XXXII

respublikuri dialeqtologiuri

samecniero sesiis

masalebi

2012

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universitetis

arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebisinstituti

akaki wereTlis saxelobis quTaisis saxelmwifouniversiteti

XXXII

respublikuri dialeqtologiurisamecniero sesiis

m a s al e b i

quTaisi

2012 wlis 16-17 noemberi

eZRvneba prof. b e s a r i o n j o r b e n a Z i s

dabadebis 70 wlisTavs

Tbilisi2012

samecniero dialeqtologiuri sesia gaixsneba 2012 wlis16 noembers, quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelobis saxelmwifo uni-versitetSi (mwvane darbazSi).

misamarTi: q. quTaisi, Tamar mefis #59

r e g l a m e n t i

momxsenebels _ 10 wuTimsJelobaSi monawiles _ 5 wuTi

redaqtori: prof. giorgi gogolaSvili

3

m u S a o b i s g e g m a

16 noemberi, 12 saaTi

s e s i i s g a x s n a

m i s al m e b e b i : akaki wereTlis sax. quTaisis saxelmwifouniversitetis reqtori prof. giorgi RavTaZe

arn. Ciqobavas sax. enaTmecnierebis institutisdireqtori, prof. lali ezugbaia

giorgi gogolaSvili _ besarion jorbenaZe da qarTuli dia-leqtologiis sakiTxebi

I seqcia, 13 saaTi

(mwvane darbazi)

xelmZGvanelebi: prof. a. arabuli, prof. r. saGinaZe

1. a. a r a b ul i, erTi uZvelesi Sereuli paradigmis gamovle-nisaTvis erTi dialeqtis farglebSi

2. e. b e r i Z e, zmnis piriani da upiro formebi nigalSi

3. T. lo m T a Z e, m. q a c a r a v a, sasaubro leqsikis markirebisa-Tvis qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonebSi

4. m. k i k v a Z e, qarTuli leqsika klarjTa Turqul metyvelebaSi

5. T. g o g ol a Z e, grigol robaqiZe qarTuli enis Sesaxeb

6. i. r u s a Z e, ilia Wyonias `sityvis konaSi~ saba-sulxan orbe-lianisa da daviT CubinaSvilis leqsikonebSi gamotovebulisityvebi (wignis gamocemidan 100 wlisTavis gamo)

7. m. G lo n t i, kiTxviTi -a nawilakis funqciuri kvalifikaci-isaTvis qarTuli enis dialeqtebsa da qarTul oTxTavSi

8. n. w ul e i s k i r i, eqvTime TayaiSvili Woroxis `baseinis~sociolingvisturi profilis Sesaxeb

4

9. n. j o r b e n a Z e, enobrivi ekonomia da qarTuli enis dialeq-tebi

10. n. f x a k a Z e, lingvokulturuli fenomeni da dialeqti

11. i. C a C a n i Z e, nikolo makiavelis lingvisturi Tvalsawieri:polemikuri dialogi enis Taobaze

II seqcia, 13 saaTi

(sakonferencio darbazi)

xelmZGvanelebi: prof. v. Sengelia, prof. m. Cuxua

1. l. e z u g b a i a, ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi megrul-lazurSi

2. S. g a b e s k i r i a, xorbleulis aRmniSvneli ori sityvis Se-saxeb qarTulSi (`doli~, `puri~)

3. o. m e m i S i S i, brunvaTa funqciebi lazurSi4. v. S e n g e l i a, megruli kaT- Ziris Sesaxeb

5. m. b u k i a, qarTvelur-afxazuri lingvokulturuli urTier-Tobis istoriidan _ VI. saomari iaraGis aGmniSvneli leqsika

6. l. g i g l e m i a n i, ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ

7. l. T a n d i l a v a, msgavsi fonetikuri cvlilebebi lazursada SavSurSi

8. c. j a n j R a v a, zmnuri mimarTvis Sesaxeb megrulSi

9. n. o T i n a S v il i, mcenareTa saxelwodebebis SeswavlisaTvis

10. m. k o b e r i Z e, zedsarTavsaxeliani toponimebi fronesxeobis qarTlurSi

5

17 noemberi, 10 saaTi

I seqcia

(mwvane darbazi)

1. r. s a R i n a Z e , zogierTi nasaxelari zmnis semantikisaTvisimerulSi

2. r. W i k a Z e, drois gadawevis faqtori semiotikur WrilSiSignikaxuris mixedviT

3. r. z e q a l a S v il i, sityvasityviTi nawilakebi qarTulienis dialeqtebSi

4. m. b a r a m i Z e, eqspedicia qarTvel muhajirTa STamomavlebTan(winaswari moxseneba)

5. z. k i k v i Z e, dialeqtis literaturuli funqciebi qarTulmwerlobaSi

6. n. W o x o n el i Z e, kuTvnilebiTi kompozitebi r. inaniSvilissamwerlo enis mixedviT

7. n. x a x i a S v il i, x i bl - sityvis istoriul-etimologiurianalizi

8. e. d a d i a n i, -c nawilakiani formebi taourSi9. m. b a r i x a S v il i, mose janaSvili `ingilouri loGaTis~

Sesaxeb8. T. g u C u a, qarTuli enis kompozitTa modelebi uSualo Se-

madgenlebis analizis meTodis mixedviT9. e. v a w a Z e, fatikuri komunikacia saliteraturo enasa da

dialeqtSi10. m. m e q v a b i S v il i, jumaTis gurulis zogi fonetikuri

Taviseburebis Sesaxeb11. m. k u x a l a S v il i, kiTxviTi a nawilakis adgilisaTvis

qarTul dialeqtTa Soris12. x. y a n d a S v il i, mravalgzisobis gamoxatva vaJa-fSavelas

SemoqmedebaSi

6

II seqcia

(sakonferencio darbazi)

1. m. C u x u a, zedsarTav saxelTa brunebis erTi Taviseburebi-saTvis megrulSi

2. q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, pirobiTi kilo svanur enaSi

3. e. S e n g e l i a, samoslis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli xelsa-wyoebis saxelwodebani megrul-lazurSi

4. k. m i T a g v a r i a, xmabaZviTi sityvebis zogi sakiTxisaTvis

5. m. s a l i a, `uzeke~ leqsemisaTvis megrulSi

6. n. S a v r e S i a n i, m. s a Gl i a n i, ÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÏ äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒÉßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

7. l. k e l a u r a Z e, qarTul-zanuri T : svanuri ST/Sd/St bge-raTfardobis axleburi interpretaciisaTvis buruSulienis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT

8. p. j a f a r i Z e, qarTveluri Zirebi da qarTul-aRmosavluriizoglosebi

9. d. k a k a S v il i, SeniSvnebi Zveli gavazis (axalsoflis)toponimikis Sesaxeb

10. n. f o n i a v a, afxazebiT dasaxlebuli aWaris soflebistoponimiidan

konferenciis daxurva

7

a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i (Tbilisi)

erTi uZvelesi Sereuli paradigmis gamovlenisaTviserTi dialeqtis farglebSi

cnobilia, rom `arsebobis~ gamomxatveli ZiriTadi zmna e.w. Sereuli paradigmis saxiT aris warmodgenili Tanamedrovesaliteraturo qarTulSi; Sdr.:

v-arx-arar-i-s

aSkaraa, rom fuZis sufiqsuri elementi mxolod mesame pi-ris formas moepoveba. a.SaniZis miTiTebiT: `v-ar. am zmnas mar-to awmyos mwkrivis formebi aqvs... ar fuZes eyrdnoba 1-li dame-2 piris formebi (v-ar, x-ar; v-ar-T, x-ar-T), me-3 pirSi kimwkrivis niSanic moipoveba: ar-i-s, ar-i-an. Zvel saliteraturoqarTulSi es i zogjer 1-li da me-2 piris formebSic ixmare-boda (vari, maT. 27, 43; xari, maT. 14, 33; `Semwe da mƒsneli Ce-mi xari Sen~, fs. 39, 22), magram me-3 piris forma yovelTvisuino iyo: ar-s. am `ars~ formisagan modis Semoklebuli a: di-di-a (< didi ars), kaci-a, tkbili-a da misT.~

damafiqrebelia, rom am Sereuli paradigmis orive fuZevlindeba xevsuruli dialeqtis kilokavebSi:

piraqeTul-arxotulSi: v-ar (> or)x-ara-s (< ar-s)

Satilur-miRmaxeurSi:v-ar-ix-ar-iar-i-s (ufro meSvelzmnian formebSi).

mag.: `kaxos uTurga dasWexda: `ƒevsurn ver xariT cdiTao~(xevs. p. 182, 15).

es sxvaoba ganapirobebs imas, rom piraqeTulSi meSvelizmna enklitikurad erwymis winamaval saxels: kaci-or; magram

8

calke mdgomi erTeulia miRmaxeurSi: kac vari...meore mxriv, es gansxvaveba ganapirobebs mis aseTsave gamo-

yenebas aRweriT (meSvelzmnian) formebSi; Sdr.:masul-aris da masul-as

mesame mxriv, amave Sereul fuZeTagan Cans momdinare xevsu-rulis absoluturi (statikuri) da relatiur-gardauvali dagardamavali zmnebis pirveli TurmeobiTis me-3 piris daboloe-bebi:

erTi mxriv: Rbav-i-s, xyrav-i-s, maumkav-i-s...meore mxriv: Saxyriv-a-s (< Saxyriv-ars _ al. WinWarauli),

zdgmiv-a-s...

m a i a b a r a m i Z e (baTumi)

eqspedicia qarTvel muhajirTa STamomavlebTan

(winaswari moxseneba)

2012 wlis ivlisSi rsu humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakul-tetis qarTvelologiis institutis mudmivmoqmedi eqspediciaproeqtis _ `muhajirebi~ farglebSi swavlobda XIX saukunis70-80-ian wlebSi saqarTvelodan TurqeTSi wasuli qarTvelimosaxleobis STamomavalTa yofas, kulturas, metyvelebas,folklors.

aWaris sxvadasxva regionidan wasulebi _ aWareli, maWaxle-li, qobuleTeli... muhajirebi TurqeTis teritoriaze sacxov-reblad irCevdnen iseT adgilebs, romlebic bunebrivi pirobe-biT hgavda maT mSobliur kuTxes; kompaqturad dasaxlebulebiicavdnen da icaven TavianT tradiciebs, enas; ufro zustad,TavianTi kuTxis metyvelebis Taviseburebebs.

eqspediciam imuSava ordus vilaieTis muhajirTa STamomav-lebiT dasaxlebul soflebSi.

9

muhajirTa STamomavlebis metyvelebaSi gamoiyofa sxvadasxvakilokavi: qobuleTuri, zemoaWaruli, maWaxluri. gansxvavebazeam kilokavTa Soris TviT iqaurebi laparakoben, mag. Curuqsu-elma mTxrobelma agvixsna: `kakali~ _ Cven vityviT `nigozi~;CvenTan: `aq moi, cav~, aWarlebi da Cemi gogos sofelSi: `moi,gov~; Cven vityviT `bawari~, aWarlebi _ `Tokvi~; `ficari~ _Cven sofelSi `Zeli~, ficari arakacma ar icis.

muhajirebis STamomavalTa metyvelebaSi daculia is Tavise-burebebi, romlebic dResac dasturdeba im regionebis metyve-lebaSi, saidanac arian wasulebi maTi winaprebi. rac gansakuT-rebiT sayuradReboa, maT metyvelebas daucavs zogierTi iseTimovlena, romelic aWarulsa da SavSurSi daviwyebas mieca.

urTierTobis gafarToebam, gaTxoveba-daqorwinebam aRniS-nuli kuTxeebis metyvelebaSi zogi ram Secvala: gaCnda parale-luri fonetikuri, gramatikuli formebi, leqsikuri erTeule-bi. ase, magaliTad: qobuleTel muhajirTa STamomavlebis me-tyvelebaSi dasturdeba maWaxluri kilokavis nimuSebi da piri-qiT.

muhajirTa STamomavlebis qarTulSic SavSurisa da klarju-lis msgavsad gvxvdeba zogierTi sityvis mniSvnelobis gafar-Toebis SemTxvevebi: adga _ xmarebidan gavida; gavaqcie _ movi-tace; saqmobs _ muSaobs, msaxurobs; cqvitad - Cqara, swra-fad...

SavSurisa da klarjulisagan gansxvavebiT muhajirTa STamo-mavlebis qarTulSi SedarebiT naklebia Turqizmebi. ase, maga-liTad: maidanozi (oxraxuSi), axraba (naTesavi), Toruni

(SviliSvili)... muhajirebTan maT enacvlebaT: makido, monaTe-si, badiSi...

muhajirTa STamomavlebis metyvelebis kvleva mxolod da-wyebulia. ZiriTadi da didi samuSao winaa.

10

m a i a b a r i x a S v i l i (Tbilisi)

mose JanaSvili `ingilouri loGaTis~ Sesaxeb

mose janaSvilis mecnieruli memkvidreoba mravalferova-nia. mis mravalricxovan Sromebs Soris gansakuTrebuli adgi-li ukavia `saingilos~, romelic 1913 wels eqvTime TayaiSvi-lis redaqtorobiT saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografiokrebulSi daibeWda (`Zveli saqarTvelo~, t. II, gany. IV, eTnog-rafia, gv.51-276) naSromSi saingilos Sesaxeb informacia Te-maturad aris warmodgenili. monografiis erT-erT TavSi `in-gilouri loRaTi~ vrclad aris ganxiluli ingilouri dia-leqtis Taviseburebebi. avtors `loRaTi~ Semdegnairad aqvsganmartebuli: loRaT _ laparaki, kilo, saubari, berZn. (lo-Ros). dialeqtis lingvisturi analizis Semdeg naSroms da-rTuli aqvs ingilouri teqstebi da leqsikoni.

dasaxelebuli naSromis pirveli mecnieruli Semfasebeliprof. akaki SaniZe iyo. igi Tavis recenziaSi wers, rom mose ja-naSvilis `saingilo~ pirveli fundamenturi wignia am kuTxisSesaxeb. iqve dasZens, rom naSromis lingvisturi nawili Cafiq-rebulia kargad, Tumca Sesrulebulia sustad. misi azriT,TvalSisacemia isic, rom leqsikonic naCqarevadaa Sesrulebuli.

vfiqrobT, Zalian mniSvnelovania am teqstebisa da leqsi-konis lingvisturi damuSaveba da redaqtireba, am masalis gan-Tavseba dialeqtur korpusSi, maTi integracia sxva dialeq-tur teqstebTan.

masalis analizisas gamovlinda ingilouri dialeqtisaTvisucxo fonetikur-fonologiuri, morfologiuri procesebi daleqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebsac vrclad warmovadgenT moxse-nebaSi akaki SaniZis recenziasTan erTad.

11

e T e r b e r i Z e (baTumi)

zmnis piriani da upiro formebi nigalSi

nigalis xeoba tao-klarjeTSi gamorCeulia. am regionSimcxovreb qarTvelebs jer kidev SenarCunebuli aqvT mSobliuriena, aq qarTuli dResac cocxalia da ganagrZobs arsebobas.

nigalis xeobis mosaxleoba istoriuli bedukuRmarTobisgamo wlebis win ayrila mSobliuri adgilebidan da TurqeTissxvadasxva qalaqSi gadasaxlebula. asimilaciis kvali atyviaiqaurTa metyvelebas.

nigaluri qarTuli mravalmxriv ipyrobs mkvlevarTayuradRebas. qlaskuris murRulisa da deveskelis xeobebSi Se-morCenilia uZvelesi qarTuli leqsikuri erTeulebi, romel-Tagan gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa zmnuri formebi.

Cveni moxsenebis mizani swored nigalis xeobis CveneburTametyvelebaSi zmnur fuZeSi momxdari cvlilebebis gamovlenaa.SeZlebisdagvarad SevecadeT nigaluri zmnebi Segvedarebinasxva samxruli kiloebis zmnebTan.

zogan zmnis forma mTlianad qarTulia, zogan Ziri Tur-qulia, afiqsebi-qarTuli. TvalSisacemia zmnebSi zmniswinTada TemisniSanTa monacvleobis SemTxvevebi.

1. a) zmnebi qarTuli fuZiT:`baxSin daaben dodofals (baxSini-saCuqari) (devesqeli);`viparikoT // viWuWunoT~;`uwindeli racxaebi viparikoT~ (baginis iaila);`meiyaren da Tqves viWuWunoTo~ (bagini); Sdr. WuWuni-

tkbilad laparaki (gur.imer.aWar.).koW-av-s (kinavs) kravs, grexs, abams _ `imis memre kinas ko-

Wavs~ (devesqeli) Sdr. koWva (gur.) SekoWva, Sekvra (al. Rlonti).moWiWy-av-s _ mozels, aurevs: `daacxeb da moWiWyav~

(devesqeli); Sdr. WiWyva (aWar.) _ Semokvra.muuTqm-eb-en-simReras mouTqvamen//etyvian//miumRereben;muuSen-ev-s _ miuSenebs;

12

Segxud-av-T _ yuradRebis miqceva: `Tqveni sakadri verSegxudavT~ (araveTi);

b) saxelzmna qarTuli fuZiT:masxruba _ masxroba, xumroba: `emiaSvili myava, masxruba

uyvarda~ (devesqeli);moworeba _ mosworeba: `suaRi moworeba iqneba~

(devesqeli);moqsonili _ moqsovili: `Cveni moqsonili araa,

istambolidan iyideben~ (xeba);2. zmnis Ziri Turqulia, afiqsi-qarTuli:ga-a-yirmz-av-s = (Turq. kirmizi) _ wiTeli; SeawiTlebs,

gaawiTlebs: `miwixap gavayirmizavT~ (baginis iaila);ga-duz-av-s = gaasworebs (duz-swori): `imis memre betons

davasxavT, gavduzavT~ (devesqeli);gu-u _ hazir-eb-s = moumzadebs (hazir _ mzad): `saWmeli

guuhazire~ (xeba);ga-sir-av-d-eb-a = rigSi Cadgebian (sira _ rigi): `arabebi

gasiravdebian~ (devesqeli);a-baxSiS-eb-en = asaCuqreben ( bahşıs _ saCuqari); `memre

sizes abaxSiSeben~ (xeba);sainteresoa zmnis paraleluri formebi:isameben // tans iqmen = icekveben: `xalxi tans iqmen~

(devesqeli);xSirad zmnis upiro formasTan piriani formaa darTuli:Wmeva arian // arian Wama = saWmels aWmeven (TeTriwylis

iaila);moxsenebaSi vrclad iqneba ganxiluli nigalis xeobis zmnis

pirian da upiro formaTa Taviseburebani.

13

m a n a n a b u k i a (Tbilisi)

qarTvelur-afxazuri lingvokulturuliurTierTobis istoriidan _ VI.saomari iaraGis aGmniSvneli leqsika

saukunovani istoriuli urTierTobidan gamomdinare, bu-nebrivia, qarTvelursa da afxazurSi mravlad iZebneba saomariiaraRis aRmniSvneli saerTo leqsika. saukuneebis manZilze sa-brZolo saWurveli istoriuli viTarebis Sesabamisad icvlebo-da, icvleboda misi aRmniSvneli terminebic. istoriuli rea-liebi mkafiod aisaxa enobriv masalaSi.

terminTa erTi nawili afxazurSi qarTulidanaa SeTvise-buli da adrindel nasesxobas warmoadgens:

boZali `orwvera isari~, borzali (megr.) `boZali, orwve-ra isari; Subi~, bozal (svan.) `id~ > a-bHrzal `orlesuli Su-bi~. sityva afxazurSi megrulidanaa Sesuli.

maWaxela `kuTx. (imer. gur.) kaJiani Tofi~,> a-maCx°al`afxazuri Tofis (!!!) gansakuTrebuli saxeoba~ (Sayrili, 1986,436); afxazuri forma qarTulidanaa SeTvisebuli. dasavlurdialeqtebSi kargad cnobili maWaxela aWaraSi, sof. maWaxelSimzaddeboda, aqedan modis misi saxelwodebac.

filTa `kuTx. (imer. gur.) `igivea, rac filTa Tofi~filTa (megr.) `filTa~, filiTùÁ / filiTù / filTa / fili-

TaÁ (svan.) `filTa Tofi~ > a-filTa `filTa, filTa Tofi~.bzifurSi am mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba a-majir; abJuurSi SeTvise-bulia qarTulidan.

franguli `Zv. erTgvari xmali~ > a-Frang½ `1. xmlis saxeo-ba, 2. Tofis saxeoba~, 3. foladis saxeoba~; `umaRlesi xarisxisfoladi~. vvaraudobT, rom afxazuri forma qarTulidanaa Se-Tvisebuli.

qarTulis meSveobiT unda iyos SeTvisebuli afxazurSi sa-Wurvlis aRmniSvneli aRmosavlurenovani samyaros kuTvniliramdenime sityva:

14

spars. abzâr / afzâr / avzâr > qarT. abjari, megr. anjari `rki-neuli samuSao iaraRi~, svan. abjçr / habjçr `abjari~ > afx. ab-

jar `saomari iaraRi~;spars. xančal > qarT. xanjali > afx. a-hanjal `didi dana~;spars. behbõd `saomari dana~ > qarT. bebuTi > afx. a-be-

buT `bebuTi~;spar. jayå `patara dana~ > qarT. jayva `jibiT satarebeli

patara, dasakeci dana~, megr. jayva `dana~, svan. jayÍ / jayÍaÁ

`jayva, jibis dana~ > afx. a-jay°a (abJ.) (janaSia, 1954, 447) / a-

Cakà (bz.) `jayva, jibis dana, kalmis dana~;Turq. silâh `iaraRi~ > aWar., gur. silaqi / silaRi > afx.

a-S°aq½ `Tofi~. marTalia, Turqizmebi afxazurSi ZiriTadaduSualod TurqebTan urTierTobis Sedegad Cndeboda, magramCvens SemTxvevaSi afxazuri formis auslautis palatalizebu-li ukanaenismieris gaCena gvavaraudebinebs, rom is qarTulisaxelobiTi brunvis niSnis refleqsi unda iyos.

SedarebiT axali nasesxobebia orsave enobriv erTeulSiSemdegi sityvebi:

zarbazani [sp. zarbøzøn] `msxvili yalibis cecxlsasroliiaraRi, qvemexi~, zabarzani (megr.) `zarbazani~ _ a-bzarbzan

`zarbazani~. g. maWavariani miiCnevs, rom afxazurSi qarTulida-naa nasesxebi.

laRumi `zogi feTqebadi nivTierebis saerTo saxeli~, la-

Rumi (megr.) `naRmi, dinamiti~, laRum (svan.) `naRmi~ _ a-

laR°Hm `laRumi~ (janaSia, 1954, 168); a. Sagirovi miiCnevs, romafxazurisTvis sesxebis Sualeduri rgoli qarTulia.

nagani `erTgvari sistemis mbrunavcilindriani revolveri~_ a-nagan, anagan tapanCa `nagani~.

SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom erTmaneTisagan damoukidebladSevida qarTvelursa da afxazurSi arab.-spars. yama. Sdr.: yama(gur.) `mrgvalwvera satevari~, yama (megr.) `xanjali~, kama

(laz.) `didi dana, xanjali~ _ a-yama `xanjali, satevari. sityvagvaqvs kavkasiis mraval enaSi: yama (abaz.) `xanjali~, yamø (yab.),yøma (ubix.), Rama (CeCn.) `daSna~, yama / yøma (os.) `xanjali~.

