2-apostila de informática - mpu 2010

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    G5 KG5tG5 5 H xbIG5 EH FH1KtGIH+Q####OK 5 I tNHE 1HI1: 355G ++G1EtG 5+ KG+G HF FHEL+G+ G KNGFG I GxCHI1,####OK 5 RLHEG5 I @IH1G: HEL+G IH1G IH ?FNGIH, HIG 5H H+ +H####;FGEE+5 1+G5: 6+1t E5tGNG+ +1H+ 5FGEE+5 F 1+G5 ILtG5Q####;5t1G: 3xbEH+1G 5 I G+IG+ E5tGNGIHQ####;HE5 I5KH5tH5 I IH: ANt+G 55t1G5 I 5H1 IH FH1KtGIH+Q####?G+G5 ALEIGIG5: 6+1t xFtG+ GtH1GtFG1EtPGNP+ tG+G EH FH1KtGIH+Q####?FNGIH: 6+1t G FHEL+G H IH tFNGIH,NHFIGIQQQ####6+HK+IGI5 I M IH: 6+1t GNt+G+ +5HN 5 K+Ht H I tNGQQQ Et+ Ht+G5 E 5Q####GNG: HEL+G I5KH5tH I GNG IHFH1KtGIH+####D5KH5tH5 I IG 6H+t t5: 6+1t 5GNzG+ I5KH5tH5 FH1 H5 KEI+5 1KV KNG7+5QQQ##@DO; 36BOR3RO EIH5 3xKNH++ tG1b 1

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    FHEFIH FH1H L+EFGIH+ I G+PH5 KG5tG5 IH EIH5Q 3x5t1 +H5 FG1EH5P KHI1 NG+ GH EIH5 3xKNH++QAt+G 5 IH E @EFG+?FNG I GtGNH:EIH5T3 ###GxG I H1GEIH5 P K+1t: FG+, 1Gx1zG+Q R5tG+G+, FG+ 1H+ 1G jGENG IG KG5tG####H1GEIH5: @@@SARQ A@@SARWR3;?ARAR 3AR##At+G 5 IG JGENG EIH5 3xKNH++ KH55 N G 5GNzG H IH5 I+t +H5 EIGI5Q G5H H I+t +H H KG5tG 5tjG HFKGIH KH+ Ht+G5 KG5tG5 H 5bKG5tG5, KH55 N 5GNzG+ FNFGEIH EH 5EGN # KG+G xKGEI+ KG5tG5 EH 5EGN # KG+G HFNtG+ KG5tG5Q6HI1H5 EFHEt+G+ H5

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    1H IH 5 EI+ H RB (ttK:WWQ5tQFH1Qb+), KH+ x1KNH, 51 G EF55IGII Gb++ H K+HL+G1G EGLGIH+ I5jGIHQ KH55 N tG1b 1, 5GNzG+ G N5tG IH5 Nt1H5 5t5 GF55GIH5 KH+ 1H I5tG bG++G I EI+ H5, K+5Et EH EIH5Q### @BD36@?R3 "ttK:WWtH1H5QN5QH+IK+55QFH1W29W2WEXYI5.tHKQjKL" *3R=3ORA?@3? ###tG5 EHIGI5 KHI1 5+ Hb5+GIG5 EG +FEt +5 H X IH;5t1G OK+GFHEGN EIH5Q A5 1IGE G5 FH1 G1 I5I G Et+GF 1G5 Gt+GEt, b1 1G5 IH P EH EIH5 M5tG (GEt+F55H+ G 5t), FH1H tG1b 1 1 Ht+H5+F+5H5 P +1H5 FtG+ GbGxH:A+H;G.: GEtEIH H F+5H+ IH 1H5 FNFGIH5Hb+ G bG++G I t tNH I PGNP+ jGENG Gb+tG EH EIH5 FGPGNGEIH G 151G, tHIG5 G5 I1G5 1 5LEIH KNGEH 5 H 1E1zGIG5Q5FG @E5tGEt EG: KH55 N +GNzG+ G b5FG I G+PH5, K+HL+G1G5 IHF1EtH5 1 tHIH H 55t1G5GEIH 51KN51Et H 1E EFG+Q#++G1EtG I GKtIG: NG+H! AEIG KHI1H55G+ G tFNG 6+Et ;F+E Q G5 H EHH EIH5 j KH55 5G ++G1EtG I FGKt+G I tNGQ#B@6 VD I JGENG5#G H+G I K+HF+G+ H GNt+EG+ Et+ G5 jGENG5

    Gb+tG5 H 5 +H EFHEt+G+ 1G 5LEIG 1NH+ HK H: ?FNG5 EIH5 # @BD36@?R3 "ttK:WWQ1FFQFH1W1FFCZW1GL5WLN7KCE.7QL" *3R=3ORA?@3? ### (E.7) T ?AQ 355 FH1GEIH GKNFG+ H tH GF1G, PK+1t+ HF EGLG+ Et+ G5 GKNFG 5 Gb+tG5, EH H+1GtH VDQEIH5 IG Et+RE+ tHIH5 H5 +F+5H5 1Nt1IG GLH+G 1G5 FNQ#H EIH5 X, H 5 +H KHI+ FHEtG+ FH1 555 +F+5H5 I+tG1Et EG 5G +G I t+GbGNHQ =+GG+ K+HL+G1G5 I ?M, G555tCNH5, DMD, NCRG7 1tH 1G5QbNHtFG5 IA+PH5A5 bNHtFG5 EH EIH5 X tH+EG1 FN G NHFGNzG H, H t+GbGNH G H+LGEzG H I G+PH5 5KGNGIH5 KH+ 5 6 H KNG +IQ 1G bbNHtFG + E 5G5 FH5G5 1 1 NLG+ 51 1KH+tG+ HEI +GN1Et NG5 5t H G+1GzEGIG5Q MHF KHI F+G+ PGEtG5 bbNHtFG5 P5+ IKH5 FH1KG+tNGCNG5 1 5G +IIH1 5tFGQ##HH5 ?1G5 6+5HEGNzG 5U tGN IxG+ H EIH5 X FH1 1G FG+G 5KFGN[ O EHH KGEN I F5tH1zG 5 I5tG +5 H K+1t HF GIFHEG+ EHH5

