woodstock em revista: jornalismo cultural e contracultura

8/7/2019 WOODSTOCK EM REVISTA: Jornalismo cultural e contracultura

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\c`e~~c Nco|g Fuettc

VGGB^RGNI EJ TE\A^RC;

Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e ng`rtcnuorutc

Deog Mgta{g`re

Ne`rtg U`a|et~arãtag be Deog Mgta{g`re -U@A*DM!

4838



\cè~~c Nco|g Fuettc

VGGB^RGNI EJ TE\A^RC;

Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e ng`rtcnuorutc

Jg`gftclac cxte~e`rcbc cg Ne`rtg Uà|et~arãtag be Deog Mgta{g`reU@A DM ngjg e}afë`nac xctnaco è gdre`æîg be rêruog be dcnmcteo ej kgt`coa~jg.

Gtae`rcbgtc; Jctac Nta~ra`c Oeare Xea}grg

Deog Mgta{g`re

Ne`rtg Uà|et~arãtag be Deog Mgta{g`re -U@A*DM!

4838



$Csua e~rîg g~ ogung~. G~ be~cku~rcbg~. G~ tedeobe~. G~ ntacbgte~

be nc~g. G~ xa`g~ tebg`bg~ `g~ dutcng~ sucbtcbg~. Csueoe~ sue

|ëej c~ nga~c~ be lgtjc balete`re. Eoe~ `îg nutrej teftc~. E `îg

te~xearcj g ~rcru~ sug. \gnë xgbe narã*og~/ ba~ngtbct beoe~/

fogtalanã*og~ gu ncouàã*og~. Jc~ c ûànc nga~c sue |gnë `îg xgbe

lc{et á af`gtã*og~. Xgtsue eoe~ jubcj c~ nga~c~. Ejxuttcj c tcæc

mujc`c xctc c lte`re. E/ e`suc`rg cofu`~ g~ |ëej ngjg ogung~/ `þ~

g~ |ejg~ ngjg feàca~. Xgtsue c~ xe~~gc~ ogunc~ g dc~rc`re xctc

cntebarct sue xgbej jubct g ju`bg/ ~îg c~ sue g jubcj.$

Kcni Ietgucn



>

^UJÃTAG

A@RTGBUÆÎG ..................................................................................................................... 82

3 KGT@COA^JG NUORUTCO EJ TE\A^RC ................................................................. 8<

3.3 Ma~rþtac bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco.......................................................................................... 8<

3.4 Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco g Dtc~ao............................................................................................. 8=

3.> Nctcnretê~ranc~ bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ............................................................................... 81

3.2 Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e c a bû~rtac nuorutco........................................................................... 343.5 Ma~rþtac bg kgt`coa~jg ej te|a~rc...................................................................................... 32

3.< Kgt`coa~jg ej te|a~rc `g Dtc~ao......................................................................................... 35

3.6 Nctcnretê~ranc~ bg kgt`coa~jg ej te|a~rc ........................................................................... 31

4 VGGB^RGNI UJ JCTNG NG@RTCNUORUTCO .................................................. 42

4.3 Uj dte|e ma~rþtang ~gdte c ng`rtcnuorutc.......................................................................... 42

4.4 Jg|aje`rg~ ng`rtcnuorutca~ .............................................................................................. 4<

4.> Tgni/ g ma`g bc ng`rtcnuorutc............................................................................................ >34.2 Vggb~rgni......................................................................................................................... >4

4.5 Ng`rtcnuorutc `g Dtc~ao...................................................................................................... >2

> VGGB^RGNI Á @GRÊNAC............................................................................................. >6

>.3 Eoeje`rg~ be c`ãoa~e ......................................................................................................... >6

>.4 Dte|e ma~rþtang bc~ te|a~rc~............................................................................................... >=

>.> Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco/ ng rtcnuorutc e g Vggb~rgni ............................................................ >1

NG@NOU^ÎG........................................................................................................................ 2=

TELETË@NAC^ .................................................................................................................... 21

C@E]G^ ................................................................................................................................ 53



2

A@RTGBUÆÎG

G Vggb~rgni lga uj le~ra|co be jû~anc sue cng`reneu `g~ bac~ 35/ 3< e 36 be cfg~rg be 31<1 `c

lc{e`bc be 428 menrcte~ be Jc} Qc~fut/ ej Vmare Ocie/ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~. Oe|gu jca~ be jeag

jaomîg be xe~~gc~ xctc g ognco/ ngj ba|et~g~ `gje~ ng`nearucbg~ bc ne`c bg tgni `c áxgnc/ ngjg

Kaja Me`bta}/ Kcà~ Kgxoa`/ Rme Vmg/ e`rte gurtg~. Rgbg~ g~ xte~e`re~ lc{acj xctre bg jg|aje`rg

ng`rtcnuorutco.

E~~c jg`gftclac du~ngu teloerat ~gdte c e|gouæîg bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco/ re`bg ngjg lgng g

rtcrcje`rg bcbg xeog kgt`coa~jg be te|a~rc cg le~ra|co be Vggb~rgni ej buc~ áxgnc~ ba~ra`rc~.

Xctc a~~g/ tergjcjg~ g ng`nearg be ng`rtcnuorutc/ jctnc bg le~ra|co ej sue~rîg/ e gd~et|cjg~ be

sue jgbg g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco oabgu ngj g rejc è~~e~ bga~ jgje`rg~. Be~~e jgbg/ g rtcdcomg

xetjarau xe`~ct ~gdte c~ jubc`æc~ gngttabc~ `îg ~þ ej uj raxg be kgt`coa~jg/ ngjg rcjdáj `c~

ng`nexæõe~ ~gdte ng`rtcnuorutc e}a~re`re~ ej `g~~c ~gnaebcbe. Xtere`bejg~ bejg`~rtct/ è~re

rtcdcomg/ ngjg g ng`nearg be ng`rtcnuorutc lga e á cxte~e`rcbg xctc g xûdoang xeoc jêbac/

gd~et|c`bg*~e c áxgnc bc jcrátac ej sue~rîg/ g ng`re}rg ej sue lga e~ntarc e xg`rg~ be |a~rc èoc

xte~e`re~. Du~ncjg~ ca`bc gd~et|ct g e~xcæg te~et|cbg è~ jcrátac~ be nuorutc/ ~uc lgtjc be

cdgtbcfej/ c áxgnc ej sue c texgtrcfej lga xtgbu{abc/ c oa`fucfej uraoa{cbc e g be~af` bc

jcrátac.

Xctc a~~g/ lgtcj u~cbc~ c~ jcrátac~ ~gdte g Vggb~rgni bc te|a~rc \ekc `ûjetg 5> be 31<1/ e c

te|a~rc A~rgá `ûjetg 4868 be 4881. G~ |eênuog~ lgtcj e~ngomabg~ xgt ~etej buc~ te|a~rc~

dtc~aoeatc~ e be ftc`be natnuocæîg ej rgbg g xcê~. C ajxgträ`nac be ~e ret buc~ te|a~rc~ ej áxgnc~



5

e ~arucæõe~ balete`re~ ~e be|e cg lcrg be sue `c te|a~rc \ekc be 31<1 g Vggb~rgni etc uj c~~u`rg

tene`re/ e uj le~ra|co tecoa{cbg ùj ng`re}rg be elet|e~në`nac bc ng`rtcnuorutc9 `c te|a~rc A~rgá

be 4881/ g Vggb~rgni re|e uj ~afàlancbg ba~ra`rg/ xc~~cbg~ 28 c`g~ be ~uc xtajeatc ebaæîg. G

kgt`coa~jg e c ~gnaebcbe jubctcj/ rgt`c`bg balete`re c lgtjc be ~e `granact. Xctc a~~g lgtcj

c`coa~cbg~ g~ ng`nearg~ rtcdcomcbg~ `c~ buc~ te|a~rc~/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco `c~ buc~ áxgnc~/ c~

lgrg~ e ~uc~ oefe`bc~/ g fëètg bc~ jcrátac~ e g e~xcæg bebancbg è xudoancæîg bc~ jcrátac~ xeoc~

te|a~rc~.

@g ncxêruog 3 lga cdgtbcbc c ma~rþtac bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e ~uc~ nctcnretê~ranc~/ c~~aj ngjg g

kgt`coa~jg ej te|a~rc/ ~uc ma~rþtac e ~uc~ nctcnretê~ranc~ be cngtbg ngj c~ ng`~abetcæõe~ be Xa{c

-4882!/ ^nco{g -4882!/ \aoc~ Dgc~ -311<!/ e`rte gurtg~ curgte~ e lg`re~ u~cbg~ ngjg teletë`nac.

@g ncxêruog 4 ~îg cdgtbcbg~ c ng`rtcnuorutc e g Vggb~rgni/ ngj a`lgtjcæõe~ ma~rþtanc~ ~gdte g~

bga~ rejc~. Xtgnutcjg~ e`re`bet uj xgung bc lgtjc ngjg e~~e ng`nearg lga e á rtcdcomcbg `c~

te|a~rc~ dtc~aoeatc~. Rtcdcomct ngj g ng`nearg be ng`rtcnuorutc jg~rtgu*~e e~~e`naco/ kã sue g

le~ra|co be jû~anc lga uj bg~ ftc`be~ xetnu~~gte~ be~~e jg|aje`rg `c báncbc be 31<8.

Ngj c c`ãoa~e/ xtere`beu*~e |et c~ jubc`æc~ sue g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ~glteu ngj g xc~~ct be 28

c`g~/ suca~ nctcnretê~ranc~ xetbeu/ suca~ fc`mgu/ ngjg jubgu c lgtjc be `granact/ e`rte gurtg~

c~xenrg~.



<

3. KGT@COA^JG NUORUTCO EJ TE\A^RC

3.3 Ma~rþtac bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco

êfu`bg Xa{c -4882!/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco re|e g ~eu jctng aànaco ej 3633. @e~~e je~jg c`g

ej Og`bte~/ Tanmctb ^rteeoe e Kg~exm Cbba~g` lu`bctcj c te|a~rc baãtac Rme ^xenrcrgt . êfu`bg

Xa{c -4882!/ c ^xenrcrgt `c~neu `c nabcbe e ngj c nabcbe. Curgte~ sue ~e be~rcnctcj è~~e raxgbe kgt`coa~jg lgtcj g atoc`be~ Kg`crmc` ^val e g a`foë~ Bcàeo Belge/ ej 364<. @c A`focrettc

e}a~ratcj `gje~ a`loue`re~ ngjg g ^cjueo Kgm`~g`/ ng`menabg ngjg Bt. Kgm`~g`/ sue e~nte|ac

ej Rme Tcjdoet e lga g xtajeatg ftc`be ntêrang nuorutco/ Vaooacj Mc{oarr/ ej Rme E}cjaèt e

Nmctoe~ Ocjd `c Og`bg` Jcfc{aè. Ca`bc è~~c áxgnc/ |a|eu uj ftc`be ntêrang be ctre/ Beà~

Babetgr/ ebargt nmele bc E`nanogxábac.

Ej jecbg~ bg ~ánuog ]A]/ g e`~cê~jg e c ntêranc nuorutco ~e rgt`ctcj dc~rc`re a`loue`re~. Kgm`

Tu~ia`/ ntêrang be ctre/ etc ujc bc~ jcagte~ a`louë`nac~ ~gdte c oaretcrutc jgbet`c bg ltc`në~

Jctneo Xtgu~r/ ntêrang jaoarc`re be Oe Lafctg. ^ca`re*Deu|e/ ftc`be ntêrang bc áxgnc/ e~rcdeoeneu

uj xcbtîg xctc g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ngj ~uc~ ntêranc~ xudoancbc~ `g~ kgt`ca~ Oe Fogde e Oe

Ng`~rarurag`èo .

Ca`bc `g ~ánuog ]A]/ g kgt`coa~jg ~e rgt`gu ftc`be a`louë`nac `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~. Ebfct Cooc`

Xge á ujc bc~ jcagte~ lafutc~ bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco `gtre*cjetanc`g/ eoe lc{ac xtgbuæõe~ xctc

kgt`ca~ e te|a~rc~ sue lgtcj ~e juoraxoanc`bg ngj g be~e`|go|aje`rg a`bu~rtaco cneoetcbg. @c

~efu`bc jercbe bg ~ánuog ]A]/ g~ ntêrang~ `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~ lgtcj cuje`rc`bg è jebabc sue g



6

xcê~ nte~nac. G tgjc`na~rc cjetanc`g Me`tq Kcje~ lga uj ftc`be e`~cê~rc e ctranuoa~rc/

xudoanc`bg xctc g @ev Qgti Rtaduè.

Kã `g Dtc~ao/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco fc`mctac lgtæc `g la`co bg ~ánuog ]A]/ ngj g ~utfaje`rg be uj

bg~ jcagte~ e~ntargte~ `cnag`ca~/ Jcnmcbg be C~~a~/ sue ngjeægu ~uc nctteatc ngjg ntêrang be

recrtg e xgoeja~rc oaretãtag. Gurtg ftc`be ntêrang be~~e xetêgbg etc Kg~á \etê~~ajg/ ebargt bc

Te|a~rc Dtc~aoeatc. @e~~e xetêgbg g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ngjeægu c ~gltet jubc`æc~/ e ngj a~~ggngttetcj coretcæõe~ `g e~raog bc ntêranc learc ej xetaþbang~. êfu`bg Xa{c -4882!/ g ntêrang

nuorutco cfgtc ra`mc sue oabct ngj lcrg~ e `îg cxe`c~ ngj abeac~.

C ctre jgbet`c/ e`laj/ kã bettudc|c jutg~ e g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ngjeæctc c ~e te`g|ct. Crá c|atcbc xctc g ~ánuog ]]/ g kgt`coa~jg etc learg be e~nc~~g `granaãtag/ juarg ctranuoa~jg xgoêrange g bedcre ~gdte oa|tg~ e ctre~. Jc~ c jgbetà{cæîg rtc`~lgtjgu rcjdáj c ajxte`~c; g kgt`coa~jg jgbet`g xc~~gu c bct jca~ ajxgträ`nac xctc c texgtrcfej/ xctc g teocrg be lcrg~/ `îg

tctg ~e`~cnag`coa~rc/ e ngjeægu c ~e xtgla~~ag`coa{ct. Texþtrete~ be xgoêranc e xgoênac xc~~ctcj c~et jca~ ajxgtrc`re~ be`rtg bc~ tebcæõe~. G kgt`coa~jg nuorutco rcjdáj ‟e~sue`rgu‚; be~ngdtauc texgtrcfej e c e`rte|a~rc/ coáj bc ntêranc be ctre jca~ dte|e e xctranaxc`re. -XA[C/ 4882/ x.3=!

C~ te|a~rc~ ngjeæctcj c be~ejxe`mct uj xcxeo lu`bcje`rco `g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco. C xte~e`æc

be te|a~rc~ ngj e`~cag~/ te~e`mc~/ ntêranc~/ texgtrcfe`~/ xetla~/ e`rte|a~rc~/ coáj be xudoancæõe~ be

ng`rg~ e xgejc~/ ~e rgt`gu lgtre `g ~ánuog ]].

Xa{c -4882! cntebarc sue `g~ ûorajg~ c`g~ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco rej ~abg ncbc |e{ jca~ |gorcbg

xctc g~ oa|tg~. Ngoeräèc~ be e`~cag~ e ntêranc~ ~îg jca~ ngttasueatc~/ c~~aj ngjg xtgkerg~ be

texgtrcfej learg~ batercje`re xctc g~ oa|tg~. C a`retèr rcjdáj rej ~et|abg ngjg uj ncja`mg

coret`cra|g xctc g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco. \ãtag~ ~are~ ~e bebancj c oa|tg~/ ctre~ e abeac~/



=

xtgxgtnag`c`bg ujc a`retcra|abcbe sue g kgt`co ajxte~~g `îg xetjare/ xta`naxcoje`re xgt ~eu

e~xcæg oajarcbg. Á xtena~g gd~et|ct rcjdáj sue

G kgt`coa~jg nuorutco/ ba{ej g~ `g~rãofang~/ kã `îg á g je~jg. Be lcrg/ `gje~ ngjg TgdetrMufme~ mgke ~îg jca~ e~nc~~g~9 te|a~rc~ nuorutca~ gu a`reoenruca~ kã `îg rëj c je~jc a`louë`nacsue ra`mcj c`re~9 ntêrang~ xctenej belaàt ncbc |e{ je`g~ g ~une~~g gu ltcnc~~g be ujc gdtc gue|e`rg9 mã `c ftc`be ajxte`~c uj lgtre bgjêàg be c~~u`rg~ ngjg neoedtabcbe~ e ujtedca}cje`rg fetco bg~ ntarátag~ be c|coacæîg bg~ xtgburg~. G kgt`coa~rc nuorutco c`bc ~e~e`ra`bg xesue`g bejca~ bac`re bg fafc`ra~jg bg~ ejxtee`baje`rg~ e bg~ ‟le`òje`g~‚ becubaë`nac. C~ xudoancæõe~ ~e ng`ne`rtctcj jca~ e jca~ ej texetnurat g xtg|ã|eo ~une~~g bejc~~c be uj oc`æcje`rg e bea}ctcj xctc g nc`rg c~ re`rcra|c~ be te~a~rë`nac „ gu e`rîg c~

ng`|etretcj rcjdáj ej ‟crtcæõe~‚ ngj adgxe je`gt jc~ ~efutg. -XA[C/ 4882/ x.>3!

Be~~e jgbg/ c a`bû~rtac nuorutco ajxò~ `g|c~ xtãranc~ e xcurc~ xctc g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e g

rtc`~lgtjgu ~afàlancra|cje`re/ ngjg |etejg~ cbac`re.

3.4 Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco `g Dtc~ao

@g Dtc~ao/ ej 314=/ ~utfe ujc xudoancæîg jgbet`c `g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco/ c te|a~rc G Ntu{eatg.

@g~ c`g~ 31>8 e 3128/ c te|a~rc ~e rgt`gu ujc bc~ jca~ ajxgtrc`re~ bg xcê~. êfu`bg Xa{c

-4882!/ c ntòànc ~ejxte re|e e~xcæg la}g `c~ ~eæõe~ nuorutca~ be kgt`ca~ e te|a~rc~ dtc~aoeatg~ e

xgt a~~g á ujc jgbcoabcbe aèfã|eo bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco `g Dtc~ao. Kã c ntêranc/ rej ~uc ftc`be

áxgnc `g xcê~ `g~ c`g~ 3128/ ~e e~re`be`bg crá g la`co bg~ c`g~ 31<8. Ej 315< á ntacbg g

ûxoeje`rg Oaretãtag be G E~rcbg be ^îg Xcuog.

@g~ c`g~ 31=8/ bga~ xta`naxca~ kgt`ca~ xcuoa~rc~/ c Lgomc be ^. Xcuog e G E~rcbg be ^îg Xcuog/

ng`~goabctcj ~eu~ bga~ ncbet`g~ nuorutca~/ c Aou~rtcbc e g Ncbet`g 4. C Aou~rtcbc etc nctcnreta{cbc



1

xeoc xgoëjanc e xgt ~uc cre`æîg è nuorutc kg|ej a`ret`cnag`co. @g~ c`g~ 3118/ c cfe`bc xc~~a|c 3

rgt`gu*~e bgja`c`re `g ncbet`g. Kã g Ncbet`g 4 re|e ~eu cufe `g~ c`g~ 31=8 e lc{ac c bg~cfej

e`rte oaretcrutc/ ctre e recrtg.

3.> Nctcnretê~ranc~ bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco

Ej fetco/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco cxte~e`rc nctcnretê~ranc~ balete`re~ bg kgt`coa~jg `granag~g. E~~cbalete`nacæîg cng`rene xeog nmcjcbg ‟mctb èv~‚/ c `grênac ‟sue`re‚ rej ujc xte~e`æc je`gt

ej jcrátac~ teocnag`cbc~ ngj c nuorutc bg sue `g~ gurtg~ ncbet`g~. Xa{c -4882! ba{ sue `c

jcagtac bc~ |e{e~ c~ a`lgtjcæõe~ be~~e raxg be kgt`coa~jg ~îg |gorcbc~ jca~ xctc cfe`bc be

oc`æcje`rg~ e e|e`rg~ -oa|tg~/ ~mgv~/ e}xg~aæõe~/ ern.!/ e rëj uj gomct la}cbg jca~ xctc g sue |ca

cng`renet bg sue uj gomct xctc g sue e~rã cng`rene`bg gu kã cng`reneu.