15

Cven Segnebulad avarideT Tavi orsave enaSi uaxloesiramdenime aTwleulis manZilze SeTvisebul saWurvlis aRmniS-vnel sityvebis ganxilvas. am SemTxvevaSi sesxebis mimarTulebiskvleva Wirs da mniSvnelovani daskvnebis gakeTebis SesaZleblo-ba naklebia.

S a l v a g a b e s k i r i a (Tbilisi)

xorbleulis aRmniSvneli ori sityvisSesaxeb qarTulSi (`doli~, `puri~)

samecniero literaturaSi saqarTveloze, rogorc xor-blis uZveles keraze msoflioSi, bevri aris dawerili, racsxvadasxva profilis mecnierebis SedegebiT dasturdeba. speci-alur literaturaSi aRwerilia xorblis 14 endemuri da 130saxesxvaoba, romelTagan zogierTi ekotipi mxolod saqarTve-loSi gvxvdeba.

moxsenebaSi saubaria qarTulSi cnobili pureulis ori saxe-lis Sedgeniloba-warmomavlobaze da sxva sistemis enebSi foneti-kurad da mniSvnelobiT msgavs terminebTan maT urTierTobaze.

1. doli, dolis puri`xorbleulis jiSi`, doli :uWvavo ifqli~ ( s.s.orbeliani)

`rbili, saSemodgomo xorbali~doli fuZis armoRweuli varianti dili savaraudod gamo-

iyofa sityvaSi qrTili (`saSemodgomo qeri~), romelic miRebu-li Cans kompozit *qer-dilidan (qer-ifqli). Tavis mxriv, qer-dili *qerdolisgan unda momdinareobdes qer-doli > qer-du-li > qerdili (o.kaxaZe); doli raWul dialeqtSi dola for-miTacaa cnobili. dols ukavSirdeba toponimi dolis yana. Se-saZloa, doli da doladan momdinareobdes piris saxelebi do-li da dola, romlebic gvarsaxelebSi-doliZe, doliSvili,dolaberiZeSi unda iyos amosacnobi.

16

qarTul sityvad miCneuli doli (i.javaxiSvili) sxva eneb-Sicaa gadasuli: rusuli dialeqturi( saratovi) дыль `mar-cvalSi pureuli nivTiereba~, osuri Zūl , Zol `xorblis puri~,darguuli c’uli, akuSur dialeqtSi zulha `puri~. qarTuli do-li, dialeqturi dola > CuvaSuri tul, tula `xorbali~, `asli~.

2. puripuri rogorc Zveli, aseve axali qarTuli enis leqsikis

aqtiur fonds miekuTvneba. qarTul saliteraturo enaSi amsityvis ori mTavari mniSvnelobaa: 1. puri (xorbleulis moze-lili fqvilisgan gamomcxvari adamianis sakvebi) 2. xorbaliTriticum (Sdr. puris yana) .

es termini sxvadasxva formiT farTodaa gavrcelebuli in-doevropul enebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki slavuri da balturiStoebis enebSi , sadac igi ZiriTadad mcenares (`xorbali~,`Wanga~, `asli~) aRniSnavs. Zveli berZnuli puros `xorbali~ ,sanskriti, hindi pūri `kveri~ (`puri mrgvali~ _ s. s. orbeliani).

gansaxilveli sityvis warmomavlobaze ori TvalsazrisiagamoTqmuli: a.nasesxobaa b. Zireul qarTulia.

a. berZnuli warmoSobisaa (i.javaxiSvili, g. meliqiSvili,o.kaxaZe, r. gordeziani), romelime indoevropuli enidanaa na-sesxebi (v. georgievi), pelasguridan aris SeTvisebuli (i. kar-sti). moxsenebis avtoris azriT, puros Zvel berZnul enaSi sub-stratuli pelasguri fuZea, romelic qarTulma enam Semoinaxa.

T. gamyreliZe da v. ivanovi, romlebic pureulis am saxelsindoevropul enaTa masalis mixedviT gaaanalizes, fuZis wina-saxed *phur ivaraudes. maT por migraciul terminad miaCniaTTurqul enebSi .

b. qarTuli sityvaa, romelic qarTvelur enaTa monaceme-biT SiZleba aixsnas (g. rogava, a. oniani, a. uruSaZe, m. Cuxua).`puri~ Sedarebulia qarTvelur dialeqtebSi cnobil sxvadas-xva sityvasTan. dasavleT saqarTvelodan aRmosavlur dialeq-tebSi Sesuladaa miCneuli poSola `xorbleulis saxeoba~(`Cveulebrivi (rbili) xorblis sagazafxulo ufxo jiSis sa-xelwodeba qarTlsa da kaxeTSi _ qegl VI 276 ), (dial.) (qizi-

17

yuri) poSola, proSola `pureulis jiSi~, `poSola, maxa (le-Cxumuri) puris jiSia, grZeli da brtyeli TavTavi icis~. sxvamosazrebiT, qarTuli `puris~ Sesatyvisi aris svanuri puS

(`erTgvari saWmeli balaxi~). mecnierTa azriT, aq qarTvelurienebisTvis damaxasiaTebel r:S bgeraTmonacveobasTan gvaqvs sa-qme, romelic morfologiuri Sesatyvisobaa (g. rogava), fone-tikuri xasiaTisaa (a. oniani).

gansaxilveli termini sxvadasxva formiTa da `puris~ mniS-vnelobiT dasturdeba upiratesad e.w. samxreTarabulis ramde-nime enaSi: harsusi, mehri, Sahri, iemenuri, kunZul sokotrisarabul metyvelebaSi Semdegi mniSvnelobebiT: `marcvali~, `si-mindi~, `xorbali~: bor _ sokotri, bohr _ Sahri, ber _ me-hri, berr _ harsusi. aRniSnuli mniSvnelobiT da bar formi-Taa cnobili igi Zvel ebraulSi. bur `xorblis~ mniSvnelobiTdamkvidrda arabuli saliteraturo enis leqsikur fondSic .

xorbleulis saxelTa `epicentridan~ _ saqarTvelodansemitur enobriv samyaroSi Sesvlis TvalsazrisiT mxedveloba-Sia misaRebi agreTve miwaTmoqmedebis iseTi mniSvnelovani iara-Ris qarTuli saxelis semitur enebis leqsikur maragSi Sesvla,rogoricaa namgali > arabuli minjal.

CuvaSTa winaprebis volgispireTSi migraciis Sedegad păr,boray formiT SeiTvisa ramdenime yivCaRurma enam: CuvaSuri,TaTruli, baSkiruli, yazaxuri Sedgenili boray-s saxiT, rome-lic, rotacizmiT CuvaSurs emsgavseba da amdenad igi erTimxriv CuvaSuri păr -isa da meore mxriv saerTo Turquli buğ-day- s kontaminaciiT miRebuli gvgonia .

ungrelTa winaprebis uralSi cxovrebisas maTi CuvaSebTankontaqtebis dros Zveli bulgarulidan r>z gadasvliT `xor-blis~ mniSvnelobiT ungrul enaSi damkvidrda bόza.

CuvaSuridan sityva imave formiTa da mniSvnelobiT isesxamezobelma finur-ugrulma enam - Ceremisulma (mariulma). igiveterminTan unda gvqondes aseve volgispireli monRolebis yal-muxTa enaSi bayr `asli~ , Sdr. agreTve koreuli pore `qeri`.

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i. javaxiSvili Tavdapirvel mniSvnelobad `sakvebs~ varau-dobda . Cveni azriT, gansaxilveli qarTuli sityvis winaresaxesavaraudod unda iyos *puri, amosavali semantika ki `xorblissaxesxvaoba, puri`. varauds sxva sistemis enebSi (indoevropu-li, semituri, alTauri) Sesuli qarTuli fuZis zemomoyvani-li mniSvnelobebic amyarebs. am kuTxiT gasaTvaliswinebeliawinaberZnuli toponimebic: πυρανδος qalaqi k. kretaze, rome-lic Tavisi SedgenilobiT `xorblians~ niSnavs. berZnul -nTsufiqss Seesatyviseba qarTuli daboloebebi -ian-Ta, an-Ta, -Ta:gurianTa, biWvinTa, wunda da sxv., agreTve πυρασοσ qalaqi Te-saliaSi.

moxsenebaSi gamoTqmulia varaudi, rom xorbleulis sa-mSoblo saqarTveloa. indoevropul, afraziul, alTaur enebSiZiriTadad `xorblis~ mniSvnelobiT cnobili sityvebisTvisamosavali qarTuli termini `puri~ aris. xorblis saxeobis me-ore saxelwodeba `dolic~ qarTulidanaa waRebuli rogorcmezobel xalxTa enebSi (osuri, darguuli), aseve CrdiloeTiT_ volgispireTSi mcxovreb xalxTa enebsa da kilo-kavebSi.

am enaTmecnierul mosazrebas mecnierebis sxva dargebis-botanikis, geografia-ekologiis, arqeologiis, eTnologiis mo-nacemebic uWers mxars.

lel a g i gle m i a n i (Tbilisi)

ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ

ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÃÀ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ, ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ, ÃÒÏÉÓÀ ÃÀ

ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍ ÓáÅÀÏÁÄÁÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÒÀÏÃÄÍÏÁÀ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ

ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÀÍÉÀ.

19

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØ-ÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ.

1. ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ: ÉÌÄÂ|ÉÌÄ (ÆÓ., ØÓ.) `ÓÀÃ", ÉÌÈÄ (ÁÆ.,

ÁØ., ËÛá., ÜÏË.), ÉÌÏá (ËÍÔ.) `ÓÀÉÈ, ÓÀÉÈÊÄÍ", ÉÌáðÍ (ÁÆ.), ÉÌáÄÍ

(ÁØ.), ÉÌÄá, ÉÌÄáÄÍ (ËÍÔ.) `ÓÀÉÃÀÍ", ÉÌÑÉ (ÆÓ., ØÓ.), ÉÌÑìÍ (ÁÆ., ËÛá.)

`ÒÏÂÏÒ", ÉÌÙÀ (ÆÓ., ËÛá., ÜÏË.), ÉÌÀÙÀ (ËÍÔ.) `ÒÀÔÏÌ", ÛÏÌÀ (ÆÓ.,

ØÓ.), ÛÏÌæÀ|ÛÏÌÀæÀ (ÁÆ.), ÛÏÌð (ÁØ.) ÃÀ À. Û.ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÊÉÈáÅÉÈ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À ×ÖÞÉÓÄÖËÉ

ÉÌ-ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ßÀÒÌÏÛÏÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÀ.

2. ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ: ÉÌæðО (ÁÆ.), ÉÌÂæðО, ÉÌÂæð (ÁØ.),ÉÌæêО|ÉÌÄО (ËÛá.), ÉÌðО|ÉÌÄО (ËÍÔ.) `ÓÀÃÀÝ", ÛÏÌæðО (ÁÆ.),

ÛÏÌð|ÛÏÌÀ (ÁØ.), ÛÏÌæêО (ËÛá.), ÛÏÌæêО (ËÍÔ.) `ÒÏÝÀ, ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ",ÉÌæóОÑì{Í} (ÁÆ.), ÉÌÂæðÑÉ (ÁØ.,), ÉÌæêОÑÉ (ËÛá.), ÉÌðОÑÉ (ËÍÔ.)`ÒÏÂÏÒÝ" ÃÀ ÓáÅ.

ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ, ÉÓÄÅÄ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ,

ÊÉÈáÅÉÈÉ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÍÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÀà ÌÉÉÜÍÄÅÀ, ÌÀÈÛÉ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁ-ËÀà ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À -É, -Î, -æðО ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ (Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ). ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ

ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÒÈÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÀÃ

ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ.

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i (Tbilisi)

besarion JorbenaZe da qarTuli dialeqtologiissakiTxebi

qarTuli dialeqtologia besarion jorbenaZis samecnieromoRvaweobis erT-erTi mTavari sferoa.

Tavisi fundamenturi monografiebiTa _ `qarTveluri ene-bi da dialeqtebi~ (1995), `qarTuli dialeqtologia~ (t.I _1989, t. II _ 1998, III t. gamosacemia) _ Tu calkeuli gamo-kvlevebiT b. jorbenaZem faqtobriv Seajama dialeqtologiuri

20

kvleva-Ziebis is etapi, romelsac me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi sa-fuZveli Cauyara akaki SaniZem.

Tavisi moRvaweobiT b. jorbenaZem saTave daudo CvenSi dia-leqtologiuri kvleva-Ziebis axal etaps.

T a m i l a g o g o l a Z e (gori)

grigol robaqiZe qarTuli enis Sesaxeb

1. grigol robaqiZe erTi im mweralTagania, romlisTvisacqarTuli enis sakiTxebi TiTqmis aucilebeli Semadgenelia hi-postatisa, ilia WavWavaZem rom Camoayaliba: `ena, mamuli, sa-rwmunoeba~. Tumca im gansxvavebiT, rom TiToeuli maTganisukan, robaqiZe qarTveli eris srul istorias gaisigrZeganebswarmarTuli epoqidan XX saukunemde, ase warmogvidgeba kidecmisi Sexedulebani qarTul enaze, qarTuli sityvis etimologi-aze publicistur Tu literaturul werilebSi `saqarTvelosxerxemali~, `mzis xana qarTvelTa~, `sakraluri wyoba~, `daviTaRmaSenebeli~, `marji saqarTvelos~, `mixeil wereTeli~ da sxva.

2. 1950 wels moskovSi gamarTul diskusiaze enis defini-ciisaTvis engelsiseuli formulis (ena `saSualeba urTier-TSoris gagebinebisa~) sapirispirod, grigol robaqiZe gamo-kveTs enis im specifikur Tvisebas, rogoricaa misi saazrovnofunqcia da mouwodebs qarTvel ers Cawvdes saqarTvelos co-cxal fesvebs: `mis genialur enas, mis universalur miToss, misheroul Tavgadasavals, mis xalas stils, mis sicocxlisa~;

3. swored aqedan gamomdinare, mwerali cdilobs, TiToeu-li Tu ara, zogierTi qarTuli sityvis arsi jer kidev warmar-Tul epoqaSi moiZios. amis magaliTad gamodgeba frzeologiz-mebis `Tvali mziuri~, `Tvali Casuli mtevanSi dakavSireba qar-TvelTa uZveles saTayvano simbolosTan, mzesTan; `cx~ kompleq-sis magiuri sawyisebis gamovlena sityvebSi: `sicocxle~, `ce-

21

cxli~, `mRvdelisa~ da `Rudvis~ warmomavloba kavSiris Ziebada sxva.

4. mimoixilavs ra nikolo miwiSvilis werils `fiqrebi sa-qarTveloze~, grigol robaqiZe mTawmindelebis Targmans `enis-qmnas~ uwodebs da gamokveTs maT genialobas;

5. dialeqtTan mimarTebaSi grgol robaqiZe met-naklebadTavisufalia, ramdenadac swored provincalizmSi xedavs erismTlianobas. da amavdroulad, misi sxvadasxva kuTxis origina-lobas. amisi dasturia miniSneba daviT kldiaSvilisaTvis dama-xasiaTebel imerizmze `ucnouria~ (daviT kldiaSvili), `bovu-Soo~ mixeil wereTelze mogonebidan erT epizodze (`mixeilwereTeli~), rasac grigol robaqiZe uwodebs `zemoimeruli ki-los~ erTgvar `akamaTlebas~ (aRniSnul sityvas `bavSi~ TviTmweralic iyenebs araerTgzis Tavis werilebSi);

6. mixeil wereTlis kvlevas qarTulisa da Sumerulis na-Tesaobis Sesaxeb grigol robaqiZe, erTi mxriv, sayuradRebodmiiCnevs da ayenebs metad saintereso SeniSvnebs qarTulis, ro-gorc `upirvandelesi~ enis Sesaxeb.

T a m a r g u C u a (quTaisi)

qarTuli enis kompozitTa modelebi uSualoSemadgenlebis analizis meTodis mixedviT

amerikuli deskrifciuli skolis wiaRSi SemuSavebuliuSualo SemadgenelTa meTodi, marTalia, analizis meTodad kiiwodeba, magram am meTodis procedurebSi garkvevisas cxadixdeba, rom aq saqme ufro aRwerasTan gvaqvs, vidre analizTan;aq mTavaria enobrivi faqtebis registracia da ara raimes gan-marteba. roca rTuli sityvebis uSualo SemadgenelTa mixed-viT aRweras movaxdenT, semantikisTvis gverdis avla mogvixde-ba. gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemi es nawarmoebi semantikis mqone

22

da unikaluri Semadgenlis Semcveli rTuli sityvebis aRweri-sas xdeba, radgan aseT kompozitebSi komponentebs Soris ara-nairi motivirebuli kavSiri ar Cans. magaliTad, Sdr. Wirnaxu-li, rogorc mosavalTan dakavSirebuli sityva da Wir naxuli/Wir nanaxi... msgavsi, metaforizaciis gziT miRebuli kompozi-tebia: gulmosuli, gulwasuli, gonebadamjdari, enamze da a.S.

Cveulebriv, uSualo SemadgenelTa mixedviT analizis me-Todi terminalur Tu araterminalur elementTa aRweras Se-sabamisi simboloebiT axdens, Tumca kompozitTa daSlisas ma-Ti nawili ver gamogvadgeba, nawilis SemoReba ki Cvenve mogvix-deba. mokled, rTuli sityvebis elementebs Semdegi simboloe-biT aRvwerT:

kompoziti _ C, arsebiTi saxelis jgufi _ NP, zedsar-Tavi saxelis jgufi _ AP, arsebiTi saxeli _ N, zedsarTavisaxeli _ A, ricxviTi saxeli _ NUM, zmnizeda _ Adv, bmu-li forma _ B, saderivacio afiqsi _ D, `da~ kavSiri _cop.

daSlis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa kopulatiuri kompozi-tebi. rogorc viciT, tolad Serwymuli saxelebi, Cveulebriv,defisiT iwereba. `da~ kavSiris funqcias aseT rTul sityvebSiswored defisi asrulebs. uSualo Semadgenlebad daSlisas ravuyoT defiss, rogorc nagulisxmev uSualo Semadgenels _`da~ kavSirs?

am sakiTxs mivyavarT meTodis iseT problemamde, rogori-caa damxmare sityvis mdgomareobis gansazRvra: CavTvaloT isdamoukidebel uSualo Semadgenlad Tu erT-erT uSualo Se-madgenels mivakuTvnoT? Tu am ukanasknel variants avirCevT,aseTi kiTxvis winaSe aRmovCndebiT: romel uSualo Semadge-nels mivakuTvnoT? qarTulSi sakmaod gvaqvs maerTebeli kavSi-rebi da ara mxolod gvaqvs, viyenebT kidec. roca mocemuliaaseTi konstruqcia: `me da Rame~, romels mivakuTvnoT `da~,`me~-s Tu `Rame~-s? vfiqrobT, amgvar kiTxva-dilemas TavidanavicilebT, Tu kavSirs damoukidebel uSualo SemadgenladganvixilavT, miT umetes imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kavSirebsacaqvT erTgvari sintaqsuri funqcia.

23

daSlis TvalsazrisiT aseve sainteresoa e.w. unikalurikomponentis Semcveli kompozitebi. termini `unikaluri ele-menti~ leonard blumfildma iseT enobriv formebs uwoda,romlebic mxolod erT bmul formaSi gvxvdebian. amis ramdeni-me SemTxveva qarTulSic arsebobs. aseTi rTuli sityvebis uSu-alo SemadgenelTa mixedviT daSlisas unikalur elements aR-vniSnavT simboloTi B (Bound form) anu bmuli forma, romelicverasodes ver Segvxvdeba izolirebulad. aseTi bmuli forme-bia: _ mTili (kompozitebSi: dedamTili, mamamTili), _ pente-la (kompozitSi: crupentela), _ Wartala (kompozitSi: ena-Wartala) da a.S.

mokled, komponentTa ragvarobis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tanamed-rove saliteraturo qarTulsa da mis teritoriul dialeq-tebSi arsebuli rTuli sityvis ramdenime ZiriTadi, aqtualu-ri modeli SegviZlia gamovyoT:

C = NP(=N) + AP(=A)(mag., mTawminda, karRia, gulCvili, enamWevri, cecxlmodebu-

li, xelgaSlili, Wirnaxuli, xelwasuli, gzatkecili, TavdaWe-rili da a.S.)

C = NP1 (N1+GEN) + NP2(=N2)(mag., kariskaci, gulisyuri, nacrisferi, erisTavi, gulis-

wyroma, gulisTqma da a.S.)C = NP1(=N1) + NP2(=N2)(mag., fexburTi, kalaTburTi, TavsarTi, Tavkaci, pirsaxoci,

dResaswauli, kinosuraTi da a.S.)C = NP1(=N) + cop(*) + NP2(=N2)(mag., sasmel-saWmeli, da-Zma, ded-mama, Zal-Rone, Robe-yore,

mindor-veli, dana-Cangali da a.S.)C = AP(=A) + NP(=N)(mag., didostati, borotmoqmedi, bolosityva, boloTqma

da a.S.)C = Adv1 + cop(*) + Adv2(mag., aqa-iq, aqeT-iqeT, zamTar-zafxul da a.S.)C = Adv + AP(=A)(mag., winwasuli, ukanmidevnebuli, Sorsmavali da a.S.)C = NP(=NUM) + AP(N+D)

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(mag., orwliani, samdRiani, erTmarcvliani, erTsulovani,erTujrediani, erTferovani, samyura, mravalZarRva, oTxTvalada a.S.)

C= AP1(=A) + AP2(N+D)(mag., keTilxmovani, didbunebovani, didgvarovani, didsu-

lovani, didmniSvnelovani, grZelfexeba, didgula, SavTvala daa.S.)

C = AP1(=A1) + AP2(=A2)(mag., Savbneli, keTilSobili, nelTbili da a.S.)C = AP1(=A1) + cop (*) + AP2(=A2)(mag., tkbil-mware, tyuil-marTali, Sav-TeTri, wiTel-yvi-

Teli da a.S.)C = NP (=N) + B(mag., dedamTili, mamamTili, crupentela, enaWartala,

TvalTmaqci da a.S.).

e k a d a d i a n i (quTaisi)

-c nawilakiani formebi taourSi

taoel qarTvelTa metyvelebaSi dasturdeba -c nawilak-darTuli saxelis formebi, romlebic garegnulad naTesao-biT/micemiT brunvas mogvagonebs, Tumca saxelobiTis funqciiTgamoiyeneba. gvxvdeba rogorc mxolobiTSi, ise mravlobiTSi.magaliTad:

biWisac iq ari, elTisac iq ari, mazli iq ari, mazlisiRenWebi (vaJebi) iq arian; mangalisac gvaqva, mangali agze ari;pirvelaT manqaneb ar iyo, gzasac ar iyo; amisi dede�sac Cevdaiqa; alapaluRi (Tevzis saxeoba) didisac ari, patara�sac ari;soRani (xaxvi) wvril-wvrilisac ari; Cvenisac qarTulia,Tqvenisac... kacebisac muSaoben; qalebisac modian; malebisac

(saqoneli) saxSi Sevlen...

