rafael dupont apostila bndes ingles

Lngua Estrangeira - Ingls

Prof.: Rafael Dupont

Ingls BNDES

Prof. Rafael Dupont Pgina 1

Ingls para Concursos Parte I Vocabulrio e Interpretao de texto

Unidade 1

Gneros Textuais

As provas de Ingls dos principais concursos no Brasil exigem do candidato a leitura e compreenso de textos de diferentes gneros. Estes gneros textuais possuem uma funo comunicativa especfica e se caracterizam por organizao, estrutura gramatical e vocabulrio especfico.

A familiaridade com o gnero textual possibilita ao candidato efetuar leituras mais eficientes e direcionadas, tornando mais fcil e rpida a localizao das informaes desejadas. Nosso objetivo nessa unidade aprender a identificar, de maneira simples e eficaz, os diferentes tipos de texto das provas de Ingls.

Os textos abaixo so de diferentes gneros. Qual o objetivo do autor em cada um deles

PYRO Studio

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1 2

Snoopy is an extroverted beagle with a Walter Mitty complex. He is a virtuoso at every endeavor at least in his daydreams atop his doghouse. He regards his master, Charlie Brown, as "that round-headed kid" who brings him his supper dish. He is fearless though prudently cautious about "the cat next door." He never speaks- that would be one human trait too many- but he manages to convey everything necessary in facial expressions and thought balloons. A one-man show with superior intelligence and vivid imagination, he has created such multiple personalities as: Joe Cool, World War I Flying Ace, Literary Ace, Flashbeagle, Vulture, Foreign Legionnaire, etc.

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Ingls BNDES


Dear Son, Im writing this letter slowly because I know you cant read fast. About your father - he isnt looking for a job anymore. Now he has a lovely job. He has 500 men under him - he cuts grass at the cemetery. Your uncle Patrick drowned last week in a vat of whiskey in the Dublin Distillery. Some of his workmates tried to save him but he fought against them bravely. They cremated him and it took three days to put out the fire. I went to the doctor on Thursday and your father went with me. The doctor put a sort of small tube in my mouth and told me not to talk for five minutes. When your father realized what had happened he offered to buy the tube from the doctor. It only rained twice this week, first for three days and then for four days. Monday was so windy that one of the chickens laid the same egg four times. We had a letter from the undertaker last week. He says he isnt going to wait anymore. If the payment on your Grandmothers plot isnt paid in seven days, up she comes!

Your loving Mother P.S. I was going to send you five pounds but I had already sealed the envelope.

4

A man was reading the paper when an

ad caught his eye: $500 Porsche! New! The

man thought that it was very unusual to

sell a Porsche for $500, and he thought it

might be a joke, but thought it was worth

a shot. So he went to the lady's house and

sure enough, she had an almost brand new

Porsche.

"Wow!" the man said. "Can I take it

for a test drive?" Unlike what he

expected, the man found that the car ran

perfectly and took it back to the lady's

house.

"Why are you selling me this great

Porsche for only $500?"

"My husband just ran off with his

secretary, and he told me I could have the

house and the furniture as long as I sold

his Porsche and sent him the money."

5

Japanese researchers develop synthetic paste for teeth

LONDON - Treating early tooth decay could become easier and less painful thanks to a new discovery by Japanese scientists. Researchers in Japan have developed a new synthetic tooth enamel that can repair early tooth decay without the need for drillings and fillings. The crystalline white paste can reconstruct enamel without removing the decayed area. It repairs small cavities and helps prevent new ones. We have shown that our synthetic material can reconstruct enamel without prior excavation, Kazue Yamagishi, of the FAP Dental Institute in Tokyo, said in a report in the science journal Nature on Wednesday. Dentists usually treat cavities by removing the decayed area and filling the hole with a resin or metal alloy. But it is not ideal for small cavities because healthy tooth is also removed to make the filling stick. The scientists tested the new paste on early decay in a lower premolar tooth. After examining the tooth with an electron microscope they found the paste integrated with the tooths natural enamel. But the researchers warned the paste should not come into contact with the gums because it could cause inflammation due to its high concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

6

Ingls BNDES


Unidade 2

para leitura.

Post-World War I and the Great Depression (19181940)

Following World War I, the U.S. grew steadily in stature as an economic and military world power. The aftershock of Russia's October Revolution resulted in real fears of communism in the United States, leading to a three-year Red Scare. Prohibition agents destroyed barrels of alcohol in Chicago, 1921. The United States Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles imposed by its Allies on the defeated Central Powers; instead, the United States chose to pursue unilateralism, if not isolationism. In 1920, the manufacture, sale, import and export of alcohol was prohibited by the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The "Prohibition" encouraged illegal breweries and dealers to make substantial amounts of money selling alcohol illegally. The Prohibition ended in 1933, a failure. During most of the 1920s, the United States enjoyed a period of unbalanced prosperity: farm prices and wages fell, while industrial profits grew. The boom was fueled by a rise in debt and an inflated stock market. The Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Dust Bowl, and the ensuing Great Depression led to government efforts to restart the economy and help its victims with Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. The recovery was rapid in all areas except unemployment, which remained fairly high until 1940.

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INDICATIONS: For the temporary relief of minor aches and pains associated with the common cold, headache, toothache, muscular aches, backaches, for the minor pain of arthritis, for the pain of menstrual cramps and for reduction of fever. DIRECTIONS: Adults: Take 1 caplet every 4 to 6 hours while symptoms persist. If pain of fever does not respond to 1 caplet, 2 caplets may be used but do not exceed 6 caplets in 24 hours, unless directed by a doctor. The smallest effective dose should be used.

7 8

Ingls BNDES


A

Able adj. capaz

About prep. sobre; adv. por volta de

Above adj.acima

Abroad adv. exterior

Accept v. aceitar

Accomplish(ed) v. realizar; (realizado)

Account n. relato

Accurate adj. preciso

Achieve(ment) v. alcanar, realizar (n. realizao)

Acquire v. adquirir

Actual(ly) adj. verdadeiro (adv. realmente)

Address n. discurso, endereo

Advice n. conselho

Advise v. aconselhar

Affair n. assunto, caso

Afford v. custear

Afraid adj. amedrontado (medo)

Age n. idade, poca; v. envelhecer

Agenda n. pauta

Agree(ment) v. concordar (n. acordo)

Aid n. ajuda

Aim n. objetivo; v. visar

Allow v. permitir

Almost adv. quase

Amend(ment) v. emendar, corrigir (n. melhoria)

Amount n. quantia

Ancient adj. antigo

Apply v. candidatar-se

Approach v. aproximar-se; n. abordagem

Arrive v. chegar

Article n. artigo

Assemble v. reunir(-se)

Asses(met) v. avaliar (n. avaliao)

Asset(s) n. bem, trunfo (n. pl. bens)

Assign(ment) v. atribuir, designar (n. tarefa, atribuilo)

Assume v. presumir, supor

Assure v. garantir

Attach v. anexar

Attend v. assistir, freqentar, comparecer

Attempt v. tentar

Available adj. disponvel

Average n. mdia

Ingls BNDES


Avoid v. evitar

Aware adj. ciente

As frases abaixo trazem exemplos de palavras que iniciam com a letra A. Nem todas elas aparecem na lista acima. Nestes casos, tente inferir o significado das palavras em destaque.

1. The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. 2. The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children. 3. We have been assigned the two large classrooms. 4. The teacher assigned each of the children a different task. 5. By the end of 1999 the group had assets of 4.5 billion dollars. 6. The older child should be able to prepare a simple meal. 7. It would be nice to be able to afford to retire early. 8. He lifted his hands above his head. 9. About 45 percent of its sales come from abroad.

10. an accurate description / account / calculation 11. accurate information / data 12. Accurate records must be kept. 13. Its not a question of some abstract concept. 14. Philip played the game according to the rules. 15. You dont need to talk to anyone/body if you dont want to. 16. He was too scared to tell anybody/one. 17. Its too expensive and anyhow/way the color doesnt suit you. 18. There had never been such a beautiful woman anywhere in the world. 19. Lets go anywhere next summer. 20. We are doing this all without any help from the government. 21. The plants are inspected for insects and if I find any, they are squashed. 22. He has assembled a team of experts to solve the problem. 23. The deputy was arguing about the easy availability of guns. 24. to apply for a job / passport / grant 25. to apply to a company / university 26. You should apply in person / by letter. 27. The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries. 28. He didnt approach the front door the whole time the police were around.. 29. At their approach the little boy ran away and hid. 30. Some people were for the proposal, but many more were against it. 31. Prices vary according to the quantity ordered. 32. We are moving ahead with plans to send financial aid to Iraq. 33. We are going to do an expedition across Africa. 34. The gene they discovered today doesnt account for all those cases. 35. You must be able to speak French for this job. 36. A viral illness left her barely able to walk. 37. I didnt feel able to disagree with him. 38. Her mother was away and couldnt advise her.

