perfil dos imigrantes em portugal: por países de origem e ... · 19 perfil dos imigrantes em...

17

perfil dos imigrantes em portugal:

por países de origem e regiões de destino

Conceição Rego !"#$%&'($)*)&!)&!+%,'*! !- .*$/0!.12'34&%,'*526

Maria Filomena Mendes !"#$%&'($)*)&!)&!+%,'*! !- .*$/0!..&#)&(34&%,'*526

José Rebelo !7#(6$646,!8,/$691#$1,!)&!:&6;<*/! !- .*$/0!='&<&/,3&(1&5$2(526

Graça Magalhães !"#$%&'($)*)&!+%,'*! !- .*$/0!.>'*1*5.*>*/?*&(3$#&526

Resumo:8,'64>*/@! 6'*)$1$,#*/.&#6&! 2*A(! )&! &.$>'*BC,@!

1,#?&1&4@!#*(!;/6$.*(!)91*)*(@!4.*!#,%*!'&*/$)*)&!

)&! D4E,(! '&>4/*'&(! &! '&/*6$%*.&#6&! $#6&#(,(! )&!

$.$>'*#6&(5!-(6&(! $#)$%A)4,(!2',%&#$&#6&(!),!F'*($/@!

)*!-4',2*!G&#6'*/!&!),!H&(6&@!&!)&!IJ'$1*@!2,((4&.!

1*'*16&'A(6$1*(! )$J&'&#1$*)*(! &! )&(/,1*. (&! 2*'*!

8,'64>*/!6*.<9.!1,.!.,6$%*BK&(!)$%&'($L1*)*(5!G,.!

&(6&!&(64),!2',2,., #,(!$)&#6$L1*'!*(!1*'*16&'A(6$1*(!

M!,!2&'L/@!&.!6&'.,(!)&!(&E,@!$)*)&!&!2*A(!)&!,'$>&.!

! ),(! $#)$%A)4,(! N4&! (&! )&(/,1*'*.! 2*'*! ,! #,((,!

8*A(!$#6&>'*),(!#4.!2',1&((,!.$>'*6O'$,@!&.!J4#BC,!

)*(!)$J&'&#6&(!'&>$K&(!)&!)&(6$#,!&.!8,'64>*/5!

Palavras-chave0!G*'*16&'A(6$1*(!),(! $.$>'*#6&(@!

P,%$.&#6,(!.$>'*6O'$,(@!Q&''$6O'$,(!)&!*1,/?$.&#6,

Códigos JEL0!RSS

Abstract:8,'64>*/! T*(! 6'*)$6$,#*//U! *#! &.$>'*6$,#! 1,4#6'U5!

V,T&%&'@!$#!'&1&#6!)&1*)&(@!6?&!1,4#6'U!&E2&'$&#1&)!

*!#&T!'&*/$6U!,J!'&>4/*'@!*#)!'&/*6$%&/U! $#6&#(&@!D,T(!

,J! $..$>'*#6(5! Q?&(&! 2&,2/&! 1*.&! J',.! F'*W$/@!

G&#6'*/! *#)!-*(6&'#!-4',2&@!*#)!XJ'$1*5!Q?&U!?*%&!

)$JJ&'&#6! 1?*'*16&'$(6$1(! *#)! .,%&)! 6,! 8,'64>*/! J,'!

#4.&',4(! '&*(,#(5! Y$6?! 6?$(! (64)U@! T&! 2',2,(&! 6,!

$)&#6$JU! 6?&! 1?*'*16&'$(6$1(! M! 6?&! 2',L/&! $#! 6&'.(! ,J!

>&#)&'@!*>&!*#)!1,4#6'U!,J!<$'6?!M!,J!$#)$%$)4*/(!T?,!

?*%&!.,%&)! 6,! 8,'64>*/! $#6&>'*6&)! $#! 6?&!.$>'*6$,#!

2',1&((@! *11,')$#>! 6,! 6?&! )$JJ&'&#6! 1?*'*16&'$(6$1(!

,J!8,'64>4&(&! '&>$,#(5!Y&!*/(,! $#6&#)! 6,! %&'$JU! 6?&!

&E$(6&#1&! ,J! ($.$/*'$6$&(@! *6! 6?&! $..$>'*#6(! 2',L/&@!

*11,')$#>!6,!6?&$'!1,4#6'$&(!,J!<$'6?5

Keywords0! P$>'*#6(! 1?*'*16&'$(6$1(@! .$>'*6,'U!

.,%&.&#6(@!?,(6!6&''$6,'$&(

JEL Codes0!RSS

estudos regionais | nº 24

18

1. Introdução8,'64>*/@! 6'*)$1$,#*/.&#6&! 2*A(! )&! &.$>'*BC,! 2*'*!

,(! .*$(! )$%&'(,(! )&(6$#,(! >&,>'ZL1,(@! 1,#?&1&4!

#*(! ;/6$.*(! )91*)*(! 4.*! #,%*! '&*/$)*)&! )&! D4E,(!

'&>4/*'&(! &! '&/*6$%*.&#6&! $#6&#(,(! )&! $.$>'*#6&(5!

-#6&#)&.,(! 2,'! .,%$.&#6,(! .$>'*6O'$,(! ,4!

.$>'*BK&(@!*(!)&(/,1*BK&(!#,!&(2*B,!)&!>'42,(!)&!

2&((,*(@!)4'*#6&!4.!)&6&'.$#*),!2&'A,),!)&!6&.2,5!

-(6&(!>'42,(!2,)&.!(&'!.*$(!,4!.&#,(!#4.&',(,(@!

*(! 2&'.*#[#1$*(! 2,)&.! *2'&(&#6*'! 4.*! )4'*BC,!

%*'$*)*@!,(! 6'*=&16,(!(&'C,! 6*.<9.!.*$(!,4!.&#,(!

/,#>,(@! &! ,(!.,6$%,(! )$%&'($L1*),(5!X/9.! )$((,@! ,(!

&J&$6,(!#C,!(C,!#&>/$>&#1$Z%&$(@!N4&'!#,(!2*A(&(!)&!

,'$>&.@!N4&'!#*(!'&>$K&(!)&!)&(6$#,5!

:&! #,! (914/,! \\! ,! >'*#)&! )&(*L,! )&.,>'ZL1,!

&(6&%&! '&/*1$,#*),! 1,.! *! &E2/,(C,! )&.,>'ZL1*! ]!

&(1*/*!>/,<*/@!,!(914/,!\\7!)&%&'Z!(&'!.*'1*),@!&.!

6&'.,(!2,24/*1$,#*$(!2&/,(!)&(*L,(!)*(!.$>'*BK&(!&!

),!&#%&/?&1$.&#6,!^H&!F'*(@!_```a5!b&!*1,'),!1,.!

%Z'$,(!&(2&1$*/$(6*(@!,!(914/,!\\7!2,)&'Z!%$'!*!(&'!,!

2&'A,),!)*(!>'*#)&(!.$>'*BK&(!$#6&'#*1$,#*$(@!*$#)*!

N4&!&%&#64*/.&#6&!,!%,/4.&!),(!D4E,(!2,((*!#C,!%$'!

*!6&'!4.*!)$.&#(C,!&N4$%*/&#6&!]!'&>$(6*)*!#,!L#*/!),!

(914/,!\7\!&!$#A1$,!),!(914/,!\\5!b&!4.!.,),!>&'*/@!

&(6$.* (&!N4&!#*!*164*/$)*)&!*(!6*E*(!)&!.$>'*BC,!

(&=*.!1&'1*!)&!S`!%&W&(!$#J&'$,'&(!*,!%&'$L1*),!#,!

$#A1$,!),!(914/,5!c!d&/*6O'$,!(,<'&!,!)&(&#%,/%$.&#6,!

?4.*#,!)*!ce"!^8e"b@!_``fa!&(6$.*!N4&!*!6*E*!)&!

.$>'*#6&(!$#6&'#*1$,#*$(@!&#6'&!*!2,24/*BC,!.4#)$*/@!

(&!6&#?*!.*#6$),!&(6Z%&/!&.!1&'1*!)&!gh!#,(!;/6$.,(!

i`!*#,(5!b&!*1,'),!1,.!H&!F'*(@!*!1*4(*!2*'*!&(6&!

*<'*#)*.&#6,! &(6Z! '&/*1$,#*)*! 1,.! *(! .$>'*BK&(!

2&#)4/*'&(5!X,!1,#6'Z'$,!),!N4&!(&!2,)&'$*!2&#(*'@!,!

)&(&#%,/%$.&#6,!),(!6'*#(2,'6&(!&!'&(2&16$%*(!'&)&(!

#C,! 2',.,%&4! *! &.$>'*BC,! 2&'.*#&#6&0! *! '*2$)&W!

&!*!)$.$#4$BC,!),(!14(6,(!)&!1$'14/*BC,!2&'.$6$'*.!

)&(/,1*BK&(!1,.!.*$(!'&>4/*'$)*)&5!8*'*/&/*.&#6&@!

*(! 2,/A6$1*(! )&! 1,#6',/,! )*! &.$>'*BC,! 6*.<9.!

6$%&'*.!4.!2*2&/!$.2,'6*#6&!#&(6*!/$.$6*BC,5!G*((&/!

&!P$//&'@!#*!,<'*!The Edge of migration!̂ 1$6*),(!&.!H&!

F'*(@!_```0jka!)&L#&.!*(!.$>'*BK&(!*164*$(!1,.,!

(&#),!1*'*16&'$W*)*(!2,'!l!N4&(6K&(!J4#)*.&#6*$(0!*!

>/,<*/$W*BC,!^)$%&'($L1*BC,!),(!2*A(&(!)&!&.$>'*BC,!

&!),!&(2&16',!(,1$*/!),(!&.$>'*#6&(a@!*!(4*!*1&/&'*BC,@!

*! )$J&'&#1$*BC,! ^6'*<*/?*),'&(! 6&.2,'Z'$,(! )&%&.!

*#)*'! *! 2*'! 1,.! 2,%,*.&#6,(! 2&'.*#&#6&(a! &! *!

mJ&.$#$W*BC,n! ),! J&#O.&#,5! H&! F'*(! &E2/$1*! N4&! ]!

)$.$#4$BC,! ),! %,/4.&! )*(! .$>'*BK&(! *((,1$* (&! *!

*/6&'*BC,! #*! '&(2&16$%*! &(6'464'*0! ](! 6'*)$1$,#*$(!

.$>'*BK&(! (4/ #,'6&@! (41&)&. (&! )&(/,1*BK&(!

)&! 2,24/*BC,! #,'6& #,'6&! &! (4/ (4/5! e,! 1*(,! )*(!

.$>'*BK&(! #,'6& #,'6&@! &(6C,! '&/*1$,#*)*(! 1,.! *!

.4#)$*/$W*BC,! &! *$#)*! N4&! )9<&$(@! )&(&#%,/%&.

(&! *,! '$6.,! )*! 2',14'*! $#6&'#*1$,#*/! )&! N4*)',(!

691#$1,(! &! &(2&1$*/$(6*(! 2&/*(! >'*#)&(! &.2'&(*(!

6'*#(#*1$,#*$(5!X(!.$>'*BK&(!(4/ (4/@!2,'!(&4! 64'#,@!

'&(4/6*.!)*!2,<'&W*!&!),!(4< )&(&#%,/%$.&#6,!N4&!

1,#6$#4*.!*!*((,/*'!)&6&'.$#*)*(!'&>$K&(!#,!.4#),@!

(&#),!)&!*).$6$'!N4&!*(!.&(.*(!(&!2,((*.!*6&#4*'@!

*,!/,#>,!),!(914/,!\\7@!]!.&)$)*!N4&!&(6&(!2*A(&(!

.&/?,'*'&.!,(!(&4(!#A%&$(!)&!)&(&#%,/%$.&#6,5!

G,.,! 2,)&.,(! 1,#(6*6*'! #&(6&! &(64),@! ,(!

$#)$%A)4,(! N4&! '&1&#6&.&#6&! (&! 6[.! )$'$>$),! *!

8,'64>*/! (C,! 2',%&#$&#6&(@! J4#)*.&#6*/.&#6&@! )*!

-4',2*!G&#6'*/!&!),!H&(6&@!)*!X.9'$1*!),!:4/!^F'*($/a!

,4!)&!IJ'$1*o!2,((4&.!1*'*16&'A(6$1*(!)$J&'&#1$*)*(!

&! )&(/,1*. (&! 6*.<9.! 1,.! .,6$%*BK&(! )$%&'(*(5!

G,.,! *! <$</$,>'*L*! #&(6*! Z'&*! '&J&'&@! )&! J,'.*!

1,#(&#(4*/@! ,(!.,6$%,(! 2*'*! *! &E$(6[#1$*! )&! D4E,(!

.$>'*6O'$,(! &(6C,! *((,1$*),(! ](! 1*'*16&'A(6$1*(! )*!

'&>$C,!)&!,'$>&.!),(!$#)$%A)4,(!<&.!1,.,!)*(!W,#*(!

)&!)&(6$#,@!&!*$#)*!*,(!,<(6Z14/,(!N4&!(&!$#6&'2K&.!

#&(6&!2',1&((,!&!*,(! $#&%$6Z%&$(! J*16,'&(!)&!,')&.!

2&((,*/5!

X(!)&(/,1*BK&(!2,24/*1$,#*$(@!N4&'!#,!1*(,!)*(!

.$>'*BK&(! $#6&'#*(@! N4&'! #,! 1*(,! )*(! .$>'*BK&(!

$#6&'#*1$,#*$(@! &(6C,@! #,'.*/.&#6&! /$>*)*(! *!

1,#6&E6,(! (,1$,&1,#O.$1,(! )$(6$#6,(! &! *,! )$J&'&#6&!

J4#1$,#*.&#6,! ),! .&'1*),! )&! 6'*<*/?,5! X(!

2,24/*BK&(!.$>'*.!2*'*!'&>$K&(!&.!N4&!&E$(6&.!.*$(!

&! .&/?,'&(! ,2,'64#$)*)&(! )&! 6'*<*/?,! ^'&>$K&(! )&!

*6'*1BC,!2,24/*1$,#*/a5!P$>'*.!2,'!'*WK&(!J*.$/$*'&(!

^2,'!&E&.2/,@!,!1*(*.&#6,a@!2*'*!J4>$'!)&!4.*!>4&''*@!

)&!4.*!1'$(&!&1,#O.$1*@!)*!2,<'&W*@!)&!2&'(&>4$BC,!

2,/A6$1*5! P$>'*.! 2*'*! 6&'! .*$(! (*;)&5! P$>'*.! 2*'*!

J4>$'! ](! 1*6Z(6',J&(! ^2,'! &E&.2/,@! &1,/O>$1*(@!

#*64'*$(a5!8*'6&.@!(,<'&64),@!&.!<4(1*!)&!.&/?,'&(!

1,#)$BK&(! )&! %$)*! ^P*6,(@! Sffga5! e,46',(! 1*(,(@!

*! 1*4(*!)*!.$>'*BC,!2,)&! 6&'! 2,'! <*(&! *! 1,*1BC,!

