case onibus final

8/14/2019 Case Onibus Final

1/40

CITY OF CURITIBAPARAN - BRAZIL

EXPO 2010 - UBPA CASE PROPOSAL

THE CITY

OF CURITIBAINTEGRATEDBUS SYSTEM


2/40

The City o Curitiba Integrated Bus System

Beto RichaMayor o Curitiba

SHANGAI EXPO 2010 COMMITTEE

CHAIRMANEduardo Lopes Pereira Guimares

Municipal Secretary o International Relations and Protocol

MEMBERSIPPUC - Institute or Research and Urban Planning o CuritibaAugusto Canto NetoPresident

URBS S.A. - Municipal body for Public TransportationManagement and Trafc OperationsPaulo Aonso SchmidtPresident

Clodualdo Pinheiro JniorDirector or Business Development

Municipal Institute for TourismLuiz de Carvalho

President

Jos Antnio AndreguettoMunicipal Secretary o Environment

Curitiba S.A. - Municipal Company for Economic DevelopmentJuraci Barbosa SobrinhoPresident

IPPUCLubomir Ficinski Dunin

Project Coordinator

ASSISTANTSLiana VallicelliPriscila TiboniLara RodriguesCristiana Camargo Gusso

CREDITSResearch and English RevisionGisele Krzyzanowski

PHOTOSNani GoesCarlos RuggiSMCS


3/40

Expressions of Interest Form for UBPASelf-Recommend Exhibition Case Proposals

02.

Case ID No. to be lled

out by the organizer

Case Title The City of Curitiba Integrated Bus System

City and Country Curitiba - Brazil

The authorized sources thatintroduced and recommendedthe proposed case (Pleaseattach the photocopies o thename, cover, contents andrelevant documents o the

mentioned sources)

Curitiba as a Model City

Reasons for Self-Recommendation

Brieng of the Recommended Case

1. BACKGROUND OF THE CASE

2. PERFORMANCE OF THE CASE

3. EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CASE

Case Master Plan

Contact Person

World BankEast Asia Urban Development Unit

page 07.

page 15.page 19.page 29.

page

33.

page 38.


4/40


5/40

City of CuritibaIntegrated Bus System

COUNTRY AND CITY

Brazil is a Federative Republic and municipalities have their own autonomy.The local governments are responsible or developing, coordinating and

implementing policies and projects according to the States and Federal laws

related to urban planning, environmental, public transportation, education,

health care, and social services issues.

Curitiba, the capital city o Paran State, located in the South Region o Brazil,

is 315 years old. Situated 905 m above ocean level, the climate is classied

as a moist subtropical type with average temperatures o 19oC in the summer

and 13oC in the winter.

The city is the center o a metropolitan region encompassing 26 municipalities

totaling 3.2 million inhabitants. Only in the city boundaries, 1.8 million people

are living. The urbanization process in Curitiba and in the Metropolitan Region

o Curitiba ollowed the Brazilian pattern with an intense population growth

in the 70s and 80s decades as result o the rural-urban migrations.

04.


6/40

05.

Curitiba is an important cultural, political and economic center.Comprising a comprehensive inrastructure, Curitiba and its

Metropolitan Region have a wide range o spaces and acilities, such

as an international airport, modern convention centers, shopping

centers, a diversied gastronomy, a broad hotel inrastructure,

a variety o retail areas, outstanding leisure spaces, a network o public

parks and woods, museums and theaters. In addition, Curitiba is reerenceas regards education and health care, counting on with 4 universities such

as the Federal University o Paran, the oldest Brazilian university and a number

o hospitals, including 3 University-Hospitals.

The Service Sector is responsible or 65% o ormal jobs in Curitiba, ollowed

by the Commerce Sector with 18% and Manuacturing Industry with 17%

o total employment.

Curitiba is worldwide known as a city planning model in Brazil with over 40 years

o urban planning experience.