    t1G5 K+5HEGNz CNH5 GH 5 LH5tHQ #HG G++G I ?G+G5 FH1 H RF+5H A+H6.P K+1t HF 5GNzG+ GF55G+ +F+5H5 b1 1G5 + KIH P G5 +5 5 GEt+H+5Q# @BD36@?R3 "ttK:WW+52QEIH5Q1F+H5HtQFH1W+5bHxWEWEIH5%2XWGEWWFWFZZIGCF40C4IbIC9XZCIIFb99G8ZGWFZZIGCF40C4IbIC9XZCIIFb99G8ZGQjKL" * 3R=3ORA?@3? ###5H I =GIL5Q A F+H5Ht GKH5EtH GbG++G NGt+GN (GHEI FGG1 H5 LGILt5) KH+ 1 FHEtEG1 x5tEIH, H 5 +H KHI FHNHF CNH5 I+tG1Et EH I5.tHKQ# @BD36@?R3"ttK:WWQbGbHHQFH1Qb+WGb5HNtE1WG+tFNN5WVV244CI5.tHKY4NNQjKL" *3R=3ORA?@3? ###M5GNzG H FN R KIG IH5 I5KH5tH5 E5tGNGIH5Q# @BD36@?R3 "ttK:WWQbGbHHQFH1Qb+WGb5HNtE1WG+tFNN5WVV244CG+IY4QjKL" * 3R=3ORA?@3? ###O EHH 55t1G HK+GFHEGN KHI+ +HIG+

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    t+GEPNG1Et 1 FH1KtGIH+5 FH1 GKEG5 = I 11 +G RAQH1GEIH5 L+G5 IHEIH5 XE/7 T ;tG KG+G F1G#Gx1zG jGENG##E/7 T ;tG KG+G bGxH#R5tG+GjGENG (5 1Gx1zGIG) W 1E1zG jGENG##E/7 T ;tG KG+G 5P+IG#xG jGENG 5P+IG##E/7 T ;tG KG+G I+tG#xG jGENG I+tG##E/7 T ;t T ;tGKG+G 5P+IG#H jGENG KG+G 1HEtH+ IG 5P+IG (5 H+ 1G5 I 1)##E/7 T;t T ;tG KG+G I+tG#H jGENG KG+G 1HEtH+ IG I+tG (5 H+ 1G5 I1)##E/7 T H1#E1zG W +5tG+G tHIG5 G5 jGENG5, xFtH G P 5t+ 1I5tGP##E/7 T ?#HFG EG K+1+G Et+GIG IG ;K+bG+Q 6+55HEGEIH EHG1Et,GNt+EG Et+ NG5##E/7 T G++G I 5KG H#H5t+G H I5.tHK (A+H 6.)##E/7 T=#?+Gz H5 LGILt5 +Et, 1 H+I1Cz##E/7 T 6#H5t+G HK 5 I 1HEtH+5WK+HjtH+5 xt+EH5##E/7 T #Et+GN I 1HbNIGI##E/7 T # (# E 1+H, I G Z)#Ab+ 1G EHG E5t EFG IH K+HL+G1G FH++5KHEIEt GH E 1+H xGIH EG ;K+bG+Q 6H+ x1KNH: E/7 T Gb+ H K+1+H K+HL+G1G E/7 T 4,Gb+ H PG+tH K+HL+G1G##E/7 T T (5EGN I 1G5) W E/7 T C (5EGN I1EH5)#SHH1##E/7 T ?Gb#A+H NK (GNt+EG Et+ H5 K+HL+G1G5 Gb+tH5)##3xKNH++ANt T 6#H5t+GWHFNtG KGEN I K+ C5GNzG H##HIFGIH+5 IG ;K+bG+;t T FNP#Ab+ EHG E5t EFG##Ht H IH 1H IH 1H5#Ab+ EHG E5t EFG##t+N T ;t T FNP#Ab+ EHG E5t EFG FH1 K+N LH5 GI1E5t+GtH5##;t T FNP (bHt H I+tH)#Ab+ 1E IG jGENG (1Gx1zG+, 1E1zG+, 1H+, tFQ)##;t TFNP (bHt H I+tH) 1 L+KH I jGENG5#Ab+ 1E I jGENG ++Et G tHIG5 G5jGENG5 IH L+KH##HEt+HN T FNP 1 L+KH I jGENG5#+FNG Gt+G 5 IG5 jGENG5

