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Empire Colour Repro

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EDITORIAL

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pdwfESihf½kyfwdkY rodrom ajymif;vJaerIESihf ododomomajymif;vJaerIudk Ak'¨\ tbd"r®mü Oyp,(jzpfrI)? oEÅwd(tpOfoGm;aerI)? Z&wm (aqG;ajrUoGm;rI)? tedpöwm(rNrJrI)[laomobm 0udk qifjcifrd&ef vdktyfygonf/ wpfcsKdUqifjcifrdMu aomfvnf;ig[laom twåu r&Paorif; 0odkY a&mufcgeD;txd cJGcGmoGm;jcif;r&SdMu/

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rNrJjcif;ESihf ajymif;vJjcif;obm0udk oHa0*owd ÓPfrsufpdjzihf oHk;oyfqifjcif ½IMunhfrnfqdkaomf igrSwpfyg; olYudk[kowdjyK rdvmMuygrnf/ rdrd\ ESvHk;om;ü ylavmifaom todÓPf Budrfzefrsm;pGm jzpfvmcJhonf&Sdaomf udk,fESihfpdwfonfvnf;wpfckckaom csdefcGifvQmatmufwGif wnfMunfcdkifcHhvmayrnf/ xdktcsdef0,f-- rdrdaMumihf olwpfyg;epfemrnfudk rvkyfawmhyg? *kPfyumoeudkarQmfí rvkyfawmhyg/- t&m&mrSm ukodkvfjzpfatmif jyKvkyfvmygonf/- olwpfyg;udk ½dkaoav;pm;jrwfEdk;rIjzihf qufqHvmygonf/- olwpfyg;udk tEkdif,ljcif;xuf ulnDjcif;u tusKd;rsm;onfudkvnf; odvmygrnf/- tjypfajymqdkjcif;xuf jyKjyifay;jcif; vrf;ñTefrIjyKjcif;u omíaumif;rGefonfudk odvmygrnf/- ynm&Sdjcif;? tmPm&Sdjcif;? udk,fusKd;&Sm tEdkifusihf&efr[kwf trsm;oligudk tusKd;jyK&ef omjzpfonf[]k odvmygrnf/- vmbfvmbudk arQmfíulnDjcif;xuf apwemxm;í ulnDjcif;onf rsm;pGmtusKd;&Sdonfudk odvmygrnf/- ,Ofaus;aomyk*¾dKvf vlrsKd;wdkYum;t&m&mrSm txufwef;usí wdk;wufonfudkod&Sdem;vnf vmygrnf/

ig OD;pm;ay; twåonf b0udk tNrJwap aZmufxdk;rdk;arQmfjzpfapum rdrdb0udk roufrom cHpm;&ap\/ig OD;pm;ay; twåonf b0udk tNrJwap aZmufxdk;rdk;arQmfjzpfapum rdrdb0udk roufrom cHpm;&ap\/ig OD;pm;ay; twåonf b0udk tNrJwap aZmufxdk;rdk;arQmfjzpfapum rdrdb0udk roufrom cHpm;&ap\/ig OD;pm;ay; twåonf b0udk tNrJwap aZmufxdk;rdk;arQmfjzpfapum rdrdb0udk roufrom cHpm;&ap\/ig OD;pm;ay; twåonf b0udk tNrJwap aZmufxdk;rdk;arQmfjzpfapum rdrdb0udk roufrom cHpm;&ap\/olYtwGufyg xnhfwGufay;NyD; vkyfaqmif &aom twåonf rdrdb0udk ajyjypfcsrf;ajrUapygonf/ b0\ vHkNcHKrIudkolYtwGufyg xnhfwGufay;NyD; vkyfaqmif &aom twåonf rdrdb0udk ajyjypfcsrf;ajrUapygonf/ b0\ vHkNcHKrIudkolYtwGufyg xnhfwGufay;NyD; vkyfaqmif &aom twåonf rdrdb0udk ajyjypfcsrf;ajrUapygonf/ b0\ vHkNcHKrIudkolYtwGufyg xnhfwGufay;NyD; vkyfaqmif &aom twåonf rdrdb0udk ajyjypfcsrf;ajrUapygonf/ b0\ vHkNcHKrIudkolYtwGufyg xnhfwGufay;NyD; vkyfaqmif &aom twåonf rdrdb0udk ajyjypfcsrf;ajrUapygonf/ b0\ vHkNcHKrIudkc d ki fc H hapNyD; b0ud katmifjrifapyg\/cd ki fc H hapNyD; b0ud katmifjrifapyg\/cd ki fc H hapNyD; b0ud katmifjrifapyg\/cd ki fc H hapNyD; b0ud katmifjrifapyg\/cd ki fc H hapNyD; b0ud katmifjrifapyg\/

xdkYaMumihf uREfkyfwdkYvlom;tm;vHk;onf ola&migyg nDrQaomtwåjzihf wnfMunfaompdwfudk arG;jrLMuNyD; avmutusKd;? rdrdtusKd;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEkdifatmif BudK;pm;Muyg[k wdkufwGef;yg&ap/

t,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwm

ig-ol-twåjzihf b0ESihfavmutusKd;udk o,fydk;EkdifMuygap

44444"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

FORE ARTICLES

(u)]orÜZOf} [lonf orÜZme[laom

ygVda0g[m&rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfonf/jrefrmvdk ]ESvHk;oGif;qifjcifjcif;} [krSwfom;Ekdifonf/ tNrJrjywf owduyfí ½SLrSwfaeaomyk*¾dKvfudk ]orÜZme um&D} [kac:onf/ ]orÜZmaem=todÓPf&Sdonf? [kwGm-jzpfí? um&DjyKavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf[kqdkdkayonf/

]w&m;xdkifonf} [laom toHk;tEIef;onf bk&m;½kyfyGm;awmfa&SUrSm odkYr[kwf rdrdtdyf&mxufrSm odkYr[kwf qdwfNidrfaomae&modkYr[kwf &dyfomwpfckckrSm xdkifíw&m;½IrSwfjcif;udk qdkMuonf/ trSefpifppf w&m;tvkyfonf xdkif½HkrQr[kwf? oGm;jcif;? &yfjcif;? xdkifjcif;?avsmif;pufjcif;[kqdktyfaom £&d,mykxf(t&d,mykxfr[kwfyg)av;yg;wdkYwGif rdrdBudKufESpfouf&m? rdrdESihftqifajyaom £&d,mykxfjzifhw&m;tm;xkwfEkdifayonf/

tmemyge ac: 0ifav? xGufavudk½IrSwfjcif;? ur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;rnfqdkvQifawmhwifyv’ifacGxdkifí ½IrSwf&rnfjzpfaMumif;r[mowdy|meokwfwGif a[mMum;xm;ayonf/

orÜZOfÓPf,SOfqifjcif ½IrSwfyGm;rsm;jcif; orÜZmeyAÁud kvnf; r[mowdy|meokwf? um,mEkyóem ½IrSwfcef;wGif

txift&Sm; awGUE k di fayonf/orÜZOfav;rsKd;&Sdonf/orÜZOf(4)yg;(1) omw¬uorÜZOf= tusKd;&Sd r&Sdukdqifjcifí tusKd;&SdrS ½IrSwfjcif;(2) oyÜg,orÜZOf= tusKd;yif&S daomfvnf; rdrd ESihfoihfavsmfrQwrI&Sd&jcif;(3) a*gp&orÜZO f=r dr daexd ki fusufpm;&mae&mESi h f "r ®onfw&m;tm;xkwf&eftwGuf avsmfuefoihfjrwfjcif;(4) toar®m[ orÜZOf=rawGra0

qifjcifEkdifjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/(c)

trlt&mwdkif;rSm ½IrSwfygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm ½IrSwfygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm ½IrSwfygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm ½IrSwfygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm ½IrSwfygorÜZmeyAÁ-orÜZOfÓPf,SOf ½SLrSwf

&mwGif rdrdjyKvkyfvIyf&Sm;aom trlt&mwdkif;udkrjywfrvyf ½IrSwf&onf/

tbduúaEÅ-y#duúaEÅ orÜZmeum&Da[mwd-

a&SUodkY wnfhwnfhoGm;pOf½IrSwf&onf?aemufodkY jyefvSnhfqkwfcGmpOfwGifvnf; orÜZOfÓPf,SOfí rvGwfatmif ½IrSwf&avonf/

]tmavmudaw-0 davmudaworÜZmeum&D a[mwd}

a&SUodkY wnhfwnfhMunhfpOfwGifvnf;aumif; eHab;od k Y apmif;i J h Munh fpOfwGi fvnf;aumif; owdtrSwf ynmuyfí ½IrSwf&onf/

]ordÍÆdaw yom&daw orÜZmeum&Da[mwd}

qefYxm;aom vufudkauG;aomtcgauG;aomvufudk qefYxkwfaomtcgwdkYüvnf;½IrSwf&onf/

]oCFm#d ywå pD0&"m&aP orÜZmemum&D a[mwd}

'kuk#fac: ESpfxyfouFef;BuD; oydwf?ouFef;udkaqmif&müvnf; (0wf½Hk&müvnf;)

trSwfowd rjywf&Sd&rnf/todaw-pm;aomtcg? y daw-

aomufoHk;aomtcg? cg,daw-cJ(pm;)aomtcg? om,daw-vsufaomtcgwdkYüvnf; orÜZmeum&D-tod,SOf qifjcifíjyKvkyf&ayonf/

]Opöm& yóm0 uar® orÜZmeum&Da[mwd}

(atmufxpfqH k ;)usi f BuD;p Ge f Y&musifi,fpGefYaepOftcgrSmyif ½IrSwfrI rarh&yg/xkdYjyif *aw-oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aecsdef? Xdaw-&yfwnfaecsdef? edodaEé-xdkifaecsdef? okawå-tdyfaecsdef? Zm*&daw-Edk;vmcsdef? bmodaw-pum;ajymcsdef? wkPSdbma0-qdwfqdwfaecsdefwdkYüvnf;orÜZmeum&D-ynmjzihf qifjcifíjyKavh&Sdonf/a[mwd-jzpf\/

odkYjzpfay&m rdrdwdkYonf rnfonfhtcs de fr Smr S w&m;vufvGwfraeoih fyg ?odkYaMumihfyif w&m;xdkifonf? w&m;xdkifaeonfqdkMu&m0,f w&m;"r®tvkyfonf xdkifae½Hkomvkyf&rnfr[kwfaMumif; odomxif&Sm;apcsifygonf/trlt&mwdkif;rSm owd&S dygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm owd&S dygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm owd&S dygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm owd&S dygtrlt&mwdkif;rSm owd&S dyg

rdrdwdkYonf w&m;tvkyfjzihf xdef;csKyftm;xkwfaernfqdkygvQif b,fae&mrSmrqdkb,ftcsdeftcgrSmrqdk udk,ftrlt&m pdwftrlt&m jzpfpOfrsm;udk owd? ynmjzihf qifjcifítpOfxm0& ½IrSwfaeMu&rnfr[kwfygavm?odkYaomf rdrdwdkYtygt0if ykxkZOfqdkolrsm;tzdkYowdrvGwfzdkY rvG,fulMuao;yg? ynmorÜZOfqifjcif½IrSwfEkdifzdkY cufcJaeMuao;onfudk 0efcHMu&rnfomjzpfygonf/ tNrJrjywf w&pyf½IrSwfyGm;rsm;awmfrlEkdifMuaom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwdkYonfum; ½kyf"mwf emrf"mwfwdkY\ y&rwftppfjzpfrI ysufrIoabmppfppfudk odjrifí jzpfysufcsKyfqHk;&m oEdÅokctjrwfqHk;odkY a&muf&SdawmfrloGm;MuavNyDr[kwfavm/ BudK;pm;oihfygonf/BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfyg\/

(*)*pämrDwd pdwåH OyÜZÆwda&S;OD;pGm oGm;csifaompdwfjzpf\/

trlt&mwdkhü owd&Sdjcif;b'´EÅZedE´om&b'´EÅZedE´om&b'´EÅZedE´om&b'´EÅZedE´om&b'´EÅZedE´om& (o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)

55555"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/

FORE ARTICLES

Ak'*Dwdum(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)

q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

vuk@u b'´d, aw¦& 0w¦Kvuk@u b'´d, aw¦& 0w¦Kvuk@u b'´d, aw¦& 0w¦Kvuk@u b'´d, aw¦& 0w¦Kvuk@u b'´d, aw¦& 0w¦K

Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0w¦djynf aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcgtvkH;t&yfi,faomaMumifh vuk@u o'´gjzifh txl;jyKí vuk@u b'´d,rax&f[kwGifaom &[EÅmukd omraPxifrSwfMuukefaom (t&nuif) awmae&[ef;okH;usdyfwkd YukdtaMumif;jyKí ]]e awe axa&m aom a[mwd}} paom ESpf*gxmukd a[mawmfrl\/

e awe axa&m aom a[mwd?a,eó yvdwH oda&m/y&dyauúm 0a,m wó?]]armCZdaPÖm}} wd 0kpöwd/

,rSd opöÍö "ar®m p?t[d Hom oH,arm 'arm/o a0 0EÅravm "Da&m?]]axa&m}} £wd y0kpöwd/

jre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmOD;acgif;tjyif qHyifazG;jzL?jzpf½kHrQvnf; ax&fBuD;r[l?xkdoltouf &ifhusufjcif;rl?usKd;rNyD; csnf;ESD;tkdrif;ol/

He is not therefore an 'elder' merely because his head is grey; ripe is he in age,''old-in-vain'' is he called.pum;ajypum;ajypum;ajypum;ajypum;ajy/ / tMuiftaMumif;aMumifh xkd&[ef;\OD;acgif;onf azG;azG;jzLumrQjzifh(ax&trnf&Sd) &[ef;BuD;rjzpf/ xkd&[ef;onf touft&G,ftm;jzifh BuD;&ifhjcif;ukd tcsnf;ESD;aom tkdrif;jcif;[líqkdtyf\/

jre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmjre frmuAsmavmukwfw&m; pum;rSefacRrn§if;apmifhx oDv£ajE´?ysKdUtefNyD;vpf tnpf&Sdap?ÓPfckdifNzD; ax&fBuD;rdefY>rufacR/

