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1989*

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SovietUnionPoliticalAffairs

USSRCOUNCILOFMINISTERS&OFFICIALS:BIOGRAPHIES,INTERVIEWS

1 9 9 8 0 6 1 6 0 3 9 REPRODUCEDBY U.S.DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCENATIONALTECHNICALNFORMATION ERVICE SPRINGFIELD,VA .22161

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SovietUnion PoliticalAffairsUSSRCOUNCILOFMINISTERSOFFICIALS:BIOGRAPHIES,INTERVIEWS

JPRS-UPA-89-067 ONTENTS2 DECEMBER198918001701 Moscow PR A VITELSTVENNYYVESTNIKinRussianNo14-15,Jul89 pp1 ,2-24;No16 ,Aug89 pp2-3-No17,Aug89 pp2-5 [Seriesofbiographicalsketchesofandinterviews withofficials of th eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,its ministries,statecommitteesandgencies,publishednPR A VITELSTVENNYYVESTNIK:IntroducingheLeadershipofth eCountry:Biographies,Interviews";photographsincludedwitheachbiographyinth eoriginalRussiansource]

IntroductoryCommentaryABALKIN,LeonidIvanovichDeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanofth eStateCommissionofth eUSSRCouncilofMinistersfo rEconomicReformANFIMOV,OlegGrigoriyevichMinisteroftheElectricalEquipmentIndustryandInstrumentMakingBAKATIN,VadimViktorovichMinisterofInternalAffairsBELOUSOV,BorisMikhaylovich " . ' . ' .Ministerofth eDefenseIndustryBELOUSOV,IgorSergeyevichDeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanofth eStateCommissionofth eUSSRCouncilofMinistersBIRYUKOVA,AleksandraPavlovna , " " . ' . ' . ' .DeputyChairmanofth eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanofth eBureauorSocialDevelopmentofth eUSSRCouncilofMinistersBREZHNEV,VladimirArkadiyevich

MinisterofTransportConstructionBYKOV,ValeriyAlekseyevichMinisteroftheUSSRMedicalIndustryCHAZOV,YevgeniyIvanovichMinisterofHealthCHIRSKOV,VladimirGrigoriyevich """"""!!!!I!!"""!!IMinisterofConstructionofPetroleumandGas IndustryEnterprisesDAVLETOVA,LyudmilaYelmatovnaUSSRMinisterDOGUZHIYEV,VitaliyKhusseynovich "!!""""!!!!!!!!!!0DeputyChairmanofth eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheStateCommissionoftheUSSRCouncilofMinistersfo rEmergencies 0 DURASOV,VladimirAleksandrovich ." ' . ' . '". '".1 FirstDeputyChairmanoftheStatePlanning Committee 1 FILIMONOV,LeonidIvanovich 1 Ministerof th ePetroleumandGasIndustry 1 GABRIELYANTS,GrigoriyArkadiyevich '.."."""!!"!"""!.'2MinisterofGeology 2GERASHCHENKO,ViktorVladimirovich ZZZZZZZZ3 Chairmanofth eUSSRStateBank 3 GUSEV,VladimirKuzmich 4DeputyChairmanofth eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanofth eBureauofth eUSSR CouncilofMinistersforth eChemicalandTimberComplex 4ISAYEV,AleksandrSergeyevich 5 ChairmanoftheStateCommitteefo rForestry 5IZRAEL,YuriyAntoniyevich 5 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeforHydrometeorology 5


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JPRS-UPA-89-06712DECEMBER 1989 oliticalAffairsKAMSHALOV,AleksandrIvanovich 6 ChairmanoftheStateCommitteefo rCinematography 6 KATUSHEV,KonstantinFedorovich 7 MinisterofForeignEconomicRelations 7 KIRICHENKO,VadimNikitovich 8 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteefo rStatistics 8 KOKSANOV,IgorVladimirovich 8 MinisteroftheShipbuildingIndustry 8 KOLESNIKOV,Vladislav Grigoriyevich 9 MinisteroftheElectronicsIndustry 9 KOLPAKOV,SerafimVasilyevich 9 MinisterofMetallurgicalIndustry 9 KONAREV,NikolaySemenovich 0 MinisterofCommunications 0 KONOVALOV,VitaliyFedorovich 2 MinisterofAtomicEnergyandIndustry 2 KOTLYAR,NikolayIsaakovich 2 Ministerofth eFishIndustry 2 KRYUCHKOV,VladimirAleksandrovich 3