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vfiqrobT, saanalizo formebi gaCenilia III piris (/Cvene-biT) nacvalsaxelTa -c nawilakiani formebis analogiisa daganzogadebis safuZvelze.

sagulisxmoa is faqti, taourSi (gansakuTrebiT xevaissoflebSi) is/es nacvalsaxelTa -c nawilakian formebTan um-Tavresad a xmovania warmodgenili (isac/esac). Sdr.: qobaissoflebSi saTanado SemTxvevebSi ZiriTadad i/e xmovnebi gamo-vlindeba (isic/esec).

xevais soflebSi -sac erTian morfemad Cans gaazrebuli;garda saxelebisa, gvxvdeba zmnisarTebTanac, magaliTad:

i meresac carielia, sam Tane caieli; aqsac ari ჶestivali;moxrakav, isesac SeWam...

warmodgenili faqtebi specifikuri Cans taouri metyvele-bisaTvis.

moxsenebaSi gaanalizdeba taoSi 2011-2012 wlebSi mowyobi-li eqspediciis periodSi Cven mier mopovebuli dialeqturimasala.

l a l i e z u g b a i a (Tbilisi)

ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi megrul-lazurSi

warmodgenili sakiTxi damuSavebulia sagranto proeqtis`megrulisa da lazuris SepirispirebiTi morfologia Zir-fu-ZeTa ideqsiTurT~ farglebSi.

megrulsa da lazurSi ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebissistema qarTulis msgavsad emyareba kiTxviT nacvalsaxelebs:mu `ra?~, mi `vin?~, namu `romeli?~ maTi gaformeba xdeba ro-gorc nawilakebiT, aseve meSveli zmniT da sakavSirebeli si-tyviTac, ris gamoc ganusazRvreli nacvalsaxelebi rTuli age-bulebisaa da zogjer gamWvirvalec ki aris rTuli damokidebu-li winadadebis konstruqcia mocemul nacvalsaxelur forma-

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Si. es gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia megrulSi, romelic metivariaciulobiTac gamoirCeva lazurTan SedarebiT.

megrulSi jer kidev ios. yifSiZe gamoyofda ganusazRvrelinacvalsaxelebis sam rigs. Tanamedrove etapzec SesaZlebeliaramdenime jgufis gamoyofa.

pirvel jgufSi gvaqvs modeli: kiTxviT nacvalsaxels mier-Tvis -Ti `-ca~ nawilaki, romelsac istoriulad mosdevda i‡i

`iqneba~ meSveli zmna da -ni `rom~ kavSiri (rogava). am kon-struqciis Serwymis Sedegad miRebuli formebia: miTini < mi-

Ti/ ˆ i‡i ni `vinme~ (vinc rom iqneba); muTuni < muTi/ ˆ i‡i ni

`rame~(rac rom iqneba), namuTini < namuTi/ ˆ i‡i ni `romelime~(romelic rom iqneba). es ukanaskneli warmodgenilia ramdenimevariantiT: e-daboloebiT _ namuTime, namu-s Sekvecili varian-tebiT _ namTini, namTine.

meore jgufi ganusazRvreli nacvalsaxelebisa warmodgeni-lia nawilakebiT: -gi < -ga qarT. -Ra nawilakis funqciuri Se-satyvisia, -da < -Ta < -Ti qarT. -ca nawilakis funqciuri Se-satyvisia. maSasadame, qarTulis vi-Ra-ca, ra-Ra-ca, romeli-Ra-ca masalis gaTvaliswinebiT istoriulad ase unda yofiliyo:*mi-ga-Ti, *mu-ga-Ti, *namu-ga-Ti, magram ganviTarebis raRacetapze momxdara nawilakebis gadasma, rasac mohyva -T-s gamJRe-reba -ga-s wina poziciaSi: *mi-Ti-ga >* miTga > midga `viRaca~,*mu-Ti-ga > *muTga > mudga `raRaca~, *namu-Ti-ga >*namuTga >

namudga > namdga `romeliRaca~. aRsaniSnavia, rom lazurSifonetikuri gardaqmnebis bolo etapi sapirispiro mimarTule-biT wavida. amdenad, miviReT midga, mudga, namdga formebi,Tumca Semdgom amaTi variaciebic gvaqvs: migida `viRac, vinme~,mida `imano~, mudgia `raRaca, rame~, mudefi `rameebi, rame-ru-meebi~, namdgia `romeliRaca~.

amave jgufSi Semodis muWomi `rogori~ nacvalsaxelisgannawarmoebi nacvalsaxelebi: muWomdgia/ muWoidga/ muWodgia/

muWodga `rogoriRaca~.mesame jgufi emyareba meores, anu midga, mudga, namdga na-

cvalsaxelebi hqmnian rTul konstruqcias ori modeliT: 1.

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CvenTvis ukve nacnobi _ nacvalsaxelur fuZes + i‡i `iqneba~zmna + ni kavSiri, 2. nacvalsaxelur fuZes + ore `aris~ zmna+ ni kavSiri. Sesabamisad, gvaqvs Semdegi nacvalsaxelebi: 1. mi-

dgaini < midga i‡i ni `viRac, vinme~, mudgaini <mudga i‡i ni

`raRaca, rame~, namdgaini < namdga i‡i ni `romelime, raime,vinme~; 2. midgareni < midga ore ni `viRaca, vinme, mavani~(vinc rom aris), mudgareni < mudga ore ni `raRaca~ (racrom aris), namdgareni < namdga ore ni `viRac, vinme~. undaiTqvas, rom meore modeliT nawarmoeb nacvalsaxelTa variante-bic arsebobs.

lazurSi ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi megrulTanSedarebiT mcirericxovania warmoebis modelebis mixedviT,Tumca arsebuli struqtura mTlianad miuyveba megruls. Ziri-Tadia meore tipis warmoeba, anu warmodgenilia nawilakebiT: -gada -Ti, im gansxvavebiT, rom fonetikuri gardaqmna sapirispiromimarTulebiT warimarTa, kerZod, nawilakTa metaTezisis gare-Se Ti-s reduqciis Sedegad warmoqmnil mimdevrobaSi moxdamJReri g-s dayrueba: -Tga> -Txa. Sesabamisad, am modeliT na-warmoebi ZiriTadi nacvalsaxelebia: miTxa/ minTxa < *minTga <*

min-Ti-ga `viRaca, vinme~, muTxa/ munTxa < *munTga < *mun-Ti-

ga `raRaca, raime~. am nacvalsaxelebis axal variaciebs hqmnis-ni daboloeba, romelic igive nawilaki Cans, rac megrulSi(Sdr. miTi-ni, muTu-ni...): miTxani `viRaca~, muTxani `raRaca~,namuTxani `romeliRaca~. es ukanaskneli mxolod am formiTaalazurSi dadasturebuli, anu ver daiZebna *namuTxa.

rac Seexeba meSveli zmniT nawarmoeb formebs, megrulisgangansxvavebuli modelia im TvalsazrisiT, rom miTi `vinc,~ mu-

Ti `rac~, namuTi `romelic~ mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelebs mier-Tvis ren zmna. Sedegad gvaqvs nacvalsaxeluri formebi: miTi-

ren/ miTien `vinme~ (vinc aris), muTuren/ muTuen `rame~ (racaris). aseTi warmoeba viwurisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. parale-lurad dasturdeba -ere<ore zmnuri warmoSobis derivantiTgaformebuli formebi: minTee < minTere `vinme, viRaca~, na-

mTere `romeliRaca~, xolo mitikere/ mitikore < miTi-q-ore

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`vinme~, mutikere/ mutikore < muTi-q-ore `raRac, rame~formebi damaxasiaTebelia aTinuri kilokavisTvis da miRebu-lia mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebis moTxrobiTi formisTvisere-s mierTebiT. amgvari warmoeba megrulsac axasiaTebs, Sdr.mudgaqieni < mudga-qi/ ‡ ren `raRaca~ (rac aris).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ganusazRvreli nacvalsaxelis warmoe-bis saerTo qarTveluri modelis gverdiT megrulsa da la-zurSi gamoyenebulia meSvelzmniani formebi, romelTa struq-tura SedarebiT ufro martivia lazurSi.

e k a t e r i n e v a w a Z e (quTaisi)

fatikuri komunikacia saliteraturo enasa dadialeqtSi

fatikuri komunkacia, romlis mecnierul kvlevaSi damkvid-reba ukavSirdeba poloneli mecnieris bronislav malinovskissaxels, komunikaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani saxea. igi emsaxu-reba ara faqtobrivi informaciis gacvla-gamocvlas, aramedTbili, megobruli atmosferos Seqmnas, uxerxuli, moulodne-lad Camovardnili siCumis darRvevas, saubrebs Soris pauzebisSevsebas, saubris dawyebasa da damTavrebas. sityva `fatikuri~berZnulidan mominareobs (phatos _ salaparako, phanai _ lapa-raki).

fatikuri komunikaciis Temebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebu-lia qalisa da mamakacis metyvelebaSi. qalebSi fatikuri komu-nikaciis Tema aris garegnoba, piradi cxovrebis detalebi; mama-kacebSi ki fatikuri gamonaTqvamebi vrceldeba iseT sferoebze,rogoricaa sporti, politika. fatikuri sakomunikacio aqtebi iseve aqtiurad gamoiyenebadialeqtebSi, rogorc saliteraturo enaSi. miuxedavad amisa,

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enis substandartul variantebSi am mxriv arsebul viTarebassaTanado yuradReba ar eTmoba. Cveni mizania konkretuli magaliTebis safuZvelze Sevada-roT erTmaneTs qarTul saliteraturo enasa da imerul dia-leqtSi dadasturebuli fatikuri gamonaTqvamebi, vnaxoT ramsgavseba-gansxvavebebi arsebobs maT Soris da SevityoT ramde-nad mniSvnelovania maTi codna megobruli urTierTobis damya-rebis, SenarCunebisa da warmatebuli komunikaciis warmarTvi-saTvis. Tavazianobis gamomxatvel fatikur gamonaTqvamebs i.de-metraZe 9 jgufSi aerTianebs(15). swored am jgufebSi mocemulsaliteraturo fatikur gamonaTqvamebs SevupirispirebT ime-rul dialeqtSi mopovebul fatikur sametyvelo aqtebs. mi-

salmeba: saliteraturo ena- gamarjoba; dila mSvidobisa; Sua-dRe mSvidobisa; saRamo mSvidobisa. imeruli dialeqti _ di-la mSvidobisa Cemo batono, xom mSvidobiT brZandebiT, bato-no? amas vis xedavs Cemi Tvalebi! gamomSvidobebani: salitera-turo ena _ naxvamdis; mSvidobiT; kargad iyavi; aba, jerjero-biT. imeruli dialeqti _ aba he, Sen ici!..RmerTma keTiladgamgzavros: ar deikargo, xSirad Semogviare; waRma waRmarTia-nad gevlos! madlierebis gamomxatveli frazebi: salitera-turo ena _ gmadlobT; didi madloba. imeruli dialeqti _madlobeli var Seni. Cems dReSi rava deviviwyeb rac Sen CemiojaxisTvis iSrome; agaSenaT RmerTma; gadamexados; mobodiSeba:

saliteraturo ena _ mapatieT; didi bodiSi; Zalian vwuxvar;damnaSave var mapatieT.. imeruli dialeqti _ es rava momivi-da?! es ra damemarTa, bodiSi Seni Wirime: deda Cemi sikvdili.dapatiJebani: saliteraturo ena _ stumari RvTisaa; gamogvia-re; mogvinaxule xolme. imeruli dialeqti _ mobrZandi SeniWirime!. modi dagvewvie sadilze; Sen ar momikvde, me Sen ar ga-giSva! SeTavazebani: saliteraturo ena _ ra gnebavT?; riT Se-miZlia dagexmaroT? imeruli dialeqti _ Tu rame dagWirdesxo ici aq var; ar mogeridos icode. dalocvebi/milocvebi:

saliteraturo ena _ RmerTma daglocos! sul dalocvili yo-filiyavi. imeruli dialeqti _ RvTis wyaloba ar mogaklos

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RmerTma; sul mSvidobaSi da sikeTeSi mogaxmaros RmerTma! eserTi da sxva mravali. TanagrZnobis gamomxatveli gamoTqmebi:

saliteraturo ena _ nu geSinia, or-sam dReSi CitiviT iqnebi;aba Sen ici, male gamojanmrTeldi; imeruli dialeqti _ ar Se-Sinde, gamagrdi. magi raa Se kaco. qaTinaurebi: saliteratu-ro ena _ ra kargad gamoiyurebi! Zalian gixdeba es kaba. ime-ruli dialeqti _ gxatavs, sul Senzea gamoWrili, gadasarevisaxli gaqvs; Sen Semogevle ra Svilebi gyavs.. imerul dialeqtSi aseve xSirad gamoiyeneba fatikuri wyev-

lis formebi: vai Sen da jandaba; RmerTma dawyevlos mag SeCve-nebuli; Sen iare ukuRma; Seni gakeTebuli ar geiSva arsad da a.S zemomoyvanili magaliTebis safuZvelze SeiZleba iTqvas, romimerul dialeqtSi dadasturebuli fatikuri gamonaTqvamebiufro eqspresiuli da mravalferovania, registris mixedviT --ki ufro familaruli.

r u s u d a n z e q a l a S v i l i (Tbilisi)

sityvasityviTi nawilakebi qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi

1. sxvaTa sityvas, Cveulebriv, or jgufad yofen: pirdapirda irib naTqvamad, magram saenaTmecniero literaturaSi Sei-niSneba azrTa sxvadasxvaoba maTi klasifikaciis Sesaxeb, gansa-kuTrebiT exeba es sxvaTa sityvis nawilakian formebs. mecnier-Ta didi nawili maT miakuTvnebs pirdapir naTqvams, zogi ki _iribs. gamoTqmulia aseve mosazreba, rom nawilakdarTul sxva-Ta sityvas Sualeduri adgili ukavia pirdapirsa da irib na-Tqvams Soris.

2. sityvasityviTs nawilakebs qarTul enaTmecnierul li-teraturaSi Seswavlis xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. maTi gamoyene-bis Tavisebureba da funqciebi daaxasiaTa jer kidev pl. iose-lianma.

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3. qarTuli saliteraturo ena da dialeqtebi xSirad iye-nebs sityvasityviTs nawilakebs, romelTa upirvelesi funqciaamosaubris _ sxvisi an Tavisi _ naTqvamis (nafiqris) ucvleligameoreba.

4. qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi gamoyenebulia sityvasityvi-Ti nawilakebi da maTi fonetikuri variantebi: -meTqi||-meTqin||-mevTqvi||-meTqvi, -Tqo||-Tqva da -o||-v||-u. saliteraturo qarTu-lisagan gansxvavebiT, dasavlur dialeqtebSi (gurulSi, aWa-rulSi) niSandoblivia -meTqi nawilakis nazalizacia (boloki-duri -n-s darTva), aseve xSiria -Tqva nawilakis gamoyeneba -Tqos an zogjer -meTqis funqciiT. aRsaniSnavia -meTqi da -o na-wilakTa funqciebis aRreva, kerZod, -o nawilakis gamoyenebisarealis gavrcoba (magaliTad, -o gamoiyeneba -meTqi nawilakisfunqciiT kaxurSi, qiziyurSi, gurulSi).

5. sxvaTa sityvis -o||-v nawilaki SeiZleba daerTos winada-debis yvela wevrs. -o bolokidur poziciaSi iqceva -v-d, ingi-lourSi ki SeiZleba Caenacvlos u kiTxviTobis a xmovnis win.

6. raWulisTvis (da imerulis zogierTi TqmisTvis) damaxa-siaTebelia zmnaSi narTauli a sxvaTa sityvis o-s win, Tanxmov-nis momdevno poziciaSi: piris niSnebis, mravlobiTis sufiqse-bis an Temis niSnebis Semdeg, zogjer narTauli a dasturdebasxva metyvelebis nawilebTanac..

7. aRsaniSnavia, rom sasaubro metyvelebaSi gavrcelebulia`meuTxari~ forma. vfiqrobT, is zustad iseTive yalibisaa, ro-goric `-meTqi~, oRond ar aRiqmeba romelime sityvasTan Se-rwymulad. Cveni azriT, `meuTxari~ forma dialogis gadmocemi-sas unda CaiTvalos sxvaTa sityvis nawilakad.

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l i l e T a n d i l a v a (baTumi)

msgavsi fonetikuri cvlilebebi lazursa da SavSurSi

TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli Zveli qarTveluri ki-loebi (lazuri, SavSuri) dRemde ganicdian fonetikur cvli-lebebs. es fonetikuri cvlilebebi sesxebasTan erTad xdeba,igi mravalferovania.

rogorc mogexsenebaT, Turquls mkveTri Tanxmovnebi ar ga-aCnia. sesxebis Sedegad mTeli rigi Tanxmovnebi ganicdiancvlilebebs. lazurSic da SavSurSic TiTqmis erTnairi pro-cesi mimdinareobs. nasesxeb sityvebSi xdeba gamkveTreba. Tumcamsesxebel enas igive Tanxmovnebi gaaCnia. aq Cans nasesxobaTa Ta-viseburebani. ucxo sityvebis nawili ucvlelia fonologiuradnawili ki mkveTrdeba. amjerad minda yuradReba SevaCeroramdenime SemTxvevaze: Turquli t (T) gadmodis qarTulSi t-d,xolo Turquli h (h) gadmodis qarTul x-d. zustad aseTiveprocesia lazurSic.

1. xisimebi _ xisimefe _ hisimler _ naTesavebi xisimebigvyavda (367).

2. xalaSvili _ xala _ halaoğlü _ mamidaSvili Cemi babosixalaSvilia (370)

3. mexsus _ mexsuz _ mahsus _ gangeb aq amodis sokoebimaxsus moyavano (370)

4. xastanluRi _ xastaluRi _ hastalık _ avadmyofo xasta-luRi qonda (371)

5. xebrebi _ xabrebi _ haberler _ ambebi xebrebi ar vici,Zveli ar vici (383)

Turquli t _ qarTul t-Si1. iSte _ iSte _ işte - aiTavanSive yria iSte (367)2. xastanluRi _ xastaluRi _ hastalık _ avadmyofoba.xastaluRi hqonda.3. doxtori _ doxtori _ doktor _ eqimi

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erTi gogo doxtoria arTvin.4. TeSti _ testi _ test _ doqi (didi)wina sir ori TeSti movaduRe (387)sesxebis es procesi sainteresoa, imitom rom orive kilo

erTnair process ganicdis. sesxeba Cveulebrivi procesia mag-ram am or kiloze molaparake qarTvelebisaTvis saerTo saxel-mwifo ena Turqulia. sesxebas sxva cudi mxarec gaaCnia: fone-tikuri cvlilebebis miRma ena kargavs im sityvis qarTul dalazur Sesatyviss. vimedovnebT rom sesxeba ver moaxdensarsebiT gavlenas da es kiloebi am kuTxes didxans daamSvenebs.

d i a n a k a k a S v i l i (Tbilisi)

SeniSvnebi Zveli gavazis (axalsoflis)toponimikis Sesaxeb

Zveli gavazi (axalsofeli) kaxeTSi, yvarlis raionSi, mdi-nareebs _ avanisxevsa da Soroxevs _ Soris, kavkasionis didimTis ZirSi mdebareobs. Zvelad sofels gavazi erqva. dRevande-li axalsofeli Zveli gavazis teritorias sanaxevrod faravs.Zveli sofeli axlis zemo nawilSic yofila gaSlili, sadacdRes dausaxlebeli adgilebia, agreTve mindori kopale da wm.giorgis taZari. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, sofeli gavazi lekiano-bis dros daicala da ufro qvemoT, daax. 20 kilometris iqiTdasaxlda. cota gvian, roca ukve mSvidoba damkvidrda, sofelixelaxla gaSenda, zogierTi TqmulebiT axalsofelSi kvlav ga-vazelebi amotrialdnen da Zvel sacxovriss daubrundnen, amas-Tan _ cariel adgilas sxvadsxva kuTxidan Camoasaxles xalxi.bevrs axlac SemorCenili aqvs istoria Tavisi warmomavlobisSesaxeb da yvebian, rom esa da es gvari Camosulia ama da am ku-Txidano. mag., tyeSelaSvilebi da dgvarelebi raWvelebi arian,yvenwaSvilebi _ WiaTaurlebi. ufro gvian sofelSi Camosax-

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lda qsnis xeobidan kompaqturi jgufi da soflis zemo nawil-Si dasaxlda, axali ubani gaSenda, am ubans dResac `mTiulebs~eZaxian.

soflis saxelwodeba frinvelis saxels unda ukavSirdebo-des, gavazi ulamazesi frinveli yofila da axla aRar arse-bobs, gadaSenebulia.

am soflis toponimebi sagangebod aravis Seuswavlia. Seve-xebiT zogierT maTgans. toponimebi Semdegi saxiT davajgufeT:1) ubnis saxelwodebebi; 2) miwis (nakveTis) adgilis saxelwo-debebi; 3) mTis saxelwodebebi; 4) wylis saxelwodebebi; 5) xe-vis da 6) tyis saxelwodebebi.

1. u b n i s s a x e l w o d e b e b isaruso _ daRestnelebiT dasaxlebuli ubani, Semodis

axalsoflis saTemoSi, mdebareobs mdinare Soroxevis gadaRma.adre, daRestnelebis Camosaxlebamde dasaxlebuli yofila ru-sebiT.

mTiulebi _ me-20 saukunis Sua wlebSi Camoasaxles qsnisxobidan mTiulebi da kompaqturad dasaxldnen soflis zemoT,jer kidev dausaxlebel ubanSi.

sacxene _ dasaxlebuli ubani, soflis Crdilo-aRmosavle-TiT. Semodis axalsoflis TemSi. is axalsofelze Zveli dasax-leba unda iyos.

2. m i w i s (nakveTis) a d g il i s s a x e l w od e b e b icacxvis miwa _ cacxvebi idga bevri (Txiliswyaros, mamoj-

naved, mis qvemoTaa).TuSianT miwa _ (sof. balRojianis zemoT), axalsoflis

samxreTiT.qvevris wyaro _ iqvea, momijnavea TuSianT miwisa.iulda _ soflis zemoT, mis gardigardmo mdebareobs, wm.

giorgidan sacxenisken.darbazovani _ adgili avanis saTavesTan.kopale _ dausaxlebeli adgilia, mindvrebi, axalsoflis

Crdilo dasavleTiT, soflis TavSi. iq, sadac dRes wm. gior-gis mcire taZari dgas.

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3. m T i s s a x e l w o d e b e b ibagiTo _ mTis saxeli kavkasionis kalTebze.balRojianis mTebi _ mTaSi saZovrebia, balRojianelebs

dahyavdaT aq cxvari. bolRoji _ buCqi an tandabali xe vardi-sebrTa ojaxisa.

naCarxi gori _ Zalian kldiania, TiTqos gamoCarxeso.sayaraulo _ mTaa, lekianobis dros iq guSagi idga. aqe-

dan pirdapir Cans didi veli da cecxlis anTebiT aZlevdnenniSans mtris Semosvlisas.