Ng`rubg/ c jcrátac `granag~c rcjdáj rej g ~eu e~xcæg `g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco. Cng`renaje`rg~ be

ftc`be ajxgträ`nac `g ~ergt nuorutco xgbej ~et `granacbg~ ngjg ej sucosuet gurtc ebargtac/

xgbej ret nctãret be be`û`nac gu cxe`c~ a`lgtjcra|g.

Ngjg ej sucosuet gurtc jgbcoabcbe be kgt`coa~jg `granag~g/ g texþtret nuorutco cxe`c~ rej c

fc`mct ~e xg~~ua/ coáj be bgjêàg bg c~~u`rg e ntacra|abcbe `c cdgtbcfej/ xet~a~rë`nac `ccxutcæîg e ajxctnacoabcbe `g teocrg. @îg be|e e}xoanarct rgrcoje`re gxaàîg/ ‟ebargta{c`bg‚ cjcrátac/ ejdgtc ~cadc sue c jcèatc ngjg eoc á ebarcbc e maetctsua{cbc a`loua ~gdte c xetnexæîgbg oeargt. êu gdkerg ne`rtco á oe|ct ujc a`lgtjcæîg cg oeargt. -XA[C/ 4882/ x.=8!

E}a~rej nc~g~ rcjdáj be jcrátac~ be cxte~e`rcæîg/ g`be g gdkera|g á lcjaoacta{ct g oeargt ngj

cofg sue eoe be~ng`mene. G gomct á a`retxtercra|g/ ngj xc~~cfe`~ ej rg`~ be ngje`rãtag~.

3

Cfe`bc xc~~a|c e~rã teocnag`cbc è a`lgtjcæîg ~gdte bcrc~ be e|e`rg~ ngjg ~mgv~/ recrtg/ naèjc/ e`rte gurtg~.



38

^efu`bg Xa{c -4882! g dgj kgt`coa~rc nuorutco/ cg rtcrct be rejc~ sue e`fogdcj/ xgt e}ejxog/

laojcfe`~ be uj rtcdcomg juarg e~xetcbg gu ujc xc~~cfej a`rete~~c`re bc |abc be uj ctra~rc/

xgbe cnte~ne`rct uj xg`rg be |a~rc ~gdte g rejc/ jg~rtc`bg c ~uc teoe|ä`nac/ e c~~aj e~rctã

lc{e`bg uj dgj rtcdcomg.

Jcrátac~ xctrabc~ bg ‟fc`nmg‚4/ juarc~ |e{e~ ~e nctcnreta{cj xgt ~etej a`lgtjcra|c~ e cg je~jg

rejxg c`coêranc~/ a`lgtjc`bg cg oeargt ~gdte cofuj cng`renaje`rg nuorutco e cg je~jg rejxgc`coa~c`bg g cng`renaje`rg. G oeargt xtena~c ~cdet `îg cxe`c~ g sue e~rã cng`rene`bg/ jc~

rcjdáj ~e g lcrg |coe c xe`c.

C~ elejátabe~ ng~rujcj e~rajuoct g ngjgba~jg. C`a|et~ãtag~ be `c~naje`rg e jgtre be ctra~rc~

e e~ntargte~ ajxgtrc`re~/ fetcoje`re cncdcj xgt e`nmet xãfa`c~ ngj `gje~ ng`~cftcbg~

te~uja`bg ~uc~ |abc~ e gdtc~. Xa{c -4882! cnte~ne`rc sue ej ~arucæõe~ ngjg c xudoancæîg be

oa~rc~ be oa|tg~/ be|e*~e rgjct nuabcbg xctc sue `îg mckc ujc maetctsua{cæîg têfabc. Cnte~ne`rct

ngje`rãtag~ ~gdte g~ oa|tg~ e`tasuene g ng`reûbg.

Texgtrcfej nuorutco ngj uj nctãret a`retxtercra|g rej uj ftcu be balanuobcbe uj xgung jcagt

ej ~uc ng`lenæîg e á teocra|cje`re tctc `c ajxte`~c dtc~aoeatc. C~ a`lgtjcæõe~ |îg rtcrct be lcrg~

gu re`bë`nac~ gu be ujc sue~rîg ej bedcre `g jeag nuorutco.

Ngetë`nac/ nocte{c e cfaoabcbe/ ~îg nctcnretê~ranc~ lu`bcje`rca~ xctc c ng`~rtuæîg be ujc ntêranc

nuorutco. G oeargt be|e ~et a`lgtjcbg/ xgt e}ejxog/ ~gdte g sue á c gdtc gu rejc ej bedcre/ ~e`bg

4 Xtere}rg xctc uj rtcdcomg kgt`coê~rang/ uj lcrg sue oafue/ sue bë jctfej c gurtg lcrg/ sue ~at|c be xg`re/ be

fc`nmg/ e`laj/ xctc c `grênac.



33

learg uj te~ujg bc ~uc ma~rþtac/ ~uc~ oa`mc~ fetca~/ suej á g curgt e a`lgtjcæõe~ sue g ntêrang

kuofc ngjg teoe|c`re~. C gdtc be|e ret ujc c`ãoa~e ~a`ráranc/ jc~ sue ng`re`mc ~uraoe{c. C

ncxcnabcbe be at coáj bg gdkerg c`coa~cbg/ ~efu`bg Xa{c -4882!/ cuje`rc c ntebadaoabcbe bc

ntêranc e g dgj ntêrang be|e ret dgc lgtjcæîg nuorutco/ ng`mene`bg dej `îg ~þ g ~ergt sue ngdte/

jc~ rcjdáj gurtg~ ~ergte~ e ù`nc u~ct be crcsue~ xe~~gca~ ej ~eu~ re}rg~.

C~ te~e`mc~ ‟ajxte~~agà~rc~‚ be~nte|ej c~ tecæõe~ ajebacrc~ bg curgt ~gdte c gdtc/ u~c`bg becbkera|g~ xctc sucoalanã*oc. Gurtg raxg be te~e`mc á csueoc sue xtere`be c`coa~ct g~ c~xenrg~

e~rturutca~ bc gdtc e ~uc~ nctcnretê~ranc~ be oa`fucfej. E}a~re rcjdáj c te~e`mc nukg lgng jcagt á

lcoct ~gdte g curgt/ ~eu~ jgbg~/ ~uc ajxgträ`nac/ ~eu~ rejc~/ ~uc tenexæîg. C a`lgtjcæîg è~~e

nc~g ~e oajarc cxe`c~ cg a`ba|êbug/ `îg mã è`muj raxg be c`ãoa~e e~xenalanc bc gdtc. C~ te~e`mc~

ngj xefcbc~ ~gnagoþfanc~/ xgt ~uc |e{/ e~rîg jca~ a`rete~~cbc~ ej ba~nurat g rejc oe|c`rcbg ej

~uc~ ùc`ne~ ~gnagxgoêranc~ .

C dgc te~e`mc/ xgtrc`rg/ e ca`bc sue ej xgung e~xcæg/ be|e du~nct ujc ngjda`cæîg be~~e~crtadurg~; ~a`netabcbe/ gdkera|abcbe/ xtegnuxcæîg ngj g curgt e g rejc. E be|e ~et ej ~a ujc‟xeæc nuorutco‚/ uj re}rg sue rtcfc `g|abcbe e teloe}îg xctc g oeargt/ sue ~ekc xtc{etg~g oet xgt~uc ctfûnac/ mujgt e'gu deoe{c. -XA[C/ 4882/ x.63!

C~ ngou`c~ be gxaàîg c~~ujej uj rgj jca~ xe~~gco/ jca~ ~gorg/ xgt xctre bg curgt/ rgt`c`bg g

re}rg uj baãtag be ~uc~ gxaàõe~ e teloe}õe~. Xa{c -4882! narc Xcuo Kgm`~g`/ xctc suej uj dgj

ngouà~rc be|e ret na`ng crtadurg~; ~cdebgtac/ oearutc/ ~e`~g be `grênac~/ |ctaebcbe e xet~g`coabcbe.

G xetlao `g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco lc{ xctre bg fëètg a`retxtercra|g. Xc~~cfe`~ teoe|c`re~ bc |abc bg

e`rte|a~rcbg/ ~uc gxaàîg ej c~~u`rg~ ajxgtrc`re~/ gu|at cjafg~ e c~ xe~~gc~ cg ~eu tebgt/ ~îg



34

cofujc~ jcèatc~ be ngjeæct c xtgbuæîg be uj xetlao. Xa{c -4882! ca`bc cnte~ne`rc sue g dgj

xetlao ù`nc e~suene sue csueoe xet~g`cfej e~rã ej be~rcsue xeog sue le{ gu xeoc texurcæîg sue

fc`mgu lc{e`bg g sue le{. Á a`raja~rc/ ~ej ~et a`|c~a|g9 á a`retxtercra|g/ ~ej ~et c`coêrang.

3.2 Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e c a`bû~rtac nuorutco

Ng~rc er co. -488>!/ ej ~eu ctrafg A`bû~rtac Nuorutco „ Te|a~c`bg Cbgt`g e Mgtimeajet / oejdtcsue g~ curgte~ e}xoancj sue ‟c a`bû~rtac nuorutco xgbe ~et belaàbc ngjg g ng`ku`rg be jeag~ be

ngjuàncæîg ngjg g naèjc/ g tãbag/ c reoe|a~îg/ g~ kgt`ca~ e c~ te|a~rc~/ sue lgtjcj uj ~a~rejc

xgbetg~g xctc fetct ountg~‚. E~~c a`bû~rtac ntac xtgburg~ jca~ cne~~ê|ea~ è~ jc~~c~ e ‟`îg ~þ

ebalanc c jetnc`raoa{cæîg bc nuorutc/ ngjg rcjdáj á oefarajcbc xeoc bejc`bc be~~e~ xtgburg~‚.

Cbgt`g -4884! jg~rtc sue e~~c a`bû~rtac rcjdáj rej uj ngjxgè`re jargoþfang sue e~rajuoc/

xgt e}ejxog/ c~ xe~~gc~ c cntebarctej `g mgtþ~ngxg. Gurtg e}ejxog bc ntacæîg be jargogfac~

xeoc a`bû~rtac nuorutco ~îg c~ dagftclac~ tgjc`necbc~ be ‟ftc`be~ xet~g`coabcbe~‚.

G kgt`coa~jg nuorutco a`reftc c a`bû~rtac nuorutco. Ngjg e}xoanc Nu`mc -4884!/ g~ ncbet`g~

nuorutca~ xc~~ctcj xgt jubc`æc~ be xg~rutc~/ xgt |e{e~ ~e cbesuc`bg è~ xtgbuæõe~ bc a`bû~rtac

nuorutco e ej gurtg~ jgje`rg~ ~aruc`bg*~e è jctfej beoc.>

@c~ báncbc~ be 31<8 e 3168/ g~ ncbet`g~ nuorutca~ ra`mcj ujc re`bë`nac c bct uj |cogt jcagt è~

xtgbuæõe~ ctrê~ranc~ `cnag`ca~ gu xtgbuæõe~ sue ~e abe`ralanc~~ej ngj ncu~c~ xgxuocte~. @e~~e~

xetêgbg~/ xtgburg~ abe`ralancbg~ ngj c a`bû~rtac nuorutco/ ngj ltesÿë`nac etcj e`nctcbg~ ngjg

> Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ècb.u`cjc.dt'~are'dadbafarco'xbl'ctrafg~Wte|a~rc~'433.xbl/ cne~~g ej; 48'8='4838 ã~ 36;88 mgtc~



3>

jeag~ be jcàxuocæîg nuorutco e ra`mcj xgung e~xcæg è~~e~ ncbet`g~. Jc~ be 31=8 ej bac`re g~

ncbet`g~ nuorutca~ xc~~ctcj c ~et jca~ tenexra|g~ cg~ xtgburg~ bc a`bû~rtac nuorutco.

C `g|c xg~rutc bg~ ncbet`g~ be nuorutc/ bac`re bc a`bû~rtac nuorutco/ cncdc xgt a`loue`nact xcurc~/

g rtcdcomg be texgtrcfej/ ntêranc e ebaæîg. G e`lgsue bg~ ncbet`g~ nuorutca~ juarc~ |e{e~ |gorgu*

~e be lgtjc e}cfetcbg xctc g~ xtgburg~ nuorutca~/ bc`bg je`g~ ajxgträ`nac~ cg~ xtgne~~g~

nuorutca~/ le`òje`g gtafa`cbg xeog lcrg be kgt`coa~rc~ e ebargte~ ~e ~e`ratej `c gdtafcæîg be`granact rubg sue e~ra|e~~e ba~xg`ê|eo `g jetncbg. C xctrat bg~ c`g~ be 31=8/ balanaoje`re `g

kgt`coa~jg nuorutco cxctenetã ujc jcrátac ~gdte g~ xtgne~~g~ sue e~rîg xgt rtã~ bg~ xtgburg~

oc`æcbg~ `g jetncbg.

Ej netrg~ xcê~e~ eutgxeu~/ g~ kgt`coa~rc~ ~e oajarcj c xudoanct xtgburg~ e e~xerãnuog~ kuofcbg~

teoe|c`re~/ rc`rg ctra~rancje`re/ ngjg ngjetnacoje`re. ê`bg c~~aj/ c xudoancæîg be tgreatg~

nuorutca~ lanc ~gd c te~xg`~cdaoabcbe be te|a~rc~ e~xenacoa{cbc~. G kgt`coa~jg baãtag xebe c

xtgbuæîg be uj ncbet`g jca~ cneoetcbg/ rgt`c`bg*~e aè|arã|eo c ngdetrutc be e|e`rg~ baãtag~

e~rcdeoenabg~ xeoc cfe`bc nuorutco. C~~aj/ g lgng `c cfe`bc nuorutco baãtac rgt`c*~e uj xtgdoejc/

cjeà{cbg ej te|a~rc~ je`~ca~/ g`be c bexe`bë`nac bc~ cfe`bc~ nuorutca~ á juarg je`gt/

xg~~adaoarc`bg g cxtglu`bcje`rg ej gurtg~ c~~u`rg~ teocnag`cbg~ è nuorutc. A~~g ~e be|e rcjdáj

cg lcrg bg rejxg bc~ te|a~rc~ je`~ca~ ~et jcagt ej teocæîg è~ xudoancæõe~ baãtac~. -nl. Nu`mc/

4884!.



32

3.5 Ma~rþtac bg kgt`coa~jg ej te|a~rc

êfu`bg ^nco{g -4882!/ c xtajeatc te|a~rc sue ~e rej `grênac lga xudoancbc ej 3<<> `c Coejc`mc/

e ~e nmcjc|c Ebalanc`re~ Ba~nu~~õe~ Je`~ca~2. Ej 3<<5/ ~utfau `c Ltc`æc g Kgut`co be~ ^c|c`r~9

ej 3<<= `c~ne `c Arãoac g Fagt`coa bea Oarretcra e `c A`focrettc/ ej 3<=8 g Jetnutau~ Oadtctau~ gu

Lcarmluoo Cnngu`r gl coo Dggi~ c`b Xcjxmoer~. Jc~ xctc e~~c~ xudoancæõe~ ca`bc `îg etc cxoancbg

g retjg te|a~rc/ sue ~þ lga u~cbg glanacoje`re ej 3682/ `c A`focrettc. Ngj uj lgtjcrg~ejeomc`re cg be oa|tg~/ e~~e `g|g raxg be xudoancæîg be~ra`c|c*~e c xûdoang~ e~xenêlang~ e

du~nc|c cxtglu`bct*~e `g~ c~~u`rg~/ bea}c`bg noctg sue ~uc xtgxg~rc e~rc|c e`rte ~et cofg jca~

sue g~ kgt`ca~ e je`g~ sue g~ oa|tg~.

Ej 3<64/ ~utfe `c Ltc`æc Oe Jetnute Fcoc`r / ngj `grc~ nutrc~/ cèbgrc~ e xge~ac~. Ej 36>3/

~utfe ej Og`bte~ c xtajeatc te|a~rc jca~ xctenabc ngj g lgtjcrg sue ng`menejg~ `g ~ánuog ]]/

Rme Fe`roejc`‑~ Jcfc{aè. Be cngtbg ngj ^nco{g -4882!/ c xctrat be~~c xudoancæîg ej Og`bte~/

g retjg jcfc{aè xc~~c c ~et u~cbg xctc be~af`ct te|a~rc~ ej ltc`në~ e a`foë~. Ej 3623 ~utfe `g~

E~rcbg~ Uàbg~ g~ xtajeatg~ rêruog~/ Cjetanc` Jcfc{aè e Feètco Jcfc{aè.

^nco{g a`lgtjc ca`bc sue ej 3=24/ cxctene ej Og`bte~ ujc xudoancæîg sue jubctac c lgtjc be

ng`nedet e ebarct te|a~rc~. Bexga~ bg~ jgbeog~ sue ra`mcj ~ejeomc`æc ngj g~ oa|tg~/ ~utfe c

xtajeatc te|a~rc aou~rtcbc/ Aoou~rtcreb Og`bg` @ev~. E`rte 3=28 e 3=18/ uj jgbeog sue ngjeæc c

~e be~e`|go|et á g bc~ te|a~rc~ oaretãtac~ e nae`ralanc~/ cofujc~ e}a~rej crá mgke ngjg c Cjetanc`

e @crag`co Fegftcxman Jcfc{aè.

2

EtdcuOanme Jg`crd~*U`rettebu`fe` ej coejîg.



35

Ej 314>/ `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ `c~ne c xtajeatc te|a~rc ~ejc`co be `grênac~/ c Raje. Kã ej 31></

ca`bc `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ Me`tq Oune cxte~e`rc ujc `g|c lþtjuoc be te|a~rc/ c ~ejc`co

aou~rtcbc Oale. ^nco{g -4882! cnte~ne`rc sue c te|a~rc cxctene ajxte~~c ej uj xcxeo be sucoabcbe

~uxetagt e ej lgtjcrg ftc`be/ |cogta{c`bg cg jã}ajg c texgtrcfej lgrgftãlanc. C te|a~rc Oale lga

ngxacbc `c Ltc`æc e/ bexga~ bc ~efu`bc fuettc ju`baco/ xc~~gu c ~e nmcjct Xcta~ Jcrnm. @c

Coejc`mc/ c te|a~rc ^ret`/ xc~~c c u~ct g je~jg lgtjcrg. Kã `g Dtc~ao/ g lgtjcrg lga cbgrcbgxeoc~ te|a~rc~ Ntu{eatg e Jc`nmere.

@g~ c`g~ be 31>8/ ngjeæc c xudoancæîg bc~ te|a~rc~ ej sucbta`mg~/ sue etcj noc~~alancbc~ xctc

ntac`æc~ e cbuorg~. Ej Mgooqvggb/ cxctenej c~ xtajeatc~ te|a~rc~ be lî~/ ngj ftc`be ~une~~g be

|e`bc~. ^nco{g -4882! cnte~ne`rc sue `g Dtc~ao/ `c~ báncbc~ be 3128 e 3158/ c te|a~rc Naèoä`bac/

ng`re`bg g je~jg lgtjcrg/ nmefgu c |e`bet 458 jao e}ejxocte~ `c~ dc`nc~. E`suc`rg a~~g `c

Arãoac ~utfatac uj `g|g jgbeog be te|a~rc/ bebancbc~ è~ lgrg`g|eoc~/ ma~rþtac~ tgjä`ranc~ ej

lgrg~. Ej 315>/ ej Nmancfg ~utfe c te|a~rc jc~nuoa`c Xocqdgq.

3.< Kgt`coa~jg ej te|a~rc `g Dtc~ao

Be cngtbg ngj ^nco{g -4882!/ c~ te|a~rc~ nmefctcj cg Dtc~ao `g ngjeæg bg ~ánuog ]A]/ ku`rg

ngj c ngtre xgtrufue~c. Ej 3=34/ ej ^co|cbgt/ ~utfe c xtajeatc te|a~rc \ctaebcbe~ gu E`~cag~

be Oaretcrutc.