The city is adhered to the integration among the urban unctions as an induction

principle or urban growth. Land Use or the city space arrangement is linkedto the Road System prioritizing the Public Bus System over the individualtransportation, valuing the city space addressed to the pedestrian. The city relieson the countrys most ecient public transit system. In addition to these guidelines,

the city growth is also oriented by its social, environmental and economic policies.


7/40

CURITIBA AS A MODEL CITY

For the last decades many national and international missions have come toCuritiba in order to know and study its orward projects, especially regarding

the citys Integrated Bus System and its environmental approach on urban

planning. Some new Public Transit Systems in Brazil and abroad are basedon the Curitibas System, encompassing dierent proles o cities, as ollows:

06.

Fortaleza Brazil Bus Integration

Campo Grande Brazil Bus Integration

Cuiab Brazil Bus Integration

Manaus Brazil Bus Integration

Natal Brazil Bus Integration

Campina Grande Brazil Bus Integration

Aracaju Brazil Bus Integration

Grande Vitria Brazil Bus Integration

Recife Brazil Dedicated Lanesand Bus Integration

Salvador Brazil Bus Integration

Florianpolis Brazil Bus Integration

Joinville Brazil Bus Integration

Blumenau Brazil Bus Integration

Londrina Brazil Bus Integration

Cascavel Brazil Bus Integration

Uberlndia Brazil Bus Integration

Quito Ecuador Dedicated Lanes and Bus Integration and Integration Stations

Bogota Colombia Dedicated Lanesand Bus Integration

Guayaquil Ecuador Dedicated Lanesand Bus Integration

Rio de Janeiro Brazil In order to prepare the city for the 2014International Soccer Championship and tosubmit its candidacy for the 2016 Olympic

Games, it is being studied a system ofdedicated lanes and bus integration tocomplement the Citys Metro System

Capital of Gois State

Capital of Cear State

Capital of Mato Grosso do Sul State

Capital of Mato Grosso State

Capital of Amazonas State

Capital of Sergipe State

Capital of Esprito Santo State

Capital of Pernambuco State

Capital of Bahia State

Capital of Santa Catarina State

Capital City

Capital of Ecuador

Capital of Rio de Janeiro State

The second most populous city of Paraba State

City with a relevant industrial Districtsituated in Santa Catarina State

City with a relevant industrial Districtsituated in Santa Catarina State

The most populous city in Ecuador

City located in the western of Minas Gerais State

City located in the western region of Paran State

City located in the northern region of Paran State

Capital of Rio Grande do Norte State

CITY COUNTRY INTERVENTION

Goinia Brazil Dedicated Lanes and Bus Integration


8/40

Reasons for Self-Recommendation

The case City o Curitiba Integrated Bus System is a best practice exampleo how integration o public transit with urban planning, without losing sight

o environment concepts, has born ruits.

The case oers opportunity to understand the processes o change in Curitiba

that led to a sustainable urban development.

The revolution began in the 60s when the City and its citizens tried to answer

two important questions: which is the city vocation and where does it lead to.

As an answer to those two questions, the 1943 Master Plan which envisioned,permitted and induced the city growth rom the center to the outlying

neighborhoods, in a radial pattern, in evermore all-embracing circles,

was substituted by the new 1966 Master Plan.

In opposition to the circularly conceived city, where the main thoroughares

and itineraries led always rom the center to the periphery and vice-versa

and the public transit was thought as something subsidiary to the car,

the 1966 Master Plan broke away radically and irreversibly the citys radialgrowth pattern and embraced the idea to change the model o urban expansion

into a linear growth.

07.


9/40

08.


10/40

To do this the new Master Plan aimed at setting up a system o structuralarteries intended to oster the citys growth called Structural Axes. These axeswould provide new areas or high density housing, medium-sized business

and services and allow the setting up o a mass public transit system that

would not only grow with the demand but i necessary it would induce it.

The mass public transit should be conceived not as a collection o separatelines, but as a System. Instead o the car, the mass public transit system andthe land use laws would lead the urban growth and create a new urban

landscape in Curitiba.

