exploração de recurso ambiental: viabilidade do turismo sustentável no recife de corais de porto...

8/7/2019 Explorao de Recurso Ambiental: Viabilidade do turismo sustentvel no recife de corais de Porto de Galinhas/PE

1/19

XEP OMLG[C__M AN _MKC[

+Omlhcobfclqms zn{n Ng{boeq{n am @q{m+

Emla{bln% ;; n ;3 ac iehm ac ;::7%_mobcanac K{nsbecb{n ac Comlmfbn% Nafblbsq{nm c _mobmemgbn [{ne

>

CXZEM[NM AC [COS[_M NFKBCLQNE9 PBNKBEBANAC AM QS[B_FM_S_QCLQPCE LM [COB@C AC OM[NB_ AC ZM[QM AC GNEBLHN_-ZC

ESBYN FMLQMRN [NLBC[M4 ZNSEN KC[LN_OMLB4 ISEBNLN NFM[BF ANOM_QN4 FN[OBN AC _MSYN DNGMHN[N4 [BON[AM _HB[MQN,

S_Z-C_NE^% ZB[NOBONKN% _Z% K[N_BE,

{shb{mqnJcsne~,sz,k{

NZ[C_CLQNM M[NE

NG[BOSEQS[N% FCBM NFKBCLQC C AC_CLPMEPBFCLQM _S_QCLQPCE

Cxzem{nm ac {co{sm nfkbclqne9 pbnkbebanac am q{bsfm ssqclqpce lm{cob`c ac om{nbs ac Zm{qm ac Gneblhns-ZC

G{zm ac Zcs~bsn9

0 & Ng{boeq{n% Fcbm Nfkbclqc c Acsclpmepbfclqm _sqclqpce

[csfm

M q{bsfm fn ans nqbpbanacs ~c fnbs o{csoc nqnefclqc lm Flam, Lm K{nsbe% nfmanebanac ac q{bsfm nssmobnam omf kcecyns lnq{nbs acsclpmepcsc {nzbanfclqc cf

abpc{sns {cgbcs, Zm{ f enam% cec nqclac n lcocssbanac ac fn sbglb`bonqbpn ~nlqbanac aczcssmns ~c kson enyc{ cf omlqnqm omf ns fnbs abpc{sns `m{fns ac {co{sms nfkbclqnbs,Zn{n ns zcssmns clpmepbans omf n nqbpbanac% m q{bsfm zmac sc qm{ln{ f bfzm{qnlqcfconlbsfm ac acsclpmepbfclqm {cgbmlne% gc{nlam {clan c cfz{cgm zn{n f g{nlaclfc{m ac zcssmns, Clq{cqnlqm% ~nlam `cbqm ac fnlcb{n blnac~nan% m q{bsfm zmacz{mpmon{ abpc{sms bfznoqms lcgnqbpms% zmaclam omemon{ cf {bsom n smk{cpbplobn anz{z{bn nqbpbanac, Ln {cgbm ac Zm{qm ac Gneblhns-ZC% n pbsbqnm ams q{bsqns nms om{nbs lnm{en fn{qbfn% qcf z{mpmonam sn acg{nanm% omemonlam cf {bsom n nqbpbanac lm `q{m, Mz{csclqc csqam nzebom m fqmam ac nlebsc kclc`obmosqm zn{n fn neqc{lnqbpn acpbsbqnm ssqclqpce ams om{nbs, Ms {cseqnams blabonf ~c n mzm omlsbac{nan neqnfclqc pbpce c acscipce% qnlqm am zmlqm ac pbsqn comlfbom ~nlqm nfkbclqne,


2/19




;

Znenp{nsohnpcs9 kclc`obmosqm% nlebsc ac blpcsqbfclqm% ssqclqnkbebanac%acsclpmepbfclqm {cgbmlne

Nksq{noq

Wm{eawbac% qm{bsf bs mlc m` qhc `nsqcsq g{mwblg comlmfbo noqbpbqbcs, Bl K{nybe% qhcqm{bsf nssmobnqca wbqh lnq{ne kcnqbcs bs acpcemzblg {nzbaer bl scpc{ne {cgbmls, Bq `e`beesqhc lcca m` qhmsc emmdblg `m{ scpc{ne `m{fs m` omlqnoqs wbqh lnq{c, Qm qhmsc blpmepca wbqhqhc noqbpbqr% qm{bsf fnr kcomfc nl bfzm{qnlq fcohnlbsf `m{ {cgbmlne acpcemzfclq%gclc{nqblg blomfc nla cfzemrfclq `m{ n en{gc lfkc{ m` zcmzec, Hmwcpc{% b` lmqz{mzc{er omlaoqca% qm{bsf fnr onsc scpc{ne lcgnqbpc bfznoqs nla icmzn{abyc bqs mwls{pbpne bl qhc `q{c, Bl Zm{qm ac Gneblhns-ZC {cgbml% qm{bsf ml Om{ne [cc`s hns onscasc{bms anfngcs% qh{cnqclblg bqs acpcemzfclq, Qhbs sqar sca omsqkclc`bq nlnersbs qm

csqbfnqc whcqhc{ nl neqc{lnqbpc Om{ne [cc` pbsbqnqbml sohcfc bs pbnkec, Qhc {cseqs blabonqcqhnq qhc mzqbml omlsbac{ca bs hbgher z{m`bqnkec nla clpb{mlfclqneer acsb{nkec,

Dcr Wm{as9 kclc`bqomsq% blpcsqfclq nlnersbs% ssqnblnkbebqr% {cgbmlne acpcemzfclq

>, Blq{mam

[cob`cs ac om{nbs sm qbzms cszcobnbs ac comssbsqcfns fn{blhms% {boms cfkbmabpc{sbanac, Cecs `m{lcocf fn pn{bcanac ac kcls c sc{pbms omfm z{mqcm am ebqm{neomlq{n n nm ans mlans% kc{{bm zn{n cszobcs fn{blhns% sm {co{cnqbpm c q{sqbom c%zmqclobnefclqc% `mlqc ac omfzmsqms fcaboblnbs (FMKC[G & @MEDC% >222", Csqbfnsc~c n smfn ams kcls c sc{pbms comegboms z{mpbams zcems nfkbclqcs {cob`nbs nm hmfcfcsqcinf ln m{acf ac S! ?73 kbehcs, (EBFN cq ne,% ;::0"

Zn{qboen{fclqc% ms om{nbs sm bfzm{qnlqcs nq{nqbpms q{sqboms, Cf fbqnsemonebanacs% n nqbpbanac q{sqbon qcf nz{csclqnam sbglb`bonqbpm o{csobfclqm% gc{nlam {clanc cfz{cgm c csqm sc qm{lnlam n z{blobzne nqbpbanac comlfbon (Z[NAM cq ne,% ;::?",

Csqc m onsm an {cgbm ac Zm{qm ac Gneblhns% ln obanac ac Bzmion% csqnam ac

Zc{lnfkom, Lcssn emonebanac% ms {cob`cs ac om{nbs csqm csznehnams zm{ oc{on ac 1~befcq{ms, Ns {cns ac pbsbqnm% omlhcobans omfm zbsoblns lnq{nbs% om{{cszmlacf oc{on ac 8::f ac cxqclsm, Nqnefclqc% m sm q{sqbom acssc nfkbclqc gn{nlqc m ssqclqman comlmfbn emone (EBFN cq ne,% ;::0" c an {cgbm ac Bzmion (FBLB_Q[BM ANCASONM% ;::0",

Nef ac gc{n{ cfz{cgm c {clan% n nqbpbanac q{sqbon qnfkf omlq{bkb zn{n nfcehm{bn an absq{bkbm ac {clan, N bl`{ncsq{q{n fmlqnan lns {cgbcs zmk{cs nq{nbq{bsqns ans {cgbcs fnbs acsclpmepbans c omf fnbm{ {clan% `nyclam omf ~c mom{{nfbg{nm ac {clan zn{n n~cens {cns (ON_BFB[M @BEHM% ;::;",

Clq{cqnlqm% m acsclpmepbfclqm {zbam c acsomlq{menam am q{bsfm cf emonebanacsomf {co{sms lnq{nbs lboms% ac cxoczobmlne kcecyn% qcf z{mpmonam cxocssm ac acfnlan


3/19




?