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    5t5 GH+tH5Q3 3RRA3?A;O 1E ++G1EtG5 H+F 1G N5tG I HK 5 PK+1t H 5 +H IH EGLGIH+ ++G1EtG5 KG+G FHEL+G+ K+5HEGNzG+ Hb+H5+Q6+1t N+ EG+ C1GN5 EHt FG5NHPG+ I5bNHPG+ jGENG5 KHKCK5=+EFG+ FH1KN1EtH5 KG+G 1NH+G+ H EGLGIH+EIH5 KIGt AtGNzG+ HK+HL+G1GOK 5 IG @Et+Et HEL+G 5 EH EGLGIH+O6 3; DA @?3R3?3x5t1 GNL1G5 HK 5 P EH5 K+1t1 K+5HEGNzG+ H EGLGIH+ @Et+Et 3xKNH++QAt+G 5 I5tG HK H EFHEt+GIG EH 1E ++G1EtG5, H 5 +H KHI FHEL+G+ G K LEG EFGN, bNHPG+ KHKCK5, GKGLG+ H5 G+PH5 t1KH+ +H5 IG Et+Et 5t +FHQ# ######@?3R3? 36BOR3R 8Q (HIGI5)O +FEt NGE G1EtH IG F+H5Ht, H@Et+Et 3xKNH++ X, t+Hx FHE5LH GNL1G5 EHIGI5 P E H EFHEt+G1H5 EG +5 H GEt+H+ P 5 H t5 KG+G G 5L+GE G IH FH1KtGIH+ IH 5 +H P EGLG Et+Et KH+ 1H I5t 5HtG+Q MjG1H5 GNLE5 IH5 +F+5H5 EHH5: H 1G5 EtL+G H FH1 H ;NN IH EIH5: ALH+G H EIH5 3xKNH++ @Et+Et 3xKNH++ 5 H GKNFGtH5 EIKEIEt5QRF+5H5 I 6+GFIGI ;L+GE G b1 1G5 NGbH+GIH5GLG H @E 6+Gt P K+1t P H5 FHH.5, 5EG5, IGIH5 I H+1N +H5 5t5 5tGIH5 E H 5jG1 G+1GzEGIH5, KH+ x1KNH EH 5tH+FH A+PH5?1KH+ +H5 IG @Et+Et (6+GFIGI ?HtGN)QHIH I 5L+GE G HKFHEGN, P K+1t GH tNzGIH+ +HIG+ H EGLGIH+ 51 EE1 FH1KN1EtH GtHQ HIH K+HtLIH(+F+5H xFN5H IG +5 H KG+G EIH5 M5tG) P 1KI P F ILH5 +HI1 H+G I 1 G1bEt K+HtLIH FH1 K+N LH5 GI1E5t+GtH5, 1E1zGEIH +5FH5QIGE G5 I+ 5tFG5 EG Et+GF, tH+EGEIHCG 1G5 Gt+GEt 51KN5Q ;KH+t

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    GH+tH5####3xb H 5t +FH I 5t5 GF55GIH5####6 LEG @EFGN FHEL+GIG EH +H5+##R;; 1 +F+5H j K+5Et EH +Hx K+1t P HF NG EHt FG5 Gt+G 5 EH bHt H#Q A5 EHt FG5 5 H xbIG5 PGEIH H 5 +H 5t FHEFtGIH Et+Et 5 H GtGNzGIG5 1EtHCGC1EtH*Q *DKEI IG AL EFG I Ht FG5QO6 3; DO 3 DO @R3O#######3RRA3?A; > O6 3; (@R3O)A5 FHEL+G 5 K+5HEGNzG 5 5 H +GNzGIG5 Gt+G 5 I5tG HK H IH +HxQ MjG1H5 GNL1G5 tNG5 I FHEL+G H:::Q 6R@@6AB#1G IG5 K+EFKG5 HK 5 GPNG P K+1t GNt+G+ G K LEG EFGN P Gb+tH PGEIH H K+HL+G1G EFGN H PGEIH H bHt H I K LEG EFGN K+55HEGIH KNH 5 +HQ::Q AA6+1t H 5 +H K+5HEGNzG+ G tNzG H IG5 AbG5 I GLG H PGEIH FNFG+ 1 1 NE. H PGEIH 1 EI+ H RB H+ ILtGIH, KH+ x1KNHQ#::Q O?3 DO#At+G 5 I5tG jGENG H 5 +H t1 G HK H I 1KI+ P jGENG5 KHKCK 5 5jG1 Gb+tG5 GtH1GtFG1Et GH GF55G+ 1 5t EG Et+EtQ 6+1t tG1b 1 G tNzG H I +F+5H5 JGG K+5HEGNzG+

    HEt5 IH EGLGIH+Q::Q R;;Ht FG5 I +G5, 1EtHCGC1EtH KHI1 5+ NIG5 +GKIG1Et Gt+G 5 I5t +F+5H j EFN5H EH HzNNG +HxQ A 5FHNG I PGN 5t HF I5jG P G EHt FG FL KHI+ 5+ tG Gt+G 5 IG jGENG R;;Q 5 5FHN+ G5 AL EFG5 GtH1GtFG1Et 5 H GtGNzGIG5 G5 EHt FG5 I+tH EH 5 EGLGIH+Q#::Q 6R@MA@DAD3#5t +FH, HH.5 DGIH5 655HG5 KHI1 5+ GFN1EtFHEL+GIH5 Gt+G 5 IG jGENG 6+GFIGIQ O 5 +H t1 G HK H I xFN+ tHIH5 H5 FHH.5, H 5t +FH I EGLG H N1KG+ H5 IGIH5 K55HG5 P 5 H ILtGIH5 1 It+1EGIH5 5t5Q tG1b 1 HK H P K+1t P tHIH5 5t5 IGIH5 E H 5jG1 L+GGIH5Q::Q ;3=RA AAt+G 5 I5tG jGENG H 5 +H t1 HK 5 I:RFb+ GN+tG5 PGEIH H+ GtGNzG 5 KG+G H +H5+AN+tG5 PGEIH 1 5t P 5t 5tGEIH H+ 1G +GI 1H+zG+ H xFN+ 5EG5 ILtGIG5 EH5 5t5QOt+H5 tKH5 I