ChairmanoftheCommitteefo rStateSecurity(KGB) 3 LAVEROV,NikolayPavlovich 5 DeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheStateCommitteefo rScienceandTechnology 5 LEMAYEV,NikolayVasilyevich 6 MinisteroftheChemicalandOilRefiningIndustry 6 MALYSHEV,VadimMikhaylovich 7 ChairmanoftheStateCommitteeforSupervision ofSafeWorkingPracticesinIndustryandNuclearIndustry 7 MASLYUKOV,YuriyDmitriyevich 8 FirstDeputyChairmanofth eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanofth eUSSR Gosplan 8 MELNIKOV,VladimirIvanovich 9 MinisteroftheTimberIndustry 9 MIKHALCHENKO,AleksandrIvanovich 0 MinisterofInstallationandSpecialConstructionWork 0 MOSTOVOY,PavelIvanovich 1Deputyhairmanfhe USSRouncil ofinisters, ChairmanfheSS R StateCommitteeforSupply 1NENASHEV,MikhailFedorovich 2 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeforTelevisionandRadioBroadcasting 2 NIKITIN,VladilenValentinovich 3 First Deputy Chairman ofhe USSR Council ofinisters, Chairman ofhe StateCommissiononFoodandProcurements 3 PANICHEV,NikolayAleksandrovich 4 MinisteroftheMachine ToolandToolBuildingIndustry 4 PAVLOV,ValentinSergeyevich 4 MinisterofFinance 4 PERVYSHIN,ErlenKirikovich 5 MinisterofCommunications 5 PUGIN,NikolayAndreyevich 6 USSRMinisterofAutomotiveandAgriculturalMachineBuilding 6 RUSAK,NikolayIvanovich 7 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeforPhysicalCultureandSports 7 RYABEV,Le vDmitriyevich 8 DeputyChairmanofth eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanofth eBureauoftheUSSRCouncilofMinistersforth eFuelandEnergyComlex 8 RYZHKOV,NikolayIvanovich 9 ChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters 9 SEMENOV,YuriyKuzmich 9 MinisterofPowerandElectrification 9


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JPRS-UPA-89-067 12DECEMBER1989 oliticalAffairsSENCHAGOV,VyacheslavKonstantinovich 0 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeon Prices 0 SEROV,ValeriyMikhaylovich 2

Chairmanofth eStateConstructionCommittee 2 SHCHADOV,MikhailIvanovich 2 Ministerof th eCoalIndustry 2 SHCHERBAKOV,VladimirIvanovich 3 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteefo rLaborandSocialProblems 3 SHEVARDNADZE,EduardAmvrosiyevich 4 MinisterofForeignAffairs 4 SHIMKO,VladimirIvanovich 6 Ministerofth eRadioIndustry 6 SHISHKIN,OlegNikolayevich 7 MinisterofGeneralMachineBuilding 7 SHKABARDNYA,MikhailSergeyevich 7 AdministratorofAffairs,CouncilofMinisters 7 SILAYEV,IvanStepanovich 8 DeputyChairmanofth eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheBureauofth eUSSRCouncilofMinistersfo rMachineBuilding 8 SYCHEV,ValeriyVasilyevich 9 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeforQualityControlandStandards 9 SYSTSOV,ApollonSergeyevich 0 Ministerofth eUSSRAviationIndustry 0 TEREKH,KondratZigmundovich 0 MinisterofTrade 0 TOLSTYKH,BorisLeontyevich 1Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeforComputerTechnologyandInformationScience 1 VELICHKO,VladimirMakarovich 2 MinisterofHeavyMachineBuilding 2 VOLKOV,Aleksandr Nikitovich 3 MinisterofCivilAviation 3 VOLMER,YuriyMikhaylovich 3 USSRMinisterofth eMaritimeFleet 3 VORONIN,Le vAlekseyevich 4 FirstDeputyChairmanofth eUSSRCouncilofMinisters 4 VORONTSOV,NikolayNikolayevich 5 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeforProtectionofth eEnvironment 5 YAGODIN,GennadiyAlekseyevich 7 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteeforPublicEducation 7 YAKOVLEV,VeniaminFedorovich 8 MinisterofJustice 8 YAZOV,DmitiryTimofeyevich 9 MinisterofDefense 9 YEFIMOV,NikolayIvanovich 9 Chairmanofth eStateCommitteefo rthePress 9