Ingls BNDES


39. I advise extreme caution. 40. Police are advising people to stay at home. 41. Follow your doctors advice. 42. We were advised to seek legal advice. 43. Let me give you a piece of advice. 44. A word of advice. Dont wear that dress. 45. Take my advice. Dont do it.

ATIVIDADES DE AULA

I - Complete the sentences below by using the words from the box.

AID ASSEMBLE AGENDA AIM ALLOW AGREE AVAILABLE AMEND APPLY

ABLE AFFORD

a. I wasnt . to finish the task on time. b. All the doctors .. that he should be transferred to a private room. c. I couldnt to buy any of the books asked, so I borrowed them from the

library. d. This is sure to be an item in the . next week. e. We are moving ahead with plans to send financial .. to Kurdish refugees. f. The .. of the text is to inform about Hindu culture and traditions. g. The Government doesnt .. tobacco companies to advertise on TV. h. The president agreed to .. the constitution and allow multi-party

elections. i. Sally will for that same kind of job again. j. Greenpeace managed to .. a large group of people to protest in front of the

town hall. k. The hotel was crowded. There was only one room . II Match the columns. 1. ABROAD 2. ADVISE 3. AFFAIR 4. ASSETS 5. AID 6. AWARE 7. ASSEMBLE 8. ASSIGN 9. ASSURE 10. ACCURATE

Ingls BNDES


( ) ACONSELHAR ( ) EXTERIOR ( ) BENS ( ) DESIGNAR, ATRIBUIR ( ) ASSUNTO ( ) PRECISO ( ) CIENTE ( ) GARANTIR ( ) REUNIR ( ) AUXLIO

TESTES

1. There are many who will work hard to achieve their goals. (A) alcanar (B) determinar (C) prender (D) fazer (E) terminar

2. Most areas suffered more rain than usual, with Northern Ireland getting double the average

for the month. (A) situao (B) chuva (C) montante (D) quantiade (E) mdia

3. She is very attached to her family and friends.

The gadget can be attached to any vertical surface. (A) ligada, anexada (B) forada, ligada (C) desligada, desacoplada (D) colada, forada (E) forada, ligada

4. The president gave an address to the American people. (A) endereo (B) conselho (C) aviso (D) considerao (E) discurso

Ingls BNDES


5. The new laws allow the confiscation of assets purchased with proceeds of the drugs trade. (A) remedios (B) drogas (C) acessrios (D) bens (E) aparelhos

6. Her leadership qualities were the greatest asset of the Conservative Party. (A) vantagem (B) sorte (C) bens (D) bem (E) segredo

7. The pilots had to take emergency actions to avoid a disaster. (A) conseguir (B) contornar (C) assimilar (D) evitar (E) resgatar

8. I see your point but Im not sure if I agree with you. (A) discordo (B) prefiro (C) acordo (D) concordo (E) vou 9. Sally traveled abroad with her family last week. (A) a bordo (B) para longe (C) para o exterior (D) de carro (E) com borda

10. They wont allow him to go on with his plan (A) ajudar (B) possibilitar (C) alterar (D) corroborar (E) permitir

Ingls BNDES


11. Have you read this newspaper article? (A) jornal (B) entrevista (C) venda (D) artigo (E) relato

12. Ill call you tomorrow night about ten oclock. (A) em ponto (B) depois das (C) sobre as (D) por volta das (E) antes das

13. This a National Security affair. (A) necessidade (B) perigo (C) assunto (D) afeto (E) questionamento

14. He gave me a superficial account of what happened that night. (A) conta (B) relato (C) acordo (D) reportagem (E) abordagem 15. If we all work together, I think well achieve our goal. (A) terminar (B) recomear (C) alcanar (D) otimizar (E) marcar 16. We approach the end of the year with the economy slowing and little sign of cheer. (A) abservamos (B) aproximamos (C) terminamos (D) comeamos (E) permitimos

Ingls BNDES


17. I can assure you that this is a safe sport. (A) assumir (B) comparar (C) garantir (D) recomndar (E) competir

18. The minister was unable to attend his friends funeral. (A) festejar (B) comparecer (C) atender (D) lamenter (E) compreender

Unidade 3

Para no sermos surpreendidos com o vocabulrio dos textos, imprescindvel que a

leitura das questes principalmente as de interpretao seja feita antes da primeira leitura do texto. Desse modo, ao lermos o texto, j teremos uma noo acerca do seu assunto e das informaes que devemos encontrar durante a leitura. Alm das questes de interpretao, comum encontrarmos questes de referncia pronominal ou numrica. Elas exigem do candidato a habilidade de relacionar pronomes e nmeros a substantivos encontrados no texto. Vale lembrar que utilizamos pronomes para evitar a repetio de substantivos.

Leia as questes abaixo e reflita sobre o possvel assunto do texto. Logo aps, sublinhe nos textos o pronome citado em cada uma das questes de referncia. Finalmente, faa uma leitura atenta do texto para responder s questes.

TEXTO I

19. The main purpose of the text is to

(A) inform about a new product. (B) show how drivers are imprudent. (C) inform the rate of accidents caused by distracted drivers. (D) explain how one can avoid accidents. (E) show the problem of distracted drivers.

20. According to the text, AutoVue

(A) is a system that avoids all kinds of accidents. (B) goes off every time the driver change lanes. (C) is a system controlled by a computer (D) is a system developed to reduce accidents. (E) emits a sound if the driver is distracted.

Ingls BNDES


21. The word it refers to (A) this camera (B) roadsides (C) dashboard (D) this system (E) accidents

Help For Distracted Drivers

The rate of automobile accidents caused by distracted is destined to decline, thanks to a new invention to alert drivers before they go off the road. Called AutoVue, this camera and computer combination can be attached to the dashboard of a car. When the car makes an unsignalled turn, this system emits a sound similar to the rumbling noise already caused by raised strips on roadsides. It will not go off if drivers indicate that they are changing lanes.

TEXTO II

22. The text doesnt inform that:

(A) Nokia is a huge company (B) The final price of the N-Gage (C) You can play games in the N-Gage (D) You can make phone calls with the N-Gage (E) The new N-Gage might compete with the Game Boy Advance

23. The word its refers to

(A) phone (B) mobile phone (C) Nokia (D) Nintendo (E) Game Boy Advance

A Giant Gets Bigger Nintendos Game Boy Advance may have some pretty hot competition coming up. Before the end of the year, mobile phone giant Nokia plans to expand its horizons with N-Gage, a GSM mobile

phone on which you can also play videogames stored on tiny memory cards. The cost has yet to be determined, but estimates vary from $100 to $200.

Ingls BNDES


TEXTO III 24. The best title for the text above is

(A) For Women Only (B) Sites For Women (C) Internets New Challenges (D) The Best On The Internet (E) Online Issues For All

Though womens Day has come and gone, here is a site that truly celebrates the gentler sex. The cleverly-named www.handbag.com offers in-depth coverage of issues of great interest and

importance to women. Theres a career expert, for example, to help you with your job change and an online house-price predictor to get you through those messy property issues. But youll also find some lighter editorial content, like the latest in celebrity gossip, fitness trends and beauty products. Definitely worth a visit!

TEXTO IV 25. According to the last lines of the text, it can be inferred that

(A) The site will be removed from the net due to the Vice Presidents complain. (B) Theres a real picture of the Vice Presidents wife with a clown nose. (C) The Vice Presidents wife works as a clown. (D) The site responded by sending the Vice President a doctored picture of his wife. (E) The site will be maintained besides the complaints received. 26. The words it and her refers respectively to

(A) the site the Vice President (B) portraits Lynne Cheney (C) portraits the Vice Presidents wife (D) office Lynne Cheney (E) the site Lynne Cheney

Humor or Disrespect? Courage. Passion. Faith. Petroleum. Xenophobia. Thats how one extremely popular satiric web site (www.whitehouse.org) sums up the Bush administration. a lampoon of the White Houses official web site (www.whitehouse.gov), whitehouse.org has been under fire lately for its less-than-lovely portraits of Lynne Cheney, the Vice Presidents wife, that prompted the Vice Presidents office to send a letter to the site requesting that it removes her satiric biography (pictures and all). The sites response: to devilishly doctor her picture with a clown nose and black tooth.