4. w y l i s s a x e l w o d e b e b ibelad gube _ Sua zafxulSic rom axvide, sulaa gube, ar

Sreba.afnis wyaro _ tyeSi axalsoflis aRmosavleTiT.kodis wyaro _ xis kodi iyo Cadgmuli, saidanac gadmodi-

oda wyali (sofel bolqvis zemoT, axalsoflis xamxreTiT, min-dorSi).

geji wyali _ armisuli RoloianTan, cota qvemoT, wyalsaqvs iseTi forma, rogorc gejas. aq saqonels asmevdnen wyals.

wilianas wyali _ avanis xevis saTavesTan.5. x e v i s s a x e l w o d e b e b iavanis xevi _ axalsoflis mosazRvred-dasavleTiT.Soro xevi _ axalsoflis mosazRvred-CrdioleTiT.qvaweri _ patara mdinarea soflis TavSi, mdinare avanis-

xevis saTavesTan.6. t y i s s a x e l w o d e b e b iwvriliana _ wvrili, aSoltili tye (soflis samxreTiT,

afnisaken mimaval gzaze).nakalovrebi _ kopales zemoT, mdinare axanisxevis gadaRma

tyea, mTis piras. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, lekianobis dros bavSve-bi galewes kevriT.

sipana _ tyis saxelia, soflis CrdiloeTiT, sanam daiwye-ba didi kavkasionis mTa.

nabazrali _ avanisxevis gadaRma, axla tyea, adre, gavazisdros aq unda yofiliyo bazari.

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l e v a n k e l a u r a Z e (Tbilisi)

qarTul-zanuri T : svanuri ST/Sd/St bgeraTfardobisaxleburi interpretaciisaTvis buruSuli enismonacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT

buruSuli enis monacemTa gaTvaliswineba qarTul-zanuriT : svanuri ST/Sd/St bgeraTfardobis axleburi interpreta-ciisa da adreuli saerTo-qarTvelurisaTvis yru lateraluri

afrikatis /*/ (/*tɬ/) postulirebis SesaZleblobas unda iZle-odes.

aRniSnuli fardobisaTvis amosaval erTeulad mkvlevarTanawili (T. gamyreliZe, g. maWavariani, b. gigineiSvili...) */sT/fonemaTmimdevrobas varaudobs, nawili ki _ /*T/ fonemis pa-latalizebul /*T½/ (i. meliqiSvili, z. sarjvelaZe, h. fenrixi),an preaspirirebul /*hT/ (g. klimovi) alofonebs.

vfiqrobT, rom Semdeg qarTvelur-buruSul leqsikur Se-pirispirebebSi _ s.-qarTv. *sTum- > svan. Sdim `yuri~: bur. -ltúmal, túmal `yuri~, s.-qarTv. *sTar- > qarT. (qarTl.) da-TarT-v-a `dagrexili Zafis moSveba, dacarva~; svan. li-Sdr-çn-i, li-Sdr-an-i, li-Str-an-i `(Tokis, sablis, bagiris...) dagrexa~: bur.(i.) táali `bagiris dasagrexi Toki~, (h., n.) -ltáli-, (i.) táali-, -ltáali-,`gaxveva, Sexveva, TasmiT Sekvra~ _ gamovlenili bgeraTfardo-

bis _ qarTv. /*sT/ : bur. (h., n.) /lt/, (i.) /ɬt/ _ safuZvelzeamosaval erTeulad SeiZleba yru lateraluri afrikati /*/

(/*tɬ/) iqnes miCneuli.saerTo-qarTvelur-buruSuli enobrivi erTianobis gvian-

del etapze es yru lateraluri afrikati, savaraudod, yru

lateraluri spirantisa // (/ɬ/) da yru fSvinvieri dentalu-

ri xSulis /T/ (/th/) kompleqsad gardaiqmna, anu /*/ (/*tɬ/) >/*T/ ( /*ɬth/), rasac, rogorc Cans, saerTo-qarTveluris erT

37

dialeqtur arealSi /*T/ > /(s)T/, meoreSi /*T/ > /ST/, xo-lo buruSulSi /*ɬth/ > /lt/ gadasvlebi mohyva.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom is mkvlevrebi, romlebic buru-Suls Crdilokavkasiur enebTan akavSireben, am enisaTvis speci-fikur /-lt-/ bgeraTmimdevrobas swored amosavali lateraluribgerebis refleqsad ganixilaven. Sdr., mag.:

bur. (h., n.) -ltúl-, (i.) túl-, -ltúl- `unagiris dadgma~, (h., n.)tilíaŋ, (i.) tilíhaŋ, teléaŋ `unagiri~: xunZ. ƛ’:ilí, xvarS. ƛ’eq’el, lak.k’ili `unagiri~;

bur. tá-. ltá- `fexsacmlis, tansacmlis Cacma~: and. iƛ’:in `fex-sacmlis, Sarvlis Cacma~, did. iƛ , inx. n-eƛ `fexsacmlis Cacma~.

savaraudod, aseve lateraluri afrikati _ oRond, amje-rad ukve glotaluri /*/ _ unda aRdges im amosaval formeb-Si, romelTa gardaqmnis Sedegadac unda iyos miRebuli Semde-gi SesaZlo qarTvelur-buruSul(-daRestnuri) kognatebi:

s.-qarTv. *tal- > qarT. tal-i `cicabo; kaJi~, (saba) agreT-ve: `kbilis anaxeTqi~; svan. [zan. (megr.)] tol-i `kaJi~: bur. (h.)talí `cicabo ferdobi~: xunZ. t’álu `klde, kldovani plato~, beJ.ƛ’alo `qva, klde~...;

s.-qarTv. *tol- > qarT. tol-i : bur. (i.) túlum, -ltúlum`msgavsi~, (h.) –ltúr man- `mibaZva~;

s.-qarTv. *tÍer- > qarT. m-tuer-i; svan. tÍâr-d, tÍrøm-d,tÍram-d ligne, tÍør-d ligene `namsxvrevebad, nafleTebad qce-va, damtvreva~: bur. (h., n.) turú-, nu-ltúr, nu-túr, (i.) túr-, du-ltúr`damsxvreva, damtvreva~.

Tuki es dakavSirebebi sworia, maSin gamodis, rom saerTo-qarTveluri glotaluri lateraluri afrikatis refleqsebsqarTul da svanur enebSi glotaluri dentaluri xSuliwarmoadgens, anu /*/ orivegan > /t/, xolo qarT. w : zan. W :svan. h bgeraTfardobisaTvis, (romlis safuZvelzec h. fenrixisaerTo-qarTvelur glotalur lateralur afrikats aRad-gens), amosaval erTeulad sxva lateraluri fonema (glota-luri lateraluri spiranti // ?) unda vivaraudoT.

38

m a i a k i k v a Z e (baTumi)

qarTuli leqsika klarjTa Turqul metyvelebaSi

istoriuli klarjeTis mosaxleobis ena dRes ZiriTadadTurqulia (gamonaklisia ramdenime xeoba). iqaurTa Turqulimetyvelebisa da tradiciebis Seswavla mniSvnelovania qarTu-li lingvistikisa da zogadad qarTvelologiis TvalsazrisiT.

moxsenebis mizania klarjTa TurqulSi qarTuli leqsikisZieba. erTia, ra xdeba realurad cocxal metyvelebaSi da me-ore, ra viTarebaa aqauri Turqi (an sulac gaTurqebuli qar-Tveli) mwerlebis enaSi.

saanalizo masala ZiriTadad klarjeTis Turqulenovansoflebs moicavs. publicistur werilebSi, mxatvrul litera-turaSi, poeziis enaSi dRemde SemorCenilia qarTuli leqsikismetad saintereso nimuSebi, ufro metic, iseTi leqsikuri er-Teulebi, romlebic dasturdeba an zogjer ar dasturdeba sxvasamxrul dialeqtebSi (masala Sedarebulia prof.S.futkaraZis`Cveneburebis qarTulTan~, prof.m.faRavas, prof.m.cincaZis Sav-Sur teqstebTan, m/k m.xaxutaiSvilis muhajirTa metyvelebis ni-muSebTan, mecn.kandidat e.beriZis `nigalTan~).

klarjeTis soflebSi dro-Jamis gamo uamravi xuroTmo-ZRvruli Zegli Tu istoriuli nivTi ganadgurda, daikarga Zve-li qarTuli tradiciebi, bevr maTganSi waiSala qarTuli me-tyveleba. aqaurTa Turqul metyvelebaSi daleqilia qarTulileqsika.

moviyvanT ramdenime nimuSs:Neker= nekeri Meşe =muxa. Sdr. S.fetk. nekri ziri- nekris

Ziri (zafxulobiT tyeSi dakafven Telis, cacxvis, muxis, wif-lis totebs, konebad Sekraven da kacis simaRleze daawyoben.am wyobas nekris Ziri ewodeba, nekeri, tyeSi gamxmari, inarCu-nebs vitaminebs).

Cismat= ot, yaprak- wiwmati= balaxi, foToli; Sdr.S. futka-raZe -gareuli mxaleuli, balaxi: `wiwmati yanebSi amua~ (im.).

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tyis wiwmati (imer.).Zegan = zegani = yüksek yerlesim birimi erTiani erTeuli,

maRali adgili.Orokh = oroki; uzun sure ekilip; grZeli vadiT daTesili min-

dori; Sdr. oroki (gur.) nariyali niadagi, saxnav-saTesi miwa(al. Rlonti).

xaro = ambardak, bölum=Sesanaxi nageboba, Taroebi raimesdasawyobad; Sdr.S.futkaraZe, xaro-Wirnaxulis, simindis, lobi-os, kartofilis, xileulis Sesanaxi adgili, Turq. Raf. `wrev-lai beRelSi xarvebi davakeTe~, Sdr.saba xaro _ qviTkirisormo; xaro _ 1. (qarTl.qiziy.mesx.) didi, Rrma ormo, purisormo; 2 (gur.) nalia, sasiminde; 3. xaro (skivri xorblis Sesa-naxad; ambar (arab.) _ ambari, beReli, sawyobi;

Çingo = ceviz=nigozi; Sdr.Rlonti wengero (aWar.) nigvziswengo, nigvzis webera.

Sakarkaşo= şehit mezarları= saqarqaSo, omSi daRupva, dacema(tradiciis Tanaxmad, daRupulTa saflavebze bavSvebs, axalgaz-rdebs, xeibrebs moyavT Sesawiri, klaven da Caifiqreben survilebs).

klarjeTa Turquli metyvelebis kvleva samomavlod kidevufro met saintereso formebs gamoavlens.

z e i n a b k i k v i Z e (quTaisi)

dialeqtis literaturuli funqciebiqarTul mwerlobaSi

enaSi arsebuli leqsikuri komponentebi gansakuTrebulmniSvnelobas iRebs literaturaSi. am mxriv saintereso sa-kvlev masalas qmnis dialeqturi movlenebi. ama Tu im kuTxisa-Tvis damaxasiaTebeli metyveleba literaturuli Txzulebismxolod mxatvrul gaformebas ki ar emsaxureba, aramed iZens

40

personaJis gamosaxvis, mwerluri mizandasaxulobis interpre-taciis, literaturuli mimdinareobis Taviseburebis gamovle-nisa da damkvidrebis misias. ris Sedegadac iqceva erT-erT gan-sakuTrebul da mravalfunqciur xerxad. unda aRiniSnos, romdialeqtis aseTi funqciuri datvirTva niSneulia ara mxolodqarTuli mwerlobisaTvis, aramed zogadad msoflio litera-turisTvisac.

enis ganviTarebis specifikidan gamomdinare, savaraudoa,rom dialeqtisaTvis literaturuli funqciis miniWeba undadawyebuliyo XIX saukuneSi, kerZod ki realizmis Casaxvis dro-idan. ra Tqma unda, dialeqturi formebi gvxvdeba gacilebiTufro adrindel literaturaSi, Tundac romantizmis dros.magram, vfiqrobT, rom mas ar unda hqonoda arc mxatvrulienis gamoxatvisa da miT umetes, arc personaJis enobrivi saSu-alebebiT daxasiaTebis daniSnuleba.

qarTul mwerlobaSi dialeqtis intensiuri gamoyenebaiwyeba kritikuli realizmis periodSi. aq SeiniSneba ramdenimeTvisebrivi done. dialeqturi formebi ori funqciiT gamoiye-neba: erTi, mwerlis enobrivi qsovilis gasamravalferovnebladda meore, _ metyvelebis mixedviT personaJis dasaxasiaTeblad.aseve unda muvuTiToT, rom avtorebi iyeneben im mxaris for-mebs, saidanac TviTon arian warmoSobiT, am SemTxvevaSi dialeq-tis mxatvruli funqcia mxolod literaturismcodneobiTi da-kvirvebis velSi Sedis da ar gamoavlens misiT mweralTa miznob-riv dainteresebas (magaliTad xalxosnebSi). magram imave realiz-mis epoqaSi iwyeba dialeqturi formebis gamiznuli xmareba. esufro metad vlindeba moqmed pirTa metyvelebis aRwerisas.

am xerxis damkvidreba ilia WavWavaZis saxels unda ukavSir-debodes, radgan mis TxzulebebSi (mag.: `mgzavris werilebi~,`scenebi glexTa ganTavisuflebis droidan~, `sarCobelazed~) aS-karad ikveTeba personaJis metyvelebaSi dialeqturi formebismiznobrivi gamoyeneba; amasTan aq fiqsirdeba rogorc uSualodmoqmedi piris daxasiaTebis daniSnuleba, aseve eTnografiuli ko-loritis gamoxatvisa da mwerlis ideis gacxadebis funqcia.

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aseTi datvirTva gansakuTrebuli TaviseburebiT erTgvartradiciad iqceva vaJa-fSavelasa da al. yazbegis nawerebSi.rac avlens dialeqtis kidev erT literaturul daniSnule-bas,_ gamokveTos mwerlis stiluri Tavisebureba.

momdevno periodSi dialeqtis xmareba iqceva erTgvar li-teraturul Sablonad da XX saukunis mwerlobaSi sxvadasxvag-vari daniSnulebiT damkvidrebis tradiciac yalibdeba. gansa-kuTrebiT saCinoa is, rom misi xvedriTi wili izrdeba moder-nistul poeziaSi. postmodernizmSi ki dialeqtis eklektikurigamoyeneba literaturuli mimdinareobis niSnad formdeba.

qarTul literaturaSi dialeqtis funqcia sakmaod mra-valferovania da ar Semoifargleba mxolod erTi Tavisebure-biT. aseve saCinoa isic, rom is aqtiurad monawileobs litera-turuli procesebis ganviTarebaSi.

m a r i a m ko b e r i Z e (gori)

zedsarTavsaxeliani toponimebi fronesxeobis qarTlurSi

frones xeobis qarTlurSi zedsarTavsaxeliani toponimebimigvaniSneben saTibebis, saZovrebis, saxnav-saTesi adgilebis, sof-lebisa da sxvadasxva dasaxlebuli punqtebis raime niSan-Tvisebaze.

fersa da gemos migvaniSnebs toponimebi: laSe (mlaSe.mariliani miwebi ZvileTSi); civi (saxnavi adgili taSiskarSi);TeTri begebi (adgili avnevSi); qvaTeTri (sofeli znaurisraionSi); mlaSewyali (wyaro nabaxtevSi); qvaSava (adgiliCorCanaSi); Zirtkbila (adgili bayaanT ubanSi); yviTeli tba

(adgili bulbuliscixeSi); wiTelmiwebi (saTesi adgili abisSi)...obieqtis fizikuri daxasiaTeba saxeldeba toponimebSi:

grZeluremi (adgili fcaSi); grZeli velebi (saTibi adgilinulSi); didmuxa (sofeli znauris raionSi); patara cixiaTa

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(ubani yornisSi); rgvali seri (saZovari dvanSi); didbegebi

(adgili taxtisZirSi); wvrili miwebi (saTesi adgili axalSen-Si); cicqneTi (adgili axalSenSi); mSrali Rele (adgili Ta-gueTSi); noyiani (adgili xcisSi); nedlaTi (saTesi axalSenSi);tiliani wyaro (dvanSi); ZvileTi (ZveleTi. sofeli znaurisraionSi), dampala adgili (wyliani saxnavi adgili tkocaSi);brmaxevi (adgili axalSenSi); yruxevi (adgili, xevi); yrali-

Rele (Rele CorCanaSi); munimiwa (saTibi nulSi).-eb sufiqsiTaa warmodgenili toponimebi: laSeebi (mari-

liani miwebi breTSi); axalebi (adgili flevSi); wiTelaurebi

(adgili, saTesi avlevSi). zogjer –eb sufiqss dakarguli aqvsmravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxatvis funqcia.

frones xeobis qarTlurSi zedasTavsaxelian toponimTaumetesi nawili kompozitebia. msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli zed-sarTavi saxeli warmodgenilia fuZis saxiT: myraltba (myra-li tba. adgili TagueTSi); didaxo (adgili alSi); didmiwebi

(adgili xundisubanSi); TeTrkldiani seri (adgili oZisSi);SavWaleebi (adgili qvenatkocaSi); mSieri mamuli (saxnavi ad-gili axalSenSi); grZeli miwa (adgili alibarSi, znauris rai-onSi); koxiWalebis wyaro (moxisSi); koxtoba (adgili nulSi).

m a r i n e ku x al a S v il i (quTaisi)

kiTxviTi a nawilakis adgilisaTvis qarTuldialeqtTa Soris

kiTxviTi a nawilaki saerTo qarTveluri kuTvnilebaa. igiukavSirdeba svanur a, L da megrul o nawilakebs. uZveles qar-TulSi a unda yofiliyo maxviliani, xolo momdevno periodSiman dakarga maxvili, rac gaxda erT-erTi mizezi misi dakargvi-sa saliteraturo qarTulSi. Zvel qarTulSi kiTxviTi a nawi-lakis funqcia ukve Seryeulia, saSualo qarTulis ZeglebSi

43

(vefxistyaosani, visramiani, amirandarejaniani...) igi iSviaTaddasturdeba, xolo axalma saliteraturo qarTulma kiTxviTia mTlianad dakarga. axali qarTuli enis dialeqtTagan kiTxvi-Ti a Semoinaxes xevsurulma, TuSurma, fSaurma, ingilourma,fereidnulma, raWulma, nawilobriv mTiulurma da imerulma.zogierT dialeqtebSi (zemoimeruli, mTaraWuli, ingilouri...)kiTxviTi a gamoiyeneba kiTxviTsityvian winadadebaSic, rac imismaCvenebelia, rom am dialeqtSi aRniSnuli nawilakis funqciaSeryeulia.

kiTxvas gamoxatavs CakiTxviTi a (ha) nawilakic. misi gai-giveba Zveli qarTulis kiTxviT a nawilakTan ar SeiZleba. igiwarmoSobiT Sorisdebuli Cans.

T a m a r lo mT a Z e , m a r i n a q a c ar a v a (quTaisi)

sasaubro leqsikis markirebisaTvis qarTuli enisganmartebiT leqsikonebSi

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom leqsika yvelaze cvalebadi na-wilia enisa. igi mudmivad viTardeba, ivseba, ixveweba. yvelazemZafrad enisa da sazogadoebis mWidro kavSiri swored leqsi-kaSi vlindeba.

sasaubro leqsika, marTalia, dabali prestiJulobiT xasi-aTdeba, magram Tu Tvals gadavavlebT aseT sityvebs, SevxedavT,rom sityvis gadataniTi xmarebis SemTxvevebi, sityvaTa axalimniSvnelobis ganviTareba da saerTod, sityvaTa mniSvnelobas-Tan dakavSirebuli bevri sakiTxi swored aq iRebs saTaves.

garda imisa, rom slengidan salaparako enaSi gadasulibevri sityvis mniSvneloba saerTod aRuwerelia leqsikonebSi,aseve, zogierTi qarTuli sityvis gadataniTi an axali mniSvne-lobac, romlebic sasaubro enisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli ar

44

aris markirebuli. arada enis SemswavlelTaTvis, aseve kompiu-teruli lingvistikisaTvis, aseTi sityvebis srulyofili gan-marteba Zalze mniSvnelovani iqneba.

aqve markirebuli unda iyos da ZiriTadis gverdiT gani-martos is sityvebi, romlebic sasaubro enaSi gansxvavebulimniSvnelobiT ixmareba. magaliTisaTvis davasaxelebT ramdenimemaTgans: texavs, limoni, keravs da sxva.

sasaubro leqsikis umetesoba Tavadac sargeblobs qarTu-li saliteraturo enis leqsikiT da kidevac asazrdoebs mas.

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i (Tbilisi)

pirobiTi kilo svanur enaSi

rogorc cnobilia, dro-kiloTa formebi svanur zmnas, sa-literaturo enasTan SedarebiT, ufro mravlad moepoveba;`met~ mwkrivTa (a. SaniZe) Soris svanuri zmnis uRlebis tra-diciul paradigmaSi, garda e. w. `uxilavi~ formebisa (I seriisTurmeobiTebisa), Sedis usruli myofadi da usruli pirobi-Ti, Cveni SexedulebiT ki _ sruli myofadis ZiriTadpreverbi-ani saxeoba da III seriis pirobiT-SedegobiTebic.

v. Tofuria aRniSnavs, rom `kilo samia svanurSi: Txrobi-Ti, kavSirebiTi da brZanebiTi. amaTgan sagangebo niSnebi moe-poveba kavSirebiTs, sxvebs _ ara. TxrobiTsa da kavSirebiTsTav-Tavisi dro aqvT, amdenad isini erTmaneTTan arian gada-xlarTuli da erTadac ganixilaven dro-kiloTa saxeliT~.

svanuris saeWvooba-savaraudoobis gamomxatvel zmnur for-mebs, romelTac Cven `sakuTriv inferenciul mwkrivebs~ vuwo-debT, aRniSnul kiloTagan (TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi, brZanebi-Ti) verc erTi ver efardeba: TxrobiTisgan maT semantikaganasxvavebs, kavSirebiTisgan ki _ damoukideblad (vrceli kon-

45

teqstisa Tu modaluri leqsebis gareSe) epistemikuri moda-lobis martivi konstruqciis Seqmnis unari.

Cveni azriT, svanuri sakuTriv inferenciuli mwkrivebi

opoziciurobis TvalsazrisiT sruliad Tanabar pirobebSiarian TxrobiTi (neitraluri, indikatiuri) kilos formebTan,ramdenadac isini, mis (TxrobiTi kilos) msgavsad, qmnian neit-

ralur Sesityvebas (a. arabulis terminologiiT), rasac vervitviT kavSirebiTebze. semantikurad ki saanalizo formebimarkirebulni arian saeWvooba-savaraudobis niSniT, rac sa-boloo jamSi moqmedebis/movlenis Sesaxeb codnis pirobiTo-

bas (daudastureblobas) gulisxmobs:

lðdi mestias uCxe `dRes mestiaSi wvims~ Sdr. lðdi me-

stias iæCxini `dRes mestiaSi albaT (/SesaZloa) wvims~;alas RæaSð leRæ {Cu}xíma `amas jixvis xorci uWamia (=na-

Wami aqvs)~ Sdr. alas RæaSð leRæ {Cu}xëmi “amas jixvis xorcialbaT (SesaZloa) uWamia (=naWami eqneba)~...

pirobiTi kilos gadmocemis funqcia ZiriTadia SemdegimwkrivebisTvis:

inferenciuli awmyo (resp. usruli myofadi): ð-Îr-un-i`werdes iqneba~, `albaT wers~/`werdes iqneba~ (Sdr. neitralu-ri awmyo: ð-Î r-i `wers~);

inferenciuli (ZiriTadpreverbiani) sruli myofadi:{Cæ}ad-ìr-ne `albaT dawers/daweros iqneba~ (Sdr. neitralu-ri/kategoriuli, oden `windebul-Tandebuliani~ sruli myofa-di: Cæ-ð-Îr-i `dawers~);

usruli pirobiTi: ð-Îr-un-íl `albaT/SesaZloa/iqneb wer-da~ (Sdr. uwyveteli: ð-Îr-da `werda~);

sruli pirobiTi: ad-ìr-n-a `albaT/SesaZloa/iqneb dawer-da~ (Sdr. qarTuliseburi warmoebis pirobiTi, resp. xolmeo-

biTi: Cæ-ð-ir-da `dawerda~);pirobiT-SedegobiTi I: x-e-Îr-i `SesaZloa/albaT/iqneb

{da}uweria mas is~ = `{da}naweri eqneba~ (Sdr. usruli I Sede-gobiTi: x-o-Îr-a `{da}uweria~ = `{da}naweri aqvs~).

