capitulo 3 gb

7/25/2019 Capitulo 3 GB

1/9

!"

$%&'()*+ ,,,

%- ./012340 /5./ 6478.9-: 95./; 7:;0< .04;9620 :0462:3/5 6:3 595.43.2=:5 ;/ >? ;/6-23462@3 A9/ /B70/5437:5/52@3C : A9/ 520=/3 6:1: 6:17-/1/3.: 23;20/6.:C : 7404 23=:640D E25.23F920< ;:5 G:0145 ;/ -4 7:52H62@3 4.02I9.2=4 ;/- 4;J/.2=:D &:;0< ;/6-2340 595.43.2=:5 14569-23:5 ;/ >? ;/6-23462@3D (04;9620< ;:5 74H-4I045 39/=45D

"

!"# %"&'()*

K45.4 4L:04 -:5 595.43.2=:5 A9/ L/1:5 =25.: L43 ;/5/17/M4;: -4 G9362@3 : ;/59J/.: : ;/ 6:17-/1/3.: ;20/6.:D

N9J/.: H 645: 3:1234.2=: $E H 645: 46954.2=:

OPQRSTUP V WQXYZ[\]D OPQRST\ÛQ _`Q WQXYZ[\QD+# %*',&" -(,". /*)*0"'*- (# %*',&".

a3 -4 52F92/3./ :0462@3 _\b cQXYR[\d G9362:34 ;/ 934 143/04 ;25.23.4DE/5/17/M4 /- :G262: ;/ 7:5/52=: 6:3 0/57/6.: 4- :.0: 595.43.2=:D

OPQRST\ÛQ _`Q ceUfg`Q !"# %&'()*"+D/*)*0"'*- (# %"&'()* !"# %&'()".

%- .04;9620 -4 :0462@3 ./3/1:5 A9/ 9540 -4 70/7:5262@3 !"7404 /B70/540 /5.4 0/-4H62@3 ;/ 7:5/52@3Da- F02/F:C /3 641I2:C 3: /17-/4 323F934 70/7:5262@3 523: A9/ -4 G:014 12514 ;/_\b cQXYR[\d h/5 ;/620C 59 645:i 23;264 59 G9362@3 ;/ 7:5/52=:D

j$@1: 5/ .04;96/ -4 52F92/3./ :0462@3k

OPQRST\ÛQ _`Q XU Q _\b ceUfg\bD

/*)*0"'*- (# 12*- .

>_\b TdYl\d_\b XU\b

*4 G:014 G-/B2:34- A9/ ./01234 /3 H\d 5/ ;/3:1234 ,-./ 0123435/DN9I04m/ -45 74-4I045 /3 645: F/32.2=: /3 -4 52F92/3./ :0462@3D

OPQRSTUP V cOnX ] ceUfg`] _\b TdYl\d _\o] cQXYR[\d] _\b XU\bD

p!"# -"3*& . . .

!" 12*-

$:17-/./ -4 .04;9662@3 ;/ -4 :0462@3 ;/- q>D

+# ,4") %"&'()* 0*)*0" ( #*- %*',&"- .

!

V frO\]_\b frO\d_`Q frO\Q

V ceUfgr]_\b ceUfg\b_`Q ceUfgrQ

+I5/0=/ /- 641I2: ;/ ;/523/36245 .43.: /3 /- 595.43.2=: 6:1: /3 /- 40.869-:D

s:1234.2=:t V XU67u/32.2=:t _\b XU"#%6954.2=:t _`Q XU8&

*:5 52F92/3./5 595.43.2=:5 7/0./3/6/3 4 -4 12514 749.4 ;/ ;/6-23462@3 A9/ XUr]D

$:17-/./ -4 ;/6-23462@3 ;/ -45 74-4I045D

hN9J/.:i s:1234.2=:t V frO\] ceUfg

h&:5/52=:i u/32.2=:t _ frO _ ceUfg

h$Ei %6954.2=:t _ frO _ ceUfg


2/9

!>

v+# %"&'()* !"#

%*',&" !20" #(

5(#(,&( !" 12*-.

$:17-/./ -4 .04;9662@3D

fwOUP V ceUfg`] _\b cQXYR[\d _`Q frQ\Q _\b XU\bD

!20" #( 5(#(,&( .

x6( 5(#(,&( !"# 7"8

3*& 0&"029.