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    1E5GL1, tNzGEIH 5G FG K+GIG, P GKEG5 I 5 FHEF1EtH ; G+GP5+ +5KHEI+ G 1E5GL1, I+ +GNzG+ H 151H K+HFI1EtH, 1G5 tNzGEIH GFG K bNFG I JH5 Q 3R?@@ADO D@=@?AB: 1 G+PH Nt+ EFH P FHEt 1 IGIH5 I 1G K55HG H E5tt H KG+G FH1K+HG H I IEtIGI5Q ; H G+1GzEGIH5 EH FH1KtGIH+, 1 1 IG, x1KNH tH.E H 51G+t FG+IQ 3x1KNH5 I +tFGIH5ILtG5: 6, R=, 6 G G+t+G I GbNtG H I 1G K55HGQO HbjtH IGG55EGt+G ILtGN EH F+tFGIH EIFG+ P 1G Ht+G EtIGI (G AtH+IGI+tFGIH+G) LG+GEt G +GFIGI IG5 EH+1G 5 EN FHEtIG5QANLE5 x1KNH5t KFH5 IH 5H I F+tFGIH5 ILtG5 5 H: PGEIH HF GF55G 1 5t FH1 FHEx H 5L+G, FH1H KH+ x1KNH H GF55H G 5G FHEtG bGEF +G KNG @Et+Et (I 6G+t@M: +GI5 EG @Et+Et), KH55 N FFG+ 5 H 5t GK+5EtGIH +GN1Et IG E5tt H P Iz 5+, Gt+G 5 IG +FG H I 5 F+tFGIH ILtGN PGEIH HF FHE5NtG 5 bGEFH KNG @Et+Et, 5t t1 P 5 G55L+G+ I 5G IEtIGIGEt5 I H+EF+ EH+1G 5 5Hb+ G FHEtG PGEIH HF EG 1 C1GN 1KH+tGEt, 5 GKNFGtH I C1GN KHI tNzG+ 5 F+tFGIH KG+G G55EG+"ILtGN1Et" G 1E5GL1, I 1HIH G G55L+G+ GH I5tEGt +H P H C1GN 5 P E H H GINt+GIH Et+ H EH H +Fb1EtHQ O P 5FG1 P 5tG 5 KHI1 5+ FtGIG5 5Hb+ 5t tKH I +GI[O 5FG1 (H "LHNK") PGNP+ 5P1GH G H ELGEH5G WH +GINEtG P, EH+1GN1Et, t1 FH1H EGNIGI Hbt+GEtGLE5 EGEF+G5Q A5 5b5 5 2QQ 2QQ2 GK+5EtG1 IG5 5tG 5 EHNEIH 5t tKH I +GI, 5EIH P G K+1+G 5tG H 5 I Gt+G 5 I

    K LEG5 I5KHEbNzGIG5 EG @Et+Et G 5LEIG Gt+G 5 IH +Fb1EtH I C1GN5Q Ob5+ P x5t1 G+GEt5 KG+G G5 5tG 5 GK+5EtGIG5 Ht+H5 tKH5 I5FG1Q AN 1 I55H, EHG5 H+1G5 I 5FG1 KHI1 5+L+, KH+tGEtH 1tH 1KH+tGEt P HF 5 1GEtEG EH+1GIH 5Hb+ H5 tKH5 I 5FG1 P 1 5EIH tNzGIH5 KNH5 +GIGIH+5, Gt+G 5 IH5 FNH5 I FH1EFG H, FH1H jH+EG5, +5tG5 5t5 5KFGNzGIH5Q O5 +5 5 H K+HL+G1G5 1GNFH5H5 I5EHNIH5 KG+G EFtG+ 1 55t1G +GNzG+ F KG5 I 5 151H KG+G 5 5KGNG+ KH+ FH1KtGIH+5 I 1G+I NHFGN H 1EIGN, tNzGEIH I+5H5 1H5, FH1H: 3CGN, D, DMD, D5Pt,D, 6ED+, 1tH5 Ht+H5Q1 G+PH EFtGIH KH+ 1 +5 I FH1KtGIH+ KHI5+ +FK+GIH KH+ 1H I 5HtG+5 AEtCM+5Q At+G 5 I5t 151H 5HtG+ IK+Ht H KH55 N, tG1b 1, ItFtG+ 1 G+PH FHEtG1EGIH GEt5 P H 151H 5jG xFtGIH EH FH1KtGIH+QRA/3R & A/3R;; H IH5 tKH5 I 5 +H5 I+Et5Q GF.+5 5 H GPN5 P Pb+G1 5EG5, F ILH5 55t1G5 I 5L+GE G KH+ I+5 H H KH+ P EFHEt+H +GLNIGI5 E5t5 55t1G5Q O5 +GF.+5 5 H H5 +IGI+H5 F+1EH5H5 +tG5 P 5G1 55 FHEF1EtH5 KG+G xtH+P+ K55HG5Gt+G 5 I I+5H5 1H5Q?@6O; D3 M R;M +5 I HHt1 IH5 K+1+H5 tKH5 I +5 FHEFIH, H +5 I bHHt EFtG G KG+t H I EFGNzG H IH 55t1G HK+GFHEGNQ A551, N GtGIH PGEIH H FH1KtGIH+ NLGIH H 55t1G HK+GFHEGN FG++LGIHQ?1 H1bO5 +5 IH tKH "bH1bG I t1KH" 5 H K+HL+G1GIH5 KG+G 5 GtG+1 1 It+1EGIH5 1H1EtH5, IEIH5 KNH 5 F+GIH+Q 1G zEFtGIH 1 It+1EGIH 55t1G, H +5 5H1Et 5 tH+EG+ GtH FG5G+ GNL1 tKH I IGEH EH IG H 1H1EtH K+G1Et IEIHQ ANLE5 +5 5 tH+EG+G1G1H5H5, FH1H H ";xtGC+G V" H "FNGELNH"QOR; H +15H1 H Et+55I Gz+ 1 +5 5 5KGNG+ IG H+1G 1G5 Gb+GELEt KH55 N, 55 F+GIH+5 KH+ z5, IxG+G1 I NGIH H I5jH I IGEFG+ H 55t1G IH5 5 +H5 EFtGIH5 KG55G+G1 G K+HL+G1G+ 55 +5 I H+1G P GKEG5 5 +KNP1, 51 H HbjtH IFG5G+ L+G5 IGEH5 GH 55t1GQ D5tG H+1G, 55 GtH+5 5G1 tH+EG+ 5G5