In whom are truth, virtue, harmless, restraint, and control, that wise man whohas cast out impurities is indeed called an elder.pum;ajypum;ajypum;ajypum;ajypum;ajy/ / tMuifyk*¾Kdvfü rSefaompum;ukd qkdjcif; (0g? wpfq,fh ajcmufcsuf opömeufukdodjrifjcif;) vnf;aumif;? aumif;jrwfaom t&nftcsif; (avmukwå&m w&m;) onfvnf;aumif;? rn§Of;qJjcif;onfvnf;aumif;? oDvapmifhpnf;jcif;onf vnf;aumif;?£ajE´ig;yg;ukd qkH;rjcif;onfvnf;aumif; &Sdukef\/ ysKdUtefNyD;aom tnpftaMu;&Sdaomxkdynm&Sdyk*¾dKvfukd ÓPckdifNzD; rax&fBuD;[k qkdtyf\/

wH 0g,H Zaewd-pdwfuoGm;csif0ga,mpdwfu vIyf&Sm;/

oGm;csifaompdwfudk ½IrSwf&onf/pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef/pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef/pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef/pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef/pdwåmEkyóem owdy|mef/

oGm;csifaompdwfu 0ga,m"mwfudkjzpfaponf/

0ga,m0dnmwdå HZaewd-0ga,m"mwfu vIyf&Sm;jcif;(oGm;vmjcif;)udkjzpfap\/

]pdwåud&d,0ga,m"mwk 0dyæga&eouvóum,ó yk&awm tbdeD[ma&m*reEÅd0kpöwd}

pdwåZ0ga,m ac: pdwfuvIyf&Sm;apaom 0ga,m"mwfaMumihf cE¨mudk,f tpdyftydkif;tm;vHk;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm;jcif; oGm;vmjcif;wdkYjzpfay:&onf[k qdkvdkayonf/

oGm;csifwJ hp dwfu emrfw&m;oGm;csifwJ hp dwfu emrfw&m;oGm;csifwJ hp dwfu emrfw&m;oGm;csifwJ hp dwfu emrfw&m;oGm;csifwJ hp dwfu emrfw&m;oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJh cE¨mud k,foGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJh cE¨mud k,foGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJh cE¨mud k,foGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJh cE¨mud k,foGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJh cE¨mud k,fu ½kyfw&m;? uGJjym;vQif emr½lyu ½kyfw&m;? uGJjym;vQif emr½lyu ½kyfw&m;? uGJjym;vQif emr½lyu ½kyfw&m;? uGJjym;vQif emr½lyu ½kyfw&m;? uGJjym;vQif emr½lyy&dap ä'ÓPfy&dap ä'ÓPfy&dap ä'ÓPfy&dap ä'ÓPfy&dap ä'ÓPfoGm ;c si fw J hp dw fu taMumi f ;o Gm ;c si fw J hp dw fu taMumi f ;o Gm ;c si fw J hp dw fu taMumi f ;o Gm ;c si fw J hp dw fu taMumi f ;o Gm ;c si fw J hp dw fu taMumi f ;w&m ;w&m ;w&m ;w&m ;w&m ;oGm ;aewJ h ½ ky fcE ¨mutus K d ;o Gm ;aewJ h ½ ky fcE ¨mutus K d ;o Gm ;aewJ h ½ ky fcE ¨mutus K d ;o Gm ;aewJ h ½ ky fcE ¨mutus K d ;o Gm ;aewJ h ½ ky fcE ¨mutus K d ;w&m ;w&m ;w&m ;w&m ;w&m ;taMumi f ;w&m;E Si h f tus K d ;taMumi f ;w&m;E Si h f tus K d ;taMumi f ;w&m;E Si h f tus K d ;taMumi f ;w&m;E Si h f tus K d ;taMumi f ;w&m;E Si h f tus K d ;

w&m;omjzp fa Mumi f ;odr f ;qnf; od jri fw&m;omjzp fa Mumi f ;odr f ;qnf; od jri fw&m;omjzp fa Mumi f ;odr f ;qnf; od jri fw&m;omjzp fa Mumi f ;odr f ;qnf; od jri fw&m;omjzp fa Mumi f ;odr f ;qnf; od jri fvQif ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf/vQif ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf/vQif ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf/vQif ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf/vQif ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf/

ta Mumi f ;tus K d ;om jzp fonf hta Mumi f ;tus K d ;om jzp fonf hta Mumi f ;tus K d ;om jzp fonf hta Mumi f ;tus K d ;om jzp fonf hta Mumi f ;tus K d ;om jzp fonf hemrf½kyfw&m;wd k Ytay:rSm ig? olwpfyg;?emrf½kyfw&m;wd k Ytay:rSm ig? olwpfyg;?emrf½kyfw&m;wd k Ytay:rSm ig? olwpfyg;?emrf½kyfw&m;wd k Ytay:rSm ig? olwpfyg;?emrf½kyfw&m;wd k Ytay:rSm ig? olwpfyg;?a,musfm;? rde f;r? yk* ¾ d Kvf? owå0g? ZD0?a,musfm;? rde f;r? yk* ¾ d Kvf? owå0g? ZD0?a,musfm;? rde f;r? yk* ¾ d Kvf? owå0g? ZD0?a,musfm;? rde f;r? yk* ¾ d Kvf? owå0g? ZD0?a,musfm;? rde f;r? yk* ¾ d Kvf? owå0g? ZD0?twårpG Jvef;vQif ouúm,'d|duGmonf/twårpG Jvef;vQif ouúm,'d|duGmonf/twårpG Jvef;vQif ouúm,'d|duGmonf/twårpG Jvef;vQif ouúm,'d|duGmonf/twårpG Jvef;vQif ouúm,'d|duGmonf/

O','óaee Oapä''d|d yZ[wdO','óaee Oapä''d|d yZ[wdO','óaee Oapä''d|d yZ[wdO','óaee Oapä''d|d yZ[wdO','óaee Oapä''d|d yZ[wdtjzpfud k jrifvQifOapä' d| dpif\/tjzpfud k jrifvQifOapä' d| dpif\/tjzpfud k jrifvQifOapä' d| dpif\/tjzpfud k jrifvQifOapä' d| dpif\/tjzpfud k jrifvQifOapä' d| dpif\/0,'óaee oów'd|d yZ[w0,'óaee oów'd|d yZ[w0,'óaee oów'd|d yZ[w0,'óaee oów'd|d yZ[w0,'óaee oów'd|d yZ[wdd dd dty su fu d k jri faom f oó'd| dtysu fu d k jri faom f oó'd| dtysu fu d k jri faom f oó'd| dtysu fu d k jri faom f oó'd| dtysu fu d k jri faom f oó'd| d

pifMu,pifMu,pifMu,pifMu,pifMu,fEkdif\/Oapä''d|du jywfrSm;(onfb0NyD;vQif

jywfa&m[k,lqol) oów'd|du-qufrSm;(b0qufwkdif;aumif;pm;a&; ckdifNrJonf[k,lqol) ,if;'d|drsm;ESih f ,HkrSm;rI oHo,0dpdudpämrsm;udk t<uif;rJ h z,f&Sm;Ek difygrSyxredAÁmefac:onfh aomwmywdår*f ÓPf?zdkvfÓPf&&SdMuygvdrfhrnf/

b'´EÅZedE´om&(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)b'´EÅZedE´om&(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)b'´EÅZedE´om&(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)b'´EÅZedE´om&(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)b'´EÅZedE´om&(o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)

66666 "r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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1313131313CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE Of WORLDLY PHENOMENA

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xdkYtwl tm&r®Pypönf; y|mef;enf;t& ESmacgif;aygufu 0dyóemtvkyf tm;xkwfvdkMuao;ygu ESmacgif;aygufrS eHodpdwf tm&r®Pypönf; ypö,kyÜef y|mef;a'oem"r® jzpfysuforQwdkYtopftopfajymif;vQif ta[mif;ta[mif;wdkY ysufysufvdkufrI tedpöpkwdkYudkvnf;aumif;?vQmaygufu pm;odpdwf tm&r®Pypönf;y|mef;enf;t& jzpforQwdkY topftopfajymif;vQif ta[mif; ta[mif;wdkY ysufysufvdkufrI tedpöpkwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? udk,faygufu awGUodpdwf tm&r®Pypönf;? y|mef;enf;t&jzpforQwdkY topftopfajymif;vQif? ta[mif;ta[mif;wdkY ysufysufvdkufrI tedpöpkwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? raemaygufu BuHodpdwfawG tm&r®Pypönf;y|mef;enf;t& jzpforQwdkY topftopfajymif;vQif ta[mif;ta[mif;wdkY ysufysufvdkufrI tedpöpkwdkYudkaomfvnf;aumi;f? toduyfvsuf rjywfrem; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfawmfrlMuyg&ef 0dyóem bm0em"r®tm;xkwfvdkMuoltaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkY/

pMu0VmteEÅ þurÇmavmu"mwfBuD;twGif;pMu0VmteEÅ þurÇmavmu"mwfBuD;twGif;pMu0VmteEÅ þurÇmavmu"mwfBuD;twGif;pMu0VmteEÅ þurÇmavmu"mwfBuD;twGif;pMu0VmteEÅ þurÇmavmu"mwfBuD;twGif;xdkxdkpMu0Vm urÇmavmu"mwfBuD;twGif; &Sd&SdorQaom tm½Hkajcmufyg; y|mef;tm&r®Pypönf;w&m;wdkYonf 'Gg&ajcmufyg;wdkYESihf

taMumif;qHkí wdkufcdkufaygif;qHkMuaomtcg odpdwfajcmufyg; tm&r®P ypö,kyÜefw&m;wdkYjzpfyGm;ay:aygufMu&ukef\/,if;odpdwfajcmufyg; tm&r®P ypö,kwfyÜefw&m;wdkYrS uif;vGwfEkdifMu&ef rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurQ aqmif&GufEkdifMurnfr[kwfay/

þrQ jrm;ajrmifBuD;us,fvSaom tm&r®Pypönf; y|mef;w&m;BuD;onf owå0g teEÅwdkYüjzpfaeysufaeMuonfudk jrifatmif xifatmif MunhfjrifEkdifMu&efom vdk&if;jzpfayonf/

y|mef;enf;us &xd kufaom ypönf;rsm;y|mef;enf;us &xd kufaom ypönf;rsm;y|mef;enf;us &xd kufaom ypönf;rsm;y|mef;enf;us &xd kufaom ypönf;rsm;y|mef;enf;us &xd kufaom ypönf;rsm;þtm&r®Pypönf;rsKd;ü y|mef;enf;us &xdkufaom ypönf;wdkYonfum; (1) tm&r®P? (2) tm&r®Pm"dywd? (3) tm&r®Plyedó,?

(4) 0w¬m&r®P yka&Zmwedó,? (5) tm&r®P yka&Zmw? (6) 0w¬m&r®Pyka&Zmw 0dyÜ,kwf? (7) 0wåm&r®P yka&Zmwwåd/ (8)0wåm&r®Pyka&Zmw0d*w/þ&Sp fyg;aomypönf;wd k Yonfr dr dwd k Ytm½H k jy K jim;p dwfapwodufw&m;wd k Ytm;xd kufonf h tm;avsm fp GmrdrdwdkY\tm&r®Pponfhowdåjzifhaus;Zl;jyKMuukef\[k jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m; a[mMum;awmfrlonfudkrSwfom;Mu&ygonf/olawmfaumif;taygif;wdkY/

[Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif [Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif [Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif [Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif [Hom0wDOD;tkef;BudKif

1414141414TALK ON THE DHAMMA

"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wGif o'¨gorÜwåd&Sdu oifh- roifhjyóem'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wGif o'¨gorÜwåd&Sdu oifh- roifhjyóem'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wGif o'¨gorÜwåd&Sdu oifh- roifhjyóem'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wGif o'¨gorÜwåd&Sdu oifh- roifhjyóem'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wGif o'¨gorÜwåd&Sdu oifh- roifhjyóem

cifarmifrk d ;(awmif BuD;)cifarmifrk d ;(awmif BuD;)cifarmifrk d ;(awmif BuD;)cifarmifrk d ;(awmif BuD;)cifarmifrk d ;(awmif BuD;)

'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wGif 'kv’bmo'¨gorÜwåd[lívnf;aumif;?'kv’bmorÜwåd[lívnf;aumif; &Sd&mwGif? o'¨g orÜwåd&Sdu roihf[koDvu©ef#Dumopfq&mu qdkygonf/orÜwå dwpfyg;wnf;jzih f r&paumif;orÜwå dwpfyg;wnf;jzih f r&paumif;orÜwå dwpfyg;wnf;jzih f r&paumif;orÜwå dwpfyg;wnf;jzih f r&paumif;orÜwå dwpfyg;wnf;jzih f r&paumif;

xdkpum;ü vdk&if;tcsKyfrSm orÜwåd'kv’bwGif? o'¨gorÜwådwpfyg;wnf;r[kwfay/

(1) ywd½ly a'o0go onfvnf;aumif;?(2) £`Edf,+ ta0uv’- rsufpd? em; paom £a`E´rcsdKUwJh jynhfpHkjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/(3) o'¨gw&m;ESifh jynfhpHkjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/(4) tjcm;aomjynfhpHkjcif;onfvnf;aumif;/orÜwådrsm;pGm tusHK;0ifavonf/ xdkYaMumihf o'gorÜwåd wpfck

wnf;udkqdkygu? orÜwåd*kPfESihf rjynhfpHkonfjzpfí? o'¨gorÜwåd[kwpfckwnf;qdk½Hkjzihf roifh/ 'kv’borÜwådqdkrSom oihfonf[kqdkayonf/pOf;pm;z G,f&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;pO f ;pm;z G,f&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;pO f ;pm;z G,f&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;pO f ;pm;z G,f&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;pO f ;pm;z G,f&m taMumif;w&m;rsm;

'kv’bw&m;ig;yg;wGif 'kv’bjzpfxkdufaomw&m;wpfckpDwpfckpDudk o½kyfxkwfí jyqdkonf/ Ak'¨KyÜg' umvwpfyg;/ vlYb0&jcif;u wpfyg;/ &[ef;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;/ w&m;em&jcif;uwpfyg;[lí ta&;BuD; y"meusaom w&m;wpfyg;udkom xkwfjy\/

tu,fí 'kv’bw&m; 5 yg;wdkYü&Sdaom orÜwådtm;vHk;wdkYudk'kv’b[k owfrSwfygu? ,cifav;yg;xkwfyHk,lyHkwdkYESifhrwl wrlxl;jcm;uGJjym;aernfjzpfonf/ wu,fawmh ta&;BuD;NyD; y"meusaom orÜwådwpfcsufudkomxkwfjyoihfonf[k qdkMuygonf/ þonfvnf; pOf;pm;axmufxm;zG,ftcsufjzpfayonf/vl Yb0od k Ya&mufvmvQif bmta&;tBuD;qH k;enf;vl Yb0od k Ya&mufvmvQif bmta&;tBuD;qH k;enf;vl Yb0od k Ya&mufvmvQif bmta&;tBuD;qH k;enf;vl Yb0od k Ya&mufvmvQif bmta&;tBuD;qH k;enf;vl Yb0od k Ya&mufvmvQif bmta&;tBuD;qH k;enf;