(,1$*/@! 2,'! &E&.2/,@! *! 6&#6*6$%*!)&!*2',E$.*BC,!)&!

*.$>,(!,4!)&!J*.$/$*'&(!N4&!=Z!.$>'*'*.5!b&!*1,'),!

1,.! R*#(&#! ^Sfjfa@! 1$6*),! &.! 8&$E,6,! ^_``la0! “A

!"#$%&'( )( * ( +#',-. $( /. '"#012'3( !45*.42!$( $(

dimensão das populações na origem e no destino;

é um problema económico: muitas mudanças na

população são devidas a desequilíbrios económicos

19

perfil dos imigrantes em portugal: por países de origem e regiões de destino

entre diferentes áreas; pode ser um problema

político: tal é particularmente verdade nas migrações

internacionais, onde restrições e condicionantes

são aplicadas àqueles que pretendem atravessar

uma fronteira política; envolve a psicologia social,

no sentido em que o migrante está envolvido num

processo de tomada de decisão antes da partida, e

porque a sua personalidade pode desempenhar um

papel importante no sucesso com que se integra na

sociedade de acolhimento; e é também um problema

sociológico, uma vez que a estrutura social e o

sistema cultural, tanto dos lugares de origem como

de destino, são afectados pela migração e, em

contrapartida, afectam o migrante”.

:C,! &J&16$%*.&#6&! <&.! )$%&'(*(! *(! .,6$%*BK&(!

2*'*!&.2'&&#)&'!,!2&'14'(,!)*!&.$>'*BC,5!8&$E,6,!

^_``l0!S_a!($#6&6$W*!#*!6*<&/*!S!*(!2'$#1$2*$(!6&,'$*(!

&E2/$1*6$%*(!2*'*!,!J&#O.&#,!.$>'*6O'$,5

X!6,.*)*!)&!)&1$(C,!)&!&.$>'*'!#C,!9@!&.!'&>'*@!

$(&#6*! )&! 14(6,(0!.4)*'! )&!4.*! '&>$C,! ^2*A(a! 2*'*!

,46'*! ^,46',a! $.2/$1*! 4.! 1,#=4#6,! )&! 14(6,(! 6*#6,!

.*$(! &/&%*),(! 2*'*! ,(! $#)$%A)4,(! &p,4! 2*'*! *(!

J*.A/$*(!N4*#6,!.*$,'!*!)$(6q#1$*!&#6'&!*.<*(5!-!,!

*J*(6*.&#6,! #C,! *((4.&! *2&#*(! 1*'*16&'A(6$1*(!

JA($1*(@!.*(!6*.<9.!14/64'*$(!&!2($1,/O>$1*(!^8,/r(&@!

Sffk0!Ssga5!8*'*!N4&!,(!$#)$%A)4,(!*((4.*.!*!)&1$(C,!

)&!&.$>'*'!9!#&1&((Z'$,!N4&!,(!<&#&JA1$,(!&(2&'*),(!

#,!J464',!M!&!)&(1,#6*),(!,(!14(6,(!N4&!6&#?*.!)&!

%$'!*!(&'!*((4.$),(!M!(&=*.!2,($6$%,(5!8,/r(&!^Sffk0!

Ssg Ssla@!)&!J,'.*!<*(6*#6&!)$)Z16$1*@!&E2/$1*!)&!N4&!

.,),! ,(! 2',1&((,(! .$>'*6O'$,(! &(6C,! *((,1$*),(!

*,! J4#1$,#*.&#6,! ),(! .&'1*),(! )&! 6'*<*/?,! &@!

&.! 2*'6$14/*'@! ](! )$J&'&#B*(! (*/*'$*$(! 2'*6$1*)*(@!

)*#),! ,'$>&.! *! 2',1&((,(! .$>'*6O'$,(! 1,.! ,'$>&.!

#*(! '&>$K&(! ,#)&! ,(! #A%&$(! )&! '&.4#&'*BC,! (C,!

.*$(! <*$E,(! &.! )$'&1BC,! *N4&/*(! ,#)&! ,(! (*/Z'$,(!

2'*6$1*),(!(C,!.*$(!&/&%*),(5!b&!*1,'),!1,.!*!6&,'$*!

&1,#O.$1*! 1/Z(($1*! &(6&! 2',1&((,! )&! )&(/,1*BC,!

J*16,'$*/! *2&#*(! 6&'.$#*'$*! #,! .,.&#6,! &.! N4&!

M! &.! )4*(! '&>$K&(! ^2*A(&(a! &.! 1*4(*! M! ,(! #A%&$(!

(*/*'$*$(! (&! &N4$/$<'*((&.5!c'*@! #*! '&*/$)*)&! ,! N4&!

*1,#6&1&!9!2'&1$(*.&#6&!N4&!*(!.$>'*BK&(!6&'.$#*.!

,4! )$.$#4&.! *$#)*! N4&! 2'&%*/&B*.! )$J&'&#B*(! )&!

'&.4#&'*BK&(! #,(! .&'1*),(! )&! 6'*<*/?,@! ,4! (&=*@!

*#6&(! ),(! 6'*)$1$,#*$(! m.&1*#$(.,(! )&! .&'1*),n!

6&'&.! 6$),! 1*2*1$)*)&! 2*'*! 2',.,%&'! ,! &N4$/A<'$,!

>/,<*/@! 2&'($(6$#),! *(! )$(2*'$)*)&(! $#$1$*/.&#6&!

%&'$L1*)*(5! t*.<4'! &! d*2,2,'6! ^_``ga! &E2/$1*.@!

)&! J,'.*!2*'*)$>.Z6$1*@!N4&!2*'*!*/9.!),! J*16,!)&!

*(! .$>'*BK&(! (&'&.! $#)4W$)*(! 2&/*(! )$J&'&#B*(! )&!

'&#)$.&#6,!'&*/!&#6'&!,(!)$%&'(,(!6&''$6O'$,(@!1,#(6*6*

(&! N4&! &.! ($.4/6q#&,! 1,.! ,! *4.&#6,! ),(! D4E,(!

.$>'*6O'$,(! )*(! '&>$K&(! .*$(! 2,<'&(! 2*'*! *(! .*$(!

'$1*(@! 6*.<9.! (&! *1&#64*.! *(! )$(2*'$)*)&(! &#6'&!

,(! 2*A(&(! 1,.! #A%&$(! )$J&'&#1$*),(! )&! '&#)$.&#6,5!

8*'*! *! '&(2,(6*! *! &(6*! *2*'&#6&! $#1,&'[#1$*! M!

'&1,')*.,(@! (&! 2&'1&<$)*! *2&#*(! )&! *1,'),! 1,.!

,(!.*$(!&/&.&#6*'&(!2'$#1A2$,(!)*!6&,'$*!&1,#O.$1*!

1/Z(($1*! @! )&%&.,(! *(($#*/*'! ,! J&#O.&#,! )*(!

1,#?&1$)*(! m&1,#,.$*(!)&!*>/,.&'*BC,@!<&.!1,.,!

,!1*'Z16&'!(&/&16$%,!)*(!.$>'*BK&(!̂ N4&!'&6,.*'&.,(!

.*$(!*)$*#6&a!.*(!6*.<9.!*(!#,'.*(!/&>$(/*6$%*(!)*!

2,/A6$1*!)&!$.$>'*BC,!),(!)$%&'(,(!2*A(&(5!-#N4*#6,!

*(!m&1,#,.$*(!)&!*>/,.&'*BC,n!&!,!1*'Z16&'!(&/&16$%,!

)*(!.$>'*BK&(!6&#)&.!*!*4.&#6*'!*(!)&($>4*/)*)&(!

)&! '&#)$.&#6,!&!N4*/$)*)&!)&!%$)*!&#6'&!,(!2*A(&(!

.*$(! &! .&#,(! )&(&#%,/%$),(! ^1J5! *! &(6&! '&(2&$6,@!

2,'!&E&.2/,@!8e"b@!_``fa!6*.<9.!9!)&%$),!N4&!(&!

*(($#*/&!,!J*16,!)*(!.$>'*BK&(!/&>*$(!&(6*'&.@!)&!4.!

.,),!>&'*/@!1,#6',/*)*(@!&.!6&'.,(!)&!%,/4.&@!2&/,(!

tabela 1

Síntese dos modelos explicativos das migrações - A análise das migrações – um modelo de investigação

economia sociologia

individualista

Racionalidade Instrumental / Mercado de Trabalho / Rendimentos / Investimento em

Capital Humano

Ciclo de Vida / Carreira / Mobilidade Social / Acção Não Instrumental

holista

Mercado de Trabalho Segmentado / Flexibilização / Sistemas Espaciais /

Sistemas-Mundo / Sistemas Migratórios

Família / Instituições / Organizações / Redes Migratórias / Enclaves Étnicos /

Normas e Imagens Colectivas

Objecto

Perspectiva

metodológica

Fonte: 8&$E,6,@!_``l0!S_5


20

1,#6$#>&#6&(! *46,'$W*),(! #,(! 2*A(&(! '&1&26,'&(5!

e*64'*/.&#6&! N4&! ,! N4*#6$6*6$%,! )&! $.$>'*#6&(!

*46,'$W*),@!2&/,!>,%&'#,(@!*!&#6'*'!#4.!)&6&'.$#*),!

6&''$6O'$,!&(6*'Z!'&/*1$,#*),!1,.!*(!#&1&(($)*)&(!)&!

.C, )& ,<'*!2'&%$($%&/.&#6&!#C,!(*6$(J&$6*(!1,.!,(!

'&14'(,(!),!2*A(!^&@!2,'!&E&.2/,@!#,!1*(,!2,'64>4[(@!

1,#($)&'*#),!6*.<9.!,(!'&(6*#6&(!2*A(&(!)*!"#$C,!

-4',2&$*!^cGb-@!_``kaa5

e&(6&! &(64),@! *),26*'&.,(! 1,.,! 2'&((42,(6,@!

1,.!<*(&!#*!%&'6&#6&!$#)$%$)4*/$(6*@!*(!1*'*16&'A(6$1*(!

*((,1$*)*(! ]! '*1$,#*/$)*)&! $#&'&#6&! *,! 2',1&((,!

)&! 6,.*)*! )&! )&1$(C,! )&! &.$>'*'@! <&.! 1,.,!

*,! J4#1$,#*.&#6,! ),! .&'1*),! )&! 6'*<*/?,! &@!

1,#(&N4&#6&.&#6&! ]! 2&'(2&16$%*! )&! .&/?,'*'! ,(!

'&#)$.&#6,(5!X(($.@!*((4.$.,(!,!1*'Z16&'!m(&/&16$%,n!

*((,1$*),! *,! 2',1&((,! .$>'*6O'$,! ^8,/r(&! ^Sffkao!

8&$E,6,! ^Sffkao! u*.<4'! &! d*2,2,'6! ^_``ga@! F,'=*(!

^Sfks@! Sffl@! Sfffa@!vO$(! &!P*'N4&(! ^_``sa!c-Gb!

^_``ka@!8e"b!^_``faa0!N4&.!.$>'*!(C,!,(!$#)$%A)4,(!

.*$(! #,%,(! &! ,(! .*$(! *26,(@! ,(! N4&! 6[.! .*$,'!

1*2*1$)*)&! 2*'*! &#J'&#6*'! )&(*L,(@! 1,.! .&#,'!

*%&'(C,!*,!'$(1,@!1,.!#A%&$(!)&!&)41*BC,!.*$(!&/&%*),5!

c(! &.$>'*#6&(! (C,! ,(! $#)$%A)4,(! .*$(! *.<$1$,(,(@!

6*.<9.! 1,#($)&'*),(! mincome-maximizers’! ^F,'=*(@!

Sfksa5! G,#($)&'*#),@! >&#&'$1*.&#6&@! N4&! ,(!

D4E,(! .$>'*6O'$,(! (&! )&(/,1*.! )&! '&>$K&(! .&#,(!

)&(&#%,/%$)*(!2*'*!,46'*(!1,.!#A%&$(!)&!<&. &(6*'!

.*$(! ($>#$L1*6$%,(@! &#6C,! ,(! 2',1&((,(! .$>'*6O'$,(!

%C,! &(6$.4/*'! ,! )&(&#%,/%$.&#6,! )*(! '&>$K&(! )&!

*1,/?$.&#6,!&!*1&#64*'!*(!)$L14/)*)&(!#*(!'&>$K&(p

2*A(&(! )&! ,'$>&.@! 1,#6'$<4$#),! 2*'*! ,! *4.&#6,!

)*(! *(($.&6'$*(! &#6'&! *.<*(@! 1,.,! *L'.Z.,(!

*#6&'$,'.&#6&5!

8&/,! J*16,!)*(!.$>'*BK&(!*((4.$'&.!*!1*'*16&'A(6$1*!

)*!(&/&16$%$)*)&!($>#$L1*!N4&!*!2,24/*BC,!N4&!2*'6&!

#C,! 6&.! *(! .&(.*(! 1*'*16&'A(6$1*(! ),! 1,#=4#6,!

>/,<*/!)*!2,24/*BC,5!X!(&/&1BC,!)&1,''&!#,!.,.&#6,!

)*! )&1$(C,! )&! 2*'6$'! &! 2,)&! %&'$L1*' (&! *6'*%9(! )&!

)$%&'(,(!$#)$1*),'&(5!8,'!4.!/*),@!*!&(6'464'*!&6Z'$*!

),(! &.$>'*#6&(! )&%&'Z! (&'! $#J&'$,'! *,! 1,#=4#6,! )*!

2,24/*BC,5!8,'!,46',!/*),@!,(!$#)$%A)4,(!N4&!2*'6&.@!

&.!>&'*/@!&(6C,!&#6'&!,(!N4&!*2'&(&#6*.!#A%&$(!)&!

&)41*BC,!.*$(!&/&%*),(! ^#&(6&!),.A#$,@! &(64)* (&!

&.!2*'6$14/*'!,!&J&$6,!),!1?*.*),!brain drain!%&'(4(!

brain gain! 2',%,1*),! 2&/*! &.$>'*BC,! )&! $#)$%A)4,(!

*/6*.&#6&! N4*/$L1*),(a5!X1'&(1&#6& (&! *$#)*! N4&! *!

6,.*)*! )&! )&1$(C,! )&! &.$>'*'! $.2/$1*! 4.! &(J,'B,!

^14(6,a@! /,>,! ,(! 2'$.&$',(! *! J*W[ /,! #C,! (&'C,! ,(!

$#)$%A)4,(!.*$(!2,<'&(5

X! .*$,'! =4%&#64)&! ),(! &.$>'*#6&(! M! >'42,(!

2,24/*1$,#*$(! 6'*)$1$,#*/.&#6&! .&#,(! *%&((,(!

*,! '$(1,! M! 2',%,1*! */6&'*BK&(! #*(! &(6'464'*(!

)&.,>'ZL1*(! )*(! W,#*(! )&! ,'$>&.! &! )&! )&(6$#,0!