Y...Z êfu`bg eoc xtþxtac/ xtgxõe*~e c xudoanct ‟ba~nut~g~ ~gdte ng~ruje~ e |atrube~ jgtca~ e~gnaca~/ cofujc~ `g|eoc~ be e~ngomabg fg~rg e jgtco/ e}rtcrg~ be ma~rþtac c`rafc e jgbet`c/



3<

`cnag`co gu e~rtc`featc/ te~ujg~ be |acfe`~/ xebcæg~ be curgte~ noã~~ang~ xgtrufue~e~ „ suet ejxtg~c/ suet ej |et~g „ nukc oearutc re`bc c lgtjct fg~rg e xute{c `c oa`fucfej/ cofujc~

cèbgrc~ e ctrafg~ sue re`mcj teocæîg ngj g~ e~rubg~ nae`rêlang~ xtgxtacje`re barg~ e suexg~~cj mcdaoarct g~ oeargte~ c lc{et*ome~ ~e`rat c ajxgträ`nac bc~ `g|c~ be~ngdetrc~ laog~þlanc~‚.Ngjg rgbc~ c~ gurtc~ be ~uc áxgnc/ \ctaebcbe~ rcjdáj ra`mc nctc e kearg be oa|tg. -^NCO[G/4882/ x.46!

Ej 3=3>/ `g Tag be Kcèatg/ `c~ne c te|a~rc G Xcrtagrc/ ~efu`bc te|a~rc c ~et xudoancbc `g Dtc~ao.

@g c`g be 3=44/ ca`bc `g Tag be Kcèatg/ ngjeæcj c~ jubc`æc~ `c~ xcurc~/ ngj c a`nou~îg be

c~~u`rg~ be |ãtag~ ncjxg~ bg ng`menaje`rg mujc`g `c~ te|a~rc~. Ej 3=46/ cng`rene c xtajeatc

~efje`rcæîg xgt rejc. ^nco{g -4882!/ ca`bc xg`ruc sue ej 3=21/ ngj g oc`æcje`rg be C

Jctjgrc `c Ngtre/ ngjeæc c etc bc~ te|a~rc~ be |ctaebcbe~. E~~e~ lgtjcrg~ cdu~cj be

aou~rtcæõe~/ be re}rg~ jca~ nutrg~ e bg mujgt. Me`tasue Loeua~~ á te~xg`~ã|eo xeoc xtajeatc

xudoancæîg be lgrg~ `c~ te|a~rc~ dtc~aoeatc~.

E`rte g la`co bg ~ánuog ]A] e g a`ênag bg ]]/ ~utfe uj `g|g raxg be te|a~rc/ c~ nmcjcbc~

‟fcoc`re~‚ 5. Ej 3133/ cxctene c xtajeatc te|a~rc ~gdte curgjþ|ea~< e ej 3135 c xtajeatc ~gdte

c|aõe~6. @c te|a~rc Rang*Rang/ cxctenej c~ xtajeatc~ ma~rþtac~ ej sucbta`mg~ `cnag`ca~. ^nco{g

-4882! a`lgtjc sue/ ej 31>1/ c te|a~rc Fada/ ngj ma~rþtac~ be Xgxeqe/ ûxet*Mgjej/ Rct{c`/

[gttg/ e`rte gurtc~ ma~rþtac~/ |atc ~a`òàjg be ma~rþtac~ ej sucbta`mg~ `g xcê~. E ej 3158/ crtc|á~

bg lu`bcbgt bc Ebargtc Cdtao/ \anrgt Na|arc/ nmefcj cg Dtc~ao c~ ma~rþtac be Vcor Ba~èq/ re`bg

ngjg oc`æcje`rg c te|a~rc bg Xcrg Bg`cob .

Kã ej 314=/ ~utfe uj bg~ jcagte~ le`òje`g~ ebargtac~ `g Dtc~ao; c te|a~rc G Ntu{eatg/ ntacbc

xeog kgt`coa~rc C~~a~ Nmcrecudtac`b/ sue xtgxu`mc ftc`be~ texgtrcfe`~ e ë`lc~e `g

5 Te|a~rc~ |gorcbc~ xctc g xûdoang jc~nuoa`g sue rtc{acj `grc~ xgoêranc~ e ~gnaca~/ xacbc~ e ng`rg~ xanc`re~/nctancrutc~/ be~e`mg~ e lgrg~ etþranc~.< Te|a~rc be Curgjþ|ea~ á g `gje bc xtajeatc te|a~rc ~gdte g c~~u`rg.6

Cetþlaog á g `gje bc xtajeatc te|a~rc ~gdte g rejc.



36

lgrgkgt`coa~jg. C te|a~rc `c báncbc be 3158 nmefc c |e`bet netnc be 688 jao e}ejxocte~ xgt

~ejc`c. Ej 3154/ cxctene c te|a~rc Jc`nmere/ sue jc`ráj ngou`c~ be ntgà~rc~ ngjg be Tudej

Dtcfc e Xcuog Je`be~ Ncjxg~. Ca`bc è~~e c`g ~utfe c te|a~rc Ncxtanmg/ aànacoje`re

xudoanc`bg lgrg`g|eoc~.

@g c`g be 31<=/ á oc`æcbc c te|a~rc \ekc. ê be~be c báncbc be 3158/ ngjeæcj c cxctenet

te|a~rc~ sue c`coa~c|cj g ~ergt eng`òjang/ uj xgung jca~ è lte`re/ `c báncbc be 31<8/ ~îg learc~xudoancæõe~ e~xenacoje`re |gorcbc~ xctc g ~ergt eng`òjang a`bu~rtaco/ ngjg c Batafe`re Tutco/

Rtc`~xgtre Jgbet`g/ Jãsua`c~ e Jerca~/ Suêjanc e Beta|cbg~. ^nco{g -4882!/ ngjxoerc sue

be~be g a`ênag bc báncbc be 3158 crá jecbg~ be 31<8 |ãtac~ te|a~rc~ be nuorutc lgtcj oc`æcbc~ e

~et|atcj xctc teuàt a`reoenruca~ e be cofujc lgtjc tecfat è barcbutc jaoarct=. Be~rcsue xctc c

Te|a~rc bc Na|aoa{cæîg Dtc~aoeatc/ c C`mejda e c Te|a~rc Dtc~aoae`~e. E á `c báncbc be 31<8 sue

Jcutênag be ^gu{c xudoanc ~eu~ sucbta`mg~ bc rutjc bc Jòànc/ sue ~e rgt`ctcj uj ftc`be

~une~~g. @e~~c je~jc áxgnc rcjdáj ~utfej g~ sucbta`mg~ be [atcobg.

@g c`g be 31<3/ ngj c xtegnuxcæîg be cngjxc`mct c |abc bc juomet/ `c~ne `g Dtc~ao c te|a~rc

Nocubac. Ngj e~~c xudoancæîg |gorcbc xctc g xudoang lejaà`g/ cxctene c xtgbuæîg lgrgftãlanc be

jgbc/ deoe{c/ nuoa`ãtac e bengtcæîg. ^nco{g -4882!/ ca`bc cxg`rc sue c kgt`coa~rc e x~anþogfc

Nctje` bc âo|c/ ngouà~rc bc te|a~rc Nocubac/ c xctrat be 31<>/ ba`cja{gu g kgt`coa~jg lejaà`g/

a`rtgbu{a`bg gurtg~ rejc~ oafcbg~ cg ngjxgtrcje`rg. Ca`bc `c báncbc be 31<8/ ~utfej c~

te|a~rc~ jc~nuoa`c~/ ngjg c Lcatxocq/ sue xudoanc|c lgrg~ be juomete~ ùc~. Ej 31<1/ c Ebargtc

Dognm oc`æc c te|a~rc Eoe e Eoc/ ngj texgtrcfe`~ e lgrg~ ~gdte ~e}g.

=

Barcbutc jaoarct lga a`~rcocbc `g xcê~ c xctrat be 31<2.



3=

Ej 3163/ c E}cje bea}c be ~et uj ~uxoeje`rg ~gdte eng`gjac e fc`mc |abc xtþxtac. ^nco{g

-4882!/ ba{ sue ca`bc `c báncbc be 3168/ c te|a~rc G Dg`ba`mg/ lga ntacbc xctc noae`re~ bg

~uxetjetncbg Xîg be Cæûnct1 ngj ba~rtaduaæîg ftcruarc/ g sue lga gurtc e}xetaë`nac be |c`fuctbc.

Ngj g lgng `g xûdoang kg|ej e ej ngjxgtrcje`rg/ ~uc~ texgtrcfe`~ lcoc|cj ~gdte nga~c~ ngjg

jg|aje`rg~ be oadetcæîg ~e}uco/ jebana`c coret`cra|c e jû~anc. @c je~jc báncbc cxctenej c~

te|a~rc~ ^rcru~ e Mgjej

38

/ |gorcbc~ xctc g xudoang jc~nuoa`g. Te|a~rc~ |gorcbc~ xctc e~xgtre~rcjdáj ~îg ntacbc~ è~~c áxgnc/ ngjg c te|a~rc Xocnct .

^nco{g -4882!/ ca`bc lc{e`bg uj cxc`mcbg ~gdte c ma~rþtac bc~ te|a~rc~ `g Dtc~ao/ jg~rtc sue

xudoancæõe~ oafcbc~ è nuorutc xgx/ `c báncbc be 3168/ cg cdgtbctej c~~u`rg~ ngjg jû~anc/

ngjxgtrcje`rg/ jgbc/ ctre e ng`~ujg/ xc~~cj c cra`fat uj xûdoang kg|ej. \coe je`nag`ct ngjg

jctng be~~c áxgnc/ c te|a~rc Xgx. êfu`bg g dogfueatg @evrg` Bcortg`

Rcjdáj ng`menabc cxe`c~ ngjg Xgx/ kã sue g ogfgraxg xu`mc e~rc xcoc|tc ej be~rcsue/ etcdc~ancje`re uj |eênuog be jû~anc xgx. Mgke á ng`~abetcbc ujc xudoancæîg c`rene~~gtc bcDA[[ `g kgt`coa~jg ju~anco bc Ebargtc Cdtao/ te|a~rc ~ejeomc`re e}ra`rc tene`reje`re/ ejcfg~rg be 4886. Ngjxctcbc~/ c re`bë`nac bc Xgx etc jca~ ngjxgtrcje`rco/ e `îg ~e xte`bac~gje`re cg tgni/ jc~ c gurtg~ e~raog~ xgxuocte~ bc jû~anc kg|ej/ ngjg c ~guo ju~an e cba~ngresue/ g xgx tgjä`rang/ e rcjdáj c JXD. Juarg~ gurtg~ c~~u`rg~ be a`rete~~e bg~ kg|e`~etcj e`ng`rtcbg~ è~rc te|a~rc/ cdgtbc`bg rejc~ ngjg ~e}g/ ja~rana~jg/ jgbc/ lgrgftclac/naèjc/ cxcteomg~ be ~gj/ ~ufe~rõe~ be OX~/ oa|tg~/ mar xctcbe/ ncttg~ e jgrg~/ e~xgtre tcbanca~ngjg g ~utl e g ~icre/ e juarg c`re~ be sucosuet xudoancæîg e~xenacoa{cbc/ rco|e{ c Xgx re`mc

~abg c xtajeatc c cdgtbct e~re~ bga~ ûorajg~ e~xgtre~. Ba|et~g~ `gje~ ajxgtrc`re~ bg kgt`coa~jgxc~~ctcj xgt eoc/ ngjg Ncng Dctneog~/ E{esuaeo @e|e~/ Kûoag Dcttg~g/ Giiq be ^gu{c/ Oeg`Ncigll/ Xaì Vcaèt -laomc bc Bcù{c Oeîg!/ g lgrþftclg Jcutanag \cocbcte~/ Kg~á EjaoagTg`becu/ C`c Jctac Dcmac`c/ Xeà`mc ^majabr/ g BK Daf Dgq/ g e~ntargt e xtgburgt @eo~g`Jgrc/ ern.

ûtxtee`be`re `grct `c te|a~rc sue/ ej jcrátac be |a~uco be jgbc kg|ej e ngjxgtrcje`rg/ mãlgrg~/ x.e}./ be kg|e`~ ej xtcac~/ ~utla~rc~ e fctgrc~ ‟ngngrc~‚ be dasuêà sue xctenej ret ~abglearc~ mgke/ ejdgtc mckc nga~c~ bcrcbc~. \ekc e~rc~ lgrg~ bg c`g 316<'66/ xgtrc`rg/ mã jca~ be >8c`g~ crtã~ e ng`latc; gu g~ c`g~ 68 e~rc|cj è lte`re be ~eu rejxg gu g ~ánuog 43 `îg e|gouau

1 Ogncoa{cbg `c nabcbe be ^îg Xcuog.38

C te|a~rc Mgjej/ jca~ rctbe xc~~c c nmcjct Xocqdgq.



31

juarg è~~e sue~arg... Bû|abc bg sue clatjg7 Xga~ e`rîg/ lgomeae ujc te|a~rc bc báncbc be~e~~e`rc ngj ne`c~ xtcac`c~/ e |gnë |ca ret be te|et ~uc~ gxaàõe~. 33

Kã `c báncbc be 31=8/ c xtegnuxcæîg ngj c ~cûbe e g ngtxg cuje`rc/ e c xctrat ba~~g cxctenej

te|a~rc~ ngjg ^cûbe/ Dgc lgtjc/ Ngtxg c Ngtxg/ e`rte gurtc~ bg je~jg fëètg. Ca`bc |îg

nte~net `g jetncbg c~ te|a~rc~ nae`rêlanc~/ be bengtcæîg e ctsuarerutc.

3.6 Nctcnretê~ranc~ bg kgt`coa~jg ej te|a~rc

^nco{g -4882! cxg`rc sue ujc balete`æc |a~ê|eo bc te|a~rc xctc g~ gurtg~ jeag~ be ngjuàncæîg

ajxte~~c á g ~eu lgtjcrg. @îg ~ukc c~ jîg~ ngjg g~ kgt`ca~/ á lãnao be ncttefct e ~eu xcxeo

fctc`re dgc sucoabcbe be re}rg e ajcfej. C xetagbanabcbe bc~ te|a~rc~ fetcoje`re |ctac ej

~ejc`co/ sua`{e`co gu je`~co. ûc oa`fucfej ~e balete juarg bg~ kgt`ca~. @g kgt`coa~jg be

te|a~rc/ c du~nc xgt `g|g~ ä`fuog~/ `grênac~ e}nou~a|c~/ á jca~ sue ajxgtrc`re.

@c~ tebcæõe~ be kgt`ca~ gu be reoekgt`ca~/ suc`bg cng`rene uj rettejgrg/ xgt e}ejxog/ rubgrteje. Á xtena~g ngttet e bct c `grênac ej najc bc mgtc. @c~ te|a~rc~/ c tebcæîg `îg rteje. Gurteje dej je`g~. ê lgt xctc lcoct be rettejgrg/ ~etã ène~~ãtag be~ngdtat g sue à`fuáj ~cde~gdte eoe/ e}xoanã*og be lgtjc balete`re. -^NCO[G/ 4882/ x.23!

\aoc~ Dgc~ -311<! ngjxoerc g sue ^nco{g -4882! ba~nure ~gdte c~ te|a~rc~. Xctc eoe c te|a~rc

~ejc`co |ca xtee`nmet g~ |c{ag~ a`lgtjcra|g~ bea}cbg~ xeoc~ ngdetrutc~ be kgt`ca~/ tãbag e

reoe|a~îg. G |eênuog xg~~uê uj rejxg jcagt xctc e}rtcxgocæõe~ c`coêranc~/ eoc~ xgbej xtgbu{at

re}rg~ jca~ ntacra|g~/ uraoa{c`bg tenut~g~ sue fetcoje`re ~îg a`ngjxcrê|ea~ ngj c |eognabcbe bg

kgt`coa~jg baãtag. C xte~e`æc a`retxtercra|c á dej lgtre.

33 mrrx;''cxgogfg33.dogf~xgr.ngj'4881'86'ujc*ftc`be*te|a~rc*~ere`ra~rc*fetcncg.mrjo cne~~g ej; 48'8='4838 ã~

36;88 mgtc~



48

\aoc~ Dgc~ -311<! c`coa~c c~xenrg~ e~xenêlang~ bg kgt`coa~jg ajxte~~g/ e`lcra{c`bg g kgt`coa~jg

ej te|a~rc. Eoe e}xoanc sue g kgt`coa~jg learg xctc te|a~rc~ rej uj balete`naco ngj teocæîg cg~

kgt`ca~ ajxte~~g~. C~ te|a~rc~ e}afej re}rg~ jca~ ‟eoefc`re~‚/ lc{e`bg ujc ng`naoacæîg e`rte

kgt`coa~jg e oaretcrutc.

G curgt ca`bc e`lcra{c c ajxgträ`nac bg re}rg be te|a~rc á ntact ujc `cttcra|c a`~rafc`re e crtce`rexctc sue g oeargt xg~~c jetfuomct `c ‟ma~rþtac‚/ kã sue ~e rtcrc be uj kgt`coa~jg ba`äjang/ |eog{ e

ngj rejxg'e~xcæg xctc e}rtcxgocæõe~ be gtbej c`coêranc. G re}rg be te|a~rc á balete`re be kgt`co

ajxte~~g. \aoc~ Dgc~ -311<!/ oe|c ej ng`rc sue ej te|a~rc~ g re}rg be|e ~et bercomcbg/ eoe be|e

‟bacogfct‚ ngj g oeargt/ be|e ncu~ct ajxcnrg ej suej e~ra|et oe`bg csueoc jcrátac e ca`bc ba{ sue

‟g jeomgt ncja`mg xctc tebafat `îg á csueoe tengje`bcbg xeog jcùco be ftc`be kgt`co baãtag‚.

C c`ãoa~e e a`retxtercæîg bg lcrg `îg xgbej xte~na`bat bg rejxg e bg e~xcæg. @îg g~ ba~xe`~e be~eu xtgkerg/ e~rekc ~ejxte dej a`lgtjcbg. @îg re`mc cxe`c~ a`lgtjcæõe~ xutc~ e ~ajxoe~.Bexute e ngjxtee`bc g lcrg. C `cttcra|c be uj re}rg be te|a~rc á rcjdáj uj bgnuje`rgma~rþtang. -\AOC^ DGC^/ 311</ x.35!

Fêtac~/ ngogsuacoa~jg e ègogfa~jg ej uj kgt`co ajxte~~g ~îg e}xte~~cje`re xtgadabg~/ g sue

`îg cng`rene `c~ te|a~rc~ -\aoc~ Dgc~ -311<!. Ng`rubg/ te|a~rc~ ngjg c \ekc e A~rgá / xgt e}ejxog/

cdu~cj be xcoc|tc~ lgtjca~/ g sue rcjdáj be|e ~et e|arcbg. Nocte{c be xg`rg~ be |a~rc~ e abeac~/

gtfcà{cbc~ be lgtjc ntg`goþfanc/ be~ntaæîg be bercome~/ ngjxctcæîg/ c`cogfac~/ ntacæîg be

ng`rtc~re~/ e}ejxoalancæîg/ aou~rtcæîg/ re~reju`mg bc~ gd~et|cæõe~/ ~îg xtajgtbaca~ `g re}rg be

te|a~rc. ^nco{g -4882! cntebarc sue `g kgt`coa~jg be te|a~rc c~ |c`rcfe`~ xctc ~e ng`rct ujc



43

ma~rþtac ~îg ftc`be~/ be|abg cg~ juarg~ tenut~g~ ftãlang~. Jc~ g~ cdu~g~ be|ej ~et e|arcbg~/ kã

sue;

G~ cdu~g~ be sucosuet `crute{c/ e~re ~aj/ be|ej ~et cdgja`cbg~. G ajxgtrc`re á e~ngomet cxcoc|tc sue jeomgt e}xte~~e g xe`~cje`rg/ be jgbg noctg/ laeo e ng`na~g. Suc~e ~ejxte c xcoc|tce~rã ej ~a`rgàc ngj g rejc bc jcrátac. -...! ^cdet g ~afàlancbg be cxcoc|tc~ balênea~ `îg ~afàlancsue be|c u~ã*oc~. Á ujc sue~rîg be dgj ~e`~g e te~xearg xeog xtgkerg. G re}rg xctc ujc te|a~rcrcjdáj ~efue g~ xcbtõe~ kgt`coê~rang~/ jc~ a~rg `îg ajxebe sue xcoc|tc~/ ltc~e~ e xetêgbg~re`mcj uj ‟tedgocbg‚ balete`re. Oet g re}rg ej |g{ corc á ujc dgc jebabc xctc xetnedet ~e c~xcoc|tc~ e~rîg cngjxc`mc`bg c gtsue~rtcæîg bc~ abeac~ e ~e c~ ltc~e~ e~rîg `g rcjc`mg netrg.-\AOC^ DGC^/ 311</ x.3=!

\aoc~ Dgc~ -311<! gd~et|c sue ncbc re}rg be te|a~rc xg~~ua uj e~raog xtþxtag. Xctc eoe/ g sue

nctcnreta{c uj e~raog á c bena~îg be e~ngomet uj eoeje`rg ej |e{ be a`ûjetg~ gurtg~ ba~xg`ê|ea~.