$:17-/./ -4 .04;9662@3D frO\]t 5(#(,&(

V frO\] _\b TdYl\d yz{nQUQD hK/6LD ">t>!i

0&"029.

|

V_\b

_`Q

)5./; L4I0< 3:.4;: A9/ -4 ;/523/3624 ;/- 40.869-: /3 F/32.2=: /5 2F94- 4 -4 ;/-595.43.2=:t !"# '9"#D

$:17-/./ -4 ;/6-23462@3 ;/- 40.869-:D s:1234.2=:t V

u/32.2=:t _

%6954.2=:t _

}

_\b XU\b

$:17-/./ -45 74-4I045 F02/F45D

V frO\] _ XU ~Q ^Q ^wQUPD h" 3D >t"!i

6( 5(#(,&( !" 12*- ") :*-*;&*- 5"&'()"0".

F/32.2=: 7-904-

a3 /- 52F92/3./ 694;0: L4m 934 G:014 39/=4C /- 7-904- ;/- F/32.2=:D

N23F9-40 &-904-s:1D TYP\] TYP\Pu/3D TdYl\d :+(;

_Q e\f\Q~TUlQZQ

j$9


3/9

!p

"p

#(- ,4")(- 5(#(,&(-

!" #*- %*',&"-.

$:17-/./ -4 .04;9662@3D

fn^Q\dSP _\o] cOnX\o] frO\d] _Q cQXYR[ZQD

>"02,") .

"!_Q e\fZQ

$:17-/./ -45 74-4I045 F02/F45D

OPQRST\^UQ _`Q TYP\Q _ e\f D

/*)*0"'*- (# -"3*& !" #*- -2"&:*-.

"v6*- -2"&:*- !" #*-

%"&'()*- 0*)*0")

#(- 5(#(,&(- !"#

-"3*&.

(04;964 -4 :0462@3D

\ e\bf\P _Q ceUfgQ OPQRST\dSP _\o] frO\d] _\b TdYl\dD

"x

"D V cOnX`]TYP\]

>D V TYP\] VcOnXr]

a3 -4 52F92/3./ :0462@3 /- 4;J/.2=: cOnX`] 5/ /369/3.04 6:-:64;: /3.0/ /- 40.869-:

V m /- 595.43.2=: ceUfgr]D

fwOUP V cOnX`] ceUfgr]D+# ,4") %"&'()* %(,#(.

a- 4;J/.2=: 79/;/ 6:-:6405/ .41I23 ;/5795 ;/- 595.43.2=:C 7/0: /3 /5/ 645: /-40.869-: 5/ 0/72./D

fwOUP V ceUfgr] >cOnXr]D+# ,4") %"&'()* %(,#(.

a3 -45 ;:5 52.9462:3/5 /- 4;J/.2=: 5217-/1/3./ 64-2G264 4- 595.43.2=:D &:0 .43.:C 5/

;26/ A9/ /3 694-A92/04 ;/ -45 ;:5 /- 4;J/.2=: /5.< /3 7:5262@3 4.02I9.2=4 6:3 0/5H7/6.: 4- 595.43.2=:D

a5602I4 /3 F02/F: -4 -:6962@3 "# ,4") -"3*&6:3 -45 ;:5 G:0145 ;/ -4 7:5262@3 4.02I9H.2=4 ;/- 4;J/.2=:D

"D >D

"|6*- -2"&:*- !"#

-"3*& !20") #(-

,4")(- 5(#(,&(-.

(04;964 -4 :0462@3D

fwO\dSP \ e\bf\P _\b TdYl\d _\o] frO\d] _\o] cOnX\]D

"}

V XU`] >OP\]

a3 -4 :0462@3 43./02:0 -4 -:6962@3 #(- ,4")(- 5(#(,&(-5/ /B70/54 7:0 694.0: 74-4I045/3 F02/F:t _\o] frO\d] _\o] cOnX\]C 7:0A9/ /- 40.869-: 5/ 0/72./ 6943;: /- 4;J/H.2=: 4.02I9.2=: 5/ 6:-:64 ;/5795 ;/- 595.43.2=:D

%.02I9m4 4- 595.43.2=: XUr] -4 694-2;4; OP\] -();*D

V XU`] OPQRSTUP _\o] cQXYR[\d]D

+# -();* 12*- 0*)*0" ( #*- %*',&"-.

"V OP\] XU`]

*4 :0462@3 F02/F4 ;/- q"} 5/ 79/;/ 0/;46.40 ;/ :.04 143/04 52 6:-:641:5 /- 4;J/.2H

=: /3.0/ /- 40.869-: m /- 595.43.2=: h67D q"xiD

OPQRSTUP _\o] cQXYR[\d]D


4/9

!!