~c nonknf acson{noqc{bynlam n znbsngcf c z{mpmonlam n sn acqc{bm{nm (Z[NAM cqne,% ;::?", Lm onsm ams om{nbs ac Zm{qm ac Gneblhns m q{bsfm blqclsm c scf obanamsnac~nams zbsmqcbm ams om{nbs c sm ac lom{ns zcems inlgnacb{ms qf z{mpmonam

noclqnan acg{nanm,

Csqc csqam nlnebsn n pbnkbebanac ac bfzenlqn{ f sbsqcfn neqc{lnqbpm ac q{bsfmlcsqn {cgbm% qm{lnlamn fnbs ssqclqpce am zmlqm ac pbsqn comlfbom c smobne% nebnam z{csc{pnm nfkbclqne,

;, Isqb`bonqbpn

N ebqc{nq{n qolbomobclq`bon {cenqbpnfclqc csonssn cf {cenm nm znzce ams

om{nbs zn{n n comlmfbn emone, Fclm{ nblan% m lfc{m ac q{nknehms smk{c ms bfznoqms acsn acg{nanm smk{c n zmzenm, Lm s{z{csn% zm{qnlqm% n ~nsc blcxbsqlobn acz{micqms omlqclam z{mzmsqns qolbon c obclqb`bonfclqc cfknsnans ~c pbsnf n omlobebn{ macsclpmepbfclqm acssn nqbpbanac c n omlsc{pnm nfkbclqne, M z{csclqc q{nknehm z{cqclacomlq{bkb{ zn{n m z{cclohbfclqm acssn enoln,

?, Mkicqbpm

M mkicqbpm gc{ne acsqc csqam n nlebsc an pbnkbebanac comlfbon an bfzenlqnmac f sbsqcfn neqc{lnqbpm ac cxzem{nm q{sqbon ams om{nbs emonebynams cf Zm{qm acGneblhns, M sbsqcfn ac qbebynm z{mzmsqm f npnlm cf {cenm nm qbebynamnqnefclqc ln fcaban cf ~c z{mfmpc fclm{ bfznoqm smk{c ms om{nbs,

Omfm mkicqbpms cszco`boms% csqn zcs~bsn kson9 (n" baclqb`bon{ ms z{blobznbs`nqm{cs ac acg{nanm ams om{nbs4 (k" nlnebsn{ ms z{blobznbs bfznoqms comlfboms annqbpbanac nqnefclqc acsclpmepban4 c% (o" nlnebsn{ n pbnkbebanac ac neqc{nm ln nqbpbanacnqne omf m mkicqbpm ac {cayb{ ms bfznoqms nfkbclqnbs,

1, [CPB_M AC EBQC[NQS[N

1,> [cob`cs ac om{nbs

Ms {cob`cs ac om{nbs sm clomlq{nams cf {cgbcs ac gns ~clqcs c oen{ns%`m{fnams zcen aczmsbm am cs~cecqm oneo{bm ac m{gnlbsfms omfm om{nbs% negns cfmesoms, Omlsqbqcfsc cf bfzm{qnlqcs hnkbqnqs zn{n zcbxcs c mq{ms {co{sms zcs~cb{ms%anlam szm{qc n abpc{sns cszobcs c nk{bgm zn{n qn{qn{gns c fnf`c{ms fn{blhms (FFN%;::3", Cszcob`bonfclqc% sm ac`blbams omfm omeblns ac oneo{bm% omkc{qns zm{ fbehcs nkbehcs ac nlbfnbs blpc{qck{nams cxq{cfnfclqc sbfzecs ms om{nbs `m{fnams


4/19




1

knsbonfclqc zm{ fn kmon omf qclqoems c fn onpbanac lbon {cszmlspce zcens q{monsgnsmsns% abgcsqm c cxo{cm (YM[YCQQM cq ne,% ;::1"%

N sn bfzm{qlobn comlfbon sbglb`bonqbpn, Nssmobnams nms fnlgcynbs%{cz{csclqnf `mlqc ac {co{sms zcs~cb{ms zn{n fbqns omflbanacs, Nef ac z{mpc{~nlqbanac sbglb`bonlqc ac nebfclqm% z{mqcgcf m ebqm{ne omlq{n n nm ans mlans%z{mzm{obmlnf cfz{cgms zm{ fcbm am q{bsfm c {co{cnm, Clq{c mq{ms kclc`obms% zmacfsc{ `mlqcs ac sksqlobns fcaboblnbs (Fblbsq{bm am Fcbm Nfkbclqc FFN% ;::0",

Csscs nfkbclqcs csqm absq{bkams nm emlgm ac% nz{mxbfnanfclqc% ?,::: df lnomsqn k{nsbecb{n% acsac m se am Csqnam an Knhbn nq m Csqnam am Fn{nlhm, Q{nqnsc amslboms comssbsqcfns {cob`nbs am Nqelqbom _e (Z[NQC_% N,Z,E4 ;::?", Ans fnbs ac ?3:cszobcs ac om{nbs cxbsqclqcs lm flam% >8 acens mom{{cf lm K{nsbe, Acsqns% mbqm smclafbons% m scin% clomlq{nfsc nzclns lms fn{cs k{nsbecb{ms, Cssn n fnbm{ z{mzm{m

ac clacfbsfm ac om{nbs am flam, (FFN% ;::3",

Zm{f% ms {cob`cs ac om{nbs csqm sm`{clam nfcnns cf csonen flabne, Csqamszkebonams ln {cpbsqn _obcloc ac >3 ac ngmsqm ac ;::? (obqnam zm{ YM[YCQQM cq ne,%;::1" acqnehnf n g{npbanac an sbqnm blqc{lnobmlne ams {cob`cs ac om{nbs% z{mqcgbamsacsac >273 zcen Omlpclm smk{c m Omf{obm Blqc{lnobmlne ac Cszobcs Nfcnnans an@em{n c an @nln _bepcsq{cs, No{cabqnsc ~c ms comssbsqcfns ams {cob`cs ac om{nbs lmsmk{cpbpc{m fnbs ~c fns zmons aonans sc lm `m{cf bfcabnqnfclqc z{mqcgbams ancxzem{nm hfnln,

Cf f ams n{qbgms% m kbemgm fn{blhm Qc{cloc Hghcs% an Slbpc{sbanac InfcsOmmd% ln Nsq{ebn% csqbfn ~c ?:# ams {cob`cs i csqcinf sc{bnfclqc anlb`bonams c mq{ms0:# acpnf sc zc{ac{ nq ;:?:, Csscs c`cbqms sm z{mpmonams zm{ f z{mocssm ac fanlnlm acebonam c~bek{bm acsscs nfkbclqcs fn{blhms, Zcson cxocssbpn% zmebm% ng{boeq{nfne `cbqn% neqc{nm ans `em{csqns ebqm{lcns c ns fanlns oebfqbons am zenlcqn sm neglscxcfzems, Aclq{c ms sblnbs ~c acszc{qn{nf n nqclm ac g{zms blqc{lnobmlnbs aczcs~bsnam{cs zn{n m csqnam ac omlsc{pnm ams om{nbs m `clfclm ohnfnamk{nl~cnfclqm% nobefclqc baclqb`bopce zm{ nyc{ ms om{nbs acskmqn{cf,

Amlnea Zmqqs% z{m`cssm{ ac Kbmemgbn% ab{cqm{ am z{mg{nfn Caonqbml Nkmn{ac{cszmlspce zcen Blbobnqbpn Blqc{lnobmlne an Kbmabpc{sbanac Fn{blhn am Aczn{qnfclqm ac

Oblobns Qc{{csq{cs c Fn{blhns an Slbpc{sbanac an Oneb`{lbn% cf _nlqn O{y% n`b{fn ~cfanlns cxoczobmlnefclqc {zbans csqm nomlqcoclam% zm{ cxcfzem% lns {cns mlacmom{{c n fnbm{ zn{qc an zmzenm ac om{nbs am flam, Lms znscs cf acsclpmepbfclqm%mlac fbqns zcssmns pbpcf an comlmfbn omsqcb{n% csscs comssbsqcfns csqm fanlam{nzbanfclqc acpbam nm bfznoqm hfnlm% o{lbom c emone,

Lm K{nsbe% m csqnam ac omlsc{pnm ams {cob`cs omsqcb{ms z{cmoznlqc, Fcsfm cf{cns z{mqcgbans omfm n Omsqn ams Om{nbs% fn emlgn sc~lobn ac z{nbns omf n{cbnsk{nlons oc{onans zm{ om~cb{ms c f fn{ nyezbsobln% bfznoqms lcgnqbpms zmacf sc{baclqb`bonams, `{clqc acssns z{nbns `bon n fnbs cxqclsn `m{fnm ac {cob`cs k{nsbecb{n% ~csc csqclac zm{ >?: ~befcq{ms% acsac m flbozbm ac Qnfnlan{% se ac Zc{lnfkom% nq

