom right to the top left

2. continue by drawing a horizontal line from the left to the right

3. continue by drawing another diagonal line from the top right to the bottom left

4. youll end up with an X with a line on top

5.

you can fill in the space between the X and the line on top with your pen later if you want6. this is one of the ways to write Ein/GHein



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Although they look pretty different, you might confuse the Jeem/Haa/KHaa body with the

Ein/GHein body

In particular, when they occur at the end of a sequence

Lets compare the two


Exercise: read the following to the best of your ability


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Arabic Syllables

A syllable is an uninterrupted flow of speech

For example, in the word habitat, the syllables are broken up like this:

ha-bi-tat

There can be different types of syllables depending on how you group the

consonants and vowels to make the syllable

Arabic has 6 types of syllables

3 are common and 3 are rare

Lets use the letter C to represent a consonant, V to represent a vowel and L

to represent a long vowel (like Aleph)

Below are the 6 types of syllables in Arabic

Syllable Structure Examples

common

1 CV

2 CL

3 CVC

rare


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4 CVCC

5 CLC

6 CLCC(double (

Syllable Type 1

1 CV

The first syllable is where you have a consonant then a vowel

This would be like the word hi in English

In English, you can also have a vowel THEN a consonant, like the word it

But in Arabic, syllables NEVER begin with vowels

In English, you can also have more than one consonant and then a syllable

Like tra in the word ex-tra

But you can NEVER have two or more consecutive consonants in one Arabic

syllable

The only way to have Syllable Type 1 in Arabic is to have a consonant then a

(short) vowel

And there are only 3 (short) vowels in Arabic

So the 3 examples

,

and

cover all ways to have Syllable Type 1 in Arabic

Syllable Type 2

2 CL


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Syllable Type 2 is a consonant then a long vowel

Remember, syllables can never begin with vowels

So you can NEVER have a long vowel THEN a consonant make up a syllable

Right now, we only have one example for this type of syllable

There are two others we should give

But we didnt study those long vowels yet

Remember: there are 3 short vowels and 3 longs vowels in Arabic

The long vowels correspond to the short ones by making them longer

We know that Aleph makes the Fatha sound longer

Well talk about how to make the Kasra and Damma sounds longer in a future

lesson

Syllable Type 3 and the Sukoon Symbol

3 CVC

Syllable Type 3 is where you have a consonant and a vowel (like Syllable Type

1), but then another consonant

This is like the word hit in English

In English, you can have more than one consonant after the vowel

Like the sm in the word chasm

But remember: in Arabic, you can NEVER have two or more consecutive

consonants in a single syllable


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Okay, so when you have a Syllable Type 3, the consonant at the end of the

syllable wont have any vowel after it

So there will be no Fatha, Kasra or Damma on top / underneath it

When this happens, some people might leave the letter blank with no vowel

But it is even more common (when youre actually writing down the vowels)

to write a small circle on top of the letter

This circle is called a Sukoon and the letter is called Saakin (meaning, without

vowel)

Click on the words below to hear them

Can a syllable ever begin with a Sukoon?

No. A Saakin letter always signifies the end of a syllable

Exercise: copy the words below and stretch the connections between

syllables

Example: Answer []


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When this happens, we write the Jeem only once and place a symbol on top

of it

This symbol is called a Shadda

It looks like a small W

Notes:

o Shadda indicates the end of a Syllable Type 3 and the beginning of

some other syllable

o therefore, you will never see it in the middle of a syllable... always

between two syllables

o

if a letter has a Shadda, it means there are actually 2 of that lettero

a letter will always have both a Shadda and some vowel on top /

underneath

you will NEVER see a letter with just a Shadda, or a Shadda and a

Sukoon

o sometimes the vowel is written on top / underneath the Shadda, not

the letter

in fact, thats more common and thats how well do it

Exercise: read the following words

Click on them to hear the answer


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Exercise: copy the following

Exercise: write down the word you hear

Answer []

Answer []

Answer [ ]

also accepted [

]

Answer []

Answer [ ]

What if a Syllable Type 3 ends in a consonant and the next syllable begins

with a consonant... the two consonants arent the same, but they soundsimilar like

and

or like

,

and

?


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Pronouncing each letter separately is really hard!

So you have to merge the two letters and make both sound the same

So, in the example above, both

and

will sound like

You use the sound of the first letter

Some people might use the sound of the second letter

People with experience try to pronounce both letters separately

But no Shadda will be written or anything like that

This phenomenon happens rarely, and its usually between

and

It happens because some letters are hard to pronounce right after others

Exercise: pronounce the following word

Rare Syllable Types

The last three syllable types are rare


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Thats because they involve two consecutive consonants in a single syllable

And remember that thats not allowed in Arabic

It happens very rarely and usually at the end of a word

Some examples are given below

CVCC

CLCC

CLC, CV

The Letters Faa, Qaaf and Kaaf

The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Faa, Qaaf and Kaaf

These letters dont really look the same

And only two of them sound the same

But they are typically grouped together anyways

Faa is equivalent to the English letter F

Qaaf is represented by the letter Q; it sounds like K except its deeper

Kaaf is equivalent to the English letter K or C



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Faa sounds exactly like F

Exercise: do you hear a Faa in the following recordings?