>_`Q frO\Q#( 5(#(,&(

N9I04m/ /- $E /3 -4 52F92/3./ :0462@3D

UP V TYP\] V cOnX`] _`Q frO\QD+# ,4") -"3*& ;2")" #( 5(#(,&(.

>"46954.2=:

ja3 A9 645: /5.< /- $E _`Q frO\Qk

>>

(# -2"&:*

a3 -4 :0462@3 4I4J: L4m 93 6:17-/1/3.: ;20/6.: m .41I23 93 6:17-/1/3.: 23;2H0/6.:Da- 6:17-/1/3.: 23;20/6.: /B70/54 -4 7/05:34 : 6:54 A9/ 0/62I/ /- ;4M: : 70:=/6L:;/ -4 4662@3 ;/- =/0I:D *-/=4C /3 /574M:-C -4 70/7:5262@3 (:5(&(.

N9I04m/ /- 6:17-/1/3.: 23;20/6.: ;/ -4 :0462@3 52F92/3./D

+# ,4") -"3*& !20" #( 5(#(,&( (# -2"&:*.

>p

934 ;/523/3624;/- 595.43.2=:

&404 5/M4-40 /- 6:17-/1/3.: 23;20/6.: /3 F02/F: 5/ /17-/4 3: 934 70/7:5262@3

h6:1: (:5(&(/3 /574M:-i 523: 934 ;/523/3624 /57/624- ;/- 595.43.2=:t HD

V TYP\] V nOnX`] fwOUP _`Q frO\Q !?e\df@D+# ,4") -"3*& !20" #( 5(#(,&( +#-2"&:*.

a- $, /3 934 :0462@3 F02/F4 /5 5/M4-4;: 7:0 h934 70/7:5262@3 934 ;/523/3624 ;/-595.43.2=:iD

>!

_ e\f

$943;: /- 595.43.2=: --/=4 -4 ;/523/3624 H h:1/F4 6:3 2:.4 595602.4i 5/ ;26/ A9//5.< /3 645: ;4.2=:D

a3 -4 :0462@3 ;/- q>pC j69


5/9

!v

+# -2"&:* !" 12*-

!20" #( -();( 5(#(8

,&( (# %"&'()*.

p6:17-/1/3.:

23;20/6.:

j9 :G262: ;/5/17/M4 _ ceUfg h645: ;4.2=:i /3 -4 :0462@3 ;/- q>}k

p"_ cOnX TdYl

$:17-/./ -45 74-4I045 F02/F45t fwOUP] _ cOnX TdYl D

?(,#(- (# ,4") -"3*&.

p>

TdYl\P]

$45: ;4.2=: 7-904-D fwOU_U !"A7 :+(;"B7D?(,#@2- ( #*- -"3*&"-.

$:17-/./ /- 7404;2F14 6:3 /- 645: 4;/694;:D

&-904-

s:1234.2=:t TYP\Pu/32.2=:t TdYlZQE4.2=:t TdYl%6954.2=:t TdYl\d]

pp

_\] ceUfg\]

N9I04m/ -45 74-4I045 A9/ /5.3 /3 645: ;4.2=:C CDEF-DD

nbf\] c[rS_\f\] YPS_\b yS\b D D D Tn P^rXU\] V ceUfg`]A(,#* (59-;*# !" /&2-;* B"-C- . . . D E2'*;"* "# %"&'()*

_\] D D D ceUfg\] ~Q YPS_ D D D h$:-D "t>i( #*- . . . %"&'()*- ") /&2-;* . . .

p!"D 3:1234.2=:>D F/32.2=:pD ;4.2=:!D 46954.2=:

,;/3.2G2A9/ -:5 645:5D

"\ ceUfg\ >_\b TdYl\d fwO\dSP p_\] e\f\P] !_`Q frO\Q _`Q OP\QD

pv

59J/.:

$,$E

j9 :G262: ;/5/17/M43 -:5 52F92/3./5 595.43.2=:5 /3 -4 :0462@3 43./02:0k

VP ceUfg\l

_\] e\f\P]

_`Q frO\Q

px6*- %"&'()*- !"# -"8

3*& !20") #( -();(

5(#(,&( ( #*- -2"&:*-.

(04;964 -4 :0462@3 ;/- qp!D

p| 96L:5 595.43.2=:5 ;/ /5.4 ;/6-23462@3 h--414;4 -4 5/F93;4 ;/6-23462@3i .:143934 G:014 /57/624- /3 /- 523F9-40 6943;: ;/5/17/M43 /- :G262: ;/ --4140 : 23=:H640D

fwOUP n_ QnlC :G(B9D6" !20"F G7HI 7"3*&J.