    F+G 5 1G5 FHEFIG5 EG @Et+EtQ 35t tKH I +5 KG55H G 5+ FG1GIG I +1 H H+1Q 3N5 5t H 1G5 GK+ HGIH5, j 1G +5 H P GH GtGFG+ G 1 PEG H5KI+G, E H 5 5 +KNFG, 1G5 tG1b 1 5 K+HKGLG KNG Et+Et KNH5 C 1GN P 5t H +L5t+GIH5 EH FNEt I C1GN, EFtGEIH G5 1 PEG5 P Gb++1 GPN C1GN, +EFGEIH H FFNH?+HjGE5 H FGGNH5 I ?+ G+tH5 +5 t+Gz1 1 5 bHjH 1 F ILH G KG+t, P K+1t G 1 5t+GEH GF55G+ H 1F+H EFtGIH HFHNtG+ IGIH5 E CNH5 KNG @Et+Et KG+G 1 I5FHEFIH, 51 EHtFG+ H5 +HQ 35t5 F ILH5 5 H IEH1EGIH5 I ?+HjGE5 H FGGNH5 I ?+ GQ@EFGN1Et, H5 FGGNH5 I ?+ G K+1tG1 P H 1F+H EFtGIH KI55 +Fb+ FH1GEIH5xt+EH5, 51 H FHEF1EtH IH 5 +HQ D5tG H+1G H EG5H+ KHI+G N+, FHKG+,GKGLG+ GNt+G+ IGIH5 IH 55t1GQ AtGN1Et H5 FGGNH5 I ?+ G GLH+G K+HF+G1

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    +HbG+ IGIH5 FHEIEFG5 IH 5 +H, FH1H 5EG5 bGEF +G5Q O5 +5 +G1 EH KG55GIH, H5 1GH+5 +5KHE5 5 KNG E5tGNG H IH5 FGGNH5 I ?+ G, FH1H KG+t I 5G G H, KH5 N5 E H t 1 G FGKGFIGI I 5 +KNFG+Q AtGN1Et, H5 FGGNH5 I ?+ G E H 1G5 FLG1 xFN5G1Et t+GE5KH+tGIH5 KH+ +5, GLH+G 5 H E5tGNGIH5 PGEIH H 5 +H bGxG 1 G+PH IG @Et+Et H xFtGQ 6+ tFG FGz IIH G EH+1 PGEtIGI I C1GN5 +GINEtH5 PFLG1 EG5 FGxG5 KH5tG5 IH5 5 +H5Q ?G5 C1GN5 FHEt 1 1 EI+ H EG b KG+G G t1G bGxG+ H FGGNH I ?+ G, GH E 5 IH G+PH P G 1E5GL1 Iz 5+Q 35tG K+ tFG 5 IEH1EG K5EL,xK+55 H I+GIG IH +bH tH 5, "K5FG+" 1 ELN 5Q AtGN1Et, G 1GH+G IH5 FGGNH5 I ?+ G 5G1 5t5 bGEF +H5, "K5FGEIH" G 5EG ILtGIG KNH5 5 +H5 IH5 1F+H5 EFtGIH5Q tG1b 1 FGGNH5 I ?+ G P GH 5+1 bGxGIH5 IG Et+Et "LG+IGIH5" 1 GN5H5 K+HL+G1G5 H 1GExH5 I C1GN, EF+KtHL+GG1 H5 IGIH5 H5 FH1K+11 EH H+1GtH S@6Q 1 G+PHQtxt I G5 "+L+G5 IH jHLH": H5 IGIH5 H+G1 "5P 5t+GIH5" 5 5+ H "Nb+tGIH5" 1IGEt KGLG1EtH 1 IE+H KG+G 1G It+1EGIG FHEtG bGEF +G, PGEIH 5+ H+EFIH H F ILH +5tG+GIH+Q ?G1b 1 H5 FGGNH5 I t+ G KHI1 5+ 5GIH5 KG+G NG+ H 5 +H KG+G 5t5 GN5H5, HEI 51 5 FHEF1EtH, 5+ H bGxGIH5 t+HjGE5 KG+G E5 F+1EH5H5, FH1H GFHEtF FH1 H5 NE.5 IH LHHLN, KH5 1G GNGI 5L+GE G KHI+G NG+ 1 5 +H KG+G 1G K LEG GN5GQ 6H+ 5t 1HtH H 5+ H 5t H+G IH G+ KH+ GNL1G5 H+G5 KG+G FH++L+ 55 bL, KH5 FG5HFHEt+ +H G5 K55HG5 P E H I5tEL551 H 5t H+LEGN IH GN5FGIH 5+G1