Answer [NO]

Answer [1]

Answer [2]

The sound of Qaaf is close to the sound of K

But heres how you really pronounce it:

Make the K sound

Note which part of your tongue hits the roof of your mouth

Dont use this part; use a part of your tongue further back than this

The back of your tongue should be hitting the opening of your throat


Kaaf sounds exactly like K

The same part of your tongue hits the same area on the roof of your mouth

as when you pronounce K

Exercise: which recording in each pair has the Qaaf, and which has the Kaaf?

1Answer [3 Qaaf]

Answer [1 Kaaf]


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2Answer [1 Qaaf]

Answer [2 Kaaf]

3Answer [2 Qaaf]

Answer [2 Kaaf]

Reading & Writing


Faa and Qaaf look the same in 2 of the 4 cases (a small loop)

But remember, sometimes you differentiate letters by the body, and

sometimes you differentiate them by the number and position of the dots

Faa has 1 dot and Qaaf has 2 dots

Plus, when the letter is by itself or at the end, the Faa tail is long and the Qaaf

tail is round

Kaaf is like a backwards L

Kaaf has a special squiggle instead of a dot

This squiggle goes away when its in the middle or beginning of a sequence

When Kaaf is in the middle or beginning, the body kind of changesIt looks like a giant < (less than) sign

Or kind of like an S


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Exercise: read the following words to the best of your ability

Some letters will be new

Learn to recognize what youve seen and what you havent

Exercise: write the word you hear

Answer []

Answer []

Answer [

]

Answer [ ]

Answer [ ]

The Letters Laam, Meem and Noon

The next letters of the Arabic alphabet are Laam, Meem and Noon


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Laam, Meem and Noon are really nothing alike

But we group them together anyways

Laam is pretty much like L

Meem is equivalent to M

Noon is equivalent to N


Laam sounds pretty much like L

But its just a bit different

Heres how you pronounce Laam:

Pronounce the L sound

Notice that the tip of your tongue (and maybe a bit more) touches the roof of

your mouth (close to your teeth)

Now make a bit more of your tongue touch your mouth

In other words, make your tongue a bit flatter against the roof of your mouth

Compare L and Laam in the recordings below

L using both pronunciations

Laam using both pronunciations

Theres nothing much to say about Meem and Noon



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Exercise: repeat what you hear

Reading & Writing


Remember that Aleph and Laam look similar

But Aleph does NOT connect to the next letter

Thats enough to tell them apart


Also, when Aleph comes after Laam, Aleph becomes slightly curved

Meem has a tiny loop


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The loop of the Meem is smaller

And you write the loop of the Meem starting from the bottom

You can tell its written starting from the bottom

But the loop of Faa and Qaaf is very round

Remember that you write the loop of Saad/Daad starting from the top

But the loop of Meem starts from the bottom

end middle beginning

Note that when Noon is by itself or at the end, the body is a deep curve

But when its in the beginning or middle, the body is identical to

Baa/Taa/THaa


You can think of the Noon body (by itself or at the end) as a deep curve

Or as the loop at the end of the Saad/Daad body with a dot on top


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Or as a Zaal with the body rotated almost 90 degrees

Use the single-dot of Noon to differentiate between it and Baa, Taa and THaa


(Optional) try to read the ones you can

Exercise: beside each word below, put the letter of the recording that

matches it

F A

C B

HC


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B D

D E

A F

G G

E H

The Last 4 Letters of the Alphabet

The last 4 letters of the alphabet are as follows

W

H

A

Y

Waw is equivalent to W

Haa is kind of like H, and its different from the Haa we learned in Jeem, Haa, KHaa

Hamza is like the letter A, except its not a vowel

Well explain this in detail in the lesson

Hamza is the only letter whose name doesnt reflect how it sounds

Yaa is equivalent to Y

Waw and Yaa can also be used as long vowels like Aleph

Well talk about this in the lesson


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Lets learn these letters in a different order for convenience

Haa

This Haa is different from the Haa we learned in Jeem, Haa, KHaaThat one was really throaty

This one sounds like the noise you make when you say Ugh when youre annoyed

See the difference between and by comparing these two words

In English H, your breath starts from the center of your mouth (try it)

In Arabic (, your breath starts from the middle of your throat (near the area labelled Larynx

In Arabic (, your breath starts from the bottom of your throat (near the area labelled Trachea


Exercise: how many and how many do you hear in these recordings

Answer [0 and 4]
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