The rst axis to be implemented, the North-South, should be 60 meters wide

along its 20 kilometers o length. It implied in high costs o expropriations

or which no unds were available. To solve the problem o the axis width

the hypothesis the Trinary System of Roads, a three-road system, was raised.

09.


11/40

The idea was to divide the trac into three roads using already existing moreor less external parallel streets, one on each side o the main thoroughare

already existing and now considered a structural artery. This consisted basically

o a central road and two a one-way road on its either side. The central road

was divided into 3 sections, two sections with a one-way street or local tracand parking and a central two-way street dedicated or buses in the center.

The external roads were meant or continuous trac fow in and out downtown

area. The continuity o the three external parallel streets was ensured through

small expropriations at a very low cost.

In a time o cheap uel, Curitiba decided to base its development not on road

thinking, not on car, but on a public transportation development, avoiding also

costly solutions by the use o bus system.

It was a beginning o a transportation and environmental revolution. All todays

political concern over CO2 emissions was really addressed and with the

introduction o biouel in the near uture, the emissions will be dramatically

decreased.

10.


12/40

11.


13/40

The 1966 Master Plan also call or preservation o green areas that alreadyexisted. Among them the Iguau Park, one out o a nowadays existing network

o over 30 Parks and Woods. The Iguau is a river that is born in Curitiba

and attracts millions o tourists to its world renowned alls. The idea o thoseparks would be nothing more than the preservation o the areas along

riverbanks subject to fooding, giving back to river what belongs to it.

During 42 years, Curitiba steadily pursued its objectives and built step by step

o its Integrated Bus System and its environmental preservation.

The Green Line, the new development axis currently under construction,integrating public transit, land use readjustments and a 22 km Linear Park

is the most recent materialization o Curitibas development vision.

Sel-recommendation o the case o the City o Curitiba Integrated BusSystem as a model - as already shown - is based in real acts that demonstratethat very good results can be achieved by small steps and political will.

12.


14/40

13.


15/40

14.


16/40

Brieng of The Recommended Case

1. BACKGROUND OF THE CASE

In the early sixties, at an era o extremely cheap oil and at a moment whenBrazil was implementing its own automobile industry, thus geometrically rising

the domestic supply o cars, and when Curitiba was beginning to ace

accelerated demographic growth - to be accentuated in the 70s and 80s -

and the consequent disorganization o some urban unctions, the pressures

on the citys inrastructure became insurmountable.

It became clear that the 1943 Master Plan, due to its vision and the coststo be incurred or its implementation, could not address the situation.

A turning point occurred during the debate over a large overpass that the

States Development Company reused to nance oering instead unds thatwould enable a new Master Plan or Curitiba to be drawn up.

By 1966 the new Master Plan was ready and ater a public consultation, ocially

in eect. The 1966 Master Plan reversed completely the 1943 Master Planand proposed the linear growth and structural arteries - the Structural Axes -that would concentrate population and services according to the directives

o the new land use regulations established by the Plan. So along the StructuralAxes there would be a maximum density that should decrease with the distanceo the axes. Thus, the remaining zones have been designed with decreasing

densities rom those axes, which constituted the basis or structuring the city.

That enabled the city to maximize investments and reduce inrastructure costs.

The downtown core area that concentrated cultural and religious establishments

would be protected and the commerce and the services would be decentralized

along these Structural Axes and special streets named Collector Roads whereretail and services were also located to serve citizens in their own neighborhoods,

avoiding unnecessary trips.

15.


17/40

This arrangement would provide density to an ecient mass public transportnotwithstanding the act that the public transportation in many occasions

could be used to induce desirable land occupation.

A hierarchy o city streets was also proposed by the Plan. The Structural Axeswere connected to the neighborhoods trough Collector Roads and othercomplementary roads.

16.


18/40

With all these major changes, the new vision o public transportation as a Systemwas developed and the bus was chosen as the modal avoiding expensive solutions.