þtcsufudk yÍöykAÁedrdwåokwfjzihf jyqdk&m\/ ewfjynf ewfavmuü ewfom;wpfa,muf pkwdpdwfusawmhrnfjzpfygu? rdwfaqGewftaygif;wdkYu pum;oHk;cGef; rSmwrf;oHk;csufwdkYudkajymqdkí xdkewfom;tm; ESpfodrfhMuapukef\/

]]td kr dwfaqG..þewfjynfewf&GmrS cG Jc GmoGm;&onfud k]]td kr dwfaqG..þewfjynfewf&GmrS cG Jc GmoGm;&onfud k]]td kr dwfaqG..þewfjynfewf&GmrS cG Jc GmoGm;&onfud k]]td kr dwfaqG..þewfjynfewf&GmrS cG Jc GmoGm;&onfud k]]td kr dwfaqG..þewfjynfewf&GmrS cG Jc GmoGm;&onfud k0rf;renf;ygESihf? rMumrD toifewfom; þae&modkYjyefa&mufvm0rf;renf;ygESihf? rMumrD toifewfom; þae&modkYjyefa&mufvm0rf;renf;ygESihf? rMumrD toifewfom; þae&modkYjyefa&mufvm0rf;renf;ygESihf? rMumrD toifewfom; þae&modkYjyefa&mufvm0rf;renf;ygESihf? rMumrD toifewfom; þae&modkYjyefa&mufvmEd kifonfhenf;vrf;aumif; &S dygw,f? rdwfaqG..}}Ed kifonfhenf;vrf;aumif; &S dygw,f? rdwfaqG..}}Ed kifonfhenf;vrf;aumif; &S dygw,f? rdwfaqG..}}Ed kifonfhenf;vrf;aumif; &S dygw,f? rdwfaqG..}}Ed kifonfhenf;vrf;aumif; &S dygw,f? rdwfaqG..}}

(1) þewfjynfr S ok*wdrnfaom vl Y jynfod k YoGm;yg(1) þewfjynfr S ok*wdrnfaom vl Y jynfod k YoGm;yg(1) þewfjynfr S ok*wdrnfaom vl Y jynfod k YoGm;yg(1) þewfjynfr S ok*wdrnfaom vl Y jynfod k YoGm;yg(1) þewfjynfr S ok*wdrnfaom vl Y jynfod k YoGm;ygavmh/avmh/avmh/avmh/avmh/

(2) vl Y jynfod k YoGm;í? &wemoH k;yg;ud k MunfndKaom(2) vl Y jynfod k YoGm;í? &wemoH k;yg;ud k MunfndKaom(2) vl Y jynfod k YoGm;í? &wemoH k;yg;ud k MunfndKaom(2) vl Y jynfod k YoGm;í? &wemoH k;yg;ud k MunfndKaom(2) vl Y jynfod k YoGm;í? &wemoH k;yg;ud k MunfndKaomo'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfxl;vmbfjrwfudk t&o'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfxl;vmbfjrwfudk t&o'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfxl;vmbfjrwfudk t&o'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfxl;vmbfjrwfudk t&o'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfxl;vmbfjrwfudk t&,lygavmh/,lygavmh/,lygavmh/,lygavmh/,lygavmh/

(3) xd ko'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfud k(3) xd ko'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfud k(3) xd ko'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfud k(3) xd ko'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfud k(3) xd ko'¨gw&m;wnf;[laom aumif;aomvmbfud ky kxkZOfo'¨grS t&d,mo'¨gjzpfí cd ki f Nr JatmifjyKvkyfygavmh/ykxkZOfo'¨grS t&d,mo'¨gjzpfí cd ki f Nr JatmifjyKvkyfygavmh/ykxkZOfo'¨grS t&d,mo'¨gjzpfí cd ki f Nr JatmifjyKvkyfygavmh/ykxkZOfo'¨grS t&d,mo'¨gjzpfí cd ki f Nr JatmifjyKvkyfygavmh/ykxkZOfo'¨grS t&d,mo'¨gjzpfí cd ki f Nr JatmifjyKvkyfygavmh/

þum; ESpfodrhfrSmwrf;oHk;csufwdkYjzpfavonf/ta&;tBuD;qH k ; &,loif haomt&mta&;tBuD;qH k ; &,loif haomt&mta&;tBuD;qH k ; &,loif haomt&mta&;tBuD;qH k ; &,loif haomt&mta&;tBuD;qH k ; &,loif haomt&m

þokwfü vlYb0odkY&vma&mufvmMuaomtcg ta&;tBuD;qHk;&,loifhaom t&mum;? bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm &wemawmfjrwfoHk;yg;

wdkYudk MunfndKaomo'¨gw&m;jzpfonfudk txufygESpfodrfhtrSmpum;oHk;csufwdkYu jyqdk\/o'¨gorÜwå d'kv’b tvGefta&;BuD;\/o'¨gorÜwå d'kv’b tvGefta&;BuD;\/o'¨gorÜwå d'kv’b tvGefta&;BuD;\/o'¨gorÜwå d'kv’b tvGefta&;BuD;\/o'¨gorÜwå d'kv’b tvGefta&;BuD;\/

,if;pum;udkaxmufí? rEkówå'kv’b&MuNyD;vQif? o'gorÜwåd'kv’bonf tvGefyifta&;BuD;vSayonf/ xdkYaMumihf 'kv’bo'¨gorÜwåd&SdrS ,cifjyqdkcJhaom yÍöykAÁedrdwåokwfjzihf nDñGwfrnfjzpfonf/þonfvnf; axmufxm;zG,f tcsufaywnf;/'AÁrvykwåax&my'gefvm*gxm'AÁrvykwåax&my'gefvm*gxm'AÁrvykwåax&my'gefvm*gxm'AÁrvykwåax&my'gefvm*gxm'AÁrvykwåax&my'gefvm*gxm

xdkYjyif Ak'¨KyÜg''kv’b o'¨g'kv’b[k jyqdkaom ygVdawmfvnf;&Sd\/ xdkygVdawmfonfum; ty'gefygVdawmf 'AÁrv’ykwåax&my'gefvm*gxmjzpfonf/uóyjrwfpGmvufxufu &[ef; 7-yg;uóyjrwfpGmvufxufu &[ef; 7-yg;uóyjrwfpGmvufxufu &[ef; 7-yg;uóyjrwfpGmvufxufu &[ef; 7-yg;uóyjrwfpGmvufxufu &[ef; 7-yg;

uóyjrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAÁmefpHvGefawmfrlaomtcg &[ef;7 yg;wdkYonf oHa0*BuD;pGmjzpfawmfrlMuí awmifuvmyfwpfckay:odkYwufMuNyD;? wufvmMuaom avSum;wdkYudk jzKwfcsvsuf? toufpGefYíw&m;tm;xkwfMuav\/

xdk&[ef; 7 yg;wdkYwGif? ,ck a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifvufxufawmftcgü &[EÅmrax&frsm;jzpfawmfrlvmMuaom? &Sif'AÁ? &Sifobd,?&Sifukrm&uóy? yuúKomwdrif;? 'g½kpd&d,tavmif; aygif; &[ef;(5) OD;wdkY yg0ifMu\/ xdkawmifuvmyftay:ü tBuD;qHk;rax&fu usef&[ef; 6- yg;wdkYtm; qHk;rMo0g'pum; ajymMum;awmfrlavonf/

w'g Mo0'daem axa&m? Ak'¨ KyÜga'g ok'kv’abm/w'g Mo0'daem axa&m? Ak'¨ KyÜga'g ok'kv’abm/w'g Mo0'daem axa&m? Ak'¨ KyÜga'g ok'kv’abm/w'g Mo0'daem axa&m? Ak'¨ KyÜga'g ok'kv’abm/w'g Mo0'daem axa&m? Ak'¨ KyÜga'g ok'kv’abm/o'¨gwd 'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuH aooÍö omoeH/o'¨gwd 'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuH aooÍö omoeH/o'¨gwd 'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuH aooÍö omoeH/o'¨gwd 'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuH aooÍö omoeH/o'¨gwd 'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuH aooÍö omoeH/edywEÅ d cPmwDwd? teaEÅ 'ku©om*a&?edywEÅ d cPmwDwd? teaEÅ 'ku©om*a&?edywEÅ d cPmwDwd? teaEÅ 'ku©om*a&?edywEÅ d cPmwDwd? teaEÅ 'ku©om*a&?edywEÅ d cPmwDwd? teaEÅ 'ku©om*a&?wo®m ya,ma*g uwåaAÁm? ,m0|mwd rkaerwH/wo®m ya,ma*g uwåaAÁm? ,m0|mwd rkaerwH/wo®m ya,ma*g uwåaAÁm? ,m0|mwd rkaerwH/wo®m ya,ma*g uwåaAÁm? ,m0|mwd rkaerwH/wo®m ya,ma*g uwåaAÁm? ,m0|mwd rkaerwH/

(tyg'gefygVdawmf? 'k-124) (tyg'gefygVdawmf? 'k-124) (tyg'gefygVdawmf? 'k-124) (tyg'gefygVdawmf? 'k-124) (tyg'gefygVdawmf? 'k-124)þ*gxm\vd k&i f ;tcs Ky fum;þ*gxm\vd k&i f ;tcs Ky fum;þ*gxm\vd k&i f ;tcs Ky fum;þ*gxm\vd k&i f ;tcs Ky fum;þ*gxm\vd k&i f ;tcs Ky fum;

]]ihg&SifwdkY..? oifwdkYonf Ak'KyÜg'- 'kv’budkvnf;aumif;? twd'kv’bo'gudkvnf; &&SdcJhMuNyD/ omoemawmfESpft<uif;um; tenf;i,fom usef&Sdawmhonf/ &&Sdxm;Muaom Ak'KyÜg'e0rcPudk ausmfvGefoGm;aom olwdkYonf 'ku©ork'´&mxJodkY usa&mufMu&ukef\/ xdkYaMumihfur®|mef;w&m;udk jyif;xefpGmyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMuygavmh}}

þü ]]Ak'¨KyÜg''kv’b- twd'kv’bo'¨g}} [k 'kv’bESpfyg;wdkYwkduf½dkufvm\/ o'¨gtwd'kv’b[laom ygXfjzihf o'¨gorÜwåd'kv’budkwdkuf½dkufyifjyqdkonf/

xdk YaMumih f ? 'kv’bmo'¨gorÜwå d[laom 'kv’bo½kyfud kaumif;pGmvufcH,HkMunfxdkufvSygonf/ þonfvnf; axmufxm;pOf;pm;zG,f&m tcsufyifjzpfonf/

þodkYvQif 'kv’bw&m; (5) yg;wdkYudk jyqdkMu&mwGif? 'kv’bmo'gorÜwåd[k jyqdkrSom txufüjyqdkcJhaom ,kwådom"uwdkYjzihf cdkifcdkifrmrm ,HkMunfxdkufaMumif; odrSwftyfayonf/]]Ak'¨KyÜga'g 'kv’abm? o'¨gwd'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuHaooÍöom]]Ak'¨KyÜga'g 'kv’abm? o'¨gwd'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuHaooÍöom]]Ak'¨KyÜga'g 'kv’abm? o'¨gwd'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuHaooÍöom]]Ak'¨KyÜga'g 'kv’abm? o'¨gwd'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuHaooÍöom]]Ak'¨KyÜga'g 'kv’abm? o'¨gwd'kv’bm v'¨g? axmuHaooÍöomoeH}}oeH}}oeH}}oeH}}oeH}}

cifarmifrd k ; (awmifBuD;)cifarmifrd k ; (awmifBuD;)cifarmifrd k ; (awmifBuD;)cifarmifrd k ; (awmifBuD;)cifarmifrd k ; (awmifBuD;)

1515151515"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

PODIUM DHAMMA

Ak'¨"r®a0g[m&rsm;t& ykxkZe[kygVdbmomüqd kaomykxkZOfyk'fteufudk t&d,m r[kwfaom omrefyk*d¾Kvf[k jrefrmtbd"mefwdkYu zGifhqdkMuNyD;? t*Fvdyftbd"mefwdkYu Puthujana- worldling;personstill saddled with mind defiling passions. of. ariya. vdkYzGifhqdkNyD;?jrefrm t*Fvdyftbd"mefu Ordinary human being (with the usualfailing and foibless [kzGifhqdkonf/ jrefrm t*FvdyfygVdtbd"mefuykxkZOfyk'fukd common people, commoner omreftodÓPfom&SdaomvlNydef; vlomref [lí zGifhqkdygonf/t|omvdeDt|uxmrS zGif hqk dcsufrsm;t|omvdeDt|uxmrS zGif hqk dcsufrsm;t|omvdeDt|uxmrS zGif hqk dcsufrsm;t|omvdeDt|uxmrS zGif hqk dcsufrsm;t|omvdeDt|uxmrS zGif hqk dcsufrsm;

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1616161616 DHAMMA DWE

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oDwmOD; (jrefrmpm)oDwmOD; (jrefrmpm)oDwmOD; (jrefrmpm)oDwmOD; (jrefrmpm)oDwmOD; (jrefrmpm)

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1717171717

DHAMMA TALKS

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pdwf&JUtm½HkqdkwmbmvJ/ jrifp&m? Mum;p&m? teHY? t&om?xdp&m? odp&mrSeforQ pdwf&JUusufpm;&m tm½HkawGyJ r[kwfvm;/rsufaph? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,f? pdwfqdkwJh tm½HkcHt*FgpHkpHknDnDeJY arG;zGm;vmwJhvlom;wdkif; tJ'Dtm½HkawGudk xdawGUcHpm;EdkifMuygw,f/ wu,fvdkYZD0ur®tm;jzihfjzpfjzpf? pdwåaA'tm;jzihfjzpfjzpf? tm½HkcHpm;rIuif;rJhaer,fqdk&if aoaewJholvdkjzpfaer,f/ 'gaMumihf uRefawmfwdkY[m tm½HkcHpm;rIawGeJY aexdkifMuw,fvdkYqdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ pdwf[m tm½Hkr&SdbJ r&yfwnfEdkifyg/ tm½Hkwpfckr[kwfwpfck tNrJwrf; ,lxm;&ygw,f/

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xdckdufp&mudk jiif;qefNyD; aysmfp&maemuf? csrf;omokcaemuf waumufaumufvkduf&Smw,f/