\ekc rej uj e~raog balete`re be A~rgá/ g sue `îg ajxebe sue cjdc~ re`mcj uj e~raog xtþxtag gutexte~e`rej g e~raog kgt`coê~rang. @g laj bc oa`mc/ xgbejg~ ~ufetat/ ngj juarg nuabcbg/ sue gxtgla~~ag`co be te|a~rc/ texþtret gu tebcrgt/ rcjdáj xg~~c ret uj re}rg ‟e~raoa{cbg‚. Uj e~raog suexg~~g ngjda`ct ngj c gdkera|abcbe ngj c `cttcra|c oaretãtac. -\AOC^ DGC^/ 311</ x.>>!

G curgt ca`bc |ca ba{et sue g re}rg be te|a~rc á uj re}rg jca~ ‟oa|te‚/ kã sue `g kgt`coa~jg baãtag/

c xtegnuxcæîg jcagt á ngj c |eognabcbe e c xcbtgà{cæîg bg sue ngj ujc a`retxtercæîg bc~

te~xg~rc~ cg~ ‟xgtsuë~‚. G re}rg be te|a~rc ba~xõe be uj rejxg jcagt xctc a`lgtjct/ c`coa~ct e

a`retxterct e xgt a~~g `îg du~nc e}rtejg~ be ajxctnacoabcbe.

\aoc~ dgc~ -311<! ba{ sue g kgt`coa~jg du~nc ujc e~xánae be ‟e}xte~~îg be ng`~e`~g‚ ngjuj e

cg je~jg rejxg xet~g`coa{cbc. Ujc e~xánae be oa`fucfej abeco/ xctc ~et c~~ajaocbc xgt rgbg~ g~

`ê|ea~ nuorutca~ bc ~gnaebcbe.

Rgbc c te|a~rc ~efue g je~jg xtenearg bg~ kgt`ca~ baãtag~. G lu`bcje`rco á lc{et ngj sue coa`fucfej ~ekc be lãnao c~~ajaocæîg xeog oeargt. Suc~e ~ejxte/ c~ te|a~rc~ re`rcj ng`naoact gbgjêàg bc ránànc kgt`coê~ranc ngj c ajxtg|a~cæîg. G e~raog kgt`coê~rang ng`~a~re e}crcje`re ej



44

rtc`~lgtjct c a`lgtjcæîg dturc ej `granac oefê|eo e ngjxtee`~ê|eo. ê `îg lg~~e c~~aj/ g kgt`cobaãtag „ xta`naxcoje`re* e~rctac te~et|cbg cxe`c~ c ujc eoare nuorutco xta|aoefacbc. Xgt `îg ~et e~~e

g gdkera|g bg kgt`coa~jg/ c oa`fucfej cbgrcbc á c sue cra`fe g jcagt `ûjetg be xe~~gc~/ ratc`bgujc jábac e`rte g oeargt be a`~rtuæîg xtajãtac e g sue rej baxogjc uà|et~arãtag. -\AOC^ DGC^/311</ x.>1!

G curgt ca`bc lcoc ~gdte g e~raog kgt`coê~rang ejxtefcbg `c~ te|a~rc~ be a`lgtjcæîg sue/ ej fetco/

eoefej ngjg ncja`mg c uàbcbe be re}rg/ eocdgtcæîg bc oa`fucfej e sucoalancæîg bc `grênac. Ujc

|e{ sue g e~raog kgt`coê~rang ~e ba~ra`fue xgt xcbtgà{ct e tcnag`coa{ct/ a~~g lc{ ngj sue g xtgne~~g

be a`lgtjcæîg ~ekc ntaretag~g.

Je~jg g re}rg be te|a~rc/ -...! `îg e~rã ajuè c netrc~ lþtjuoc~. ^þ sue g re}rg be ujc te|a~rc~ejc`co be a`lgtjcæîg á jca~ a`|e~rafcra|g e a`retxtercra|g/ je`g~ gdkera|g e jca~ ntacra|g.Ftg~~g jgbg/ c lþtjuoc jca~ ngjuj bc te|a~rc ~ejc`co be a`lgtjcæõe~ á c `cttcra|c/xta|aoefac`bg c xtãranc bc texgtrcfej `c jcagtac bc~ ~eæõe~. -\AOC^ DGC^/ 311</ x.23!

\aoc~ dgc~ -311<!/ ba{ sue c~ te|a~rc~ xgbej ~et ba|ababc~ ej rtë~ ftuxg~ e~raoê~rang~; c~ aou~rtcbc~/

c~ e~xenacoa{cbc~ e c~ be a`lgtjcæîg fetco.

@ujc te|a~rc e`ng`rtcjg~ c lgrgftclac/ g be~af` e g re}rg. Ej retjg~ be crucoabcbe/ cxe~ct bexetjcènetej jca~ rejxg `c~ dc`nc~/ c~ te|a~rc~ ~îg xtgburg~ jca~ butã|ea~ sue g~ kgt`ca~. Áxtena~g oejdtct `g|cje`re sue c te|a~rc á jca~ oaretãtac sue g kgt`co `g sue ~e telete cgrtcrcje`rg bcbg cg re}rg. Cbjare u~g e~rárang~ bc xcoc|tc e tenut~g~ ftãlang~ be jgbg dej jca~locftc`re sue g~ kgt`ca~. Coáj ba~~g c te|a~rc á jca~ ctrê~ranc suc`rg cg~ c~xenrg~ be xtgftcjcæîg

|a~uco. -\AOC^ DGC^/ 311</ x.63!

G curgt ca`bc ngjxoerc sue g~ ncbet`g~ be nuorutc e g~ ~uxoeje`rg~ bg~ kgt`ca~/ ~e c~~ejeomcj cg

e~raog jcfc{aè. G~ ncbet`g~ be nuorutc `g~ kgt`ca~ ~îg jca~ e`~cê~rang~ e gxa`cra|g~. G re}rg á

jca~ ~gorg/ ngj re`bë`nac c cd~gt|et ngogsuacoa~jg~ e ègogfa~jg~ be rgbg g raxg. G re}rg bg

ncbet`g be nuorutc rej uj xûdoang e uj e~raog dej belaàbg. Kã c te|a~rc ~ejc`co be a`lgtjcæõe~



4>

ng`~efue rtcrct ngj c je~jc be~e`|gorutc e~raoê~ranc rc`rg c jcrátac be nuorutc ngjg be xgoêranc/

xgt e}ejxog.

-..! G~ ncbet`g~ be nuorutc gu c~ nmcjcbc~ ~efu`bc~ ~eæõe~ ng~rujcj ng`naoact c ránànc kgt`coê~ranc ngj c ntaranc/ c`coa~c`bg cg je~jg rejxg rgbc c gdtc e g lcrg gu cng`renaje`rgfetcbg xgt eoc. C~ te|a~rc~/ xctc ~e ba~ra`fuatej/ cnte~ne`rcj cg re}rg `granag~g uj ng`reûbgngjxoeje`rct gu ujc c`fuocæîg ca`bc jca~ e~xenalanc. -\AOC^ DGC^/ 311</ x.16!

\aoc~ Dgc~ -311<! gd~et|c sue c te|a~rc e g kgt`co ~îg/ xga~/ natnu`~rc`nacoje`re balete`re~. C

xetagbanabcbe á uj lcrgt beretja`c`re bg e~raog be re}rg be ujc te|a~rc. G re}rg be te|a~rc ja~rutc

c xtãranc be `granact ngj c xtãranc be `cttct. C te|a~rc ~e cxtgxtac be cofujc~ lgtjc~ oaretãtac~ e

c~~aj lc{ uj kgt`coa~jg sue bacf`g~ranc/ a`|e~rafc e a`retxterc.

Xctc e~nte|et ej te|a~rc á xtena~g ránànc/ jc~ rcjdáj a`~xatcæîg e ntacra|abcbe. Xgt a~~g `îg mãlþtjuoc~ tafgtg~cje`re belaàbc~. Jc~ e}a~rej dcoa{cbgte~ sue xgbej lgtjct g~ xtgla~~ag`ca~ bete|a~rc. Xg~~ê|ea~ teftc~ `îg xgbej/ e`rterc`rg/ ~et rgjcbc~ ngjg rãduc~ bc oea. êt|ej/ a~rg ~aj/

xctc sue g~ re}rg~ `îg xetncj ej tarjg/ nocte{c e ng`na~îg/ rtë~ nctcnretê~ranc~ dã~anc~ bg e~raog kgt`coê~rang. -...! C te|a~rc be~e`tgoc g `g|eog bg~ lcrg~/ du~nc re~reju`mg~ e ~gorc c xcoc|tc. @cttce texgtrc. Xgt e~~c tc{îg/ ng~rujc bea}ct cofg ‟`g ct‚ gu `c~ e`rteoa`mc~. A~rg `îg ~afàlanc sue c~te|a~rc~ ~ekcj a`laáa~ cg lcrg texgtrcbg. E ~aj sue/ cg ~gorct cjcttc~ bc xcbtgà{cæîg/ xgbe mc|etg ta~ng be ng`bu{at g oeargt cg netrg ‟kuê{g be |cogt‚. Xgtrc`rg/ á ajxgtrc`re ~exctct bg kgt`coa~jga`retxtercra|g sucosuet lgtjc be |a~îg ogncoa{cbc/ cd~gourcje`re xe~~gco. G kgt`coa~jga`retxtercra|g be|e xetjarat xgt ~a je~jg c bafe~rîg bg rejc sue ome á e}xg~rg. -\AOC^ DGC^/311</ x.383!

\aoc~ Dgc~ -311<! cntebarc sue c sucoabcbe bg re}rg á g balete`naco `c~ te|a~rc~/ xgtsue á

ng`~esÿë`nac be uj ng`reûbg dej eocdgtcbg e ntaretag~g.



42

4. VGGB^RGNI; UJ JCTNG NG@RTCNUORUTCO

4.3 Uj dte|e ma~rþtang ~gdte c ng`rtcnuorutc

êfu`bg Xeteatc -31=<!/ g retjg ng`rtcnuorutc lga a`|e`rcbg xeoc ajxte`~c `gtre* cjetanc`c `g~

c`g~ be 31<8 xctc be~af`ct uj ng`ku`rg be jcàle~rcæõe~ nuorutca~ `g|c~ sue logte~netcj/ `îg ~þ

`g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ ngjg ej |ãtag~ gurtg~ xcê~e~/ e~xenacoje`re `c Eutgxc. @c Cjátanc Ocra`c/g jg|aje`rg re|e a`re`~abcbe e texetnu~~îg je`gte~. Rej ngjg nctcnretê~ranc dã~anc g lcrg be ~e

gxgt è nuorutc fetco |afe`re.

C ng`rtcnuorutc ba{ te~xearg c uj jg|aje`rg be ng`re~rcæîg/ sue ngognc|c ej }esue c nuorutc

glanaco. ûc balu~îg cng`reneu crtc|á~ bg~ jeag~ be ngjuàncæîg be jc~~c.

Ng`rtcnuorutc á c nuorutc jctfa co/ a`bexe`be`re bg teng`menaje`rg glanaco. @g ~e`rabguà|et~arãtag bg retjg á ujc c`ranuorutc. Gdebene c a`~ra`rg~ be~noc~~alancbg~ `g~ sucbtg~cncbëjang~. -XETEATC/ 31=</ x.3>!

Xeteatc -31=<! e}xoanc sue c ng`rtcnuorutc ~utfau be lgtjc balete`re/ ba~rc`re be sucosuet gurtg

xtgne~~g tcnag`coa{ã|eo. Cntebarc sue eoc `c~neu xeoc~ xtþxtac~ ‟bge`æc~‚ be `g~~c nuorutc

rtcbanag`co. Xctc g curgt c nuorutc mefejòànc lga |a~rc ngjg ujc bge`æc/ ujc ‟ctre jþtdabc‚.

Xeteatc -31=<! ctfuje`rc sue rca~ ‟bge`æc~‚ ng`banag`ctcj g ~utfaje`rg bc ng`rtcnuorutc ngjg

uj c`rêbgrg gu c`rangtxg/ ène~~ãtag è xte~et|cæîg be uj jêàjg be ~cûbe e}a~re`naco/ sue

xc~~gu c ~et ~gnacoje`re e}afabg xeog xtþxtag a`~ra`rg be ~gdte|a|ë`nac ej `g~~c |abc ej ngjuj.



45

G xe`~cje`rg bg ~ánuog ]A] re`rgu bacf`g~ranct e~~c bge`æc be balete`re~ jcèatc~. Nmcjc*~e‟coae`cæîg‚/ be Jc} * e ‟èutg~e‚ be Lteub. @g jct}a~jg/ á g te~uorcbg x~angoþfang bc

e}xogtcæîg eng`òjanc9 `c x~anc`ãoa~e/ g xtgburg ~gnaco bc texte~~îg bg~ a`~ra`rg~. Mã be ~etcjdc~ c~ nga~c~ ca`bc. C gtafej be~~c bge`æc xetbe*~e `c `gare bg~ rejxg~; eoc `îg bexe`becxe`c~ bc~ jcèatc~ sue g~ mgje`~ gtfcà{ctcj ~uc ~gdte|a|ë`nac jcretaco gu ~uc~ teocæõe~lcjaoacte~9 c`re~/ ~uc~ lgtjc~ jþtdabc~ „ ba`meatg/ e}xogtcæîg/ texte~~îg/ curgtarcta~jg ern. „ ~îg~uc~ ng`~esÿë`nac~ gu ~a`rgjc~/ gu ca`bc jeomgt; ~îg eoc xtþxtac/ cg `ê|eo bc e}xetaë`nacng`nterc. -XETEATC/ 31=</ x.3<!

Jcnaeo -3164! ngjxoerc c~ belaàæõe~ learc~ xgt Xeteatc -31=<!/ ba{e`bg sue |ë c ng`rtcnuorutc

`îg ngjg uj jg|aje`rg be tedeobac/ jc~ uj jg|aje`rg sue du~nc|c c xc{ e g cjgt/ uj

jg|aje`rg sue coáj be rubg ourc|c ng`rtc c texte~~îg e c~ teftc~ sue c ~gnaebcbe ajxu`mc xctc

rgbc c xgxuocæîg/ jc~ sue `îg cftcbc|cj c rgbg~.

Y...Z g retjg ng`rtcnuorutc xgbe ~e teletat cg ng`ku`rg be jg|aje`rg~ be tedeoaîg bc ku|e`rube esue jctnctcj g~ c`g~ <8; g jg|aje`rg maxxae/ c jû~anc tgni/ ujc netrc jg|aje`rcæîg `c~uà|et~abcbe~/ |acfe`~ be jgnmaoc/ btgfc~/ gtae`rcoa~jg e c~~aj xgt bac`re. -XETEATC/ 31=</x.48!

êfu`bg g ~are Ng`rtcnuorutc.Gtf34

c ng`rtcnuorutc etc uj jg|aje`rg xgoêrang*nuorutco be nctãret

oadetrãtag sue ~utfau bg ng`ltg`rg e`rte c nuorutc e c |a~îg ku|eào/ a`bg ng`rtc cofu`~ |cogte~

jgtca~ bc nuorutc gnabe`rco. Xtefc|c oadetbcbe a`ba|abuco e cu~ë`nac be sucosuet xteng`nearg.

G~ cbexrg~ bg jg|aje`rg suetacj xgbet ngjet/ ~e |e~rat/ lc{et ~e}g/ u~ct btgfc~/ cfat e xe`~ct

bc jcèatc sue ncbc uj sua~e~~e/ ~ej xtekubanct à`fuáj/ jc~ ~ej sucosuet raxg be ne`~utc.

êj fuettc/ ~ej ctjc~/ ~ej xtgadaæõe~ e texte~~õe~ bg~ e}ra`rg~ `crutca~ be ncbc uj/ ~ej teftc~

ajxg~rc~/ ~ej ng`burc~ jgbeocbc~/ ~ej texte~~îg lê~anc gu jgtco.

34 Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo cne~~g ej;

4='8='4838 ã~ 3<;88 mgtc~



4<

@c ctre/ g jg|aje`rg rcjdáj ~e e}xc`bau/ cra`fa`bg rgbc~ c~ ncjcbc~ ~gnaca~/ jc~

xta`naxcoje`re g~ kg|e`~ be~~c áxgnc. ^gdterubg xeoc jû~anc/ suedtgu dctteatc~ ng`nearuca~ e

ng`|e`nag`ca~. Be|ejg~ oejdtct sue g retjg ng`rtcnuorutc xgbe ~e teletat cg ng`ku`rg be

jg|aje`rg~ be tedeoaîg bc ku|e`rube bg~ c`g~ 31<8 e rcjdáj c uj jg|aje`rg be ng`re~rcæîg

fetco.

C~ jcàle~rcæõe~ nuorutca~ ~utfabc~ `c Eutgxc/ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ Cjátanc Ocra`c `c báncbc be

31<8/ learc~ xgt kg|e`~ bc noc~~e jábac ej ~uc jcagtac/ sue ra|etcj ng`rcrg ngj regtac~ beftc`be~ nae`ra~rc~ ~gnaca~ e e~rubag~g~ bg ngjxgtrcje`rg mujc`g `c~ uà|et~abcbe~/ ~ee}xc`batcj ftcæc~ è jêbac. C ajxte`~c `gtre*cjetanc`c ntagu g retjg Ng`rtcnuorutc/ xctc`gject e~~c~ jcàle~rcæõe~ be abáac~ oadetrãtac~ ng`rtãtac~ cg~ jgbeog~ ngjxgtrcje`rca~ bcnuorutc gnabe`rco. 3>

4.4 Jg|aje`rg~ ng`rtcnuorutca~

êfu`bg Xeteatc -31=<!/ lgtcj rtë~ jg|aje`rg~ sue jctnctcj c ng`rtcnuorutc. Cxe~ct be

e}a~ratej |ãtag~ gurtg~ jg|aje`rg~/ g~ jg|aje`rg~ Maxxae/ Decrài~ e Max~ret~/ ~e rgt`ctcj

be~rcsue.

Xeteatc -31=<! ba{ sue g~ Decrài~32 ~utfatcj `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~ `c báncbc be 3158/ etcj

|etbcbeatg~ texte~e`rc`re~ be uj c`ctsua~jg tgjä`rang. Ra`mcj uj e~raog be ng`re~rcæîg e

cfarcæîg/ `g|g e tcbanco/ suc`bg ngjxctcbg~ è ourc bc e~suetbc rtcbanag`co. Eoe~ ~e cxgac|cj ej

`gæõe~ e nte`æc~ rca~ ngjg c bc ène~~abcbe bg ‟be~e`fckcje`rg ej jc~~c‚ gu bc ‟a`átnac

ftuxco‚.

3> Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo cne~~g ej;4='8='4838 ã~ 3<;88 mgtc~32

Jg|aje`rg ng`rtcnuorutc be rtcbaæîg dgëjac.



46

Lga è~~c fetcæîg be tedeobe~ jctfa`coa{cbg~ bg~ dcattg~ dgëjag~ sue ~utfau c xge~ac Decr . Ngj

eoc `c~netcj ftc`be~ curgte~ bc oaretcrutc ngjg Kcni Ietgucn/ Cooe` Fa`~detf e Vaooacj

Duttgufm~. Xeteatc -31=<! jg~rtc sue g~ Decrài~/ e`nctctcj be jgbg |afgtg~g c tedeobac

jctfa`coa{cbc bg~ c`g~ be 3158 `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~.

êfu`bg g ~are Ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf

35

g~ decr~ |aetcj be lcjêoac~ sue xc~~ctcj xeoc bexte~~îg bgc`g~ be 31>8/ eoe~ |ackc|cj è xtgnutc be ejxtefg. Jc~ te~a~re`re~ cg ng`lgtja~jg/ `îg

ng`~efuacj ~e e~rcdeoenet/ ~e`bg c~~aj/ ntu{c|cj g xcê~ tenarc`bg xgejc~ ej fcoetac~. Etcj

kg|e`~ uà|et~arãtag~ sue ~e ng`menetcj lgtc bc uà|et~abcbe/ a`rete~~cbg~ xgt ujc e~ntarc `îg

gtrgbg}ac. Eoe~ etcj; Tajdcub/ Vaooac` Docie/ Jeo|aooe/ Varmjc`/ Iclic/ @aer{~nme. Cxþ~ uj

rejxg/ ~e rgt`ctcj xtgle~~gte~ be uà|et~abcbe~/ ~e`bg cnu~cbg~ be xc~~ctej |cogte~

ng`~abetcbg~ ~ud|et~a|g~ cg~ e~rubc`re~.

