spanish 2 grammar book

Ser Dops and Iops Imperfect Tense

Estar Irregular Commands Mandatos Formales

Verbs like Gustar Snakes and Snakeys Mandatos Informales

Hacer Expressions Se Impersonal Modal Verbs

Preterito Past Participles as

Adjectives

Reflexive

Car, Gar, Zar El Futuro y

ir+a+infinitive

Saber vs. Conocer

Spock Verbs Demonstrative

Adjectives

Cucaracha Verbs Demonstrative

Pronouns

Ser

- to be

D - description

O - origin

C - characteristics

T - time

O - occupation

R - relationship

P – possession

E - event

D - date

ESTAR

Estar

- to be

H - health

E - emotions

L - location

P – present

conditionI

N

G

Present

Participles

Ar: ando

Er/Ir: iendo or

yendo

Me – gusta, gustan (gustar)

Te – falta, faltan (faltar)

Le – duele, duelen (doler)

Nos – fascina, fascinan (fascinar)

Les – molesta, molestan (molestar)

Hace Time QueConjugated

Verb

Present Tense – since and for

Preterito Tense - ago

A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending.

Hablar Comer Escribir

hable Comi Escribi

hablaste Comiste Escribiste

hablo Comio Escribo

hablamos Comimos Escribimo

s

hablan Comieron escribiero

n

E

I

Aste

Iste

O y

O

Io

Amos

Imos

Aron

Ieron

Esto es el preterito

-que -

camos

-caste -

casteis

-co -caron

-gue -gamos

-gaste -gasteis

-go -garon

-ce -zamos

-zaste -zasteis

-zo -zaron

I

r

S

e

r

D

a

r

V

e

r

Ir/ser

Fui

Fuiste

Fue

Fuimos

Fueron

Hacer

Hice

Hiciste

Hizo

Hicimos

Hicieron

Dar

Di

Diste

Dio

Dimos

Dieron

Ver

Vi

Viste

Vio

Vimos

Vieron

Andar- aduv

Estar- estuv

Poder- pud

Poner- pus

Querer- quis

Saber- sup

Tener- tuv

Venir- vin

Conducir- conduj

Producir- produj

Traducir- traduj

Decir- dij

Traer- traj

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

lo, la, los, & las

ir + infinitive phrases

• Attach to end of infinitive

• Place in front of conjugated verb

Estar + -ing verb phrases

• Attach to end of –ing verb and add accent to the 3rd

to last syllable vowel

Formal commands

• affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel

• negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command

Irregular

Commands

T - tener

V - venir

D – dar,

decirI - ir

S - ser

H - hacer

E - estar

S - saber

Tenga

Venga

De

Diga

Vaya

Sea

Haga

Este

Sepa

Yo Nosotros

Dormi Dormimos

Tu Vosotros

Dormiste Dormisteis

Usted, ella, el Ustedes, ellas, ellos

Durmio Durmieron

Lei leimos crei creimos oi oimos

Leiste leisteis creiste creisteis oiste oisteis

Leyo leyeron creyo creyeron oyooyeron

Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change I to y in 3d person

1. Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing

the action of the verb.

2. When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.

3. Se can be used in all tenses.

1. Se hizo mucho.

2. Se hará mucho.

PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVE

La puerta está cerrada.

The door is closed.

Las puertas están cerradas.

The doors are closed.

El restaurante está abierto.

The restaurant is open.

Los restaurantes están abiertos.

The restaurants are open.

EL FUTURO Y IR+A+INFINITIVE

Infinitive + ending

Endings are same for -ar, -er, and -ir

-e -emos

-as -a

-an

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

•éstos (these)

•ésos (those)

•aquéllos (those)

Plural masculine

•éste (this)

•ése (that)

•aquél (that)

Singular masculine

•ésta (this)

•ésa (that)

•aquélla (that)

Singular feminine

•esto (this)

•eso (that)

•aquello (that)

Singular neuter

•éstas (these)

•ésas (those)

•aquéllas (those

Plural feminine

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

plural masculine

• estos (these)

• esos (those)

• aquellos (those

singular masculine

• este (this)

• ese (that)

• aquel (

singular feminine

• esta (these)

• esa (that)

• aquella (that)

plural feminine

• estas (those)

• esas (that)

• aquellas (those

IMPERFECT TENSE

• Cantabo

• Cantabas

• Cantaba

• Cantabamos

• Cantaban

Ar

• Bebia

• Bebias

• Bebia

• Bebiamos

• Bebian

Ir

MANDATOS FORMALES

• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop –o and add -eAr

• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop-o and add -aEr

• Conjugate to yo form

• Drop –o and add -aIr

MANDATOS INFORMALES

Affirmative

• Conjugate to the tú form

• Drop the “s”

Negative

• Put in yo form

• Change to opposite vowel

• Add an “s”

MODAL VERBS

ir + a + infinitive (going to

do something)

poder + infinitive

(are able to do

something)

querer + infinitive

(want to do something)

deber + infinitive

(should do something)

tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)

REFLEXIVE

Me

Te

SeNos

SeReflexive

Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns can be:

o in front of the conjugated verb

o attached to the infinitive

o attached to the present participle

o attached to an affirmative

command

SABER VS. CONOCER

Saber means to know a fact or know how to do something.

• No se la repuesta. (I don’t know the answer.)

Conocer means to know someone or to be familiar with someone or something.

• Conozco a tu padre. (I know your father.)