vigiar e punir – história da !#$%&!'(%')(*+!),-)( · pdf filer....

R. EMERJ, Rio de Janeiro, v. 16, n. 62, p. 37 - 64, abr. - set. 2013 37

Vigiar e Punir – História da !"#$%&!'(%')(*+!),-)(

(Michel Foucault)

CRISTINA TEREZA GAULIA !"#$%&!'!()(*+,%+&!-'!

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No livro, Foucault faz um exame dos mecanismos sociais e teóricos <,3 "1BC%$%" %) ",0%&@%) &1) )/)43"%) +3&%/) 1'/03&4%/)* 030/'%&01J)3

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O Direito Penal moderno assume portanto um novo lema: o de que ele não existe mais para punir crimes, mas para readaptar delinquentes.

Vigiar e Punir divide-se em quatro partes:

T 1ª Parte.(U,+.G'/1

V W%+I XF MY W1$+1 01) W1&03&%01)O


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SUPLÍCIO E PUNIÇÃO

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Refere Foucault:

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1 FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e Punir. dde 30I* S34$?+1./)F !0I a1P3)* fgg5* +I 55I


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poder sobre o corpo do delinquente.

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"#$%&!'+$('+(N#8(+T:#+(')(:!$;"!'+&)$?3

2 LD#')6, p. 12.

3 (LD#')6, p. 14.

4 (LD#')6, p. 13.


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tal como a prisão suprime a liberdade, ou uma multa suprime os bens”6.

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5(LD#')6, p. 14/15.

6 LD#')6A p. 16.

7 LD#')6, p. 17.


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para a alma.

São tais efeitos:

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i1,C3 ,"% $303;&/@A1 0%) /&#$%@H3) 3 03 ),% >/3$%$<,/%I m"% $3C/-são das tolerâncias, dos limites.

8 LD#')6, p. 18.

9 LD#')6, p. 18-19.


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Este estudo de Foucault revela sua atualidade absoluta no Brasil do )9',.1 ``X* 1&03 1 3)B2"% 01 '$/"/&1)1 MSSSO K+$341* +1-$3* +$1)B4,4%L

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urbana”11, aponta de forma percuciente, também com apoio em Foucault, que:

I+( o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

10 LD#')6, p. 19.

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12(LD#')6, p. 50.


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13 FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e Punir. +5?(:#%., p. 20-21.


-!")-$()7%&!OW,&9'#:+$(P???Q(E(5!&!()$:,$!&(+(W,#<(')($)&(5,&!()($#658)$6)-%)(!B,)8)(B,)(:!$;"!.(ZI!%,&!86)-%)A('!6+$(,6(N)&)'#:%+A(6!$(!#-'!(B,)(&):8!6!'+(5+&(,6(:&#6)A(N+:U$(D)6(5+')6(N)&(B,)(5!&!(-M$(G,-:#+-!(:+6+(,6!(6!-)#&!(')(%&!%!&(,6(:&#6#-+$+Y(5,-#6+$A(6!$(E(,6(6+'+(')('#<)&(B,)(B,)&)6+$(+D%)&(!(:,&!?_3

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são chaves para a sua compreensão.

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,"% %&D./)3 )1'/1+1.GB'% 01 /&)B4,41 M+$/)A1O* 03 ),% 1$2%&/P%@A1 3 ;&%-lidade, uma análise, um estudo deste instrumento e de seu papel social, e do novo poder nascido através do sistema prisional.

Z )32,/$* /"+1$4% 1-)3$C%$ ,"% ',$/1)/0%03F % 1-$%* 3" /&2.()* C3/1

a ser traduzida como *#$:#58#-)(!-'(1,-#$S, e não como i,&N)#88!-:)(!-'(1,-#$S.

Dois comentários, um do próprio Foucault em entrevista ao Le Monde* 3" f5qgfq78* &% 9+1'% 0% +,-./'%@A1 03 Vigiar e Punir, e outro de David Garland no livro Punishment and Modern Society, sobre a obra 01 +$/"3/$1* 3)'.%$3'3" "3.>1$ 4%/) )/&2,.%$/0%03)* 03"1&)4$%&01 -3"

1 1-N3BC1 01 %,41$* 3 % 03)"/)B;'%@A1 01) 0/)',$)1) 1;'/%/)* 3)43) <,3

visam primordialmente ao fortalecimento do poder estatal.