J*W! )$.$#4$'! *! 6*E*! )&! )&2&#)[#1$*! #*(! '&>$K&(! )&!

1?&>*)*! &! *4.&#6* *! #*(! '&>$K&(! )&! ,'$>&.5!-(6*!

*/6&'*BC,! 6*.<9.! 2',%,1*'Z! */6&'*BK&(! #,! #A%&/!

)&! )$(2*'$)*)&(! ),(! '&#)$.&#6,(! &#6'&! *.<*(! *(!

'&>$K&(! ^2*A(&(a@! #*! .&)$)*! &.! N4&! #*! '&>$C,! )&!

*1,/?$.&#6,!%*$!*4.&#6*'!*!2',2,'BC,!)&!2,24/*BC,!

N4&! 6'*<*/?*@! &! *4.&#6*! *! )&2&#)[#1$*! (,1$*/! &!

&1,#O.$1*!#*(!'&>$K&(!)&!2*'6$)*5!c(!$.$>'*#6&(@!&.!

2*'6$14/*'!,(!N4&!2,((4&.!#A%&$(!)&!&)41*BC,!&@!&.!

>&'*/!)&!1,.2&6[#1$*(@!.*$(!&/&%*),! $'C,!1,#6'$<4$'!

2*'*! >&'*'! #A%&$(! )&! 1'&(1$.&#6,! &1,#O.$1,! .*$(!

*1&#64*),!#,(!6&''$6O'$,(!)&!*1,/?$.&#6,!#*!.&)$)*!

&.! N4&! *2'&(&#6*.! #A%&$(! )&! 2',)46$%$)*)&! .*$(!

&/&%*),(!&!*)*26*. (&!.*$(!J*1$/.&#6&!](!1,#)$BK&(!

)&! J4#1$,#*.&#6,! ),(! .&'1*),(! )&! 6'*<*/?,! ),(!

2*A(&(!'&1&26,'&(!^F,'=*(@!Sffla5

c!)&(&=,!)&!'&#6*<$/$W*'!,(!>*#?,(!)*!&.$>'*BC,!

9! 2,6&#1$*),! )&! J,'.*! .*$(! *1&#64*)*! 2&/,(!

$#)$%A)4,(! N4&! 6[.! &E2&16*6$%*(! )&! N4&! ,(! (&4(!

*6'$<46,(!2,((*.!(&'!'&#6*<$/$W*),(!)&!.&/?,'!J,'.*!

#*! '&>$C,! )&! )&(6$#,@! &.! 2*'6$14/*'! (&! 2,((4A'&.!

<,#(!#A%&$(!)&!N4*/$L1*BC,@!&(1,/*'!,4!2',L(($,#*/5!

X(! 2,24/*BC,! .$>'*#6&(! (C,@! &.! >&'*/@! .*$(!

=,%&#(@!.*$(! &(1,/*'$W*)*(@!.*$(! )$#q.$1*(! &!.*$(!

&.2'&&#)&),'*(!),!N4&!*(!2,24/*BK&(!(&)&#6Z'$*(5!

-(6*(! 1*'*16&'A(6$1*(! ),(! 2',1&((,(! .$>'*6O'$,(!

1,#6'$<4&.! 2*'*! *1&#64*'! ,(! )&(&N4$/A<'$,(!

6&''$6,'$*$(@! */$.&#6*#),! *(! 6'*)$1$,#*$(! )$1,6,.$*(!

*((,1$*)*(! *,(! J&#O.&#,(! )&! 1*4(*/$)*)&! 1$'14/*'!

&!14.4/*6$%*0! 6&''$6O'$,(!(&.!)$#q.$1*(!&1,#O.$1*(!

&! 2',)46$%*(! ($>#$L1*6$%*(! &! N4&! #C,! *2'&(&#6&.!

2&'(2&16$%*(! )&! .&/?,'$*(! )*(! 1,#)$BK&(! )&! %$)*!

2*'*! ,(! (&4(! ?*<$6*#6&(! %&' (& C,! #*! &(6&$'*!

)&! 2',1&((,(! &.$>'*6O'$,(! N4&@! 2,'! (&4! 64'#,@!

*1&#64*'C,! ,(! 2',</&.*(! )*! )&<$/$)*)&! )*! 2',14'*!

&! )*! (4(6&#6*<$/$)*)&! )*(! )$%&'(*(! *16$%$)*)&(!

&1,#O.$1*(! &@! 1,#(&N4&#6&.&#6&@! N4&! 6&#)&'C,! *!

%&'!*4.&#6*),(!,(!(&4!#A%&$(!)&!)&2&#)[#1$*!1,.!

2,24/*BK&(!.*$(!$),(,(!&!.&#,(!N4*/$L1*)*(5!

-.! (A#6&(&@! &#6'&! ,(! $.2*16&(! 2',%,1*),(!

2&/,(! J&#O.&#,(! .$>'*6O'$,(@! &.! 2*'6$14/*'! ,(!

$#6&'#*1$,#*$(@! )&%&.,(! '&D&16$'! #C,! *2&#*(! #,(!

>&'*),(!#,(!2*A(&(!)&!)&(6$#,!.*(!6*.<9.!(,<'&!,(!

2',%,1*),(!#*(!Z'&*(!)&!,'$>&.!̂ 8e"b@!_``fa5!-#6'&!

&(6&(!;/6$.,(!1,#6*. (&!,(! '&>$(6*),(!*,!#A%&/!)*(!

21


J*.A/$*(!^6'*#(J&'[#1$*(!)&!'&#)$.&#6,!N4&!.&/?,'*.!

,(! #A%&$(! )&! 1,#(4.,@! &)41*BC,! &! (*;)&@! &#6'&!

,46',(a!.*(!6*.<9.!,46',(!.*$(!)$J4(,(!*,!#A%&/!)*(!

1,.4#$)*)&(!&!),(!2*A(&(!^m&J&$6,!)&!)&.,#(6'*BC,n!

2',.,6,'!)&!.4)*#B*!14/64'*/@! */6&'*BC,!),(!#A%&$(!

)&!&.2'&&#)&),'$(.,@!#*(!#,'.*(!)*!1,.4#$)*)&!&!

&.!6'*#(J,'.*BK&(!2,/A6$1*(a@!,(!N4*$(@!)&!.,),!>&'*/!

(&!2,)&.!1/*(($L1*'!1,.,!m'&.&((*(!(,1$*$(n!^$)&$*(@!

2'Z6$1*(@!$)&#6$)*)&(!&!,!1*2$6*/!(,1$*/!N4&!%,/6*.!2*'*!

*(!J*.A/$*(!&!2*'*!*(!1,.4#$)*)&(!2',%&#$&#6&(!),(!

&/&.&#6,(! N4&! &.$>'*'*.a5! G,#64),@! ,! &J&$6,! .*$(!

2&'%&'(,!2*'*!,(!2*A(&(!&.$((,'&(!N4&!*!&.$>'*BC,@!

&.!>&'*/@! 2',%,1*@! )&%$),! ]! 2*'6$)*! )&! =,%&#(@! 9! *!

&(1*((&W!)&!.C, )& ,<'*!&!1,#(&N4&#6&!)$.$#4$BC,!

)*! 2',)46$%$)*)&5! -#6'&! *(! (*A)*(! )&! $#)$%A)4,(!

=,%&#(!,!1*(,!),(!N4*/$L1*),(!9!1,#($)&'*),!*$#)*!

.*$(!>'*%,(,@!1,.,!=Z!*L'.Z.,(!*#6&'$,'.&#6&5!8,'!

,46',!/*),@!*,!#A%&/!),(!&J&$6,(!#*(!'&>$K&(!)&!)&(6$#,!

2,)&.,(!)$(6$#>4$'!,(!&J&$6,(!&1,#O.$1,(!*((,1$*),(!

*,(!$.$>'*#6&(@!.*(!6*.<9.!,(!&J&$6,(!#,!.&'1*),!)&!

6'*<*/?,!&!#*!Z'&*!L(1*/5!-#6'&!,(!&J&$6,(!&1,#O.$1,(!

*((,1$*),(!]!2'&(&#B*!)&!$.$>'*#6&(@!%&'$L1* (&!N4&!

,! 1'&(1$.&#6,! 2,24/*1$,#*/@! )&%$),! ]! &.$>'*BC,@!

*4.&#6*!,!87F!'&*/!2&'!1*2$6*@!#4.*!2',2,'BC,!)&!S!

2*'*!S!^8e"b@!_``fa5!X,!1'&(1$.&#6,!),!'&#)$.&#6,!

&(6C,! *((,1$*),(! ,(! &J&$6,(! %&'$L1*),(! #*(! 6*E*(!

)&! $#,%*BC,!.*$(!&/&%*)*(!N4&!2,)&.!(&'!,<6$)*(@!

2,'! &E&.2/,@! *6'*%9(! )*! 2'&(&#B*! )&! &(64)*#6&(!

,4! 1$&#6$(6*(! &(6'*#>&$',(5!X,! #A%&/! ),!.&'1*),! )&!

6'*<*/?,! ^8e"b@!_``fa!*(($#*/*.,(!,! J*16,!)&!#C,!

(&'! '&/&%*#6&! ,! &J&$6,! ),(! $.$>'*#6&(! #,(! (*/Z'$,(!

2'*6$1*),(@!<&.!1,.,!*!2,(($<$/$)*)&!)&!&E$(6[#1$*!

)&! m1,.2/&.&#6*'$)*)&(n! &#6'&! *(! *16$%$)*)&(!

)&(&#%,/%$)*(! 2,'! m#*6$%,(n! ,4! &(6'*#>&$',(! ^N4&!

.4$6*(!%&W&(!)&(&.2&#?*.!6*'&J*(!N4&!,(!2'$.&$',(!

=Z! #C,! 1,#($)&'*.! $#6&'&((*#6&(a! ,4! ,! J*16,! )&!

2&'.$6$'&.! N4&! .*$(! .4/?&'&(! =,%&#(! $#6&>'&.!

2/&#*.&#6&! ,!.&'1*),! )&! 6'*<*/?,@! #*!.&)$)*! &.!

N4&! ,(! $.$>'*#6&(! )&(&.2&#?*.! .4$6*(! %&W&(!

6*'&J*(! ),.9(6$1*(! )&! *2,$,! ](! 1'$*#B*(! &p,4! *,(!

$),(,(5! e,! ),.A#$,! L(1*/@! &(64),(! )$%4/>*),(! 2&/,!

'&1&#6&! '&/*6O'$,! ),! 8e"b! ^_``fa! .,(6'*! N4&! ,(!

$.2*16&(!L(1*$(!/AN4$),(!#C,!(C,!($>#$L1*6$%,(5

:&#),! &(6&@! >&#&'$1*.&#6&@! ,! 2*#,'*.*! >/,<*/!

N4&! &#N4*)'*@! ),! 2,#6,! )&! %$(6*! 6&O'$1*@! *! *#Z/$(&!

),(! .,%$.&#6,(! .$>'*6O'$,(@! #4.*! 6&#6*6$%*! )&!

1,.2'&&#)&'.,(! .&/?,'! ,(! &J&$6,(! 6&''$6,'$*$(! #*(!

%Z'$*(!'&>$K&(!2,'64>4&(*(!),(!D4E,(!)&!$.$>'*#6&(@!

2',2,., #,(@! 1,.! &(6&! &(64),@! $)&#6$L1*'! &!

1*'*16&'$W*'@!)&!*1,'),!1,.!*( )$J&'&#6&(!'&>$K&(!)&!

)&(6$#,!&.!8,'64>*/@!*(!1*'*16&'A(6$1*(!M!,!2&'L/@!&.!

6&'.,(!)&!(&E,@!$)*)&!&!2*A(!)&!,'$>&.! !),(!$#)$%A)4,(!

N4&!(&!)&(/,1*'*.!2*'*!,!#,((,!8*A(!$#6&>'*),(!#4.!

2',1&((,!.$>'*6O'$,5!8*'*!*/9.!)$((,@!2'&6&#)&.,(!

%&'$L1*'!*!&E$(6[#1$*!)&!($.$/$64)&(!*,!#A%&/!),!2&'L/!

),(!$.$>'*#6&(!&.!J4#BC, ),(!'&(2&16$%,(!2*A(&(!)&!

,'$>&.5! 8*'*! &(6&! &(64),! 46$/$W*'&.,(! $#J,'.*BC,!

'&/*6$%*!*!D4E,(!&!(6,1u(!.$>'*6O'$,(@!2*'*!,!(914/,!

\\7@!)$%4/>*),(!2&/*(!&#6$)*)&(!2',)46,'*(!)&!)*),(!

,L1$*$(!^7#(6$646,!e*1$,#*/!)&!-(6*6A(6$1*!&!:&'%$B,!)&!

-(6'*#>&$',(!&!w',#6&$'*(a5!b&(6*!J,'.*@!6&#6*'&.,(!

%&'$L1*'!&.2$'$1*.&#6&!*! 6&(&!),!1*'Z16&'!(&/&16$%,!

)*(!.$>'*BK&(!N4&!*#6&(!&#4#1$Z.,(5!

-(6&! &(64),@! */9.! )&(6*! 2'$.&$'*! (&1BC,! &.!

N4&!*2'&(&#6*.,(!,(!2'&((42,(6,(! 6&O'$1,(!2*'*!*!

*<,')*>&.! N4&! 2'&6&#)&.,(! '&*/$W*'@! &(6'464'* (&!

)*! (&>4$#6&! J,'.*0! #*! (&1BC,! _! *2'&(&#6*'&.,(! *!

.&6,),/,>$*! &! ,(! )*),(! 4(*),(! #&(6&! &(64),! &! #*!

(&1BC,!(&>4$#6&!,(!'&(4/6*),(!,<6$),(5!Q&'.$#*'&.,(!

&(6&! &(64),! 1,.! */>4.*(! 1,#1/4(K&(! &! &%&#64*$(!

'&1,.&#)*BK&(!)&!2,/A6$1*5

2. Metodologia e DadosX! *#Z/$(&! )*(! .$>'*BK&(! $#6&'#*1$,#*$(! )&<*6& (&!

$#%*'$*%&/.&#6&! 1,.! *! &(1*((&W! &! *! J'*>$/$)*)&! )*!

$#J,'.*BC,!&(6*6A(6$1*!)&!<*(&5!e,!1*(,!2,'64>4[(@!

,!7e-!&!,!:-w!)$(2,#$<$/$W*.!$#J,'.*BC,!*164*/$W*)*!

N4&!2&'.$6&!'&6$'*'!*/>4.!1,#?&1$.&#6,!'&/*6$%*.&#6&!

*,(!(6,1u(!&!*,(!D4E,(@!#,.&*)*.&#6&!*6'*%9(!)*!

N4*#6$L1*BC,! )*(! (,/$1$6*BK&(! )&! *46,'$W*BC,! )&!

'&($)[#1$*5!c(!)*),(!46$/$W*),(!'&J&'&. (&!*,(!*#,(!

)&!_``j!&!_``s@!;/6$.*(!)*6*(!2*'*!*(!N4*$(!*N4&/*(!