Zn{bzcb{n% lm{qc ac Nengmns,


5/19




3

Csqams acsclpmepbams cf oblom ans scqc fnbm{cs `m{fncs ac {cob`cs k{nsbecb{ns%qmans ln {cgbm Lm{acsqc% fmsq{nf ~c n sbqnm fnbs g{npc n ams {cob`cs sbqnams nfclms ac f ~befcq{m an omsqn% omfm ln {cgbm ac Zm{qm ac Gneblhns, +Neb% m csqnam ams

om{nbs lms {cob`cs fnbs z{xbfms z{nbn zssbfm+% mksc{pn m mocnlg{n`m Ino~csEnkm{ce% an Slbpc{sbanac ac Fn{scehn% ln @{nln% nqm{ ac fn ans fnbs omfzecqnsacso{bcs ams {cob`cs k{nsbecb{ms (YM[YCQQM cq ne,% ;::1",

Am zmlqm ac pbsqn comlfbom% cssn sbqnm onsnan% cf zn{qc% zcem `nqm ac ~c mssc{pbms z{mfmpbams zcems {cob`cs lm sc{cf qmqnefclqc bloeams lm fc{onam([NLANEE% >287", Nef abssm% en{gnfclqc snkbam ~c n fnbm{bn ans acobscs zmeqbonsa zmom zcsm n cssc qbzm ac {co{sm, Cssn lcgebglobn zmac% cf eqbfm onsm% omfz{mfcqc{n ssqclqnkbebanac an hfnlbanac ln kbms`c{n, (OM_QNLYN% >282"

Nzcsn{ abssm% csqams fmsq{nf ~c ms kcls comlfboms c sc{pbms napblams am

comssbsqcfn ac {cob`cs ac om{nbs lm sm acsz{cypcbs, Fbqms znscs ~c zmsscf {cob`csac om{nbs cf sn omsqn gc{nf zn{ocens sbglb`bonqbpns ac sn {clan omf m q{bsfm, Csqbfnsc~c% ln fabn% znscs omf blasq{bns ac q{bsfm cf {cob`cs ac om{nbs mkqf fnbs am ~c nfcqnac ac sc ZBK k{qm acssns nqbpbanacs, Kmlnb{c% fn zc~cln behn am On{bkc% fcxcfzem besq{nqbpm, Nlnefclqc% ns sns {cocbqns omf ns nqbpbanacs {cenobmlnans omf ms{cob`cs ac om{nbs ac nz{mxbfnanfclqc S_! ;? fbehcs, Cl~nlqm bssm% ms gnsqms{cenobmlnams omf n nafblbsq{nm am zn{~c fn{blhm sm ac nzclns S_!> fbehm(QNEKMQ% ;::>", Lm Flam% csqbfnsc ~c ms {cob`cs gc{nf oc{on ac S_!?73 kbehcsnlnbs (OM_QNLYN% >227",

Zcen sn kcecyn% pn{bcanac ac pban fn{blhn c sns z{nbns z{mqcgbans% ms {cob`cs acom{nbs sm f omlpbqc zn{n q{bsqns% knlhbsqns% fc{gehnam{cs ebp{cs c fc{gehnam{csnqlmfms, Zn{n ms hnkbqnlqcs emonbs% ~c aczclacf an {clan am q{bsfm% n acsq{bm am{cob`c o{bn fn zc{an sbglb`bonqbpn ac cfz{cgm lm q{bsfm% ln {co{cnm fn{blhn c lnsblasq{bns ac zcson,

Ms {cob`cs ac om{nbs sm qnfkf fn sbglb`bonqbpn `mlqc ac z{mqcln ac neqn~nebanac zn{n fbehcs ac zcssmns, Zn{n fbqms zmpms ~c pbpcf lcssns {cns% ms {cob`csac om{nbs sm zn{qcs ac sns pbans% zn{qbobznlam ac scs pnem{cs q{nabobmlnbs% cszb{bqnbs coeq{nbs,

Sfn mq{n `mlqc ac kclc`obms zmqclobnbs n zmssbkbebanac an kbmz{mszcom acz{blozbms ~fboms clq{c ms nlbfnbs c zenlqns am {cob`c, Abpc{sns a{mgns qf sbamacsclpmepbans nq{nps ac sksqlobns nqbpns clomlq{nans cf m{gnlbsfms z{csclqcs cf{cob`cs ac om{nbs, M fnbs `nfmsm acsqcs m NYQ% knscnam lms z{maqms ~fboms cxq{namsac fn cszmlin am {cob`c am On{bkc c qbebynam lm q{nqnfclqm ac zcssmns zm{qnam{ns amHBP omf bl`cocs (QHC OM[NE [CC@ NEEBNLOC% ;::0",

Abpc{sms mq{ms omfzmsqms sm m{bgbl{bms ams {cob`cs ac om{nbs c {clac{nfq{nqnfclqms zn{n amclns on{abmpnsoen{cs% eoc{ns% ecocfbn c oloc{ ac zcec,_{z{cclaclqcfclqc% fnbs an fcqnac ac qmans ns zcs~bsns ans lmpns a{mgns omlq{n moloc{ sm `monans cf m{gnlbsfms fn{blhms (QHC OM[NE [CC@ NEEBNLOC% ;::0",


6/19




0

Ms {cob`cs sm {cszmlspcbs% qnfkf% zcen z{mqcm ans {cns omsqcb{ns, Cecsnfm{qcocf ms bfznoqms ans mlans% z{mqcgclam ns {cns omsqcb{ns an `m{n ans mlans pblansam mocnlm, _cf {cob`cs ac om{nbs% fbqns z{nbns c cabòbms `bon{bnf pelc{pcbs s

qcfzcsqnacs, Lns Behns Fneabpns% n fblc{nm ams om{nbs mk{bgm n omlsq{m ac fncsq{q{n ac z{mqcm an omsqn ~c osqm S_!>: fbehcs zm{ ~befcq{m (QNEKMQ%;::>",

Lns @bebzblns% csqbfmsc ~c ms kclcòbms comlfboms gc{nams zcems {cob`cs acom{nbs (ab{cqms c blab{cqms" nqblgcf S_!>>?,:::%:: zm{ nlm zm{ ~befcq{m ~na{nam(WHBQC% >228", Lcsqc pnem{% csqm bloeams ms kclcòbms napblams an zcson `cbqn acfnlcb{n ssqclqpce% an zcson zn{n cxzm{qnm ac zcbxcs m{lnfclqnbs% am q{bsfm% anz{mqcm an omsqn c m pnem{ csqqbom% blq{lscom an kbmabpc{sbanac (Qnkcen >",

Kclcòbms comlfboms nlnbs an ssqclqnkbebanac ac {cob`cs ac om{nbs (ab{cqms c blab{cqms" zm{ >df qzbom {cob`c ac om{ne snapce ln @bebzblns omf zmqclobne q{sqbom

Ssm am {co{sm Csonen ac Z{mamZmqclobne nlne ac

{clabfclqm(S_!" (Csonen"

_sqclqnkbebanac zcs~cb{nn (omlsfm emone" >: n ?: q >3,::: 13,:::

_sqclqnkbebanac zcs~cb{nk (cxzm{qnm aczcbxc pbpm"

:%3 n > q 3,::: >:,:::

Q{bsfmo

(lm emone ac {csbalobn" >:: n >,::: zcssmns ;,::: ;:,:::

Q{bsfma

(@m{n am emone ac {csbalobn"3:: n fbe zcssmns ;,3:: 3,:::

Z{mqcm am ebqm{nec

(z{cpclm an c{msm"3,::: ;3,:::

Csqqbon-pnem{ an kbmabpc{sbanac`(pmelqn{bcanac zn{n zngn{"

0:: n ;,::: zcssmns ;,1::: 8,:::

Qmqne ?>,2:: >>?,:::

Qnkcen >, ^na{m omfzn{nqbpm clq{c ns nqbpbanacs {cenobmlnans kbmabpc{sbanac fn{blhn(WHBQC% >228"

Lmqns9n Z{cm fabm ac fc{onam ac S_!>%3-dg ac zcbxcs am {cob`ckZ{cm fabm ac fc{onam zn{n zcsonam{cs ac S_! >:-dg ac zcbxc pbpm am {cob`coFabn gnsqn ac S_! ;:-abn-q{bsqn ~c `bon lm emoneaFabn gnsqn ac S_! 3-abn-q{bsqn omfz{ns lm emone (N, Whbqc% mksc{pnm zcssmne",cPnem{ an z{mqcm ac fcabonfclqm ac S_! 3,:::;3,:::df-nlm ac `{clqc ac z{nbn am {cob`c`Fabn gnsqn ac S_!1-abn zn{n clq{nan lm snlq{bm fnlblhm m zm{ amnm zn{n n fnlqclm an {cn mkbn nlom{nan,