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uRefawmfwdkY&JU tm½HkcHpm;rIjzpfpOfrSm jrifp&m? Mum;p&m pwmawGudk jrif½HkMum;½HkeJY &yfaewmr[kwfbl;/ bmvJqdkwm pHkprf;w,f?twdwfu rSwfom;wJhonmeJY ynwfwwfw,f/ tawG;xJrSm rSwfom;xm;wJh pHawGeJY wkdif;wmwkefYjyefw,f/ udk,fh&JU &ifwGif;pHeJY aumif;raumif;?vSrvS? rSefrrSefwkdif;wmNyD; tm½HkcHpm;rIawGudk odrf;ydkufzdkYeJY jiif;qefzdkYocFg&trIawGudk jyKMu&awmhw,f/ vSw,f? aumif;w,fvdkY xifwmawGudk ESpfESpfoufouf? wyfwyfrufrufodrf;ydkufzdkY tusnf;wef? tqdk;w&m;awGudk aMumufaMumuf&GHU&GHUeJY a&SmifcGmzdkY BudK;pm;Muygawmhw,f/

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THERAVA-DA PERSPECTIVE1818181818

"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

aemufausmzk H ;r Saemufausmzk H ;r Saemufausmzk H ;r Saemufausmzk H ;r Saemufausmzk H ;r S

oleJYu oabmxm;csif;rwlnDvdkYygvdkY see ]]jrifw,f}} qdk&muae ]]oabmxm;}} qdkwJhteufudk ajymif;oGm;wmawGU&ygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm wifjycsifwJhpum;u? tJ'DtMum; (all ears) qkdwJhpum;vHk;eJY? tjrif (all eyes) qdkwJhpum;vHk;ESpf&yfudk aygif;pyfvkdufwJhjrefrma0g[m&pum; ]]tMum;tjrif}} qdkwmudk ajymcsifwmyg/

tJ'D ]]tMum;tjrif}} qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk t*Fvdyfu (1) Gen-eral knowledge- A[kokwrsm;jym;jcif;/ (2) Power of divination-vsifjrefxufjrufwJh *rÇD&ÓPfpGrf;eJY jynhfpHkjcif;/ Clairvoyance- tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;/ extrasensory perception- tuif;yg;jzwfvwfwJhÓPf&Sdjcif;vdkY zGifhqdk&Sif;jyEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/

'gqdk Teaching to have a wide general knowledge much(hearing and seeing) is "ba-husacca pañña-" in Pali term. tMum;tjrifrsm;atmif us,fus,fjyefYjyefY oifMum;ay;jcif;tm;jzihf (Mum;wwfjrifwwf) wJh ]]Am[kopöynm}} udk &&SdMurSmjzpfw,fvdkY ck'uyg|ygVdawmfr*Fvokwåefa'oemawmfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkifa[mawmfrlygw,f/

tMum;tjrifrsm;atmifoifMum;oif,lwJh enf;vrf;av;oG,fThe Four Aspects of teaching &Sdygw,f/

tJ'Denf;av;oG,fu The four aspects are:-(1) Am[kopöynm(1) Ba-husacca pañña-

(2) odyÜHynm(2) Sippam pañña-

(3) okodu©dw 0de,ynm(3) Susekkhita vinaya pañña-.(4) okbmodw0gpmynm(4) Subha-sita va-ca- pañña-- wdkYjzpfygw,f/Am[kopöÍöqdkwJh rlvygVdyk'fudk zGifhqdkwJhtcgrSm? ]]A[kókw

bma0g- Am[kopöH}} rsm;aomtMum;tjrif&Sdaomol Clairvoyant \jzpfaMumif;= rsm;aomtMum;tjrif clairvoyance &SdrI[m Am[kopöBa-husacca rnfygw,f/

pmayusrf;*eftrsm;tjym;oif,lxm;oludk A[kokwtMum;tjrifrsm;ol clairvoyant vdkY ac:ygw,f/ pmayusrf;*eftrsm;tjym;Mum;emoif,lxm;jcif;udkawmh Am[kopö-tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif; clair-voyance vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'Dawmhum Am[kopö- tMum;tjrifrsm;jcif;qdkwm[m pmayusrf;*eftrsm;tjym; emMum;oif,lxm;vdkY pmaywwfuRrf;rIyJjzpfygw,f/

'DvdkpmaywwfuRrf;em;vnfvmatmif oif,lrIrSm tydkif;ESpfydkif; cGJjcm;vdkY&r,fxifygw,f/

(1) avmuD,ynm lokiyapañña- qdkif&m pmayusrf;*efawG/(2) avmukwå&mqdkif&mynm lokuttara- pañña- pmayusrf;*ef

awGjzpfygw,f/'Dynm&yfawGudk oifMum;oif,lMuwJhtcgrSm ynm&yfqdkif&m

tcef;u@BuD;av;yd ki f ; (The four aspects of Education)owfrSwfydkif;jcm;NyD; oifMum;ay;Muygw,f/

tJ'DoifMuma&;qdkif&m u@av;&yf (The four aspects are)qdkwmu? (1) Am[kopöynm Ba-husacca pañña-. (2) odyÜHynm Sippampañña-. (3) okodu©dw 0de,ynm Susekkhita vinaya pañña-.eJY (4)

okbmodw 0gpmynm Subha-sita va-ca- pañña- &yfawGyJjzpfygw,f/(1) Am[kopöynm (1) Am[kopöynm (1) Am[kopöynm (1) Am[kopöynm (1) Am[kopöynm Ba-husacca pañña-

aus;vufNrdKjyta&;? EdkifiHa&;? bmoma&;? ynma&;? vlrIa&;?pD;yGm;a&;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;? o,f,lydkYaqmifa&; tp&SdwJh ynm&yfawGudk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY oif,lavhvmNyD;? tJ'DtvkyfawGudk vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&mrSm? tMum;tjrifrsm;rIqdkwJh? 'DAm[kopöynm[m tifrwefta&;ygt&ma&mufwJh ynmjzpfygw,f/

Ba-husacca pañña- means much or great learning. It is thekind of education that would give wide general knowledge to thepupils. Teaching the pupiles to have a wide general knowledge.(much learing and seeing) is Ba-husacca pañña-.

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'ghaMumihf vlwdkif;vlwdkif;u udk,fvkyfudkifMur,hf tvkyfudpötm;avsmfpGm? A[kokwtodynm<u,f0atmif qnf;yl;xm;MuNyD;BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifMurSom ]]Am[kopör*Fvm}} &JUtusdK;udk trSefwu,f&&SdcHpm;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/

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THERAVA-DA PERSPECTIVE1919191919

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The sense of Noble Happiness (parama sukha)Development (bha-vana-)

Now in order to make nibba-na obvious, which has nei-ther feeling nor enjoyment, the meaning of 40 development bha-vana- will be shown in brief.

pan~cakkhandha- anicca- dukkha- roga- ganda- salla- agha- a-ba-dha- pare paloka- 1-tt.(10)

Upaddava- bhaya- upasagga- cala- pabhangu- adhuva- ata-na-alena- asarana- ritta-.(20)

tuccha- sun~n~a- anatta- a-d1-nava- viparina-madhamma- asa- raka-aghamu-la- vadhava- vibhava- sa-sava- (30)

sankhala ma-ra-misa- ja-tidhamma- jara-dhamma- bya-dhidhamma- maran.a dhamma- sokadhamma- paridevadhamma- upa-ya-sadhamma- sam.kilesika dhamma-.(40)

The five constituent groups of existence are imperma-nent, painful (suffering), disease, boil, dart, calamity, affliction,alien, disintegrating, plague (accident)(10)

disaster, terror, menace. fickle, perishable, unenduring,no protection, no shelter, no refuge, empty.(20)

vain, void, not self, danger, subject to chance, having nocore, the root of calamity, murderous, due to be annihilated, sub-ject to cankers.(30)

formed (confitioned) ma-ra's bait, subject to birth, subjectto ageing, subject to illness, subject to death, subject to sorrow,subject to lamentation, subject to despair, subject to defile-ment(40).Five constituent groups of existence

The materiality feeling, perception, mental formations andconsciousness are the five sonstituent groups of existence. Ofthem-1. The materiality means the four great elements (earth,water, wind, fire) and the small materiality (eye, ear, nose, tongue,body, visual object, sound, odour, taste, etc.,) which constituebig or small bodies of bings from the great hell, av1-ci, up to thehighest abode of ru-pabrahma-, akanittha brahma-.2. Feeling, vedana-, means various kinds of agreeable anddisagreeable feeling.

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yÍöu©E¨m tedpöm 'ku©m a&m*g *@m ov’m tCm tmAm"mya& yavmum £wD/ / (10)

Oya'0g b,m Oyo*¾g pvm yb*F t'k0g twmPm tavPm to&Pm &dwåm/ / (20)

wkpäm oknm tewåm tm'De0g 0dy&dPmr"r®m tom&umtCrlvm 0"um 0dw0g omo0g/ / (30)

ocFwm rm&rdom Zmwd"r®m Z&m"r®m Asm"d"r®m r&P"r®maomu"r®m y&da0'"r®m Oyg,mo"r®m oHudavodu"r®m/ / (40)

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THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA - ON NIBBA - NA

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v,fwDq&mav,fwDq&mav,fwDq&mav,fwDq&mav,fwDq&maa&;om;jyKpka&;om;jyKpka&;om;jyKpka&;om;jyKpka&;om;jyKpk

v,fwDedAÁmefwv,fwDedAÁmefwv,fwDedAÁmefwv,fwDedAÁmefwv,fwDedAÁmefwThe Ledi Dham

bMAHA - THERA L

(edAÁme'DyeD) (Nibba-na Di-pan

2121212121"r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/

3. perception, san~n~a-, means since the time of birth the actof perceiving as this is mother, this is father etc.4. Mental formations, sankha-ra-, means all kinds of think-ing, speaking and actions.5. Consciousness, vin~n~a-na, means the conscious mind.

[This is roughly the limit of five constituent groups ofexistence]

[The limit of four constituent groups of existence is thegreat hell up to nevasan~n~a-na-san~n~a-yatana abode.]Fear caused by impermanence

As the death, the danger of impermanence accompa-nies the five constituent groups of existence, those of humanbeings are impermanence; those of devas are also impermanence;those of brahmas are also impermanence. The state of being, adeva is also only a moment; being a brahma is also only a mo-ment. When compared with the length of time of the round ofrebirths, the constituent groups of existence of the brahmas innevasan~n~a-na-san~n~a-yatana brahma abode that live 84,000 kappasworld cycles are also only a moment.

One may become a human being for a time, and he maybecome hell beigngs for a hundred, for a thousand existencesexistences. One may become a deva for a time, and he may be-come hell beings for ten thousand, for one hundred thousandexistences. One may become a brahma for a time, and he maybecome hell beings for one hundred thousand, for one millionexistences. Being impermanent the beings are fearfully scatteredup and down. Being impermanent, even though born as a deva,he is tending towards the hell; even though born as a rupabrahmaor ru-pabrahma or aru-pabrahma, he is tending towards the hell.

Even thouh born as a human being, he still fears thedanger of the hell. Even though born as a deva, he still fears thedangers of the hell; even though born as a brahma, he still fearsthe danger of the hell.

[This is the great danger of impermanence can be con-templated, the enjoyment-happiness in human body and human

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA - ON NIBBA - NA

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

awmfbk&m;BuD;awmfbk&m;BuD;awmfbk&m;BuD;awmfbk&m;BuD;awmfbk&m;BuD;pawmfrlaomawmfrlaompawmfrlaomawmfrlaomawmfrlaom

w&m;awmfrsm;w&m;awmfrsm;w&m;awmfrsm;w&m;awmfrsm;w&m;awmfrsm;ma on Nibba-na

byLEDI SAYADAW

i-= The Manual of Nibba-na)

yGm;&ef taMumif;&if;wdkYomwnf;/ 0"um? olowfa,musfm; tmPmom;wdkYomwnf;/ 0db0g? ysufjyKef;qHk;yg;wwfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/tmoa0g? tmo0w&m; (4) yg;ESihfwuGjzpfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/

ocFwm? jyKpkysdK;axmifrS jzpfEdkifwnfEdkifaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ rm&m rdom? olowfa,musfm; rm&f (5) yg;wdkY\ pm;zwf?0g;zwfoHk;oyfeif;e,f&mwdk Yomwnf;/ Zmwd"r®m? cPcsif;rSmyiftaumif;tqdk; trsdK;rsdK;jzpfay:jcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/Z&m"r®m? a[mif;EGrf;&ifhaqG;jcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ Asm"d"r®m? zsm;jcif; emjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ r&P"r®m?aoqHk;jcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ aomu"r®m? pdk;&drfylaqG;rIud k jzpfapjcif;oabm&S daom w&m;wd k Yomwnf;/ y&da'0"r®m?id ka<u;jcif; 'ku©udk jzpfapjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdk Yomwnf;/Oyg,mo"r®m? oufBuD;½SL½IduftvdIuftvSJ yifyef;jcif;'ku©udk jzpfapjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ oHudav odu"r®m? npfEGrf;aomtukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk jzpfyGm;apjcif;oabm&Sdaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;// (40) (þum;teuf)

cE ¨mig;yg;/cE ¨mig;yg;/cE ¨mig;yg;/cE ¨mig;yg;/cE ¨mig;yg;// / / / / yÍöu©E¨m[laom ygXfü½kyf? a0'em? onm?ocFg&? 0dnmOf þ (5) yg;wdkYonf yÍöu©E¨mrnf\/ / xkdwGif-

1/ ½kyfqdkonfum;... t0Dpdi&JrSpí tued| jA[®mhbHkwdkifatmif þtwGif;0,f BuD;BuD;i,fi,f udk,fxnfoP²mefjzpfíaeukefaom ajr? a&? av? rD; "mwfBuD; (4) ck? pu©K? aomw? Cme? ZD0Sm?um,? ½ly? o'´? *E¨? &o? tp&Sdaom ½kyfi,f? ½kyfao;wdkYudk ½lyu©E¨mqdkonf/

2/ a0'emqdkonfum;..taumif;? tqdk; trsdK;rsdK;aom cHpm;rI? pHpm;rIudk qdkonf/

3/ onmqdkonfum;..arG;zGm;p umvrSpí þum;trd?þum; tb tp&Sdonfjzihf trSwfonmxm;rIudkqdkonf/

4/ ocFg&qdkonfum;..BuHpnfrI? ajymqdkrI? vkyfaqmifrItvHk;pHkudk qkdonf/

5/ 0dnmOfqdkonfum;... pdwfudkqdkonf/(þum; cE¨m (5) yg; tMurf;tm;jzihf ydkif;jcm;csufwnf;/)

2222222222"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA - ON NIBBA - NA

life, in deva's body and deva's life, and in brahma's body andbrahma's life, will be discerned as a fearful, boring, real suffering.

Only when the sensual lust for human life and the birthof the body appease, the danger of the hell will appease. Onlywhen the sensual lust for deva's life and the birth of the bodyappease, Only when personality belief, sakka-yadit.t.hi and the birthof brahma's body appease, the danger of the hell will appease.

