circulações locais

7/30/2019 Circulaes Locais

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Circulaes Locais


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What is the effect ofchanges in the surface

forcing on rainfall?


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http://www.master.iag.usp.br/

ensino

ciculaes locais

CirculacoesLocais.pdf
http://www.master.iag.usp.br/http://www.master.iag.usp.br/


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Evoluo diurna, camada de mistura ecirculaes locais

QH QLEQR

QA

Balano de energia em superfcie

QR+ QH + QLE +QG+ QA = 0

Razo deBowen

LE

H

Q

Q


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Stull, 1988, An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology


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QH

QLEQH

QLE

c1 c2


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FRIO QUENTE

z

x


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Mixed layer evolution

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

5 10 15 20

Local time

Height

(m) pasture dry

pasture wetforest dry

forest wet

Fisch et al 2001


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Circulaes entre reas desmatadas e floresta

Silva Dias, M. A. F. e P. Regnier, 1996: Simulation of MesoscaleCirculations in a Deforested Area of Rondonia in the Dry Season. In:Amazonian Deforestation and Climate. J. Gash, C. Nobre, J. Roberts, R.Victoria, Eds., John Wiley & Sons, pp. 531-547

Silva Dias, M. Longo, D. R. Fitzjarrald, A. S. Denning. River breezecirculation in Eastern Amazon: observations and modeling results.Theoretical and Applied Climatology, DOI 10.1007/s00704-004-0047-6, , v. 78, n. 1-3, p. 111-121,2004.Fisch, G. F., Tota, J. Machado, L. A T. Silva Dias, M. A. F.;Lyra, R. F. F.

Nobre, C. , Dolman, A J., Gash, J. H. C. . The convective boundary layerover pasture and forest in Amazonia. . Theoretical and AppliedClimatology, DOI 10.1007/s00704-004-0043-x , v. 78, n. 1-3, p. 47-59,2004.


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CIRSAN/LBACirculaes em Santarm

http://www.lba.iag.usp.br


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29,0

29,5

30,0

30,5

31,0

31,5

32,0

08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00

Local time (hours)

Watertemperature(deg.C)

0.1m

0.3 m

0.7 m

1.0 m

c

23 July 2001 Tapajs

(from Pindobal to Boimand back)

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00

Local time (hours)

Watertemperature(deg.C)

0.1m

0.3 m

0.7 m

1.0 m

28 July 2001 Tapajs & Amazonas(red line: temperature where the two riversmerge)


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16/76CPTEC global analysis


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RUN 2 23 M ABOVE THE SURFACE


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Vertical cross sections

Grid 2

Tapajs and Amazonas with different

temperatures


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Vertical cross sections

Grid 2

Tapajs and Amazonas with different

temperatures


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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river


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Potencial temperature


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Qual o efeito do desmatamento na formaode nuvens e de chuva?


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TRMM-LBA Region: Forest vs. Non-Forest

SPOL

Profiler

TOGAFOREST

NON-FOREST

Carey et al 2001

RONDNIA

Rondnia topography


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TRMM-LBA Region: Topography

Elevated>= 223 m

Non-Elevated< 223 m

Carey et al 2001

Rondnia - topography


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6:20 7:20 8:20 9:20 10:20 11:20 12:20

Local Time

Time of first radar echoes

S-Pol Jan/Feb 1999

easterlies

westerlies


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0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

Frequenc

y

(%)

Forest -

Below

Aver age

Forest -

Above

Aver age

Pasture -

Below

Aver age

Pasture -

Above

Aver age

Vegetation Altitude at Location of Convection

Initiation

Wet Season - All Cases

TOG

SPO

Pereira et al 2000


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Carey et al 2001


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Category February 1999 MeanRain Depth (mm)

Forested 198.5Non-Forested 183.1

Relative Difference

(F-NF)/[(F+NF)/2]

8 %

TRMM-LBA: SPOL Derived Rain Depth (mm)

February 1999

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

525

45

65

85

105

125

145

165

185

205

225

245

265

285

305

325

345

365

385

more

Rain Depth Bin (mm)

Fractionof

GridCells(%)

Forested

Non-Forested

Effects of Deforestation on Cumulative Rain Depth

Carey et al 2001


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TRMM-LBA: S-POL Derived Rain Depth (mm)

February 1999

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

5 25 45 65 85 105

125

145

165

185

205

225

245

265

285

305

325

345

365

385

more

Rain Depth Bin (mm)

FractionofGridCells(%)

Elevated

Non-Elevated

Effects of Elevation on Rain Depth

Carey et al 2001

Estao Chuvosa 1999 Radar Total de Chuva Mensal


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100

120

140

160

180

200

220

ALL

NE E

NF F

NF

NE

NF

E

F

NE

F

E

Surface category

M

ontlyPrecipitation(mm)

F - Floresta; NF No FlorestaE - Elevado; NE- No Elevado

Horizontal resolution: 4 km

l k l b


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RAMS simulation, 2 km resolution, 7 Feb 1999


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7 February 1999


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C t l i t f d f t ti


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0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

1,1

1,2

0 20 40 60 80 100Deforestation (%)

Relative

Precipitation

.Avissar et al 2002

Conceptual impact of deforestation on

relative precipitation

Durieux, Machado & Laurent, 2003: The effect of


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deforestation on cloud cover...Deforest (D)

Florest (R)


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Estao secaMais nuvenscumulus sobre

regiesdesmatadas tarde e menosnuvens

cumulonimbus noite.

Cobertura de Nuvens Baixas

Cobertura de Nuvens Altas

Ch Mais Nuvens


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Estao Chuvosa Mais NuvensCumulonimbus

sobre regies que

incluemdesmatamentoHigh Cloud Cover


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Estao seca - dia

Solo quente e seco


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Estao chuvosa

"More precipitation over deforested areas in the wet season,l i th d i d lit


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less in the dry season: increased seasonality -may be a northward shift of the equatorial-tropical transition

zone" - Durieux et al

++-

Avano doregime de

chuvas docerrado

Negri et al, 2004 The Impact of Amazonian Deforestation on Dry Season


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Negri et al, 2004 The Impact of Amazonian Deforestation on Dry SeasonRainfall

Analysis of 14 yearsof monthly estimatesfrom the SpecialSensor MicrowaveImager revealed thatonly in August did the

pattern of rainfallshow increasesover the deforestedregion.


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Travelling Mesoscale Convective Systems are a main source ofprecipitation in the Amazon Basin: initial development is a function of

surface but MCS forgets its origin during the lifetime

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