Ingls BNDES


TEXTO V

27. According to the text

(A) the American dream is the SUV. (B) the SUV models consume more oil than cars. (C) cars are under attack by environmentalists. (D) cars are wasteful vehicles. (E) not many people in the United States have an SUV. 28. The words which refers respectively to (A) SUV cars (B) American Dream SUV (C) car wasteful models (D) automobile SUV (E) car SUV Even if the automobile is one of the most powerful symbols of the American Dream, the recent war in Iraq led many people to question the countrys dependence on oil. It wasnt the car itself which came under attack from environmentalists so much as some of the most wasteful models. The massive SUV, or Sports Utility Vehicle, which is a truck on wheels, rather than a car, is a particular object of hate: the Hummer, for example, gives you as little as 12 miles per gallon, whereas a Toyota Prius can do 52 and this led the Union of Concerned Scientists to observe: If everybody in the US who drives an SUV drove a car instead, we could cut out Middle Eastern oil imports entirely.

Unidade 4

Observe com ateno a lista de palavras abaixo. Todas elas iniciam com as letras B e C e foram extradas de textos de vestibulares. Esta a continuao da lista bsica de vocabulrio para concursos.

B

Back n. costas; v. mover para trs; adj. de trs; adv. atrs, no passado, de volta

Background n. formao, experincia

Basis n. pl. base, parte principal

Before prep. diante de, perante; conj. antes que; adv. na frente de

Behave v. comportar-se, agir

Being n. existncia, se; v. (+ing) sendo, estando, ser, estar

Belief n. crena

Believe v. acreditar

Ingls BNDES


Belong v. pertencer

Blame v. culpar; n. culpa

Bond n. elo, vnculo

Born (be born) adj. nascido, nato; (v. nascer)

Borrow v. pegar emprestado

Both adj./pron. ambos;

Bound adj. compelido; n. limite; v. limitar

Boundary (line)

n. limite (linha divisria)

Brand n. marca (registrada)

Brief n. breve; adj. conciso

Broad adj. largo, amplo

Broadcast n. transmisso; v. transmitir

Bureau n. agncia, departamento

Business n. negcio

But conj. mas, porm; prep. exceto

C

Care n. cuidado; v. cuidar de

Caution n. prudncia

Century n. sculo

Certain adj. certo, determinado

Challenge n. desafio; v. desafiar

Chance n. possibilidade, chance

Change n. mudana; v. mudar

Chapter n. captulo

Character n. carter, personagem

Charge n. carga; v.carregar,acusar

Chart n. mapa, tabela

Childhood n. infncia

Choice n. escolha; adj. escolhido

Citizen n. cidado

Claim n. reivindicao, alegao; v. reivindicar, alegar

Class n. classe, sala, aula

Clever adj. inteligente, esperto

Clue n. pista, indcio

College n. faculdade, universidade

Commitment n.compromisso

Compare n. comparao; v. comparar

Complain(t) v. reclamar (n. reclamao)

Compliance n. consentimento

Comply v. concordar, consentir

Comprehensive adj. abrangente, amplo

Ingls BNDES


Compromise n. compromisso; v. entrar em acordo

Conceive v. conceber, imaginar

Concern n. preocupao, relao; v. preocupar

Concerned adj. Preocupado

Concerning prep. relativo a

Consider v. considerar, refletir

Constraint(s) n. constrangimento

Contend (with) v. discutir, afirmar (lidar com)

Content n. contedo; adj. contente

Convey v. transmitir

Cope (with) v. lidar com, suportar

Core n. ncleo, centro; adj. central

Cost n. custo; v. custar

Counterpart n. contraparte, correlativo

Countless adj, incontvel

Couple n. casal, par

Course of course

n. curso; v. percorrer naturalmente, claro

Create v. criar

Current n. corrente; adj. atual

As frases abaixo trazem exemplos das palavras acima em diferentes contextos. Nem todas elas aparecem na lista. Tente inferir o significado dessas palavras atravs do seu uso nas oraes.

1. She was too young to give the child the care it needed. 2. You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog. 3. Generosity is part of the American character. 4. Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the

government. 5. He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him. 6. He rejected claims that he had affairs with six women. 7. Theres been a record number of complaints about the standard of mobile phone

services on Brazils companies. 8. The move is in compliance with the European agreement on pesticides. 9. The group has expressed concern about reports of political violence in Africa. 10. The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern

western aid agencies. 11. The government contends that he is fundamentalist. 12. The director is reluctant to discuss the contents of the play. 13. Sandon Hall and its contents will be auctioned by Sotheby's on November 12th. 14. In every one of her pictures Frida Khalo conveys a sense of immediacy. 15. He also conveyed his views and the views of the bureaucracy. 16. He has had to cope with losing all his previous status and money. (=contend)

Ingls BNDES


17. It was amazing how my mother coped with bringing up three children on less than three pounds a week. (=manage)

18. The core of the city is a series of ancient squares. (=centre) 19. We must look the core of the problem. (heart) 20. The Secretary of State and his Russian counterpart met to try to solve the problems

involving both countries. 21. Ten years after its release, the Lands End shirt has suffered countless improvements. 22. There used to be strong bond between church and power. 23. FBI stands for Federal Bureau of Investigation. 24. He greeted them with a wave and a broad smile. 25. Mark wouldnt let me borrow his clothes. 26. Under certain conditions, electrons can behave like waves rather than particles. 27. Nothing would relieve his terrible sense of blame. 28. Kirgizia is bounded by Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan. 29. The Minister is concerned about this issue. 30. Mozarts life was brief. 31. In a broadcast on state radio the government also announced that it is willing to resume

peace negotiations. 32. He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 33. She is unable to conceive. 34. I just cant even conceive of that huge quantity of money. 35. Christopher is commonly known as Kit. 36. Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless of their ability to pay. 37. Standards in health care have improved a lot. 38. Caution is the key word in this situation. 39. Statistics should be treated with caution. 40. The decision will impose serious constraints on all schools ATIVIDADES DE AULA

I Complete the sentences below by using the words from the box.

COMPLAIN BUREAU CAUTION COMMONLY

CONCEIVE BROAD CONCERNING

CONCERNED CHARACTER BRIEF

BROADCAST CLAIM CARE

Ingls BNDES


a. Their visit didnt take long. It was very . b. The opposite of . is narrow. ... means the same as wide. c. The concert will be . live. d. For further details, you may contact the Tourist Information .. . e. You should take more over your work. f. These products are very fragile. They must be treated with .. . g. The most famous Shakespeares .. is Hamlet. h. An underground organization has responsibility for the bomb explosion. i. The disease is less rare than .. supposed. j. The Brazilian people often about the government but does nothing. k. Last night I received a strange phone call from a neighbor. He seemed

worried about noises on the street. l. The presidents of both countries discussed various questions .. pollution and

the environment. m. He . the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts center. TESTES

29. His background was in engineering. (A)profisso (B)formao (C)costas (D)passado (E)traseira

30. I cant bear people who make judgments and label me. (A) gosto (B) interesso (C) presto ateno (D) relaciono (E) suporto

31. How could she tell beforehand that I was going to fail? (A) distantemente (B) posteriormente (C) anteriormente (D) distantemente (E) erroneamente

Ingls BNDES


32. One billion people throughout the world are Muslins, united by belief in one God. (A) favor (B) lado (C) culpa (D) crena (E) marca

33. She has many qualities besides being very beautiful. (A) ao lado de (B) alm de (C) acima de (D) contanto que (E) perto de

34. The commission is expected to blame the army for many o the atrocities.

(A) acusar (B) aceitar (C) cobrar (D) negociar (E) amparar

35. The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.

(A) desavena (B) acordo (C) ligao (D) disputa (E) negcio

36. The new treatment could save Emmas life and the lives of countless others. (A) poucas (B) contveis (C) incontveis (D) sempre (E) mais

37. Brazil is free to adopt policies to bolster its economy.

(A) prejudicar (B) incrementar (C) melhorar (D) amparar (E) suportar

Ingls BNDES


38. That incredible experience created a very special bond between us. (A) distncia (B) reao (C) elo (D) negcio (E) paixo

39. Drug traffickers operate across national and international boundaries. (A) territrios (B) divisas (C) guardas (D) faces (E) correntes

40. The local branch of Bank of America is having serious problems with its shareholders.

(A) matriz (B) quartel-general (C) banco (D) repartio (E) filial

41. Nike is a brand of Tennis-shoes.

(A) loja (B) seo (C) marca (D) repartio (E) filial

42. .. is very important in this situation. (A) Claim (B) Complain (C) Conceive (D) Core (E) Caution 43. Those residents expressed about the crime statistic. (A) Conceive (B) Concern (C) Chance (D) Contend (E) Complain

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Unidade 5

Vamos colocar em prtica nosso conhecimento.

Instruo: As questes de nmero 1 a 4 referem-se ao texto abaixo.