Therefore the great element of asankhata nibbana whichis the appeasement of all sensual lusts, wrong views togetherwith five constituent groups of existence of human beings, devas, and five, four, one constituent groups of existence of brahmascan be understood as the great noble happiness. That appease-ment is the only refuge for them who fear the grave of niraya avicihell so as to get free from it.The associaties of hell

The body and happiness of human beings, those ofdevas and those of brahmas are merely associates of the greatniraya av1-ci hell.How is it?1. If a man enjoys with sensual lust and wrong view theeye which constituents his body as 'my eye, the eye itself is I, orI see', the great hell niraya av1-ci will accompany his enjoyment.2. Similarly, he enjoys with sensual lust and wrong view,the ear which constitues his body as 'my ear or I hear.'3. as 'my nose or I smell.'4. as 'my tongue or I know sweet tasts, sour taset'5. as 'my body, mny limb or I know' when conscious of theheat, cold, gross, subtle, etc., in touching.

Thus, if he enjoys the constituent groups of materialitywith sensual lust and wrong view, the danger of the hell willaccompany that enjoyment altogether. Why? Because if thereare sensual lust and wrong view, he will never be free from thedanger of the hell.

In the group of feeling, when enjoying the sight, visibleobject, good or bad, if he enjoys as 'I am pleased, I am delighted,'that is enjoynment grasping for feeling caused by eye-contact.That enjoyment grasping contains the grave danger of the hellaltogether. [With regard to sound, etc., they should also be un-derstood in the same way.]

In the group of perception, the enjoyment and graspingas 'I know which it is, what it is; I remember, I don't forget' is theenjoyment- grasping of the group of perception.

In the group of mental formations, things are numer-ous; only prominent things will be mentioned here.

(To be continue)

(aemuf cE¨m (4) yg;wdkYrSm t0Dpdi&JrSpí ae0onmemonmbHk wdkifatmif,lav/)tedpötwGuf aMumufrufzG,f/tedpötwGuf aMumufrufzG,f/tedpötwGuf aMumufrufzG,f/tedpötwGuf aMumufrufzG,f/tedpötwGuf aMumufrufzG,f/ / / / / / xd kcE ¨m (5) yg;wd k YonfaoqHk;jcif;[laom tedpöab; xufMuyfruGm tNyD;ygí aeukefaomaMumihf vlYcEmpkvnf; tedpöomwnf;/ ewfcEmpkvnf; tedpöomwnf;/jA[®mcE¨mpkvnf; tedpöomwnf;/ vljzpfvQifvnf; wpfcPom? ewfjzpfvQifvnf; wpfcPom? jA[®mjzpfvQifvnf; wpfcPom? oHo&m&Snfvsm;yHkESihfEdIif;,SOfonf&Sdaomf urÇm 8 aomif; 4 axmif touf&Snfaom ae0onmemonm,webHk&Sd cE¨mpkonfvnf; wpfcPrQomwnf;/

vlYb0rSmwpfvSnhf? tyg,frSm b0t&m? taxmif? ewfb0rSmwpfvSnhf? tyg,frSm b0taomif; todef;? jA[®mhjynfrSm wpfvSnhf?tyg,frSm b0todef;toef;? tNrJr[kwfonh ftwGufaMumif haMumufrufzG,f w&Murf; txufatmuf vGihfyg;í aeMu&yHkwnf;/tNrJr[kwfonhftwGufaMumihf vljzpfíaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&JodkYa&S;½Ivsufyif? ewfjzpfíaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Ja&S;½Ivsufyif?½lyjA[®m? t½lyjA[®mjzpfíaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Judk a&S;½Ivsufyif?vljzpfíaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Judk aMumuf&vsufyif? jA[®mjzpfíaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Jab;udk aMumuf&vsufyif/

(þum; tedp ötwGufaMumif h jzpf&aom aMumufruf(þum; tedp ötwGufaMumif h jzpf&aom aMumufruf(þum; tedp ötwGufaMumif h jzpf&aom aMumufruf(þum; tedp ötwGufaMumif h jzpf&aom aMumufruf(þum; tedp ötwGufaMumif h jzpf&aom aMumufrufzG,frI BuD;aywnf;/)zG,frI BuD;aywnf;/)zG,frI BuD;aywnf;/)zG,frI BuD;aywnf;/)zG,frI BuD;aywnf;/)

þodkYaom tedpöab;BuD;udk qifjcifEdkifMuygvQif vlYcE¨m? vlYb0? ewfcE¨m? ewfb0? jA[®mhcE¨m? jA[®mhb0wdkYü cHpm;pHpm;&aoma0',dwokcrsdK;pHkonf aMumufzG,f? vefYzG,f? NiD;aiGUzG,faom 'ku©rsdK;tppftrSefjzpfaMumif;udk odjrifEdkifMu&monf/

vlYb0udk om,maomwPSmESihf vlYcEmrsdK;tjzpfNidrf;rS tyg,fi&Jab;Nidrf;\/ ewfb0udk om,maomwPSmESihf ewfcEmrsdK;tjzpfNidrf;rS tyg,fi&JNidrf;onf/ ouúm,'d|dESihf jA[®mhcE¨mrsdK;tjzpfNidrf;rS tyg,fi&Jab;Nidrf;onf/

xdkYaMumihf xdkwPSm? 'd|dwdkYESifhwuG vlYcE¨m (5) yg;? ewfcE¨m(5) yg;? jA[®mhcE¨m (5) yg;? (4) yg;? (1) yg; tukefvHk; tjzpfNidrf;rI?Zmwfodrf;rI[laom r[mtocFw"mwf edAÁmefBuD;onf tvGefw&mBuD;jrwfvSpGmaom ]]y&rokcBuD;}} jzpfayonf[k xifEdkif&monf/ t0Dpdi&Jab;BuD;udk aMumufaomolonf t0Dpdi&Jab;BuD;rS vGwfuif;&efxdktjzpfNidrf;rI Zmwfodrf;rIwpfpkonfom udk;uG,f&m &Sdawmhonf/

i&J\tyif;toif;/i&J\tyif;toif;/i&J\tyif;toif;/i&J\tyif;toif;/i&J\tyif;toif;/ / / / / / xdkvlYcE¨m? vlYcsrf;om? ewfcE¨m? ewfcsrf;om? jA[®mhcE¨m jA[®mhcsrf;ompkonfvnf; t0Dpdi&JBuD;\tyif;toif;wpfpkomvQifwnf;/

jzp fy H kum;/jzp fy H kum;/jzp fy H kum;/jzp fy H kum;/jzp fy H kum;/ / / / / / 1/ vljzpfaomolonf rdrdudk,fcE¨m jzpfíaeaom pu©Kudk ig\pu©K[lívnf;aumif;? pu©Konfyif ig[lí vnf;aumif;? igjrifonf[lívnf;aumif;? wPSm? 'd|dESif hom,mcJhtHh?xdkom,mrIxJrSm t0Dpdi&JtwGif;odkY 0ifav\/

2/ xdkYtwl ig\aomw [lívnf;aumi;f? igMum;onf[lívnf;aumif;/

3/ ig\Cme[lívnf;aumif;? igeHonf[lívnf;aumif;/4/ ig\ ZD0Sm[lívnf;aumif;? csdKonf? csOfonfudk igodonf

[lívnf;aumif;/5/ ig\udk,f? ig\t*Fg[lívnf;aumif;? tyl? tcsrf;? tMurf;

tEk ponfudkawGUxdí odaomtcg igodonf[lívnf;aumif;/þodkY tp&Sdonfjzihf ½lyu©E¨mudk wPSm? 'd|dESifhom,mcJhtHh?

xdkom,mrIxJrSm i&Jab;tNyD; yg0ifav\/ tb,faMumifhenf;[lrl-rdrdudk,fcE¨mudk om,maomwPSm? 'd|d&SdaecJhvQif tyg,fab;rS rvGwf&aomaMumihfwnf;/

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(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

2323232323"r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

rsufESmzk H ;r StqufrsufESmzk H ;r StqufrsufESmzk H ;r StqufrsufESmzk H ;r StqufrsufESmzk H ;r Stquf

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2424242424"r®0D&onf ]oDv? orm"d? ynm} twGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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2626262626 "r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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DHAMMA DWE

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2828282828"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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2929292929"r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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&Sifem*aoeu ]ZD0ac:aom vdyfjymaumiftwåonf ]rsufpd? pu©Kjzihf tqif; ]½lyg½Hk}udk tu,fíjrifonfjzpftHh? pdwfraemjzihfoabmw&m;"r®m½Hkudk tu,fíodonfjzpftHhpu©K'Gg&wdkYudk zGihfvSpfukefonf&Sdaomf us,fpGmaom aumif;uifjzihf tjyifodkY rsufESmrlvsuf½lyg½H kudk aumif;pGmjrif&moavm? (...)?um,'Gg&udk zGihfvSpf onf&Sdaomf us,fpGmaomaumif;uifjzih f tawGUtxdazm|AÁm½H kud kawG Uxd&moavm} vd k Y r dvdE ´ri f ; BuD;ud kjyefar;vd kufwJ htcgrSm rdvdE´rif; BuD; u]t&Sifbk&m;rawGUxdyg} vd k YajzvdkufowJh?

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3030303030"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

jzL;NrKdU? 'u©dPm½kHpmoifwkdufwGifpmoifwk duf pwifwnfaxmifuwnf;uausmif;wkdufpnf;urf;wGif yGJMunhfjcif;? "mwf&Sif(½kyf&Sif)Munfhjcif;uk d wif;MuyfpGmwm;jrpfumpnf;urf;owfrSwfxm;onf/

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DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

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t"dyÜm,fuawmh-v,f,ma jrac smi f ;aumi f ;w J hv, f,ma jrac smi f ;aumi f ;w J hv, f,ma jrac smi f ;aumi f ;w J hv, f,ma jrac smi f ;aumi f ;w J hv, f,ma jrac smi f ;aumi f ;w J h

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(2) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Si fud k,fawmf(2) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Si fud k,fawmf(2) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Si fud k,fawmf(2) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Si fud k,fawmf(2) jrwfpGmbk&m;&Si fud k,fawmfjrwfBuD;ud k zl;awGU&wJhyk*¾ d Kvf/jrwfBuD;ud k zl;awGU&wJhyk*¾ d Kvf/jrwfBuD;ud k zl;awGU&wJhyk*¾ d Kvf/jrwfBuD;ud k zl;awGU&wJhyk*¾ d Kvf/jrwfBuD;ud k zl;awGU&wJhyk*¾ d Kvf/

(3) tvHk;pHkaom owå0gtaygif;(3) tvHk;pHkaom owå0gtaygif;(3) tvHk;pHkaom owå0gtaygif;(3) tvHk;pHkaom owå0gtaygif;(3) tvHk;pHkaom owå0gtaygif;wd k Y\ aq;aumif;ozG,fjzpfaom wwdk Y\ aq;aumif;ozG,fjzpfaom wwdk Y\ aq;aumif;ozG,fjzpfaom wwdk Y\ aq;aumif;ozG,fjzpfaom wwdk Y\ aq;aumif;ozG,fjzpfaom w&m;&m;&m;&m;&m;"r®awGudk emMum;cGih f&aeMuwJhyk*¾ d Kvf/"r®awGudk emMum;cGih f&aeMuwJhyk*¾ d Kvf/"r®awGudk emMum;cGih f&aeMuwJhyk*¾ d Kvf/"r®awGudk emMum;cGih f&aeMuwJhyk*¾ d Kvf/"r®awGudk emMum;cGih f&aeMuwJhyk*¾ d Kvf/

tJ' Dy k* ¾ d Kv f (3) a,mufwd k Yr SmtJ' Dy k* ¾ d Kv f (3) a,mufwd k Yr SmtJ' Dy k* ¾ d Kv f (3) a,mufwd k Yr SmtJ' Dy k* ¾ d Kv f (3) a,mufwd k Yr SmtJ' Dy k* ¾ d Kv f (3) a,mufwd k Yr SmtifrwefuHaumif;wJ hy k*¾ d Kvfrsm;vk d Y qd kygtifrwefuHaumif;wJ hy k*¾ d Kvfrsm;vk d Y qd kygtifrwefuHaumif;wJ hy k*¾ d Kvfrsm;vk d Y qd kygtifrwefuHaumif;wJ hy k*¾ d Kvfrsm;vk d Y qd kygtifrwefuHaumif;wJ hy k*¾ d Kvfrsm;vk d Y qd kygw,f/w,f/w,f/w,f/w,f/

omoemyumvrsm;qd k&if ' Dvd ktcGihfta&;rsdK; r&Edkifygbl;/ omoemyumvrSm bk&m;ryGifhbl;? w&m;r&Sdbl;? oHCmr&Sdbl;/w&m;awmh&Sdwmayhg? jrwfpGmbk&m; ryGifhwJhtcgusawmh w&m;udk xkwfazmfa[mMum;EdkifwJh yk*¾dKvfr&Sdbl;vdkY 'Dvdkajymwmyg/ tJ'gaMumihfbk&m;vnf; qdwfokOf;aew,f? w&m;vnf;qdwfokOf;aew,f? oHCmvnf; qdwfokOf;aew,f/ tJ'Dvdk omoemyumvrSm BuHKMu&wJhyk*¾dKvfawG ,ckvdkaumif;rIukodkvfawG rsm;rsm;jyKcGih fr&Mubl;ayhg/ ,ckvdk omoemwGif;umvrSmawm h 'gey J jy Krvm; ? oDvy JaqmufwnfusihfoHk;rvm;? 'grSr[kwf orx0dyóemyJ yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfrvm;? rdrdBudKufESpfouf&m rdrdtm;oef&mudk jyKvkyfvdkY&ygw,f/'gayr,hf wpfcsdKUwpfcsdKU yk*¾dKvfawGrSm 'DvdktcGifhaumif;awGeJY BuHKawGUae&wmudkawmif ukodkvfaumif;rI jyKvkyfzdkY arhavsmhaeNyD;awmh ig;jzmtm½Hk umr*kPfawGeJYyJ tcsdefukefoGm;Muwm&Sdygw,f/ wpfb0wmav;omawGU&cJ? BuHK&cJwJh bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmESihf 'Daumif;rIawGudkab;z,fxm; rodcsifa,mif[efaqmifNyD; b0tqufquf cHpm;vmwJh umr*kPfawGudkomrufrufarmarm cHkrifaeMuwm rsm;ygw,f/b,ft&mrS tMumBuD;rwnfNrJwJh 'Db0BuD;xJrSmbmaMumifhrsm; 'Dig;jzmtm½Hkumr*kPfawGukdwyfrufaeMu&wmvJ/ jzpfwwfwJhoabm&Sd&if