&#6$)*)&(!)$(2,#$<$/$W*'*.!$#J,'.*BC,5!

X2&(*'! ),! &(64),! N4*#6$6*6$%,! )*(! .$>'*BK&(!

*((&#6*'! '&>4/*'.&#6&! &.! .96,),(! $#)$'&16,(! )&!

*%*/$*BC,@! *! *#Z/$(&! )&(6&(! )*),(! 1,#6'$<4$! 2*'*!

4.*! &(6$.*6$%*! ),(! 1,.2,'6*.&#6,(! )*(! &#6'*)*(!

)&! &(6'*#>&$',(! &.! 8,'64>*/@! 1,.! ,! ,<=&16$%,! )&!

LE*'&.!'&($)[#1$*@!&!2*'*!4.*!2&'1&2BC,!)*(!(4*(!

2'&J&'[#1$*(! &.! 6&'.,(! '&>$,#*$(@! #,(! *#,(! .*$(!

'&1&#6&(5

b&! J,'.*! .4$6,! (41$#6*@! #&(6*! 2'$.&$'*! J*(&! ),!

6'*<*/?,@!,(!(6,1u(!J,'*.!*%*/$*),(!1,.!'&J&'[#1$*!*,!

*#,!)&!_``s@!6&#),!2,'!<*(&!*!$#J,'.*BC,!'&/*6$%*!]!

&(6$.*6$%*!),!6,6*/!)&!1$)*)C,(!&(6'*#>&$',(!*!'&($)$'!

,4!2&'.*#&1&'!)&!J,'.*!/&>*/!&.!8,'64>*/5


22

c(! D4E,(@! 2,'! (&4! 64'#,@! J,'*.! &(6$.*),(! 2*'*!

,! *#,! )&! _``j@! 6&#),! &.! 1,#6*! 2'&1$(*.&#6&! *(!

(,/$1$6*BK&(!)&!*46,'$W*BC,!)&!'&($)[#1$*@!2,'!(&E,@!

>'42,! &6Z'$,@! #*64'*/$)*)&! ^2*A(! )&! #*(1$.&#6,a! &!

'&>$C,! )&! '&($)[#1$*! ^e"Q:! 7@! 77! &! 777a5! e&(6&! 1*(,!

6*.<9.!2',1&)&.,(!]!*#Z/$(&!1'4W*)*!)*(!%*'$Z%&$(!

1,.!,!,<=&16$%,!)&!)$(6$#>4$'!*/>4.*(!1*'*16&'A(6$1*(!

),(! $.$>'*#6&(! &.! J4#BC,! )*(! '&>$K&(! ,#)&! (&!

$#(6*/*'*.! <&.! 1,.,! &.! '&/*BC,! *,! 2*A(! )&! ,#)&!

(C,!,'$>$#Z'$,(5

2.1 Estrangeiros residentes em Portugal e o seu

!"#$%&'#!(")*(#$)"*+!$,)-./*(0/,!1$23 )*(

recentes

X! <$</$,>'*L*! #,! ),.A#$,! &(2&1AL1,! ),! &(64),! ),(!

.,%$.&#6,(! .$>'*6O'$,(! 1/*(($L1*! 8,'64>*/! 1,.,!

(&#),! 4.! 2*A(! 6'*)$1$,#*/.&#6&! )&! &.$>'*BC,5!

b&()&! ,! 2&'A,),! )*! &.$>'*BC,! $#6&'1,#6$#&#6*/! #,!

L#*/!),!(914/,!\7\!&! $#A1$,!),!(914/,!\\!M!N4*#),!

(*A'*.! )&! 8,'64>*/! &.! )$'&1BC,! *,! F'*($/! &! *,(!

-(6*),(! "#$),(! .*$(! )&! S! .$/?C,! )&! 2,'64>4&(&(!!

M@! 2*((*#),! 2&/*! J*(&! 1,#6$#&#6*/! ),(! *#,(! j`! &!

s`! ! 1,.! J,'6&(! 1,#6$#>&#6&(! .$>'*6O'$,(@! /&>*$(! &!

$/&>*$(@!)$'$>$),(!2*'*!,(!2*A(&(!),!1&#6',!)*!-4',2*!

^w'*#B*!&!X/&.*#?*a@!,(!N4*$(!(&!&(6$.*!N4&!6&#?*.!

*6$#>$),! .*$(! )&! S@i! .$/?K&(! )&! 2,'64>4&(&(! M!

<&.! 1,.,! 2&/*! &.$>'*BC,! (*W,#*/! N4&! 2*((,4! *!

(&'! )&6&'.$#*#6&! *! 2*'6$'! ),(! *#,(! k`! ,4! ,(! D4E,(!

.$>'*6O'$,(!2*'*!*(!&E 1,/O#$*(!2,'64>4&(*(!)4'*#6&!

,! -(6*),! e,%,! M! J4#)*.&#6*/.&#6&! 2*'*! X#>,/*!

M@! 8,'64>*/! 2,($1$,#,4 (&! 1,.,! 2*A(! &.$((,'! )&!

2,24/*BC,!^w&''C,@!Sffja5!-#N4*#6,!$((,@!*!2'&(&#B*!

)&!&(6'*#>&$',(!&.!8,'64>*/@! J4#)*.&#6*/.&#6&!*69!

*,(!*#,(!j`@!9!<*(6*#6&!$#($>#$L1*#6&5!

G,#64),@! *! 2*'6$'! )*! (&>4#)*! .&6*)&! ),(! *#,(!

s`! &! *#,(! k`! ),! (914/,! \\@! &(6&! 1&#Z'$,! */6&'* (&!

'*)$1*/.&#6&5!-#6'&!,(!*#,(!)&!Sfsl si!&!,!$#A1$,!)*!

)91*)*!)&!k`!'&>'&((*'*.!*,!2*A(!.*$(!)&!S!.$/?C,!

)&!2,'64>4&(&(!N4&!(&!&#1,#6'*%*.!#*(!&E 1,/O#$*(!

2,'64>4&(*(!^)&%$),!*,!2',1&((,!)&!)&(1,/,#$W*BC,a!

<&.!1,.,!#,(!2*A(&(!),!1&#6',!)*!-4',2*!^)&%$),!

]!1'$(&!&1,#O.$1*!N4&!(&!$#(6*/*!#&(6&(!2*A(&(a@!,(!

N4*$(!#C,!2,)&.!%&')*)&$'*.&#6&!(&'!1/*(($L1*),(!

1,.,! $.$>'*#6&(5! -(6&! J&#O.&#,! )&! '&6,'#,!

2,)&! *$#)*! &(6*'! *! 2',/,#>*' (&! #,(! *#,(! .*$(!

'&1&#6&(! )&%$),! *,! '&>'&((,! )&! 2,'64>4&(&(@! 1,.!

1*'*16&'A(6$1*(! )&.,>'ZL1*(! 2*'6$14/*'&(0! )*),! N4&!

#,(!*#,(!j`!&!$#A1$,!),(!*#,(!s`!),!(914/,!2*((*),!

(&! %&'$L1*'*.! $#6&#(,(! .,%$.&#6,(! )&! &.$>'*BC,@!

2*'6$14/*'.&#6&! 2*'*! *! -4',2*@! #&(6&! .,.&#6,!

.4$6,(!)&(6&(!$#)$%A)4,(!=Z!(&!'&J,'.*'*.!&!2,)&'C,!

&(6*'!*!'&>'&((*'!*!8,'64>*/@!2*'*!,#)&!.4$6,(!)&/&(@!

*,!/,#>,!)*!(4*!2&'.*#[#1$*!#,!&(6'*#>&$',@!(&.2'&!

&#%$*'*.!*(!'&(2&16$%*(!2,42*#B*(5

b,!2,#6,!)&!%$(6*!),(!.,%$.&#6,(!.$>'*6O'$,(@!*!

%,1*BC,! 2,'64>4&(*! */6&'* (&! *! 2*'6$'! ),(! *#,(! k`!

^1J5!v'ZL1,!Sa5!e4.*!2'$.&$'*!J*(&@!)4'*#6&!,(!*#,(!

k`@!&!*$#)*!.*#6&#),!4.*! /O>$1*!)&! 6$2,! m1,/,#$*/n@!

(C,! J4#)*.&#6*/.&#6&! $#)$%A)4,(! ,'$4#),(! ),(!

8XHc8!&!),!F'*($/! N4&! (&! $#(6*/*.!&.!8,'64>*/5!X!

2*'6$'! ),(! *#,(! f`! &! #,(! 2'$.&$',(! *#,(! ),! (914/,!

\\7@!,(!$.$>'*#6&(!&.!8,'64>*/!*4.&#6*'*.!)&!J,'.*!

<*(6*#6&!($>#$L1*6$%*!&!*(!(4*(!,'$>&#(!>&,>'ZL1*(!

)$%&'($L1*'*. (&0!2*'*!*/9.!),(!D4E,(!2',%&#$&#6&(!

)&!IJ'$1*!&!),!F'*($/@!1,.&B*'*.!*!)$'$>$' (&!*!8,'64>*/!

$#)$%A)4,(! ),! /&(6&! )*! -4',2*! &! .&(.,! )*! G?$#*!

^w&''C,@!Sffjo!8&$E,6,@!_``ka5!-(6&(!D4E,(!2,)&'C,!

(&'! &E2/$1*),(! 2&/,! J*16,! )*! 2,($BC,! 2,'64>4&(*!

#*! "#$C,! -4',2&$*! &(6*'! 1,#(,/$)*)*@! &! 2,'6*#6,!

*$#)*!N4&!8,'64>*/!(&=*!4.!2&N4&#,!2*A(!2&'$J9'$1,!

$#6&>'*! 4.*! )*(! W,#*(! &1,#,.$1*.&#6&! .*$(!

)&(&#%,/%$)*(@! ,! (&4! >'*4! )&! $#6&'#*1$,#*/$W*BC,!

9@! 1,#(&N4&#6&.&#6&@! .*$(! $#6&#(,! &! ,! #A%&/! )&!

1'&(1$.&#6,!&1,#O.$1,!&!)&(&#%,/%$.&#6,!.&/?,',4!

($>#$L1*6$%*.&#6&!*2O(!*!$#(6*4'*BC,!)*!)&.,1'*1$*!

&!*!*)&(C,!]!"#$C,!-4',2&$*5

-.!8,'64>*/@!&.!2*'6$14/*'!)&()&!SfkS@!*!6&#)[#1$*!

)*! 6*E*! ),! 1'&(1$.&#6,! )&.,>'ZL1,! 9! 1/*'*.&#6&!

$#D4&#1$*)*! 2&/*! 6*E*! )&! 1'&(1$.&#6,! .$>'*6O'$,!

^v'ZL1,! _ao! &(6&! &J&$6,! 6,'#* (&!.*$(! &%$)&#6&! 1,.!

,!)&1'9(1$.,!)*! 6*E*!)&! 1'&(1$.&#6,!#*64'*/5!P*$(!

'&1&#6&.&#6&@!)&()&!,! $#A1$,!)*!)91*)*!)&!f`@!N4&!

(&!&(6$.*.!(*/),(!.$>'*6O'$,(!2,($6$%,(!^7e-@!_``ka@!

$#%&'6&#), (&!*!6&#)[#1$*!*#6&'$,'!)&!J,'6&!&.$>'*BC,@!

*$#)*!N4&!&(6*!#C,!6&#?*!1&((*),5

G,#($)&'*#),! *2&#*(! *! 2,24/*BC,! &(6'*#>&$'*!

1,.!&(6*646,! /&>*/! )&! '&($)&#6&@! &(6*! *4.&#6,4! )&!

il@l!.$/?*'&(!&.!SfkS!2*'*!l`S@j!.$/?*'&(!&.!_``s@!

N4*(&!)42/$1*#),!*2&#*(!&#6'&!_```!̂ _`s@j!.$/?*'&(a!

&! _``s! ^l`S@j! .$/?*'&(a@! '&D&16$#),! *! $.2,'6q#1$*!

1'&(1&#6&! ),(! D4E,(!)&! $.$>'*BC,!&(6'*#>&$'*! 2*'*!

8,'64>*/5!X,!%*/,'! =Z! '&J&'$),!&!N4&! $#1/4$! *!2*'1&/*!

23


gráfico 1

Evolução do nº de emigrantes portugueses e dos imigrantes residente sem PortugalS!

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1992 1995 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Emigrantes

Imigrantes

S c(!)*),(!'&/*6$%,(!]!&.$>'*BC,!(C,!%*/,'&(!6,6*$(@!(&E,(!'&4#$),(o!*69!Sfkk!,!6,6*/!9!,!1,#=4#6,!)*!&.$>'*BC,!/&>*/!&!$/&>*/o!)&2,$(!)&!Sff_!,!

6,6*/!9!,!1,#=4#6,!),(!&.$>'*#6&(!2&'.*#&#6&(!&!6&.2,'Z'$,(5!c(!)*),(!2*'*!,(!$.$>'*#6&(!'&J&'&. (&!]!2,24/*BC,!&(6'*#>&$'*!1,.!'&($)[#1$*!

/&>*/$W*)*!^%*/,'&(!6,6*$(@!(&E,(!'&4#$),(a5

Fonte: 7e-!&!F*''&6,@!X#6O#$,!^Sffja5

gráfico 2

Taxas de crescimento natural, migratório e total, Portugal, 1981-2007

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

em

perc

en

tag

em

Taxa de crescimento natural Taxa de crescimento migratório Taxa de crescimento total

Fonte: 7e-


24

.*$(! &E2'&(($%*! ^Títulos de Residênciaa! 9! *$#)*!

#&1&((Z'$,!*)$1$,#*'@!&.!_``s@!*!$#J,'.*BC,!'&/*6$%*!

*! x8','',>*BK&(! )&! X46,'$W*BK&(! )&! 8&'.*#[#1$*y!

^i@s! .$/?*'&(a@! x8','',>*BK&(! )&! z$(6,(! )&! H,#>*!

b4'*BC,y!^_k@l!.$/?*'&(a!&!xz$(6,(!)&!H,#>*!b4'*BC,!

1,#1&)$),(y!^S`@j!.$/?*'&(a5

c! 6,6*/! )&! 1$)*)C,(! &(6'*#>&$',(! *! '&($)$'! ,4!

2&'.*#&1&'! )&! J,'.*! /&>*/! &.! 8,'64>*/! #,! *#,!

)&! _``s! *(1&#)$*! *! llj! ggg! $#)$%A)4,(@! ,4! (&=*@!

'&2'&(&#6*%*.!l@_h!),!6,6*/!)*!2,24/*BC,!'&($)&#6&!

&.! 8,'64>*/! ^S`! jSs! isia5! c! v'ZL1,! g! .,(6'*! *(!

#*1$,#*/$)*)&(! 1,.! .*$,'! '&2'&(&#6*6$%$)*)&! &.!

8,'64>*/@! *(! N4*$(! #,! (&4! 1,#=4#6,! '&2'&(&#6*.!