7/19




7

Acpbam n sn kcecyn lnq{ne% ms {cob`cs {cz{csclqnf f bfzm{qnlqc nq{nqbpm q{sqbomc ln `lm fnbs cszco`bon ac {co{cnm fn{blhn c sns omlsc~lobns ~c sc omloclq{ncsqc csqam, M o{csobfclqm acssns nqbpbanacs% omfkblnam omf m nfclqm an zmzen{banac

ans z{qbons ac fc{gehm q{ny qnfkf negls znssbpms nfkbclqnbs ~c acpcf sc{ {cecpnams~nlqm pbnkbebanac ssqclqpce ans nqbpbanacs ebgnans n csscs {co{sms,

1,;, Nkm{angcf Comlfbon

M z{mkecfn ams {cob`cs ac om{nbs zmac sc{ nlnebsnam qbebynlam n lmm ac KclsZkeboms>, ^nlam cssc qbzm ac kcf - sc{pbm nzn{coc% m fc{onam lm onzny ac nemon{ ms{co{sms c`bobclqcfclqc c m sbsqcfn ac z{cms lm gn{nlqc ~c n nemonm qbfn ams{co{sms, Fbqms {co{sms lnq{nbs nz{csclqnf cssc qbzm ac on{noqc{sqbon c z{mkecfn,

Lm ~c omloc{lc acqc{fblnm am pnem{ ac f {co{sm nfkbclqne% n nqneebqc{nq{n comlfbon blabon q{s `mlqcs absqblqns ac pnem{ ~c omfzcf m pnem{ comlfbomqmqne am nfkbclqc9 pnem{ ac sm% pnem{ ac mzm c pnem{ ac cxbsqlobn, M z{bfcb{m {cseqnam am sc sm ab{cqm c blab{cqm, Ms mq{ms ambs sm ac ab`obe omlocbqnm cfcls{nm ([NLANEE% >2874 FN[^SC_ & OMFSLC% >227",

M qc{fm bfznoqm {co{cnqbpm qbebynam zn{n baclqb`bon{ ms absq{kbms onsnams lmsom{nbs zcem z{mocssm ac pbsbqnm c enyc{, N mom{{lobn ac bfznoqms lns {cns lnq{nbs omlsc~lobn blcpbqpce am sm% scin cec ac on{qc{ caonobmlne% {co{cnqbpm m mq{m~ne~c{, Fcsfm ms pbsbqnlqcs fnbs omlsobclqcs c obanamsms acbxnf {nsq{ms m fn{ons acsn znssngcf, Fbqns pcycs% fcsfm ac fnlcb{n lm blqclobmlne% zc{q{knf m omlilqm amnfkbclqc, Ms bfznoqms fnbm{cs mom{{cf ~nlam m lfc{m ac pbsbqnlqcs cecpnam%ng{npnam ~nlam m omfzm{qnfclqm blom{{cqm c ~nlam ns {cns lm sm fnlcinans acfnlcb{n nz{mz{bnan (OMEC% ;:::",

Csqams ac bfznoqms ac pbsbqnm nxbebnf ms nafblbsq{nam{cs c qolboms nbaclqb`bon{ ms z{blobznbs bfznoqms% zc{fbqblam m clqclabfclqm ans onsns c c`cbqms comenkm{nlam zn{n n kson ac neqc{lnqbpns ac fnlcim am sc sm, Nabobmlnefclqc% m c~bek{bmclq{c ms mkicqbpms ac omlsc{pnm ams {co{sms c n m`c{qn ac cxzc{blobn ac ~nebanac nmspbsbqnlqcs aczclac ac acobscs ~c nebcf cxzc{blobns ac sm omf ~nebanac zcen

omlsc{pnm ams {co{sms,M omlhcobfclqm ans on{noqc{sqbons ksbons ams pbsbqnlqcs zc{fbqc fcehm{

omfz{cclsm ac ~cf c ac ~nlqms cecs sm% ~nlam c mlac n pbsbqn mom{{c% c ac ~c `m{fnsm {cockbams ms kclc`obms ans {cns lnq{nbs ([MGGC[KSOD & ESON_% >287", Sfz{bfcb{m znssm cf ab{cm omlsc{pnm clqclac{ ns on{noqc{sqbons ams pbsbqnlqcs%nfclqnlamsc nssbf% m z{m`bssbmlnebsfm am fnlcim c an ~nebanac ac cxzc{blobn amzkebom,

M fmlbqm{nfclqm sbsqcfqbom c qolbom ams bfznoqms am sm zkebom zc{fbqc npnebn{ns omlabcs nqnbs ams {co{sms c n baclqb`bonm ams z{blobznbs z{mkecfns, Lm acom{{c{

> Onsnam zm{ fn omfkblnm ac lm{bpnebanac c lmcxoesbpbanac lm omlsfm ([NLANEE% >287",


8/19




8

am qcfzm% m fmlbqm{nfclqm zc{fbqc npnebn{ c`boblobn ams z{mg{nfns c ncs ac fnlcimnssbf omfm n baclqb`bonm ac emonbs cf ~c ncs ac fnlcim scinf lcocss{bns(HNFFBQQ cq ne,% >228",

3, On{noqc{bynm an {cn ac csqam9 emonebynm gcmg{`bon% omlqcxqm comlfbom%smobne c nfkbclqne

N obanac ac Bzmion emonebynsc ln {cgbm fcq{mzmebqnln an obanac ac [cob`c% lmcsqnam ac Zc{lnfkom, N {cn am flbozbm ac 3;7Df;% omf zmzenm ac 07,20?hnkbqnlqcs (BKGC% ;:::", Sf ams `nqm{cs ~c `nobebqn m nocssm zn{n ms q{bsqns snz{mxbfbanac omf n onzbqne% [cob`c (GMPC[LM AC ZC[LNFKSOM% ;::3",

@bg{n >, Emonebynm gcmg{`bon am flbozbm ac Bzmion

@mlqc9 www,zm{qmacgneblhns,omf,k{ (Nanzqnam"Zm{ omlqn ams q{bsqns pblams ac qmans ns zn{qcs am flam% m q{bsfm fn ans sns

z{blobznbs nqbpbanacs comlfbons, _ns z{nbns sm omlhcobans omfm f ams zmlqms fnbskmlbqms am Lm{acsqc% omf acsqn~c zn{n Zm{qm ac Gneblhns% omlsbac{nan fn ans fnbskcens z{nbns am K{nsbe, Nqnefclqc% omf fn kmn bl`{ncsq{q{n% csqn emonebanac qcf{cockbam acsqn~c aclq{m an {mqn am q{bsfm, (GMPC[LM AC ZC[LNFKSOM% ;::3",Omlsbsqclqcfclqc% Zm{qm ac Gneblhns qcf sbam cecbqn n fcehm{ z{nbn am K{nsbe ac nom{amomf o{bq{bms ac kcecyn% nocssm% bl`{ncsq{q{n% ebfzcyn c z{cm (PBNGCF C QS[B_FM%;::3"

M blqclsm q{bsfm lms {cob`cs ac Zm{qm ac Gneblhns omfcm cf >223(FNQQM_M% ;::3"% qm{lnlamsc n z{blobzne nqbpbanac comlfbon am emone, Ln fn{ knbxn% zmsspce neonln{ ms {cob`cs nlanlam c lnanlam,

Ln neqn csqnm% n zmzenm ac Bzmion ohcgn n azebon{ omf ms q{bsqns%bfzesbmlnlam ms lcgobms am flbozbm, N sn Nssmobnm ac Hmqbs csqbfn ~c mq{bsfm an {cgbm {cszmlac zm{ oc{on ac >: fbe cfz{cgms ab{cqms c blab{cqms, m scqm{ ~cfnbs cfz{cgn cf Bzmion% `{clqc am so{mneommecb{m% ~c ln zmon ac sn`{n gc{n scqc fbezmsqms ac q{nknehm,(AB[BM AC ZC[LNFKSOM% ;::?"