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pirobiT-SedegobiTi II: x-e-Îr-íl `{da}ewera albaT/iqnebmas is~ = `{da}naweri eqneboda~ (Sdr. usruli II SedegobiTi:x-o-Îr-ðn `{da}ewera mas is~ = `{da}naweri hqonda~).

pirobiTs calke kilod gamoyofen megrulSi (arn. Ciqobava,i. yifSiZe n. kotinovi, b. qobalava...), sadac is SesabamisimwkrivebiTaa gadmocemuli da mawarmoebelia -ko(n) sufiqsi.specialur literaturaSi (g. kartozia) aRniSnaven, rom `pi-robiTis mwkrivebi megrulSi warmoSobiT aRweriTi formebia,magram droTa ganmavlobaSi organul warmoebad qceulan~. sva-nurSi ki pirobiTi kilo zmnis organuli formebiT gamoixateba.

amrigad, svanur enaSi arsebobs sinTezuri zmnebi, romle-bic formiTa da semantikiT gansxvavdebian Sesabamisi droisTxrobiTi kilos zmnebisgan, xolo maTTan (TxrobiTi kilosformebTan) TanafardobaSi arian neitraluri, umciresi konteq-stis damoukideblad Seqmnis unariT; saanalizo formaTa kilopirobiTia. maSasadame, svanurSi pirobiTi kilo relevanturiada TxrobiTi kilos sruluflebian opozicias warmoadgens.

o m a r m e m i S i S i (baTumi)

brunvaTa funqciebi lazurSi

saxelobiTi brunvis funqciaTa Soris yvelaze mTavariaqvemdebarisa da pirdapiri damatebis gamoxatva. is eweva wode-biTi brunvis magivrobasac.

moTxrobiTi lazurSi mxolod qvemdebaris brunvaa: sxvaqarTvelur enaTagan gansxvavebiT lazurSi gardamaval zmnebTansamive seriaSi qvemdebare ergativSia. micemiTi lazurSi qvemde-barisa da iribi damatebis brunvaa. igi gamoiyeneba adgilisada drois garemoebad.

naTesaobiTi brunva aq gansazRvrebis funqcias asrulebs.naTesaobiTi brunvis niSans SeuZlia rom, Tu kavSiris fun-

47

qciis gamoxatva, roca is daerTvis zmnis formas. masdari naTe-saobiT brunvaSi momavali drois mimReobis fardia. cocxalmetyvelebaSi moqmedebiTi ubralo damatebis funqciiT rea-lizdeba.

mimarTulebiTi brunva Tandebuliani micemiTis funqciiTgamoiyeneba; mimarTulebiT brunvaSi dasmuli masdari lazurSiviTarebiTi brunviT gadmoicema.

daSorebiTi brunva udris Tandebulian naTesaobiTsa damoqmedebiTs.

m e d e a m e q v a b i S v i l i (Tbilisi)

jumaTis gurulis zogi fonetikuriTaviseburebis Sesaxeb

qarTuli enis dialeqtTa Soris guruls erT-erTi mniSvne-lovani adgili uWiravs. mis Sesaxeb sakmaod vrceli litera-tura arsebobs (s. Renti, i.megreliZe, g.imnaiSvili da sxv.),romelic ZiriTadad ramdenime aTeuli wlis win aris Seqmni-li. mas Semdeg, bunebrivia, dialeqtebma garkveuli cvlilebebiganicada, gansakuTrebiT fonetikuri procesebis Tvalsazri-siT. Cven swored am TvalsazrisiT SeviswavleT ozurgeTis ra-ionis sofel jumaTis metyveleba. aRmoCnda zogi mniSvnelovanigansxvaveba samecniero literaturasTan SedarebiT. gansakuTre-biT TvalSi sacemia sxvaoba TaobaTa Soris metyvelebaSi. Seve-xebiT ramdenime fonetikur process.

g.imnaiSvili aRniSnavs, rom mTel gurulSi gavrcelebuliapreverbiseul xmovanTa regresuli asimilacia formantiseulmomdevno xmovanTan: -ob-a sufiqsisa da sa-o konfiqsis o im-sgavsebs fuZiseul winamaval a xmovans srulad: muSooba, Teb-

zooba... da a.S. es formebi saSualo da ufrosi Taobis juma-TelTa metyvelebaSi dRes iSviaTia, axalgazrdebSi ki salite-

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raturo formiT ixmareba.m→f procesi: lefsi (←nemsi), fxare, fsxali... amJamad

jumaTelTa metyvelebaSi arcerT am SemTxvevaSi m ar gadadisf-Si da igi ucvlelad rCeba: nemsi, mxare, msxali.

d→t procesi damaxasiaTebelia am soflisaTvis, oRondaxalgazrdebSi iSviaTia: gakuWta, ktari, danwytouli, daan-

wytov (es ukanaskneli ZiriTadad `daanwyrov~ formiT gvxvdeba).jumaTelTa metyvelebaSi aRar gvxvdeba `karqi~ forma, mag-

ram gvaqvs deikarqa, gadaikarqa.gaxva (←gaxyva ←gahyva), xavs (←xyavs ←hyavs), xonda

(←xqonda ←hqonda) formebis nacvlad dRes axalgazrdebi xma-roben yavs, qonda, gayva formebs.

disimilacia met-naklebad Tavs iCens soflis metyvelebaSi.magram fuZiseuli -e-s ganmsgavseba, roca mas uSualod erTvis-eb (ee→ie): xiebi, Reliebi (agreTve, SivexveweT, SivediT) da-maxasiaTebelia mxolod asakovanTa metyvelebisaTvis (isic arayovelTvis).

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnuli TanxmovanTa disimi-laciidan jumaTSi ar gvxvdeba: n_m→n_v e. . ramdenive, ramo-

denivejer; m_n_m→m_l_m malamdi || malamde; m_n→m_l - im-

deli||imdoli, ramdoli (es formebi asakovanTa metyvelebaSiSeiZleba Segvxvdes).

gurulSi metaTezisi daaxloebiT erTnairad dasturdebayvelgan, Tumca samecniero litaraturaSi dadasturebuli me-taTezisebis SemTxvevebi, yvela jumaTelis metyvelebaSi erTnai-rad ar aris warmodgenili: asakovnebSi metaTezisi l_r→n_J,l_n→n_l, bm→mb da sxva TiTqmis ugamonaklisod gvaqvs (gamo-naklisad SeiZleba CaiTvalos: J_n→n_J _ noJavs, J_n→n_j -anjanyeba, rac araa am soflis metyvelebaSi, xolo xvedr→xvred, saerTod sityva `daxvedreba~ gamoiyeneba `daaxreda~formiT, Sesabamisad aq metaTezisze ver visaubrebT). axalgaz-rdebSi metaTezisis SemTxvevebi arasistemuria. dRes axalgaz-rdebSi ver SevxvdebiT formebs: yorisfeli (r_l→l_r), me-

nali (l_n→n_l), minuSi (n_m→m_n) ozrugeTi (zur→zru).

49

bgeris CarTvis procesidan yvelaze gavrcelebulia b, m, n,r, v bgerebis CarTva: gumbra, venwvale, anklovs, misdRemCi,umfro, murTaqa, urcxo, maSvin, nacixvari. gvaqvs k da p bge-rebis CarTvis SemTxvevebi: Wkvala, dapwna.

bgeraTa dakargva (maamisi, arkaci (←arakaci), veferi daa.S) da ukumSveli formebis (qmaris, wyaliza, saponiT da sxva)xmareba iseve gavrcelebulia jumaTelTa yvela Taobis metyveleba-Si, rogorc es araerT samecniero litareturaSia aRniSnuli.

amgvarad, samecniero litaraturaSi gurulisaTvis gamoyo-fili fonetikur movlenebidan amJamad sofel jumaTis metyve-lebaSi bevri aRar gvxvdeba, amasTan sxvadasxva Taobis metyve-lebaSi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi SeiniSneba. gasaTvaliswine-belia is garemoebac, rom TaviseburebaTa SenarCunebaSi didrols TamaSobs konkretuli piris ganaTlebis done.

k o b a m i T a g v a r i a (Tbilisi)

xmabaZviTi sityvebis zogi sakiTxisaTvis

cnobilia, rom xmabaZviTi sityvebi iseve Sedian ama Tu imenis ZiriTad leqsikur fondSi, msgavsad eqspresiuli Tu bav-Svis leqsikisa, rogoradac sxva leqsemebi. miuxedavad xmabaZvi-Ti, eqspresiuli da bavSvis leqsikis moarulobisa, aseTi si-tyvebi araa savaldebulo mainca da mainc erTi enidan meoreSiSesulad CaiTvalos _ isini, SesaZloa, damoukidebeli, konkre-tul enaTa enaTSemoqmedebis nayofic iyon (g. burWulaZe).

magaliTad, qarT. guguli yvela qarTvelur enaSi dastur-deba zan. gugul-i, svan. g�go (arn. Ciqobava), gigu, gego (g.klimovi).

am leqsemaTagan Zireulad gug- segmentia miCneuli da massaxaven saerToqarTveluri erTianobis droindel fuZed, Tum-ca svanuris monacemTa mimarTeba qarTul-zanur masalasTan

50

problematuradaa miCneuli, raki gugul onomatopoeturi bu-nebisaao (h. fenrixi, z. sarjvelaZe).

xmabaZviTia analogiuri saTanado fuZeebi, magaliTad, da-Restnur enebSic: xunZ. gigu, giqu, and. gagu; darg. giguT daaraq. Jiq´un (<*giqmun <*gigun) (g. burWulaZe). am mcire masalismixedviTac ki daRestnur enebSi qarTvelur enaTa *gug-is ekviva-lentur fuZeebSi Zireul morfemebad g, q, q´, J, C warmoCnda.

amosavali am TanxmovanTaTvis ki, cxadia, aris g, q...aseve xmabaZviTia qarTulSi yvavi, Cxikvi, ofofi da misTanani.amaTgan ofofi (megr. ofofi, Wan. ofamfe, svan. ofofa)

leqsemaze miuTiTeben, rom igi SesaZloa, qarTvelur enebSi Se-Tvisebuli iyoso (arn. Ciqobava) da udareben mas somx. jopop,laT. upupa romlebic indo-evropul *epop // upop-s ukavSire-biano (g. klimovi).

miuxedavad aseTi damTxvevisa, SesaZloa, arc es fuZe iyosSesuli qarTvelur enebSi, Sdr. mag. xunZuri efef `ofofi~(agreTve hudhud). ase rom, araa gamoricxuli `ofofis~ aR-mniSvneli fuZeebi damoukidebeli iyos da ara nasesxebi. amas-Tan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa arn. Ciqobavas Tvalsazrisi e. w.sabavSvo leqsikis erT SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT: `...savsebiTSesaZlebelia damoukidebeli msgavsi agebulebis sityva mivi-RoT sxvadasxva enaSi sesxebis gareSeo~. mag. qarT. babe� < ba-

ba�, zan. baba, Wan. baba, Turq. baba `mama~, afx. a-ab `mama~. ana-logiuri fuZeebi dasturdeba sxva kavkasiur enebSic.

kanonzomieri, regularuli bgeraTSesatyvisobani undadasturdebodes am rigis sityvebSic:

mag. mercxali <*merwixali; sadac wirx _ (rwix-) warmoSobiTxmabaZviTi fuZea, romelic mercxlis xmianobas, mis WikWiks asa-xavs~ (t. gudava). am fuZes megrulSi kanonzomierad SeesatyvisebamarWixoli (maWirxoli) (qarT. e: megr. a / qarT. w: megr. W).

qarT. RerRedi (*<RarRadi): Wan. RorRonji, megr. Ror-

Ronji, svan. RarRad `bati~.arn. Ciqobavam qarTulisaTvis amosavlad *RarRad-i `bati~

ivarauda, romlis kanonzomieri Sesatyvisia megrul-Wanuris

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Cven mier zemoT warmodgenili fuZeebi.qarTul *RarRad fuZeSi igive Zireuli morfemebia warmo-

dgenili, rac gvaqvs `laparaki~, `xmauris~ _ aRmniSvnel seman-tikur velSi gaerTianebul zog fuZeSi, rogoricaa, magali-Tad, RarRili `xmamaRla laparaki~ (gur., imer.), RaRaluri

`xmamaRali da tkbili galoba~ (gur.) (g. burWulaZe).

n i k o l o z o T i n a S v i l i (gori)

mcenareTa saxelwodebebis SeswavlisaTvis

zemo qarTlis xeobebSi enobrivi, onomatikuri masalis Se-grovebisas mcenareTa saxelebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli topo-nimiuri erTeulebic aRvnusxeT. isini sainteresoa da mraval-ferovania.

2009 wels enaTmecnierebis institutis samecniero konfe-renciaze, proeqti, romelic gaimarTa rusTavelis fondis da-finansebiT `samyaros xati _ xalxuri samedicino codnis eT-nolingvisturi analizi~, farglebSi warmovadgineT moxsenebasaTauriT `samkurnalo mcenareTa saxelebi zemo qarTlSi~.areali, etimologia, dialeqturi saxelebi, ramac sakmao dain-tereseba gamoiwvia.

mcenareTa saxelebi xSirad safuZvlad udevs toponimebs,isini iwarmoeba qarTveluri sityvawarmoebis saSualebebiT,romlebic dResac produqtiulia.

2009 wlis konferenciaze davaxasiaTeT saTovlia, igiveucuna, romelic istoriuli provincia gverdisZiris aRmosav-leTiT orboZalas mTazea gavrcelebuli. es mTa aris wyalgam-yofi mdinareebis patara liaxvisa da mejudisa. mTis aRmosavle-Tis mxridan saTaves iRebs patara Rele, romelsac mwyemsebi`ucunas Reles~ uwodeben. es mdinare saTaveSi bunebriv mRvime-Si warmoiqmneba, romelic sigrZiT orasi metria da adamiani

52

Sig Tavisuflad gaivlis. mRvimeSi sicivea da iqidan gamosulicivi haeri garT Tbil haers ejaxeba da warmoiqmnis yinulissqel fenas da ivlisis TveSic ki yinulia da mcired Tovli,ucunac ayvavebulia.

sxvadasxva xeobaSi davafiqsireT aseTi mcenareebi da xemce-nareebi, romelTa saxelebia: ekalRiWi, igive kankra, enZela,ifani, mravalZarRva igive ZaRlis ena, muxa, rko, rcxila, soWida sxvebi, romlebic enobrivi da dialeqturi saxesxvaobiTac sa-fuZvlad udevs toponimebs da istoriuladac ase momdinareoben.

mcenareTa saxelebidan unda moxdes saerTo Ziris aRdgena,rac enobrivad mniSvnelovani faqti iqneba.

i z o l d a r u s a Z e (quTaisi)

ilia Wyonias `sityvis konaSi~ saba-sulxanorbelianisa da daviT CubinaSvilis leqsikonebSigamotovebuli sityvebi(wignis gamocemidan 100 wlisTavis gamo)

naSromSi mocemulia ilia Wyonias `sityvis konis~ (1910w.)ganxilva. es leqsikoni Seicavs 1910 wlamde qarTul perio-dul presasa da JurnalebSi dabeWdil-saleqsikono erTeulebs.gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is masala, rac i. Wyonias moupo-vebia saba-sulxan orbelianisa da daviT CubinaSvilis leqsiko-nebSi gamotovebuli sityvebis saxiT.

wignis aRnagoba aseTia: 74 gverdze moTavsebulia 1857leqsikuri erTeuli. zust ganmartebebs axlavs miTiTeba, Turomeli dialeqtidanaa aRebuli da visi Sekrebilia masala.zogierTs miwerili aqvs gamoqveynebis adgilica da TariRic.

leqsikonSi gvxvdeba guruli, TuSuri, imeruli, imerxeu-li, leCxumuri, ingilouri, svanuri, fSauri, qarTluri,

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qarTl-kaxuri, Zveli qarTuli, xevsuruli dialeqturi erTeu-lebi da quTaTuri.

guruli sityvebi avtors a. gogvaZis, mamia gurulis, Ta-vad mixail nakaSiZis, nino nakaSiZis, simon gegenavas, telemakgurielis nawerebidan amoukrebia.

imeruli sityvebi vladimer bzvanelis, petre mirianaSvi-lis, imerlis, daviT kldiaSvilis, niko abduSeliSvilis, s. da-TeSiZis, konstantine erisTavis, konstantine yifianis nawerebi-dan da zogierTis Sedgenili saleqsikono masalebidan aqvs Se-tanili `sityvis konaSi~ avtors.

ingilouri mose janaSvilis nawerebidan aqvs amokrebili,fSaur sityvebze vaJa-fSavela da baCana arian miTiTebulni,svanuri _ Tavisufali svanis, qarTluri ekaterine gabaSvilisTxzulebebidan, qarTl-kaxuri ki zaqaria gulisaSvilis naSro-mebidan aris amokrebili.

wigni gamocemulia peterburSi 1910 wels (типография им-ператорской академий наукъ). axlavs rusul enaze SedgeniliПредисловие, romelsac xels awers niko mari. aqvea moTavsebu-li Semoklebuli sityvebisa da saTaurebis, avtorebisa da Semk-rebelTa saxel-gvarebis axsna (gv. IV-V) .

saleqsikono erTeulebi damowmebulia sxvadasxva dialeqte-biT.

ilia Wyonias sityvis konidan bevri sityva Seemata qarTu-li enis rvatomian ganmartebiT leqsikons (1950-1964). aseve, aqwarmodgenili leqsikuri erTeulebi Sevida al. Rlontis qar-Tul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis konaSi ( Tb., 1984).

i. Wyonias `sityvis kona~ qarTuli saliteraturo enis sa-rezervo fondia. is aucilebeli da saWiroa qarTvelur enaTaistoriul-SedarebiTi SeswavlisaTvis.

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m a k a s a l i a (zugdidi)

`uzeke~ leqsemisaTvis megrulSi

megrulSi dasturdeba frazeologiuri gamonaTqvami uze-

keT muTun veyinia, mTqmelTa axsniT, misi mniSvneloba aseTia`bedisweris gareSe araferi iqnebao (moxdebao)~.

aRniSnul frazeologizmSi sayuradReboa (megr.) uzeke

forma, romlis gamoyenebis sxva SemTxveva CvenTvis araa cnobili.d. fifias saleqsikono masalis mixedviT, uzekoT (megr.)

zmnizedaa da ganmartebulia rogorc `umizezod~ (salit. qarT.).vfiqrob, u-zek-e uaryofiTafiqsiani leqsemaa. zek- saer-

ToqarTveluri zak- Ziris varianti unda iyos: uzeke

uzakve uzakue.o. qajaias ganmartebiT, zakua (zakuas) saxelia zakuns

zmnisa _ 1. zakva, Cxibva _ gaTvalva. mazakvalef zakuas nite

Suro vayuas. q.x.s. I. gv.24. _ `mzakvrebi zakvaSi netavi sulacar iyvnen. minsiT Wiri oWirudu, vara miTin bzakundes: q.x.s.I. gv.330 _ `zogsac Wiri sWirda, an vinme gagTvalavda...~ (o.qajaia II, gv. 8). aqve dasturdeba zak- Ziriani gozaku `gaTva-la~, guuzaku `gauTvalavs~, mazakvali `mzakvari~... uzaku,

uguzaku `gauTvalavi~ Sdr. zakua (iqve, gv. 9); avtors Setani-li aqvs uzekoT formac da miTiTebulia, rom es leqsema d.fifias saleqsikono masalidanaa (o. qajaia III, gv.57).

saerToqarTvelur zakua leqsemas vxvdebiT sulxan–sabaorbelianis leqsikonSi: zakua (zakva) ,,zakva aris piriT siyva-rulsa iCemebdes da guliTa boroti daimarxos. mzakvari eSmakiaris... (saba, I, gv.273).

Zvel qarTulSi zakuva _ veragoba (z. sarjvelaZe, 2004,gv.431); uzakuveli _ `marTali~, uzakuvelobai ` `simar-Tle~ (z. sarjvelaZe, 2004, gv. 519).

Cveni azriT, megruli uzeke igivea rac, uzakuveli (Zv. qarT.),romelic semantikurad daukavSirda `bedisweras~: uzekeT mu-

Tun veyinia `bedisweris gareSe araferi iqnebao (moxdebao)~.

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ru sud a n s a R i n a Z e (quTaisi)

zogierTi nasaxelari zmnis semantikisaTvis imerulSi

1. qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi gavrcelebulia saxelurfuZeTagan nawarmoebi zmnebi, romelTa semantikac SeiZleba gan-xilul iqnes rogorc saerToqarTvelur, ise konkretulad er-Ti dialeqtis, kerZod, imerulis doneze. magaliTad, imerulSiaris zmnuri forma aianceba (= aforiaqeba: aaiancebs yvela-fers), romlis amosavali saxeluri fuZea anci _ celqi, dau-degari, mousvenari (Cveulebriv iTqmis bavSvze) (qegl, I, 71).imer. aianceba ar dasturdeba leqsikonebSi, Tumca amave Zirisnasaxelari zmnebi gvxvdeba qarTuli enis sxva dialeqtebSi,kerZod, qarTlursa da gurulSi: aanceba _ akleba, aforiaqeba(al. Rlonti, gv. 19); ingilourSi aris: avanceba = akleba.aivances _ aikles, aaforiaqes (iqve, gv. 24).

2. zogjer dialeqtSi esa Tu is nasaxelari zmna ifarToebsmniSvnelobas. magaliTad, bani polisemantikuri sityvaa. misierT-erTi mniSvneloba ukavSirdeba xmas, simReras: bani _ xma,romelic ewyoba simReras. bans eubneba.◊ bans miscems (aZlevs)(qegl, I, 119). imerulSi gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT dasturde-ba am saxelisagan nawarmoebi zmna aebanieba: amebania = ametor-Riala, amyva (magaliTad, saqmeSi). abanieba _ sxvaze ayola, ga-toleba, atorRialeba (l. ukleba, 2010, gv. 17);

3. saerToqarTvelur doneze sainteresoa kunZ- / yunW-

/yunc- / yunT-/kuncx- saxelur fuZeTagan nawarmoebi zmnebisganxilva: imerulSi aris: deikunZa (< kunZ-) = daixara; dei-

kunZeba = moxrili dadis. dakunZva (gur.) dakuzva, daxra (al.Rlonti, gv. 176). amave semantikisaa yunc- / kuncx- Ziriszmnebi: daiyunca / daikuncxa = Caicucqa. amosavali Ziri saer-ToqarTvelur doneze iqneba: *yuc-.

qarT. yuc- / yunc-i: yunc-ul-i. qarTul yunc- (< *yuc-)

Zirs Seesatyviseba megruli ‡uc- (h. fenrixi, z. sarjvelaZe, gv.