    GtGIG5QjGF.+5jGF.+5 5 H K+HL+G1G5 H 5F+Kt5 P "5P5t+G1" EGLGIH+5I @Et+Et, K+EFKGN1Et H @Et+Et 3xKNH++Q UGEIH 55H HFH++, H jGF.+GNt+G G K LEG EFGN IH b+H5+ 1KI H 5 +H I 1I CNG, xb K+HKGLGEIG5 1 KHKCK5 H jGENG5 EHG5, E5tGNG bG++G5 I ++G1EtG5 EH EGLGIH+ KHI11KI+ GF55H G It+1EGIH5 5t5 (FH1H 5t5 I 5HtG+ GEt +5, KH+x1KNH)QM +5 EH O+.t31 tH+EH I 20 2X H 1tG5 HFH++ EFG5 I +5 EH O+.t P FGKGz I EG+ 5F+GK5 (+FGIH5) GtH1GtFG1Et KG+G tHIH5 H5 FHEtGtH5IG t1G EG +I 5HFGN, GN 1 I +HbG+ 5EG5 FHEtG5 bGEF +G5 I 1 1F+H EFtGIH Gt+G 5 IG FGKt+G I tFNG5 FNP5Q AK5G+ I P GPN5 P+Fb+1 H +FGIH K+F5G1 FNFG+ 1 1 NE. KG+G 5 EFtG+, G +NG H IFHEGE G x5tEt Et+ H5 G1LH5 G1EtG 1tH G KH55bNIGI I H 5 +H FNFG+ 51 I5FHEG+ I P H NE. NG KG+G 1 H+1Q AH FNFG+ EH NE., 1G+PH b1 KPEH bGxGIH KG+G H FH1KtGIH+ IH 5 +HQ 3N 5 EFG++LG I bGxG+ E5tGNG+ H +5tGEt IG5 KG+t5 IG K+GLG, P EG+ G 1E5GL1 KG+G tHIH5H5 FHEtGtH5 IH O+.tQ AN 1 I 51KN51Et 5 5KGNG+ 5GEIH G +I IH O+.t, H +5 tG1b 1 +HbG 5EG5 I bGEFH, 1 Ht+G5 KGNG+G5, 1 FN 55FH GE.+Q /7NHLL+O /7BHLL+ 1 GKt+GIH+ I tFNG5Q AH 5+1 xFtGIH5, EH+1GN1EtH5 .7NHLL+5 FG1 5FHEIIH5 EH 55t1G HK+GFHEGN, 5EIH G551 G t1G E H t1 FH1H 5Gb+ P 5t 5EIH 1HEtH+GIGQ AtGN1Et H5 .7NHLL+5 5 H I5EHNIH5 KG+G 1H5 N FtH5, FH1H KH+ x1KNH +HbH I 5EG5 bGEF +G5Q ; H tNzGIH5 tG1b 1 KH+ 5 +H5 FH1 1 KHFH 1G5 I FHEF1EtH KG+G KHI+ Hbt+ 5EG5 K55HG5, FH1H 1GN, H+.t, ;, Et+ Ht+H5Q 3x5t1 tKH5 I .7NHLL+5 PFGKt+G1 G tNG IG t1G, 5EIH G551, P1 1KNGEtH H .7NHLL+ t1 FHEt+HN5Hb+ H P G K55HG 5t GzEIH EH FH1KtGIH+Q35tGIH S1bO 5tGIH z1b 1 1FH1KtGIH+ HFH++ PGEIH EFtGIH 5t 5EIH FHEt+HNGIH KH+ t+F+H5Q 6HI1 5 CNH KG+G I551EG+, +5 , .7NHLL+5, K+HFII1EtH5 EG5H5 1 L+GNQ 5GN1Et 5tG 5tG H HFH++ KNH GtH IG 1 PEG 5tG+ FH1 5 +GNN H

    ;5t1G OK+GFHEGN I5GtGNzGIH5Q OMO; 3@O; D3 @3 OtH 5 GNG IK+E H FHEt+G +5 I FH1KtGIH+ 1 FH1KtGIH+5 K55HG5, H G1H5H 6, 1G5 KHFG LEt 5Gb P FH1 G HN H, GKG+NH5 P t1 GF55H Et+Et, FH1H 1tH5 tKH5 I tNHE5 FNNG+5, GEIGNI5, MO@6,tF KHI1 5tG+ GtGFGEIH K+jIFGEIH G K+H+1GEF IH5 GKG+NH5 1 P5t HQ 6H+ EPGEtH 5 H FG5H5 5HNGIH5, 1G5 H t1H+ Et+ 5KFGN5tG5 1 5L+GE G ILtGN P FH1 G K+HKGLG H I 1G 1E5G PGEtIGI I GKG+NH5 FH1 GF55H Et+Et,GF.+5 F+GF.+5 + H 5 Et+55G+ FGIG z 1G5 KH+ GtGFG+ 555 EHH5 1H5 I GF55H GbQ?G1b 1 5 +FEt1Et P +5 KHI1 FLG+ 1 K+HItH5 Nt+ EFH5 ItH5H5, FH1H GFHEtF +FEt1Et FH1 6OD; IG AKKN, P t+GzG 1"EHE5H" +5 (PGNP+ GEt +5 H N1EG, GEt5 P N N1E GNLE5

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    G+PH5 FHEtIH5 EH 6OD), E55G5 5tG 5, G5G+ H Gb+FGEt 55EFGN KG+G tG+ IGEH5 1tH L+GEI5;6BO=3x5t1 tG1b 1 H GN5H bNHL, H 5KNHL, P EGIG 1G5 IH P 1 bNHL 1 P EG +GNIGI I K+HKGLGEIG, PG5 51K+, 55H L+GN1Et KG+G GNGGEFG+ G5 EIG5 I GNL1 K+HItH, +G+G1Et Gz GNL1 1GN, 1G5KHI FHEt+ NE.5 P KHI1 5+ K+LH5H5Q6+HG5 I HEF+5H5 5KWE 2 C;3D#HE5I+GEIH G L+G GF1G, P GK+5EtG 1G jGENG IHEIH5 3xKNH++ IH ;EIH5 6, jNL H5 tE55LEt5QQ H EIH5 3xKNH++, KG+G 5 t+ GF55H jGENG 6+HK+IGI5 I D5FH NHFGN (:), 5FEt FNFG+ FH1 H bHt H 5P+IH IH 1H5 5Hb+ H FHE D5FH NHFGN (:) 5NFHEG+ 6+HK+IGI5Q2Q G 5tG H GK+5EtGIG EG L+G, KG+G 5 tG+ H bGF.K I G+PH5 KG5tG5 IH FH1KtGIH+,IC5 5NFHEG+ G GbG ++G1EtG5 IG jGENG 6+HK+IGI5 I D5FH NHFGN (:) ,IKH5, FNFG+ Gz+ bGF.K GLH+GQVQ 6G+G GNt+G+ H EH1 IG EIGI I D5FHNHFGN KG+G EIGI NHFGN 5FEt GFHEG+ H bHt H REH1G+ K+5Et EG GbG ++G1EtG5 IG jGENG 6+HK+IGI5 I D5FH NHFGN (:)QAF+FG I ++G1EtG5,GKNFGtH5 K+HFI1EtH5 I @Et+Et, jNL H5 tE5 5LEt5Q4Q H @Et+Et3xKNH++ 0Q, GH 5 GFHEG+ H FHE #, Gb+C5 G K LEG EFGN I55 EGLGIH+QZQ 1 5 tH xbIH EH @Et+Et 3xKNH++ KHI 5+ Gb+tH KNH ItH+ I txtH ;CH+I,KH+ 1 E H KHI 5+ Gb+tH KNH ;C3xFNQQ0 6G+G 5 GFHEG+ H bNHPGIH+ I KHKCK5 IH @Et+Et 3xKNH++ 0Q, 5FEt GFHEG+ OK 5 IG @Et+Et IH t1 ++G1EtG5 EG bG++G I 1E QAF+FG I 5L+GE G IG EH+1G H, jNL H5 tE5 P 5 5L1QXQ M +5 1 K+HL+G1G P KHI 5 +K+HIz+ GExGEIH 5 F ILH G