E~~c fetcæîg be decrài~ rtgu}e ujc ftc`be ng`rtaduaæîg xctc c oaretcrutc. C oadetbcbe xctc ~e

ntact ltc~e~ ej jg|aje`rg/ e c xge~ac juarc~ |e{e~ ~utteco/ nctcnreta{cbc xgt |et~g~ be na`ng

oa`mc~/ coáj bc a`~xatcæîg `c~ oertc~ bg kc{{ xctc ngjxgt ~eu~ re}rg~/ etcj c~ jctnc~ bg ftuxg.

A`suaerg~/ jctfa`ca~ -suc`bg `îg ja`gtac~!/ xtere`bacj jg~rtct ~eu be~fg~rg ngj g ~rcru~ sug bg ng`~uja~jg e bc ren`gntcnac/ ng`rtcxg`bg xtgxg~rc~ coret`cra|c~ be |abc. @îg suetacjjubct g ju`bg/ èj lc{et c te|gouæîg/ jc~ ourct xeog batearg be ~et uj a`ba|êbug. @îg ra`mcj~gouæõe~ xctc g~ jcoe~ bg ju`bg. @ej xctc g~ xtþxtag~.3<

35 Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo / cne~~g ej;4='8='4838/ è~ 3<;88 mgtc~. 3< Nl . mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo / cne~~g ej;

4='8='4838 / è~ 3<;88 mgtc~.



4=

êfu`bg g ~are Ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf/ c Fetcæîg Decr `c oaretcrutc ngjxtee`bac uj `ûjetg xesue`g

be e~ntargte~/ bg~ suca~ Kcni Ietgucn/ Cooe` Fa`~detf e Vaooacj ^. Duttgufm~ ~îg g~ jca~

ng`menabg~. G~ rtë~ ~e ng`menetcj `c Uà|et~abcbe Ngoujdac/ ej @g|c Qgti/ `g jeag bc báncbc

be 3128/ e ~e rgt`ctcj ftc`be~ cjafg~/ ncbc uj e`ngtckc`bg g gurtg c e~nte|et xgt jca~ be be{

c`g~/ crá sue c~ ebargtc~ ngjeæctcj c oe|ct ~eu rtcdcomg c ~átag `g laj bg~ c`g~ 3158. Eoe~ ~e

ng`ne`rtc|cj ej @g|c Agtsue e ^îg Ltc`na~ng/ e etcj corcje`re tesua~arcbg~ xeoc a`bû~rtac

ebargtaco. C Fetcæîg decr `îg lga ujc rutjc be maxxae~/ eoe~ a`loue`nactcj e~~e e~raog be |abc ngjc ~uc oaretcrutc e c ~uc laog~glac be |abc. ê Vggb~rgni xgbe ~et ng`~abetcbg uj ~êjdgog bg~

maxxae~/ ujc xesue`c rc|et`c e~nutc/ è~ 4 bc jcbtufcbc cg ~gj bg kc{{ ngj Kcni Ietgucn

ngjxtc`bg dedabc~ `g dct/ á c rtcbuæîg e g ~êjdgog decr.

G e~ntargt cjetanc`g Cooe` Fa`~detf/ `c~nabg `g c`g be 314</ á ng`~abetcbg uj bg~ xta`naxca~

xgerc~ bc fetcæîg decr . Ej ~uc~ gdtc~ cxte~e`rc g~ ~efua`re~ rtcæg~; g gtae`rcoa~jg e g cra|a~jg

xgoêrang. @g la`co bg~ c`g~ be 31<8/ g e~ntargt te~go|eu octfct c~ btgfc~ xctc ~e bebanct è

jebarcæîg e è agfc. Xctranaxc|c be jctnmc~ maxxae~ ca`bc `g~ c`g~ be 31<8 e `g c`g be 3116 |eag

c lcoenet ej @g|c Agtsue.

Kcni Ietgucn/ gurtg e~ntargt ajxgtrc`re bc fetcæîg decr / be gtafej ltc`ng nc`cbe`~e/ `c~neu ej

3144. Cntebarc|c sue e~nte|et oa|tg~ e xtefct c dg`bcbe uà|et~co etc ~uc ja~~îg `c Rettc. Ngj

re}rg~ oafcbg~ cg e~xatarucoa~jg e ~gdte g ~gltaje`rg mujc`g/ g e~ntargt cxg~rc|c ej |acfe`~ ej

du~nc be ~uc~ be~ngdetrc~/ sue ~îg be~ntarc~ ej juarg~ be ~eu~ oa|tg~.



41

‟G` Rme Tgcb$ * $Xá @c E~rtcbc$ */ ngjg g oa|tg langu ng`menabg/ `cttc csueoc e jca~ gurtc~ >|acfe`~ sue Bec` Jgtactrq e ^co Xctcba~e -Ietgucn! la{etcj. Oaretctacje`re/ $G` rme Tgcb$ á

jca~ uj lturg sue ~e a`~ete `c oa`mcfej `gtre*cjetanc`c be e~ntargte~ |ackc`re~/ ngjg JctiRvca`/ Kcni Og`bg` e Meja`fvcq/ e sue cxte~e`rc ocæg~ be xcte`re~ng ngj ujc ~átae bejeè~rtáa~ sue |ca be Vggbae Furmtae è Dgd Bqoc`. Uraoa{c`bg*~e bc xtg~c e~xg`räèc/ Ietgucne~nte|eu gurtg~ oa|tg~/ è`muj be sucoabcbe ngjxctã|eo; Rme Rgv` c`b rme Narq/ Rmeûdrettc`~/ Rme Bmctjc Duj~ * e~re ûorajg bc lc~e duba~rc. Á a`rete~~c`re gd~et|ct g ng`loarge`rte c eoártanc |abc beoe~ e c~ re`rcra|c~ be cd~gt|et c~ a`louë`nac~ gtae`rca~/ ngjg g a~gocje`rg/g c~nera~jg e c jebarcæîg. Ietgucn jgtteu a~gocbg/ ej 31<1/ `c ~uc nabcbe `crco. 36

Vaooacj Duttgufm~/ `c~nabg `g c`g be 3132 `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ etc lgtjcbg ej jebana`c.

\a`bg be lcjêoac tanc/ rcjdáj lga uj bg~ `gje~ be ftc`be ajxgträ`nac `c oaretcrutc decr.

\anacbg ej metgê`c xgt 38 c`g~/ etc c~~gjdtcbg xgt ~eu~ bejòàg~ xe~~gca~/ je~jg c~~aj

e~nte|eu oa|tg~ be ftc`be ~une~~g ngjg $G Rêsuere Sue E}xogbau$.

Nmctoe~ Duigv~ia * Ba{ac sue uj e~ntargt `îg ra`mc tc{îg be lcoct ngj gurtg/ e jg~rtgu a~~gùj ng`rg ej sue `cttc ~eu e`ng`rtg ngj Dgttgufm~. Ncxêruog è xctre bc oaretcrutc `gtre*

cjetanc`c xeog ~eu ng`reûbg ang`gnoc~rc/ xeog járgbg be ntacæîg a`ngjuj * `c~ ng}c~/ xeoguà|et~g lanrênag jca~ be`~g e -ftgre~ng/ crá! sue sucosuet gurtg e~ntargt jerabg c jctfa`co kcjca~ ng`~efuatac ntact. Dedettîg/ xetbebgt `crg/ e}*nctreatg/ cxg~rcbgt ej nc|cog~/ á ce`nct`cæîg |a|c bg gurtg ocbg bc jgebc bg ~g`mg cjetanc`g. Duigv~ia á a`ku~rcje`re -je~jgsue c ~eu xebabg! ngogncbg è xctre bg~ decrài~/ -c jcagtac bg~ suca~ ng`menac/ suc`bg `îgcbjatc|c! xgtsue jgtc|c ej gurtc nabcbe/ Og~ C`feoe~. Noctg/ mc|ac gurtg~ jgra|g~; eoengjeægu c e~nte|et jca~ |eomg/ `îg ra`mc nut~g ~uxetagt èj etc bg natnuarg cncbëjang/ etcngjxoercje`re cxgncoêxrang e bere~rc|c ntact ej ftuxg. 3=

Ca`bc `c báncbc be 3158/ `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ ~efu`bg Xeteatc -31=<!/ ~utfe gurtg le`òje`g be

ng`re~rcæîg/ ng`rejxgtäèg cg bg~ Decrài~/ g~ Max~ret~31/ csueoe~ sue ~e gxu`mcj cg~ ~sucte~/

sue ~etacj ‟g~ ncterc~‚/ ‟g~ sucbtcbg~‚. G~ Max~ret~ ~e te|gorc|cj e èfc|cj be lgtjc |agoe`rc

g~ |cogte~ sue etcj e~rcdeoenabg~ xeoc ~gnaebcbe.

36 Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo /cne~~g ej;4='8='4838/ è~ 3<;88 mgtc~.3= Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo /cne~~g ej;4='8='4838/ è~ 3<;88 mgtc~.31

Csueoe sue ~e tedeoc ng`rtc csueoc ~arucæîg.



>8

Y...Z Max~ret e ^sucte ~îg/ c`re~ be jca~ `cbc/ uj ‟e~rcbg be e~xêtarg‚/ ujc crarube be te|gorc gube ng`lgtja~jg bac`re bg ~rcru~ sug bc~ e`rîg jgbet`c~ ~gnaebcbe~ ren`gntãranc~. -XETEATC/

31=</ x.><!

@c je~jc áxgnc bg~ decr~ rcjdáj mc|ac uj gurtg ftuxg be~ng`re`re ngj g raxg be |abc bc~gnaebcbe be ng`~ujg. Etcj g~ max~ret~/ sue ~e gxu`mcj cg~ ~sucte~ * ng`lgtja~rc~ e laáa~bele`~gte~ bg cjetanc` vcq gl oale. Bac`re bc lcoë`nac bc te|gouæîg xtgoerãtac è~rc~ ~gnaebcbe~a`bu~rtaca~ c|c`æcbc~/ g max~ret á csueoe sue ~e te|gorc e èfc |agoe`rcje`re g~ |cogte~e~rcdeoenabg~. @c ~gnaebcbe cjetanc`c/ eoe xgbe ~et belaàbg ngjg $èftg dtc`ng$/ e}crcje`rexgtsue è~~c ~gnaebcbe g~ èftg~ ~îg csueoe ftuxg sue/ xgt ~uc xg~aæîg jctfa`coa{cbc/ ~e |ëgdtafcbg c jc`ret ~ejxte uj crarube be tedeoaîg/ ujc |e{ sue e~rã ng`~rc`reje`re e}xg~rg cgxetafg. La`coje`re/ max~ret e ~sucte ~îg/ c`re~ be jca~ `cbc/ uj $e~rcbg be e~xêtarg$/ ujccrarube be te|gorc gu be ng`lgtja~jg bac`re bg ~rcru~ sug bc~ e`rîg jgbet`c~ ~gnaebcbe~bejgntãranc~. 48

êfu`bg Xeteatc -31=<!/ g~ maxxae~ ej 31<8 etcj xctre bg jg|aje`rg bc ng`rtcnuorutc. Ra`mcj

uj jgbg |abc ngjuàrãtag/ uj e~raog be |abc `òjcbe/ èfc|cj g `cnag`coa~jg e c Fuettc bg

\aer`î/ cdtcæc|cj c~xenrg~ be teoafaõe~ ngjg g duba~jg e g ma`bua~jg. G retjg beta|gu bc

xcoc|tc ej a`foë~ max~ret `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~. Ej < be ~erejdtg be 31<5/ g retjg maxxae lga

uraoa{cbg xeoc xtajeatc |e{/ ej uj kgt`co be ^îg Ltc`na~ng/ ùj ctrafg bg kgt`coa~rc Janmceo

^jarm. G~ maxxae~ bele`bacj g cjgt oa|te e c `îg |agoë`nac.

Ra`mcj ngjg nctcnretê~ranc/ ej ~eu e~raog/ g u~g be ncdeog~ e dctdc~ jca~ ngjxtabg~ bg sue g

ng`~abetcbg $eoefc`re$. @c báncbc be 31<8/ c~ xe~~gc~ sue `îg etcj c~~gnacbc~ cg jg|aje`rg

ng`rtcnuorutco ng`~abetc|cj g~ ncdeog~ ngjxtabg~ ujc gle`~c e |acj g~ maxxae~ ngjg $c`ra*

mafaëàng~$ gu ~uc jgbc be ncdeog~ ngjxtabg~ ngjg $nga~c be juomet$.

48 Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo cne~~g ej;

4='8='4838 ã~ 3<;88 mgtc~



>3

Ngj c xeæc ju~anco Mcat / sue ~cau bg natnuarg nmcjcbg gll*Dtgcbvcq xctc uj ftc`be recrtg bc

Dtgcbvcq ej 31<=/ c ng`rtcnuorutc maxxae kã e~rc|c ~e ba|et~alanc`bg e ~ca`bg bg~ ne`rtg~

utdc`g~ rtcbanag`ca~. G~ Maxxae~ `îg xctctcj be lc{et xtgre~rg~ ng`rtc c Fuettc bg \aer`î/

ftc`be xctre etcj ~gobcbg~ sue |gorctcj bg~ ngjdcre~ e c teoafaîg e g kearg be |a|et ma`bu~

~et|atcj be a`~xatcæîg xctc g~ cbexrg~ bg jg|aje`rg.

Xgt |gorc be 3168/ juarg bg e~raog maxxae ~e rgt`gu xctre bc nuorutc xta`naxco/ xgtáj juarg xgungbc ~uc e~~ë`nac. C ftc`be ajxte`~c xetbeu ~eu a`rete~~e `c ~udnuorutc maxxae ngjg rco/ cxe~ct bejuarg~ maxxae~ retej ng`raùcbg c jc`ret ujc xtglu`bc oafcæîg ngj c je~jc. Ngjg g~ maxxae~re`betcj c e|arct xudoanabcbe cxþ~ c etc bg \etîg bg Cjgt e be Vggb~rgni/ ~utfau uj jargxgxuoct be sue g jg|aje`rg maxxae `îg jca~ e}a~rac. Be lcrg/ eoe ng`raùgu c e}a~rat ejngjuàbcbe~ ju`bg clgtc/ ngjg c`bctaomg~ sue cngjxc`mc|cj ~uc~ dc`bc~ xteletabc~/ gu è~|e{e~ `g~ a`ret~rênag~ bc eng`gjac fogdco. Ca`bc mgke/ juarg~ ~e e`ng`rtcj ej le~ra|ca~ ee`ng`rtg~ xctc neoedtct c |abc e g cjgt/ ngjg `g Xecne Le~r.43

4.> Tgni/ g ma`g bc ng`rtcnuorutc

Juffacra -31=>! cxg`rc sue e`rte g~ xta`naxca~ jg|aje`rg~ e}a~re`re~ `c ng`rtcnuorutc/ e~rã c

ne`c ju~anco bg tgni e ~eu~ ftc`be~ c~rtg~/ ~ajxcra{c`re~ bg jgbg be |abc maxxae . @g~ c`g~

31<8/ e~~e~ ctra~rc~ xtefc|cj xctc ~eu xûdoang c laog~glac be xc{ e cjgt. G jgbg be ~e |e~rat

rcjdáj etc ujc jctnc bg jg|aje`rg. Ncdeog ftc`be/ tguxc~ dej ngogtabc~/ kearg be~xgkcbg e

ng`~rc`re u~g be btgfc~ etcj c jctnc bc ‟Etc be Csuctau~‚. G tgni `c báncbc be 31<8 re|e uj

xcxeo e~~e`naco xctc sue g jg|aje`rg maxxae nte~ne~~e e jctnc~~e ujc áxgnc. Vggb~rgni /

le~ra|co sue butgu rtë~ bac~ ngj ftc`be~ `gje~ bg tgni/ ej 31<1/ lga uj jctng ma~rþtang/ g ãxane

bc ng`rtcnuorutc -Juffacra/ 31=>!.

43 Nl. mrrx;''vvv.~xaèt.ngj.dt'jgbuoe~.xmx7`cje:@ev~,laoe:ctranoe,~ab:34<4/ cne~~g ej; 4='8='4838/ è~ 3<;88

mgtc~.



>4

G tgni ~e rgt`gu uj ftc`be êngè `g jg|aje`rg/ jeag xta|aoefacbg be e}xte~~îg ng`rtcnuorutco

`c báncbc be 31<8. Fe`re ngjg Kaja Me`bta} e Kaj Jgtta~g` etcj suc~e beu~e~ xctc g~ kg|e`~

bc áxgnc. G~ ctra~rc~ bc báncbc be 31<8 u~c|cj c ~uc jû~anc xctc xtgre~rct/ xta`naxcoje`re

ng`rtc c fuettc bg \aer`î/ e e~xcomct c laog~glac be ‟xc{ e cjgt‚ xeog ju`bg/ ourc`bg ng`rtc c

nuorutc |afe`re e ~uc~ bge`æc~; c~ teftc~ e ne`~utc sue c ~gnaebcbe ajxu`mc.

4.2 Vggb~rgni

êfu`bg Lgt`crcoe -4881!/ Vggb~rgni lga uj le~ra|co be jû~anc tecoa{cbg ùjc lc{e`bc be 428

menrcte~ be Jc} Qc~fut/ ej Vmare Ocie/ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ `g~ bac~ 35/ 3< e 36 be cfg~rg be 31<1.

Teuàu jca~ be 588 jao xe~~gc~/ jctnc`bg c etc bc ng`rtcnuorutc e bc~ jcàle~rcæõe~ ng`rtc c

fuettc bg \aer`î. @g bac 35 be cfg~rg ~uc~ crtcæõe~ lgtcj Tanmae Mc|e`~/ ^vcja ^crnmabc`c`bc/

^veervcret/ Rme A`ntebadoe ^rta`f Dc`b/ Detr ^gjjet/ Raj Mctba`/ Tc|a ^mcìct/ Jeocàe/ Ctog

Furmtae/ Kgc` Dce{. @g bac 3< be cfg~rg Suaoo/ Ieel Mctroeq Dc`b/ Ngu`rtq Kge JnBg`cob/ Kgm`

êdc~rac`/ ^c`rc`c/ Nc`èb Mecr/ Jgu`rca`/ Ftcreluo Becb/ Nteebe`ne Noectvcret Te|a|co/ Kcà~

Kgxoa` ngj c Rme Ig{jan Doue~ Dc`b/ ôq , rme Lcjaoq ^rgè/ Rme Vmg/ Kellet~g` Catxocè e `g

bac 36 be cfg~rg Rme Ftec~e Dc`b. Kge Ngniet/ Ngu`rtq Kge c`b rme La~m / Re` Qect~ Clret/ Rme

Dc`b/ Doggb/ ^vecr , Rect~/ Kgm``q Va`ret e ~eu atjîg/ Ebfct Va`ret/ Ntg~dq/ ^raoo~/ @c~m ,

Qgu`f/ Xcuo Durretlaeob Doue~ Dc`b/ ^mc*@c*@c/ Kaja Me`bta}.



>>

êfu`bg g ~are E~ngocbgtgni 44

g Vggb~rgni nu~rgu jca~ sue "4.2 jaomõe~ e lga xcrtgna`cbg xgt

sucrtg mgje`~ juarg balete`re~ e juarg kg|e`~; Kgm` Tgdetr~/ Kgeo Tg~e`jc`/ Ctrae Igt`leob e

Janmceo Oc`f.

G jca~ |eomg bg~ sucrtg ra`mc 4< c`g~. Kgm` Tgdetr~ e`rtgu ngj g ba`meatg. Etc g metbeatg bclgtru`c be ujc lctjãnac e be ujc lãdtanc be xc~rc be be`re~. Eoe ra`mc uj ncxarcojuorajaoag`ãtag/ etc ftcbucbg `c Uà|et~abcbe be Xe``~qo|càc e reè`re bg E}átnarg. Eoe ra`mc|a~rg cxe`c~ uj ~mgv be Tgni/ bg~ Decnm Dgq~.

Kgeo Tg~e`jc`/ cjafg oafeatcje`re maxxae be Tgdetr/ e laomg be uj xtgejaè`re gtrgbg`ra~rc be

Og`f A~oc`b ra`mcj ~e lgtjcbg mã xgung `c Lcnuobcbe be Batearg be Qcoe. Ej 31<6/ g dafgbubgTg~e`jc`/ be 42 c`g~/ e~rc|c rgnc`bg fuarcttc ùj ng`ku`rg sue rgnc|c ej jgráa~ be Og`fA~oc`b c Oc~ \efc~.