Other than getting decongested the city center, revitalizing its historical district

and giving priority to pedestrians, creating new parks and preserving its green

areas, the new Master Plan also brought on economic changes. Until the endo the 1960s, the municipal economy was locally-oriented and incipient, ocused

on commerce and services. The 1966 Master Plan gave rise to its industrializationprocess by setting aside an area to the West o the city or industrial uses.

The 1966 Master Plan has also recommended the creation o an institution thatshould monitor and detail its implementation.

Thus, the Institute or Research and Urban Planning o Curitiba (IPPUC) was

created. IPPUC is a municipal body that was responsible and is until today by

implementing and monitoring the urban planning process or the City o Curitiba.

Its main responsibilities among others are: to implement the measures that are

necessary to improve living conditions or the population; develop and deliver

to the Mayors Oce a drat bill establishing the urban plan; develop studies

and research or the citys integral planning development; analyze and propose

legislation and administrative measures that may be representative or thedevelopment o the city.

17.


19/40

18.


20/40

2. PERFORMANCE OF THE CASE

Ater the approval o the 1966 Master Plan, IPPUC began the detailing oits basic guidelines that encompass seven sections, dealing with road system,

zoning, land subdivisions, urban renovation, preservation and revitalization

o historical areas, green areas and building code.

For the rst time in the history o Curitiba, urban planning and its application

were based on the tripod: Land Use, Road System and Public Transportationdeveloped together.

During the 1966-70 period the plan o the Central Slow Trafc ring to protectthe central area and the Structural Sector Project were detailed. The StructuralSector was composed by the Trinary System, a corridor o buses only, sidedby slow trac roadways, and two parallel streets or ast trac.

In 1971 began the implementation o the plan, rst with implantation o theFlower Street Pedestrian Area, the rst in the country. Notwithstanding otheruses, the transormation o the most important downtown street into

a pedestrian area was symbolic to signalize the start o great transormations

in the city, demonstrating clearly the priority o the people over the car.

19.


21/40

20.


22/40

21.

During the 1971-74, the creation o great parks, woods and massive street treeplanting was initiated having as outcome the todays ratio o 50m o green area

per inhabitant transorming Curitiba in a bio-city.

In 1974 the Express Bus - a new model designed to operate in the axis, withcapacity to transport 100 passengers - begins to operate in the North-South

Axis, a 20 km long axis. The city had approximately 700.000 inhabitants and

all bus lines, including the new North-South Axis line were transporting 500.000

passengers per day.

From 1974 till now, 34 years span o time, Curitibaabode to its public transportation guidelines. As a resultthe Integrated Bus System transports 2.2 millionpassengers per day in a city with 1.8 million inhabitants.

The main line, the North-South Axis itsel transports

420.000 passengers per day.

All this development was done step by step through

rather simple measures compatible with the nancial

possibilities o the city.

There were too much small steps to be described

in this document, but there are some points in the

trajectory o development o the Integrated BusSystem that deserve to be indicated.


23/40

In 1975 twelve Feeder Bus lines were physically integrated to the North-SouthAxis in their two Bus Terminals, thus beginning the integration process. At that

time 14% o the whole system was integrated.

22.

In 1977 the Boqueiro Axis, with two Bus Terminalsand 10.6 km long was inaugurated.

In 1979 the rst Circle Line connecting the HauerBus Terminal, located on the Boqueiro Axis,

to the Capo Raso and Cabral Bus Terminals locatedon the Nor th-South Axis.


24/40

23.


25/40

24.


26/40

25.

1991 - The boarding-on-the-same-level-o-the-busin Integration Stations and in special stations called

Tube Stations was inaugurated. It represented andstill represents one o the most innovative solutions

regarding the bus model. Other than improving the

passenger comort, it enormously reduces the boardingand disembarking time and promotes accessibility

to all citizens. The pre-payment o the are that started

being use with the Tube Station was very importantto the process as well.