Esclarece Foucault ao repórter do Le Monde:

*)( +-')( N)6(!( 5&#$>+j( @,( &)$5+-')&#!?( ZH6(5+,:+( ')( %+-

'!$( !$( 5!&%)$?[(r+,N)( #-N)-=>+( $)6('^N#'!A(6!$( #-N)-=>+(')( %+'!(,6!( %E:-#:!(')(N#"#8s-:#!A(')(:+-%&+8)(')( #-'#N9',-

+$A()-B,!'&!6)-%+(')($),$(")$%+$A(')($,!(!;N#'!')A(')($,!()C:R:#!?(@( #$$+A(!(5!&;&('+$( $E:,8+$(JKL()(JKLLA(-+()7E&:#%+A(-+$(:+8E"#+$A()$:+8!$A(S+$5#%!#$(P???Q(H6!(%):-+8+"#!('+(5+')&(!5,&!'+()(:+;'#!-+A('+(5+')&($+D&)(+$(:+&5+$?(4(5&#$>+(E(!(C",&!(^8;6!(')$$!()&!('!$('#$:#58#-!$?

14(LD#')6, p. 22-23.


p,!-%+(!+(5!5)8($+:#!8('+()-:!&:)&!6)-%+A(E(5&):#$+(D,$:RO8+(!+(8!'+(')$%)(5)&$+-!")6(B,)(:+6)=!(!($)(')C-#&(-+($E:,8+(JLJ.(+(')8#-B,)-%)?(4(:+-$;%,#=>+('+(6)#+(')8#-B,)-%)(E(!D-

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Z +$/)A1* 1 )/)43"% +$/)/1&%.* +1$ '1&)32,/&43* &A1 &%)'3 $3+3&B&%-"3&43* "%) C%/* +1,'1 % +1,'1* )3&01 23)4%01 3" 1,4$1) .,2%$3) )1'/%/)I

O sistema vai sendo aprimorado com personas diversas, mas sempre a +%$B$ 0% /03/% &,'.3%$ 03 ./"/4%@A1 01) 3)+%@1) h)/'1)* 03 $32$%) 0/)'/+./-&%$3) +%$% '3$41) 3 0343$"/&%01) 2$,+1) )1'/%/)I

15 FOUCAULT, Michel. Segurança, Penalidade e PrisãoI W1.3@A1 ]/41) 3 !)'$/41) aXXX* 1$2I \%&13. ^%$$1) 0% \1r%*

Ed. Forense Universitária, p. 33.

16 L')6?


Aponta David Garland:

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17 GARLAND, David. Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory?(j>3 m&/C3$)/4s 1# W>/'%21 S$3))*

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Refere Foucault que:

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5u Y '%+G4,.1 X 0% +$/"3/$% +%$43 MU,+.G'/1O 03 Vigiar e Punir 9 3_%4%"3&43 MY W1$+1 01) W1&03&%01)IO

56 Y '%+G4,.1 XX 0% +$/"3/$% +%$43 9 MZ Y)43&4%@A1 01) U,+.G'/1)IO

20 FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e Punir, +5?(:#%., p. 32.

21 (LD#')6? p. 31.

22 FOUCAULT, Michel. Resumo dos Cursos do College de France K567gJ56ufL* o1$23 v%>%$ !0/41$I +I fgI

23 FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e Punir, +5?(:#%., p. 34.


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24 Ibidem, p. 35

25 !"#$%&, p. 36.

26 !"#$%&' p. 41.


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27 !"#$%&, p. 49.

28 !"#$%&' p. 50-51.

29 !$%&/

30 !"#$%&' p. 52.


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Refere Foucault:

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Eric Hobsbawm escreveu interessante trabalho sobre os bandidos heróis,

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31 !"#$%&, p. 55.

