inf2706 – introdução a ihcinf2706/2013-1/depot/inf2706-05a.pdf · slides atualizados de...

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INF2706 INF2706 –– IntroduIntroduçção a IHCão a IHC©© Profa. Clarisse S. de SouzaProfa. Clarisse S. de Souza

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INF2706 – Introdução a IHC

Engenharia SemiEngenharia Semióóticatica

Profa. Clarisse Sieckenius de SouzaSemiotic Engineering Research Group

www.serg.inf.puc-rio.br

25/04/2013

SlidesSlidesatualizadosatualizados

dede20102010--20132013

serg semiotic engineering research group InformáticaPUC-Rio

Colorado U Boulder - 2010 2

HCI design and development as a HCI design and development as a form of social participationform of social participation

Clarisse Sieckenius de SouzaClarisse Sieckenius de Souza

SERG SERG -- Semiotic Engineering Research GroupSemiotic Engineering Research GroupDepartamento de InformDepartamento de Informáática, PUCtica, PUC--RioRio

http://www.inf.puchttp://www.inf.puc--rio.br/~clarisserio.br/~clarisse

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Colorado U Boulder - 2010

Semiotic EngineeringSemiotic Engineering

– Semiotics is the study of signs.• How signs come into existence• How they are used, for what purposes• What types of signs there are, how they are structured• What kinds of signs are produced and used by different species• How signs evolve• Etc.

– Semiotic Engineering is the study of how signs are used to communicate meanings in interaction with computer artifacts.(de Souza, 19931993; de Souza, 20052005; de Souza and Leitão, 20092009)

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Semiotic Engineering Semiotic Engineering vs. vs. UserUser--Centered Design (1/2)Centered Design (1/2)

The Traditional UCD Approach

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Semiotic Engineering Semiotic Engineering vs. vs. UserUser--Centered Design (2/2)Centered Design (2/2)

Semiotic Engineering:Semiotic Engineering:

Systems designers play a roleSystems designers play a role at interaction timeat interaction time..They communicate how and why users can communicate with the systThey communicate how and why users can communicate with the system em

theythey’’ve built.ve built.

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Semiotic Engineering: Semiotic Engineering: WHATWHAT designers are sayingdesigners are saying

“This is my interpretation of who youare, what I’ve learned you want or need to do, in which preferred ways and why.

This is the system that I have therefore designed for you, and this is the way you can or should use it in order to achieve various kinds of goals and effects that fall within the range of this vision.”

METACOMMUNICATION:METACOMMUNICATION:

COMMUNICATION ABOUT HOW AND WHY COMMUNICATION ABOUT HOW AND WHY TO COMMUNICATE with computer artifacts.TO COMMUNICATE with computer artifacts.

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Matters of Ontology and the Power of TheoriesMatters of Ontology and the Power of Theories

• Ontology is an interpretive tool.

• Interpretive tools, in science, must be used systematically:– “to the same kinds of objects”– “in the same way”– “for the same purposes”– “under the same conditions and with the same constraints”– etc.

April/2013Updated Slide for INF2706

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•• Communication:Communication:–– Applies to System, User, DesignerApplies to System, User, Designer–– System, User, Designers are System, User, Designers are interlocutorsinterlocutors in same communicationin same communication


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•• Signs:Signs:–– Produced (naturally) by User, DesignerProduced (naturally) by User, Designer–– Processed (automatically) by SystemProcessed (automatically) by System


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•• Signification Systems:Signification Systems:–– User, Designer: Natural verbal/nonUser, Designer: Natural verbal/non--verbal verbal ‘‘languageslanguages’’ + + engineeredengineered codescodes–– System: System: engineeredengineered codes (corresponding to content and intent that can be codes (corresponding to content and intent that can be

encoded in natural verbal/nonencoded in natural verbal/non--verbal verbal ‘‘languageslanguages’’) )


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Matters of Ontology and the Power of TheoriesMatters of Ontology and the Power of TheoriesThe same ontology can be used to account for a broad spectrum ofThe same ontology can be used to account for a broad spectrum of objects objects

and phenomena of interest in HCI.and phenomena of interest in HCI.Communication & Signification; Language & Symbolic Processing; ICommunication & Signification; Language & Symbolic Processing; Interlocutors & nterlocutors &

Messages; Abductive Reasoning & Semantic Interpretation; ExpressMessages; Abductive Reasoning & Semantic Interpretation; Expression & Encoding.ion & Encoding.