Zm{qm ac Gneblhns nz{csclqn fbqns nq{ncs zn{n ms q{bsqns, Zm{f% n z{blobzne

nq{nm c sc on{qmzmsqne sm ns ohnfnans zbsoblns lnq{nbs, Zn{n pbsbqn{ ns zbsoblns%


9/19




2

inlgnacb{ms emonbs {cnebynf m zc{o{sm ecpnlam ms q{bsqns, Nzclns cssn nqbpbanac gn{nlqc mssqclqm ac ~nsc fn oclqcln ac `nfebns, Ln knbxn qcfzm{nan% n Nssmobnm amsInlgnacb{ms csqbfn ~c scinf `cbqms oc{on ac 3: znsscbms% abn{bnfclqc, Ln neqn csqnm%

cssc lfc{m smkc zn{n fnbs ac ;:: (M C_QNAM AC _M ZNSEM% ;:::",

Ln fn{ knbxn% ms q{bsqns acscfkn{onf c onfblhnf lms {cob`cs% zbsnlam smk{cabpc{sms nlbfnbs c zenlqns fn{blhms, No{cabqnsc ~c% fcsfm cf knbxn qcfzm{nan% nsacyclns ac zcssmns ~c zbsnf lms {cob`cs onsnf n fm{qnlanac ac fbqms om{nbs% negns cfmesoms am knlom ac {cob`cs, M bfznoqm nblan fnbm{ ln neqn qcfzm{nan (M C_QNAM AC_M ZNSEM% ;:::",

Cssc bfznoqm mksc{pnam cf g{nlac zn{qc an omsqn ac om{nbs lm K{nsbe, Csqbfnsc~c n zmebm c m q{bsfm z{canq{bm zmac{m {cayb{ n kbmabpc{sbanac ams {cob`cs acom{nbs k{nsbecb{ms cf 3:# nq m nlm ac ;:?: (AB[BM AC ZC[LNFKSOM% ;::?",

Nef an acsq{bm onsnan zcem zbsmqcbm ams om{nbs an szc{`obc% h qnfkf mbfznoqm onsnam zcens lom{ns snans zcems inlgnacb{ms, _cf obanams nac~nams% cecssm enlnams smk{c ms om{nbs fnbs z{m`lams ~c lm sm n`cqnams zcem zbsmqcbm, Acpcscacsqnon{ ~c% zm{ ecb `cac{ne% z{mbkbam nlom{n{ smk{c ms {cob`cs ac om{ne m {cqb{n{ msm{gnlbsfms an gn (M C_QNAM AC _M ZNSEM% ;:::",

N{fnlam @c{{cb{n an _bepn% z{csbaclqc an Nssmobnm ac Inlgnacb{ms ac Zm{qm acGneblhns (NIZG" {comlhcoc ~c n sn nqbpbanac aczclac an z{csc{pnm ams {cob`cs,Clq{cqnlqm% {coenfn an `neqn ac nzmbm m`bobne c ac bl`m{fnm, N clqbanac clsblm scsnssmobnams n lm {cfn{ smk{c ms {cob`cs c n ombkb{ n onn c zcson lns zbsoblns lnq{nbs,Zm{f% {comlhcoc ~c m bfznoqm onsnam zcen nqbpbanac g{nlac c ms z{z{bms inlgnacb{msacobab{nf bsmen{ fn {cn zn{n qclqn{ {cozc{n{ m comssbsqcfn% scgblam omlscehms acnfbgms kbemgms (M C_QNAM AC _M ZNSEM% ;:::",

Sfn neqc{lnqbpn zn{n gn{nlqb{ n ssqclqnkbebanac acssn nqbpbanac comlfbon cgn{nlqb{ n omlsc{pnm nfkbclqne acssc bfzm{qnlqc {co{sm sc{bn z{mzm{ lmpns fnlcb{ns acsn qbebynm% scf onsn{ g{nlacs bfznoqms, Sfn z{mzmsqn n z{qbon ac fc{gehm ebp{c%nm blps am zbsmqcbm, Omf bssm% hnpc{bn n zmssbkbebanac ac nz{cobn{ ms om{nbs cfknbxmagn% omf fn pbsm fbqm fcehm{% nef an zmssbkbebanac ac mksc{pn{ qnfkf zcbxcs%fmesoms% o{sqocms c mq{ms m{gnlbsfms% m ~c lm zmsspce ln `m{fn q{nabobmlne%

onfblhnlam smk{c m {cob`c,

0, Fcqmamemgbn

Ns nlebscs ans on{noqc{sqbons an {cgbm c ams bfznoqms onsnams zcem q{bsfm cfZm{qm ac Gneblhns fmsq{nf ~c m z{blobzne z{mkecfn zbsmqcbm smk{c ms {cob`cs ac om{nbs,Pbsnlam abfblbm acsscs bfznoqms% csqc csqam nlnebsn fn `m{fn neqc{lnqbpn ac sm,

Nqnefclqc omk{nam [! 0%:: zcem znsscbm% ~c omlsbsqc cf q{nlszm{qc pbn inlgnan

nq ms {cob`cs ac om{nbs% mlac sc zmac onfblhn{ zm{ f zc{mam ac ans hm{ns,


10/19




>:

@bg{n ;, Zbsmqcbm ams om{nbs cf nqbpbanac ac pbsbqnm cf Zm{qm ac Gneblhns,

Csqbfnsc ~c m lfc{m ac pbsbqnlqcs ln neqn csqnm scin ac >;: fbe zcssmns(AB[BM AC ZC[LNFKSOM% ;::?", Neqn csqnm m zc{mam ~c omk{c ms fcscs ac

inlcb{m% `cpc{cb{m% iehm c acycfk{m, Lcsscs fcscs% m lfc{m ac pbsbqnlqcs zm{ fs anm{acf ac ?: fbe zcssmns m% nz{mxbfnanfclqc% >::: zm{ abn,

N z{mzmsqn ac sm neqc{lnqbpn zn{n m q{bsfm lms {cob`cs omlsbac{n n zmssbkbebanacac ans fmanebanacs ac znsscbm (Qnkcen ;",

Qbzm ac pbsbqnm Q{nabobmlne (zbsmqcbm" Neqc{lnqbpn (fc{gehm ebp{c"Z{cm ([!" ?:%:: >:%::

Qnkcen ;9 Z{cms ans ans zmssbkbebanacs ac q{bsfm lms {cob`cs ac om{nbs

Omf m nfclqm sgc{bam lms z{cms% cszc{nsc fn abfblbm ac ;:# ln

acfnlan% abfblblam ac >::: zcssmns zm{ abn ln neqn qcfzm{nan zn{n 8::,

Omf bssm% qbebyn{sc m z{cm omfm pcqm{ zn{n n fanln ac omfzm{qnfclqm anszcssmns% bloclqbpnlam n ssqclqnkbebanac am {co{sm c an nqbpbanac comlfbon n cecnssmobnan,

Ilqnfclqc omf cssc fconlbsfm comlfbom% hnpc{ f q{nknehm ac caonmnfkbclqne `cbqm zcems z{z{bms inlgnacb{ms% ~c% oml`m{fc clq{cpbsqn omf ms fcsfms%n`b{fnf i qc{cf zc{ockbam m bfznoqm lcgnqbpm ~c n acsq{bm acssc {co{sm qf smk{c nsn nqbpbanac, Sf cxcfzem m aczmbfclqm ac Fn{m Ims an _bepn% ac ?3 nlms% inlgnacb{mh >0% ~c aby snkc{ ~c m om{ne csq sclam sno{b`bonam, Bssm fn pban% n`b{fn, M ~c

zmac nomlqcoc{ f abn bssm `bon{ nzngnam,C csqcs fcsfms inlgnacb{ms ~c ecpnf m


11/19




>>

q{bsqn zn{n nlan{ smk{c ms om{nbs `cohn{nf fn zn{qc am {cob`c pbsbqnm% zm{ blbobnqbpnacecs% omf m mkicqbpm ac {cozc{n{ n {cn, Omfm lblgf `ny lnan ls fcsfms csqnfms`nyclam% aby N{fnlam @c{{cb{n an _bepn% ac ;1 nlms% z{csbaclqc an Nssmobnm ac

Inlgnacb{ms ac Zm{qm ac Gneblhns (M C_QNAM AC _M ZNSEM% ;:::",

Zn{n m oeoem ams osqms am z{micqm% omlqnkbebymsc ms c~bznfclqms ac fc{gehm(slm{dce c fson{n" c m ac scg{nln% m omecqc snepnpbans, Ms z{cms ams c~bznfclqmssc clomlq{nf ln qnkcen ?,

Qnkcen ?, Z{cms omqnams ams fnqc{bnbs lcocss{bms zn{n n bfzenlqnm an nqbpbanacneqc{lnqbpn