    1 Ht+H K+HL+G1G, IG 151G H+1G P H5 +5 bHN LFH5 5 +K+HIz1Q8Q ;K7G+5 5 H K+HL+G1G5 P GL1 EG +I, FFGEIH KGFHt5 I IGIH5, EG tEtGtG IEFHEt+G+ EH+1G 5 FHEIEFG5 tG5 FH1H 5EG5 I GF55H EH15 I 5 +H5Q 9Q GGNH5CICt+HG, GIG+5 +15 5 H x1KNH5 I K+GLG5 +tG5QQ GF.K H t+1H tNzGIH KG+G IE+ 1G F KG IKNFGIG I 1 G+PH, 1 I5FH, H 1IGIH, tG FH1 H HbjtH I tG+ G K+IG IEtG I G+PH5 1KH+tGEt5QUGEtH GH5 FHEFtH5 I Et+GEt, jNL H5 K+ x1H5 tE5QQ @Et+GEt 1G +I NHFGN I FH1KtGIH+5, +5t+tG GH5 N1t5 Et+EH5 I 1G H+LGEzG H, EG PGN tNzGIG G 151G tFEHNHLG 1K+LGIG EG @Et+EtQ2Q A Et+GEt KH55bNtG Gt+GE5+ EFG I 1 G+PH KH+ ?6 (N t+GE5+ K+HtHFHN) I 1 FH1KtGIH+ KG+GHt+H IEt+H I 1G 151G H+LGEzG HQ;3AS 2 3;63WEJNL H5 tE5 P 5 5L1, G +5KtH I FHEFtH5 I EH+1 tFGQVQ 6G+G G FHEx H I 1 FH1KtGIH+ @Et+Et, EF55 +H t+, Et+ Ht+H5 FH1KHEEt5 I G+IG+, 1G KNGFG I +I H 1 1HI1Q A KNGFG 5GIG EH FG5H I H FH1KtGIH+K+tEF+ G 1G +I IFH1EFG H, EPGEtH P H 1HI1 EF55 +H PGEIH G FHEx H +GNzGIG G NEG tN EFGQ4Q H GKNFGtH 3xFN, 1 5EGN I F+ H ($) I 5+ tNzGIH 1IGtG1Et GEt5 I 1G ++ EFG Gb5HNtG G 5+ xGIGQ 355 K+HFI1EtHtG P G ++ EFG IG F NNG KH55G 5+ GNt+GIG GH 5+ 5GIG 1G GN G I K+EF1EtH H FH1GEIH5, FH1H FHKG+ FHNG+QZQ 6H+ KGI+ H, H 55t1GHK+GFHEGN EIH5 I5KHEbNzG, KG+G G +GNzG H I F NFNH5 51KN5, 1G FGNFNGIH+G FEt FG P H+F HK 5 K+ tFG5 KG+G 1GEKNG 5 IH5 +5NtGIH5 IG5 HK+G 5, H5 PG5 KHI1 5+ 5GNH5 1 G+PH, KG+G 5HKH+ Ht+H5 K+HL+G1G5,H E5+IH5 1 KNGENG5 IH 3xFNQ0Q H1 H 5H I K+HL+G1G5 GK+HK+GIH5, KH55 N E5tGNG+ 1G5 I 1 55t1G HK+GFHEGN 1 1 FH1KtGIH+, tGN P, GH 5EFG+ 1G 5 H I t+GbGNH, KHIC5 5NFHEG+ PGN 55t1G HK+GFHEGN 5+ tNzGIHQXQ O GF55H G 1 G+PH P 5tjG G+1GzEGIH 1 1 I+t +H HFNtH HNHFGNzGIH 1 1G EIGI K+tEFEt G 1G +I I FH1KtGIH+5 KHI 5+ +GNzGIH

    I+tG1Et KH+ 1H I 1 FHE I GtGNH FHEL+GIH EG +G I t+GE5+ EFGQ 55 FG5H, H GF55H GH G+PH HbtIH FH1 G GKNFG H I 1 FNP IKNH FH1 H bHt H I+tH IH 1H5 5Hb+ H ++IH FHEQ6= 2 3;63WEH1 +NG H 5 HK+G 5 P KHI1 5+ +GNzGIG5 1 1G tGbNG EH H+I 2X, jNL H5 tE5 G5L+Q8Q A5 NEG5 IG5 bH+IG5 IG tGbNG KHI1 5+ IKNG5 G FH+ IGNEG KHI 5+5FHNIG I GFH+IH FH1 G KGNtG I FH+5 IH H+IQ9Q 31 1G tGbNG EH H+I, GE5+ H I 1 HbjtH IH tKH 1GL1 t1 +5t+ H PGEtH xtE5 H KG+G H+1GtH jKLQ O5I1G5 H+1GtH5 KHI1 5+ E5+IH5 EH FH+KH IH IHF1EtHQ2Q H EIH5 66+H55HEGN, H tG1GEH IG @O; IH FH1KtGIH+ ENEFG H KG+tFHEG1EtH IH I5FHPGEIH H 55t1G E5tGNGIHQHE5I+ P, 1 1G Et+GEt, x5tG 1 55t1G IFH++H Nt+ EFH P H 5 +H tNz 1 FNEt b1GN FH1H Et+GF I

