literatura norte-americana 01 e 02.pdf

UNISEBCentro Universitário

Literatura Norte-Americana

7/2/2012

Profa. Ms. Anna Patrícia China

Módulo

UNISEBCentro Universitário

Unidades 1 e 2

5.1

Let´s talk about...North American Literature

Why should you study North American Literature?

Obter uma visão global da literatura norte americana produzida desde as origens até a atualidade.Desenvolver uma perspectiva crítica e distanciada das obras produzidas nos Estados Unidos.

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How do we study North American Literature?

Estudo das características da produção literária norte americana e, além disso, analise das obras e suas vastas e complexas implicações políticas, sociais e culturais.

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How can I teach North American Literature in EFL?

Vamos discutir sobre o uso e inserção da Literatura norte americana nas aulas de inglês como língua estrangeira, tanto na escola regular como em escolas de idiomas.

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The book is in English. Therefore, you´ll be able to practice and enhance your English. I´m sure you´ll be truly amazed and fascinated as we walk through American Literature. Check out the timeline that I made for you.

Last but notleast!

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American Literature Timeline

The FirstAmerican Literature:

Native Americans

Enlightenment (1607-1800)

The Age of Faith (1607-1750)

The Age of Reason (1750-1800)

Romanticism (1800-1855)

The Transcendentalists

(1840-1855)

Realism(1865-1915)

Modernism (1915-1945)

Contemporary (1945-present)

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Today

The First American LiteratureNative Americans

Enlightenment (1607-1800)The Age of Faith (1607-1750)


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The beginning...

A história da literatura norte-americana ocorreu em paralelo com a criação e formação de uma nova Nação. Os colonizadores ingleses saíram Inglaterra, que não atendia mais as suas expectativas, trouxeram na bagagem expectativas e anseios e esperançosos com a nova terra.

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Indian Literature

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Indian Literature

literature is communicated orallystories are about myths, legends and tales

of Indian culturesmain characters - animals or plants

(enhanced with spiritual forces)hundreds of Indian words in everyday

American English: "canoe," "tobacco," "potato," "moccasin," "raccoon," "tomahawk," and "totem."

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Tomahawk

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Creation Storiesvery popularvary among the tribesAmerica means

"Turtle Island" in Indian

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American Indian poetry

Poem-songs are generally short and repetitive involving themes that are relevant and often personal, such as, healing, hunting, or even love songs;Lullabies, war chants,

love songs, and special songs for children's games, various chores, magic, or dance ceremonials - chanted

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Cherokee morning

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First “American” Writers

Historians and litterateurs agree that American Literature begins in the early 1600´s.

The first “American” writers were not American, they were Englishmen.

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Início da “verdadeira” literatura americana

Declaração de Independência,1776, foi um marco fundamental para criar a “verdadeira” literatura americana;A partir deste momento é criado a

“identidade nacional”A literatura autêntica de uma nação começa

sempre com a idéia de independência e os sentimentos de igualdade, liberdade e fraternidade (BOSI, 2004).

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Thomas Jefferson redigiu a Declaração de Independência dos Estados Unidos, a Inglaterra recusou-se a aceitar a independência e declarou guerra contra as colônias.

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É essencial compreender que depois da Declaração de Independência a sociedade também passou pelo processo de formação de uma “nova nação”.

Resumindo: a sociedade assim como a literatura passaram por um processo de formação.

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Thomas Hariot (1560-1621)

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Mathematician and astronomer, expedition to Virginian to survey and map the country;return to England in 1588 he published his

Report of the New found land of Virginia.

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Captain John Smith (1580-1631)

member of the expedition that founded the second colony in the New World(1607)

member of the expedition that founded the second colony in the New World(1607) D

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Captain John Smith

an incurable romantichis works are not always accurate

Writings or Advertisements?