Tgdetr~ e Tg~e`jc` ~e e`ng`rtctcj ej uj ncjxg be fgole `g gurg`g be 31<<. Xgt |gorc bga`|et`g be 31<6/ eoe~ ba|abacj uj cxctrcje`rg e e~rc|cj re`rc`bg be~ngdtat g sue eoe~ be|acjlc{et ngj c~ ~uc~ |abc~. Eoe~ ra|etcj ujc abáac; ntact ujc ngjábac jcounc xctc c reoe|a~îg/ngjg ujc |et~îg jc~nuoa`c be A Og|e Ounq.

Xctc cbsuatat abáac~ be e`tebg~ xctc ~uc ngjábac/ Tgdetr~ e Tg~e`jc` xu~etcj uj c`û`nag `gVcoo ^rteer Kgut`co e `g @ev Qgti Raje~ ej jctæg be 31<=; ‟Mgje`~ kg|e`~ ngj ncxarcoaoajarcbg xtgnutc`bg gxgtruàbcbe~ be a`|e~raje`rg a`rete~~c`re~ e oefêrajc~ e xtgxg~rc~ beèfþnag‚.Eoe~ tenedetcj jaomcte~ be te~xg~rc~ a`noua`bg ujc be dgoc~ be fgole dagbeftcbã|ea~.

Uj gurtg xctenac e~rtc`mg g dc~rc`re xctc lu`nag`ct ngjg ujc teco c|e`rutc ejxte~ctaco; ~ia*dgd~/ dananoerc~ ej e~sua~ sue etcj ujc jgbc xc~~cfeatc `c Eutgxc. Tgdetr~ e Tg~e`jc`xe~sua~ctcj c aáac c`re~ be cdc`bg`ã*oc. @g xtgne~~g/ g~ bga~ xc~~ctcj be xtg|ã|ea~ e~ntargte~be reoe|a~îg c cxte`ba{e~ be c|e`ruteatg~ ncxarcoa~rc~.

Be cofujc jcèatc/ `þ~ `g~ rgt`cjg~ g~ xet~g`cfe`~ ej `g~~g xtþxtag e~xerãnuog „ ba~~eTg~e`jc`.

Ctrae Igt`leob/ 45 c`g~/ u~c|c uj ret`g/ jc~ c~ ocxeoc~ etcj uj xgung octfc~ bejca~/ e gncdeog ncêc ~gdte ~uc~ gteomc~. Eoe etc uj |ane*xte~abe`re bc Ncxargo Tengtb~. Eoe lujc|cmc}a}e `g e~ntarþtag e etc c ngè}îg bc ngjxc`mac ngj g~ tgsueatg~ sue e~rc|cj ngjeæc`bg c|e`bet jaomõe~ be ba~ng~. Igt`leob ra`mc e~ntarg rco|e{ >8 ~a`foe~ be ~une~~g/ e`rte eoe~ BecbJc`‑~ Nut|e/ ftc|cbc xgt Kc` e Bec`. Eoe rcjdáj e~nte|eu nc`æõe~ e xtgbu{au c jû~anc xctc g

Ngv~aoo~.Janmceo Oc`f `îg u~c|c ~cxcrg~ juarg ltesÿe`reje`re. Cjafg~ g be~nte|acj ngjg ujeoeje`rco nþ~jang/ ngj ujc ncdeæc nmeac be ncdeog xterg e`nctcngocbg sue ~corc|c ej ~eu~gjdtg~. Cg~ 4> c`g~/ eoe xg~~uêc g sue xgbe ret ~abg c xtajeatc jcrta{ be ujc ogkc `g e~rcbg bcLoþtabc. Ej 31<=/ Oc`f ra`mc xtgbu{abg uj bg~ jcagte~ ~mgv~ be tgni/ g Jacja Xgx Le~ra|cosue butgu bga~ bac~ e ng`rgu ngj 28.888 xe~~gc~. Cg~ 42 c`g~/ Oc`f etc g xtgburgt be ujftuxg be tgni nmcjcbg Rtca` g suco eoe suetac sue c~~a`c~~e uj ng`rtcrg be ftc|cæîg. Eoertgu}e ~uc xtgxg~rc c Igt`leob `c Ncxargo Tengtb~ `g laj be be{ejdtg be 31<=.

44 Nl. mrrx;''e~ngocbgtgni.vgtbxte~~.ngj'4886'38'84'rgbc*ma~rgtac*be*vggb~rgni*<1' /cne~~g ej; 4='8='4838/ è~

3<;88 mgtc~.



>2

Oc`f ~cdac sue Igt`leob ra`mc nte~nabg ej De`~g`mut~r/ Suee`~/ ngjg eoe xtþxtag. Oc`f

ng`~efuau ujc e`rte|a~rc ba{e`bg è tenexnagà~rc bc ftc|cbgtc sue eoe etc ‟bc |a{a`mc`æc‚. G~bga~ ~e betcj dej ajebacrcje`re. Xgung rejxg bexga~ sue eoe~ ~e e`ng`rtctcj/ Oc`f jubgu*~e xctc c nc~c be Igt`leob e ~uc e~xg~c/ Oa`bc. G~ rtë~ dcracj xcxg crá corc~ mgtc~ bc `gare/~gdte rgbg~ g~ c~~u`rg~/ jg|abg~ c cofu`~ dc~ecbg~/ `g ~eu cxctrcje`rg ej @g|c Agtsue.

Ujc be ~uc~ abáac~ etc ujc e~xánae be e}xg~aæîg*~mgv*be*tgni*ogunutc*nuorutco. Ujc gurtc etcbe uj e~rûbag be ftc|cæîg/ c ~et ngogncbg `g jeag be uj dg~sue c jca~ be 388 jaomc~ beJc`mcrrc` ej ujc nabcbe nmcjcbc Vggb~rgni. C ogncoa{cæîg teloeratac g e~xêtarg ng`rtcnuorutcobg ‟be |gorc c rettc‚/ rgbg~ cdc`bg`c`bg c |abc jcounc bc nabcbe xctc xa~ctej be~ncoæg~ `cftcjc. Coáj ba~~g/ g Ng`bcbg be Uo~ret -g`be lanc|c Vggb~rgni!/ ra`mc ~abg ujc jennc bectra~rc~ xgt uj ~ánuog. Xgt |gorc bg laj bg~ c`g~ <8/ jû~ang~ ngjg Dgd Bqoc`/ Rme Dc`b/ RajMctba`/ \c` Jgtta~g`/ Kaja Me`bta} e Kcà~ Kgxoa` e~rc|cj jubc`bg*~e xctc c ãtec e suetacjuj e~rûbag bg~ jca~ c|c`æcbg~.4>

Oc`f e Igt`leob du~nc|cj oe|c`rct ncxarco xctc xgbet tecoa{ct g le~ra|co e xctc ng`~efuat

ng`~rtuat g e~rûbag be ftc|cæîg. Eoe~ `îg |atcj g c`û`nag sue Tgdetr~ e Tg~ejc` ngognctcj `g

kgt`co/ jc~ g~ sucrtg ~e e`ng`rtctcj ej le|eteatg be 31<1/ lgtjc`bg ujc ~gnaebcbe e ~e

rgt`c`bg g~ gtfcà{cbgte~ bg Vggb~rgni.

4.5 Ng`rtcnuorutc `g Dtc~ao

@g Dtc~ao/ balete`re~ e~raog~ ju~anca~ ngjeæctcj c cxctenet kã `g xetêgbg bc barcbutc jaoarct.

Cofu`~ be~~e~ e~raog~ du~nc|cj |cogta{ct ~g`~ jca~ xgxuocte~ ngjg g ~cjdc/ lte|g e nmgtg.

Ctra~rc~ ngjg Ncerc`g \eog~g e Faodetrg Fao/ ngjeæctcj c ~et a`loue`nacbg~ xeoc ng`rêùc

e|gouæîg bc jû~anc dtc~aoeatc/ a`ngtxgtc`bg fuarcttc~ ej ~uc~ nc`æõe~/ c~~ajaoc`bg be ujc lgtjc

4> Nl. mrrx;''e~ngocbgtgni.vgtbxte~~.ngj'4886'38'84'rgbc*ma~rgtac*be*vggb~rgni*<1' /cne~~g ej; 4='8='4838/ è~

3<;88 mgtc~.



>5

e}xoênarc ujc `g|c abe`rabcbe sue lga fetcbc `g natnuarg a`ret`cnag`co bc ng`rtcnuorutc `c báncbc

be 31<8.

G Rtgxancoa~jg `g Dtc~ao lga uj jg|aje`rg sue cbetau è ng`rtcnuorutc. Cofu`~ bg~ ~eu~

texte~e`rc`re~/ je~jg be ujc lgtjc `îg rîg cdetrc/ bele`bacj c~ abáac~ ng`rtcnuorutca~.

êfu`bg @cxgoarc`g e \aoocæc -311=!/ g rtgxancoa~jg lga uj jg|aje`rg ju~anco sue ~utfau `gDtc~ao `g la`co bc báncbc be 31<8/ re`bg ngjg xta`naxca~ texte~e`rc`re~ nc`rgte~ ngjg Ncerc`g

\eog~g/ Faodetrg Fao/ G~ Jurc`re~/ Fco Ng~rc/ Jctac Dermäàc/ Rgj [á/ e`rte gurtg~ `gje~. G

Rtgxancoa~jg gu Rtgxanãoac ngjg rcjdáj etc nmcjcbg/ gtc ~e cxte~e`rc|c ngjg c lcne dtc~aoeatc

bc ng`rtcnuorutc/ gtc cxte~e`rcbg ngjg g xg`rg be ng`|etfë`nac bc~ |c`fuctbc~ ctrê~ranc~ jca~

tcbanca~. G curgt ca`bc |ca ba{et sue g jg|aje`rg ~e ng`~goabgu `g jeag ju~anco `g ngjeæg be

31<=/ crtc|á~ bc~ xtgxg~rc~ ng`~abetcbc~ a`g|cbgtc~ be Faodetrg Fao e Ncerc`g \eog~g.

Buc~ oertc~ be jû~anc~ sue jctnctcj c ng`rtcnuorutc lgtcj Coeftac/ Coeftac/ ngjxg~rc ej 31<6

xgt Ncerc`g \eog~g/ e c Dcocbc bg Ogung/ ngjxg~rc ej 3164 xgt Tarc Oee e Ct`cobg Dcxra~rc/

sue `c áxgnc lc{acj xctre bg ftuxg Jurc`re~.

C`re~ be jca~ `cbc/ ncde be~rcnct sue/ ej retjg~ ju~anca~/ g Le~ra|co A`ret`cnag`co bc Nc`æîg/tecoa{cbg ej ^îg Xcuog/ ej 31<=/ lga e~~e`naco. Tecoa{cbg be`rtg be uj ng`re}rg be texte~~îg ebe ne`~utc xtá|ac oe|cbc c ncdg xeog tefaje jaoarct/ g e|e`rg jctngu uj jgje`rg be ftc`bebedcre nuorutco e xgoêrang cnetnc bc ~arucæîg dtc~aoeatc. E lga èoe sue attgjxetcj c~ fuarcttc~ bcdc`bc be Tarc Oee/ Ct`cobg Dcxra~rc e ^átfag Dcxra~rc/ sue cngjxc`mctcj g noã~~ang bgngjxg~argt dcac`g; Á xtgadabg xtgadat. Coaã~/ lga è~re le~ra|co sue Ncerc`g lga |cacbg. Cgnc`rct be lgtjc be~cla`cbc e lc{et teletë`nac~ è te|gorc bc ku|e`rube ltc`ne~c `c oertc be~rcnc`æîg/ c te~xg~rc bg xûdoang ku|eào lga e}rtejcje`re mg~rao. Attarcbg ngj c ~arucæîg/ Ncerc`g



><

~gorgu ~uc náoedte ltc~e; ‟ê |gnë~ ej xgoêranc lgtej ngjg ej e~ráranc/ e~rcjg~ learg~‚. Ca`bcxgbejg~ be~rcnct g~ le~ra|ca~ be 31<< c 31<= ngjg ~êjdgog~ be gxg~aæîg è barcbutc dtc~aoeatc.42

êfu`bg Ncxeoocta -4886!/ `g Dtc~ao/ c~~aj ngjg `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ detæg bg jg|aje`rg

ng`rtcnuorutco/ c ène~~abcbe bc jurcæîg x~angoþfanc e bc x~angbeoac xte~e`re~ `c nuorutc maxxae e

cbesucbc~ è~ xe~~gc~ bg jg|aje`rg bc ng`rtcnuorutc/ rcjdáj ~e cne`rugu. Cbexrg~ bc

ng`rtcnuorutc dtc~aoeatc uraoa{c|cj*~e rcjdáj bc~ btgfc~ xctc lufat bc tecoabcbe ng`~et|cbgtc e

xctc c e}xc`~îg bc je`re/ ngjg coefc|cj g~ maxxae~.

@g|g~ natnuarg~/ ngjxg~rg~ xgt te~rcutc`re~ jcntgdaþrang~ e |eferctac`g~/ oa|tctac~ e~grátanc~/ne`rtg~ be retcxac~ a`ba|abuca~ e ftuxca~/ rejxog~ be xtãranc be agfc e {e`/ xgt e}ejxog/ ~ee~rcdeoenacj ej ftc`be~ ne`rtg~ utdc`g~/ ngjg ^îg Xcuog/ Tag be Kcèatg e Xgtrg Coefte/ coájbe dtenmþ~ e ogkc~ be ure`~êoag~ a`bac`g~ e bc xtþxtac xtgbuæîg ebargtaco be te|a~rc~e~xenacoa{cbc~/ ngjg c Xocèrc. Rc`rg `g~ ne`rtg~ utdc`g~ ngjg lgtc beoe~/ lgtjc|cj*~engjuàbcbe~ coret`cra|c~/ ngjxg~rc~ xgt maxxae~/ ~ajxcra{c`re~ bg cjgt oa|te/ bg x~angbeoa~jge be gurtc~ |acfe`~ e~xataruca~/ jc~ rcjdáj xgt a`ba|êbug~ sue/ ~ej jetfuomct c lu`bg `cng`rtcnuorutc/ gxrctcj xgt uj e~raog be |abc ng`rtãtag cg vcq gl oale bg ng`~ujg.-NCXEOOCTA/ 4886/ x.52!

Ncxeoocta -4886!/ clatjc ca`bc sue crtc|á~ bc ng`rtcnuorutc `c báncbc be 31=8/ ~utfej `g Dtc~ao

xtegnuxcæõe~ ngj tea|a`bancæõe~ ng`~abetcbc~ oefêrajc~ ~gdte g jeag cjdae`re/ ~gdte c~

juomete~ e ~gdte mgjg~~e}ucoabcbe. Ngj c ng`rtcnuorutc dtc~aoeatc lgtcj a`rtgbu{abc~ a`g|cæõe~

e~ráranc~/ jubc`æc~ ngjxgtrcje`rca~/ coáj be xtegnuxcæõe~ e~xataruca~ e ~gnaca~ sue c`re~ etcj

ng`la`cbc~ cg uà|et~g e~grátang.

42 Nl. mrrx;''vvv.ctrafg`co.ngj'ju~anc*ctrafg~'g~*teloe}g~*bc*ng`rtcnuorutc* g*dtc~ao*bedcre~*~gdte*xtgbuncg*

ju~anco*31<6*3164*=1<422.mrjo / cne~~g ej; 4='8='4838/ è~ 3<;88 mgtc~



>6

>. VGGB^RGNI Á @GRÊNAC

>.3 Eoeje`rg~ be c`ãoa~e

C c`ãoa~e xtgxõe g e~rubg bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e bg ng`nearg be ng`rtcnuorutc ej buc~ áxgnc~

balete`re~/ 31<1 e 4881/ re`bg ngjg lgng buc~ jcrátac~ ~gdte g Vggb~rgni xudoancbc~ `c~

te|a~rc~ \ekc e Áxgnc/ te~xenra|cje`re. Be~~e jgbg/ ra|ejg~ uj a`bancra|g bc~ jubc`æc~ bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e bg rtcrcje`rg be uj rejc rîg ejdoejãrang bc ng`rtcnuorutc `c~ te|a~rc~.

G~ eoeje`rg~ gd~et|cbg~ xctc c c`ãoa~e lgtcj c~ ng`nexæõe~ be kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ~udkcne`re~ è~

xudoancæõe~ bc~ buc~ áxgnc~/ g fëètg bc~ jcrátac~/ g e~xcæg bebancbg è xudoancæîg bc~ jcrátac~

xeoc~ te|a~rc~/ c~ lgrg~ e ~uc~ oefe`bc~. E~~e~ eoeje`rg~ ~et|atcj xctc xe`~ct rcjdáj ~gdte g~

~afàlancbg~ be uj e|e`rg ng`rtcnuorutco ej ~uc gtafej e `c ~uc teebaæîg 28 c`g~ bexga~.

C ng`nexæîg be kgt`coa~jg nuorutco lga gd~et|cbc xctc |etalanct c gngttë`nac bc~ jubc`æc~

cxg`rcbc~ xeog~ curgte~ uraoa{cbg~ `c xtajeatc xctre be~~c jg`gftclac.

G fëètg bc jcrátac lga e`lcra{cbg/ kã sue ~efu`bg Xa{c -4882!/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco cxte~e`rc

|ãtag~ fëètg~/ ngjg c ntêranc/ c jcrátac a`lgtjcra|c e `granag~c/ e`~cag/ ntòànc~ e c~ cfe`bc~/

xtegnuxcbc~ ngj g jctiera`f bg oa|tg/ laoje gu e|e`rg cg suco ~e telete.

G ng`nearg bc ng`rtcnuorutc lga rtcdcomcbg xgt e~rct e~~e`nacoje`re c~~gnacbg cg Vggb~rgni. Xeoc

c`ãoa~e bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e ~uc e|gouæîg/ c~ jubc`æc~ gngttabc~ `c abeac be ng`rcnuorutc



>=

rcjdáj xubetcj ~et gd~et|cbc~; ej 31<1 g jcagt e|e`rg texte~e`rc`bg c ng`rtcnuorutc/ g

Vggb~rgni/ lga cxte~e`rcbg ngjg g cufe bg jg|aje`rg/ ej jeag è suedtc be xcbtõe~ be

ngjxgtrcje`rg e ne`~utc~/ e 4881/ suc`bg g e|e`rg ngjxoerc|c 28 c`g~/ ~afàlanc`bg juarg jca~

uj e|e`rg ngjetnaco*ju~anco bg sue xtgxtacje`re ng`rtcnuorutco.

G e~xcæg uraoa{cbg `c~ jcrátac~ rcjdáj lga ng`~abetcbg/ be jgbg c gd~et|ct c ajxgträ`nac

kgt`coê~ranc bcbc c uj e|e`rg be ftc`be~ baje`~õe~/ rc`rg ej ~uc xtajeatc ebaæîg suc`rg 28 c`g~bexga~.

Suc`rg è~ lgrg~/ g e~xcæg sue gnuxcj/ ~uc suc`rabcbe/ ~îg be ftc`be teoe|ä`nac/ kã sue ~îg c

xctre aou~rtcra|c bc jcrátac/ ~e`bg u~cbc rc`rg xctc jg~rtct c~xenrg~ èfcra|g~/ suc`rg xg~ara|g~/

c~~aj ngjg ~uc~ oefe`bc~.

>.4 Dte|e ma~rþtang bc~ te|a~rc~

C Te|a~rc \ekc ~utfau `g c`g be 31<=/ xudoancbc ~ejc`coje`re xeoc ebargtc Cdtao. C te|a~rc rtcrc

be rejc~ teocnag`cbg~ cg Dtc~ao e cg ju`bg/ re`bg ngjg ebargtac~ eng`gjac/ ngjxgtrcje`rg/

nuorutc/ ren`gogfac/ engogfac e teoafaîg. Xg~~ua ~eæõe~ la}c~ be naèjc/ jû~anc e oaretcrutc/ e`rte

gurtc~ |ctaebcbe~.

C Te|a~rc Áxgnc lga ntacbc `g c`g be 316</ rcjdáj xudoancbc ~ejc`coje`re xeoc ebargtc Rtë~.

Rtcrc be c~~u`rg~ bg Dtc~ao e bg ju`bg/ re`bg ngjg ebargtac~ xgoêranc/ eng`gjac/ e`rte gurtc~.