1&'1*! )&! k`h! ),! 6,6*/! )&! $.$>'*#6&(! /&>*$(! #,!

#,((,! 2*A(5! X! 2*'6$'! )&(6*! $#J,'.*BC,@! &(6$.* (&!

N4&! *(! i! #*1$,#*/$)*)&(! &(6'*#>&$'*(! 1,.! .*$,'!

)&(6*N4&!&'*.!&.!_``s@!&!2,'!2*A(@!F'*($/! &!G*<,!

z&')&!^*.<,(!1,.!*2',E$.*)*.&#6&!Siha@!"1'q#$*!

^fha@!X#>,/*! ^sha!&!v4$#9 F$((*4! ^iha5!X2&(*'!)&!

*(($#*/*'.,(! *! "1'q#$*! #*! /$(6*! ),(! i! 2*A(&(! 1,.!

.*$,'!'&2'&(&#6*6$%$)*)&@!$.2,'6*!'&J&'$'!N4&!1&'1*!)&!

lsh!)&(6&(!1$)*)C,(!2,((4A*.!#*1$,#*/$)*)&!)&!4.!

),(!2*A(&(!)&!/A#>4*!2,'64>4&(*0!F'*($/@!G*<,!z&')&@!

X#>,/*@!v4$#9 F$((*4@!:C,!Q,.9!&!8'A#1$2&! ^_ha!&!

P,B*.<$N4&! ^Sha5! c46'*! #,6*! *! '&J&'$'! '&2,'6* (&!

*,!J*16,!)&!,!F'*($/!*((4.$'!,!2'$.&$',! /4>*'!^*$#)*!

N4&!1,.!4.*!/$>&$'*!)$J&'&#B*!'&/*6$%*.&#6&!*!G*<,!

z&')&a@! ,! N4&! '&D&16&! 4.! 1'&(1$.&#6,! 1,#6A#4,! )&!

1$)*)C,(!&(6'*#>&$',(!,'$4#),(!)*N4&/&!2*A(5

{4*#6,! ]! '&2*'6$BC,! 2,'! (&E,(! &! $)*)&(! ),(!

1$)*)C,(!&(6'*#>&$',(!1,.!2&'.*#[#1$*!'&>4/*'!&.!

8,'64>*/@!^v'ZL1,!la!&(6$.* (&!N4&!&.!1&'1*!)&!iih!

?,.&#(! &! lih! .4/?&'&(@! 1,.! 4.*! 1,#1&#6'*BC,!

.*$(!*1&#64*)*!&.!6,'#,!)*(!$)*)&(!*16$%*(@!&.!N4&!

i`h!&(6*'$*.!&#6'&!,(!_`!&!,(!gf!*#,(!)&!$)*)&5

-(6*!)$(6'$<4$BC,!&%$)&#1$*)*!#*!2$'q.$)&!&6Z'$*!)*!

2,24/*BC,!&(6'*#>&$'*!9!($>#$L1*6$%*.&#6&!)$J&'&#6&!

)*!2$'q.$)&!)*!2,24/*BC,!2,'64>4&(*! ^v'ZL1,!ia!,!

N4&@!1,.,!?*<$64*/.&#6&!&E2'&((,!#*!<$</$,>'*L*!)&!

'&J&'[#1$*@!&(6Z!&.! /$#?*!1,.!,! J*16,!)*!2,24/*BC,!

.$>'*#6&! (&'! &(6'464'*/.&#6&! )$J&'&#6&@! #&(6&! 1*(,@!

)*! 2,24/*BC,! )&! *1,/?$.&#6,@! *! N4*/! '&>$(6*! ($#*$(!

&%$)&#6&(!)&!&#%&/?&1$.&#6,5

gráfico 3

População estrangeira com residência legal em Portugal, por nacionalidade (%) em 2007

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Brasil

Cabo Verde

Ucrânia

Angola

Guiné-Bissau

Reino Unido

Roménia

Espanha

Alemanha

Moldávia

São Tomé e Príncipe

China

França

%

Fonte: !"

25


gráfico 4

Pirâmide etária da população estrangeira com estatuto legal de residente, Portugal, 2007

10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+

Em percentagem do total

Fonte: !"#$%"&$'$'()*+,)*-,($./($,0)/1'(

gráfico 5

Pirâmide etária da população residente em Portugal, em 2007

5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+

Em percentagem do total de população população portuguesa

população estrangeira

Fonte: !"#$%"&$'$'()*+,)*-,($./($,0)/1'(


26

! "#$%&'()"*+(",-.+(")/" 0012"3+4"

nacionalidade e sexo, segundo a região de

residência

2/+/$ 3/*$ 1'3'1*./$ ,4)'1*/1+'4)'$ /($ !"#$$ 3/1,+$

,4,5*(,./($6/+$7,('$4,($(/5*6*),89'($.'$,0)/1*:,8;/$

.'$1'(*.<46*,#$1'3'1'4)'($,$=>>?#$('@04./$/$('A/$'$/$

'(6,5;/$')B1*/#$C/1$C,D($.'$4,(6*+'4)/$E4,)01,5*.,.'F#$

'+$ 3048;/$ .,$ 1'@*;/$ .'$ 1'(*.<46*,G$ "()'($ .,./($

C'1+*)'+H4/($ 6,1,6)'1*:,1#$ .'$ 3/1+,$ ,C1/A*+,.,#$

,($ '4)1,.,($ .'$ '()1,4@'*1/($ '+$ I/1)0@,5$ '$ ,$ (0,$

JC1'3'1<46*,K$'+$)'1+/($.'$LA,8;/$.'$1'(*.<46*,G

!/$ M0'$ 1'(C'*),$ N$ 4,6*/4,5*.,.'$ ./($ *4.*-D.0/($

M0'$ ('$ .*1*@*1,+$ C,1,$ I/1)0@,5#$ 4/$ ,4/$ =>>?$

EO1BL6/$ ?F$ -'1*L6,+/($ M0'$ ,$ '()10)01,$ .'(),($

/1*@'4($@'/@1BL6,($('@0'#$+0*)/$.'$C'1)/#$/$C,.1;/$

-'1*L6,./$ 4/$ M0'$ 1'(C'*),$ N($ /1*@'4($ ./($ 6*.,.;/($

'()1,4@'*1/($ M0'$ 1'(*.'+$ '+$ I/1)0@,5P$ C,1,$ ,5Q+$

./($6*.,.;/($./$5'()'$.,$"01/C,$ER61S4*,#$T/5.B-*,$

'$U/+Q4*,#$UV((*,F#$-*'1,+$C,1,$I/1)0@,5$6*.,.;/($

./($C,D('($.'$5D4@0,$/L6*,5$C/1)0@0'(,$EW1,(*5#$2,7/$

X'1.'#$Y4@/5,#$O0*4QHW*((,0$'$%;/$Z/+Q$'$I1D46*C'F#$

+,($ ),+7Q+$ .,$ 2[*4,$ /0$ .,$ \4.*,G$ Y$ 'AC1'((;/$

1'5,)*-,+'4)'$(*@4*L6,)*-,$.'$'()1,4@'*1/($60]/$C,D($

.'$4,(6*+'4)/$ 3/*$I/1)0@,5$'$M0'$(01@'$6/+$,5@0+$

(*@4*L6,./$4/$@1BL6/$'()B$,((/6*,.,$N$C1'./+*4S46*,$

.'$ *4.*-D.0/($4/$@10C/$')B1*/$./$>H^$,4/(#$/0$('],#$

4,(6*+'4)/($ M0'$ /6/11'1,+$ '+$ I/1)0@,5$ .'$ C,*($

'()1,4@'*1/(G _'$0+$+/./$@'1,5#$C0.'+/($/7('1-,1$

M0'$C,1,$I/1)0@,5$4/$('0$6/4]04)/$)'1;/$'4)1,./$+,*($

[/+'4($Eà#bcF$./$M0'$+05['1'($E^>#acFG$Y$M0,('$

)/),5*.,.'$ ./($ '()1,4@'*1/($ Ea=#bcF$ M0'$ (/5*6*)/0$

,0)/1*:,8;/$ .'$ 1'(*.<46*,$ )*4[,$ *.,.'($ ,7,*A/$ ./($

`>$,4/(#$6/+/$('1*,$.'$'(C'1,1#$,C1'('4),4./$0+,$

+,*/1$6/46'4)1,8;/$4,($*.,.'($]/-'4($,6)*-,(#$=`H=a$

Eb`#=cF#$ d>Hd^$ Ebe#dcF$ '$ d`Hda$ Eb^#dcFG$ Z/.,-*,#$

6'16,$ .'$ =>c$ )*4[,$ *.,.'($ *43'1*/1'($ ,$ =>$ ,4/(f$ ,$

+'(+,$C'16'4),@'+$6/11'(C/4.*,$N($ *.,.'($^>H^^$

'$^`Hâ$4/$('0$6/4]04)/G$!/$M0'$1'(C'*),$N$.*3'1'48,$

'4)1'$ /($ ('A/(#$ ,C'4,($ 4/$ @10C/$ .'$ *.,.'($ =>H=^$

,4/(#$/$4V+'1/$.'$+05['1'($3/*$(0C'1*/1$,/$4V+'1/$

.'$[/+'4($E63G$O1BL6/$e$'$g0,.1/$b$'+$,4'A/FG$"()'($

.,./($@5/7,*($C,1,$/$6/4]04)/$./$C,D($(;/$6/4L1+,./($

6/+$,$,4B5*('$.'),5[,.,$1',5*:,.,$C,1,$,($.*-'1(,($

!RZ%$ G$Y((*+#$ 6/+C,1,4./#$ C,1,$ ,($ !RZ%$ $ ./$

6/4)*4'4)'#$,$'()10)01,$.,$C/C05,8;/$ 1'(*.'4)'$6/+$

,$'()10)01,$.,$hC/C05,8;/i$M0'$(/5*6*)/0$,0)/1*:,89'($

.'$1'(*.<46*,$4/$,4/$=>>?#$-'1*L6,H('$C/1$0+$5,./$,$

6/46'4)1,8;/$.'()'($C'.*./($4/($*4.*-D.0/($./$('A/$

+,(605*4/$ '$ 4/($ @10C/($ .'$ *.,.'($ 6/+C1''4.*./($

'4)1'$=>$'$/($â$,4/($E-'1#$,$'()'$1'(C'*)/$C*1S+*.'($

')B1*,($'+$,4'A/FG$"()'$ 6/+C/1),+'4)/$Q$7,(),4)'$

[/+/@Q4'/$4,($.*-'1(,($1'@*9'($,4,5*(,.,(G

gráfico 6

5+&'6'789:)("*)"4)('*;$6'8")/"<+47-=8&2"3+4"$86'+$8&'*8*)2"$+"8$+"*)" 001">?@

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Ucrânia Brasil

Moldávia Roménia

Portugal Cabo Verde

China Rússia Angola

Guiné-Bissau Índia

Bulgária

Reino Unido São Tomé e Príncipe

Fonte: !"