Not Just Sex and Sangria

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

It's just after sunset on a recent Friday, a quiet time in the off season on the island of Ibiza. The $200-a-week package tours from the north of England have not begun to descend on San Antonio Bay, which resembles a mini-Miami Beach on the Spanish Mediterranean. Ibiza owes its life to tourism. When holiday makers from Europe began flocking to the arid and impoverished island 30 years ago, they saved it from collapse. Their dollars helped compensate for the stagnant salt, fishing and agriculture industries. But to tourism grew too much, too fast. Ibiza became synonymous with sun, sex and sangria. Thousands of young Europeans descended upon the island each summer, threatening to destroy the local culture and the people's peaceful life. Now the island is fighting back. The government is desperately trying to take tourism in a new direction, by inviting more capital from up-market tourists and promoting cultural tourism to attract selected groups of culture-hungry tourists so as to avoid the damaging effects of uncontrolled tourist trade. It is also setting high standards for hotels and restaurants, and forbidding new construction close to the water.

extracted and reduced from a report by Stryker McGuire in NEWSWEEK, May 12,1997

44. Ibiza is located (A) near Miami Beach (B) on the Spanish Mediterranean (C) on San Antonio Bay (D) in the north of England (E) on the Continent 45. Ibiza owes its life to tourism because (A) tourists invested their dollars in fishing (B) it contributed to develop Ibiza's culture (C) in the past, tourists worked in the arid fields (D) it compensated for the weakness of the industry (E) the island can only live on agriculture

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46. But tourism grew too much and too fast". The growth of mass tourism in Ibiza is described as (A) a necessary and agreeable occurrence (B) a policy established by the government (C) a danger for the local people's life-style (D) a problem for the young European tourists. (E) a desirable thing for everyone on the island 47. Now, the Government intends to (A) promote a better kind of controlled tourism (B) change the directors of the tourism industry (C) increase the constructions near the bay (D) send tourists to several other places (E) forbid the entrance of culture-hungry people

Instruo: As questes de nmero 5 a 10 referem-se ao texto abaixo.

Development, democracy, and village telephone

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

I was born in 1942 and raised in a poor village in one of the poorest areas of rural India, a place with kerosene lamps and no running water. In 1980, at 38, I was a U.S. citizen and a self-made telecommunications millionaire. By 1990, I was 47 years old and nearing the end of nearly a decade back in India as leader of a controversial but largely successful effort to build an Indian information industry and begin the immense task of extending digital telecommunications to every corner of my native country, even to villages like the one where I was born. That effort persists today at an increased pace, but it remains controversial. Some of the controversy has centered on me and my methods. Most of it focuses on the efficacy and logic of bringing information technology to people who are in global terms the poorest of the poor. Common sense and accepted thinking about economic development have long held it ridiculous to supply Third-World villages with modern technology. What subsistence farmers need is not high-tech science and complex systems, the argument goes, but basic literacy, disease resistant cereals and oilseeds, that is, all the "appropriate" technologies that the unsophisticated rural poor can use and understand. For me, modern telecommunications and electronic information systems are appropriate technologies even in those regions of the world that still lack adequate water, food, and power. The reason is simply that modern telecommunications is an indispensable a id in meeting basic needs. Wouldn't a telephone help a poor community if a natural calamity, like fire or flood, happened? Technology can eliminate cultural barriers, affect economic inequalities, even compensate for intellectual disparities. In short, high technology can put unequal

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26 27

human beings on an equal footing, and that makes it the most potent democratizing tool ever devised.

extracted and reduced from an article by Sam Pitroda

48. The writer's life has (A) always been poor and difficult (B) gone from poverty into richness (C) never changed in any way. (D) shown a very poor development (E) become a sad and dull one 49. Some years after having become an American citizen, the writer (A) didn't even think about his village in India (B) decided to become a farmer in his village (C) chose not to think about the poor people's needs (D) decided to work only for the poor areas in the U.S. E) began fighting for telecommunications in India 50. The writer's project for telecommunications in his native country is controversial because (A) people there really hate the leader of the project (B) the leader wants to receive a great amount of money (C) the propositions in the project seem inappropriate (D) the project will only protect the poorest people (E)the villagers consider the project unsophisticated 51. From the writer's viewpoint, telecommunications is (A) an ineffective tool for the the villagers' work (B) a superfluous economic tool for poor farmers (C) a disaster for democratic systems of government (D) a basic aid for socio-cultural and economic equality (E) a ridiculous element in the life of poor communities 52. The expression at an increased pace (l. 7) indicates that the project in India is now being carried out with (A) greater delay (B) weaker enthusiasm (C) fewer people involved (D) more rigorous control (E) greater speed

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53. Technology can eliminate cultural barriers... (L. 18) In this sentence, the modal verb can indicates that the writer considers the elimination of cultural barriers (A) doubtful (B) impossible (C) hypothetical (D) unconvincing (E) probable

Unidade 6

Observe com ateno a lista de palavras abaixo. Todas elas iniciam com as letras D e E e foram extradas de textos de concursos. Esta a continuao da lista de palavras essenciais para o vestibular.

D

Damage n. dano; v. danificar

Data n. pl. (de datum) dados

Deal (with) n. acordo; v. negociar (lidar com)

Dealing(s) n. negcio(s), procedimento

Death n. morte

Decrease n. decrscimo; v. diminuir

Deep n. profundidade; adj. profundo, intenso

Defeat n. derrota; v. derrotar

Definetly adv. Definitivamente

Degree n. grau, diploma

Delay n. atraso; v. adiar

Deliver(y) v. entregar, dar a luz (n. entrega)

Demand n. demanda; v. demandar

Deny v.negar

Depth n. profundidade

Deserve v. merecer, ser digno de, ter direito a

Design n. projeto, desenho v. projetar, desenhar

Desire n. desejo, vontade; v. desejar

Develop v. desenvolver

Device n. dispositivo, aparelho

Disease n. doena, enfermidade; v. infectar

Display n. exibio; v. exibir

Double n. dobro, duplo

Doubt n. dvida; v. duvidar

Drop n. gota; v. gotejar, deixar cair

Duty n. dever, taxa, imposto

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E

Each adj. cada (um), cada qual

Earn v. ganhar, receber, merecer

Ease n. sossego, facilidade; v. aliviar, abrandar

Eastern n./adj. Oriental

Edge n. extremidade, beira, limite, vantagem; v. margear, avanar devagar

Effect n. efeito, resultado; v. efetuar, causar

Effort n. esforo, empenho

Either adj. um ou outro; adv. tambm, em vez de; conj. ou, seno

Emphasize v. enfatizar

Employ v. empregar

Enable v. permitir, capacitar

Enhance v. aumentar, melhorar

Enough n. o suficiente;adj. bastante

Entire adj. inteiro; n. o todo

Establish v. estabelecer, determinar

Eventually adv. eventualmente, finalmente

Ever adv. sempre, alguma vez

Excerpt n. excerto; v. extrair

Exchange n. troca; v. trocar

Expect v. esperar

Expense n. despesa

Explain v. explicar

1. Jack doesnt want to damage his reputation as a politician. 2. The proposal was defeated by just one vote. 3. The government has denied that there was a plot to kill the president. 4. Those workers deserve to make more than minimum wage. 5. We may be able to design a course to suit your particular needs. 6. All countries, it was predicted, would develop and develop fast. 7. Jacks duty is to look after the animals. 8. We need helpers of all types, engineers, scientists (e.g. geologists), teachers, 9. Each year, hundreds of animal are killed in tropical forests. 10. Companies must earn a reputation for honesty. 11. She passed her exam with ease. 12. Thats a typical eastern custom. 13. Dont put that cup so near to the edge of the table it will fall off! 14. The effort of climbing the hill made the old man very tired. 15. The money I inherited enabled me to go on a world cruise. 16. These clothes do nothing to enhance her appearance. 17. They enjoy playing tennis. 18. Men and Women should enjoy equal rights. 19. Dont start it again! We have enough problems already. 20. He had spent his entire life in China as a doctor.

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21. If the warranty is limited, the term may entitle you to a replacement or a refound. 22. Pupils in our schools are taught in a safe, secure environment. 23. We have a duty to persuade others to respect the environment. 24. The UN has established detailed criteria for who should be allowed to vote. 25. The human race has enough weapons to annihilate itself. 26. The committee was established in 1912

1. Complete the sentences below by using the words from the box.

DELIVER ENOUGH DEFEAT DERIVE

DECREASE EVENTUALLY DELAY DESIGN DEVICE

DEPTH DATA ENHANCE

a. The study was based on .. from 2,100 men and women. b. You must gradually ... the amount of vitamin C you are taking. c. Cesars guerrillas the colonial army in 1968. d. For sentimental reasons I wanted to my departure until February. e. The Canadians plan to . more food to southern Somalia next summer. f. This is an opportunity to .. the reputation of the company. g. The smallest lake in this region ranges from ten to fifteen feet in .. . h. The word Easter .. from Eostre, the pagan goddess of spring. i. They wanted to a machine that was both practical and attractive. j. They were selling an electronic . that protects your vehicle 24 hours a day. k. Is there .. room for me? l. She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and ...work for The Times.

