URBAN PLANNING IN CURITIBAJonas Rabinovitch

Josef Leitmann

1996

SITUATION IN THE 1950s 1990s

growth of population

changement of economic base

300 000 2,1 Million

agricultureindustry & commerce

MAIN CAUSES

CONSEQUENCES

unemployment urban congestion environmentaldecay

WHAT TO DO ?

CURITIBA

capital of the Panama State, 8th Brazilian city

RESPONDING AS THE OTHER CITIES … ?

more than 500 concentrationsof more than 1 Millioninhabitants envisaged in 2010(figures dating from 1996)

26 cities with more than10 Million inhabitants(figures dating from 1996)

private transportation developped by cities

physical layout

location of housing

industry & commerce

human interraction patern

AFFECTING EMPLOYING

technology

FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS

… OR BY FINDING NEW SOLUTIONS ?

CURITIBA AS AN URBAN LABORATORY

Jaime Lerner

new « visionary » mayor,architect and planner

PREFERING

public transportation

private automobile

INSTEAD OF

against the environment

working with the environment appropriate solutions

high-technology

citizen participation

master planning

A NEW PHILOSOPHY, FROM 1960s TO … 1971

1 | CONTROLING THE FLOODING

contructions alongthe banks ok streams

civil engineer stream covering undergound canals difficulty of drainage high cost

1950s

+ = PROBLEM TO SOLVE

legislation for a natural drainage

system

turning riverbanksinto parks, building artificial lakes

recycling disusedfactories & streamsidebuildings

lower cost

0,5 sq meters of green space per capita (1970)

50 sq meters of green space per capita (1996)

from 1950s to early 1960s

from 1975

integration of the buses and bicycles paths intothe parks

+ + +

+

=

=

2 | PRIORITY TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT

INSTEAD OF

AN APPROPRIATE TRANSIT SYSTEM

ENABLING

Buses withown track

metros

4 sizes of buses, adaptaded to the city, the flow of passengersand the type of roads

5 main axes, each of themrelatated, different speeds, different of terminal distances

bus linetransfer station bus terminaldirect bus line

Ticket paymentbefore entering

Ticket paymentafter entering1 size of buses

Transportationgridlocked

cost Time saving Simplification of maintenance

lower urbancongestion

Lower rate of ambiant air pollution

until 270 passenger per bus

200 000 $ / km (bus) ≠

60 to 70 million / km (metro)

elaborated tubes as bus stops

2000 buses

10 private companiespaid by the lenth of roads≠ number of passengers

old buses recycled (as mobile schools, …)

10% of income spent in transport (low for Brazil)

¾ of Curitiban using the public transportantion / day

saving money reinvested (in surrounding dwellings for example, with an easyaccess to transport)

3 | PARTICIPATION THROUGH INCENTIVES

Environment teachingfor free

Children careby associations

Collectiv participation of the solid waste

against mechanization

potential of any plot

Land propertyinformation

impact on the city of eachoperation

speculationavoiding

investment on low income

housing

reinforcing a positive attitude

free meals

telephone numberfor children under

any threat

part time jobsto children from low

income families

exchange of filledgarbage bag

waste cleaning by citizen

paper recycling

Public andindividual level

BILAN IN CURITIBA

Prefering public transport,

Integrating bicycle and pedrestrian path in the

urban network

INTERCONNECTED SOLUTIONS

Involving the mostpeople as possible

Transformingproblems as

potentials generatorsof new ressources

Creating employment, a possitve attitude and

reducing the environmental impact

CURITIBA AFTER 1996

Population growthand

anarchic urban sprawl 650 000 1970

1 850 0002013

urban congestion

pollution

social imbalance

Social divide

South districts:poorer part of the city clandestine housing in the 1980sremote districts

North districts:More infrastrucure facilities

renovation of the BR 116 highway (1980s) separating the city in two

Saturated transport system

near monopoly position of the 3 companies of transport

Transport ticket too expensive for the majority of the Curitiban (2,70 br av.)

One of the most personal automobile / hab city of Brazil (1,3/hab av.)

one of the best brazilian quality of life city 39st most violent city in the world