6/9

!x

-4 ;/ --4140 :23=:640

j9 :G262: ;/5/17/M4 -4 74-4I04 :G(B9/3 /5.4 :0462@3k

p}

ceUfgw

a5.4 G:014 ;/- 595.43.2=: 5/ --414 ,-./ 5/,-435/D ha5 /=2;/3./ -4 0/-462@3 /3.0/ /-.0123: =:64.2=: m -4 G9362@3 ;/ 325/,-FiD

N9I04m/ -4 74-4I04 /3 645: =:64.2=:D

D D D ceUfgwC V TYP\] c[wS_nfTwQ ^U D D D hK/6LD t"|i. . . %"&'()*I "# 7"3*& '" %( "):2(!* . . .

p

e\bfU

*4 ;/523/3624 7404 /- =:64.2=: /5 HUD

$:17-/./ -4 74-4I04D e\bf OPQRSTUP] _`Q frO\Q _\b XU\D72"&:*I 0*)*0"- #( 5(#(,&( !" 12*-.

!7"3*&I ;2")"- #(-

-();(- 5(#(,&(- !"

12*-.

(04;964 -4 :0462@3D

TYPUC UP] _\o] frO\d] _\o] Ol\d] _\b XU\bD

!"

--414 : 23=:64

s: /B25./ G:014 /57/624- /3 7-904- 7404 -4 G9362@3 ;/- =:64.2=:DN/ /17-/4 /- 3:1234.2=: 7404 23=:640 : --4140D

D D D ceUfg\lC ~O gnYPSnr] U^P D D D hK6LD >ptxi. . . %"&'()*-I D* -*D K(&2-"* . . .

j$@1: G9362:34 -4 74-4I04 ceUfg\l /3 /5.4 :0462@3k

!>

TYPU

V XU`]

a3 /- sD(D 6:3 G0/69/3624 5/ /17-/4 /- 3:1234.2=:C 493 /3 523F9-40C /3 =/ ;/ -4G:014 /57/624- ;/- =:64.2=:Da3 /5./ =/05869-: :6900/3 .43.: /- =:64.2=: 6:1: /- 3:1234.2=: /3 934 12514/B70/52@3 47/-4.2=4C -:5 ;:5 /3 523F9-40D

^UOfn Tn Xnd^nS_ _ YOn S\dC TYPU V XU ] [nQ_\TY_ZYD h%7D "vtpiL&()!"- D '(&(:2##*-(- M-*)N ;4- *,&(-I 7"3*& 12*- 0&"(!*& !" ;*!*.

a5602I4 -45 74-4I045 6:3 G9362@3 ;/ 23=:640t

/3 645: =:64.2=:D /3 645: 3:1234.2=:D

!p

3:1234.2=:F/32.2=:;4.2=:46954.2=:=:64.2=:

a5602I4 -:5 3:1I0/5 ;/ -:5 645:5 /3 /5.4 ;/6-23462@3 ;/ WQXYZ[\]D

N23F9-40 &-904-

V WQXYZ[\] \ WQXYZ[\P

_\b cQXYR[\d _Q cQXYR[ZQ

_ cQXYR[ _\] cQXYR[\P]

_`Q WQXYZ[\Q _\o] cQXYR[\d]

"H WQXYZ[U

"s: L4m 40.869-: /3 /5./ 645:D


7/9

!|

!!

;4.2=: 7-D

F/3.2.2=: 523FD;4.2=: 523FDF/32.2=: 7-D=:64.2=: 523FD

,3;2A9/ 645: m 31/0:D

_\] e\f\P]t $45: h523FD 7-Di

_\b TdYl\dt $45: h523FD 7-Di

_ TdYlt $45: h523FD 7-Di

_Q frOZQt $45: h523FD 7-Di

WQXYZ[Ut $45: h523FD 7-Di

!v

N23FDu/3D _\b TdYl\dE4.D _ TdYl:6D TYPU

&-Du/3D _Q TdYlZQE4.D _\] TdYl\P]

/745/ 7021/0: /- 7404;2F14 ;/- q!p -9/F: 6:17-/./ /5.4 ;/6-23462@3D

N23F9-40 &-904-s:1D V TYP\] \ TYP\P

u/3D _ TdYl _ TdYl

E4.D _ TdYl _ TdYl%6D _`Q TdYl\Q _\o] TdYl\d]