In 1980 the East and West Axes with its 22 km long were inaugurated.The Integrated Transportation Network - RIT was set up allowing the areand physical integration involving several types o bus services and the possibility

o making several itineraries with the payment o a single are. The passenger

paying one are can use the all system changing the busses at the Bus Terminals.

The new, Articulated Bus with capacity o transporting 160 passengers entered

in operation in the Express Lines o Boqueiro Axis.

1981 - 84 - Construction o 15 new Bus Terminals on the ve axes.

1984 - As the beginning o the streamlining o the whole transportation system,185 bus lines were reduced to 14 Express Lines and 54 Feeder Lines. At this time

55% o the public transportation was already integrated.


27/40

26.


28/40

1992 - The new Bi-articulated Bus, 25 m long and with capacity to transport270 passengers began the operations on the Boqueiro Axis.

2006 - A total o 93% o all public transportation are tari and physically integrated.

2007 - Beginning o the construction o the Green Line - a Sixth Axis, intendingto be the rst metropolitan axis 22 km long. The Green Line will be the greatestavenue o Curitiba designed with a new concept o an urban avenue.

27.

2000 - The Bi-articulated Bus was operatingon the 5 Axis.


29/40

28.


30/40

3. EFECTIVENESS OF THE CASE

Other than saving an enormous amount o money to nance the constructiono broad avenues and avoid unnecessarily and destructive urban surgery and

the use o expensive modals, the implementation o the Integrated Bus System

has been o paramount consequences to the city.

The System acted eectively as a spear-head or the city development byinducing the land occupation and creating a new urban pattern with a unique

urban landscape.

Integrations at the Bus Terminals combined with the same are allowing

the total use o the system guarantee the ull accessibility to all urban areas.

From this stand point Curitiba, today, maybe described as an Open City,

once people can reach everywhere by bus.

Another outcome rom the Integrated Bus System is the decentralizationo the location o jobs and services.

29.


31/40

In 1964, 80% o passengers using public transportation had as destination thecentral area. Recent research on the Nor th-South Axis demonstrates that 55%

o the all passengers destinations was to the South Axis, 26% was to the North

Axis and only 19% was to the central area.

This distribution clearly demonstrates the decentralization o jobs and services

accomplished due to the guidelines provided by the 1966 Master Plan.

Today, existing data demonstrates the most requently modals used by people

living in Curitiba.

As to environmental issues, given the act that 44% o the people interviewed

have car, it is easy to veriy the diminishing o emissions o CO2 due to the

bus-oriented pattern o development, the Integrated Bus System o Curitiba.

The new transportation operation measures in study overlapping and

in implementation - the Green Line should also contribute to reduce evenmore the emissions on the South Axis by 40.9 tons per year.

30.

MODAL TO WORK (%) TO STUDY(%) OTHER ACTIVITIES (%)Bycicle 4.96 2.33 2.18

Car 18.96 16.28 32.20

Motorcycle 3.18 1.74 1.96Taxi 0.25 0.58 1.16

Public Transit 42.37 50.59 53.07

Transport 2.29 - 0.65of Enterprise

Van - 1.16 -

Walk 21.50 25.58 7.25

Other 4.58 1.74 1.38

Did Not Answer 1.91 - 0.15

Total 100 100 100

Obs.: Research made with a sample of 1855 people.


32/40

31.


33/40

The Value of The Case in The FutureUrban mobility and accessibility in the ast growing cities all over the worldis one o the most important issues regarding urban development. Urban tracproblems are common not only in large cities but also in medium and even

in small cities.

The case demonstrates that:

The concept and implementation methodology of the

case presented was tested by real use and approved.

It is not necessary to do everything at the same time,a System can be implemented step by step.

In order to implement a System this way strong political

will and commitment are essential over the time.

The solutions adopted may be innovative but should

seek simplicity and easibility.

Integration between land use, road system and

transportation must be pursued.