>1

>.> Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco/ ng`rtcnuorutc e g Vggb~rgni

Ngjg narcbg `g xtajeatg ncxêruog xgt Xa{c -4882!/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco butc`re g~ c`g~ sue ~e

xc~~ctcj/ ~glteu jubc`æc~ ej ~uc jcèatc be `granact. C`coa~c`bg c~ jcrátac~ telete`re cg

Vggb~rgni xgbejg~ xetnedet e~~c balete`æc.

C te|a~rc \ekc `g c`g be 31<1/ `c ebaæîg be `ûjetg 5>/ bebanc cxe`c~ ujc xãfa`c xctc lcoct~gdte g e|e`rg sue ~etac ujc jcrátac ‟sue`re‚/ be|abg cg lcrg be sue `csueoe c`g lga uj

cng`renaje`rg be ftc`be jctng. C jcrátac/ xctre bg fëètg ntêranc/ a`banc uj kgt`coa~jg be

nctãret ntêrang e ng`~et|cbgt. G ng`~et|cbgta~jg `c jcrátac xtg|c|eoje`re e~rã oafcbg cg lcrg be

~e rtcrct be uj c`g be ne`~utc/ kã sue g Vggb~rgni lga uj e|e`rg be rtë~ bac~ texte~e`rc`bg g

jg|aje`rg maxxae/ tefcbg c btgfc~/ tgni/ dedabc~ e ~e}g. Xctc cofu`~ lga uj cng`renaje`rg

texte~e`rcra|g/ xctc gurtg~/ csueoe~ kg|e`~ etcj cxe`c~ uj ftuxg be dcbetèatg~ sue ~e ku`rctcj

xctc lc{et nga~c~ aoênarc~.

Xgbejg~ abe`ralanct c ntêranc e c jcèatc ng`~et|cbgtc be ~e `granact `g a`ênag bc jcrátac.

‟Na`sue`rc jao cojgæctcj nafcttg~ be jcng`mc/ kc`rctcj nãx~uoc~ be O^B. Rta`rc lgtcj

mg~xarcoa{cbg~ xeog e}ne~~g be btgfc~ e bg{e lgtcj xte~g~ xgt |e`bë*oc~ cdetrcje`re. Uj nc~co/jca~ be~aàdabg/ beargu*~e ùj e~rtcbg xoã~rang e ~e e`rtefgu cg cjgt/ ~gd cxocu~g~ lte`árang~bg~ jca~ rêjabg~.‚ -Te|a~rc \ekc/ 31<1 x.5=!

C xte~e`æc bc `cttcra|c ej ~eu~ jêàjg~ bercome~ á `grã|eo. G~ c~xenrg~ èfcra|g~/ bg xg`rg be

|a~rc bc ‟|a~îg glanaco‚ ~îg te~~corcbg~. G sue suetac ~et xc~~cbg xctc g xûdoang etc c abeac be sue



28

ujc ‟dcbet`c‚ cng`renac `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~. G rêruog bc jcrátac ‟Gm/ uj oa`bg le`òje`g#‚ á

u~cbg be lgtjc atòànc xctc rtcrct bg Vggb~rgni/ rco ngjg `g ~efua`re rtenmg;

‟Y...Z Jc~ rgbg~ lanctcj e~xenacoje`re leoa{e~. Xta`naxcoje`re rte{e`rg~ |e`bebgte~ be O^Blcdtancbg `c ~uc~ xtþxtac~ nc~c~.‚ -Te|a~rc \ekc/ 31<1/ x.5>!

Ngjg ku~ralanc Xa{c -4882!/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco rcjdáj rej e~xcæg xctc c jcrátac `granag~c/ kã

sue `c ãtec nuorutco rcjdáj cng`renej e|e`rg~ be ftc`be ajxgträ`nac xctc g Dtc~ao e xctc g

ju`bg/ ngjg g Vggb~rgni sue jctngu ujc áxgnc.

Xa{c -4882! rcjdáj a`lgtjc/ ngjg kã mc|ac ~abg cdgtbcbg `g ncxêruog 3/ sue ngjg ej sucosuet

gurtc jgbcoabcbe be kgt`coa~jg `granag~g/ g kgt`coa~rc rej sue ret g bgjêàg bg c~~u`rg e

ntacra|abcbe `c cdgtbcfej/ xet~a~rë`nac `c cxutcæîg e ajxctnacoabcbe `g teocrg. @îg be|e

e}xoanarct rgrcoje`re gxaàîg. êu gdkerg ne`rtco á oe|ct ujc a`lgtjcæîg cg oeargt. @c jcrátac c

gxaàîg bg kgt`coa~rc á noctc/ kã sue cxe`c~ g~ c~xenrg~ èfcra|g~ bc jcrátac lgtcj tertcrcbg~.

G le~ra|co be Vafmr `c A`focrettc/ sue cng`reneu ~ejc`c~ bexga~ e `îg re|e g je~jg ~une~~g be

Vggb~rgni/ á narcbg `c jcrátac lc{e`bg ujc ngjxctcæîg e`rte g~ bga~ e|e`rg~/ ngjg lgtjc be

jg~rtct sue è~~e raxg be ~mgv g u~g be btgfc cxctene be lgtjc e}ne~~a|c.

Ca`bc `c jcrátac bc te|a~rc \ekc/ xgbejg~ abe`ralanct ngjg á rtcdcomcbc c abeac ~gdte g

jg|aje`rg maxxae. Ngjg kã narcbg `g ncxêruog c`retagt xgt Xeteatc -31=<!/ g jg|aje`rg `c

báncbc be 31<8 etc |a~rg ngj xteng`nearg/ xgt eoe~ u~ctej ncdeog ftc`be/ `îg ~etej cxefcbg~ c



23

de`~ jcrátac~/ u~ctej btgfc~ be lgtjc oa|te e xtgxcfctej c laog~glac be xc{ e cjgt/ ùjc

~gnaebcbe suc~e `òjcbe.

@c jcrátac g~ maxxae~ ~îg rtcrcbg~ ngjg ‟dcbetèatg~‚ sue fg~rc|cj be lc{et ~e}g cg ct oa|te e

u~ct btgfc~ oa|teje`re.

‟Y...Z Jca~ ca`bc; ej Vmare Ocie à`fuáj xe`~gu sue g crg ~e}uco ej xûdoang xgbetac rtc{et

xcojc~. @g e`rc`rg/ bga~ jeà`g~ `c~netcj butc`re c le~rc/ e`suc`rg sucrtg jîe~ cdgtrc|cj/xgt `îg te~a~ratej è~ ng`~esÿë`nac~ bg e}ne~~g be jctakuc`c.‚ -Te|a~rc \ekc/ 31<1/ x.5=!

C te|a~rc `îg suetac xc~~ct xctc g xûdoang ujc ajcfej xg~ara|c bg jg|aje`rg e juarg je`g~ bg

e|e`rg. Lgtcj ngoercbg~ g~ xagte~ c~xenrg~ e g re}rg lga rtc`~lgtjcbg ej ujc ntêranc/ sue ~e

rgt`c gxa`cra|c juarc~ |e{e~. Ej è`muj jgje`rg á tertcrcbg c laog~glac bg jg|aje`rg/ suca~ g~

jgra|g~ bg le~ra|co/ g lcrg be `îg ret cxte~e`rcbg è`mujc dtafc butc`re rtë~ bac~ gu g teocrg be

ngjg g cng`renaje`rg re|e uj ~afàlancbg ajxgtrc`re xctc ujc fetcæîg.

Xctc g~ sue e~rc|cj `g e|e`rg/ csueoe lga uj jgje`rg be oadetrcæîg ej sue xe~~gc~ sue

fg~rc|cj bg je~jg e~raog be jû~anc nc`rc|cj ku`rc~/ ~e ~goabcta{c|cj be cngtbg ngj c~

ène~~abcbe~ bg gurtg/ xtgre~rg~ ng`rtc ne`~utc e c fuettc bg \aer`î sue cng`renac `c áxgnc/ g

tgni e ~eu~ ctra~rc~ ~e rgt`c`bg c |g{ be ujc fetcæîg cbexrc cg jg|aje`rg ng`rtcnuorutco/ sue

~e`rac c ène~~abcbe be nutct ujc ~gnaebcbe sue xctc eoe~ etc bge`re ngj ~uc~ teftc~ e

ajxg~aæõe~.



24

E e~~e ~afàlancbg bg jg|aje`rg e bc laog~glac e}a~re`re~ `g jg|aje`rg ej è`muj jgje`rg á

cxg`rcbg `c jcrátac. Ngjg clatjc Xeteatc -31=<! `g ncxêruog 4/ c ng`rtcnuorutc lga jca~ bg sue

uj jg|aje`rg be tedeobac.

G ng`nearg be ng`rtcnuorutc rtcdcomcbg `c jcrátac á tertcrcbg be lgtjc esua|gncbc. Xctc g oeargt

sue `îg ng`mene e sue gu|e lcoct bg c~~u`rg xeoc xtajeatc |e{/ e~~c jcàle~rcæîg á jg~rtcbc

ngjg uj ng`ku`rg be kg|e`~ btgfcbg~/ sue suetej cxe`c~ |a|et c |abc ~ej ne`~utc~. Be lgtjcajxoênarc/ xgbejg~ crá xetnedet xteng`nearg ngj teocæîg cg jg|aje`rg e cg e|e`rg Vggb~rgni.

@e~~e c`g/ ngjg narcbg `g~ xctãftclg~ cnajc/ rgbc e~~c lgtjc ng`~et|cbgtc/ ntêranc e juarc~

|e{e~ xteng`nearug~c/ ~e be|e rcjdáj cg lcrg be ujc áxgnc be ne`~utc. E uj bg~ gdkera|g~ bg

Vggb~rgni etc ~e ng`rtcxgt cg ng`~et|cbgta~jg e}a~re`re `c báncbc be 31<8.

Cg c`coa~ct c lgrg -|et xãf rco 53 !/ xga~ c jcrátac cxte~e`rc cxe`c~ ujc/ e ~uc oefe`bc/ xgbejg~

xetnedet sue g ~afàlancbg bg Vggb~rgni lga e`re`babg be lgtjc ngtterc. ‟@c aomc be Vafmr/ ujc

`g|c nuorutc‚ á c oefe`bc bc lgrg/ g`be cxctene uj ftuxg be maxxae~/ ta`bg e bc`æc`bg. C oefe`bc

jg~rtc c ejetfë`nac be uj `g|g jgbg be |abc/ g `c~naje`rg be ujc `g|c nuorutc.

G jg|aje`rg ng`rtcnuorutco a`loue`nagu c oaretcrutc/ c jû~anc/ c ctre/ `îg cxe`c~ `g ju`bg/ jc~

rcjdáj `g Dtc~ao/ kã sue `g je~jg c`g 31<1 ctra~rc~ dtc~aoeatg~ ngjg Ncerc`g \eog~g e Faodetrg

Fao/ crtc|á~ bc rtgxanãoac rtgu}etcj g jg|aje`rg ngj ~uc~ oertc~ ajxcnrc`re~ xctc c jû~anc

dtc~aoeatc. C jcrátac af`gtc rco ajxgträ`nac bg Vggb~rgni xctc g Dtc~ao e xctc c ~gnaebcbe ej

fetco e ~uc~ ng`rtaduaæõe~/ a`~a~ra`bg c atgàc.



2>

‟Y...Z G ju`bg xtena~c e`re`bet sue c etc bc~ btgfc~ nmefgu. Gm/ a~~g á uj oa`bg le`òje`g#‚-Te|a~rc \ ekc/ 31<1/ x.5=!

C narcæîg cnajc á uj rtenmg teratcbg bc jcrátac/ sue jg~rtc sue c xtegnuxcæîg bc te|a~rc ~e

oajarc|c c be~rcnct g e|e`rg ngjg uj e~xcæg xctc g u~g be btgfc~ e xctc c oadetbcbe e}ne~~a|c.

Kã `c te|a~rc A~rgá `ûjetg 4868 be 4881/ 28 c`g~ bexga~/ xetnede*~e c balete`æc `g kgt`coa~jg

nuorutco e `c xetnexæîg bc ng`rtcnuorutc. Ej 31<1/ g fë`etg bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ejxtefcbg `c

jcrátac lga c ntêranc9 ej 4881/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco |gorc*~e xctc c cfe`bc cg rtcrct bc teebaæîg

bg Vggb~rgni.

Ng`lgtje e}xg~rg `g xtajeatg ncxêruog be~rc jg`gftclac/ butc`re g~ c`g~ sue ~e xc~~ctcj g

kgt`coa~jg nuorutco lga xc~~c`bg xgt jubc`æc~/ ~e rgt`c`bg ujc cra|abcbe ‟xudoanarãtac‚/ g sue

gnc~ag`gu ujc nta~e bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco/ ngjg clatjc Xa{c -4882!.

Xetnedejg~ g~ eoeje`rg~ be cfe`bc kã `g dafgbe bc jcrátac bc A~rgÁ/ ‟g le~ra|co sue jctngu c

fetcæîg xc{ e cjgt lc{ 28 c`g~ e |gorc è ne`c ngj g oc`æcje`rg be oa|tg~/ laoje~/ ba~ng~ e

B\B~‚. C jcrátac jg~rtc/ a`batercje`re/ c rtc`~lgtjcæîg be Vggb~rgni `uj xtgburg bc

a`bû~rtac nuorutco. A~~g á c~~ujabg ajxoanarcje`re xeoc jcrátac sue/ ngjg ujc lettcje`rc be

jctiera`f/ ba|uofc g~ xtgburg~ sue |îg ~et |e`babg~ xctc c ngjejgtcæîg be~~e~ 28 c`g~.

@g ngjeæg bc jcrátac/ xgbejg~ gd~et|ct uj dte|e teocrg ~gdte c báncbc be 31<8/ narc`bg cofu`~

cng`renaje`rg~ be ajxgträ`nac e g Vggb~rgni ngjg g jcagt le~ra|co be jû~anc bc ma~rþtac. Cg



22

ng`rtãtag bc te|a~rc \ekc/ c A~rgÁ te~~corc c ajxgträ`nac e ngjg g le~ra|co lga xg~ara|g xctc ujc

fetcæîg.

‟Y...Z E eoe cng`reneu; Vggb~rgni/ g jcagt e jca~ neoedtcbg le~ra|co be jû~anc bc ma~rþtac/ lga èngtgcæîg be 31<1 e g jctng be ujc fetcæîg sue a`loue`nagu jubc`æc~ ~gnaca~ e be laog~glac~ be|abc.‚ -Te|a~rc A~rgá/ 4881/ x.28!

C jcrátac ca`bc |ca jg~rtct crtc|á~ be uj a`lgftãlang/ cofu`~ bg~ jgje`rg~ e ctra~rc~ jctnc`re~

sue xc~~ctcj xeog Vggb~rgni. Ej rejxg~ be oadetbcbe/ te~~corgu c mctjgàc e}a~re`re `g ~mgv/

rtcrgu c ùbe{ ngjg `cruta~jg e lcogu ~gdte g~ ~mgv~ be cofu`~ ctra~rc~.

E~~c xesue`c ntêranc `g ngjeæg bc jcrátac á u~cbc ngjg fc`nmg xctc lcoct ~gdte g laoje oc`æcbg/

~gdte g e|e`rg/ ~gdte g~ NB~ e B\B~ sue rtc{ej c rtaomc ~g`gtc gtafa`co e g bgnuje`rãtag

gtafa`co fc`mcbgt bg G~nct e ~gdte g~ oa|tg~. C jcrátac xgbe ~et rgjcbc ngjg ujc bejg`~rtcæîg

bc~ jubc`æc~ `g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco/ cfgtc xtebgja`c`reje`re |gorcbg xctc cfe`bc/ `îg rtcrc`bg

bg~ xtgne~~g~ sue e`|go|ej uj lcrg kgt`coê~rang/ jc~ u~c`bg uj e|e`rg nuorutco xctc/ cg sue

xctene/ ba|uofct xtgburg~.

C ngjxctcæîg bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ej jcrátac~ xudoancbc~ ~gdte g Vggb~rgni jg~rtc sue g

kgt`coa~jg nuorutco jubgu è~~e a`ret|cog be 28 c`g~/ xeoc oa`fucfej e lgtjcrg/ jc~xta`naxcoje`re jg~rtc sue eoe tecoje`re e~rã ej nta~e.

Rtcrct c~ jcrátac~ nuorutca~ ngjg cfe`bc~/ gu cxe`c~ xudoanabcbe~ be xtgburg~/ ngjg c A~rgÁ lc{

ngj g~ ctrafg~ bg Vggb~rgni/ lc{ ngj sue g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ~ekc rtcrcbg ngjg ~enu`bãtag/

ngjg ~e c nuorutc `îg lg~~e ajxgtrc`re ngjg c~~u`rg~ be xgoêranc/ eng`gjac/ e`rte gurtg~. Ngjg



25

Xa{c -4882! cnte~ne`rc `g ncxêruog 3/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco ~ejxte lga rtcrcbg ngjg ~uxoeje`rg e

g lgng cruco `c~ cfe`bc~ xc~~a|c~ cre~rc e~~e lcrg.

‟Y...Z Cfgtc/ xctc ngjejgtct g~ 28 c`g~ bg le~ra|co/ ~etîg oc`æcbg~ oa|tg~/ ba~ng~/ ~mgv~/ B\B~/laoje/ teoc`æcbg~ ãodu`~ e crá ujc ngoeæîg be ~ea~ NB~/ ”Vggb~rgni 28‑/ ngj >= ftc|cæõe~a`ábarc~/ sue nmefc è~ ogkc~ `g xtþ}ajg jë~.‚ -Te|a~rc A~rgá/ 4881/ x.23!

C A~rgÁ lcoc ~gdte g oc`æcje`rg be laoje ~gdte g Vggb~rgni/ ng`rc uj xgung bg ~eu ng`reûbg/

sue á ujc cbcxrcæîg bg oa|tg bg naèc~rc C`f Oee. Cxþ~ e~~e xesue`g ma~rþtang ~gdte g laoje/ c

jcrátac lcoc ~gdte c xg~~adaoabcbe be gurtc ebaæîg bg Vggb~rgni.

Ca`bc lc{e`bg xudoanabcbe be xtgburg~ oafcbg~ c Vggb~rgni/ ~îg jg~rtcbg~ rtë~ oa|tg~ oc`æcbg~

ej ngjejgtcæîg cg~ sucte`rc c`g~ bg le~ra|co e ca`bc á learg uj dte|e ma~rþtang ~gdte uj beoe~/

be~nte|e`bg ngjg g oa|tg lga e~ntarg/ ng`rc`bg uj xgung be ~eu ng`reûbg e ujc ntêranc tãxabc

cg~ oa|tg~.

C xudoanabcbe e}etnabc xeoc A~rgÁ á xg~ara|c ngj teocæîg cg ~afàlancbg bg le~ra|co / cg ng`rtãtag

bc te|a~rc \ekc sue kã ngjeæc c jcrátac e}xoanarc`bg g u~g e}ne~~a|g be btgfc~/ g ~e}g ~e`bg

xtcrancbg ej xûdoang be lgtjc ftgre~nc/ e`rte gurtg~ lcrg~ ngogncbg~ ngjg èfcra|g~ xeoc te|a~rc.

C oadetbcbe á g ~e}g kã `îg ~îg dc`coa{cbg~/ gu e}xg~rg~ ngjg cofg ftgre~ng/ ~îg xc~~cbg~ ngjg

g gdkera|g ng`re~rcbgt be uj jg|aje`rg. C ajxte~~îg xc~~cbc xctc g oeargt á be sue g noajc bg

Vggb~rgni lga cofg jctc|aomg~g/ rgrcoje`re ngjxtee`babg cxe`c~ `c xc{ e `g cjgt. Jc~ e~~c

balete`æc `g~ tejere cg lcrg be ~etej 28 c`g~ be balete`æc e`rte c~ jcrátac~/ c ~gnaebcbe e ~uc~



2<

ng`nexæõe~ kã xc~~ctcj xgt jubc`æc~/ c ne`~utc `îg á cofg jca~ sue c~~u~rc e rgbc lgtjc be

xtgre~rg á |coabc.

Ngj teocæîg è xetnexæîg ~gdte ng`rtcnuorutc/ g sue ~e xetnede `c jcrátac á c a`nou~îg bg e|e`rg

`c a`bû~rtac nuorutco. E cg ~et a`~etabg `c a`bû~rtac nuorutco g jg|aje`rg rcjdáj ~e rgt`c xctre bc

nuorutc sue e~~e~ maxxae~ be 31<1 ng`~abetc|cj bge`re. ^e`bg c~~aj/ g jg|aje`rg cncdc

xetbe`bg g ~eu ~e`rabg gtafa`co. Vggb~rgni fc`mc cxe`c~ ujc ng`grcæîg ju~anco/ g sue `îg á|etbcbe/ xga~ `c ma~rþtac ~uc ajxgträ`nac ~gnagnuorutco á noctc.