27


gráfico 7

5+&'6'789:)("*)"4)('*;$6'82")/"A-$9B+"*+"().+")"3+4"=4-3+")7%4'+2")/" 001

gráfico 8

5+&'6'789:)("*)"4)('*;$6'82")/"A-$9B+"*+"().+")"3+4"4)='B+"*)"4)('*;$6'8">CDE5"FF@2")/" 001


28

U'5,)*-,+'4)'$ N$ (0,$ .*()1*70*8;/$ '+$ 3048;/$ .,($

1'@*9'($.'$LA,8;/$.'$ 1'(*.<46*,#$ 3/1,+$,($!RZ%$ $

.'$ j*(7/,$ E=?#kcF#$ ./$ Y5@,1-'$ E==#kcF#$ ./$ 2'4)1/$

E=b#kcF$ '$ ./$ !/1)'$ Ebe#>cF$ M0'$ '-*.'46*,1,+$ ,($

C'16'4),@'4($.'$'4)1,.,($+,*($'5'-,.,(#$1'-'5,4./$

0+,$ .*()1*70*8;/$ ./($ *+*@1,4)'($ 1,:/,-'5+'4)'$

'M0*5*71,.,$ '+$ @1,4.'$ C,1)'$ ./$ )'11*)l1*/$ C/1)0@0<($

E63G$ O1BL6/$ k$ '$ g0,.1/$ =$ '+$ ,4'A/FG$Y($ 1'(),4)'($

1'@*9'(#$ Y5'4)']/$ E?#acF#$ ,($ U'@*9'($ Y0)l4/+,($

.,$T,.'*1,$ Ed#bcF$'$./($Y8/1'($Eb#?cF#$ 1'@*(),1,+$

-,5/1'($ 7,(),4)'$ *43'1*/1'(G$ "+$ )/.,($ ,($ 1'@*9'(#$ /$

4V+'1/$.'$'4)1,.,($./$('A/$+,(605*4/$ 3/*$(0C'1*/1$

,/$ ./$ 3'+*4*4/G$ Y/$ .'(,@1'@,1$ ,$ ,4B5*('$ ,/$ 4D-'5$

1'@*/4,5$.'$!RZ%$ $E63G$O1BL6/$kF$C0.'+/($6/4L1+,1$

M0'$/$Y5@,1-'$E==#kcF#$,$O1,4.'$j*(7/,$Eb?#dcF$'$,$

I'4D4(05,$.'$%')V7,5$Eb>#`cF$3/1,+$,($.'()*4,)B1*,($

C1'3'1'46*,*($./($'()1,4@'*1/($M0'$LA,1,+$1'(*.<46*,$

'+$ I/1)0@,5$ '+$ =>>?G$ "(),($ 1'@*9'(#$ 4/$ 6/4)'A)/$

./$ )'11*)l1*/$ C/1)0@0<(#$ (;/$ /($ )'11*)l1*/($ M0'$ )<+$

1'@*(),./$.*4S+*6,($'6/4l+*6,($+,*($(*@4*L6,)*-,(#$

)'4./$ 6/4['6*./$ .'(.'$ /($ ,4/($ a>$ +/-*+'4)/($

.'$ 61'(6*+'4)/$ ./$ C1/.0)/$ +0*)/$ 1'5'-,4)'(G$ %'$

,4,5*(,1+/($/$1'(C'6)*-/$I W$per capita em paridade

.'$C/.'1$.'$6/+C1,$ E+Q.*,$.,$"R=em$b>>F$C,1,$/$

,4/$ .'$ =>>?$ E3/4)'P$ "RUn%ZYZF$ -'1*L6,+/($ M0'$

/($-,5/1'($ 1'@*(),./($4'(),($ 1'@*9'($ E!RZ%$ F$ (;/$

1'(C'6)*-,+'4)'$b>?#?$4/$6,(/$.'$j*(7/,$EM0'$*4)'@1,$

O1,4.'$j*(7/,$'$,$I'4D4(05,$.'$%')V7,5F$'$kb#=$4/$

6,(/$./$Y5@,1-'$E,$+Q.*,$./$6/4)*4'4)'$C/1)0@0<($Q$

,C'4,($.'$e?#>FG$"()'($-,5/1'($(;/$C,1)*605,1+'4)'$

(*@4*L6,)*-/($ ('$ 4/($ 1'6/1.,1+/($ M0'$ 4/$ +/+'4)/$

.,$,.'(;/$.'$I/1)0@,5$N$2""#$'+$bak?#$)/./$/$C,D($

'(),-,$65,((*L6,./$6/+/$1'@*;/$n7]'6)*-/$b#$/0$('],#$

6/+$0+$4D-'5$.'$I W$per capita$,7,*A/$./($e`c$.,$

+Q.*,$ .,$ 6/+04*.,.'G$ Y$ '-/508;/$ .'(),($ 1'@*9'($

'+$C,1)*605,1#$+'5[/1,4./$,$(0,$C/(*8;/$1'5,)*-,$4/$

6/4]04)/$ .,($ 1'@*9'($ .,$ RG"#$ ),+7Q+$ ,6'4)0/0$ /$

4D-'5$.'$,((*+')1*,($.'$.'('4-/5-*+'4)/$ 1'@*(),.,($

'4)1'$,($-B1*,($1'@*9'($C/1)0@0'(,(G

_,./$ M0'$ 4;/$ )'+/($ .*(C/4D-'*(#$ ,/$ 4D-'5$ .,($

!RZ%$ #$ 0+,$ '()*+,)*-,$ .,$ C/C05,8;/$ *+*@1,4)'$

o$ ()/6p($ 1'5,)*-/($ N$ '()*+,)*-,$ .,$ C/C05,8;/$ .'$

4,6*/4,5*.,.'$'()1,4@'*1,$,$1'(*.*1$/0$C'1+,4'6'1$.'$

3/1+,$ 5'@,5$ '+$I/1)0@,5$ E'(),$ -,1*B-'5$ ,C'4,($'()B$

.*(C/4D-'5$C,1,$I/1)0@,5F$o$4;/$)'+/($C/((*7*5*.,.'$

.'$ -'1*L6,1$ ,$ *+C/1)S46*,$ 1'5,)*-,#$ 4,($ !RZ%$ $ ./$

6/4)*4'4)'#$.,$C/C05,8;/$*+*@1,4)'#$M0'1$,/$4D-'5$.,$

C/C05,8;/$ 1'(*.'4)'$ M0'1$ '+$ )'1+/($ .,$ C/C05,8;/$

,6)*-,G$_,$+'(+,$ 3/1+,#$'$C'5/($+'(+/($+/)*-/(#$

4;/$ Q$ C/((D-'5$ -'1*L6,1$ ('#$ ,/$ 5/4@/$ ./$ )'+C/#$ ('$

1'@*(),$/$C1'./+D4*/$.'$0+,$.,.,$4,6*/4,5*.,.'$4,($

!RZ%$ $6/4(*.'1,.,(G

gráfico 9

G+/38489B+")$74)"8"34+3+49B+"*)"H$748*8(")"8"6+$74'I-'9B+"3848"+"<FJ2"3+4"CDE5"FF2")/" 001

0 10 20 30 40

Alentejo

Algarve

Centro

Lisboa

Norte

%PIB

% Entradas 2006

Fonte: !"

Legenda:$ "4)1,.,($ =>>?P$ %/5*6*),89'($ .'$ 1'(*.<46*,#$ '+$ =>>?#$ C/1$ !RZ%$ $

EC1/C/18;/$ ./$ )/),5$ 4,6*/4,5Ff$ I W$ ,$ C1'8/($ 6/11'4)'(#$ C/1$ !RZ%$ #$ '+$ =>>?$

EC1/C/18;/$./$)/),5$4,6*/4,5F

29


%'$ ,./C),1+/($ /0)1,$ C'1(C'6)*-,$ 4,$ ,4B5*('$ .,$

1'5,8;/$'4)1'$/$I W$.,($.*-'1(,($!RZ%$ $'$,$C1/C/18;/$

.'$ "4)1,.,($ 4,($ -B1*,($ 1'@*9'($ ./$ 6/4)*4'4)'#$ /0$

('],#$ 6/+C,1,4./$ /$ 6/+C/1),+'4)/$ ./$ I W#$ ,@/1,$

,/$ 4D-'5$ .,$ '()10)01,$ 1'@*/4,5#$ 6/+$ /$ C'(/$ 1'5,)*-/$

.,($'4)1,.,($.'$*+*@1,4)'($4,($.*-'1(,($1'@*9'($./$

6/4)*4'4)'$ C/1)0@0<($ EO1BL6/$ aF$ -'1*L6,+/($ M0'$

'A*()'+$ ,5@0+,($ .*(61'CS46*,($ .*@4,($ .'$ 1'@*()/G$

!'()'$ ./+D4*/#$ ('1*,$ .'$ '(C'1,1$ M0'$ ,($ 1'@*9'($

6/+$ 6/4)1*70*89'($ +,*($ 1'5'-,4)'($ C,1,$ /$ I W#$ '$

C/1),4)/$6/+$+,*/1$4D-'5$.'$,6)*-*.,.'$'6/4l+*6,$'$

+,*/1$61*,8;/$.'$1*M0':,#$3/(('+$),+7Q+$,($M0'$('$

1'-'5,1*,+$+,*($,)1,6)*-,($C,1,$/($'()1,4@'*1/($M0'$

C1/601,+$/$4/((/$C,D(G$%'#$C/1$0+$5,./$,($1'@*9'($.'$

j*(7/,$'$./$!/1)'$6/4)1*70'+$C1/C/16*/4,5+'4)'$+,*($

C,1,$/$I W$./$M0'$,$C'16'4),@'+$.'$*+*@1,4)'($M0'$

1'6'7'+#$]B$4/$6,(/$./$Y5@,1-'$/$6'4B1*/$Q$/C/()/P$

/$ C'(/$ .,($ '4)1,.,($ .'$ *+*@1,4)'($ 4'(),$ 1'@*;/#$

4/$ )/),5$ 4,6*/4,5#$ Q$ +0*)/$ (0C'1*/1$ ,/$ 6/4)1*70)/$

1'@*/4,5$C,1,$/$I W$C/1)0@0<(G$"()'$6/+C/1),+'4)/$

'()B$ 1'5,6*/4,./#$ 6/+$ 3/1)'$ C1/7,7*5*.,.'#$ C/1$ 0+$

5,./#$6/+$/$3,6)/$.'(),$1'@*;/$('1$0+$)'11*)l1*/$/4.'$

C1'./+*4,+$ ,6)*-*.,.'($ '6/4l+*6,($ ./$ ('6)/1$

)'16*B1*/$4/$S+7*)/$./$)01*(+/$E[/)'5,1*,#$1'(),01,8;/#$

*+/7*5*B1*/#$'4)1'$/0)1,(F$7'+$6/+/$,$6/4()108;/$6*-*5#$

/4.'$,$q'A*7*5*.,.'$./$+'16,./$.'$)1,7,5[/$C/.'$('1$

1'5,)*-,+'4)'$+,*/1$M0'$4/0)1,($1'@*9'($./$C,D($o$C/1$

'A'+C5/#$.'-*./$N$3/1)'$6/+C/4'4)'$.'$(,:/4,5*.,.'$

4,$ 61*,8;/$ .'$ '+C1'@/$ ,((/6*,./$ N$ QC/6,$ ,5),$ .,$

,6)*-*.,.'$)01D()*6,$o$M0'$C/.'+$,)1,*1$.'$3/1+,$+,*($

*4)'4(,$ /($ *4.*-D.0/($ '()1,4@'*1/(G$ Y5Q+$ .*((/#$ /($

1'(05),./($ /7)*./($ C/.'1;/$ ),+7Q+$ ('1$ 'AC5*6,./($

6/+$/$3,6)/$.'$,5@04($./($'()1,4@'*1/($M0'$(/5*6*),+$

,0)/1*:,8;/$.'$1'(*.<46*,$('1'+$1'3/1+,./(G$!/$6,(/$

.,($1'@*9'($2'4)1/$'$Y5'4)']/#$,$*+C/1)S46*,$1'5,)*-,$

./($ *+*@1,4)'($ Q$ +0*)/$ ('+'5[,4)'$ ,/$ 6/4)1*70)/$

1'@*/4,5$C,1,$,$61*,8;/$.'$1*M0':,$./$C,D(G

!/$'4),4)/#$,($U'@*9'($./$O1,4.'$I/1)/$ Ea#?cF#$

I*4[,5$j*)/1,5$E^#kcF#$W,*A/$X/0@,$E^#dcF$'$./$n'()'$

Ed#ecF$,C1'('4),1,+$0+,$.*4S+*6,$.'$,)1,6)*-*.,.'$

M0'$ C/.'+/($ 6/4(*.'1,1#$ N$ C,1)*.,#$ +/.'1,.,$ E63G$

O1BL6/$ b>$ '$ g0,.1/$ d$ '+$ ,4'A/FG$ Z/.,($ '(),($

!RZ%$ #$ C/1$ ('0$ )014/#$ *4)'@1,+$ ,($ !RZ%$ $ ./$

!/1)'$'$./$2'4)1/#$60],$C/(*8;/$1'5,)*-,$4/$6/4]04)/$

.,($ 1'@*9'($ '01/C'*,($ L6,$ 65,1,+'4)'$ ,7,*A/$ ./$

5*+*)'$ 6/4(*.'1,./$ C,1,$ M0'$ 0+,$ 1'@*;/$ C/((,$

('1$ 65,((*L6,.,$ 6/+/$ 0+,$ 1'@*;/$ ('+$ C1/75'+,($

'()10)01,*($.'$.'('4-/5-*+'4)/$ E4,$ 1'@*;/$2'4)1/$/$

I W$ per capita$ '+$ C,1*.,.'$ .'$ C/.'1$ .'$ 6/+C1,$ Q$

,C'4,($.'$?^#e$'$4/$!/1)'$.'$?>#`FG

gráfico 10

5+&'6'789:)("*)"4)('*;$6'82")/"A-$9B+"*+"().+")"3+4"4)='B+"*)"4)('*;$6'8">CDE5"FFF@2")/" 001


30

3. Discussão de alguns resultadosY$ ,@1'@,8;/$ ./($ 1'(05),./(#$ C/1$ @1,4.'($ B1',($

@'/@1BL6,($ .'$ /1*@'+#$ ./($ *4.*-D.0/($ M0'$ C'.*1,+$

,0)/1*:,8;/$ .'$ 1'(*.<46*,$ '+$ I/1)0@,5$ 1'3/18,$ ,$

*+C/1)S46*,$ ./($ *+*@1,4)'($ .,$ "01/C,$ 2'4)1,5$ '$

.'$ j'()'$ 7'+$ 6/+/$ ./$ W1,(*5#$ .'$ 2,7/$ X'1.'#$

.,$ r(*,#$ '$ ,*4.,$ .,$ "01/C,$ ./$ %05$ E'+7/1,$ '()'$

1'(05),./$ '()'],$ +0*)/$ 6/4.*6*/4,./$ C'5/($ -,5/1'($

./($h*+*@1,4)'(i$4,(6*./($'+$I/1)0@,5$/0$Jimigrantes

de segunda geraçãoKFG$ _,./$ M0'$ /($ *+*@1,4)'($ .,$

"01/C,$2'4)1,5$'$.'$j'()'#$./$W1,(*5$'$.'$2,7/$X'1.'$

)/),5*:,+$ 6'16,$ .'$ e`c$ ./$ )/),5$ .'$ *4.*-D.0/($ M0'#$

'+$ =>>?#$ (/5*6*),1,+$ ,0)/1*:,8;/$ .'$ 1'(*.<46*,$ '+$

I/1)0@,5#$)'4),1'+/($*.'4)*L6,1$0+$C/06/$+'5[/1$,($

('+'5[,48,($E/0$.*3'1'48,(F$'A*()'4)'($'4)1'$'5'(G

gráfico 11

5+&'6'789:)("*)"4)('*;$6'8")/"<+47-=8&2"$+"8$+"*)" 0012"3+4"%4)8"=)+=4%K68"*)"+4'=)/">?@

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Europa Central e do Leste

Brasil

Europa do Sul

Cabo Verde

Ásia Oriental

Ásia Meridional

Angola

Guiné-Bissau

Fonte: !"