:6D TYP

!x

&:5/52=: u/3D$, E4.D$E %6D,3=:640 :6D

a- :G262: ;/ -:5 645:5 /5 /- ;/ 5/M4-40 -4 G9362@3 ;/ -:5 595.43.2=:5 /3 -4 :0462@3D&:0 /J/17-:C /- 645: 3:1234.2=: 5/M4-4 /- 59J/.: ;/ -4 :0462@3D

a3 /- 7404;2F14 q!v 4793./ 4 -4 740 ;/- 3:1I0/ ;/ 64;4 645:C -4 G9362@3 F0414.2H64- A9/ 5.4 5/M4-4D &:0 /J/17-:C

N9J/.: s:1D V TYP\] \ TYP\PN2 3: 0/69/0;4 .:;45 -45 G9362:3/5C 6:359-./ -:5 52F92/3./5 694;0:5D

u/32.2=: q"E4.2=: q>x%6954.2=: q":64.2=: qp|

!|

$:1740/ 59 ;/H6-23462@3 6:3 -4;/- q!vD /72.4/5./ /J/06262: L45H.4 A9/ 79/;4L46/0 .:;4 -4 ;/H6-23462@3 523 323HF3 /00:0D

&046.2A9/C 7021/0: :04-1/3./ m -9/F: /3 G:014 /5602.4C -4 ;/6-23462@3 6:17-/.4 ;/-q!v h40.869-: m 595.43.2=:iD

N23F9-40 &-904-

s:1D

u/3D

E4.D

%6D

:6D

!} E/6-23/ -4 74-4I04 frO\]C 6:3 /- 40.869-: 6:00/57:3;2/3./D,3;2A9/ .41I23 -4 G9362@3 F0414.264- A9/ 5/M4-4 64;4 645:D


8/9

!}

9362@3 N23F9-40 &-904-

s:1D f\O f\O

u/3D f\O f\O

E4.D f\O f\O

%6D f\O f\O

s:1D N9J/.:u/3D &:5/52=:E4.D $,%6D $E

N23FDV frO\]

_\b frO\d_ frO_`Q frO\Q

&-D\ frO\P_Q frOZQ_\] frO\P]_\o] frO\d]

N2 3: .9=: .:;4 -4 ;/6-23462@3 6:00/6.4 =9/-=4 4 /5.9;240-4C 7046.26>i

O40%*- !2&@) ( 'H

v

+# ?2P* !"# %*',&"

"- 7"3*& !"# -@,(!*.

(04;964 /- =/05869-:D

TYPr] ~S_PQ _\b Sn_\d V d`] _\b cQXYR[\dD h.D ">t}i"- -@,(!* %2P*

v"

!20" ( #*- %*',&"-Q

$:17-/./ -4 .04;9662@3D

OdQ D D D fwOUP _\] cQXYR[\P] D D D h3D !t>}i

6( '4P"&

v>

12R* (# -2"&:*

$:17-/./ -4 .04;9662@3D

fwOZ D D D _ e\fC \lyS\Q _\b_\ D D D h*6D |t}i

C ?(S "-;* . . .

vp

!" #*- %*',&"-

$:17-/./ -4 .04;9662@3D

Z Q _` g] _Q cQXYR[ZQD h3D "t!i

6( :2!( "&( #( #4S .

v!nT\Z *H&I "-048

0%(&OPQRSTZ 0*)*0"&I

-(,"&Z ;")"&fwOZ !"02&I %(,#(&

ceUfgr] %"&'()*WQXYZ[\] %*',&"e\bf\] -2"&:*

a&%N+ :64I9-402:

%793./ /- 52F32G264;: ;/ .:;45 -45 74-4I045 A9/ 5/ L43 =25.: L45.4 4A98D *9/F:/5.9;2/ /- =:64I9-402: L45.4 A9/ -: ;:123/D

/0I:5 N95.43.2=:5 %;J/.2=:5

cT\Z ceUfgr] cOnXr]

OPQRSTZ WQXYZ[\] OP\]

Z e\bf\]


9/9

!

XUr] 12*-I !2*-TYP\] 7"3*&I

-"3*&frO\]5(#(,&(

cOnXr] ,4")*

OP\] -();*

fwOZ XUr]

TYP\]

frO\]

vv

*4 .04;9662@3 5//369/3.04 /3 /-473;26/ HpD

&)a%

%- .04;9620 /5.45 :0462:3/5 0/69/0;/ A9/ -4 .04;9662@3 6:00/6.4 5/ I454 /3 93 43

capitulo 3 gb

Documents