2. Match the columns.

(F) develop (G) disease (H) display (I) distress (J) domain (K) draft (L) drop (M) duty

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( ) angstia, aflio ( ) domnio, propriedade ( ) esboo, rascunho ( ) desenvolver ( ) doena ( ) exibir, revelar ( ) gota, gotejar ( ) dever, obrigao

TESTES

54. Thats a lovely way to earn a living. (A) perder (B) viver (C) ganhar (D) obter (E) vencer 55. I gave him some brandy to ease the pain.

(A) reforar (B) aumentar (C) recuar (D) abrandar (E) intensificar 56. We were on a hill, right on the edge of town.

(A) incio (B) meio (C) limite (D) fora (E) dentro 57. The teacher disagrees with the methods and approaches employed in this study.

(A) testados (B) aplicados (C) direcionados (D) revisados (E) observados 58. The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.

(A) capacitar problema (B) permitir doena (C) ajudar doena (D) permitir problema (E) avisar doena

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59. Large paintings can enhance the feeling of space in small rooms. (A) favorecer (B) capacitar (C) aumentar (D) suportar (E) diminuir

60. There are only ten airports in the entire country.

(A) metade (B) todo (C) completo (D) parte (E) somente

61. That was a fantastic chance to ....................... her reputation.

(A) duty (B) domain (C) demand (D) enhance (E) enable

Unidade 7

Utilizamos a estratgia de leitura chamada active reading para identificarmos o tpico do texto e mapearmos as informaes nele presentes sem nos preocuparmos com os seus detalhes. Para tanto, devemos ler o primeiro pargrafo na sua totalidade e refletir sobre duas questes muito simplres: Qualo assunto geral do texto? Qual aspecto desse assunto est sendo abordado?

Em seguida, observamos o texto rapidamente e prestamos ateno nas primeiras e ltimas oraes de cada pargrafo, palavras e expresses em itlico e nos cognatos. Dessa forma, podemos mapear o texto e as informaes presentes em cada pargrafo.

J a tcnica de leitura conhecida como scanning pode ser extremamente til quando necessitamos identificar informaes especficas no texto. Para excuta-la, basta correr os olhos no texto at localizarmos o trecho no qual se encontra o assunto procurado. como procurar um nome numa lista telefnica ou uma palavra no dicionrio.

Podemos utilizar estas duas ferramentas para realizarmos as provas de Ingls dos concursos com mais eficincia. Devemos lembrar que as questes de interpretao de texto exigem do candidato a compreenso da idia geral/principal do texto bem como a identificao de detalhes especficos encontrados no mesmo.

Observe os textos abaixo e faa uma primeira leitura rpida dos mesmos, observando os ttulos, cognatos, referncias e tpicos frasais. Em seguida, tente resumir, em apenas uma frase, a idia central de cada um deles.

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ANIMAL mAGIS

ANIMAL MAGIC Most animals have a better sense of smell than humans. Dogs, for example, are renowned for their acute sense of smell a hunting dog has around 220 million sensory cells, 35 times more than a human. Horses also have highly developed noses, to make up for their poor eyesight, and fish and water mammals also usually have a good sense of smell. Sharks, in particular, can detect fresh blood at great distances. Smell can ensure the survival of the species male silkworm can locate a female five miles away by her specific aroma. Some animals, however, cant smell at all. Most underground animals have an acute sense of vibration, but cannot detect any scent.

TOP SANT - Health and Beauty

NIGHT MOVES No one knows why some people sleepwalk. But it tends to run in families and is much more common in children than in adults. Although sleepwalkers are usually able to guide themselves through doors and down stairs, they are infallible and can quite easily hurt themselves by walking into things. It is difficult and not advisable to wake a sleepwalker. Usually the best idea is simply to guide them back to bed. According to Dr Hanning, the people most likely to sleepwalk and to sleep talk are those who tend to be more deeply affected by outside events such as horror films and disturbing news stories. This may well explain why children are more prone than adults.

TOP SANT, Health and Beauty

1 2

NUTRITION BARS: NOT WHAT THEY CLAIM

Many of the high-priced nutrition bars Americans wolf down arent what they seem, a new study says. The gadflies at consumelab.com, a private organization that evaluates health and nutrition products, tested 30 bars for level of fat, carbohydrates, proteins, cholesterol and sodium. Only 12 conformed to their labels claims. Half had up to 20 grams more of carbs, including sugar. The lab says people should be skeptical of any bar claiming to have fewer than 15 grams of carbs. Four bars had at least twice as much sodium as claimed. Two had more overall fat, and four had up to three times the listed levels of saturated fat. But dieters rejoice: all calorie claims were accurate.

www.usatoday.com

3

CIGARETTE SMOKING DELAY CONCEPTION

Women who want to get pregnant delay their chances by about two months if they smoke tobacco, a study finds. The study clearly shows a link between smoking and fertility problems, says Marcus Munafo of the Institute of Health Sciences at the University of Oxford in England. The study included 569 women smokers, ex-smokers and those who had never smoked with an average age of 29. On average, smokers took two months longer to conceive, but the scientists found no difference between women who had never smoked and those who had quit at least a year earlier, says the report in the Journal of Biosocial Science. In addition to delaying conception, smoking during pregnancy is linked to higher infant mortality, an increased risk of respiratory infection and lower-weight babies, scientific studies have shown.

www.usatoday.com

4

8

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IDIA CENTRAL

1: ___________________________________________________________ 2: ___________________________________________________________ 3: ___________________________________________________________ 4: ___________________________________________________________

Agora, vamos mapear o texto abaixo e descobrir o seu tema principal:

The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

5 Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided substantial medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species

10 have been carefully examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. Scientists estimate that, at the accelerating rate at which rainforests are now being destroyed, as much as 20 or 25 percent of the

15 world's plant species will soon be extinct. Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are obtained from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$ 43 billion some years ago. Seventy percent of the 3,000

20 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are characteristic of the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly

25 as drugs. For maladies ranging from persistent headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers.

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Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms 30 sometimes serve as models from which scientists and

researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds. For example, the blueprint for aspirin comes from extracts of willow trees found in the rainforest. Neostigmine, a chemical obtained from the Calabar bean and used to

35 treat glaucoma in West Africa, also provides the blueprint for synthetic insecticides. However, the chemical structures of most natural drugs are very complex, and simple extraction is usually less expensive than synthesis. Ninety percent of the prescription drugs that are based on

40 higher plants include direct extractions from plants. Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products.

45 Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to

50 offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self- defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need

55 for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

http://www.ran.org/info_center/factsheets/05f.html 1995-2003 Rainforest Action Network

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Unidade 8

Observe com ateno a lista de palavras abaixo. Todas elas iniciam com as letras F, G, H, I, J e K e foram extradas de textos de concursos.

F

Face n. rosto; v. enfrentar

Fail v. fracassar

Failure n. fracasso

Fair n. feira; adj. justo

Faith n. f

Fall (fell, fallen)

n. queda, outono; v. cair

Far adj. distante

Fate n. destino, sorte; v. destinar, condenar

Fault n. culpa, defeito, falha; v. causar defeito

Fear n. medo; v. temer

Feature(s) n. (pl.) aspecto, caracterstica; v. exibir

Field n. campo, rea de atuao; adj. de campo

Figure (out) v. imaginar (deduzir, entender)

Fill v. preencher

Fit adj. adequado; v. adequar-se, caber

Fix v. consertar

Foreign adj. estrangeiro

Foreword n. prefcio, prlogo, introduo

Forgive v. perdoar

Former adj. primeiro, anterior, antigo, ex-

Fortunately adv. felizmente

Found v. fundar

Full(ly) adj. cheio (completamente)

Full-time n. tempo integral

Further adj. mais distante, mais; adv. mais, alm (disso)

G

Gender n. gnero, sexo

General adj. geral; n. general

Goal n. meta, objetivo, finalidade, fim

Good adj. Bom

Goods n. pl. mercadorias, bens, artigos

Grant n. doao; v. conceder, admitir

Great(ly) adj. grande, timo (adv. grandemente, muito)

Gross n. grosso, total; adj.bruto, grosseiro

Ground n. terra, base; v. estabelecer

Growth n. crescimento, aumento

Guess n. palpite; v. adivinhar, supor

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Guide n. guia, manual; v. guiar, conduzir, ensinar