@mlqc9 zgbln wck skfn{blm% nocssm cf ;? lmpcfk{m ac ;::0,

Lmqns9n Fson{n An z{cqn omf onbxn4 fn{on9_CN_SK4k [cszb{nam{ Z{nqn scf pepen4 fn{on9 _CN_SK4o

Omecqc Omnsq (nq >::dg"4 fn{on9 Lnqbdn,

Acpbam nm `nqm an lcocssbanac ac sc sn{ m c~bznfclqm ac fc{gehm omf fn`{c~lobn fbqm neqn% c ac cssc c~bznfclqm `bon{ cxzmsqm fbqm qcfzm nm sme% c gn amfn{% `mb acobabam ~c m c~bznfclqm sc{bn {clmpnam n onan nlm zn{n ~c lm hnin {bsom lnqbebynm ac f c~bznfclqm anlb`bonam,

Zn{n {cayb{ m lfc{m ac pbsbqns sbfeqlcns% sgc{bfms abpbab{ ms 7: inlgnacb{msonansq{nams ln NIZG cf ambs q{lms ac pbsbqns% lm zc{mam an fnlh c lm an qn{ac, Nssbf%sc{bnf omlsbac{nans 1 zcssmns zm{ znsscbm zm{ inlgnan zn{n ~c sc zmssn nemoens ac fmam

c`bobclqc ilqnfclqc omf ms dbqsfc{gehm, @mb csomehbam qbebyn{ zn{n n nqbpbanac acfc{gehm ebp{c smfclqc fson{n c slm{dce% cpbqnlam m sm ac lnanacb{ns% zmbs cens onsnfg{nlac bfznoqm lms om{nbs c nm sens ns zcssmns sc sclqcf fnbs z{mqcgbans c qcf fnbm{qclalobn n zbsn{ lms om{nbs, Zn{n `nobebqn{ n `eqnm c omfzclsn{ n {cqb{nan anslnanacb{ns c nfclqn{ m lpce ac scg{nln an nqbpbanac% ms pbsbqnlqcs qbebyn{m omecqcssnepnpbans,

Ms mq{ms osqms bloeams sc{m ac fnlqclm ans inlgnans, Zm{ sc{cfcfkn{oncs fbqm sbfzecs% lcocssbqnf ac zmon fnlqclm% c ~nlam cssn `cbqn%qbebynf nzclns fnacb{n c cpclqnefclqc zblq{n% c n fmacmk{n `cbqn zcem z{z{bm

inlgnacb{m, Nssbf snfms zn{n oeoem f pnem{ ac [!?:%:: ac fnlqclm zm{ inlgnan

zm{ fs,

Fnqc{bne Pnem{ omqnam ([!"

Fson{n ac fc{gehm n 12%::

[cszb{nam{ scf pepen

k

>0%::Omecqc snepnpbans o 13%::


12/19




>;

Omlsbac{nfms bfzm{qnlqc qnfkf n omlq{nqnm ac f snepnpbans, Ac nom{am omfn K{bgnan Fbebqn{ am Csqnam am [bm G{nlac am _e% pc{b`bonfms ~c m sne{bm zngm zn{ncssc z{m`bssbmlne ac [!71:%:: fclsnbs (K[BGNAN FBEBQN[% ;::0", Oneoenfms ~c m

pnem{ lm Lm{acsqc lm acpc sc absqnlobn{ fbqm% zm{qnlqm lms knscn{cfms lcssc pnem{,

M eqbfm osqm n sc{ omlqnkbebynam% c qnepcy m fnbs bfzm{qnlqc% f o{sm zn{nomlsobclqbynm ams inlgnacb{ms smk{c n g{npbanac am z{mkecfn% m ~ne sc{ m`c{cobam lmz{bfcb{m c ~blqm nlm am z{micqm (nlms : c 1% {cszcoqbpnfclqc", Zn{n qne% omlq{nqn{nfms fcszcobnebsqn an {cn% ~c fm{n cf _m Znem, N znssngcf ac npbm nq [cob`c% pnem{ omqnamzcen Gme Eblhns N{cns cf ;7->>-;::0% ac [!323%:: zn{n ban cf :1-:>-;::7 c [!7;:%::zn{n {cqm{lm cf :7-:>-;::7% qmqnebynlam [!>?>3%::, Nzs n ohcgnan cf [cob`c% qm{lnsclcocss{bm m negce ac f on{{m, Omqnam zcen cfz{csn Emoon{ [clq n On{% qcfms m pnem{ac [!82%:: n ab{bn% qmqnebynlam [!;07%::, N hmszcangcf qcpc scs z{cms knscnams zcemsam Hmqce _men{ Zm{qm ac Gneblhns% oin ab{bn ac [!>::%::% c zn{n ? ab{bns m osqm ac

[!?::%::, C% zm{ eqbfm% m pnem{ n sc{ zngm zn{n m znecsq{nlqc% scglam zcs~bsn acfc{onam% ac [!>::%:: n hm{n, Omlsbac{nlam ~c sc{bn lcocss{bm f o{sm ac ~nq{mhm{ns% abpbabam cf ambs zc{mams ac ans hm{ns% c sczn{nam zn{n ans q{fns ac ?3

inlgnacb{ms onan% omloefms ~c m znecsq{nlqc {cockc{bn lm qmqne [!8::%::, Lm qmqne% mgnsqm omf m o{sm sc{bn ac [!;,08;%::,

Qmam cssc blpcsqbfclqm blbobne zmac sc{ `cbqm nq{nps ac f cfz{sqbfm knlo{bm%ablhcb{m ~c qc{bn f {cqm{lm fbqm {zbam c zmac{bn sc{ zngm i nlqcs am q{fblm amz{bfcb{m fs, Acssn fnlcb{n% cssc cfz{sqbfm lm nofen{bn fbqms i{ms% zmssbkbebqnlamn {cnebynm am z{micqm,

Osqms am Z{micqm

Fson{n ac fc{gehm[! 12%:: nlnbs

_lm{dce [! >0%:: nlnbs

Omecqc snepn&pbans[! 13%:: nlnbs

Fnlqclm ans inlgnans [! ?:%:: fclsnbs_nepnpbans [! 71:%:: fclsnbsO{sm ac omlsobclqbynm nlm : [! ;08;%::O{sm ac omlsobclqbynm nlm 1 [! ;08;%::

Qnkcen 1, Osqms am z{micqm

7, [cseqnams c Absossm

Zn{n nlnebsn{ n pbnkbebanac am z{micqm% omlsbac{nfms m ocl{bm nqne (scf nbfzenlqnm am z{micqm" c ambs ocl{bms zmsspcbs% ~c sc absqblgcf zcen qnxn ac namm


13/19




>?

ams q{bsqns lmpn nqbpbanac ac fc{gehm cf om{nbs nm blps an nqbpbanac omlpclobmlne(zbsmqcbm"9 namm ac 0:# (ocl{bm >" c 2:# (ocl{bm ;",

M hm{bymlqc qcfzm{ne omlsbac{nam sc{ ac >: nlms, Zn{n ms oeoems pnfmsomlsbac{n{ nzclns m zc{mam ac neqn qcfzm{nan cf onan nlm% zmbs n zmon ac fnbm{bfznoqm nfkbclqne ln {cgbm% fnbm{ bfzm{qlobn comlfbon c ~nlam amk{n m lfc{m acsn zmzenm, Nef abssm% n knbxn qcfzm{nan nz{csclqn fn acfnlan fbqm b{{cgen{ nmemlgm am nlm c h pn{bpcbs ~c bl`eclobnf% omfm pbsbkbebanac an gn c omlabcsoebfqbons,

OCL[BM NQSNE9

Omlsbac{nlam ~c sm >::: zcssmns ln neqn qcfzm{nan c ~c ns 7: inlgnansq{nknehnf sbfeqnlcnfclqc% clqm onan inlgnacb{m `ny cf fabn ? znsscbms zm{ abn c

ecpnf 0 zcssmns zm{ znsscbm,

OCL[BM NQSNELfc{m ac Pbsbqnlqcs >:::Inlgnacb{ms Abszmlpcbs 7:Zcssmn-Inlgnan 0Znsscbms-Abn ?Z{cm am Znsscbm !0%:[COCBQN-ABN [!0,:::%:[COCBQN-QCFZM[NAN [!7;:,:::%:

[COCBQN-INLGNACB[M-QCFZM[NAN [!>:,;83%7Osqm Fnlqclm Inlgnan [!8,1::%:Eo{m-Inlgnacb{m [!>:,>03%7ESO[M QMQNE [!7>>,0::%:

OCL[BM >9 NAMM AC 0:# AM_ PB_BQNLQC_

OCL[BM > & 0:# NAMM

Lfc{m ac Pbsbqnlqcs 18:Inlgnacb{ms Abszmlpcbs 7:Zcssmn-Inlgnan 1Znsscbms-Abn ?Z{cm Znsscbm Q{nabobmlne [!?:%:Z{cm Znsscbm Neqc{lnqbpm [!>:%:[COCBQN-ABN [!>1,1::%:[COCBQN (QCFZM[NAN" [!>,7;8,:::%:[COCBQN-INLGNACB[M-QCFZM[NAN [!;1,083%7[COCBQN K[SQN [!>,7;8,:::%:

Fnlqclm Inlgnan [!8,1::%:_lm{dce c Fson{ns [!2,>::%:


14/19




>1

Omecqc _nepnPbans [!0,?::%:O{sm Onznobqnm nlm : [!;,08;%:O{sm Onznobqnm nlm 1 [!;,08;%:

_nepnPbans [!;,20:%:Osqm Qmqne [!?;,>;1%:[cocbqn-Inlgnacb{m [!;1,;;0%8[COCBQN E^SBAN NLM : [!>,028,338%:[COCBQN E^SBAN NLM 1 [!>,028,338%:[COCBQN E^SBAN ACFNB_ NLM_ [!>,7;3,:1:%:

@ESXM AC ONBXN

Nlm :9 [!>,028,338%::Nlm >9 [!>,7;3,:1:%::Nlm ;9 [!>,7;3,:1:%::Nlm ?9 [!>,7;3,:1:%::Nlm 19 [!>,028,338%::Nlm 39 [!>,7;3,:1:%::Nlm 09 [!>,7;3,:1:%::Nlm 79 [!>,7;3,:1:%::Nlm 89 [!>,7;3,:1:%::

Nlm 29 [!>,7;3,:1:%::

N qnxn ac acsomlqm qbebynan `mb ac >7# n,n,

PZE 6 [! 2,;>>,80:%;7

Nlebsc Kclc`obmOsqm 6 0;%1;

OCL[BM ;9 NAC_M AC 2:# AM_ PB_BQNLQC_

OCL[BM ; & 2:# NAMMLfc{m ac Pbsbqnlqcs 7;:Inlgnacb{ms Abszmlpcbs 7:Zcssmn-Inlgnan 1Znsscbms-Abn ?Z{cm Znsscbm Q{nabobmlne [!?:%:Z{cm Znsscbm Neqc{lnqbpm [!>:%:[COCBQN-ABN [!2,0::%:

[COCBQN (QCFZM[NAN" [!>,>3;,:::%:[COCBQN-INLGNACB[M-QCFZM[NAN [!>0,137%>


15/19




>3

[COCBQN K[SQN [!>,>3;,:::%:Fnlqclm Inlgnan [!8,1::%:_lm{dce c Fson{ns [!2,>::%:

Omecqc _nepnPbans [!0,?::%:O{sm Onznobqnm nlm : [!;,08;%:O{sm Onznobqnm nlm 1 [!;,08;%:_nepnPbans [!;,20:%:Osqm Qmqne [!?;,>;1%:[cocbqn e~ban-Inlgnacb{m-Qcfzm{nan [!>3,228%;[COCBQN E^SBAN NLM : [!>,>;;,338%:[COCBQN E^SBAN NLM 1 [!>,>;;,338%:[COCBQN E^SBAN ACFNB_ NLM_ [!>,>;3,;1:%:

& @ESXM AC ONBXN

Nlm :9 [!>,>;;,338%::Nlm >9 [!>,>;3,;1:%::Nlm ;9 [!>,>;3,;1:%::Nlm ?9 [!>,>;3,;1:%::Nlm 19 [!>,>;;,338%::Nlm 39 [!>,>;3,;1:%::

Nlm 09 [!>,>;3,;1:%::Nlm 79 [!>,>;3,;1:%::Nlm 89 [!>,>;3,;1:%::Nlm 29 [!>,>;3,;1:%::

N qnxn ac acsomlqm qbebynan `mb >7# n,n,

PZE 6 [! 3,272,>>>%3>

Nlebsc Kclc`obmOsqm 6 1:%87

8, Omloesm

Csqn zcs~bsn fmsq{n ~c n neqc{lnqbpn ac qbebynm q{sqbon ac fclm{ bfznoqmsmk{c ms {cob`cs ac om{nbs cf Zm{qm ac Gneblhns neqnfclqc pbpce am zmlqm ac pbsqncomlfbom, Lms ambs ocl{bms nlnebsnams `m{nf mkqbams PZEs omlsbac{npcefclqc neqms% m~c blabon blpcsqbfclqms ac {bsom knbxm, M Znr Knod ac nzclns negls abns cf nfkms,

Nssbf% nef ac nfclqn{ n {clan ams fm{nam{cs emonbs% n z{mzmsqn nlnebsnan zmac{omlq{bkb{ knsqnlqc zn{n n omlsobclqbynm nfkbclqne, N {clan nabobmlne gc{nan zmac


16/19




>0

omlq{bkb{ zn{n n nocbqnm acssc z{micqm c nxbebn{ ln abpegnm an sn bfzm{qlobn zn{n nz{csc{pnm am comssbsqcfn emone, N abfblbm am zbsmqcbm ams om{nbs omlq{bkb{ zn{n n{cam ams anlms z{mpmonams zcem q{bsfm% nsscg{nlam n kbmabpc{sbanac c n omlqblbanac

an z{blobzne nqbpbanac comlfbon an obanac,

Zm{ mq{m enam% bfzm{qnlqc nec{qn{ ~c% cf {nym ams anams abszmlpcbs% qmams msoeoems `m{nf `cbqms omlsbac{nlam n neqn qcfzm{nan% ac 1 fcscs a{nlqc m nlm, fbqmz{mppce ~c% omlsbac{nlam n knbxn csqnm% m pnem{ omlscgbam sc{bn fclm{, Bssm% cf{nym ams osqms lms fcsfms lpcbs an neqn csqnm% cl~nlqm ~c n acfnlan zcem sc{pbmonb{bn sbglb`bonqbpnfclqc, Nzcsn{ abssm% fbqm zmssbpcefclqc% bssm lm blpbnkbebyn{bn mz{micqm,

Cssc csqam nz{csclqn negfns ebfbqncs nabobmlnbs, Lcec% lm `m{nf omlsbac{namsnegls osqms omfm emone zn{n n{fnyclngcf ams c~bznfclqms c omlsq{m ac snlbq{bms%

zm{ cxcfzem, Nef abssm cf {nym an nslobn ac `mlqcs fcehm{cs negls anams `m{nfmkqbams an fabn% {gms gmpc{lnfclqnbs c mq{ns blsqbqbcs lm nonafbons, Nssbf% ms{cseqnams nz{csclqnams acpcf sc{ omlsbac{nams omfm nz{mxbfnams, @q{ms csqamsacpcf omlsbac{n{ csscs nszcoqms,

Sf mq{m z{mkecfn lm nkm{anam lm csqam n zmssbkbebanac an clq{nan acqc{ocb{ms lm fc{onam% m`c{coclam m znsscbm zm{ f z{cm ab`c{clqc am sgc{bam lcsqnzcs~bsn, Bssm acom{{c am `nqm am {co{sm sc{ lmcxoesbpm, C% cxbsqc n zmssbkbebanac accsqn{ skcsqbfnlam ms osqms ac osqm ac fnlqclm ans inlgnans,

Acssn `m{fn% omfm sgcsqm zn{n `q{ns zcs~bsns% n acqc{fblnm an pbnkbebanaccomlfbon am sm neqc{lnqbpm ams {cob`cs ac om{nbs ac Zm{qm ans Gneblhns% acpcfomlsbac{n{9 b" csqam acqnehnam smk{c m pmefc ac q{bsqns4 bb" csqbfn{ n abszmsbm n zngn{ams q{bsqns zcen pbsbqnm q{nabobmlne c zcen neqc{lnqbpn z{mzmsqn lcsqc csqam4 bbb" bloeb{ msosqms lm omlsbac{nams4 c% bp" sc bfzenlqnam% fmlbqm{n{ c nomfznlhn{ ms bfznoqms(zmssbpcefclqc" onsnams zcen fmanebanac ac q{bsfm z{mzmsqm lcsqc csqam,