56

546): megr. ‡uc-u-a / ‡uc-in-i = yuncva; v-o-‡uc-u-q = viyunce-biT.

amave semantikur vels SeiZleba davukavSiroT dayunTebu-

li (fS.) = daskupebuli, wamomjdari ZaRli, bayayi (al. Rlon-ti, gv. 193).

4. imerulSi dasturdeba sxva nasaxelari zmnebi: daboJia-

lobs º daboJirobs (< boJiali º boJiri < boJi) (Sdr.: fS.aboJirebs _ erTmaneTSi revs, Slis, awiokebs); dayaWva (< yaW)

= daxarjva (fulisa): dayaWa fulebi; CamoyaWva = fulis micema;ambebis Tqma. CamoyaWe fulebi / ambebi; amokuWva (< kuW)

(imer., raW.) amoZroba, ZiriT amogdeba, amoTxra; gakuWva // ga-

kuWianeba = gabrazeba (gur. _ r. saRin.). gakuWianeba das-turdeba Cveneburebis qarTulsa da taourSi (S. futk.). sema-natikuri gadawevis Sedegad unda iyos miRebuli imeruli da-

kuWva = daWmuWvna: daikuWeba grdm. (kuTx.) ix. daiWmuWneba(qegl, I, 376) ( Sdr.: qarTl. dakunWva = daWmuWvna (al. Rlon-ti, gv. 176), agreTve: imer., leCx. daWuWkna _ dakuSna = daW-muWna) (iqve, 199)...

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili saleqsikono masala sainteresoiqneba dialeqturi leqsikonebis srulyofis TvalsazrisiT.

n a T i a f o n i a v a (Tbilisi)

afxazebiT dasaxlebuli aWarissoflebis toponimiidan

aWaris toponimias mieZRvna rogorc monografiuli, isecalkeuli gamokvlevebi. moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT aWaris im sof-lebis toponimias, romlebSic XIX saukuneSi gadasaxlebuliafxazi muhajirebi dasaxldnen.

muhajiri afxazebi ZiriTadad mkvidrobdnen qalaq baTumsa

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da mis axlomdebare soflebSi. amJamad baTumSi afxazebi kom-paqturad cxovroben e.w. garadokSi da ludis qarxnis dasax-lebaSi, romelsac adre `afxazebis ubani~ hrqmevia, aseve aWa-ris soflebSi.

toponimebi CaviwereT Semdeg soflebSi: feria, salibauri,Warnali, qveda sameba. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom adre damoukideb-lad arsebuli soflebi (angisa, adlia) administraciuli cvli-lebebis Sedegad SeurTda qalaq baTums da adre arsebuli to-ponimebis dakargvisTvis amasac unda Seewyo xeli. moxsenebaSiganvixilavT im toponimebs, romlebic gamocemul gamokvlevebSiaraa Setanili, an Sesulia sxva statusiT. TiToeul toponimsfrCxilebSi vuTiTebT gavrcelebis adgils.

masalis analizisas gamoikveTa iseTi ubnebi, romelTa sa-xeldeba momxdara saTanado teritoriaze ama Tu im gvaris da-saxlebis mixedviT: qavTaraZeebi _ ubani (s. Warnali) (sawar-moeblad gamoyenebulia mravlobiTobis –eb sufiqsi).

mdinareebi: Warnali (adre hrqmevia tyesa da Reles), sia-

goli (s. Warnali) (Turq. sıra `rigi, mwkrivi~, göl `tba~), bar-

cxana (qveda sameba), mejinis wyali (s. adlia).Releebi: CaxCaxanis Rele (CarCaxani _ i. sixaruliZe),

CermuxRele (s. Warnali). sxva soflebSi (feria, qveda sameba,salibauri) Releebs konkretuli saxelebi ar moepovebaT, zo-gadi saxeliT (Rele) moixsenieben.

wyaroebi: kokis wyaro (s. Warnali), axmedis wyaro (s. sa-libauri). wyaroTa saxelwodebebis pirveli komponenti anTro-ponimia.

tbebi: abanos wyali (s. Warnali) (abanowyali _ tye, Re-le _ i. sixaruliZe) _ samkurnalo tba.

saZovrebi: didi duzi, debiqduzi (sixaruliZesTan arisdibegduzi), aliaRi duzi (s. Warnali). Sesityvebis meore wev-ri aris Turqulidan nasesxebi duzi (Turq. düz `vake~).

WarnalSi yofila Cais plantacia, sadac mogvianebiT xalxiZaliT SeWrila da dasaxlebula. amis gamo daurqmeviaT naZa-

ladebi.

58

WarnalSi tyidan gamodis CanCqeri da aRniSnul adgilsacCanCqeri hqvia.

i. sixaruliZesTan s. Warnalis zogi toponimi Cais planta-cias an citrusovan adgils aRniSnavs, amjerad iq samosaxloe-bia: qurTluRi (qurTebis ubani; -luR-i (<luk) _ daniSnule-bis gamomxatveli Turquli sufiqsi) da yuzixana (Cven davadas-tureT yuziyana||kuziyana) `sabatkne~, sadac yuzi||kuzi <Turq. kuzu `batkani~).

mnaTobi calke sofladaa gamoyofili i. sixaruliZesTan,amjerad sofel feriaSi Sedis.

i. sixaruliZis monografiebTan Cveni masalebis SedarebamgviCvena, rom bevri toponimi daviwyebas miscemia.

ucnauria, magram vercerT sofelSi ver davadastureTafxazuri toponimebi, Tumca aq afxazebi 100 welze metia sa-xloben (i. sixaruliZes dadasturebuli aqvs erTaderTi afxa-zuri toponimi s. angisaSi _ aarcti abaara).

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba zogierT toponimTan da-kavSirebuli mecnieruli da xalxuri etimologiebi.

n i n o f x a k a Z e (quTaisi)

lingvokulturuli fenomeni da dialeqti

1. samyaros lingvisturi transformacia enobrivi koleq-tivis erTgvari xedvis Sedegia.

2. samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia urTierTsapi-rispiro Sexedulebebi enisa da erovnuli identobis mimarTe-bis Sesaxeb. Cven samarTlianad migvaCnia is Sexeduleba, romlismixedviTac, qarTvelTa istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobadasabamidanve avlens umniSvnelovanes kavSirs eTnikurobasTanda enobriv `ideologias~ mTeli eris sakuTrebad warmoaCens.

59

3. Tanamedrove lingvisturi azrovnebis orientirebam an-Tropologiur Tvalsazrisze cxadi gaxada enis Seswavlis saWi-roeba socialuri statusis mqone pirovnebaze orientirebiT,romelic kulturuli garemos warmomadgenelia.

4. ena socialuri procesia (labovi). enobrivi koleqtivissocialuri araerTgvarovneba ganapirobebs enobrivi variantis_ dialeqtis _ kvlevis aucileblobas socialur-kulturuligansxvavebulobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

5. variantuloba unda ganvixiloT rogorc mTliani po-tenciis nairgvari realizebis SesaZlebloba. mTlianoba gansa-kuTrebiT kargad mJRavndeba eTnokulturuli Rirebulebebislingvisturi manifestaciiT. eTnokultura qronologiuri dasivrculi ganzomilebebis mravalferovani Senakadebis gamaer-Tianebelia. gansxvavebuloba eTnokulturis komponentTa er-Tobliobad warmoidgineba. es aris mTlianoba, romlis erTgva-robasac koleqtivis erTgvari aRqma adasturebs. komunikaciisefeqturoba enis tevadobiTa da masSi akumulirebuli kultu-ruli codniT aris safuZveldebuli. konceptTa formireba, ma-Ti gamoxatva da aRqma mTliani procesis ganuyofeli nawilebia.

6. dialeqti, rogorc enis Sinaarsobrivi siRrmis warmo-mCeni struqtura, enobrivi koleqtivis azrovnebis, zneobriviorientirebis, sulieri swrafvis gamomxatvelia. masSi samyarossuraTi enobrivi sazogadoebis lingvokulturuli konceptos-feros adekvaturia. sayovelTaod cnobilia qarTuli kultu-ris qronologiuri siZvele da Sinaarsobrivi siRrme.

7. statiaSi ganxilulia lingvokulturuli fenomenis ver-balizebis zogierTi aspeqti qarTuli dialeqtebis mixedviT.

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m e d e a G l o n t i (Tbilisi)

kiTxviTi -a nawilakis funqciuri kvalifikaciisaTvisqarTuli enis dialeqtebsa da qarTul oTxTavSi

1. Zvel qarTulsa da qarTuli enis ramdenime dialeqtSi(mTis dialeqtebSi, garda moxeurisa, aseve ingilourSi, raWul-Si, imerulSi) kiTxviT nawilakTagan produqtiulobiT gamo-irCeva -a, romelic zogjer kiTxviT -me nawilakTan erTadaa:mTiul.: `ar dardobs-a dedaSeni?~; `ara-me-a ornive jurRmul-sa STac‚en?~ (l. 6,39). mTiulur-gudamayrulsa da fSaur dia-leqtebSi, aseve svanurSi, kiTxviTi -a nawilakis win Cndeba in-tervokaluri � (fS. `wavida-�-a?~; svan. `xoxa-�-a?~ = `icis?~),xolo xevsurulSi kiTxviT -a nawilaks zogjer mosdevs xmovani-e (wavides-a-e?), romelic imerulSi kiTxviT -a nawilaks Caa-nacvlebs: `ra uyoT-e?~ (ak. SaniZe, b. jorbenaZe).

kiTxviTi -a nawilaki gamoricxavs kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelisarsebobas kiTxviT winadadebaSi (ak. SaniZe, T. uTurgaiZe), ga-monaklisia ingilouri, sadac -a nacvalsaxelis an zmnizedisSemcvel konstruqciaSic iCens Tavs: `min aris-a?~ = `vin aris?~(b. jorbenaZe). varaudoben, rom kiTxviTi -a nawilaki Zvel qar-TulSi jer erTmarcvlian wevrebTan daismoda da Semdeg ganzo-gadda (S. afridoniZe), xolo -a nawilakis dasustebisa da ga-qrobis mizezad asaxeleben mis umaxvilobas Zvel qarTulSi(arn. Ciqobava, ak. SaniZe, T. uTurgaiZe).

2. kiTxviTi -a nawilaki, kiTxviTi -me nawilakisagan gansxva-vebiT, miCneulia SekiTxvis gramatikul morfemad, romlis fun-qciaa, awarmoos mxolod kiTxviTi forma (T. uTurgaiZe). ammxriv, yuradRebas iqcevs qarTuli oTxTavis Sesabamisi masala,kerZod: -a kiTxviTnawilakiani (55) da me+a kiTxviTnawilakia-ni (4) konstruqcia, romelTagan:

a) 25-Si kiTxviTi -a nawilaki oden zmna-Semasmenels daer-Tvis (`gulisƒma-hyavT-a ese yoveli?~ _ m. 13,51);

b) 30-Si kiTxviT -a nawilakdarTul zmna-Semasmenels ax-

61

lavs nawilakebi: ara `ar~ (12-gzis), ara amisT‚s `imitom ar~(1-gzis), arcaRa ese `arc es~ (1-gzis), anu `gana~, anu ara `ganaar~ (3-gzis), anu ara ese `gana es ar~ (2-gzis), nu `gana; nuTu~(1-gzis), nuukue `gana; nuTu~ (2-gzis), ukue `maS; nuTu~ (2-gzis); drois zmnizeda arasada `arasdros~ (2-gzis), viTarebiszmnizeda esreT `ase~ (1-gzis). 2 sintaqsuri konstruqcia zmna-Semasmenlis elifsisis Semcvelia: `ufalo, raoden-gzis Semco-dos Zmaman Cemman, da miuteo mas? vidre S‚d-gzisamde-a [Se-mcodos]?~ (m. 18,21); `ukueTu Tiva� igi velisa�, romelidRes ars da xvale Tornesa STaegznis, RmerTman esreT Semo-sis, ara-me ufro�s Tquen-a [Segmosis], mcired-morwmuneno?~ (m.6,30);

g) ukanaskneli magaliTi erT-erTia 4 sintaqsur konstruq-ciaTagan, romlebSic kiTxviTi -a nawilaki kiTxviT -me nawi-lakTan erTadaa: xan Serwymulad _ ara-me+a (l. 6,39), xan gan-kveTilad - ara-me ... -a (m. 6,26; 12,11).

3. samive tipis -a kiTxviTnawilakiani konstruqcia, Tavian-Ti mizandasaxulobiT, ganekuTvneba saZiebo da saswavlo-samo-ZRvrebo (SegonebiT) SekiTxvebs. qarTul oTxTavSi arsebuliyvela -a kiTxviTnawilakiani konstruqcia ugamonaklisod Sei-cavs SekiTxvis erTsa da imave semantikur motivacias,

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi kiTxviT -a nawilaks moepovebakiTxviTobis semantikis gamomxatveli mravalwaxnagovani fun-qcia (CakiTxva _ sapasuxo dadasturebis motivaciiT, Txovna,molodini, gakvirveba, gancvifreba, daeWveba da sxva). amis sapi-rispirod, qarTul oTxTavSi kiTxviT -a nawilaks aqvs erTa-derTi funqcia: CakiTxva-CaZieba an dazusteba-dakonkreteba _dadasturebis (da ara alternatiuli, anu dadastureba-uaryo-fis) motivaciiT, rac axal qarTulad umeteswilad gadmoicemaCakiTxva-CaZiebis gana (iSviaTad _ gakvirvebis nuTu) kiTxviTinawilakiT, romelic zogjer elifsisiTaa warmodgenili: `anu

ara jer-ars-a Cemda, ra�ca mindes, yofad Cemsa zeda?~ = `ganaar SeiZleba, rogorc minda, ise moveqce Cemsas?~ (m. 20, 15);`vis ukue Tquengansa mamasa sTxovdes Ze pursa, nuukue qva? mi-

62

sces-a mas?~ = `romeli Tqvenganis mama, Tu sTxovs Ze purs,gana / nuTu qvas miscems mas?~ (l. 11, 11); `Sen ukue xar-a ZeRmrTisa??~ = `nuTu Sen xar Ze RmrTisa?~ (l. 22, 70).

qarTuli oTxTavis saanalizo masala adresant-adresatisgadanawilebis TvalsazrisiTac aris sayuradRebo: 33 sintaq-sur konstruqciaSi adresanti (SemkiTxveli) ufali ieso qris-tea, xolo danarCen 26-Si igi an adresatia, an kidev adresantimasTan mimarTebiT svams SekiTxvas _ igia SekiTxis obieqti. ad-resant-adresatis gadanawilebis amgvar Taviseburebas ganapiro-bebs saxarebiseuli SekiTxvis sagangebo saRvTismetyvelo daniS-nuleba: mkiTxvelisa Tu msmenelis gulisyuri cxonebis Ziebisa-ken bunebrivad aRZruli SekiTxvebiT warimarTos.

x a T u n a K a n d a S v i l i (Tbilisi)

mravalgzisobis gamoxatva vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi

vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi mravalgzisobis gamoxatvissxvadasxva saSualeba gamovlinda. poemebSi moqmedeba ZiriTadadxdeba xevsureTsa da fSavSi da es faqti mniSvnelovania immxrivac, rom am dialeqtebSi mravalgzisoba organulad gamoi-xateba; niSandoblivia isic, rom xevsurulsa da fSaurSi mra-valgzisobis formobrivad gansxvavebulia: xevsurulSi I da IIpirs awarmoebs -id-i sufiqsi, fSaurSi _ -od-i, xolo orivedialeqts III piris forma Zveli qarTulis msgavsad ewarmoeba.vaJas poeziaSi mravalgzisobis gamoxatvis orive dialeqtisTvisdamaxasiaTebeli formebi gamoiyeneba.

II xolmeobiTis III piris formebi:`roca gamoCndis Rrubeli/ wvimam daiwyis Sriali,

devT laxti miuRirian/ da astexian Rrialigaqris wvima da Rrubelma/ ukve iwyian triali~

(`kopala~)

63

rogorc aRvniSneT, xevsurulSi xolmeobiTis mwkrivs IIIpiris forma Zveli qarTulis msgavsad ewarmoeba, magram vaJas-Tan gamovlinda imgvari SemTxveva, III piris xolmeobiTis formaI da II piris analogiiT iwarmoeba gaafxavidis, I da II piris-id-i sufiqsiani formebi ki ar Segvxvedria:

`es rom aludam gaigo,/ Tofs daupira talio, aisxa iaraRebi,/ gaafxavidis xmalio~.

(`aluda qeTelauri~)vaJasTan SevxvdiT fSaurisTvis damaxasiaTebel -od-i su-

fiqsiT nawarmoeb xolmeobiTis mwkrivebs, romlebic II pirisformebiT gadmoicema da gamoxatavs Txovna-mudaras. xolmeobi-Tis amgvari warmoeba fSaurisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli:

`maRlisa mTisa wverzeda/ saflavi gamiTxarodi,

Cemis samSoblos qviSani/ xSir-xSirad momayarodi~. (`simRera~)vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi zogjer mravalgzisoba uwyvet-

lis mwkriviT gamoixateba:`netavi imas, vinaca,/ magis mklavzeda swveboda,

visisa mkerdi, aw kruli,/ magis gul-mkerdze swveboda~. (`stumar-maspinZeli~)vaJasTan mravalgzisoba agreTve gamoixateba leqsikuri sa-

SualebebiT:`es iyo mudam, WkvaTxelo/ Cvenis gaJletis cdaSia,

mglurad rom gveteveboda,/rom gvijdeboda gzaSia~ (`stumar-maspinZeli~)kidev erTi magaliTi:

`icoda, gvelsa hxarSavden, imasa sWamden xSirada; qajni qajobiT itanden/ gvelis miRebas purada~. (`gvelis mWameli~)

rogorc vxvdebiT, vaJas SemoqmedebaSi SevxvdiT mravalgzi-sobis gamoxatvis iseT saSualebebs rogoricaa xolmeobiTismwkrivebi, uwyvetlis mwkrivebi da leqsikuri saSualebebi, mag-ram ar gvxvdeba saliteraturo qarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli`xolme~ nawilaki.

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n a t o S a v r e S i a n i , m e d e a s a Gl i a n i (Tbilisi)

ukavSiro hipotaqsuri winadadebisaTvis svanurSi

ØÅÄßÚÏÁÉË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ, ÒÏÝÀ ÃÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀ-

ÒÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÂÀÍÉ ÍÉÛÍÄÁÉ (ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ, ßÄÅÒ-ÊÀÅ-ÛÉÒÄÁÉ) ×ÏÒÌÏÁÒÉÅÀà ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ, ÌÉÖáÄÃÀÅÀà ÀÌÉÓÀ,

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÈÀ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÌÀÉÍÝ ÃÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÉÈÉÀ. ÀÓÄÈ

äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÌÀÅÀËÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÌÉ-ÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÈÀÍ ÉÍÔÏÍÀÝÉÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ.

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÏ ØÅÄßÚÏÁÉË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÆÄ

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ØÅÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÀÒÝÈÖ áÛÉÒÀà ÃÀÓ-ÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ. ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀÏÁÀÀ ÉÍÔÏÍÀÝÉÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈÀÝ, ÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÏ

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ ÉÍÔÏÍÀÝÉÀ ÚÅÄËÀÆÄ ÂÀÌÏÊÅÄÈÉËÉÀ ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀ-

ËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ, ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÉÈ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ (ÆÏÂãÄÒ ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒ-ÛÉÝ), ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÀÛÊÀÒÀà ÂÅÀÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÍÄÁÓ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÀÍ ÓÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÄËÉ

ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÊÏÍÐÄÍÓÉÒÄÁÀÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓáÅÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÈÀÍ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ. ÌÀÂ.:

ËêÒíËðÒÜîÍ ÄÓÙÒ'ëÜØÀÓ ËÉÆéÒÆÄ ËðÎÁÉÍÄ (ÁÆ., ÓÅÀÍ. ÄÍÉÓØÒÄÓÔ., 69) `ÌÉÍÃÏÒÆÄ {ÒÏÌ} ÜÀÃÉÏÃÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÁÖÔÁÖÔÉ ÃÀÉßÚÏ

(`ÓÀÈÉÁÄÁ{Ó}ØÅÄ ÌÉÃÉÓ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÁÖÔÁÖÔÉ ÃÀÉßÚÏ)"

ËÉÂÄÌÓ ØÀ ÉËÉÄÓÂá, ÄÜØÀÍÙæÄ ÓÂÀ áÏÛæÄÌá ËÄÌÀÓÂæ (ÁØ., ÓÅÀÍ.ÄÍÉÓ ØÒÄÓÔ., 198) `ÀÛÄÍÄÁÀÓ {ÒÏÌ} ÌÏÉËÄÅÓ, ÌÄÒÄ ÛÄÖÍÈÄÁÄÍ ÝÄÝáËÓ

(`À-Â-ÄÁ-À-Ó ÃÀÀÌÈÀÅÒÄÁÄÍ. ÌÄÒÄ ÛÄÖÍÈÄÁÄÍ ÝÄÝáËÓ")"

ÀËÄ ÁÄÓÉÓ ØÀ áÀÓéÍÃ, Ñ'ÄÍÊÉà ÑÀâ (ËÛá., ÓÅÀÍ. ÄÍÉÓ ØÒÄÓÔ., 249) `ÄÓÁÄÓÉÓ {ÒÏÌ} ÛÄÌÏÄÓÌÀ, ÀÉÙÏ ÔÉÊÉ (`ÄÓ ÁÄÓ-É-Ó ÛÄÌÏÄÓÌÀ, ÀÉÙÏ ÔÉÊÉ")"

ÆÀ Ø'ÀÌÄÜÄÃ, áÏÛÊÏÌÍÀ ÄÜØÀ ÌÉÜÀ ÂÀÓÀÌÒãÄËÏ (ËÍÔ., ÓÅÀÍ. ÄÍÉÓ

ØÒÄÓÔ., 249) `ßÄËÉßÀÃÉ {ÒÏÌ} ÂÀÓÖËÀ, ÖÈáÏÅÉÀ ÌÀÛÉÍ ÈÀÅÉÓÉÂÀÓÀÌÒãÄËÏ (`ßÄËÉ ÂÀÓÖËÀ, ÖÈáÏÅÉÀ ÌÀÛÉÍ ÌÉÓÉ ÂÀÓÀÌÒãÄËÏ")"

ËéãÀÓ ÄãÙÀ áÀÈÒÄá ÀÌÆÖÌ áÀÍÓ, áÏÜêÌà ËÏØ ÉÝáÄÌ (ÜÏË.) `ÒÞÄÓ

ÉÌÉÔÏÌ ÀÓÌÄÅÄÍ ÀÌÃÄÍÉ áÀÍÉ, ÊÀÒÂÀà ÂÀÉÆÒÃÄÁÀÏ (`ÒÞÄÓ ÉÌÉÓÈÅÉÓÀÓÌÄÅÄÍ ÀÌ-ÆÏÌÀ áÀÍ-Ó, ÊÀÒÂÀÃÏ ÉÆÒÃÄÁÀ")".