@c ng`rtcnuorutc bg~ c`g~ be 31<8 gd~et|cjg~ c~ jc`ale~rcæõe~ ~gdte c fuettc/ g~ bedcre~ ~gdte

c~ teftc~ bc ~gnaebcbe/ c ourc xeoc oadetbcbe be e}xte~~îg/ oadetrcæîg bg kg|ej e rgjct g ~eu xcxeo

`c ~gnaebcbe ej du~nc be ujc |g{ jca~ lgtre e cra|c/ c~ oertc~ bc~ jû~anc~ bg~ ctra~rc~ nc`rcbc~

ngj xca}îg ej lgtjc be xtgre~rg xeog~ kg|e`~ sue suetacj xgbet ba{et csuaog sue c jû~anc ba{ac

xctc eoe~/ e`rte gurtg~ juarg~ c~xenrg~ sue atacj fetct ujc ftc`be ba~nu~~îg . @cbc ba~~g e~re|e

xte~e`re `c teebaæîg bg le~ra|co `g~ c`g~ 4888.

C jcrátac bc A~rgÁ á ngjxg~rc xgt rtë~ lgrg~/ ~e`bg ujc be Kaja Me`bta} ej cofuj jgje`rg bg

~mgv be 31<1 -|et xãf. 54!/ gurtc lgrg ~gdte g laoje e c gurtc lgrg bg~ rtë~ oa|tg~ oc`æcbg~. C~

oefe`bc~ e}xoancra|c~ bc~ lgrg~ bea}cj c jcrátac ngj uj ct xudoanarãtag ca`bc jcagt.

C~ lgrg~ e g e~xcæg bebancbg è~ buc~ jcrátac~ jg~rtcj sue `c te|a~rc \ekc cxe`c~ ujc xãfa`c lga

~ulanae`re xctc lcoct jco bg e|e`rg9 kã c te|a~rc A~rgÁ bebangu sucrtg xãfa`c~ xctc g Vggb~rgni/



26

xctc lc{et g sue abe`ralancjg~ xta`naxcoje`re ngjg jctiera`f be xtgburg~ c~~gnacbg~ cg jcagt

le~ra|co ng`rtcnuorutco be rgbg~ g~ rejxg~.



2=

NG@NOU^ÎG

C xte~e`re jg`gftclac xtgnutgu abe`ralanct/ c xctrat bc~ jcrátac~ ~gdte g Vggb~rgni xudoancbc~

`c~ te|a~rc~ \ekc e A~rgá be 31<1 e 4881/ te~xenra|cje`re/ c~ jubc`æc~ sue g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco

~glteu è~~e~ 28 c`g~ e abe`ralanct c lgtjc ngj sue c ng`rtcnuorutc lga rtcrcbc xgt e~~e~ |eênuog~

rtcrc|cj.

Be cngtbg ngj c c`ãoa~e learc/ g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco jubgu e xctene je~jg ~e e`ng`rtct ej nta~e.

ê c jcrátac be 31<1 cbgrgu uj rgj jgtcoa~rc e rgrcoje`re gxa`cra|g/ c jcrátac xudoancbc ej

4881 bea}gu noctg sue ~eu lgng xta`naxco etc c xudoanabcbe be xtgburg~ oc`æcbg~ xctc ngjejgtct

g~ 28 c`g~ bg e|e`rg. G kgt`coa~jg nuorutco e~rã/ xga~/ lgtreje`re abe`ralancbg ngj ujc cra|abcbe

‟xudoanarãtac‚/ g sue jctnc c nta~e è~~c jgbcoabcbe bg kgt`coa~jg/ ngjg clatjc Xa{c -4882!.

Suc`rg è ng`rtcnuorutc/ gd~et|cjg~ ujc jubc`æc `c lgtjc be rtcrct g~ maxxae~ e g xtþxtag

le~ra|co be Vggb~rgni. ê ej 31<1 etcj |a~rg~ suc~e sue ngjg jctfa`ca~/ ej 4881 etcj cxe`c~

xe~~gc~ ngju`~ sue e~rc|cj ej uj le~ra|co xctc gu|at jû~anc e ~e`ratej*~e oa|te~/ g sue/ ej

xctre/ ~e be|e cg lcrg be ~e rtcrct be áxgnc~ sue |a|acj jgje`rg~ ma~rþtang~ balete`re~.

G rtcrcje`rg bcbg è ng`rtcnuorutc `c~ buc~ jcrátac~ xgbe ~et ng`~abetcbg tebunagà~rc. C

ng`rtcnuorutc ej ~uc xoeàrube re|e jca~ c gletenet bg sue g sue lga tertcrcbg xeoc~ jcrátac~.

âfàlangu uj e~raog be |abc/ ctre/ oaretcrutc/ xgoêranc. E g kgt`coa~jg nuorutco rej uj xcxeo

ajxgtrc`re c nujxtat/ `g ~e`rabg be a`lgtjct be jcèatc te~xg`~ã|eo e áranc c te~xearg bg~ lcrg~

sue e`|go|ej c nuorutc.



21

TELETË@NAC^

CBGT@G/ Rmegbgt Vae~e`ftu`b. A`bû~rtac Nuorutco e c ~gnaebcbe. 2« ebaæîg. ^îg Xcuog; Ebargtc

Xc{ e Rettc/ 4884.

BUCTRE/ Tgbtafg. Regtac ntêranc bc a`bû~rtac nuorutco. Deog Mgta{g`re; Eb. ULJF/ 488>

LGT@CRCOE/ Xere. Vggb~rgni9 28 c`g~ bexga~. 3« ebaæîg. Tag be Kcèatg; Cfat Ebargtc/ 4881.

OA@BG^G/ Leoaxe. Tujg~ bg kgt`coa~jg nuorutco. 3« ebaæîg. ^îg Xcuog; Ebargtc ujju~/ 4886.

JCNAEO/ Oua~ Nctog~. @g|c ng`~naë`nac; kgt`coa~jg ng`rtcnuorutco. Tag be Kcèatg; Eobgtcbg/

3164

JUFFACRA/ Tgdetrg. Tgni/ g ftarg e g jarg. Xertþxgoa~; \g{e~/ 31=>.

XETEATC/ Nctog~ Codetrg Je~gbet. G sue á ng`rtcnuorutc7. ^îg Xcuog; Dtc~aoae`~e/ 31=<.

XA[C/ Bcàeo. Kgt`coa~jg nuorutco. 3« ebaæîg. ^îg Xcuog; Ebargtc Ng`re}rg/ 488>.

^NCO[G/ Jctêoac. Kgt`coa~jg be te|a~rc. 3« ebaæîg. ^îg Xcuog; Ebargtc Ng`re}rg/ 4882.

RADET/ Eooagr. Cng`reneu ej Vggb~rgni . 4« ebaæîg. Tag be Kcèatg; Ebargtc De~r~eooet/ 4886.

\AOC^ DGC^/ ^átfag. G e~raog Jcfc{aè9 G re}rg ej te|a~rc. 3« ebaæîg. ^îg Xcuog; Ebargtc

ûjju~ Ebargtaco/ 311<.



58

âre~ ng`~uorcbg~

NG@RTCNUORUTC. Ba~xg`ê|eo ej;?mrrx;''vvv.ctrafg`co.ngj'ju~anc*ctrafg~'g~*teloe}g~*bc*ng`rtcnuorutc*`g*dtc~ao*bedcre~*~gdte*xtgbuncg*ju~anco*31<6*3164*=1<422.mrjo0 / cne~~g ej; 4= be cfg. 4838 ã~ 3<;88 mgtc~

NG@RTCNUORUTC. Ba~xg`ê|eo ej;?mrrx;''vvv.ng`rtcnuorutc.gtf'ved'Ng`rtcnuorutc'Re}rg~'Xg~ret'4882'<'32WCWNg`rtcnuorutc.mrjo0 cne~~g ej 4= be cfg. 4838 ã~ 3<;88 mgtc~

NG@RTCNUORUTC. Ba~xg`ê|eo ej;?mrrx;''vvv.~xaèt.ngj.dt'jgbuoe~.xmx7`cje:@ev~,laoe:ctranoe,~ab:34<40 cne~~g ej 4= becfg. 4838 ã~ 3<;88 mgtc~

A@BÛ^RTAC NUORUTCO. Ba~xg`ê|eo ej;?mrrx;''vvv.ècb.u`cjc.dt'~are'dadbafarco'xbl'ctrafg~Wte|a~rc~'433.xbl0. cne~~g ej 48 be cfg.4838/ è~ 36;88 mgtc~.

TE\A^RC XGX. Ba~xg`ê|eo ej;?mrrx;''cxgogfg33.dogf~xgr.ngj'4881'86'ujc*ftc`be*te|a~rc*~ere`ra~rc*fetcncg.mrjo0 cne~~g ej48 be cfg. 4838 ã~ 36;88 mgtc~

VGGB^RGNI. Ba~xg`ê|eo ej;?mrrx;''e~ngocbgtgni.vgtbxte~~.ngj'4886'38'84'rgbc*ma~rgtac*be*vggb~rgni*<1'0 cne~~g ej 4=be cfg. 4838 ã~ 3<;88 mgtc~



53

C@E]G^

TE\A^RC \EKC „ 5>/ 31<1



54

TE\A^RC A^RGÁ „ 4868/ 4881Vggb~rgni |ej cê

G le~ra|co sue jctngu c fetcæîg xc{ e cjgt lc{ 28 c`g~ e |gorc è ne`c ngj g oc`æcje`rg beoa|tg~/ laoje/ ba~ng~ e B\B~

KAJA ME@BTA] rgngu g ma`g `cnag`co bg~ E~rcbg~ U`abg~ ngj ~uc fuarcttc

G c`g etc 31<1. G mgjej ra`mc cncdcbg be xa~ct `c ouc. Dc`bc~ a`ntê|ea~ ngjg Oeb [exxeoa` eQe~ oc`æctcj ~eu~ ba~ng~ be e~rteac. Rgbc c báncbc be <8 xctenac e~xenaco/ `g dgj e `g tuaj;fuettc bg \aer`î/ barcbutc~/ ng`rtcnuorutc/ nuorg è xc{/ ~e`raje`rg~ c`radeoana~rc~/ te|gouæõe~~gnaca~ e xgoêranc~. Uj ncobeatîg be lcrg~ e ejgæõe~ cxtgxtacbg xctc uj e|e`rg cttedcrcbgt. E eoecng`reneu; Vggb~rgni/ g jcagt e jca~ neoedtcbg le~ra|co be jû~anc bc ma~rþtac/ lga c ngtgcæîg be31<1 e g jctng be ujc fetcæîg sue a`loue`nagu jubc`æc~ ~gnaca~ e be laog~glac~ be |abc.



5>

G ~ogfc` ~etac $Rtë~ bac~ be xc{ e jû~anc$/ jc~ |atgu $rtë~ bac~ be xc{ e cjgt$. E~~c etc c abeacsue ~etac juoraxoancbc ju`bg clgtc. Uj xocèrc ~ej fuettc~/ ~þ be cjgt/ ~ej ltg`reatc~/ ngj

juarc oadetbcbe e ~e}g. C Cab~ `îg e}a~rac e c xêouoc c`rang`nexnag`co etc ujc tecoabcbe be~be ga`ênag bc báncbc. Rubg etc oa|te. G |a~uco maxxae lc{ac ~une~~g ej kg|e`~ ncdeoubg~ e cbexrg~ betguxc~ ngogtabc~. Vggb~rgni lga g cxgfeu be rubg a~~g; teuàu netnc be jeag jaomîg be xe~~gc~e`rte g~ bac~ 35 e 3= be cfg~rg/ ùjc lc{e`bc bc xesue`c nabcbe be Dermeo/ ej @g|c Qgti/ ùje|e`rg sue g ju`bg ù`nc jca~ e~sueneu. Cfgtc/ xctc ngjejgtct g~ 28 c`g~ bg le~ra|co/ ~etîgoc`æcbg~ oa|tg~/ ba~ng~/ ~mgv~/ B\B~/ laoje/ teoc`æcbg~ ãodu`~ e crá ujc ngoeæîg be ~ea~ NB~/$Vggb~rgni 28$/ ngj >= ftc|cæõe~ a`ábarc~/ sue nmefc è~ ogkc~ `g xtþ}ajg jë~.

Ej cfg~rg g batergt be naèjc C`f Oee oc`æc/ `g~ E~rcbg~ Uàbg~/ c ngjábac $Rcia`fVggb~rgni$/ -Ng`sua~rc`bg Vggb~rgni/ ej rtcbuæîg oa|te/ ~ej xte|a~îg be e~rteac `g Dtc~ao!/dc~ecbc ej uj oa|tg mgjòàjg be Eooagr Radet/ sue nmefc è~ xtcreoeatc~ `cnag`ca~ ej ~erejdtg.



52

@g dgkg be rgbc~ c~ ngjejgtcæõe~/ c oejdtc`æc be jgje`rg~ jctnc`re~ e ejgnag`c`re~. Ngjg

c cxte~e`rcæîg be Kaja Me`bta}/ `c jc`mî bc ~efu`bc leatc 3= be cfg~rg/ xctc e`nettctVggb~rgni rgnc`bg g ma`g cjetanc`g e e}rtca`bg be ~uc fuarcttc ~g`~ sue ~ajuoc|cj e}xog~õe~be ftc`cbc~ e tckcbc~ be jertcomcbgtc.

C textgbuæîg be~~c ne`c/ c~~aj ngjg c be |ãtac~ gurtc~/ e~rã ej oa|tg~ ngjg $Rme Tgcb rgVggb~rgni$/ tenáj*oc`æcbg `g~ EUC -G Ncja`mg xctc Vggb~rgni/ ca`bc ~ej xte|a~îg beoc`æcje`rg `g Dtc~ao!/ be Janmceo Oc`f/ e $Vggb~rgni * Sucte`rc C`g~ Bexga~/ g Le~ra|co Bac cBac/ ^mgv c ^mgv/ Ng`rcbg xgt suej E~re|e Oã$/ be Xere Lgt`crcoe/ sue c Cfat oc`æc `g ~ãdcbg45. $E juarc~ be~~c~ ma~rþtac~ ~e ng`rtcba{ej$/ clatjc Lgt`crcoe/ uj tcbacoa~rc cjetanc`g.$Vggb~rgni á uj eoelc`re. Rco|e{ crá uj eoelc`re tg~c/ bexe`be`bg bg sue |gnë rgjc|c `cáxgnc$/ ba{/ teleta`bg*~e cg corg ng`~ujg be btgfc~/ gurtc jctnc bcsueoe~ bac~.

@G NA@EJC G laoje be C`f Oee ~gdte g le~ra|co nmefc è~ reoc~ bg~ EUC ej cfg~rg

G bgnuje`rãtag $Vggb~rgni$/ be 3168/ |ca fc`mct `g|c ebaæîg/ ngj ajcfe`~ a`ábarc~ e ca`nou~îg bg ma~rþtang ~mgv be Kcà~ Kgxoa`. Eoc nc`rgu oa`bcje`re/ jc~ attargu cofu`~ xte~e`re~.$Lasuea uj xgung be~cxg`rcbg. ûc |g{ e~rc|c jctc|aomg~c ngjg ~ejxte/ jc~ eoc lanc|c ~e|atc`bg xctc c dc`bc c rgbg g jgje`rg xctc bct a`~rtuæõe~$/ oejdtc Oc`f ej ~eu oa|tg.

Mã èfgnacæõe~ xctc uj ~mgv glanaco be cà|et~ãtag/ sue xgbetã `îg cng`renet be|abg è~ba|etfë`nac~ e`rte g~ sucrtg ~þnag~ c`rafg~. Jc~ ujc cxte~e`rcæîg kã e~rã ng`latjcbc; bg Metge~



55

gl Vggb~rgni -ngj jû~ang~ sue ~e cxte~e`rctcj ej 31<1/ ngjg Jeocàe e Ngu`rtq Kge!/ `g bac

35 be cfg~rg/ `g ognco g`be cng`reneu g le~ra|co/ gtfcà{cbc xeog Ne`rtg Ctrê~rang be DermeoVggb~.

G~ gtfcà{cbgte~ be Vggb~rgni ~îg sucrtg; Kgeo Tg~e`jc`/ Janmceo Oc`f/ Ctrae Igt`leob e Kgm`Tgdetr~. Ejdgtc c abeac re`mc ~abg feàco/ eoe~ ra|etcj xtekuê{g be U^" 3/> jaomîg. Vggb~rgnilga xocèkcbg ngjg uj e|e`rg lenmcbg. G~ a`fte~~g~ xctc g~ rtë~ bac~ nu~rctcj U^" 3=. Jc~netnc be jeag jaomîg be xe~~gc~ c~~a~ratcj cg~ ~mgv~ e c jcagtac ~ej xcfct. âjxoe~je`re/ c netnc lga bettudcbc ùj tgjxc`re ngoera|g. G~ gtfcà{cbgte~ `îg ra|etcj ~cêbc; $Á uj ng`netrgftcruarg be cfgtc ej bac`re$/ cù`nagu `g xcong g fete`re be xtgbuæîg Kgm` Jgtta~. Vggb~rgninu~rgu U^" 4/2 jaomõe~/ jc~ ~þ cttencbgu U^" 3/3 jaomîg ngj c |e`bc be e`rtcbc~.

@C^ XTCREOEATC^ Oa|tg~ ng`rctîg ma~rþtac~ e dc~rabgte~ bg~ rtë~ bac~ be xc{ e cjgt

C lc{e`bc |atgu uj rettarþtag rgjcbg xgt kg|e`~ ejdcocbg~ xeog tgni/ xeoc~ btgfc~/ xeog ãonggo exgt xtgkerg~ be mctjgà{ct g ju`bg. Xgtáj/ coáj bc aju`bênae bg ognco lcorctcj dc`meatg~/ngjabc e ~efutc`æc */ rcjdáj mã buc~ jgtre~/ ujc xgt crtgxeocje`rg e ujc xgt g|etbg~e.Nutag~cje`re/ rcjdáj `c~netcj rtë~ dedë~ coa. G ng`fe~rag`cje`rg fafc`re~ng ej @g|c Qgtisuc~e oe|gu g fg|et`cbgt/ @eo~g` Tgnieleooet/ c cncdct ngj c le~rc. Bac`re bg ncg~/ g~ ctra~rc~

xc~~ctcj c at be meoanþxretg. Jc~ `cbc ratgu g rgj e}rtcgtba`ãtag be uj e|e`rg sue teuàu Kgc`Dce{/ Rme Vmg/ Kcà~ Kgxoa`/ Kge Ngniet/ Kgm` êdc~rac` e gurtg~ ftuxg~ ajxgtrc`re~.

C e~ngomc bc lc{e`bc be 428 menrcte~ g`be g~ ~mgv~ lgtcj tecoa{cbg~ á uj bg~ ncxêruog~ jca~ng`lu~g~. C~ rettc~ xetre`nacj c Jc} Qc~fut/ uj ftc`be xtgburgt be ocranêàg~ bg~ EUC. Kgm`Tgdetr~ ng`rgu c Lgt`crcoe sue g lc{e`beatg oafgu gletene`bg ckubc/ `c ng`baæîg be suexcfc~~ej ~eu xteæg. $Eoe cnte~ne`rgu uj {etg cg `g~~g coufueo. Ej |e{ be U^" 6/5 jao/ ra|ejg~sue xcfct U^" 65 jao$/ ba~~e Tgdetr~. Kã Oc`f ba{ ej ~eu oa|tg sue eoe je~jg xtgnutgu Qc~fut elenmgu èfþnag. $Eoe nconuogu suc`rg xetbetac ngj ~uc xoc`rcæîg be colclc e suc`rg nu~rctacxoc`rct rubg be `g|g$/ oejdtc. Le{ ujc dgc cxg~rc. Ejdgtc re`mc bcbg xtekuê{g `g xc~~cbg/Vggb~rgni |atgu uj ne`rtg nuorutco sue ngdtc a`fte~~g~. E ujc jctnc sue á ujc rgtèatc be

te`baje`rg~ sue `îg lenmc ù`nc.



5<

woodstock em revista: jornalismo cultural e contracultura

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