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td k jcif;wpf jzm? emjcif;wpfaxG?td k jcif;wpf jzm? emjcif;wpfaxG?td k jcif;wpf jzm? emjcif;wpfaxG?td k jcif;wpf jzm? emjcif;wpfaxG?td k jcif;wpf jzm? emjcif;wpfaxG?aojcif;wpfjcm;? uG J jym;wpfwef uHvQifaojcif;wpfjcm;? uG J jym;wpfwef uHvQifaojcif;wpfjcm;? uG J jym;wpfwef uHvQifaojcif;wpfjcm;? uG J jym;wpfwef uHvQifaojcif;wpfjcm;? uG J jym;wpfwef uHvQifOpöm? þig;jzmudk ruGmaeYn ÓPfouf0ifOpöm? þig;jzmudk ruGmaeYn ÓPfouf0ifOpöm? þig;jzmudk ruGmaeYn ÓPfouf0ifOpöm? þig;jzmudk ruGmaeYn ÓPfouf0ifOpöm? þig;jzmudk ruGmaeYn ÓPfouf0ifí qifjcifMu/ í qifjcifMu/ í qifjcifMu/ í qifjcifMu/ í qifjcifMu/ qdkonhftwdkif; uHtaMumif;w&m;aMumifhjzpfay:vmorQ t&m0w¬K[lorQ[m uHtm;avsmfpGm awGUBuHKqHkqnf;Mu&NyD;uHtm;avsmfpGm cGJcGmoGm;Mu&wmyg/ b,fvdkwefcdk;£'dyg'feJYjynhfpHkwJh yk*¾dKvfrsdK;urS wm;qD;uefYuGufvdk Yr&ygbl;/ aexGufvmjcif;onfae0ifzdk Yom jzpfvmaomaMumihf tMumBuD;rae&wJh 'Db0av;rSm rdrd&JUoP²mefudk oDv?orm"d? ynmqdkwJh olawmfaumif;w&m;awGeJYqifjref;oif hygw,f/ 'Dvd kqifjref;Ed kifrSvJuHaumif;MuwJh yk*¾dKvfawGjzpfMurSmyg/ twdwfuH taMumif;w&m;u vSywJhb0av; zefwD;

3232323232"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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okókwm vbaw ynH/ (o*gxm0*¾oH? yg-217)

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(3) ,HkrSm;oHo,&SdaewJh tcsuf(3) ,HkrSm;oHo,&SdaewJh tcsuf(3) ,HkrSm;oHo,&SdaewJh tcsuf(3) ,HkrSm;oHo,&SdaewJh tcsuf(3) ,HkrSm;oHo,&SdaewJh tcsufrsm; &S dae&ifvJ ,HkrSm;oHo,uif;aysmufrsm; &S dae&ifvJ ,HkrSm;oHo,uif;aysmufrsm; &S dae&ifvJ ,HkrSm;oHo,uif;aysmufrsm; &S dae&ifvJ ,HkrSm;oHo,uif;aysmufrsm; &S dae&ifvJ ,HkrSm;oHo,uif;aysmuf&jcif; wpfyg;/&jcif; wpfyg;/&jcif; wpfyg;/&jcif; wpfyg;/&jcif; wpfyg;/

(4) t,lr Se fw J h or ®m' d| d(4) t,lr Se fw J h or ®m' d| d(4) t,lr Se fw J h or ®m' d| d(4) t,lr Se fw J h or ®m' d| d(4) t,lr Se fw J h or ®m' d| djzp f&jci f ; wpfyg;/jzp f&jci f ; wpfyg;/jzp f&jci f ; wpfyg;/jzp f&jci f ; wpfyg;/jzp f&jci f ; wpfyg;/

(5) ynmwdk;yGm;NyD; pdwfMunfvif(5) ynmwdk;yGm;NyD; pdwfMunfvif(5) ynmwdk;yGm;NyD; pdwfMunfvif(5) ynmwdk;yGm;NyD; pdwfMunfvif(5) ynmwdk;yGm;NyD; pdwfMunfvifjcif; wpfyg;/jcif; wpfyg;/jcif; wpfyg;/jcif; wpfyg;/jcif; wpfyg;/

qdkwJh tusdK;w&m;awG &&Sdygw,f/tJ'Dvdk &&S dod&S d&wJhtwGufaMumihf bk&m;?w&m;? oHCmqdkwJhtay:rSm t<uif;rJhouf0if,HkMunfMuí aumif;rIw&m;tpm;pm;wdkYudkyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjyKvkyfEdkifMuNyD; r*fzdkvfedAÁmef&zdkY rSefonhf uHaumif;MuwJh olawmfpifrsm;jzpfEdkifMuygapvdkY qkawmif;arwåmydkYovkdufygw,f/

t&Si f Mo'gw ("r®mp&d,-uav;Nr d K U)t&Si f Mo'gw ("r®mp&d,-uav;Nr d K U)t&Si f Mo'gw ("r®mp&d,-uav;Nr d K U)t&Si f Mo'gw ("r®mp&d,-uav;Nr d K U)t&Si f Mo'gw ("r®mp&d,-uav;Nr d K U)

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t&mjzpf\} vdk YajzMum;vdkufygowJhuG,f/tJ'Dawmh rdvdE´rif;BuD;u auseyftm;&pGmeJY]t&Sifbk&m; aumif;vSygay\} vdkYajymvdkufygawmhowJhuG,f/ y&dowfBuD;uvnf; om"koHk;Budrfac:ygowJhuG,f/ rdvdE´rif;BuD;u½d kaojrwfEd k ; MunfndKpGmeJ Y &Sifem*aoeausmif;ud k jyefr<ucifrSm tzd k;wpfodef;xdkufwJhom; arG;urÁvmudk vSL'gef;NyD;awmh]t&Sifbk&m;em*aoe ,aeYrSpí t&Sifbk&m;tm; wpf&mh&Spftkyfaom qGrf;tkyfudk0wfwnfyg\? eef;awmfwGif;ü t&Sifbk&m;wdkYtm; tyfpyfaom ypönf;0w¬K trsKd;tpHkonf&Sd\/ xdktvHk;pH kaom tyfpyfaom ypönf;0w¬Kjzihfvnf; zdwfMum;yg\} vdkY ajymvdkufygowJhuG,f/

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DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

uRefawmf yÍörwef;ausmif;om;b0u uRefawmfhtpfru 'orwef;ausmif;ol jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYNrdKUav;&Sd 'orwef;pifwmrS 'órwef;ajzqd k&mwGif atmifjrifoltvGe fenf;yg;vSonf/ pifwmwpfc kvH k ;atmifjrifolr&S daomESpfr Sm renf;awmh/atmifjrifpjyKvmaomESpfrSmvnf; wpfESpfrSwpfa,mufp ESpfa,mufpom/

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vrf;aysmufolrsm; zwfMunhfygudkBuD;apm (omaygif;)udkBuD;apm (omaygif;)udkBuD;apm (omaygif;)udkBuD;apm (omaygif;)udkBuD;apm (omaygif;)

udk,fwdkif acwfynmrwwfaomrdbrsm;qdkvQif om;orD;rsm;\vuf&S dynma&;pepfrsm;E Si h ftvSrf;uGma0;vSawmhonf/

1980- jynh fE Sp fwGifuRefawmf q,fwef;ajz&onf/atmifrnfr[kwfrSef; ud k,h fbmomodonf/ atmifpm&if;xGufrnhf Zlvdkif 22 &ufrSmuRefawmf ykodrfa&mufaeonf/wpfcgrQ pmar;yGJr½IH;z l;aomuRefawmf pmar;yG Jus½H I;rIud kvufawGU cHpm;vd kuf&onf/atmifjrif&ef arQmfvih fcsuf

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3434343434"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

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awmh i,f&G,fpOf Eke,fonhfOD;aESmufydkif&Sifuav;b0uwnf;u wvGJwacsmfpum;rsm;udkem;&nf0ç NyD; twk,lrSm;cJhonf/ rSm;cJhonhftwGuf ay;qyfcJh&onhf wefaMu;uvnf;renf;/ tcsdefumv av;ESpf? wuúodkvfaemufqHk;ESpfwufNyD; atmifpm&if;xGufavmufrnhf tcsdefusumrS q,fwef;atmifpm&if;od&awmhonhftjzpf/ 'gayr,hfvnf; rSm;rdtrSm;rsm;xJrS oifcef;pm&,lNyD; rdrdb0twGufta&;BuD;vSonhf ynma&;wHcg;aygufjzpfaomq,fwef;wHcg;udk rSefuefaomBudK;pm;rIjzihfuRe fawmfausm fE d ki fc J hygonf/ 'g ha Mumif hatmi f jri fr Iud k vd kc si faomy k* ¾ d Kv fwd ki f ;atmi f jri fr Iud k vd kc si faomy k* ¾ d Kv fwd ki f ;atmi f jri fr Iud k vd kc si faomy k* ¾ d Kv fwd ki f ;atmi f jri fr Iud k vd kc si faomy k* ¾ d Kv fwd ki f ;atmi f jri fr Iud k vd kc si faomy k* ¾ d Kv fwd ki f ;twGuf b,faomtcgrS aemufrusyg/twGuf b,faomtcgrS aemufrusyg/twGuf b,faomtcgrS aemufrusyg/twGuf b,faomtcgrS aemufrusyg/twGuf b,faomtcgrS aemufrusyg/'DaeYodvQif 'DaeY BudK;pm;yg/ tckvkyfyg/'DaeYodvQif 'DaeY BudK;pm;yg/ tckvkyfyg/'DaeYodvQif 'DaeY BudK;pm;yg/ tckvkyfyg/'DaeYodvQif 'DaeY BudK;pm;yg/ tckvkyfyg/'DaeYodvQif 'DaeY BudK;pm;yg/ tckvkyfyg/aemi fr Sq d kwm ra&&myg/ o d k Y a Mumi f haemi fr Sq d kwm ra&&myg/ o d k Y a Mumi f haemi fr Sq d kwm ra&&myg/ o d k Y a Mumi f haemi fr Sq d kwm ra&&myg/ o d k Y a Mumi f haemi fr Sq d kwm ra&&myg/ o d k Y a Mumi f hatmif jri fr Iye f ;wd ki fqd konfr Sm Bud K ;pm;atmif jri fr Iye f ;wd ki fqd konfr Sm Bud K ;pm;atmif jri fr Iye f ;wd ki fqd konfr Sm Bud K ;pm;atmif jri fr Iye f ;wd ki fqd konfr Sm Bud K ;pm;atmif jri fr Iye f ;wd ki fqd konfr Sm Bud K ;pm;wwfolrsm;\ vufvSrf;wrDrSmyJ&S dygonf/wwfolrsm;\ vufvSrf;wrDrSmyJ&S dygonf/wwfolrsm;\ vufvSrf;wrDrSmyJ&S dygonf/wwfolrsm;\ vufvSrf;wrDrSmyJ&S dygonf/wwfolrsm;\ vufvSrf;wrDrSmyJ&S dygonf/

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i d ki fwd ki fwd ki f aewwfvmyH k ? tcs de f jynh ftvGrf;taqG;awGESihfom awGa0 aewwfvmyHk?vufyHyGifhcsdef vufyHyGihfawG jrifvQifvnf;vGrf;wwfaMumif;? wrm&eYHawG oif;ysHUvQifvnf; vGrf;wwfaMumif;? tJ'DvdkESifh q,fwef;pmar;yG Jud k ajcmufESpfqufwk duf rajzbJtv[ótcsdefawGukefcJ h&yH k ? aemufqH k;oli,fcsif;wpfOD; ay;zwfaom pma&;q&mBuD;yDrdk;eif;\ BuD;yGm;a&;vrf;ñTefpmtkyfrsm;aMumihftodtvdr®m A[kokwrsm;&vmNyD; pdwf"mwfcGeftm;rsm; wuf<uvsuf q,fwef;pmar;yGJudkatmifjrifatmif ajzqdkrnf[k oEéd|mefcsumBudKwifjyifqifavhusihf avhvmorIjyKNyD; ajzqdkatmifjrihfcJhaMumif;awGudk pdwf0ifpm;zG,f a[majymjyooGm;cJhygonf/

q&mapmcspfu olonf ,ck XmeBuD;wpfckrS ñTefMum;a&;rSL;&mxl;wm0ef tqifhtxd a&muf&SdvmcJhyHkawGrSm pdwf"mwfcGeftm;pdwf"mwfcGeftm;pdwf"mwfcGeftm;pdwf"mwfcGeftm;pdwf"mwfcGeftm;jzpfaom pmayrsm;ud k zwfrd&mrS pwifjzpfaom pmayrsm;ud k zwfrd&mrS pwifjzpfaom pmayrsm;ud k zwfrd&mrS pwifjzpfaom pmayrsm;ud k zwfrd&mrS pwifjzpfaom pmayrsm;ud k zwfrd&mrS pwifBudK;pm;vmcJ hí jzpfygaMumif;? atmifjrifBudK;pm;vmcJ hí jzpfygaMumif;? atmifjrifBudK;pm;vmcJ hí jzpfygaMumif;? atmifjrifBudK;pm;vmcJ hí jzpfygaMumif;? atmifjrifBudK;pm;vmcJ hí jzpfygaMumif;? atmifjrifvd kol rnfolrqd k tcs de fa& G ;aez d k Y rvd kvd kol rnfolrqd k tcs de fa& G ;aez d k Y rvd kvd kol rnfolrqd k tcs de fa& G ;aez d k Y rvd kvd kol rnfolrqd k tcs de fa& G ;aez d k Y rvd kvd kol rnfolrqd k tcs de fa& G ;aez d k Y rvd ka Mumif; ? vky fonh ftvky f tay:rSmomaMumif; ? vky fonh ftvky f tay:rSmomaMumif; ? vky fonh ftvky f tay:rSmomaMumif; ? vky fonh ftvky f tay:rSmomaMumif; ? vky fonh ftvky f tay:rSmomtm½ H kp d ku fí p dw fa&mud k, fyg enf ;r Se ftm½ H kp d ku fí p dw fa&mud k, fyg enf ;r Se ftm½ H kp d ku fí p dw fa&mud k, fyg enf ;r Se ftm½ H kp d ku fí p dw fa&mud k, fyg enf ;r Se ftm½ H kp d ku fí p dw fa&mud k, fyg enf ;r Se fvr f ;r Se f Bu d K ;pm;ygu atmi f jri fr I&E d ki fvr f ;r Se f Bu d K ;pm;ygu atmi f jri fr I&E d ki fvr f ;r Se f Bu d K ;pm;ygu atmi f jri fr I&E d ki fvr f ;r Se f Bu d K ;pm;ygu atmi f jri fr I&E d ki fvr f ;r Se f Bu d K ;pm;ygu atmi f jri fr I&E d ki faMumif;aMumif;aMumif;aMumif;aMumif;? ]]pmrSb0? b0rSpm}} qdkonhfacgif;pOfjzihf oifcef;pm,lzG,f&m a[majymjyooGm;cJhonfudk av;pm;pGm em;axmifcJhrdovdk jyefvnfwifjyvdkuf&ygayonf/