FuturePublicationofBookContainingTheseMaterials 0


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JPRS-UPA-89 - 0 6 7 1 2DECEMBER 1989 USSR COUNCIL OFMINISTERSOFFICIALS:BIOGRAPHIES ,INTERVIEWS 18001701 MoscowPRAVITELSTVENNYYVESTNIKin RussianNo14-15,Ju l89 pp1 ,2-24;No16,Aug 89 pp 2-3;No17 ,Aug 89 pp 2-5 [Seriesofbiographicalketchesofan dnterviewswithofficialsof theUSSRCouncilofMinisters,its ministries,statecommitteesan dagencies,publishedinPRAVITEL-STVENNYYVESTNIK:IntroducingtheLeadershipoftheountry:iographies,nterviews";hotographsincludedithac hiographynheriginalussiansource]IntroductoryCommentary[Text] governmentf ewompositionasee nformedon thewholean dha sstartedits work.MillionsofSovietpeoplewitnessedan ddirectlypartici-patedintheprocessofconfirmationofcandidatesto thepositionsinsupremestateorgans.Itwa sprobably th efirsttimen urhistoryhathe rocessestedn irm democraticfoundation an d proceeded inan atmosphere ofopennessandbroadglasnost.Th ecandidatesfacedheavyodds.Thereweredozensofquestions,sharpcriticismoftheirprogramsan danexchangeofopinionwithoutface-saving.Th eheadof thegovernmentaddressedthePeople'sDep-utiesmorethan7 0 0timestoexplainhispositionan dto answerquestions.Th emembersof thefuturecabinetalsogaveafullaccountoftheirpastactivitiesan dtheirplans.Whatdidthediscussionbringtolight? Th espotlightwa spu ton th eabilitytotakeresolutesteps,takeareoftheworkingpeople'snterests,hownovelapproachesoolveheroblemsacedyespectiveindustriesan dmanagementstructures.Th edeputiestookparticularnterestnhewayso ea lwithocialnd ecologicalproblems,workingpeople'smateriallivingcon-ditions,attitudeto theeconomicreformsan d th e practicalstepstomplementit.A ndbesideswhetheracandidateca nranscendepartmentalnterestsndvaluatehe achievedresultsfromthepositionofastatesmanndapublicfigure...It should be mentioned outright that thosecandidates wh oreferredto thetraditional,volumeindicescu taverypoorimageagainstthebackdropofsuchhighdemands,whentheyinvokedthepercentages ofplanfulfillment,objective reasonsoxplainwayhortcomingsndailuresnd demandeddditionalaterialsndesources...ninstanceswhenuc houtdatedategoriesprevailed,he deputiesmadeaharshjudgmentofrefusingto givecandi-datestheirconfidence.Th egovernmentha sno w6 0members.Whatca non esa yaboutthosepeople?Th etraitsthattheypossessincludeahighlevelof expertise,alonglengthof practicalworkin high-levelobsnifferentranchesfheationaleconomy,abroadlookattheincipientproblemsan dthesearchfo rth emostrationalwaystotacklethem.