Nzcsn{ acssns ebfbqncs% neclqnam{ omloeb{ ~c fn mzm ac q{bsfm%nfkbclqnefclqc fnbs nac~nam% zmac q{nyc{ kclc`obms smobnbs (fnlqclm am cfz{cgm cfcehm{bn an ~nebanac ac pban ams inlgnacb{ms" c sc{ comlmfbonfclqc pbpce,

2, [c`c{lobns Kbkebmg{`bons

KN[[M_, F, B, N, On{noqc{bynm an pbsbqnm% ams pbsbqnlqcs c n npnebnm amsbfznoqms comegboms c {co{cnqbpms am zenlneqm am Zn{~c Lnobmlne am Bqnqbnbn, ;::?,>;>z, Abssc{qnm (Fcsq{nam" Slbpc{sbanac ac _m Znem% Zb{nobonkn% ;::?,

K[BGNAN FBEBQN[ K{bgnan Fbebqn am [bm G{nlac am _e, Abszmlpce cf

hqqz9--www,k{bgnanfbebqn{,{s,gmp,k{-, Nocssm cf >? ac Lmpcfk{m ac ;::0


17/19




>7

OMEC% A,L, Kbmzhrsbone bfznoqs m` wbeaenla {co{cnqbml sc, Bl9 GN[QLC[% W,O,4EBFC% A,W, (Ca,", Q{clas bl mqamm{ {co{cnqbml% ecbs{c nla qm{bsf, Lcw Rm{d9ONKB Zkebshblg% ;:::, onz,;?% z,;37;01,

OM_QNLYN% [,_,O, @NKC[% I, FNXWCEE, Pnenqbml nla fnlngcfclq qhc wcqenlacomsrsqcfs, Come, Coml, >282, >9??3?0>,

OM_QNLYN% [,_,O4 [MKC[Q, Qhc pnec m` qhc wm{eas comsrsqcfs sc{pbocs, >227,

AB[BM AC ZC[LNFKSOM Pbsbqn n Zbsoblns pnb qc{ ebfbqncs, Cabm ac ? acscqcfk{m ac ;::?, Abszmlpce cf5www,zc{lnfkom,omf-abn{bm-;::?-:2-:?-{knln>:]:,hqfe? acLmpcfk{m ac ;::3,

GMPC[LM AC ZC[LNFKSOM, Zm{qne ams Flbozbms, Abszmlpce cf5hqqz9--www,flbobzbms,zc,gmp,k{-flbobzbm-flbobzbms-gc{ne-blacx,nsz=flbobzbm678 228, ?0>z,

BKGC Blsqbqm K{nsbecb{m ac Gcmg{n`bn c Csqnqsqbon, Oclsm ac ;:::,hqqz9--www,bkgc,gmp,k{-Nocssm cf ;:->:-;::0,

Bfznoqm smk{c n zmzenm ac Om{nbs, [cpbsqn Zcs~bsn @nzcsz% Oblobn c Qcolmemgbn lmK{nsbe, Cabm bfz{cssn 12% Acycfk{m 22, >z, Abszmlpce cf95hqqz9--www,{cpbsqnzcs~bsn,`nzcsz,k{-blacx,zhz=n{q681;&ka6>&zg6>&eg< , Nocssm cf>1 mqk{m ;::0,

EBFN% C [ P cq ne,, M q{bsfm cf nfkbclqcs {cob`nbs9 cf kson an q{nlsbm zn{n nssqclqnkbebanac, Onac{lm Pb{qne ac Q{bsfm S@[I, p, 3% l1% 1;z% ;::3,

FN[^SC_% I, @,4 OMFSLC% N, C, N qcm{bn lcmoessbon c n pnem{nm nfkbclqne, Bl9

[MFCB[M% [,4 [CRAML% K, Z,4 ECMLN[AB% F, E, N, (M{g" Comlmfbn am fcbmnfkbclqc9 qcm{bn% zmeqbons c n gcsqm ac csznms {cgbmlnbs, Onfzblns9 SLBONFZ% >227,z,;>1;,

FN[QBL_% C, O, Q{bsfm omfm neqc{lnqbpn ac acsclpmepbfclqm ssqclqpce9 m onsm acIc{bomnomn{n lm Ocn{, ;::;, >01z, Qcsc (Amqm{nam" Slbpc{sbanac ac _m Znem%Zb{nobonkn% ;::;,

FNQQM_M% N{lna, Zm{qm ans Gneblhns aNlgmen, Abszmlpce cf5www,zm{qmacgneblhns,omf,k{- n{lnafnqqmsm-,hqf> ac Lmpcfk{m ac;::3,


18/19




>8

FBLB_Q[BM AN CASONM, Zenlm ac cxznlsm an {cac `cac{ne ac caonmqcolmegbon, Abszmlpce cf5hqqz9--zm{qne,fco,gmp,k{-scqco-n{~bpms-za`-cxznlsnm]zenlm,za`< Nocssm cf :?

lmpcfk{m ;::0,

FBLB_Q[BM AM FCBM NFKBCLQC% FFN, [cob`cs ac Om{nbs, Abszmlpce cfhqqz9--www,oz{h,zc,gmp,k{-oqamscomcssk,nsz=basconm6;?7, Nocssm cf >? mqk{m;::0,

FMKC[G% @,4 @MEDC% O, Comemgbone gmmas nla sc{pbocs m` om{ne {cc` comsrsqcfs,Comemgbone Comlmfbos, Cabm bfz{cssn ;2% >222, z, ;>3;??, Abszmlpce cf5hqqz9--www,`bshaczq,snknh,gmp,fr-zkamos-om{ne{cc`cpnenqbml,za`;mqk{m ;::0,

M C_QNAM AC _M ZNSEM, Im{lne M Csqnam ac _m Znem% Amfblgm% ;8 ac Fnbm ac;:::, [cz{qc{ [ckcon D{bqoh,5hqqz9--qxq,csqnam,omf,k{-cabonm-cszcobne-k{nsbe-k{nsbe>12,hqfe 73z, Qcsc (Amqm{nam", Slbpc{sbanac ac K{nsebn% K{nsebn% ;::?,

[MGGCLKSOD% I,W,4 ESON_% [,O, Wbeac{lcss sc nla sc{ ohn{noqc{bsbqbos9 n sqnqcm` dlmwecagc {cpbcw, @m{q Omeebls9 S_AN% @m{csq _c{pboc [mod Fmlqnbl [cscn{oh_qnqbml% >287, z,;:1;10, (Gclc{ne Qcohlbone [czm{q BLQ% ;;:",

[NLANEE% N, [csm{oc comlmfbos9 nl comlmfbo nzz{mnoh qm lnq{ne {csmoc nlaclpb{mlfclqne zmebor, ;,ca, Lcw Rm{d9 Imhl Wbecr & _mls% >287, 1?1z,

_MFFC[% B, K, Ssm ams nfkbclqcs {cob`nbs ln {cgbm ebqm{lcn ac Qnfnlan{%

Zc{lnfkom% K{nsbe, ;::>, 30z, Abssc{qnm (Fcsq{nam" SLBPC[_BANAC @CAC[NEAC ZC[LNFKSOM% Zc{lnfkom% ;::>,

QNEKMQ% @, c O, Wbedblsml, Om{ne [cc`s% Fnlg{mpcs nla _cng{nsscs9 N _m{ockmmd `m{fnlngc{s, ;::>,

QHC OM[NE [CC@ NEEBNLOC, M{gnlbynm Lm Gmpc{lnfclqne omf cl`m~c lnz{mqcm ams {cob`cs ac om{nbs, Abszmlpce cf 5www,om{ne{cc`neebnloc,m{g


19/19



Emla{bln% ;; n ;3 ac iehm ac ;::7%_mobcanac K{nsbecb{n ac Comlmfbn Nafblbsq{nm c _mobmemgbn [{ne

>2

5hqqz9--pbngcfcq{bsfm,nk{be,omf,k{-z{cfbm]pq];::3-zm{qmgneblhnsxic{b,shqfe228,

YM[YCQQM [4 @NEOM P, Msbs Fn{blhms cf Zc{bgm, [cpbsqn Zcs~bsn @nzcsz%Oblobn c Qcolmemgbn lm K{nsbe, Cabm Bfz{cssn 23% Inlcb{m ;::1, ?z, Abszmlpce cf95hqqz9--www,{cpbsqnzcs~bsn,`nzcsz,k{-blacx,zhz=n{q6;?10&ka6>&zg6>&eg? mqk{m ;::0,

exploração de recurso ambiental: viabilidade do turismo sustentável no recife de corais de porto...

Documents