• True Relation of Virginia (1608)

• Descriptions of New England (1616) (to persuade the reader to settle in the New World)

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Portrait of Pocahontas

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Captain John Smith boastfully describes his rescue by Pocahontas, a beautiful maiden Indian princess.

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Did Pocahontas actually save Captain John Smith, or did Smith make up the story in order to gain popularity?

The story is probably untrue, but it is the first famous tale from American literature.

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Enlightenment (1607-1800)

The Age of Faith (1607-1750)The Age of Reason (1750-1800)

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O Puritanismo, movimento que defendia a reforma completa da Igreja da Inglaterra -início reinado de Elizabete I (1558) e continuou por mais de um século como uma grande força religiosa na Inglaterra e também nos Estados Unidos. O puritanismo americano foi muito dinâmico e influente, desde os primórdios na Nova Inglaterra (1620) até aproximadamente 1740.

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The Age of Faith (1607-1750)

The puritans decided to leave England and migrate to New England hoping for freedom to practice their Puritan religion (Great Migration -1620 to 1640).

Puritans and Pilgrims separated from the Anglican church of England; religion dominated their lives and writings.

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Puritan Writers

constant reference to the Bible;New England - “Promised Land”;the purpose of literature is to edify.

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How does Puritanism relate to literature?There are debates about the Puritan´s writing, such as: should Puritan Writing be seen as historic documentation, or as literature?

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Pensamento Puritano

A forma de pensar dos puritanos era “guiada pela religião”. Isto explica as características e produções: sermões, poesias religiosa e documentos de colonização guiados por fatos religiosos.

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William Bradford (1590-1657)

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William Bradford (1590-1657)

one of the authors of The Mayflower Compact, due to his responsibilities during the journey to the New World (25 million descendants)elected Governor upon the death of John

Carver in April 1621

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History of Plymouth Plantation 1620-1647

Written over a period of years;the history the "Pilgrims'" religious and civil

settlement in the New World;describes The First Thanksgiving at

Plymouth;historical accuracy;omits rancorous differences between

leaders.

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The Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, in September 1620 and landed at the place that nowadays is Plymouth, Massachusetts , in December 1620.

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John Winthrop (1588-1649)

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John Winthrop (1588-1649)

firm and dedicated Puritan - all events and happenings should be seen and interpreted as a sign from Godduring his journey on board the Arbella,

he prepared his famous sermon A Model of Christian Charity.

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From Past to Present

John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan choose to invoke the Puritan John Winthrop's 1630 sermon "A Model of Christian Charity“ in their speeches.

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Anne Bradstreet (1612?-1672)

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Focuses on domestic and religious themes;is passionate and writes with

simplicity and charm;she opens her heart and in her

writings; reader can see the feelings in the

heart of an American woman in seventeenth-century.

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New World - sickness, lack of food, and primitive living conditions;she refused to give in and return to

England and instead made the best of her new life;she struggled to raise eight children, take

care of her home, and she still found time to write; hard life, but she proved to be a strong

women and this internal resolve is reflected in her writings.

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When Anne Bradstreet´s first publication of The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America was released, the idea that she was a virtuous woman had to be stressed. John Woodbridge, her brother-in-law, had to write: "By a Gentle Women in Those Parts" on the title page to assure readers that Bradstreet did not neglect her duties as a Puritan woman in order to write, by making it clear that she found time for her poetry by giving up sleep and using what little leisure time she had.

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Activity

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Cely Maria Vilhena de Moura Falabella afirma:

“As mulheres apresentam determinados enfoques, um jeito diferente de estudar os fatos, um modo próprio de expressar os sentimentos e aclarar o seu pensamento sobre o mundo, o amor, a paixão, a raiva, o ódio, o bem querer...”

Você concorda? Por que?

The Age of Reason (1750-1800)O contexto político da America do Norte era inquietante e iniciavam as primeiras conversas sobre a independência dos estados da America do Norte.

