integrating biology and new 'omics to guide diet, health
TRANSCRIPT
Daniela Barile Associate Professor
Food Science & Technology [email protected]
Integrating Biology and New 'Omics to Guide
Diet, Health and Agriculture
Twitter: @danibarile Linkedin: daniela barile
Obrigada pela hospitalidade!
Thank you to Dr. Hanada Viotto, Dr. Gigante, Dr. Gonçalves, Dr. Grimaldi, Dr. Riberiro
Marcella Mazzocato Universidade de São Paulo
Camila Robison Universidade do Vale
do Rio dos Sinos
Leticia de Aquino Universidade Federal
Fluminense
Vitor Luiz Melo Universidade Federal
Fluminense
Dr. Neiva de Almeida Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Dr. Carlos Conte Junior Universidade Federal
Fluminense
Dr. Juliana de Moura
Research Agenda • Evolutionary Biology
• “Omics” for discovering new bioactives
• Engineering to scale up isolation
• Functional studies to validate the activity
5
Challenges to Agriculture Feed an increasing world population
9 billion by 2050
The 21st century must nourish 9 billion people AND improve the environment AND be energetically sustainable AND use less water AND lead to healthier outcomes…
Residual side streams from the food industry and agriculture
High levels of organic matter Cause pollution if released in the
environment May still contain Bioactive molecules Potential for re-utilization
Targets for improving health?
Identify bioactive compounds in food waste
Mitigate chronic health conditions deriving from poor dietary habits
Our friends…bacteria
• ~ 1 kg
• 100 trillion
microorganisms in a human body
• ~100 times more than human cells
• Microbiota is an “organ”!
• Rise in inflammatory, infectious, metabolic diseases
• Dysregulation in gastrointestinal microbiota
• Our research is identifying new sources of selective
ingredients that can ameliorate those conditions
Feeding for Health
The intestinal microbiota supports: 1. Systemic immunity 2. Gut homeostasis
Its imbalance may cause: 3. Infection
4. Allergic disease 5. Inflammatory bowel disease 6. Metabolic disease
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Insults to the Microbiota
Broad spectrum antibiotics • Reduce beneficial bacteria and alter balance • Allow proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria
– C. difficile – C. albicans – S. aureus
• Emergence of resistant strains
β 1-4
β 1-6
β 1-4 β 1-3
β 1-3
α 1-3
α 2-6
n
Fu
co
sid
ase
Hexosaminidase
Sia
lida
se
Glc
Gal
GlcNAc
Sialic
acid
Fucose
Indigestible sugars: unique chemical linkages
Beta-galactosidase
SELECTIVELY PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF BENEFICIAL BIFIDOBACTERIA
Translation:
From Breastfed Babies… to Everybody Else?
HUMAN MILK NOT AVAILABLE FOR
MASSIVE EXTRACTION!
..bring this research to practice?
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
x1
06
3530252015105
Colostrum
Milk Day6
Bovine milk oligosaccharides
Retention Time (min)
Inte
nsity
(cps
)
WOULD NEED MASSIVE AMOUNTS !
Are there abundant food sources of these compounds
that are similarly effective? A new target for Agriculture!
90 kg
WHEY
10 kg
CHEESE
100 kg milk
Enzymatic/acid coagulation
Whey still contains about 50%
of milk nutrients Casein + lipids Other proteins, lactose,
mineral salts etc.
Due to the high biochemical oxygen demand (40,000- g/dm3), it cannot be discharged to surface waters or sewage systems
Brazil: >3 million tons/year
Current Whey Utilization Recovery of proteins by ultrafiltration
Whey protein concentrate or whey protein isolates
($$$)
• High lactose • Pollutant • Disposal Costs
Ultrafiltration
w
WHEY
Whey Permeate food
processing stream
ULTRAFILTRATION
New ‘omics: GLYCOMICS
Glycans: Invisible to common spectroscopy Numerous connectivities and branching Need to obtain structure-function information Need High purity samples Need multiple analytical techniques
OO
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
OO
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
Chiral CentersConnection sites
Retention time
ISOMERS
Analytical platform
MALDI-TOF MAXIFLEX Bruker Daltonics
http://barilelab.ucdavis.edu
NANO-LC CHIP Q TOF Agilent Technologies
Increased chromatographic performance
Rapid oligosaccharide identification Co
unts
per
seco
nd (i
nten
sity)
Discovery of Complex Fucosylated Oligosaccharides in cheese whey (mimic human milk)
Bioguided processing Membrane filtration Enzymatic modification Fermentation
Green technologies
Scalable
No requirement for capital investment
Improve dairy sustainability
1 kg of PURE bioactive milk oligosaccharides
Whey Oligosaccharides Functions
Increase beneficial bacteria
(in vitro and anima model)
Decrease pathogenic bacteria
(1st human study)
Restore gut barrier
function (animal model)
Immune system modulation
(in vitro)
Social Impact
Premature infants (necrotizing enterocolitis)
Children in developing countries (chronic diarrhea and kwashiorkor)
Cancer, IBD, HIV patients Animal Health:
reducing disease incidence and antibiotic use in calves
Summary: future bioactive ingredients
• Some milk components act as PREBIOTICS stimulating the growth of selected bifidobacteria (PROBIOTICS)
• Oligosaccharides discovery in dairy streams open new possibilities to bring these components to market
• Demonstrated potential to abate microbial imbalances and within the infant and adult’s gut
34
Industry Side Streams
Analytical discovery of bioactives
Characterization and Q.C.
Functional testing
scale up purification