tcsKyftm;jzihfqdk&ygaomf uRefawmfonf pHjyKxd kufjcif;r&S donfh pum;rsm;ud kpH jyKxd kufjcif;r&S donfh pum;rsm;ud kpH jyKxd kufjcif;r&S donfh pum;rsm;ud kpH jyKxd kufjcif;r&S donfh pum;rsm;ud kpH jyKxd kufjcif;r&S donfh pum;rsm;ud kem,l rdcJ hygí qHk;½I H;rIrsm;pGmjzihf aemifwem,l rdcJ hygí qHk;½I H;rIrsm;pGmjzihf aemifwem,l rdcJ hygí qHk;½I H;rIrsm;pGmjzihf aemifwem,l rdcJ hygí qHk;½I H;rIrsm;pGmjzihf aemifwem,l rdcJ hygí qHk;½I H;rIrsm;pGmjzihf aemifwawG&cJh&ygonf/ xdkYtwl q&m v,fwGif;awG&cJh&ygonf/ xdkYtwl q&m v,fwGif;awG&cJh&ygonf/ xdkYtwl q&m v,fwGif;awG&cJh&ygonf/ xdkYtwl q&m v,fwGif;awG&cJh&ygonf/ xdkYtwl q&m v,fwGif;om;apmcsp fr Smvnf; 0w¬ Kpmtky f xJr Som;apmcsp fr Smvnf; 0w¬ Kpmtky f xJr Som;apmcsp fr Smvnf; 0w¬ Kpmtky f xJr Som;apmcsp fr Smvnf; 0w¬ Kpmtky f xJr Som;apmcsp fr Smvnf; 0w¬ Kpmtky f xJr S(pmrS) azmfaumifp½dkufudk tm;us twk,l(pmrS) azmfaumifp½dkufudk tm;us twk,l(pmrS) azmfaumifp½dkufudk tm;us twk,l(pmrS) azmfaumifp½dkufudk tm;us twk,l(pmrS) azmfaumifp½dkufudk tm;us twk,lusih foH k ;r dygí wu,hf(b0) tajctaeusih foH k ;r dygí wu,hf(b0) tajctaeusih foH k ;r dygí wu,hf(b0) tajctaeusih foH k ;r dygí wu,hf(b0) tajctaeusih foH k ;r dygí wu,hf(b0) tajctaewGif ynma&;udk ausmcdkif;rdrwwf tawG;wGif ynma&;udk ausmcdkif;rdrwwf tawG;wGif ynma&;udk ausmcdkif;rdrwwf tawG;wGif ynma&;udk ausmcdkif;rdrwwf tawG;wGif ynma&;udk ausmcdkif;rdrwwf tawG;acsmfpGm cH,lrIvGJcJ h&zl; ygonf/ acsmfpGm cH,lrIvGJcJ h&zl; ygonf/ acsmfpGm cH,lrIvGJcJ h&zl; ygonf/ acsmfpGm cH,lrIvGJcJ h&zl; ygonf/ acsmfpGm cH,lrIvGJcJ h&zl; ygonf/ xdk YaMumifhþpmp kav;ud k zwf½ I&i f ; atmi f jri fr Ivrf;aMumif; aysmufqHk;aeaom vli,frsm;oifcef;pm&,lNyD; BudK;pm;EdkifMuygap[k qE´jyKvsuf/

ud k BuD;apm (omaygif;)ud k BuD;apm (omaygif;)ud k BuD;apm (omaygif;)ud k BuD;apm (omaygif;)ud k BuD;apm (omaygif;)

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(13) ESpfwmumvtwGif; a&Tatmifajr bke f ;awmf BuD;oif ynma&;ausmif;atmifjrifrI o&zlaqmif;cJhonfum; rSef\/odkYaomf cvkwfrxd ql;rNidbJ yef;cif;aomvrf;udkcsnf; avQmufvSrf;cJh&onfr[kwf/ cg;oufpyf&Sm; avmu"Htxktaxmif;Mum;rS ½kef;uefxdk;xGufcJh&onhf umvrsm;vnf;&SdcJh\/ q&mawmfum; pdwfysuf½IHUrJhaemufwGefYoGm;cJhonf r&Sdacs/ avmu"Haq;cg;BuD;udkaomufvsuf NyHK;NyHK;aysmfaysmfjzihf vrf;rSefudk qufavQmufcJh\/rkefwdkif;uif;í avajyavn§if;okwfjzL;vsufomom,m,mjzpfaeaom ,aeYtcsdefumvwGifvnf; ]]owdwrH ÓPfajruwkyf}} jyKuma&Tatmifajrbkef;awmfBuD;oif ynma&;ausmif;tpOftNrJ wdk;wufap&ef pDrHtkyfcsKyfawmfrlaeonfudk MunfndKzG,f&mawGU&\/ omoemawmfESih f Ed kifiHawmftwGuf pdwfapwem&S doavmuf tvkyftauR;jyKcGihf r*Fvmqkv'fBuD;udk &&Sdxm;ojzihf ukodkvfxl;onfh q&mawmf[k qdk&rnfjzpf\/

a&Tatmifajrbkef;awmfBuD;oif ynma&;ausmif; atmifjrifae&jcif;rSm OD;aqmify"meq&mawmf b'´EÅ0dpm&t&Sifjrwfü trSDaumif; Oyedó, (r) BuD;ESpf (r) ESihf jynhfpHkaejcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/

-txufuaeí vr f ;ñ Te f jyo-txufuaeí vr f ;ñ Te f jyo-txufuaeí vr f ;ñ Te f jyo-txufuaeí vr f ;ñ Te f jyo-txufuaeí vr f ;ñ Te f jyoMunhf½Iapmifrrnh fyk*¾ d Kvf?Munhf½Iapmifrrnh fyk*¾ d Kvf?Munhf½Iapmifrrnh fyk*¾ d Kvf?Munhf½Iapmifrrnh fyk*¾ d Kvf?Munhf½Iapmifrrnh fyk*¾ d Kvf?

- aemufuvk dufí vd ktyforQ- aemufuvk dufí vd ktyforQ- aemufuvk dufí vd ktyforQ- aemufuvk dufí vd ktyforQ- aemufuvk dufí vd ktyforQulnDtm;ay; vSL'gef;axmufyH hrnh fy k*¾ d KvfulnDtm;ay; vSL'gef;axmufyH hrnh fy k*¾ d KvfulnDtm;ay; vSL'gef;axmufyH hrnh fy k*¾ d KvfulnDtm;ay; vSL'gef;axmufyH hrnh fy k*¾ d KvfulnDtm;ay; vSL'gef;axmufyH hrnh fy k*¾ d Kvf[laom apmifr+ axmufr (r) ESpf (r) onfomoemjyKyk*¾dKvfwdkif;twGuf trSefyifvdktyf\/ udk,fpGrf;udk,fp rnfrQyif&Sdygap ,if; (r)ESpf (r) csdKUiJhcJhvQif atmifjrifoihfoavmufratmifjrifEd kifacs/ a&Tatmifajrq&mawmfb'´EÅ0dpm&t&Sif jrwfrSm ud k,fpGrf;ud k,fpxufjrufonhftjyif ,if; (r) ESpf (r) wdkY jynhfpHkojzihf tcsdKay:oumavmif;? taumif;ay:tjrwfqihfí ynmyg&rDukodkvfxl;udk atmifjrifpGm qnf;yl;cGihf&jcif;jzpfonf/

a&Tatmifajrq&mawmf b'´EÅ 0dpm&b'´EÅ 0dpm&b'´EÅ 0dpm&b'´EÅ 0dpm&b'´EÅ 0dpm&t&Sifjrwftm; Munhf½Iapmifr onhfyk*¾ d Kvft&Sifjrwftm; Munhf½Iapmifr onhfyk*¾ d Kvft&Sifjrwftm; Munhf½Iapmifr onhfyk*¾ d Kvft&Sifjrwftm; Munhf½Iapmifr onhfyk*¾ d Kvft&Sifjrwftm; Munhf½Iapmifr onhfyk*¾ d Kvfr sm;wGi f rE Åav;Nr d K U bke f ;awm f BuD ;oifr sm;wGi f rE Åav;Nr d K U bke f ;awm f BuD ;oifr sm;wGi f rE Åav;Nr d K U bke f ;awm f BuD ;oifr sm;wGi f rE Åav;Nr d K U bke f ;awm f BuD ;oifr sm;wGi f rE Åav;Nr d K U bke f ;awm f BuD ;oifynma&;ausmi f ; ? wk di f Ouú| t*¾r[mynma&;ausmi f ; ? wk di f Ouú| t*¾r[mynma&;ausmi f ; ? wk di f Ouú| t*¾r[mynma&;ausmi f ; ? wk di f Ouú| t*¾r[mynma&;ausmi f ; ? wk di f Ouú| t*¾r[m

o'¨r ®aZmwdu"Z pav q&mawmf BuD;o'¨r ®aZmwdu"Z pav q&mawmf BuD;o'¨r ®aZmwdu"Z pav q&mawmf BuD;o'¨r ®aZmwdu"Z pav q&mawmf BuD;o'¨r ®aZmwdu"Z pav q&mawmf BuD;b'´EÅ0dZ,ESihf ppfudkif;wdkif; qm;vif;BuD;b'´EÅ0dZ,ESihf ppfudkif;wdkif; qm;vif;BuD;b'´EÅ0dZ,ESihf ppfudkif;wdkif; qm;vif;BuD;b'´EÅ0dZ,ESihf ppfudkif;wdkif; qm;vif;BuD;b'´EÅ0dZ,ESihf ppfudkif;wdkif; qm;vif;BuD;Nr d K U t* ¾r[my@dw? t* ¾r[mo'¨r ®Nr d K U t* ¾r[my@dw? t* ¾r[mo'¨r ®Nr d K U t* ¾r[my@dw? t* ¾r[mo'¨r ®Nr d K U t* ¾r[my@dw? t* ¾r[mo'¨r ®Nr d K U t* ¾r[my@dw? t* ¾r[mo'¨r ®aZmwdu"Z awmi fay:ausmi f ; q&maZmwdu"Z awmi fay:ausmi f ; q&maZmwdu"Z awmi fay:ausmi f ; q&maZmwdu"Z awmi fay:ausmi f ; q&maZmwdu"Z awmi fay:ausmi f ; q&mawmfBuD; b'´EÅtm'dpö0 Ho (pma&;q&mawmfBuD; b'´EÅtm'dpö0 Ho (pma&;q&mawmfBuD; b'´EÅtm'dpö0 Ho (pma&;q&mawmfBuD; b'´EÅtm'dpö0 Ho (pma&;q&mawmfBuD; b'´EÅtm'dpö0 Ho (pma&;q&maX;vGi f-qm;vif; BuD ;) rax&f jrwf BuD ;aX;vGi f-qm;vif; BuD ;) rax&f jrwf BuD ;aX;vGi f-qm;vif; BuD ;) rax&f jrwf BuD ;aX;vGi f-qm;vif; BuD ;) rax&f jrwf BuD ;aX;vGi f-qm;vif; BuD ;) rax&f jrwf BuD ;ESpfyg;wdk Yonf xdyfqHk;u tNrJyif rm;rm;ESpfyg;wdk Yonf xdyfqHk;u tNrJyif rm;rm;ESpfyg;wdk Yonf xdyfqHk;u tNrJyif rm;rm;ESpfyg;wdk Yonf xdyfqHk;u tNrJyif rm;rm;ESpfyg;wdk Yonf xdyfqHk;u tNrJyif rm;rm;rwfrwf& S dawm fr l Mu\/rwfrwf& S dawm fr l Mu\/rwfrwf& S dawm fr l Mu\/rwfrwf& S dawm fr l Mu\/rwfrwf& S dawm fr l Mu\/ a& Tatmi fa jrausmif;\ tcrf;tem;rsm;ü aewpfqlvwpfyg; xdkq&mawmfBuD;rsm;udk zl;awGU&onfrSm tvGefyifusufoa&&Sdygay\/

a&Tatmifajrq&mawmf b'´EÅ0dpm&t&Sifjrwf\ ykaAÁp uwykn r*Fvmpufonftb,frQ tm;aumif;cJhonfudk rSef;qMunhfEdkif\/ ausmif;ueftaqmuftOD;ESihf y&dowfta>ct&Hrsm;onf a&Tatmifajrq&mawmf\a&S;bkef;a&S;uHygaMumif; trSwfvu©Pmrsm;jzpf\/ a&Tatmifajrq&mawmfrSm vdkw&Edkifonf[k rqdkEdkifaomfvnf; omoemvkyfief;twGuf tvkyfvkyfíjzpfatmif vSL'gef;axmufrrnhf yk*¾dKvfrsm;&Sd\/ uGif;oHk;q,f&Gm'g,um? 'g,dumrtaygif;onf yifrtvSL&Sifrsm; jzpfMu\/ uGif;oHk;q,f&GmrS wjcm;NrdKU& Gmrsm;od k Y ajymif;a&TUoGm;olrsm;uvnf;a&Tatmifajrausmif;twGuf vdktyfonfrsm;udkrarhravsm hvma&mufvSL'ge f; MuonfrSmom"kac:p&m jzpf\/

pD;yGm;&SmolwdkYu þa'oodkYvmía&T&SmMu\/ a&Tatmifajrq&mawmf b'´EÅ0dpm& t&Sifjrwfu xdkolwdkY\ &ifaoG;&wemausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk ynm'gejyK&if; Ak'tqHk;tr jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIwnf;[laoma&Tpdwf a&TaoG;oGif;ay;um &wemwef;0ifvlcRefvlaumif;rsm;jzpfatmif jyKpkysdK;axmifay;\/ (13) ESpfwmumvtwGif; a&Tatmifajr&wemys d K ;ci f ;r S ar G ;xkwfay;vd kufaomausmif;om;ausmif;olaygif;rSm (9000) cefY&Sd\/ omoemawmfESih f Ed ki fi HawmftwGufa&Ta&mifrs d K ;qufopfwpfckud k zefwD;ay;vsuf&Sdaom oydwfusif;NrdKUe,f? uGif;oHk;q,f&Gma& Tatmifa jrq&mawm f b' ´E Å0 dpm&t&Sifjrwftm; þaqmif;yg;jzihf OD;cdkufuefawmhygonf/

rif;p Hrif;p Hrif;p Hrif;p Hrif;p H

pmrsufESm 35 rSpmrsufESm 35 rSpmrsufESm 35 rSpmrsufESm 35 rSpmrsufESm 35 rS

3838383838"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

3939393939"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

avmuudkopömazmufjcif;avmuudkopömazmufjcif;

avmuudkopömazmufjcif;avmuudkopömazmufjcif;

avmuudkopömazmufjcif;

avmua&;&muRrf;usifolrsm;uvnf; qdkMujyef\/avmuBuD;wpfckvHk;udkyif olwdkYu apmifha&SmufaeonfhozG,fauR;arG;aeonfhozG,f ajymMujyef\? qdkMujyef\/ vufawGYtm;jzifholwdkYonf avmu\tpD;tyGm;udkta,mifjyNyD; rdrdwdkY\tpD;tyGm;udkomvkyfMu\/