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    GF55H, KH+ 1H I 1 EGLGIH+Q H1 bG5 E55G5 EH+1G 5, jNL H5 tE55b5PEt5Q2Q G5H 5 I5j 1G5 5L+GE G IH P G FHEEFHEGN, H 5H IH??6; EH 5+IH+ b1GN EIFGIH KG+G FHE++ FHEIEFGNIGI GH5 IGIH5t+GLGIH5Q22Q H FG5H 1 P5t H, H EGLGIH+ I 5KH+tG+ H K+HtHFHNH ??6, 1Gz P G Et+GF I GF55H IH tKH b1GNQHE5I+GEIH P 1 5 +H tEG F+GIH 1 FHEjEtH I G+PH5 KG5tG5 1 1 55t1G HK+GFHEGN EIH5 6,jNL H5 tE5 5LEt5Q2VQ ; H 5 +H 1H1EtG+ H G+PH KG+G IEt+H I 1GKG5tG F+GIG K+G1Et, G H+G I F+G H IH G+PH 5+ 1HIFGIG KG+G G 151G H+G I F+G H IG KG5tGQ24Q A IGtG I F+G H IH G+PH G 5tG+ I GFH+IH FH1 G IGtG FHEL+GIG EH 55t1GQJNL H5 K+ x1H5 tE5,++Et5 GH 5H I F+tFG H ILtGN I G55EGt+G ILtGN EG F+G H I IHF1EtH5Q2ZQ 1 F+tFGIH ILtGN KHI 5+ 1tIH KG+G P 1 5 +H G55E F+KtHL+G 1E5GLE5 I FH++H Nt+ EFHQ20Q 6H+ K+EF KH, FHE5I+GC5 P PGNP+ IHF1EtH G55EGIH ILtGN1Et 5t F+KtHL+GGIHQO?RA; 6ROMA;O6B33?AR3;Q# ;A63 * 3R=3ORA? #####HE5I+GEIH G L+G GF1G, PN5t+G 1G jGENG IH EIH5 3xKNH++ 5EIH xFtGIG 1 1 FH1KtGIH+ FjH55t1G HK+GFHEGN H EIH5 6, jNL H5 tE5 G 5L+QQ A KG5tG # 1G 5bKG5tG IG KG5tG #2Q 6G+G 5 t+GE5++ H G+PH G55HFGIH GH FHE #KG+G GKG5tG# , 5FEt FNFG+ 55 FHE G++G5t CNH KG+G G ++IG KG5tGQVQ O EIH5 6 1 55t1G HK+GFHEGNQ 6H+tGEtH, L+EFG H5 I5KH5tH5 G55HFGIH5GH5 FHE5 G 5L+Q#4Q AH 5 FNFG+ H FHE #FH1 H bHt H I+tH IH 1H5,

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    jNL H5 tE5 5b5PEt5QV A F KG bGF.K 5GIG KNH 55t1G HK+GFHEGN FH1 H HbjtH I LG+GEt+ G +5tG+G H IG EH+1G HQO EIH5 6 K+1t +GNzG+ bGF.K EF+1EtGN, EH PGN 5H1Et 5 H FHKGIH5, Et+ H5 G+PH55NFHEGIH5, H5 G+PH5 1HIFGIH5 EH IG FH++EtQ4Q A Bx+G IH EIH5 1 NHFGN 5GIH KG+G G+1GzEG+ t1KH+G+G1Et H5 G+PH5 H KG5tG5 xFN IH5 IHI5FH + LIH G xFN5 H I tE5 I 1G EIGI I +I K+1GEEt, H 5jG, 555 tE5 E H 5 H EGIH5 KG+G G Bx+GQZQ O GKNFGtH EIH5 3xKNH++, P KHI 5+ xFtGIH G KG+t+ IH 1E @EFG+, K+1t GF55G+ G KG5tG 5DHF1EtH5 KH+ 1H IH FG1EH :DHF1Et5 GEI;ttEL55 IHF1EtH5Q0Q AHK H I t+HFG I 5 +H5, GK 5 G +GNzG H IH NHLE EH 55t1G EIH5 6, K+1t G xF H I tG+G5 KH+ 1 5 +H 51 G Et++ EFG I Ht+H 5 +H,

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    txtH KG+G 1G +G I t+GE5+ EFG, +t+GEIHCH IEtG1Et IH NHFGN HEI H L+GIH, FHEFIG FH1H: A) +FH+tG+ ) FHNG+ ) G++G5tG+ D)FHKG+ 3) GKNFG+Q0Q (DO@?RACA6A3D@O2) H ; H+I 2V, G bG++G 1P xbIH H EH1 IH K+HL+G1G P 5t 5EIH xFtGIH H EH1 IH IHF1EtH GtH FHEFIG FH1H bG++G I: A) 5tGt5 ) ++G1EtG5 )tG+G5 D) t tNH5 3) 1E5QXQ (R@OCD@3D@O29) H F+H5Ht H+I, GtFNG I E H X GtG G ++G1EtGA) FNG55FG+Q) H+1GtG+ 6G+ L+GHQ) t+GIz+ txtH KG+G Ht+H IH1GQD) +FG+ H+tHL+GGQ3) 5GNG+ 1 H+1GtHKIQ8Q (3?ROC3D@O29) O +GL1EtH GbGxH, +t+GIH IH H+I 2V, Gz KG+t IGbG++G I ++G1EtG5#G) D5EHQb) R5 HQF) H+1GtG HQI) M5GN G5FQ) @1GL1Q # ;A63 * 3R=3ORA? ####Q HE5I+ G 5LEt KNGENG EH F+H5Ht 3xFN:#

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