áÛÉÒÀà äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÛÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃ-

ÂÄÍÉËÉ ÓÀÊÏÒÄËÀÝÉÏ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÌÀÈÉ ÀÙÃÂÄÍÀ, ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ

65

ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ, ÀÃÅÉËÀà ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ. ÀÌ ÓÀáÉÓ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÛÉÝ ÀÒÀÄÒÈÂÅÀ-ÒÏÅÀÍÉ ÓÖÒÀÈÉÀ.

e T e r S e n g e l i a (Tbilisi)

samoslis sawarmoeblad gamoyenebuli xelsawyoebissaxelwodebani megrul-lazurSi

samoslis sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxis xelsa-wyo. am TvalsazrisiT leqsika farTod aris warmodgenili me-grul-lazurSi.

mocemul semantikur jgufSi gaerTianebulia samoslis Se-sakerad, mosaqsovad, mosaqargad, gamosaTlel-gamosaWrelad, ga-sazomad gamoyenebul xelsawyoTa saxelwodebani.

samoslis Sesakerad gamoyenebul xelsawyoTa saxelwode-bani:

megr. leS-i || lefS-i || lifS-i || liS-i || �eS-i `nemsi~,laz. lemS-i; megr. liSiS-i ‡uj-i `nemsis yunwi~, laz. lemSiS-i ‡uj-i; megr. liSiS-i wvanj/d-i; megr. maxaT-i `maxaTi~, laz.did-i lemS-i || biz-i; megr. odgiS-i `sadgisi~, laz. ipet-i;megr. saTiTe `kervis dros saxmari~ (xelsawyo), laz. saTiT-i ||luqsuR-i; megr. oWali maSina || manqana sakeravi manqana, laz.oWuSi maqena || maqina || maqena || maSina || maSena; megr. xeS-imaSina || maSˆna `xelis manqana~ laz. xeS-i maSena || maqena; megr.kuCxiS-i maSina `fexis manqana~, laz. kuCxeS-i maqena.; megr.marqva `maqo~ megr. marsa `masra~, laz. masla `marsa~.

samoslis mosaqsovad gamoyenebul xelsawyoTa saxelwodebani:megr. daZga `dazga~; megr. bzing-i `saqsovi dazgis nawili~;

megr. abxa || afxa || afxva 1. `beWi, cxenis wina fexebi~; 2. sa-qsovi mowyobilobis nawili, savarcxeli. laz. afxa `saqsovidazgis nawili~; megr. orSval-i `qseli, saqurali, sagurali~;megr. farfalia `saqsovi dazgis nawili, igivea, rac sarsoli~;

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megr. Ceria `TiTistari, Ceria~; megr. yaznax || yaznax-i `yaisna-Ri~; megr. Cxir-i (Cxiref-i) `Cxiri~ (`Cxirebi~) || oSual-iCxir-i (Cxiref-i) `saqsovi Cxiri~ (`Cxirebi~), laz. mCxil-i`Cxiri (saqsovi)~ || oSuSi Cxirefe; megr. rule `saqsovi da-zgis nawili~; megr. saorSualo; megr. saoSuale riki `saqsovimowyobiloba~; megr. orcxonj-i || orcxond-i `savarcxeli (sa-qsovi dazgis nawili)~, laz. oncxonj-i, ocxoj-i `savarcxeli~;laz. mcxaj-i `savarcxeli (saqsovi dazgis nawili)~, laz. safeq-

ro, ocxoj-i `dgimi, masuri (= masra), masuli~; laz. alamid-i,anamid-i `saqsovi dazgis cilindruli nawili~; laz. zemj-i `sa-qsovi dazgis nawili~; megr. eiozegal-i `asaqseli (saqsovi da-zgis nawili)~.

samoslis mosaqargad gamoyenebul xelsawyoTa saxelwo-debani:

megr. qarga `qarga~ laz. gergeჶ-i `qarga, saqsovi dazgisnawili~.

samoslis gamosaTlel-gamosaWrelad gamoyenebul xelsa-wyoTa saxelwodebani:

megr. margatel-i `makrateli~, laz. makas-i; megr. jeviC-i`danis msgavsi saWreli~; megr. TlajeviC-i `tyavis gasaTleli~,karainC-i `Ziris pirebis mosaWrel-mosasufTavebeli~; megr. Wu-

bursan-i `Zirebis gasasufTavebeli~;sazomi xelsawyoebi:megr. olara� `santimetri~, `sazomi~; megr. Tang-i `Targi~,

`tanisamosis zoma~;gamoiyofa saerToqarTveluri, sakuTriv megrul-lazuri

da nasesxebi leqsika. masala mniSvnelovania warmoebis Tvalsaz-riT. gamovlenilia: martivi, nawarmoebi erTeulebi da Sesi-tyvebani.

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v a J a S e n g e l i a (Tbilisi)

megruli k a T- Ziris Sesaxeb

megrul kaT- Ziri mravali zmnuri formis SemadgenlobaSigvaqvs da mniSvnelobaTa farTo speqtriT gamoirCeva: kaTans

`krebs~, ikaTuna `ikribebian~ (erT cnobil leqsSi naTqvamia: Cqimisqvami saqorTuoS mafSaliefq dikaTes `Cemi lamazi saqarTvelosbulbulebi Seikribnen~), akaTu `uerTdeba; (Se)ereva~, miakaTu

`(mi)uvardeba~, makaTu `ewyeba (tkivili, avadmyofoba)~...gvaqvs kaT- Zirisagan nawarmoebi masdaris paraleluri

formebi: kaTa || kaTua || kaTafa || kaTini `Sekreba, SeerTeba,mivardna...~ moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobis forma iwarmoebama_al konfiqsiT: makaTali `Semkrebi, SemaerTebeli...~; vnebiTigvaris mimReobis ramdenime forma dasturdeba: n. droisa _kaTeli || kaTili || kaTafili `Sekrebili, SeerTebuli, Sereuli...~da myofadisa _ okaTali `Sesakrebi, SesaerTebeli, Sesarevi...~

kaT- Zirze damyarebuli saintereso formebia: okaTueSi ||okaTu || okaTuri || okaTure `Sesakrebi adgili~.

rogorc cnobilia, megruli koCi `kaci~ sityvis mravlobiTiricxvis formaa koCefi `kacebi~, magram amave mniSvnelobiT uf-ro xSirad ixmareba sxva fuZe: kaTa `kacebi, xalxi, adamianebi~,romelic kaTa masdars unda ukavSirdebodes (p. Waraia, i. yif-SiZe); ivaraudeba masdaris gasubstantiveba. gansxvevebuli Tval-sazrisebi ekuTvnis a. cagarelsa da q. lomTaTiZes.

megruli kaT-, rogorc erT-erTi komponenti, araerTi kom-pozitis warmoebaSi iRebs monawileobas: qomol-kaTa `mamakace-bi~ (Sdr. mx. qomol-koCi `mamakaci~), osur-kaTa `dedakacebi~(Sdr. osur-koCi `dedakaci~), boS-kaTa `ymawvilkacebi~ (Sdr.boS-koCi `ymawvilkaci~), muSa-kaTa `muSa-kacebi~, lala-kaTa`zarmaci adamianebi~ (Sdr. lala-koCi `zarmaci kaci~), jima-ka-Ta `Zma-kacebi~ (Sdr. jima-koCi `Zmakaci~)...

kaTa SeiZleba mravlobiTi ricxvis formiTac Segvxvdes: ka-

Tefi `kacebi, adamianebi~.

68

sainteresoa idiomaturi gamoTqma kaTaS akoZaxeba `xalxisTavmoyra raRac problemuri sakiTxis gansaxilvelad, gadasa-wyvetad~ (zedmiw. `adamianebis SemoZaxeba~). idiomSi gamoyenebu-lia qarTulidan nasesxebi Ziri Zax- (rogorc aRniSnulia spe-cialur literaturaSi, misi Sesatyvisi Ziria megrulSi jox-,oRond _ sxva mniSvnelobiT).

rac Seexeba kaT- Ziris kavSirs qarTvelur enTa saTanado masa-lasTan, aq pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia lazuri dialeqtis kaT- `Se-reva, gayola~ zmnur ZirTan mimarTeba (n. mari, arn. Ciqobava). sa-mecniero literaturaSi megrul-lazur kaT- Zirs akavSireben misfonetikur Sesatyvis qarTul keT-s `romelic warmodgenilia ake-

Tebs `rasme saqmianobs~ da (Se)ukeTebs `SeSas... Seumatebs~ zmnebSi(n. mari, g. klimovi, h. fenrixi _ z. sarjvelaZe), Tumca ar arisgamoricxuli aq omonimur ZirebTan gvqondes saqme.

i r i n e C a C a n i Z e (quTaisi)

nikolo makiavelis lingvisturi Tvalsawieri:polemikuri dialogi enis Taobaze

enobrivi situacia kompleqsuri xasiaTis movlenaa; es imasniSnavs, rom mas ar aqvs sworxazovani buneba, misi damaxasiaTe-beli niSnebi yovelTvis ver lagdeba erT, swor xazze, yovel-Tvis ar izomeba erTi da imave kriteriumebiT. aqedan gamomdi-nare, mis arsSi Casawvdomad ver vityviT uars am problemiskvlevaSi arsebul midgomaTa mravalricxovnebasa da mravalfe-rovnebaze, verc Sesabamisi gziT miRebuli monacemebis gaTva-liswinebaze. enobriv situaciaTa tipologiuri modelebidanerT-erTi amgvarTagania SefasebiTi anu estimaciuri midgoma.igi gulisxmobs im niSan-TvisebaTa gamovlena-warmoCenas, rom-lebic idiomTa Sinagani da garegani Sefasebidan gamomdinare-obs. ena fasdeba Tavisi ZirZveli momxmareblebisa da sxva eneb-

69

ze molaparakeebis mier misi sakomunikacio gamosadegobisTvalsazrisiT, esTetikuri, kulturuli, politikuri presti-Julobis WrilSi da a. S. Sinagan SefasebaTa erTobliobis sa-SualebiT SeiZleba dadgindes mocemuli enobrivi erTobis e.w.`enobrivi loialobis~ xarisxi, anu sakuTari dedaenis mimarTerTgulebis done.

saerTod, rodesac ama Tu im enis Sesaxeb vsaubrobT, xSi-rad gviwevs sxvadasxva saxis Sefasebebis keTeba; fasdeba sityve-bi, gamonaTqvamebi, teqstebi, aseve idioleqtebi, dialeqtebi damTlianad enebic ki.

enaTmecnierebis istoriaSi mravlad gvxvdeba enaTa SefasebiTiSedarebis magaliTebi; es is SemTxvevebia, romelTa drosac mkvleva-ri TiTqos erTmaneTs ajibrebs or an met enas. miuxedavad imisa,rom amgvar wiaRsvlaTa umravlesobas arakoreqtuli Sedegi hqon-da, es imas ar unda niSnavdes, rom `problemis sirTulis winaSekapitulacia gamovacxadoT~ (komlevi, 1981).

SefasebiTi midgomis erT-erTi TvalsaCino magaliTi aRwe-rilia renesansis droindeli italieli saxelmwifo moRvawisada filosofosis, diplomatisa da mwerlis nikolo makiavelis(1469-1527) saenaTmecniero TxzulebaSi `metyveleba an dia-

logi Cveni enis Sesaxeb~ (`Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostralingua”), romelSiac saTanado enobriv, kerZod, enis warmoSobis,sityvaTa sesxebis, italiuri saliteraturo enis dialeqtebismasalebze msjelobis procesSi metad saintereso dakvirvebebsiZleva.

Txzulebis mixedviT, winamdebare moxsenebaSi gansakuTre-bul yuradRebas imsaxurebs nikolo makiavelisa da dante

aligieris lingvisturi polemikuri dialogi, romelSic avto-ri italiuri enisa da dialeqtebis sociolingvistur ganzomi-lebebs gvawvdis, rac uaRresad faseul informacias warmoadgens.

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m e r a b C u x u a (Tbilisi)

zedsarTav saxelTa brunebis erTiTaviseburebisaTvis megrulSi

Tavisebureba, romlis Sesaxebac samecniero literaturaSidRemde ar yofila miTiTeba, Tavs iCens viTarebiTi brunvisrealizaciis dros; kerZod, sayovelTaod cnobili -o // -oTdaboloebis gverdiT dadasturda -aS-e rTuli Sedgenilobismarkeri, roca erTmaneTis paralelurad gveqneba rogorc jgir-o // jgir-oT, aseve jgir-aS-e; orive formis Sesatyvisad sali-teraturo qarTulSi gveqneba karg-ad, anu -ad brunvis niSniTgamoxatuli gramatikuli semantika.

ra warmoSobisaa megruli -aS-e daboloeba?amis gasarkvevad Zvirfas informacais gvawvdis megrulis

samurzayanouli kilokavi, sadac amosavali -aS-o saxeoba Cansdaculi: jgir-aS-o `kargad~, Wkver-aS-o Wkvianad~, ef-aS-o `ia-fad~, bon-aS-o `sworad~, gˆnZ-aS-o `grZlad~...

bunebrivia, vifiqroT bolokiduri -o sakuTriv viTarebiTibrunvis niSania, xolo sayrdeni -aS SiSina saxeoba unda iyos me-grulSi kargad cnobili -as (jgir-as, Wkver-as, ef-as, bon-as...) da-boloebisa. fonetikurad amgvari axsna SesaZlebelia, vinaidan si-tyvis absolutur boloSi ganSiSinebis S s procesi ganxorci-elda, magram o xmovnis wina poziciaSi istoriuli S SenarCunda.

n a t o w u l e i s k i r i (quTaisi)

eqvTime TayaiSvili Woroxis `baseinis~sociolingvisturi profilis Sesaxeb

1939 wels parizSi gamocemul JurnalSi `qarTlosi~ dai-beWda eqvTime TayaiSvilis werili `samusulmano saqarTvelo~,romelSiac mniSvnelovani cnobebia daculi Woroxis `baseinis~sociolingvisturi profilis Sesaxeb.

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werilis erT-erT qveTavSi `mokle istoria Woroxis basei-nisa~, avtori saubrobs am dasaxlebuli punqtis eTnikur daenobriv yofaze. dasanania, magram faqtia, rom qarTuli enissocialuri roli mkveTradaa Secvlili, kerZod, igi TandaTandaviwyebasaa micemuli da misi adgili `TaTrul enas~ uWiravs.eqvTime TayaiSvili am faqts Semdegnairad xsnis: `amas xeli Se-uwyo pirvelad siadvilem TaTruli enisa, gadmosaxlebam TaT-rebisa qarTvel mkvidrTa Soris, skolebma, sadac mxolod yo-rans aswavlidnen TaTrul enaze da sxva~.

qarTuli ena mTis miuval adgilebs Semounaxavs, reliefursirTules mcvelis rolic utvirTia da mTis mivardnil adgi-lebSi enac Senaxula.

mniSvnelovania genderuli kuTvnilebisa da socialurimoxmarebis sakiTxic. avtori xazgasmiT wers: `mamakacebma yvelamicis TaTruli, magram TaTrulad elaparakebian mxolod ucxo-elebs da osmalTa Tanamdebobis pirebs. TavianT Soris, ojaxSimarto qarTulad laparakoben; nametnavad qalebi da bavSvebi~.

avtori gansakuTrebiT aRniSnavs, rom baTumis olqSi qar-Tuli ena bevrad ukeTesadaa daculi, vinaidan `aq qobuleT-lebsa da aWarlebs yvelaze kargad aqvT Senaxuli qarTuli ena~.

moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba aRniSnuli werilis sxva mni-Svnelovani momentebic, maTi istoriuli da Teoriuli axsna,rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvelovania Tanamedrove sociolingvis-turi suraTis dadgenis TvalsazrisiTac.

n i n e l i W o x o n e l i Z e (Tbilisi)

kuTvnilebiTi kompozitebi r. inaniSvilissamwerlo enis mixedviT

r. inaniSvilis ena sada, lakoniuri da ekonomiuria, amas-Tan erTad SinaarsiT friad tevadi, gamomsaxvelobiTi da xa-tovani. mwerali yovelive amas sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualebiT

72

aRwevs. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia kompozicia (re-duplikaciiTurT). mwerali mxatvruli saxis Sesaqmnelad iye-nebs rogorc enaSi ukve sayovelTaod cnobil kompozitebs, iseTviTon sxvadasxva sityvaTa SekavSirebiT qmnis axals, rogorckuTvnilebiT, ise gansazRvrebiT kompozitebis. ra Tqma undamwerali sityvaTqmnadobisas icavs qarTuli enisaTvis damaxasi-aTebel kompoziciis wesebs, axalia mxolod am sityvaTa Sexame-bebi. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom gasamijnia avtoriseul metyve-lebasa da personaJTa metyvelebaSi gamoyenebuli kompozitebisleqsikur erTeulTa Semadgenloba. amjerad SevexebiT mxolodmwerlis mier Seqmnil kuTvnilebiT (qonebis) kompozitebs,romlebic `mniSvnelobis mxriv gamoxatavs zedsarTaviT an mi-mReobiT gansazRvruli arsebiTi saxelis qonas da udris damo-kidebul winadadebas~ (v. Tofuria).

kuTvnilebiTi kompozitebi ZiriTadad msazRvrel-sazRvru-lia, arsebiTi+mimReoba an zedsarTavi. wyoba prepoziciuli,orwevra, Tumca dasturdeba samwevra da Sebrunebuli wyobisSemTxvevebic. kuTvnilebiTi kompozitebis arsebiTi saxeliTumetesad adamianis (cxovelis) sxeulis nawilebis amsaxveliterminebia warmodgenili (beWi, gverdi, guli, ena, zurgi, Tavi,TeZo, Tvali, TiTi, Tma, idayvi, kani, kanWi, kiseri, laSi, loya,maja, mkerdi, muceli, muxli, mxari, nikapi, piri, sxeuli, tani,tuCi, ulvaSi, ferdi, fexi, qoCori, yuri, ZarRvi, Zvali, xe-li...), meore nawili ki namyo drois saobieqto mimReobaa, sxva-dasxva afiqsebiTa da zmniswinebiT gaformebuli.

mamamisma,... meore coli moiyvana, mxrebwvrili, idayvmwve-

ti da TvalWreli qali (`gol.~). zamTrobiT bewvCabrunebu-

li cxvris tyapuWi da Ceqmebi ecva (`alers.~). is qali sxeul-

SemZimebuli, magram mainc raRaciT lamazi qali iyo (`alers.~).mama viTomda welnatkeni adga (`gol.~). wavadeqi ganier, fer-

debCagluvebul xeebs (`asul.~). gavyeviT didi xnis fexuxved-rel biliks (`alers.~). yvelaze sulgakankuli ki maSin viyavi,vaJas TvalebiT rom Sevdiodi venaxebsa da WalebSi (`gol.~). isqali iyo, is maRali qali, axla ukve tuCebgabacebuli (`gol.~).

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qalma xelebCaSvebulma daamTavra saTqmeli (`alers.~). iSviaTad gvxvdeba samwevra kompozitebic. am SemTxvevaSi

mimReoba da garemoebis aRmniSvneli sityva win uswrebs kuT-vnilebiT kompozits.

aris umTavresad ase, kedelze gaSlilxelebmiwyobili

(`mTvar.~). veweviT ase, xelzedkudgadaxveulebi (`mTvar.~). sa-

amodguldawyvetilebma ganvagrZeT gza (`alers.~).dasturdeba aseve ian a, ia sufiqsiani kompozitebic. yvavis

yviTelgula, TeTrgvirgvinebiani gvirila (`keT.~). konuas...aTgirvanqiani muSti hqonebia (t. I). pirs ibanda nikalas Tav-

Rejeja mamali (`megob.~). pirbadri, TvalebRududa gogo(`alers.~). dadgeba aTasi, muclizelia, daaRebs pirs (`jaf.~).margarita ara erTi evropeli Taviglejia vaJkacis dardiman-dobis mizezi yofila (`jaf.~).

xSirad kuTvnilebiTi kopozitebis zemodasaxelebuli sa-xeobebi winadadebaSi erTmaneTis gverdiT gvxvdeba.SegimCneviaqera kaxelebi? _ rogorRac farTonakvTebianebi, gluvni,wylisferTvalebianebi, warbebgadaxunulebi (`alers.~). Sofe-ri uaresi Sesaxedavia _ maRali, welSi moxrili, calybamo-

dRlezili, calTvala (`cisf.~). xariremi idga didrqebiani,

beWebgluvi da bewvdapewili (`gol.~). cxvirwiTela da saxe-

daxuwuwebulma cancara gogonam civi wyali gadmogvasxa ama-Relvebeli Sexvedris momlodineT (`cisf.~). TvalWreli daidayvwvetiani qali gunebaWreli da enawvetianic aris (`alers.~).mec maxsovs isini erTad _ TeTrperangianebi, SavkiserdaRerebu-lebi, jiutqoCrianebi da saxeganaTebulni (`gol.~).

garda sityvaqmnadobisa mwerali enaSi ukve arsebul kompo-zitebs sxvadasxva enobrivi gzebiT axleburad warmoaCens.

tansruloba ukve paltoSic etyoba (`gol.~). am gulsak-

laobas is ufro aZlierebda, rom mzis Casvlis xani iyo(`alers.~). qalis janmagrobac ki kacis xelSiao (`alers.~).

personaJTa metyvelebisas mwerali mimarTavs dialeqturmasalasac.

-sad mixval, sada, e brmav, tvinSebrunebulo! (`alers.~).

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morwyeT, Tqve jandamwvrebo! _ uyvirodnen qalebi (`alers.~).vina da, TeTraanT Tavgasiebuli afria (`Sor.~).

mwerlis mier Seqmnilma zogma kompozitma rogorc axalmaleqsikurma erTeulma Tavis asaxva hpova qeglis I da II tomebisax. redaqciaSi (red. av. arabuli). mag. guldaarxeinebuli,gulgasaxeTqi, gulistkiviliani, gulyriani, bolomokauWe-buli, axlgaparsuli, axalSeTvaluli da sxv. rigi maTganiTleqsemis axali mniSvneloba gamovlindeba, mag. ix. gverdgamox-

larTuli II mniSvn. (qegl. ax. red.). xSir SemTxvevaSi ki mwer-lis enaSi dadasturebuli kompozitebi leqsemebis ganmartebi-sas sxva avtorebTan erTad mdidar sailustracio masalaswarmoadgens.

ro i n W i k a Z e (Telavi)

drois gadawevis faqtori semiotikur WrilSiSignikaxuris mixedviT

tradiciulad miCneulia, rom dro aris zmnis erT-erTiZiriTadi gramatikuli kategoria, kerZod, uRlebis kategoria.Tumca gasuli saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi gamoiTqva sakmaod sa-fuZvliani mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac dro ar aris gramati-kuli kategoria, igi odensemantikuri kategoriaa (g. gogolaS-vili), rac kidev ufro damajereblad dasabuTda misive monog-rafiaSi `qarTuli zmna~ (2010w.) da saTanadod aisaxa `Tanamed-rove qarTuli enis morfologiis~ akademiur kursSi (2011w.).

irkveva, rom dro faqtobrivad fardobiTi cnebaa da isunda ganixilebodes rogorc saubris momentis, ise konteqsti-sa da calkeuli winadadebis zmna-SemasmenelTa urTierTmimar-Tebis gaTvaliswinebiT. swored aseTi korelacia gvaZlevs re-latiuri drois gamoxatvis srul suraTs drois semantikurivelis farglebSi.