Guideline n. norma, orientao, instruo

H

Half n. metade; adj. meio; adv. em metade

Handle v. lidar com, manejar

Hard adj. duro, difcil; adv. duramente

Hardly (ever) Adv. dificilmente, quase nunca

Harm(ful) n. dano, mal; v. prejudicar, fazer mal (adj. prejudicial)

Height(en) n. altura, auge, cume (elevar)

Help(ful) n. ajuda; v. ajudar, evitar (adj. til)

Hence Adv. conseqentemente, portanto

Highlight n. ponto culminante; v. focalizar, realar, iluminar

Highly Adv. altamente, muito

Hinder v. impedir, obstruir, atrapalhar

Hopefull(ly) adj. esperanoso (adv. esperanosamente)

However Adv. no entanto, entretanto Conj. porm, contudo

I

If conj. se, caso

Ill n. mal; adj. doente, mal;

Imply v. insinuar, sugerir, dar a entender

Improve(ment) v. melhorar, aperfeioar (melhoria)

Income n. renda

Increase n. aumento, crescimento; v. aumentar

Increasingly adv. de modo crescente

Indeed adv. de fato, na verdade

in-depth adj. detalhado

Infer v. inferir, deduzir

Input n. contribuio, informaes

Inquire, enquire

v. inquirir, investigar

J

Join n. juno;v. juntar, ligar, associar-se

Joint n. junta, unio; adj. ligado, comum

Journal n.peridico, revista (tcnica), dirio

Just adj. justo; adv. exatamente, quase, agora mesmo, somente, h pouco

Just as tal qual, no momento

K

Keep (kept) v. manter, guardar, cumprir

Key n. chave,cdigo; adj. central, principal

Kind n. tipo, classe; adj. amvel, gentil

Knowledge n. conhecimento, sabedoria

Ingls BNDES


Exemplos de uso.

1. Students can gain valuable experience by working on the campus radio or magazine. 2. Excessive weight gain doesnt do you any good. 3. The figures show a general decline in employment. 4. Johns goal on life is to write a book. 5. That clothing store is specialized in leather goods. 6. Mr. Brown granted the man permission to leave. 7. Sally was awarded a grant for studying abroad. 8. The crowds behaved grossly during the whole match. 9. A strong wind was blowing right in my face. 10. Youll face many challenges next year. 11. He failed in his attempt to take control of the company. 12. Their marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it. 13. The result of the contest was very fair according to specialists. 14. I ought to seal the boxes. I dont want the books falling out from them. 15. I know a nice Italian restaurant not very far from here. 16. All that trouble was Georges fault. 17. It is a big fault to think that you can learn how to manage people in business

school. 18. The spacious garden and the pool are special features of the house. 19. I watched an incredible movie which features a Spanish actor in the main role. 20. They went for walks together in the fields. 21. Theyve spent a lifetime fighting against prejudice and racism. 22. The new government figures predict that two in ten marriages will end in divorce. 23. They are trying to figure out the politician of this whole situation. 24. The government has files on peoples taxes and incomes. 25. Those pants were too small and didnt fit his waist. 26. The president fulfilled his promise of announcing date for the referendum. 27. Without them you will not be able to fulfill the tasks you have before you. 28. Fortunately, our train arrived on time. 29. More than half of all households report incomes above $ 10,000. 30. Youll have to be able to handle the whole situation. 31. If Mark asks what happened in court I think we should tell him the truth. 32. She was dressed in the height of fashion. 33. What is the height of this building? 34. George is always very helpful to his mother. 35. The trade imbalance is likely to rise again in 2010. Hence anew set of policy actions

will be required. 36. I cant carry this parcel. It is too heavy for me. 37. Im very worried about Johns heavy drinking. 38. The traffic along Trafalgar Square was really heavy. 39. Those children are nearly the same height. 40. What is the height of that mountain? 41. The highlight of our tour was seeing the palace. 42. Internacionals match was one of the highlights of the championship.

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43. I watched a TV program which was highlighting the problems of the unemployed. 44. Two events have highlighted the tension in recent days. 45. Mr. Smith is highly successful salesman. 46. The new laws will hinder rather than promote prison reform. 47. Laura hopes to find a new job within the next two weeks. 48. All the players felt incredibly ill after eating that meal. 49. His silence seemed to imply agreement. 50. We need to improve our performance on the next game. 51. It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more

prosperous economy. 52. Theyll have to find a way to augment their income in order to buy the house of

their dreams. 53. The world population continues to increase. 54. It became increasingly expensive to hire baby-sitters. 55. I was absolutely right. There was indeed a conspiracy. 56. The researchers will have to do an in-depth analysis of the figures. 57. I inferred from what you said that she has not been feeling well recently. 58. He was a man with considerable insight.

ATIVIDADES DE AULA 1. Match the columns.

( 1 ) FACE ( 2 ) FORBID ( 3 ) FARTHER ( 4 ) FIELD ( 5 ) FILE ( 6 ) FURTHERMORE ( 7 ) FIT ( 8 ) GENDER ( 9 ) GROWTH (10) GOODS (11) GROSS (12) GRANT (13) GO ON (14) GIVE RISE

Ingls BNDES


( ) ALM DISSO ( ) DAR ESPAO ( ) PROIBIR ( ) ADEQUAR-SE, AJUSTAR-SE ( ) SEGUIR ( ) ARQUIVO, ARQUIVAR ( ) CONCEDER ( ) CAMPO, REA DE ATUAO ( ) GROSSEIRO ( ) MAIS DISTANTE ( ) ENFRENTAR ( ) MERCADORIAS, BENS ( ) GNERO,SEXO ( ) CRESCIMENTO 2. Fill in the blanks by using the words from the box below.

HARM HANDLE HELPFUL HIGHLIGHT (N) HARDLY EVER

HARMFUL HIGHLIGHT (V) HOWEVER

HOPEFUL

a) She will never make a good teacher she doesnt know how to .. children. b) He normally stays home during the weekends. He .. goes out. c) Theres no need to be frightened they will do you no ... . d) Medicines can be if you take too much of them. e) You may find this book very .. to your research. f) Seeing the palace was the .. of our tour. g) Johns comments served to many points in our discussion. h) His first response was to say no. Later, .. he changed his mind. i) I feel .. that well find a way to solve this problem very soon. 3. Supply he correct words for the definitions and examples below (letters J and K).

a) A .. is a magazine, especially one that deals with a specialized subject. ex.: All

the results of this research will be published in Scientific . b) If someone . in a particular state, they remain in it. ex.: All this noise will

.. him awake. c) A . is a part of the human body such as an elbow or a knee where two

bones meet and are able to move together. ex.: Her . ache if she exercises. d) A is a specially shaped piece of metal that you place in a lock and turn in

order to open or lock a door, or to stop or start the engine of a vehicle. ex.: They put the in the door and entered the room.

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e) is information or understanding about a subject which a person has, or which all people have. ex. The Minister told the parliament he had no ... about the affair.

f) If you talk about a particular .. of thing, you are talking about one of the types or sorts of that thing. ex.: What .. of food do you like?

TESTES

62. The high walls are a special feature of the castle. (A) proteo (B) beleza (C) caracterstica. (D) defesa (E) traado

63. His long legs didnt fit under the table. (A) cabiam (B) seguravam (C) serviam (D) dobravam (E) pregavam

64. The company is in urgent need to improve the quality of its services. (A) modificar (B) implementer (C) alterar (D) manter (E) melhorar

65. Tax is payable in all income over the specific amount. (A) dvida (B) receita (C) salrio (D) renda (E) parcela

66. The rate of inflation has increased by 2%. (A) diminui (B) aumentou (C) declinou (D) inverteu-se (E) modificou-se

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67. There has been an increase of nearly 50% on oil prices over last year. (A) aumento (B) reduo (C) diferenciao (D) moderao (E) recuo

68. Later, he admitted that the payments had indeed been made. (A) claramente (B) felizmente (C) no obstante (D) de fato (E) parcialmente

69. We will discuss these three areas in depth next week. (A) superficialmente (B) oralmente (C) em profundidade (D) com dedicao (E) indeterminadamente

70. We visited America and Australia, staying longer in the former than in the latter. (A) ltimo (B) inicial (C) final (D) primeiro (E) antigo

71. You dont have to be a detective to figure out some things. (A) deduzir (B) duvidar (C) roubar (D) desdenhar (E) figurar

72. They are late something must have happened to them. (A) esquecido (B) permanecido (C) atrasado (D) acontecido (E) obstruido

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73. I can hardly carry this parcel. Its too heavy. (A) suave (B) pesado (C) complicado (D) antigo (E) leve

74. We were very short of money, hence we had to spend the night in a cheap hotel. (A) por outro lado (B) depois (C) alm disso (D) contudo (E) portanto

75. In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and .. . (A) gender (B) goods (C) gross (D) grant (E) growth

76. We are increasingly concerned about personal .. and development. (A) gender (B) increase (C) growth (D) face (E) forbid

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Unidade 9

Time to practice!!!