gráfico 12

Imigrantes da Europa Central e de Leste por sexo e escalão etário

31


#$%&'()*+$'+,-.'$.-(+/01&-*+)$+$23-$+()+.24.5640()+

4&)+ 7-$&)+ 1$(1-789&)+ &23$-.(-'$23$+ )$/$99.(2&4&)+

$:.)3$'+)$'$/;&2<&)+ -$/&3.5&'$23$+=)+ 5&-.75$.)+ 4$+

9&-&93$-.>&<?(+ 4.),(265$.)*+ (0+ )$%&*+ .4&4$*+ )$:(+ $+

-$1.?(+4$+&9(/;.'$23(@

gráfico 13

Imigrantes do Brasil por sexo e escalão etário

gráfico 14

Imigrantes de Cabo Verde por sexo e escalão etário

A+ &27/.)$+ 9-0>&4&+ 4&)+ 5&-.75$.)+ B-$1.?(+ 4$+

,-(5$2.C29.&D+ 9('+ &+ .4&4$+ $+ (+ )$:(+ 4()+ .24.5640()+

-$5$/&+E9F@+G-789()+HI*+HJ+$+HKL+M0$+$:.)3$'+4.F$-$2<&)+

).12.89&3.5&)+ $23-$+ $/$)@+A)).'*+ 5$-.89&'()+ M0$+ ()+


32

.'.1-&23$)+,-(5$2.$23$)+4&+"0-(,&+N$23-&/+$+4$+O$)3$+

)?(+ ,-$4('.2&23$'$23$+ ;('$2)+ $+ 9(29$23-&'P

)$+2()+1-0,()+$37-.()+$23-$+()+IQ+$+()+KR+&2()@+A(+

9(23-7-.(*+$23-$+()+.24.5640()+,-(5$2.$23$)+4(+S-&)./*+

$:.)3$+ '&.(-+ $M0./6T-.(+ $23-$+ ;('$2)+ $+ '0/;$-$)*+

)$24(+4.5$-)()+()+1-0,()+$37-.()+(24$+,-$4('.2&'+

&)+ '0/;$-$)+ E2('$&4&'$23$*+ $23-$+ ()+ IU+ $+ ()+ JR+

&2()L@+ !$)3$+ 1-0,(+ 5$-.89&P)$+ '&.(-+ 9(29$23-&<?(+

2()+ 1-0,()+ $37-.()+ $23-$+ ()+ IQ+ $+ ()+ KK+ &2()@+ V)+

.24.5640()+,-(5$2.$23$)+4$+N&T(+#$-4$+-$1.)3&'+0'&+

4.)3-.T0.<?(+1/(T&/'$23$+'&.)+$M0./.T-&4&*+$'+3$-'()+

4$+ )$:(+ $+ 1-0,()+ 4$+ .4&4$)+ $+ )?(+ '&.)+ %(5$2)W+

2$)3$+9&)(*+&/X'+4$+.24.5640()+$'+.4&4$+&93.5&+)?(+

3&'TX'+'0.3&)+&)+9-.&2<&)+$+%(5$2)+M0$+)$+4.-.1$'+

&+Y(-301&/@+")3$+9(23-&)3$+3$'+.',/69.3(+0'+9(29$.3(+

4$+.'.1-&<?(+4.F$-$23$+4()+&23$-.(-$)Z+2()+,-.'$.-()+

3-&3&-P)$P7*+,-(5&5$/'$23$*+4$+4$)/(9&<[$)+.)(/&4&)+

,(-+ '(3.5()+ $:9/0).5&'$23$+ ,-(8)).(2&.)+ $+ 4$+

-$24.'$23(*+ $2M0&23(+ 2(+ 9&)(+ 4()+ 9&T(P5$-4.&2()+

4$5$'()+&4'.3.-+&+;.,\3$)$+4&+.'.1-&<?(+$'+F&'6/.&*+

,-(90-&24(*+ $5$230&/'$23$*+ &/X'+ 4$+ '$/;(-$)+

9(24.<[$)+4$+5.4&+$+4$+3-&T&/;(*+'$/;(-$)+9(24.<[$)+

4$+$409&<?(+,&-&+&)+9-.&2<&)+$+%(5$2)@+A/X'+4$)3&+

9&-&93$-6)3.9&*+ &.24&+ 4$5$'()+ &)).2&/&-+ M0$+ 2()+

1-0,()+$37-.()+$23-$+()+HQ+$+()+JK+&2()+,-$4('.2&'+

&)+ '0/;$-$)@+ ](4&)+ &)+ 4.F$-$2<&)+ $29(23-&4&)+ )?(+

$)3&3.)3.9&'$23$+).12.89&3.5&)@

#$%&'()+&1(-&+)$+&)+-$1.[$)+4$+4$)3.2(*+$'+Y(-301&/*+

)?(+.4C23.9&)+,&-&+&)+4.5$-)&)+(-.1$2)+1$(1-789&)+4()+

.'.1-&23$)+M0$+,-(90-&'+(+2())(+,&6)@

]&'TX'+ &+ &27/.)$+ 9-0>&4&+ 4&)+ 5&-.75$.)+ !^]_+

+ (24$+ -$).4$'+ ()+ .'.1-&23$)+ 9('+ &+ -$),$93.5&+

,-(5$2.C29.&+ 1$(1-789&+ E9F@+ G-789()+ HQ*+ H`+ $+

HaL+ '()3-&+ &+ $:.)3C29.&+ 4$+ 4.F$-$2<&)@+ "2M0&23(+

()+ 9.4&4?()+ 4&+ "0-(,&+ N$23-&/+ $+ 4$+ O$)3$+ )$+

9(29$23-&'+ ,-$4('.2&23$'$23$+ 2&)+ -$1.[$)+ 4(+

A/1&-5$+ $+ 4(+ N$23-(*+ ()+ 9&T(P5$-4.&2()+ ,-$F$-$'*+

4$+ F(-'&+T&)3&23$+ .23$2)&*+&+7-$&+'$3-(,(/.3&2&+4$+

O.)T(&@+V)+.24.5640()+,-(5$2.$23$)+4(+S-&)./*+,(-+)$0+

30-2(*+&.24&+M0$+,-.5./$1.$'+&+ /(9&/.>&<?(+2&+-$1.?(+

4$+ O.)T(&*+ 4.)3-.T0$'P)$+ 4$+ F(-'&+ -&>(&5$/'$23$+

$M0./.T-&4&+$23-$+(+!(-3$*+(+N$23-(+$+(+A/1&-5$@+N('+

$:9$,<?(+ 4&)+ b$1.[$)+ A03\2('&)*+ 2(+ N(23.2$23$+

,(-3010C)*+ (+ A/$23$%(*+ ,&-&+ M0&/M0$-+ 4()+ 1-0,()+

9(2).4$-&4()*+ X+ )$',-$+ &+ -$1.?(+ 9('+ '$2(-+

&3-&93.5.4&4$@+!&30-&/'$23$+M0$+&+$)3$+F&93(+2?(+)$-7+

gráfico 15

Imigrantes da Europa Central e de Leste por NUTS II

33


gráfico 16

Imigrantes do Brasil por NUTS II

gráfico 17

Imigrantes de Cabo Verde por NUTS II


34

&/;$.&+&+T&.:&+4$2).4&4$+$9(2\'.9&+$+,(,0/&9.(2&/+

M0$+9&-&93$-.>&+$)3&+-$1.?(*+9-.&24(*+,-$5.).5$/'$23$+

2$)3$)+ 9.4&4?()*+ &+ .'&1$'+ 4$+ 0'&+ >(2&+ ,(09(+

B.23$-$))&23$D2.