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saerTod, adamianismieri samyarseuli aRqma enaSi (resp. dia-leqtSi) TvalnaTliv ikveTeba drois faqtorTan mimarTebaSi,rac danaxuli da gancdilia rogorc egocentrulad, ise zo-gadsivrcul ganfenilobaSi. amasTanave, sayovelTaodaa aRiare-buli, rom zmnaSi gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi dro: axlande-li,warsuli da momavali,rac saTanadod aisaxeba uRlebis sis-temaSi. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom TiToeul mwkrivs aqvssxvadasxva drois gamoxatvis unari, rac xelSesaxebad vlindebawinadadebaSi sxvadasxva mwkrivTa Tanamimdevrobisas.

parataqsuli konstruqciis winadadebaSi sxvadasxva dro-ki-loTa urTierTmimarTebisas yuradRebas iqcevs drois gadawe-

vis faqtori. amjerad ganvixilavT wyvetilisa da awmyos mwkri-vis droTa Tanamimdevrobas semiotikur WrilSi, sadac wyveti-li gadmogvcems warsulSi momxdari Tu Sesrulebuli moqmede-bis Sedegs, xolo awmyos axlandeli dro gadatanilia warsul-Si, aseT konstruqciaSi, rogorc wesi, wyvetils mosdevs awmyoda swored wyvetili qmnis winadadebis warsuldroian vels.faqtobrivad gvaqvs e.w. `SedegobiTi wyvetili~ da misi Taname-wyvile `SedegobiTi awmyo~.

am mxriv saintereso masalas iZleva kaxuri dialeqti, ker-Zod, Signikaxuri:

gadabrunda es kaci da kvdeba, 69. adga naxevarqaTama dawaiyvana mgelic, Saisva barkalqveSa da mihyams, 97. imaTac da-

hxoces TaviaanTi colebi da hyvirian, 91. moidnen coli may-rebi da icqirebian aqeT-iqiTa, 101. memre wamowva erT fur-cli qveS es wiwila da awkarunems, ukrams am Congur, 96. e ka-ci SaSinda, gautia da mkis, 85. erTma molam dafqva kokis na-texari, waiRo da Tagvis wamlis bazrobaze yidis, 71. (daTvma)Caido marjvena xeli mTlaT pirSi da ReWams, 73. (mola) dajda

da pursa Wams da atans i batis wven, 72. erTi kubo gaamarTina

da is kubo gaamso qviSiT, daido win da tiris, 87. mivida

Svilebiani Zma da tkepnis da Ca� Zaxis, 75. Saaba oqro� ure-mi, aqlemebi da midis, 89.

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daayare� erTmaneT, begvaven, 93. viare napir-napir, mowi-webiT vdgam fexeb, 23. wavida, gaTxara, midis, 87. SeeSinda

melas, mirbis. 93. gaiqca es mela, garbis, garbis, 94. adga daSuaRame� mivida saxlSi, ubragunebs karebs, 86. mi�yva es bebe-ri Txasa da Savida im WalaSi, ipuna is balRi, gadaabota dapirSi ZuZu Caudo, awuebs,115.

daTvma RorefSi airbina, ZaRli Tan ga�devs, 58. amoiSvi-

ra im melama kudi, ZaRlebi isev iqa dganan, 94. Zogi Telavswavida, zogi yvarelSi cxovrobs, 28. wavida, midis erT tyeze,moudiT Rorebi,84.

kiazoanT ojaxSi qalsa muceli a�tkivda da gaiZaxian, 21.gaTenda meore dila da cxvari aRar ari im mecxvareebisa, 84.

zogjer konteqstSi wyvetilis Tanamewyvileebad erTdrou-lad myofadisa da awmyos mwkrivebi gvxvdeba da aseT SemTxveva-Sic am ukanasknelTa momavali an axlandeli dro wyvetilis ga-vleniT warsulSia gadatanili:

erTi maRali tyavis qudi mexura Tivis sariviT. mamxdian

es qalis Zmebi, aiReben da daaxlian dedamiwaze da gamaiRebs

faTqvans: ai, mamaSenis qvevri aq ario! mamdis sisxli yelSi,23.ramdenime Tve gavida da mere axSi Saariga Tavisi qalica dasiZec. da�patiJa siZeca da isic wavida. gaSale� sufra. sxve-bi WiqiTa svamen Rvinos. im biWs ubeSi aqvs i Tasi. da�levs

Rvinos da gadaaqcevs.su daagiJa xalxi,112.saanalizo masala cxadyofs, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi dro

Taviseburad realizdeba komponent zmna-SemasmenelTa iseTiTanamimdevrobisas, rodesac wyvetils mosdevs warsulad gada-azrianebuli awmyo; sakavSirebel saSualebad ki gamoiyeneba maj-gufebeli `da~ an ukavSiro SeerTeba.

amrigad, Signikaxuridan moxmobili masala gviCvenebs, romenisaTvis ucxo ar aris drois gadawevis faqtori; kerZod, para-taqsuli konstruqciis wyvetili-awmyos mwkrivTa TanamimdevrobismodelSi awmyoTi gamoxatuli axlandeli drois moqmedeba wyve-tilis gavleniT gaazrianebulia rogorc warsulSi momxdari.

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n i n o x a x i a S v i l i (Tbilisi)

x i bl - sityvis istoriul-etimologiuri analizi

qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi sityva xibli damouki-deblad ar aris, es leqsikuri erTeuli xibal fuZesTan erTadaada asea ganmartebuli: `xibal-i, xibl-i [spars. xabal] 1. jado,grZneba. sxva ram qna xibli aseTi, Tovli haerSi avida (`Sahname~). //gadat. momxibvleloba, mimzidveloba. [qali] grZnobda, rom uwinde-li xibli boliviT efanteboda (m. javax.). 2. `eSmaki da kudiani ka-ci~ (`dial.~).~ iqve, `xiblva ...1. grZnebiT Sekvra. 2. mojadoeba, mo-xiblva... xiblav-s 1. grZnebiT kravs, _ ajadoebs... 2. uaRres mowo-nebas iwvevs, itacebs...~ (qegl. VIII, 1964).

qarT. xibl-i ← iran.-arab. (iran. xäbāl ; arab. xbl `aSla,sigiJe, xvanji, moSla, gafuWeba, vneba, mavnebloba~; eSmakoba, grZne-uleba, xlaTi, agreTve `xibli~ (iust. abulaZe... `Sah-name~ t. II).

sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT ki, xibli aris `sagrZnebo kru-li~. xiblva `SegrZneba n. mxiblavi, naxibli, saxiblavi.~ saxib-

lavi `n. sawamlavi... sawamlavi samsala, gina saxiblavi sasik-vdine (wamali)... samsala wamali makvdinebeli~. [SegrZneba, sa-

grZnebo ar aris ganmartebuli, magram aris grZneba `eSmakiTmoqmedeba. eSmakis monoba~. Sdr. il. abulaZe: grZneba misnoba,kudianoba; da isev sulxan-sabasTan , ucxo SesityvebanSi, arisSemdegi ganmarteba: `mxiblavi T. jaduqar; xiblva T. jadu.~

sayuradReboa, rom dRevandel qarTulSi xibli SekumSuliformiT da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT ixmareba. dRes xSirad ga-igonebT: `am qalaqs sul sxva xibli aqvs~, `tradiciuli suf-ris xibli~, `cxovrebis xibli~, `amis Targmna minda, oRondise, rom Tavisi xibli ar dakargos~... da a. S. aseve: `momxibla-vi adamiania~, `momxiblavi Rimili aqvs~, `momxiblavi idea~ ... _momxiblavia yvelaferi, rac lamazia, rac mogvwons, rac gvizi-davs, rac gvitacebs (rac Tvals itacebs); zogjer arc mo-gvwons, magram mainc vixiblebiT _ `moulodnelobaTa xibli~...`cota ucnauria, magram mag ucnaurobaSia mTeli xibli~, `man-kierebis urcxvi xibli~... `raRac iseTi xibli aqvs...~ _ raRac

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iseTi aqvs, rac aRgvafrTovanebs, uaRres mowonebas iwvevs. ga-Cnda sapirispiro leqsikuri erTeuli ganxiblva: `ganxiblav-swign. pirvandel did warmodgenas daukargavs... ganxiblva mowo-nebis, aRfrTovanebis pirvandeli grZnobis gaqroba; ndobis da-kargva (vinmes an raimes mimarT)... (qegli II, 2010).

amasac gavigonebT: `es kaci xiblSia Cavardnili~, `rogorganvikurnoT xiblisagan“ ... _ qristianuli swavlebiT, xibli

aris warwymedis anu maradiuli sikvdilis mdgomareoba, kacob-rivi bunebis tyuiliT Seryvna, rac adamis modgmis winaparTadacemiTaa gamowveuli. xibli ampartavnebis nayofia _ TviTmo-

xiblvis (sakuTari TaviT moxiblvis), TviTdajerebisa da STa-gonebis, _ rom yvelaze ukeTesia, gamorCeulia, _ amis dajere-biT adamianis goneba ampartavnebiT bneldeba, swored amitomaaSesaZlebeli, xiblSi Cavardes.

sagulisxmoa, rom xibl- sityvis Tavdapirveli fonetikur-semantikuri varianti Zalze saintereso gadasvlebiT, dialeq-tebs (gansakuTrebiT, mTis kiloebs) SemounaxavT: `xibal-i ƒ.T. mavne (eSmaki da sxv.). dagxibla RmerTma! (wyevlaa)... Semxib-

la, damxibla moƒ. momajadova... xibal-i fS. (raz.-Wy.) `eSmakida kudiani~ (ak. SaniZe, I, mTis kiloTa leqs.). `xibali1 (qiziy.)sawamlavi. avadmyofobisagan (umTavresad cieb-cxelebisagan)`mowamluli~ adamiani; gadat. mware sityvis adamiani (s. me-nTeS.). xibali2 (fS.) eSmaki da kudiani (T. razik., i. Wyon.). xi-

bali3 (aWar.) mWle, gamxdari (saqoneli, adamiani) (S. niJar.).xibal-xubal-i (qiziy.) erTmaneTSi areuli cudi xileuli,adamians rom awyens (s. menTeS.). xibvla (qiziy.) mowamvla, mo-Sxamva (s. menTeS.). moxibvla (qiziy.) mowamvla, moSxamva, adamia-nis an cxovelisa sawamlaviT. n. xibali (s. menTeS.). daxiblu-

li (qiziy.) ferdakarguli, gamxdari (S. ZiZ.) [al. Rlonti,qarT. kilo-Tqm...]. `mxiblavi saqmis ukuRma wamyvani, mnavsavi.[yorani] wava mxiblavi Tavis yrantaliT, xavsian kldeebs SuaSeuvlis~ [vaJa-fS. mc. leqs.]. xibal‹ (xibal-kudianeb‹) avsu-li, eSmaki~(g. cocan., TuS. leqs.). `xibal Sxami, sawamlavi; xib-

lian Sxamiani, sawamlaviani _menTeS.; eSmaki da kudiani _Wy. ...

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moxibla� mowamvla, moSxamva... moxiblul-mowamluli, moSxamuli.xiblva grZnebiT Sevhkrav, davnavsav (Cub.), maexibleba gaufuWdeba,aeWreba (rZe) (kaiS.) [r. RambaS., qarT. enis ingil. kilos leqs.].

`gadauxiblavs gaumizezianebs, dauavadmyofebs, dausneu-lebs; gadat. mouSlis (mag. Tofs)~... gadaxiblva damizezianeba,gadagvareba, moSxamva, mowamlva... mamxiblavi momwamlavi, mo-mSxamavi... maxiblavs mowamlavs, moSxamavs, daavadebs. Subnuri[xati] daexmara da balaxi moxibla. balaxi ramac moZova, yvelamokvda (eTn. miTol. 12, 134) [al. WinWar., xevs. leqs.].

`moxiblva danavsva, mojadoeba, saqmis gaukuRmarTebaa. mo-

xibluli mojadoebuli, danavsulia. moxiblva gaTvalvaa. fSa-velTa rwmeniT, moxibluli SeiZleba iyos adamiani da cxovele-bic, agreTve Zroxis rZec (Tu igi kargad ar idRvibeba da ka-raqi Znelad amodis). moxiblva SeiZleba adamianTa TvaliT, xa-tis mizeziT da SeSinebiT (g. gogatiSv., fSauri leqs. I.).

xiblis Tavdapirveli semantika Cans gamoTqmebSic: xibal-

kudian-i, xiblixvanjara, xibal-kudianobis Rame...`xibalkudian-i kuTx. (fS.). eSmaki, gaqnili adamiani~ (`di-

al.~). xiblixvanjara TamaSobaa erTgvari: boloebgadabmulZafs SulosaviT daiWeren, TiTojer xelze Semoixveven da Semdeg,TiTebis gamodebiT, sxvadasxva saxe gamohyavT (rogoricaa: `akvani~,`xidi~, `wyali~, `xerxi~... TamaSobs ori bavSvi [sinon. qarTl. neka-oba, imer. gadayvania). // ablabudasaviT gabmuli ram. `pibodi raTofia, eSmakis xiblixvanjaras hgavs~ (vaJa) (qegl VIII).

c i r a j a n j R a v a (Tbilisi)

zmnuri mimarTvis Sesaxeb megrulSi

mimarTvis _ dialoguri metyvelebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovanikomponentis _ ori ZiriTadi saxeoba gamoiyofa: saxeluri dazmnuri. maTi struqturisa da funqcionirebis Sesaxeb qarTulSi

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monografiuli gamokvleva prof. S. afridoniZes ekuTvnis. Cven, bu-nebrivia, am monografiis ZiriTad debulebebs viTvaliswinebT.

saxeluri (vokatiuri) mimarTva megrul-lazurSi ramden-jerme iyo Cveni ganxilvis sagani (1998, 2000, 2007...), xolozmnur mimarTvasTan dakavSirebul zog sakiTxs SevexeT mahaCya-laSi saerTaSoriso simpoziumze gagzavnil da iq h. wadasas sa-xelobis enis, literaturisa da xelovnebis institutis veb-gverdze gamoqveynebul moxsenebaTa TezisebSi (2008). amjeradwarmovadgenT zmnuri mimarTvis (imperatiulisa da interoga-tiulis) mokle analizs, rac adre gamoqveynebuli msjelobisSevsebul da dazustebul variantad gvesaxeba.

zmnuri mimarTva, rogorc cnobilia, SeiZleba iyos war-TqmiTi da ukuTqmiTi, brZanebiTi da kiTxviTi.

warTqmiTi formiT imperatiuli (brZanebiTi) mimarTvis Se-mTxvevaSi megrulSi axali qarTulis msgavsi viTareba dastur-deba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu meore piria mimarTvis obieqti dazmna dinamikuria, gamoyenebulia namyo ZiriTadis (wyvetilis)formebi: doWari! `dawere!~, eukini! `aswie!~, qoZiri! `naxe!~,gedirTi! `adeqi!~, ikerkeli! `igorave!~ da sxva. Tu zmna sta-tikuria, gamoiyeneba kavSirebiTis forma: qorda! `iyavi!~, qoi-

Rudas! `gqondes!~, qor‡undas! `gyavdes!~, gi‡ordas! `giyvar-des!~, qorlurdas! `geZinos!~, giCqudas! `icode!~ da sxva. ase-Tive viTarebaa, Tu mimarTva erTze met pirs exeba _ ematebamxolod mravlobiTis niSani: doWariT! `dawereT!~, eukiniT!`aswieT!~, qordaT! `iyaviT!~, qoiRudani! `gqondeT!~...

mimarTvis (brZanebiTis) formebs mxolod intonacia ganar-Cevs saTanado (wyvetilisa da kavSirebiTis) formaTagan.

ukuTqmiTi mimarTvis (brZanebiTis) SemTxvevaSi mxolod kav-SirebiTis formebi gamoiyeneba: vakeTa! `ar gakeTo!~, vaCura!`ar icurao!~, vadinjira! `ar dawve!~, vaRora! `ar moatyuo!~,vexira! `ar moiparo!~ da sxva.

mimarTva-mowodeba mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli pirisformiTac SeiZleba gadmoices: midafrTaT! `wavideT!~ dofxu-aT! `davSaloT!~, ak…orzaT! `davanToT!~, dibjiraT! `davwveT!~,

81

dofxaCqaT! `gavToxnoT!~, vapwiraT! `ar gavwuroT!~, vabRolaT!`ar vqnaT!~ da sxva.

Taviseburia `svlis~ gamomxatveli zmnis mimarTvis forma, ro-melic gansxvavebulia saTanado TxrobiTi kilos formisagan _ mi-marTvisas mokvecilia zmnis fuZiseuli Tanxmovani: meu! `wadi!~ _Sdr. me_(v)ul `mivdivar~, me-ur-q `midixar~; mravlobiT ricxvSifuZiseuli r (< l) SenarCunebulia: me-ur-T! `wadiT!~

mimarTvisas SeiZleba natvriTi Sinaarsi kavSirebiTis for-miT gadmoices: gibirudas! `gemReros!~, gigarudas! `getiros!~,gerZirafudas! `netav dagesizmros!~, duWarudas! `netav dawe-ros!~ qumurTumudas! `netav movides!~ da sxva.

kiTxviTi (interogatiuli) Sinaarsis mimarTva megrulSikiTxviTi -o nawilakis saSualebiT gadmoicema (romelic, ro-gorc cnobilia, Zveli qarTulisa da svanuris -a nawilakis Se-satyvisia): midarTio? `waxvedi?~ doWario? `dawere!~ gakeTuo?`gaakeTa?~, diruluo? `daiZina?~ qoreno? `aris?~ vaxeqo? `arzixar?~, Wvalunqo? `wveli?~ da sxva.

bunebrivia, kiTxvas axlavs Taviseburi intonacia, romelicgansxvavdeba rogorc TxrobiTi, ise brZanebiTi Sinaarsis gad-momcem formaTa intonaciisgan (n. kiziria). qarTuli salite-raturo enisagan gansxvavebiT, megrulSi zmnis bolo marcvlisxmovnis gagrZelebiT kiTxviTi Sinaarsis gamoxatva ar xdeba(specialuri kiTxviTi nawilakis funqcionirebis pirobebSiamis saWiroeba arc aris).

mimarTvis formaTa ganxilvisas dgeba sametyvelo etiketissakiTxi, kerZod, megrulSic (axalqarTuliseburad) Tavaziano-bis gamoxatvis erT-erT formad meore pirisadmi `TqvenobiT~mimarTva miiCneva.

moxsenebaSi SevexebiT zmnur mimarTvasTan dakavSirebulzog sxva sakiTxsac.

82

p a a t a j a f a r i Z e (quTaisi)

qarTveluri Zirebi da qarTul-aRmosavluriizoglosebi

qarTveluri Zirebis gamovlena da aRnusxva kvlavac warmo-adgens qarTvelologiis amocanas. amasTan dakavSirebiT arse-bobs Zirebi romelic warmoSobiT qarTveluri xasiaTiasaniarian. winamdebare magaliTebi qarTulisa da Wanuris magali-Tebis safuZvelzea warmodgenili.

rbili-libuTbili-tibugrili-rgilisicive-CxuruqoTani-kotoindoevropulSi arsebuli Sesabamisi Ziri tep – Tbili Tan-

xmovanTa aqcesiur Tanmimdevrobas amJRavnebs; amitom dasaSvebiaam Ziris qarTveluri (samxreTkavkasiuri) warmoSoba, sadac mi-si arqetipebia tef- tf- (Tbili).

yuradRebas imsaxurebs marili, romlis etimologiac dau-kavSires Zmars

qarT. Zm- Zm-ar-imegr. jum-/jim- jum-or-i `Zmari~; jim-u `marili~; jim-ol-u-a

`damarileba~laz. jum-/njum- jum-u/ njum-u `marili~; jumoni `mariliani~; jum-

or-i `Zmari~; o-njom-or-u `damarileba~; b-jum-or-uf `vamarileb~svan. jim-/ jˆm `marili~; mˆ- jim `mariliani~, dasturdeba

Zvel qarTuliSi (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe: 632)jum-or-is (qarT. Zmari) Zireuli jum- igive unda iyos, rac

jum-u-Si (qarT. marili) gvaqvs. es unda Candes nasaxelar zmna-Si do-jum-or-u, rac `damarilebas~ niSnavs. (Ciqobava 1938: 177)

fenrixi sarjvelaZis qarTTvelur enaTa etimologiur leq-sikonSi Zm-ar da jum-or Zirebi identificirebulni arian. ar-nold Ciqobavac Wan. jum-u, megr. jim-u (marili) Zirebis gan-

83

xilvisas maT refleqsebs xedavs qarT. ZmarSi. Tumca qarTulimarili mas sxva Zirad miaCnia.

marili- jimu: marilisa jimus kanonzomieri Sesatyvisobaganpirobebilia ramodenime garemoebiT: 1. Ziris auslautSiqarT r-s kanonzomier Sesatyviss warmoadgens megrulSi j. mag:qarT. xar-i>xoj-i. Zir-i>jinj-i rac Seexeba qarTuli interkon-sonanturi vokals _a, misi kanonzomieri eqvivalentia megrulii. tradiciulad qarTuli a-s megrul (resp. Wanur) kanonzomi-er Sesatyviss warmoadgens o, magram am SemTxvevaSi qarT. a-sgadmocema i-T ganpirobebulia metaTeziT.

arsebobs rogi Zirebisa romlebic Tavisi xasiaTiT qar-Tul-aRmosavluri izoglosebs unda warmoadgendes, magrammaTze saTanado yuradReba aqamde ar gamaxvilebula.

n i n o j o r b e n a Z e (Tbilisi)

enobrivi ekonomia da qarTuli enis dialeqtebi

enobrivi ekonomia universaluri enobrivi movlenaa, mis ga-vrcelebasa da raodenobriv maxasiaTeblebze ki, sxvasTan er-Tad, socialur-ekonomikuri (anu, araenobrivi) faqtorebic ax-denen gavlenas.

enobriv ekonomiaSi, farTo gagebiT, ekonomiasTan dakavSi-rebuli nebismieri enobrivi movlena SeiZleba vivaraudoT:

1. fo n e t i k u r i (kumSva, kveca, marcvlis amovardna...);2. m o r folo g i u r i (mTeli morfemisa Tu modaluri

elementis mokveca...);3. sintaqsur-stilistikuri (mTeli sityvisa Tu Sesityve-

bis amovardna, Sesityvebis sityvawarmoebiT sistemaSi gadayvana,analizuri warmoebis sinTezurze gadasvlis SemTxvevebi...).

enobrivi ekonomiis faqtebi, ufro xSirad, sasaubro me-tyvelebasa da dialeqtebSi vlindeba. gamonakliss arc qarTu-

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li enis dialeqtebi warmoadgenen, sadac enobrivi ekonomiisuamravi saintereso faqti vlindeba, mag.:

uyuregdebulebs _ yuradRebas miaqcevs(RmerTma) gamSvidobos! _ (RmerTma) mSvidoba mogces!xelixel _ xelidan xelSiamisdrouli _ amis asakSiCemsobas _ rac Tavi maxsovs, mTeli cxovrebis manZilzepirgamofenili _ (ityvian uCadro qalze, dacinviT) _ pi-

ri aqvs gamofenili saxalxodxelgamuusleli _ xelidan ro araferi gamosdis, mouxer-

xebelimoxsenebaSi enobrivi ekonomiis faqtebi sistemurad iqneba

warmodgenili.