PETS PROVIDE HEALING FOR THE XXI CENTURY

By Margrit Oyens The Umbrella , Vol. X, Novembro de 2004

5 10 15 20 25 30

In an interview given by Dr. Tennis Turner, president of the International Association of Human-Animal Integration Organizations (IAHAIO) and professor for veterinary science at the University of Zurich, he stated that the company of cats and dogs is essential to human quality of life. He has been trying to convince authorities, from ministers of health of First World countries to leaders of small South African communities, to invest in programs of Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT). Dr. Turner has stated that the company of pets benefits not only those physically or mentally ill, but also all ordinary human beings, regardless of their family income. It is good not only for the health of the individual but for public health as well. Animal Assisted Therapy represents a tremendous economy to public health, as it often succeeds in cases where traditional medical treatment has failed. In his quality of president of IAHAIO, Dr. Turner organizes conferences in major cities, which are attended by doctors from all over the world, with the intention of divulging the results of studies and experiments where animals have acted as therapists to children, juvenile delinquents, the elderly, women suffering from breast cancer, the mentally deficient, and even couples undergoing a crisis in their relationship. Knowing the physical and psychological needs of cats and dogs helps us to treat them better. Only happy and healthy pets can be good company for

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human beings and contribute to our quality of life. There are many kinds of benefits for people that have pets. Imagine a normal citizen, meaning someone healthy who needs some kind of therapy. The presence of a pet can lower his/her blood pressure, which is one of the reasons for a pet guardians better quality of life, one year after having a heart attack. Another explanation is obvious and applies to all guardians of dogs who wish to guard against heart disease: more daily exercise due to the necessary dog walking. Pet guardians generally have a lower level of cholesterol and are therefore less prone to heart attacks. A study published by the British Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine shows that pet guardians are less likely to be bothered by small health problems and enjoy a better quality of life than people who have no pets. Companionship animals are also of help to children, both at home and in school. They augment childrens self-esteem, improve their integration with other children and increase their performance in school.

77. Segundo o texto (linhas 1-18), o Dr. Turner exerce diversas atividades, EXCETO:

(A) Presidente da IAHAIO.

(B) Professor de veterinria .

(C) Professor na Universidade de Zurich.

(D) Lder de comunidades sul-africanas.

(E) Organizador de congressos.

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78. O Dr. Turner afirma que (linhas 8-12):

(A) A terapia com animais sempre substitui com sucesso os tratamentos

mdicos convencionais.

(B) A AAT muito mais econmica para o governo, porque dispensa o uso de

medicamentos.

(C) Firmas que trabalham com gatos e cachorros contribuem para a sade

dos empregados.

(D) As pessoas que tm animais em casa preocupam-se menos com seu nvel

de renda familiar.

(E) Os animais de estimao podem ajudar pessoas com doenas fsicas ou

mentais.

79. Na linha 9, a expresso ordinary human beings refere-se a pessoas:

(A) Comuns.

(B) Vulgares.

(C) Inferiores

(D) Medocres.

(E) De m ndole.

80. No texto, encontramos vrias palavras que tm significados opostos, por exemplo succeeds (linha 12) e failed (linha 12). Nos pares de palavras abaixo, assinale aquele que NO representa uma oposio.

(A) health (10) >< illness

(B) major (13) >< small

(C) lower ( 28 ) >< higher

(D) less ( 30 )>< more

(E) improve (33) >< increase (34)

81. Os congressos patrocinados pelo IAHAIO tm o objetivo de (linhas 13-16):

(A) Divulgar os resultados de pesquisas sobre a terapia realizada atravs da

companhia de animais.

(B) Encorajar os mdicos a estudarem as aes dos animais que participaram

de experimentos em laboratrio.

(C) Mostrar pesquisas sobre os animais em seu ambiente natural.

(D) Criticar experimentos sobre o comportamento dos animais.

(E) Falar sobre os animais que trabalham como atores.

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82. Nas linhas 15-18, o autor diz que vrios tipos de pessoas podem ser ajudados por animais de estimao. Das opes abaixo, o nico grupo NO mencionado no texto o dos(das):

(A) Idosos.

(B) Crianas.

(C) Criminosos.

(D) Deficientes mentais.

(E) Jovens delinqentes.

83. A respeito das necessidades dos animais, o texto diz que Knowing the physical

and psychological needs of cats and dogs helps us to treat them better (linhas 19-20). Assinale a alternativa que pode substituir, no mesmo contexto, a frase sublinhada.

(A) We know what cats and dogs need but we dont treat them better.

(B) If we know the physical and psychological needs of cats and dogs, we will

treat them better .

(C) If cats and dogs know their physical and psychological needs, we will be

able to treat them better.

(D) Everyone knows the needs of cats and dogs because we treat them well.

(E) We need to treat cats and dogs better so we can know their needs.

84. Indique a opo que expressa a idia principal do quinto pargrafo do texto.

(A) A AAT ajuda aqueles que tiveram um ataque cardaco.

(B) Os animais trazem vrios benefcios para as pessoas.

(C) Os animais so, em geral, mais saudveis do que os seres humanos.

(D) O maior benefcio de se ter um animal o aumento do exerccio fsico.

(E) No se sabe exatamente como os animais ajudam as pessoas com a

terapia.

85. A respeito da relao entre os animais e as crianas, o texto (linhas 32-34) diz que:

(A) A companhia dos animais ajuda as crianas tanto na escola como em

casa.

(B) Os animais irritam as crianas, que perdem a auto-estima.

(C) Os animais acompanham as crianas na escola e em casa.

(D) Os animais se integram melhor com as crianas na escola.

(E) As crianas nunca observam os hbitos dos animais.

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86. Na linha 33, a palavra They se refere a:

(A) Children.

(B) Both at home and in school.

(C) Companionship animals.

(D) Childrens self-esteem.

(E) Other children.

Gabarito 77 D 78 E 79 A 80 E 81 A 82 C 83 B 84 B 85 A 86 C

Gabarito

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

A X X X

B X X X

C X X X X

D X X X X X

E X X X

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

A X X X

B X X X X

C X X X X

D X X X

E X X X X

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

A X

B X X X X

C X X X X X X

D X X

E X X X X X

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55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72

A X X X

B X X X

C X X X X

D X X X X X X

E X X

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

A X X X X

B X X X

C X X X

D X

E X X X

PARTE II

Gramtica

Unidade 1

Pronomes Pronomes Pessoais (I, me; she, her,) Em ingls, os pronomes pessoais dividem-se em subject e object pronouns. Observe no quadro abaixo as diferentes formas dos pronomes pessoais em ingls.

SUBJECT OBJECT

Singular

1st person I Me

2nd person You You

3rd person He She It

Him Her It

Plural

1st person We Us

2nd person You You

3rd person They Them

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Estes pronomes so usados quando nos referimos a pessoas e coisas. Eles so utilizados quando no necessrio repetir um substantivo ou noun phrase. Peter has broken his leg. He will be in hospital for 3 days. Tell Priscilla that I miss her. I dont want this dirty money. You can have it. I never go to parties. I dont like them. Os subject pronouns so usados na frase como sujeito e aparecem antes do verbo. I know Suzy. They really want to watch that movie. He wants the key. Os object pronouns funcionam como objeto nas oraes e aparecem depois do verbo e/ou aps preposies. Suzy knows me. Linda never drinks milk. She doesnt like it. I dont like dogs. Im afraid of them. Who is that lady? Why are you looking at her. Compare o uso dos pronomes nos exemplos abaixo. I like dogs.

Dogs dont like me. They sent her some flowers. She sent them some flowers.

We often see him on the bus. He often sees us on the bus. O Pronome It 1a. it referindo-se a nothing, everything, all Alm de referir-se a nomes de coisas, o pronome it pode ser usado para no repetirmos as palavras nothing, everything e all. I did all I could, but it wasnt enough. Everything is all right, isnt it?

Nothing happened, did it?

1b. it como sujeito vazio O pronome it usado como sujeito nas expresses de tempo, temperatura ou distncia. Its nine oclock. Its Friday again. It rained for five days.

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Its twenty degrees. O Pronome One 1c. One One pode ser usado para falar de pessoas em geral. One always thinks other peoples lives are more interesting. One cant learn a language in three months. One can usually find people who speak English in Brazil. Pronomes Possessivos (my, mine; her, hers; his, his) Os pronomes possessivos dividem-se em possessive adjectives e possessive pronouns. Observe no quadro abaixo as diferentes formas dos pronomes possessivos em ingls.