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No dia 7 de junho de 1776, Ricardo Henrique Lee, da Virgínia, levantou-se no Congresso e solenemente declarou que as colônias americanas "deveriam ser livres e independentes".

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Comissão escolhida para redigir um documento com essa resolução em termos simples e concisos. Compôs-se essa comissão de Benjamin Franklin, John Adams e Thomas Jefferson (redator) entre outros.

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significant in America concerning political eventsreflects in society and literature The Declaration of Independence - 1776The Constitution – 1789writers are not fiction writers

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contrary to Puritan conceptswriters were certain that man could be

better and improve (The puritans - man is a sinful failure)basic concepts - to develop a happy

society based on justice and freedom

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Thomas Paine (1737-1809)

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Active in local affairs in England;radical propagandist and voice of the

common man;criticized monarchical government and the

alleged virtues of the British constitution;in London he met Benjamin Franklin who

helped him to emigrate to America.

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Common Sense (1776)

Established his reputation as a revolutionary propagandist;sold 500.000 copies;states that all the arguments for

separation of England are based on simple facts, plain arguments and common sense.

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Many Americans saw and interpreted him as an attack on Christianity and an assertion of atheism;in America and in England, Thomas Paine

was ridiculed and depicted as a threat to Christianity and to democracy.

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Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

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Boston, MassachusettsJames's Courant (newpaper owned by

Benjamin´s brother James)- was an apprenticebegan writing letters at night and signing

them with the name of a fictional widow, Silence Dogood

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letters were very critical and full of advice particularly interested on the issue of how women were treatedletters were published and were a great

success and everyone wanted to know who was the real Silence Dogood.

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Almanacs, The Bible and newspapers were the literature present in American Colonial households;Almanacs were very important because

they were useful information for farmers and sailors;Poor Richard Almanac is one of his works

that clearly portray Benjamin’s writing style

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Activity

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My Dear Husband and I lived happily together in the Heighth of conjugal Love and mutual Endearments, for near Seven Years, in which Time we added Two likely Girls and a Boy to the Family of the Dogoods: But alas! When my Sun was in its meridian Altitude, inexorable unrelenting Death, as if he had envy'd my Happiness and Tranquility, and resolv'd to make me entirely miserable by the Loss of so good an Husband, hastened his Flight to the Heavenly World, by a sudden unexpected Departure from this.

The publication appeared continuously from 1732 to 1758. It was a best seller for a pamphlet published in the American colonies; print runs reached 10,000 per year.

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Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

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chief author of the Declaration of Independence (1776);third President of the United States

(1801-1809);representative of democracy and the

rights of man in America.

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Declaration of Independence was written during a very hard and violent moment in American history;there are no emotional appeals; document states clearly and logically why

America wanted and demanded independence;Jefferson contributes with his beautiful

writing which makes it a true masterpiece.

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Summary

The First American Literature -Native AmericansEnlightenment (1607-1800)• The Age of Faith (1607-1750);• The Puritan's - William Bradford - John Winthrop• Anne Bradstreet;• The Age of Reason (1750-1800);• Thomas Paine - Benjamin Franklin - Thomas

Jefferson;• Declaration of Independence – 1776.

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Integrar literatura nas aula de Língua Inglesa é possível.Let´s see...

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Aula 1 - 07/12/2012Aula 2 – 28/02/2012 Lab Class Aula 3 – 06/03/2012Aula 4 – 13/03/2012 Lab Class Aula 5 – 27/03/2012Aula 6 – 03/04/2012 Lab Class

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Next Class

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Review your lesson and do your activities

Enjoy yor studies Profa. Anna Patricia

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Referências

ALEM, Neif A., Outline of American Literature, S/e 1950.BOSI, Alfredo. História concisa da Literatura Brasileira. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2004.Burgess, Anthony. English Literature. London, Longman, 1974.HIGH B. Peter. An outline of American literature. Longman, 1984Thomas Jefferson http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Thomas_Jefferson

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