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Semiotic Engineering: Semiotic Engineering: HOWHOW designers are saying itdesigners are saying it1. With INTERFACE SIGNS

–– StaticStatic signssignsFully expressed in single screen shots

–– Dynamic signsDynamic signsTheir full expression spans over time (many

screen shots)

–– Metalinguistic signsMetalinguistic signsStatic or dynamic signs that REFER TO

(explain, illustrate, inform) other static or dynamic signs

2. By combining those signs into COMMUNICATIVE STRUCTURES COMMUNICATIVE STRUCTURES and and STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Watch it!Watch it!

1. InteractionScenario1.avi2. DesignersMsg1. avi

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What does Semiotic Engineering bring in to HCI?What does Semiotic Engineering bring in to HCI?

1.1. A semiotic perspective on meaning.A semiotic perspective on meaning.– Meaning is an ongoing and unlimited process of interpretation,

halted and resumed for contingent reasons (e.g. lack of resources, lack of interest, etc.). Charles S. Peirce

Both the users’ and the designers’ meanings (interpretations) change over time.

Computer signs express the designers’ (momentary) interpretation of the users’ (momentary) interpretation of the world around them and how they can act and evolve in it.

Design for change

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2.2. A computerA computer--mediated communication perspective on HCImediated communication perspective on HCI– Human-Computer Interaction is Human Interaction through Computers.

M. Nadin; J. Kammersgaard; P.B. Andersen– Use of signification systems in communication processes

• Signs produced in communication DO NOT NECESSARILY BELONG to anyexisting signification system, and if the do they MAY NOT FOLLOW THE SYSTEM RULES (e.g. jokes, irony, poetry, etc.). Umberto Eco

In HCI, users are negotiating meanings with the system. The system’s meanings are there by design. Systems represent designers at interaction time.

Systems are the

designers’deputies.

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3.3. A reflective and reflexive perspectiveA reflective and reflexive perspective Designers and users are both engaged in the same process of engaged in the same process of

(meta)communication(meta)communication.• Designers and users share the same ‘problems and goals’ in that

respect. The system speaks for the designers at interaction time:

a)a) USERS and SYSTEM must continually negotiate meaningsUSERS and SYSTEM must continually negotiate meanings in order to achieve productive communication.

b) The System's ability to negotiate meaning is determined at at DESIGN TIMEDESIGN TIME. Watch it!Watch it!

1. discover-palette.avi2. discover-copying. avi

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Semiotic Engineering Conceptual ToolsSemiotic Engineering Conceptual Tools

1. The metacommunication template

“This is my interpretation of who youare, what I’ve learned you want or need to do, in which preferred ways and why.

This is the system that I have therefore designed for you, and this is the way you can or should use it in order to achieve various kinds of goals and effects that fall within the range of this vision.”

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2. A classification of metacommunication signs

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3. Semiotic Engineering methods – Semiotic Inspection

How isMetacommunication

delivered?

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3. Semiotic Engineering methods – Communicability Evaluation

How isMetacommunication

received?

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What can we do with this?What can we do with this?

• A case study with Audacity ©

– Semiotic Inspection of metacommunication (delivery)– Communicability Evaluation of Metacommunication (reception)– Triangulation of results with members of the Audacity

Development Team• Filled out part of the METACOMMUNICATION TEMPLATE• Interviews

C.S. de Souza and C.F. Leitão (2009)Semiotic engineering methods for

scientific research in HCI. Morgan and Claypool.

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Suggested ReadingsSuggested Readings

Selected Chapters of Semiotic Engineering BooksSelected Chapters of Semiotic Engineering Books

de Souza, C.S. (2005) The Semiotic Engineering of Human-Computer Interaction (MIT Press): Chapter 1

de Souza, C.S. and Leitão, C.F. (2009) Semiotic Engineering Methods for Scientific Research in HCI (Morgan & Claypool): Chapters 1 and 2

Salgado, L.C.C., Leitão, C.F. and de Souza, C.S. (2012) A Journey through Cultures (Springer): Chapter 1


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