Solutions should consider the built and the natural

environment. The notion o development should

be strongly linked to the notion o preservation.

Even adopting a traditional solution, the bus, the less

expensive o a wide range o transportation mass

modals, when used with creative operational solutions

can be extremely ecient.

Citizens should be involved early in the process

in order to support the actions in the uture and

be proud o the System.

32.


34/40

Case Master PlanThe Curitibas Pavilion, a light poliedric metal structure, with 220 m2 will bebuilt in an area o 600 to 800 m2. The exposition area will be a continuous

space excepted by a small auditorium or 20 to 30 people. The Pavilion will

be surrounded by a garden designed by a landscape architect and two totemsto indicate its entrance. At night media projections will be made on the external

walls o the Pavilion.

The exposition o the Case of Curitiba Integrated Bus System is beingconceived to meet two types o visitors: the general public and the mayors,

managers and transportation specialists rom the Chinese and other cities

in the world. It isthe reason why the Curitibas Pavilion will have two distinct

areas. The multimedia area to show and explain to the visitors the Concept,the Beginning, the Evolution and the Future o the Curitibas System o PublicTransportation that along the last 43 years has been a model to many cities.

The other area, the auditorium, or meetings and presentations with

simultaneous translations to municipal representatives that would like

to learn more about the System.

33.


35/40

Themes and Medias of Exhibition

EntranceElectronic Door - The visitor is invited by a sound

system to say the word CURITIBA as a password

to open the door and enter in the Pavilion.

Station 1A panel showing general inormation about the

Master Plan and about Curitibas urban planning

process highlighting land use, road system, public

transportation and the environmental approach.

Station 2Digital inormation about the Systems concept and

banners showing the Road System hierarchy, the Bus

System and the bus types. In this Station the visitor will

nd inormation o the beginning o the implementation

o the System, back in 1974 when the transportation

capacity was o 500.000 passengers per day.

Station 3A scale model demonstrating the evolution o the

System step by step until today. In a big screen,

the visitor will experience a bi-articulated bus trip

rom the stand point o view o the bus driver.

In panels the visitor will see the on-level boardingand disembarking.

34.


36/40

35.


37/40

Station 4A screen will show the new eatures proposed to

update the System allowing the special bi-articulated

busses operating on the dedicated lanes to overtake.

These busses will stop only at the Bus Terminals and

will have trac priority at the intersections. The solution

will enhance the bus operational speed and consequently

the number o passenger transported. Going on,

the visitor will see on a screen the Green Line, currently

under construction, a new public transportation axis

that incorporates signicant environmental concepts,

such as biouels and a Linear Park with native plants.

Special StationEach hour ten visitors will be chosen to make a virtual

trip through the Parks network and other touristic points

o Curitiba.

Exit

When leaving the exposition the visitor will receivea older or a DVD card containing graphic or digital

inormation about the exposition. A special brochure

about the Curitibas Integrated Bus System History

is going to be issued to present special authorities

visiting the Pavilion.

During the Opening week o the Exposition,

the Mayor o Curitiba and other municipal authorities

will make presentations to mayors o other cities

especially invited.

During all the exposition period, Municipal sta will

make presentations to the mayors, managers and

transportation specialists.

36.


38/40

37.


39/40

Contact PersonEduardo Lopes Pereira GuimaresSecretary o the Secretariat o International Relations and Protocol

Chairman o the EXPO 2010 COMMITTEE

[email protected]@pmc.curitiba.pr.gov.br

Mailing AddressPalcio 29 de Maro

Avenida Cndido de Abreu, 817 - Centro Cvico

Curitiba - Paran - Brazil

80530-908

Lubomir Ficinski DuninAdvisor to the President o IPPUC

Project EXPO 2010 Coordinator

[email protected]@ippuc.org.br

Mailing AddressIPPUC

Rua Bom Jesus, 669 - Cabral

Curitiba - Paran - Brazil

80035-010

38.


40/40

case onibus final

Documents