A+ 9(29/0.-+ $)3&+ &27/.)$+ .-$'()+ ,-(9$4$-+ &(+

9-0>&'$23(+ 4&)+ 5&-.75$.)+ !^]_+ + 9('+ &)+ -$1.[$)+

4$+ ,-(5$2.C29.&+ 4()+ .'.1-&23$)+ T$'+ 9('(+ 9('+ ()+

-$),$93.5()+1-0,()+$37-.()+E9F@+c0&4-(+K+$'+&2$:(L@+

")3&+ )623$)$+ ,$-'.3$P2()+ 9(28-'&-+ &)+ 9(29/0)[$)+

(T3.4&)+ &23$-.(-'$23$*+ 4$'(2)3-&24(+ M0$+ 2?(+

$:.)3$'+ 4.F$-$2<&)*+ $'+ 3$-'()+ 4$+ 1-0,()+ $37-.()+

,-$4('.2&23$)*+2&)+!^]_+(24$+'&.)+)$+9(29$23-&'+

()+.'.1-&23$)+$+&+'X4.&+2&9.(2&/*+.24$,$24$23$'$23$+

4&+2&9.(2&/.4&4$+4()+.'.1-&23$)@

4. ConclusõesV+ F$2\'$2(+ 4&)+ '.1-&<[$)*+ $23$24.4(+ 9('(+ 0'+

4()+4$)&8()+4$'(1-789()+4(+)X90/(+dd *+&,-$)$23&+

2&+ &930&/.4&4$+ 0'+ 9(2%023(+ 4$+ 9&-&93$-6)3.9&)+ T$'+

4.)3.23&)+4&)+M0$+9(2;$9$0+2()+4(.)+)X90/()+&23$-.(-$)@+

!$)3$+ 4('62.(*+ 3&'TX'+ &+ ,().<?(+ ,(-3010$)&+ X+

&1(-&+4.5$-)&+4(+9(',(-3&'$23(+3-&4.9.(2&/+4(+,&6)@+

e$)9-.3(+2&+T.T/.(1-&8&+4$+-$F$-C29.&+9('(+0'+,&6)+

4$+$'.1-&<?(*+3$24(+9(23-.T064(+&(+/(21(+4()+)X90/()+

d d+$+dd+,&-&+()+'(5.'$23()+'.1-&3\-.()+=+$)9&/&+

.23$-P9(23.2$23&/+ $+ 9(23.2$23&/*+ Y(-301&/+ X+ ;(%$+ 0'+

,&6)+ 4$+ .'.1-&23$)*+ (24$+ ()+ 9.4&4?()+ $)3-&21$.-()+

9('+$)3&303(+/$1&/+4$+-$).4$23$+%7+-$,-$)$23&'+9$-9&+

4$+Kf+4&+,(,0/&<?(+-$).4$23$+2(+,&6)@+_$10-&'$23$+

M0$+,&-&+$)3&+&/3$-&<?(*+5.)65$/+4$+F(-'&+.2$M065(9&+

&+ ,&-3.-+ 4()+ &2()+ gU+ 4(+ )X90/(+ dd*+ 9(23-.T0.0+ &+

4$'(9-&3.>&<?(+4(+,&6)+T$'+9('(+&+ .23$1-&<?(+2&+

^2.?(+"0-(,$.&*+M0$+ 3C'+5.24(+&+,$-'.3.-+0'+'&.(-+

265$/+4$+4$)$25(/5.'$23(+$+4$+.23$-2&9.(2&/.>&<?(@

")3$+ $)304(+ ,-$/.'.2&-+ -$/&3.5(+ =)+ 9&-&93$-6)3.9&)+

4()+ .'.1-&23$)+ M0$+ )$+ 4$)/(9&'+ ,&-&+ Y(-301&/*+ $+

4&)+ -$),$93.5&)+ 4.F$-$2<&)+ $'+ F02<?(+ 4&)+ -$1.[$)+

(24$+)$+.2)3&/&'*+F(.+-$&/.>&4(*+F024&'$23&/'$23$*+&+

,&-3.-+4()+4&4()+,&-&+(+&2(+4$+IUU`+-$),$.3&23$)+=)+

)(/.9.3&<[$)+4$+-$).4C29.&+2(+,&6)+T$'+9('(+&+,&-3.-+

4&+$)9&))&+.2F(-'&<?(+4.),(265$/+&+,&-3.-+4(+5(/0'$+

4$+ .24.5640()+ 9('+ &03(-.>&<?(+ /$1&/+ 4$+ -$).4C29.&+

2(+&2(+IUUa@+")3&+.2F(-'&<?(+,$-'.3.0P2()+5$-.89&-*+

4$)4$+/(1(*+M0$+()+9.4&4?()+$)3-&21$.-()+M0$+$)3?(+

'&.)+ -$,-$)$23&4()+ 2&+ ,(,0/&<?(+ ,(-3010$)&+ )?(+

(-.024()+ 4&+ "0-(,&+ N$23-&/+ $+ 4$+ O$)3$*+ T$'+ 9('(+

4(+ S-&)./+ $+ 4()+ ,&6)$)+ &F-.9&2()+ 4$+ /6210&+ (89.&/+

,(-3010$)&+ EYAOVYL*+4$)3&9&24(P)$+$23-$+$)3$)+()+

9&T(P5$-4.&2()*+ &21(/&2()+ $+ 10.2$$2)$)@+ ]&'TX'+

4$5$+ )$-+ &)).2&/&4(+ (+ F&93(+ 4$+ 9('$<&-+ &+ 1&2;&-+

$:,-$))?(+(+h0:(+,-(5$2.$23$+4(+9(23.2$23$+&).73.9(*+

,&-3.90/&-'$23$+4&+N;.2&+$+4&+i24.&@+e$+&9(-4(+9('+

&+ T.T/.(1-&8&+ 4$+ -$F$-C29.&*+ 3&'TX'+ 9(2)3&37'()+

M0$+()+.'.1-&23$)+$'+Y(-301&/+)?(+'&.(-.3&-.&'$23$+

;('$2)*+).12.89&3.5&'$23$+'&.)+%(5$2)+E9(29$23-&'P

)$+$23-$+()+IQ+$+()+KR+&2()L+M0$+&+,(,0/&<?(+-$).4$23$+

4$+&9(/;.'$23(+$+/(9&/.>&'P)$+,-$F$-$29.&/'$23$+2&)+

-$1.[$)+4$+O.)T(&+$+4(+A/1&-5$*+ (24$+(+4.2&'.)'(+

$9(2\'.9(+ $+ ,(,0/&9.(2&/+ 3$'+ ).4(+ '&.)+ .23$2)(@+

V+ ,-$4('62.(+ 4$+ ;('$2)+ $+ &+ 9(29$23-&<?(+ $37-.&+

2()+ 1-0,()+ 4$+ .4&4$)+ $23-$+ ()+ IQ+ $+ ()+ KR+ &2()+

5$-.89&P)$+ $'+ 3(4&)+ &)+ !^]_+ + 4(+ 9(23.2$23$*+

M0&24(+9(',&-&'()+&)+9&-&93$-6)3.9&)+j+&+,&-3.-+4&)+

5&-.75$.)+4.),(265$.)+j+4&+,(,0/&<?(+-$).4$23$+9('+

(+9(2%023(+4$+.24.5640()+M0$+)(/.9.3&-&'+&03(-.>&<?(+

,&-&+)$+.2)3&/&-$'+20'+4$3$-'.2&4(+/(9&/@+

"'+ 3$-'()+ 4&)+ 4.F$-$2<&)+ -$1.)3&4&)+ $23-$+

()+ .24.5640()+ ,-(5$2.$23$)+ 4&)+ 4.5$-)&)+ -$1.[$)+

$'.))(-&)+4$+$'.1-&<?(+,&-&+Y(-301&/+ 4$)3&9&'()+

&/10'&)+9&-&93$-6)3.9&)+,-$4('.2&23$)Z

P+"23-$+()+.24.5640()+4&+"0-(,&+N$23-&/+$+4$+O$)3$+

,-$4('.2&'+9/&-&'$23$+()+;('$2)+&(+9(23-7-.(+4(+

M0$+)$+5$-.89&+$'+-$/&<?(+&(+S-&)./+(0+&+N&T(+#$-4$+

(24$+$'+4.5$-)()+1-0,()+$37-.()+)?(+,-$4('.2&23$)+

&)+'0/;$-$)*

P+ V)+ 9&T(P5$-4.&2()+ )?(+ ()+ M0$+ $'.1-&'+ '&.)+

2(5()*+(+M0$+2()+,(4$+/$5&-+&+&4'.3.-+&+;.,\3$)$+4&+

.'.1-&<?(+F&'./.&-*

P+ V)+ 9.4&4?()+ 4&+ "0-(,&+ N$23-&/+ $+ 4$+ O$)3$+

/(9&/.>&'P)$+ ,-$F$-$29.&/'$23$+ 2&)+ -$1.[$)+ !(-3$+

$+ N$23-(+ $2M0&23(+ ()+ 9&T(P5$-4.&2()+ ,-.5./$1.&'+ &+

4$+O.)T(&*+3&/+9('(+()+T-&)./$.-()@+")3$)+k/3.'()+)?(+

()+ M0$+ &,-$)$23&'+ '&.(-+ 4.),$-)?(+ ,$/&)+ 4.5$-)&)+

-$1.[$)+,(-3010$)&)@

V)+ -$)0/3&4()+ &/9&2<&4()+ 2$)3$+ $)304(+

$:,/(-&3\-.(+ '()3-&'*+ -$/&3.5&'$23$+ &()+ (T%$93.5()+

3-&<&4()*+&+$:.)3C29.&+9/&-&+4$+0'+,$-8/+4$3$-'.2&4(*+

2()+ .'.1-&23$)+ M0$+ )$+ 4.-.1$'+ &+ Y(-301&/Z+ 3-&3&P

)$+ '&.(-.3&-.&'$23$+ 4$+ ;('$2)*+ 9('+ .4&4$)+

9(',-$$24.4&)+$23-$+()+IQ+$+()+KR+&2()*+,-(5$2.$23$)+

2 A)+4.F$-$2<&)+&1(-&+&)).2&/&4&)+-$5$/&'P)$+).12.89&3.5&)*+$'+3$-'()+$)3&36)3.9()+ElI+m+U*UUUL@

35


4()+YAOVY+$+4()+,&6)$)+4(+O$)3$+4&+"0-(,&@+!(+9&)(+

4()+ .'.1-&23$)+ (-.024()+ 4()+YAOVY+&)+ -$),$93.5&)+

4$)/(9&<[$)+ ,(4$-P)$P?(+ %0)3.89&-+ ,(-+ -&>[$)+ 4$+

2&30-$>&+ $9(2\'.9&*+ '&)+ 3&'TX'+ ,(-+ '(3.5()+ 4$+

(-4$'+90/30-&/+$+ /.2106)3.9&@+Y(-+(03-(+ /&4(*+2(+9&)(+

4()+ .24.5640()+ (-.1.27-.()+ 4()+ ,&6)$)+ 4(+ O$)3$+ 4&+

"0-(,&+ &4'.3.'()+ M0$+ &+ ,-$F$-C29.&+ ,(-+ Y(-301&/+

2?(+4$5$-7+4$.:&-+4$+$)3&-+-$/&9.(2&4&+9('+(+F&93(+

4$+(+2())(+,&6)+,&-3.9.,&-+2&+^2.?(+"0-(,$.&*+(+M0$+

,(4$-7+,(3$29.&-+&+ .23$1-&<?(+4$)3$)+ .'.1-&23$)+2(+

'$-9&4(+ 4$+ 3-&T&/;(+ 1/(T&/+ 4&+ ^2.?(+ "0-(,$.&@+ !(+

M0$+-$),$.3&+=)+-$1.[$)+4$+&9(/;.'$23(*+$'+Y(-301&/*+

9(29/06'()+ M0$+ &)+ ,-$F$-C29.&)+ 4()+ .'.1-&23$)+ )$+

4.-.1$'+,&-&+&)+-$1.[$)+4&+G-&24$+O.)T(&*+Y$262)0/&+

4$+_$3kT&/+$+4(+A/1&-5$*+(0+)$%&*+,&-&+()+3$--.3\-.()+

M0$+ 3C'+ 5.24(+ &+ -$1.)3&-*+ 2()+ k/3.'()+ &2()*+ '&.(-+

4.2&'.)'(+ $9(2\'.9(+ $+ ,(,0/&9.(2&/@+ A)).'*+ ,&-&+

&/X'+4&)+9(2)$M0C29.&)+&(+265$/+4(+&,-(F024&'$23(+

4&)+&)).'$3-.&)+4$+4$)$25(/5.'$23(+$23-$+&)+-$1.[$)+

$'.))(-&)+ 4$+ 9(23.21$23$)+ '.1-&3\-.()+ $+ ()+ ,&6)$)+

4$+ &9(/;.'$23(+ j+ 4$9(--$23$*+ $23-$+ (03-()*+ 9('(+

5.'()+ &23$-.(-'$23$*+ 4&+ 3$)$+ 4&+ )$/$93.5.4&4$+ 4&)+

'.1-&<[$)+ P*+ ()+ ,-\,-.()+ ,&6)$)+ 4$+ &9(/;.'$23(+

&--.)9&'+ &+ &0'$23&-+ &)+ )0&)+ &)).'$3-.&)+ .23$-2&)*+

&,-(F024&24(+ &)+ 4.F$-$2<&)+ $23-$+ &)+ -$1.[$)+ M0$+

&90'0/&'+ '&.(-$)+ 4.2n'.9&)+ ,(,0/&9.(2&.)+ $+

$9(2\'.9&)+ j+ .23$-2&)+ $+ 4$9(--$23$)+ 4&+ &3-&9<?(+

4$+,(,0/&<[$)+.'.1-&23$)+j+$+&)+-$1.[$)+9('+'$2(-+

capacidade para atrair e reter população e actividade

$9(2\'.9&@

!"#$%&$'()*+*S&--$3(*+A23\2.(+E(-1@L+EHRR`L*+A Situação Social em Portugal,

1960-1995*+ 2)3.303(+4$+N.C29.&)+_(9.&.)*+^2.5$-).4&4$+4$+O.)T(&@+

S(-%&)*+ G$(-1$+ o@+ EHRgaL*+ Self-Selection and the earnings of

immigrants*+A'$-.9&+"9(2('.9+b$5.$p*+_$,3$'T$-*+,,@+QJHPQQJ@

S(-%&)*+G$(-1$+o@+EHRRKL*+The economics of immigration*+o(0-2&/+

(F+"9(2('.9+O.3$-&30-$*+#(/@+ddd *+e$9$'T$-*+,,@+H`àPHaHa@

S(-%&)*+G$(-1$+o@+EHRRRL*+The economic analysis of immigration,

.2+ qr&24T((s+ (F+ O&T(0-+ "9(2('.9)t*+ #(/@+ JA*+ $4.3$4+ Tu+ V-/$u+

A);$2F$/3$-+&24+e&5.4+N&-4*+!(-3;Pr(//&24*+,,@+H`RaPHaÙ@+

N(/$'&2*+e@+EIUUKL@+Facing the 21st Century. New developments,

continuing problems@+v$u2(3$+,-$)$23$4+&3+"0-(,$&2+Y(,0/&3.(2+

w(-0'+IUUK*+G&u$+"-T&30-+xY*+]0-s$u*+HIPHK+o&20&-u+IUUK

w$--?(*+o(?(+EHRR`L*+Três décadas de consolidação do Portugal

!"#$%&'(#) *"# !%+#,*+ .2+ A23\2.(+ S&--$3(+ E(-1@L*+ qA+ _.30&<?(+

_(9.&/+ $'+ Y(-301&/*+ HRÙPHRRQt*+ 2)3.303(+ 4$+ N.C29.&)+ _(9.&.)*+

^2.5$-).4&4$+4$+O.)T(&*+,,Z+H`QPHRU@

G\.)*+Y$4-(W+x&-M0$)*+o()X+N&-/()+EIUUaL*+Estudo prospectivo

-#.%!) /"/$%0+1!-) 2304/'(0 #-) !") 5#%13$04*+ VT)$-5&3\-.(+ 4&+

'.1-&<?(*+AN e *+O.)T(&@

!"+ EIUUgL@+6-1017-1/(0-)8!"#$%&'(0-9):;;<@+O.)T(&*+ 2)3.303(+

!&9.(2&/+4$+")3&36)3.9&@

v&'T0-*+b&5.W+b&,(,(-3*+r.//$/+EIUUJL*+Migration selectivity and

the evolution of spatial inequality+ Eppp@&-3)@9(-2$//@$40y,(5$-3uy

s&2T0-yv&2-&,@,4F+&9$4.4(+$'+Hg+4$+AT-./+4$+IUHUL@

O$+ S-&)*+ r$-5X+ EIUUUL*+ Quel futur pour la population et les

migrations au XXIe siècle ? + .2+z+O$)+9/X)+40+dd e+).{9/$+|*+_$0./*+

}4.3.(2)+^!"_NV*+,,+Z+àPaU@

x&3()*+ N-.)3.2&+ EHRRJL*+ Migrações: decisões individuais e

estruturas sociais*+_VN ^_+~(-s.21+Y&,$-)+2�+Q*+O.)T(&*+ _"G@

VNe"+EIUUgL*+ 23$-2&3.(2&/+x.1-&3.(2+V03/((s*+V"Ne*+Y&-.)@

Y$.:(3(*+ o@+ EHRRgL*+ _electividade Migratória e Dinâmicas

Regionais: as migrações intre-regionais em Portugal nos anos 80,

b$5.)3&+4$+")3&36)3.9&*+J�+c0&4-.'$)3-$*+ !"*+,,@+aJPHHI@+

Y$.:(3(*+ o@+ EIUUKL*+ q+ As teorias explicativas das migrações:

teorias micro e macro sociológicast*+_VN ^_+~(-s.21+,&,$-)*+2�+

HH*+O.)T(&*+ _"G

Y$.:(3(*+ o@+ EIUUgL@+ q=) !"#$%0'0) 0)>#>340?@#) /"/$%0+1!)!")

Portugalt*+F(-3;9('.21+in+x@+w@+O&1$)+$+A@+]$(4(-(+x&3()+E9((-4@L*+

qY(-301&/Z+Y$-90-)()+4$+ 23$-90/30-&/.4&4$t*++E5(/@+ *+O.)T(&*+AN e y

VT)$-5&3\-.(+4&+ '.1-&<?(*+,,Z+aZKgL@

Y!ê+EIUURL*+b$/&3\-.(+4$+e$)$25(/5.'$23(+r0'&2(+IUUR+j+

^/3-&,&))&-+ S&--$.-&)Z+ '(T./.4&4$+ $+ 4$)$25(/5.'$23(+ ;0'&2()*+

Y-(1-&'&+4&)+!&<[$)+^2.4&)+,&-&+(+e$)$25(/5.'$23(*+A/'$4.2&+

"4.3(-&*+N(.'T-&@

Y(/{)$*+ x7-.(+ EHRRgL*+ Economia Regional e Urbana, Lógica

espacial das transformações económicas, Colecção APDR,

A))(9.&<?(+ Y(-3010$)&+ ,&-&+ (+ e$)$25(/5.'$23(+ b$1.(2&/*+

Coimbra, Portugal

_(T(3s&*+ ]@+ EIUUgL@+ The rising importance of migrants for

childbearing in Europe@+ #(/@HR*+ A-3@+ R*+ ,,@+ IIQPIKg+ E;33,Zyyppp@

4$'(1-&,;.9P-$)$&-9;@(-1y5(/0'$)y5(/HRyRyL


36

anexos

gráfico 1

,'&$-$.*/012"31")12$345-$*6"17"895/:'"3'"21;'"1"<')"()9<'"1.=)$'6"17">??@

HM % H % M %

0-4 3231 5,2 1717 4,7 1514 5,9

09/Mai 2681 4,3 1359 3,7 1322 5,2

14/Out 3251 5,2 1703 4,6 1548 6,1

15-19 3114 5 1643 4,5 1471 5,8

20-24 3184 5,1 1270 3,4 1914 7,5

25-29 9468 15,2 5317 14,4 4151 16,3

30-34 10763 17,3 6595 17,9 4168 16,3

35-39 8920 14,3 5649 15,3 3271 12,8

40-44 7161 11,5 4590 12,5 2571 10,1

45-49 5644 9,1 3823 10,4 1821 7,1

50-54 2921 4,7 2007 5,5 914 3,6

55-59 1171 1,9 732 2 439 1,7

60-64 392 0,6 213 0,6 179 0,7

65-69 233 0,4 116 0,3 117 0,5

70+ 198 0,3 86 0,2 112 0,4

Total 62332 100 36820 100 25512 100

Fonte: !"y_"w

gráfico 2

,'&$-$.*/012"31")12$345-$*6"17"895/:'"3'"21;'"1"<')")1($:'"31")12$345-$*"ABCD,"EEF6"17">??@

NUTS II HM % H % M %

Alentejo 4292 6,9 2557 6,9 1735 6,8

Algarve 14238 22,8 8507 23,1 5731 22,5

Centro 13561 21,8 8265 22,4 5296 20,8

Lisboa 16709 26,8 9088 24,7 7621 29,9

Norte 10597 17 6400 17,4 4197 16,5

R. A. Madeira 1913 3,1 1288 3,5 625 2,4

R. A. Açores 1022 1,6 715 1,9 307 1,2

Total 62332 100 36820 100 25512 100

Fonte: !"y_"w

37


gráfico 3

,'&$-$.*/012"31")12$345-$*6"17"895/:'"3'"21;'"1"<')")1($:'"31")12$345-$*"ABCD,"EEEF6"17">??@

NUTS III HM % H % M %

Alentejo Central 1341 2,2 801 2,2 540 2,1

Alentejo Litoral 752 1,2 415 1,1 337 1,3

Algarve 14238 22,8 8507 23,1 5731 22,5

Alto Alentejo 384 0,6 232 0,6 152 0,6

Alto Trás-os-Montes 511 0,8 316 0,9 195 0,8

Ave 827 1,3 486 1,3 341 1,3

Baixo Alentejo 607 1 351 1 256 1

Baixo Mondego 1804 2,9 1054 2,9 750 2,9

Baixo Vouga 2653 4,3 1566 4,3 1087 4,3

Beira Interior Norte 500 0,8 322 0,9 178 0,7

Beira Interior Sul 456 0,7 281 0,8 175 0,7

Cávado 745 1,2 468 1,3 277 1,1

Cova da Beira 210 0,3 131 0,4 79 0,3

Dão-Lafões 906 1,5 558 1,5 348 1,4

Douro 365 0,6 221 0,6 144 0,6

Entre Douro e Vouga 859 1,4 527 1,4 332 1,3

Grande Lisboa 10157 16,3 5543 15,1 4614 18,1

Grande Porto 5981 9,6 3527 9,6 2454 9,6

Lezíria do Tejo 1208 1,9 758 2,1 450 1,8

Médio Tejo 1171 1,9 756 2,1 415 1,6

Minho-Lima 521 0,8 342 0,9 179 0,7

Oeste 2300 3,7 1387 3,8 913 3,6

Península de Setúbal 6552 10,5 3545 9,6 3007 11,8

Pinhal Interior Norte 381 0,6 231 0,6 150 0,6

Pinhal Interior Sul 104 0,2 71 0,2 33 0,1

Pinhal Litoral 2995 4,8 1860 5,1 1135 4,4

Serra da Estrela 81 0,1 48 0,1 33 0,1

Tâmega 788 1,3 513 1,4 275 1,1

R. A. Madeira 1913 3,1 1288 3,5 625 2,4

R. A. Açores 1022 1,6 715 1,9 307 1,2

Total 62332 100 36820 100 25512 100

pirâmides etárias, por nuts ii

figura 1

G'<9&*/:'")12$315.16"<')"21;'"1"()9<'"1.=)$'6"B').16">??@

figura 2

População estrangeira que solicitou estatuto legal, por sexo e grupo

1.=)$'6"B').16">??@


38

figura 3

G'<9&*/:'")12$315.16"<')"21;'"1"()9<'"1.=)$'6"H15.)'6">??@

figura 4


1.=)$'6"H15.)'6">??@

figura 5

G'<9&*/:'")12$315.16"<')"21;'"1"()9<'"1.=)$'6"I$2%'*6">??@

figura 6


1.=)$'6"I$2%'*6">??@

figura 7

G'<9&*/:'")12$315.16"<')"21;'"1"()9<'"1.=)$'6"J&15.1K'6">??@

figura 8


1.=)$'6"J&15.1K'6">??@

pirâmides etárias, por nuts ii (cont.)

39


figura 9

G'<9&*/:'")12$315.16"<')"21;'"1"()9<'"1.=)$'6"J&(*)L16">??@

figura 10


!"#$%&'()*+#, &'-../

quadro 4

Análise cruzada das variáveis Regiões de origem, Regiões de destino e escalão etário, para os cidadãos

01 '2%)$3$!+#+4'+1!%#$5+67 2'8 '# 2$89:3$+' 4'-../

pirâmides etárias, por nuts ii (cont.)

perfil dos imigrantes em portugal: por países de origem e ... · 19 perfil dos imigrantes em...

Documents