ADJECTIVES

POSSESSIVES

Singular

1st person My Mine

2nd person Your Yours

3rd person His Her Its

His Hers Its

Plural

1st person Our Ours

2nd person Your Yours

3rd person Their Theirs

Os possessive adjectives aparecem antes de substantivos e noun phrases. They have lost their keys. Sarah and her husband live in Kew York. Have you seen my new coat? Can you lend me your car?

Os possessive pronouns so usados para no repetirmos estruturas como my car, your keys, their books. My flat is close to downtown. Wheres yours? (yours = your flat) Our dog is smaller than theirs. (theirs = their dog) Your house is older than mine. (mine = my house) My car is faster than yours. (yours = your car)

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Compare o uso dos diferentes pronomes possessivos nas frases abaixo. My book is on her table. Hers is on mine. Take a look at our car. Its much nicer than yours. The dog wags its tail when it sees its master. Pronomes Reflexivos (myself, herself, himself)

Na lngua inglesa, os pronomes reflexivos so: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. O uso mais comum destes pronomes para falar de aes onde o sujeito e o objeto so a mesma pessoa. She cut herself last weekend. Im going to the mall to get myself some new clothes. Pronomes reflexivos podem se referir a outras coisas alm do sujeito: His letters are all about himself. Ill tell her a few things about herself. She loves him for himself, not for his money. Uso enftico Podemos usar pronomes reflexivos para enfatizar sujeitos ou objetos. The manager spoke to me himself. Its quicker if you do it yourself. The house itself is big, but the backyards very small. Ill go and see the Minister himself if I have to. Expresso by oneself By myself/yourself etc. pode ter dois sentidos: alone, without company ou without help. They often like to spend time by themselves. Do you need any help? No, thanks. I can do it by myself.

ATIVIDADES DE AULA

1. Substitua as palavras entre parntesis por possessive pronouns. a) Her house is bigger than (her house). ________________________________ b) Your watch is more expensive than (my watch). ________________________________________ c) Our exams are more difficult than (their exams). ________________________________________

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d) Her job is harder than (his job). ___________________________ e) My father is stronger than (your father). __________________________________ 2. Reescreva as frases abaixo substutuindo as palavras sublinhadas por pronomes. a) Paul and I saw Peter yesterday. He bought Paul and me a cup of coffee. __________________________________________________________________________ b) Im looking for Sally. Have you seen Sally. Sally isnt at home. __________________________________________________________________________ c) Sally and Ie saw a film called The Hedgehog yesterday. Have you seen this film? __________________________________________________________________________ d) Paul and Ringo are meeting George today. George is having dinner with Paul and Ringo. __________________________________________________________________________ e) Come to the garden with Susan and me. Susan and I are having fun here. __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Assinale as frases onde as estruturas sublinhadas contenham erro e corrija. a) Look at the sky. Its going to rain. __________________________________________________________________________ b) Those tickets for the cinema are hers. __________________________________________________________________________ c) Shall we give the cat its food. __________________________________________________________________________ d) I cant do this exercise. Its very difficult. __________________________________________________________________________ f) Ive just found this wallet. Is it yours? __________________________________________________________________________

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TESTES 1. Susan knows lesson well. (A) hers (B) its (C) her (D) mine (E) she

2. I drove all the way to Chicago by . (A) yourself (B) me (C) hers (D) myself (E) mine

3. Each dog has . own dish for food and water. (A) its (B) theirs (C) his (D) hers (E) it

4. I miss Mary. I used to see ....... everyday at school. (A) hers (B) her (C) me (D) it (E) him

5. Paul knows both of . very well. (A) we (B) us (C) he (D) they (E) their

6. He wants to talk with (A) we. (B) I. (C) me. (D) yours. (E) his.

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7. Na frase A scorpion comes along and asks the toad to take him to the other side of the pond, a palavra sublinhada se refere a (A) scorpion (B) pond (C) toad (D) along (E) asks

8. Technology for young people today is new, . is exciting, and is the difference between and he older generation. (A) he he their (B) it it they (C) its its them (D) she she they (E) it it them

9. With Tel-net services a user could connect to another computer anywhere in the world and use . as if were sitting on .. own desktop. (A) he its (B) it him (C) he its (D) it his (E) him it

10. Doris hurt . on a piece of glass. (A) herself (B) itself (C) sheself (D) oneself (E) herselfs

11. Every student should keep dictionary nearby for reference.

(A) it (B) their (C) his (D) hers (E) its

12. Is this Johns room? Yes, it is .. (A) my. (B) hers. (C) they. (D) him. (E) his.

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13. Tel .............. ................... gifts are on those shelves. (A) her her (B) he him (C) me mine (D) her hers (E) them them

14. These CDs arent . They are . (A) their ours (B) them us (C) his her (D) hers mine (E) ours them

GABARITO UNIDADE 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

A X X X X

B X X

C X X X

D X X X

E X X

Unidade 2

VERBOS

Presente Simples (I go, I dont go)

O presente simples formado pela forma infinitiva dos verbos menos a partcula to. Na terceira pessoa do singular acrescentamos o -s nos verbos. Observe no quadro abaixo a sua conjugao na forma afirmativa. I DRIVE

YOU DRIVE HE/SHE/IT DRIVES WE DRIVE YOU DRIVE THEY DRIVE

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Nas formas negativas e interrogativas, usamos o verbo auxiliar do/does + verbo. Note que o verbo principal permanece sempre no infinitivo.

I/WE/YOU/THEY

DONT

WORK DO DRIVE

HE/SHE/IT

DOESNT

WORK DO DRIVE

DO

I/WE/YOU/THEY

WORK? DO? DRIVE?

DOES

HE/SHE/IT

WORK? DO? DRIVE?

Os usos mais comuns do presente simples so os seguintes:

Falar de aes habituais que acontecem o tempo todo ou repetidamente. Nestes casos, comum o uso de advrbios de freqncia ou locues adverbiais de freqncia como :always; often;, usually; sometimes; seldom, never; every day; on Sundays; once a week; twice a week; three times a week; etc. I usually go to the beach on weekends. Sheila plays tennis twice a week. They never drink coffee. I always take a bus to come to school The new treatment for influenza doesnt appear to work. The new science museum currently attracts 10,000 visitors a month. Their school uniform consists of black trousers and a dark green jumper.

Verdades universais. The sun sets in the west. Water boils at 100 C.

Instrues. A: How do I get to the nearest bus stop? B: You go straight on to the traffic lights, then you turn right

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ATIVIDADES DE AULA 1. Coloque os verbos entre parnteses na sua forma correta. a) Jane ______________ tea very often. (drink) b) The sun ______________ in the east. (rise) c) Peter _____________________ French. (not/speak) d) They ________________ in Ireland. (live) e) Paul and George _________________ their homes at 7 a.m. every morning. (leave) f) She ____________ to Sydney once a month. (fly) 2. Escreva perguntas no simple present com as palavras entre parnteses. a) (They/listen/to the radio) _________________________________________________________________________ b) (He/drink/tea) _________________________________________________________________________ TESTES

1. Chose the best alternative to complete the sentences below. Bad driving . many accidents. Vegetarians eat meat. Peter never .... beer. The world cup ... every four years. (A) cause doesnt drink take place (B) causes dont doesnt drink takes place (C) causes dont drinks takes place (D) causes doesnt drinks take place. (E) caused doesnt drinks taken place

2. Chose the best alternative to complete the sentences below. That restaurant is very good. I it. My parents .. in a huge apartment. A catholic . in God. (A) suggest lives believes (B) recommend lives believe (C) suggest live believe. (D) recommend live believes (E) recommend lives believes

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3. Once a week, from eight till nine oclock or later, Paul goes to Victors to watch television. A ao descrita, (A) acaba de acontecer. (B) acontece regularmente. (C) vinha acontecendo. (D) aconteceu uma vez. (E) aconteceu no passado.

4. She ________________ movies. She ______________ to the cinema five times a week. (A) love - go (B) hates - gos (C) loves - goes (D) loves - going (E) hated go

5. A: Where _________ you ________________? B: I ________________ at Royal school. (A) do study study (B) does study studies (C) do studies study (D) do study studys (E) does studies study

6. __________ he _____________ to drink beer? (A) Does likes (B) Do likes (C) Does like (D) Do like (E) Do liking

7. I _____________ to go to the cinema but my father ______________ to go. (A) want don't want (B) wants doesn't want (C) want don't wants (D) want doesn't want (E) wants don't want

8. Mary ___________ a big house but she ____________ a car. (A) have doesn't have (B) have doesn't has (C) has doesn't have (D) have doesn't have (E) has doesn't has

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Prof. Rafael

rafael dupont apostila bndes ingles

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