þolrsm;onfvnf; toGifoP²meftm; jzifh avmu?tESpfom&tm;jzifh twå/ þodkYvQif toGifoP²mefESifh tESpfom&wdkYonf tcsif;csif;qefYusifMu\/

þodkYqefYusifjcif;onf avmuudk opömazmufjcif;yifjzpf\/ avmuudk opömazmufvQif opömazmufolwdkY\oGm;&mvrf;twdkif; wpfck aomaeYwGif xkdolwdkYESifh xkdolwdkY\taygif;ygwdkYonfoGm;Mu&rnfjzpf\/

"r®opfjzpfrStm;opfjzpf\"r®opfjzpfrStm;opfjzpf\

"r®opfjzpfrStm;opfjzpf\"r®opfjzpfrStm;opfjzpf\

"r®opfjzpfrStm;opfjzpf\

[if;csuf&mwGif [if;tr,frsm;udk wpfom;wnf;jzpfatmifcsufygrS [if;t&omay:\/ [if;t&om[lonf "r®opfjzpf\/"r®opfjzpfygrS tm;opfjzpf\/

[if;tr,frsm;udk a&maESmxm;½HkrQESifh "r®opfrjzpf/"r®opfrjzpfvQif [if;t&om rjzpf/ atmufqD*sif"mwfESifh[dkufN'dK*sif"mwfudk olYtcsK d;twdkif;wpfom;wnf;jzpfatmifaygif;pyfygrS a&jzpf\/ a&[lonf "r®opfrStm;opfjzpf\/ ,if;"mwfESpfrsKd;udka&maESmxm;½HkrQESif a&rjzpf/ a&onf "r®opfjzpf\/"r®opfjzpfvQif tm;opfxGuf\/ wl&d,mrsm;udk wD;rIwf&müvnf;oHpOfrsm;udk wpfom;wnf;jzpfatmif wD;rIwfEdkifygrS "r®opf jzpf\/"r®opfjzpfrS tm;opfxGuf\/

xdkenf; twdkif;yif 0pDuHESifh um,uHwdkYudk wpfom;wnf;jzpfatmif usihfoHk;ygrS opömjzpf\/ opöm[lonf "r®opfrS tm;opfjzpf\/ 0pDuHESifh um,uHudk wpfom;wnf;jzpfatmifrvkyfbJa&maESmae½HkrQESifhawmh opömrjzpf/

opömw&m;udk pG Judkifjcif;opömw&m;udk pG Judkifjcif;

opömw&m;udk pG Judkifjcif;opömw&m;udk pG Judkifjcif;

opömw&m;udk pG Judkifjcif;

þavmuü rnfolrqkd opömw&m;udk udkifpGJNyD;omrdrdwdkYvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfrnfqdkygu r[mokwaomrrif;vdkyif

cufcJaomvkyfief;rsm;ud k atmifjrifrnfjzpf\/ tu,fíratmifjrifvQifvnf; opömpGrf;tm;yrmPrjynfhao;íomjzpf\/pGrf;tm;r&dSíum; r[kwf/

xkdYaMumifh pGrf;tm;yrmPudk vkdtyf aomtwdkif;twmodkYa&mufatmif tm;xkwftyf\/ pGrf;tm;yrmPjynhfrDvQifrkcsatmifjrifrnf jzpfyg\/

tdEd ´,acgif;aqmifBuD; r[w¬r*ED ´ BuD;onfvnf;ol\b0wpfavQmufvHk; vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf&mü opöm\pGrf;tm;udktoHk;jyKí aqmif&Gufonfcsnf;jzpf\/ xdk YaMumifhol\aqmif&Gufenf;udk ouú#a0g[m&jzihf ]owsj*[}]owsj*[}]owsj*[}]owsj*[}]owsj*[}[lí qkd\/]owsj*[}]owsj*[}]owsj*[}]owsj*[}]owsj*[}\ teufrSm opömw&m;udk pGJudkifjcif;jzpf\/

t"d|mefyg&rDt"d|mefyg&rD

t"d|mefyg&rDt"d|mefyg&rD

t"d|mefyg&rD

t"d|mefyg&rD[lonf ]oAÁKñkaAm"d? yapöuaAm"d?om0uaAm"d [laomaAm"doHk;rsKd; wdkY\ tajcrlvorÇm&jzpfaom'gerI? oDvrI? aeu©r®rI? ynmrI ponfwdkYü ra&GUr,dkifBuHhckdifjcif;vu©Pm&dS\/ ,if;wdkY\qefYusifbufukd ESdrfeif; y,f&Sm;jcif;udpö&dS\/ ,if;vkyfief;wdkYü rwkefrvIyfbJ wnfNrJaomtaejzihfxif&Sm;\/ ,if;'gerI? oDvrI? aeu©r®rI? ynmrI ponfwdkYonft"d|mef\teD;qHk; taMumif;jzpf\}[lí qkd\/

jrefrma0g[m&tm;jzihf t"d|mefyg&rD[lonf aumif;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk yg&rDajrmufatmif aqmif&Guf&mü ,if;vkyfief;rsm;rysufjym; oGm;&avatmif ckdifrmaomqHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD;?xdkqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; aqmif&Gufjcif;yifjzpf\/

'geESpfrsK d;'geESpfrsK d;

'geESpfrsK d;'geESpfrsK d;

'geESpfrsK d;

ukodkvfaumif;rIrsm;udk vkyf&mü ckdifrmaom qHk;jzwfcsufjzifharmif;ESifyHhydk;ay;ygrSom ,if;aumif;rIonf txGwftxdyfodkYvnf;a&muf\/ yg&rDoabmudkvnf; aqmif\/

vlwdkYonf 'geudk j'yf&dStaejzifhvnf; jyKwwfMu\/j'yfrJhtaeESihf vnf;jyKwwfMu\/ j'yf&dStaeESifhjyKjcif;[lonfrSmrdrd\ypönf;Opömudk jzpfap? rdrd\um,tm;ESifh ÓP tm;udkjzpfapvSL'gef;jcif;jzpf\/ rdrdypönf;Opömudk vSLvQif ]tmrdo'ge} ]tmrdo'ge} ]tmrdo'ge} ]tmrdo'ge} ]tmrdo'ge} jzpf\/rdr d\um,tm;ESi f h ÓPtm;ud kvSLvQi f ]"r ®'ge} j"r ®'ge} j"r ®'ge} j"r ®'ge} j"r ®'ge} jzp f\/trSeftm;jzifh 'ge\tESpfom&rSm pGefYvTwfjcif;ESif h tepfemcHjcif;jzpf\/

2 ]]avmuNidrf;csrf;rIESifh om,mpnfyifzHGYNzdK;wkd;wufrI&&Sdap&ef}} Ak' "r®w&m;xGef;um;a&;? avmuygvw&m;ukd avmuom;tm;vkH;ESvkH;oGif;vufcHusifhokH;EkdifMuapa&; vkdtyfygrnf/

2 þpmrsufESmae&mwGif? q&mBuD; OD;a&Tatmif\ ]]Ak'avmuom;wkdY\ tEIdif;rJhaus;Zl;&Sif (ukd,fusifhAk'0if)}}rS yg&rDawmfrsm;ukdjznfhusifhawmfrljcif;}} tykdif;\ tESpfxJrS tESpftpktcsKdUukd zwfrSwfvG,fulusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef a&G;xkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

t,f'DwmtzJGY

All ears:- tm;vHk; em;awGpGihfaeMuw,f/All eyes:- tm;vHk; rsufpdawG zGifhaeMuw,f/

t*Fvdyfpum;rSm Much hearing and seeing odyfudkMum;csifjrifcsifaeMuw,fqdkwJh pum;wpf&yf&Sdygw,f/ odcsifMum;csifaevdkY *½kpkdufNyD; em;pGifhaeMuovdk? awGUcsifjrifcsif;vGef;vdkY *½kpdkufNyD; rsufpdrrSdwfwrf;vkdufMunhfaew,fqdkwJh pum;jzpfygw,f/

All ears qdkwJhpum;rsdK;u (IDM) vdkY twdkaumufac:wJh anidiomatic language OypmtoHk;tEIef; bmompum;rsdK;jzpfygw,f/

All ears; (IDM) (infml) odyfMum;csifaew,f/ 'gaMumihfem;pGihf xm;w,fvdkY qdkwmrsdK;pum;yg/

Tell me your news- I'm all ears.rif;&JUowif; ihgudkajymjyprf;yguGm/ ig odyfMum;csifvGef;vdkY

em;pGihfxm;w,f/All ears qdkwJh pum;vHk;&JU wkduf½dkufteufu hear tMum;?

hearing Mum;jcif;vdkY xGufygw,f/ tJ'D ]]tMum;}} qdkwJhpum;vHk;udk?(IDM) Oypmpum;eJY oHk;vkdufwJhtcgrSm? hear; hearing uae gall;galling jzpfNyD;awmh? be galling to the ear em;Mum;jyif;uyfw,f&,fvdkYteufxGufoGm;wmudk awGU&w,f/

t*Fvdyfpum;rSm umvç a'otvkduf oHk;EIef;ajymqdkMuwJh?"avhoHk;pum;awG&Sdygw,f/ tJ'gudk Today's idiom vdkYvJac:ygw,f/tJ'D tD'D,rf idiom rSmwpfcg? The popular idiom acwfay:tD'D,rfpum;/ religious idiom bmoma&;e,fy,frS qif;oufvmwJh tD'D,rfpum;/ Classical idiom ½dk;&m"avheJYqdkifwJh tD'D,rfpum;&,fvdkY "avhoHk;pum;awG&Sdygw,f/

'ghtjyif? a'od,pum;qdkwJh a'ooHk;pum; Have an earfor Irish idiom tdkif;&pf&SfvlrsdK;awG ajymqdkoHk;EIef;avh&SdMuwJh tdkif;&pf&SftD'D,rfpum;rsdK;awGuvJ &Sdao;w,f/

'Dae&mrSm tvsOf;oihfvdkY ajymjy&r,fqdk&if? Idiom pum;qdkwmu? yk'fwpfvHk;pDwkdif;&JU teufudkaygif;pyfjcif;tm;jzihf t"dyÜm,fr&Sif;vif;Edkifao;yJ? yk'fawGudk pkaygif;vdkufrS teuft"dyÜm,fay:xGufvmapwJhyk'fpk/ 'grSr[kwf wGifus,faewJhtac:ta0: ½kVDpum;? 'grSr[kwfcdkif;EdIif;wifpm;wJhpum;? Oypmpum;/ wenf;tm;jzihfajym&&if txl;0daooteuft"dyÜm,faqmifwJhpum;pkjzpfw,f/ pmrsufESm 18 okd YpmrsufESm 18 okd YpmrsufESm 18 okd YpmrsufESm 18 okd YpmrsufESm 18 okd Y

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Follows the Starry pathaiGMu,fpifwkdYaemufokdY vkdufoGm;jcif;aiGMu,fpifwkdYaemufokdY vkdufoGm;jcif;aiGMu,fpifwkdYaemufokdY vkdufoGm;jcif;aiGMu,fpifwkdYaemufokdY vkdufoGm;jcif;aiGMu,fpifwkdYaemufokdY vkdufoGm;jcif;

Aspects of Ba-husacca Pañña-

"r®0 D&-oEÅmatmif"r®0 D&-oEÅmatmif"r®0 D&-oEÅmatmif"r®0 D&-oEÅmatmif"r®0 D&-oEÅmatmif

By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar Aung, ITBM University, Yangon,

tJ'D idiom &JUpum;pkwpfckudk Oyrmjy&&if? Pull your socksup qdkwmrsdK;/ t"dyÜm,fu ]]rif;&JUtjyKtrlawGudk jyKjyifvdkufygOD;}} vdkYoufa&mufwJh Oypmpum;rsdK;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkpum;rsdK;udk t*FvdyfawGuIdiomatic obm0uswJhwdusrSefuefwJh? av;eufrI&SdwJhbmompum;idiosynorasy eJY? xl;jcm;wJhtoGifaqmifwJhpum; syncralic vdkY qdkygw,f/

Idiomatic qdkwmu (u) "avhoHk;qefwJhpum;vHk;jzpfwJh pum;rsdK;awGudk qdkvdkwmyg/ She speaks fluent and idiomatic French jyifopfEdkifiHoHk; Oypmpum;udk oHk;pGJajymqdkwmrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ (c) Oypmpum;?½kVDpum;jzpfwJh an idiomatic expression/ language qdkwmrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfcku umva'otvkduf rl[efajymqdkMuwmrsdK; anidiomatic rendering of a piano concerto &,fvdkY idiomatically ajymMuqdkMuwmrsdK;yg/

jrefrmpmvdk wifpm;ajymqdkMuwJh Oypmpum; toHk;tEIef;t&qdk&if ]]rsufpdawGzGifh? em;awGpGifhxm;Mu}} qdkwJh toHk;tEIef;rsdK;udk t*Fvdyfidiom pum;vHk;t& all ears; all eyes vdkY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/

jrefrmpum; ]]Mum;w,f}}? ]]em;eJYqwfqwfMum;w,f}} qdkwmudkt*Fvdyfu hear vdkY ajymygw,f/

You're not to go, do you hear me?rif;roGm;&bl;/ igajymaewm rif;Mum;&JUvm;¿I hear she's leaving.oloGm;awmhr,fvdkY igMum;w,f/jrefrmvdk ]]jrifw,f}}? ]]rsufpdeJYudk jrifw,f}} vdkY ajymwmudk

t*Fvdyfpum;u see vdkYajymygw,f/He couldn't see her in the crowd.vltkyfBuD;txJrSm olrudk olu rjrifbl;/Did you see the film on TV last night?NyD;cJhwJhnu wDADGuaejyoGm;wJh ½kyf&Sifum;udk cifAsm;Munhfvkduf

ao;ovm;¿tJ'D see jrifw,fqdkwJhpum;udk (IDM) idiom pum;taeeJY

oHk;wJhtcgusawmh-Not see eye to eye with him.