32 Contracapa do livro Bandidos%#)%G2!-%Q'?1?$R"/%N$O%)%S)22$/%TUVTA%CWAAAX%$%&!1.H2!$%#'%?$"#!614'/%!"-8,1!<)%#'%?$"#!614'%1'-!$8/%";'%0'#)%1)2%)".)"#!#$%")4%$#)+,$#$4)".)%)1.,#$#$%)>-).'%-'4'%0$2.)%#$%&!1.'2!$%#'%0'#)2%0'8E6-'/%'%+,$8/%)4%1),1%"E<)!1%4$!1%$8.'1/%*%'%0'#)2%#'1%!40*2!'1%)%#'1%)1.$#'1IA ibidem, p. 27.


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33 FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e Punir, .3/ 5#<., p. 69-70.

34 !"#$%&' p. 75.


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35 !"#$%&, p. 80-81.


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V\X%F)2%$%0,"!:;'%.;'%0',-'%$2?!.252!$%+,$".'%0'11E<)8%"$%Z>$:;'%da pena, esta que deve corresponder exatamente ao delito a ser punido.

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36 !"#$%&' p. 82.

37 !"#$%&, p. 86.

38 !"#$%&, p. 88.

39 !$%&/

40 !"#$%&' p. 89.


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5ª) Há assim uma publicidade baseada no exemplo, no discurso, na

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E, muito embora Foucault aponte que

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41 !"#$%&' p. 95.

42 !"#$%&, p. 96.

43 !"#$%&' p. 99.

44 !"#$%&, p.100.


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Dentre esses modelos, os mais relevantes são:

1°) o modelo prisional de Rasphuis de Amsterdam (implantado a

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47 Ibidem, p.101.

48 !"#$%&, p. 102-104.


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49 Ibidem, p.119.

50 !"#$%&, p. 120.


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51 Ibidem, p.143.

52 !"#$%&, p. 144.


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53 Ibidem, p.149.

54 !"#$%&' p. 154.


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55 GARLAND, David. Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory, .3/ 5#<A/%0A%VbcMVbfA%S2$#,:;'%8!<2)%da autora.


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56 FOUCAULT, Michel. Resumo dos Cursos do College de France(1970-1982), .3/ 5#</, p. 38.

57 FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e Punir, .3/ 5#<., p. 165/166.


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IV. CONCLUSÃO

A leitura de Vigiar e Punir%8)<$%'%8)!.'2%9%-'"-8,1;'%#)%+,)/%$%0$262%#'%4'4)".'%)4%+,)%$%02!1;'%1)%-'"16.,!,%1'?%$% 7'24$%#)%<!3!8q"-!$%)%-'"1.$".)% '?1)2<$:;'/% $-$?',%0'2% 2)02'#,O!2% 1),% 02H02!'% $8!4)".'/% ',%1)($/%.'2"',M1)%,4$%)"-,?$#'2$%#$%#)8!"+,p"-!$A

58 GARLAND, David. Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory' .3/ 5#<//%0A%VcbMVccA%S2$#,:;'%8!<2)%da autora.


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Foucault diz sobre as premissas de Foucault em Vigiar e Punir:

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REFERÊNCIAS

FOUCAULT, Michel. !"#$%&'!"()*$)+$*,#, 19ª ed., São Paulo:

Ed. Grall.

FOUCAULT, Michel. Resumo dos Cursos do Collège de France (1970-

!"#$%&'()*+&,-.-)&/012()3

FOUCAULT, Michel. Segurança, Penalidade e Prisão3&&4(5+67(&812(9&

+&/9:)12(9&;<<<%&()*3&=->(+5&?-))(9&0-&=(@-%&/03&A()+>9+&B>1C+)912D)1-3

FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e Punir3& EEF& +03%& G+2)HI(519J& /03& ;(K+9%&

2001.

59 FOUCAULT, Michel. !"#$-'!"()*$)+$*,#. 19ª ed., São Paulo: Ed. Grall, p. 131-2.


GARLAND, David. Punishment and Modern Society: A Study

in Social Theory3& L.+&B>1C+)912M& (N& 4.1:-*(& G)+99%& OPN()0&B>1C+)912M&

press, 1990.

HOBSBAWN, Eric. Bandidos. Ed. Paz e Terra, 2012.

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5!6"(78$)9$#(5),)!*,$5:;!"()*()<$=#,>()0#=(?(. Rio de Janeiro: Luminária

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