Specialmentionshould be madeofarealistic platformfo rfuturection.ellememberheake-it-or-leavetdemandsmadebymanyPeople'sDeputiestoacceleratetheolutionofsocialproblems,mprovehecologicalsituationsarlysossible,ettisonhemethodsofadministrativecommand inmanagement an demploy eco-nomicevers.uc hpeechesroughtpontaneousapplause.A soberanalysis revealed,however,ho w ground-lessweresomeoftheproposals, factlatercommenteduponbyheeputieshemselvesnheirapacitysmembersofrespectivecommitteesan dcommissions.In aword, thenew government's programwa skeynotedby realisticctionndealisticplans.Eachandidateon -ciselyormulatedisrerplatformnrontfhe People'sDeputies.ignificanthangeswerentroducedthere during an all-round discussion.Thereisevery reasonto saythatthe feedback from the peopleto th e governmenthasfinallybeenrestored,since the wishesexpressedby theDeputiesreflectedtheopinionofthepeoplewhoelectedthem.TheDeputiesinvariablywelcomedacriticalexamination ofthetateofaffairs, desiretoaccomplish rationalstructuraloverhaulan dto employeconomicalmethodsofworkbothattheevelofenterprises(concerns,ssocia-tions,an dleasingcollectives)an din thebranchheadquar- ters.Thechairmenoftwostatecommitteesfor cinema-tographyndorhe ressevenpokef ossibledissolutionfhegencieshe yea dniewfhe strengtheningof th ecorelink.Theresnothermportanteatureharacterizingew membersofgovernment.Allofthemrehepeopleofperestroyka,pu tahead by it.Suffice to say,only10 peoplekeptleadingpositionsou t of thepreviouscabinet of 19 8 4 .Statetewardshipasakenyheeoplehoav ealreadyprovedtheirmettle,thosewh oactivelyadvocatean dpromotesweepingchangesintheeconomyandsociallife.Theaverageage is56 ,an dfiveofthemar eunder50 .Theemainingvacancies rehoseoftheFirstDeputy Chairman of theUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairman oftheUSSRStateCommissionoftheUSSRCouncilofMinistersfo rFoodan dProcurements;DeputyChairmanof theUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanof theStateForeignEconomicCommissionoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters;USSR MinisterofCommunication,USSR Min-isterofWaterConservation,USSRMinisterofOi lnd GasIndustry,USSRMinisterof Culture,USSRMinisterofTimberIndustry,ChairmanoftheStateCommittee fo rPrices,hairmanfheSS Rtateommitteeor NatureProtection,ChairmanoftheUSSRStateCom-mitteefo rPhysicalCulturean dSport,ndChairmanoftheUSSRStateBank.Thegovernmenthasalwaysconsultedmen ofsciencean dreliedonscientists'ecommendations.Suchreliancehasbeenreinforcedmanifoldan dsolidifiedorganizationally now.Indeed,the cabinetincludes sevenAcademicians an dCorrespondingMembersoftheUSSRAcademyofSci-ences,1DoctorsofScience.Eachof themha shisor he r


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JPRS-UPA-89 -067 1 2DECEMBER1989ow nchoolhatsapableofenrichingtheeadership'spracticalworkwithnewtheoriesan dnewideas...Th egovernmentreceivedamandateof confidencefrom thepeople.A ndhismandatehasobevalidatedno wthroughpracticalaction.ABALKIN,LeonidIvanovich

DeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCounci lofMinisters,ChairmanoftheStateCommissionoftheUSSRCouncilof Ministersfo rEconomicReform [Text]or nn9 3 0 .ussian.emberofhePSU.Graduatedro mheoscownstitutefationalEconomyimeniG.V.Plekhanov.Academician,memberofheresidiumfheSSRcademyfSciences.Worked as ateacher,chaired the political economy depart-ment theMINEmeniG.V.lekhanovnd the AcademyfSocialciencesnderhePS UentralCommittee.Directorof theInstituteof EconomicsoftheUSSRAcademyofSciencessince9 8 6 .[Question]LeonidIvanovich,iltappearsthatfo rthefirsttimever,nconomicscholarofworldenownas joinedthePresidiumoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters.Thiswillundoubtedlyexpeditethepracticalimplementa- tionofthedeaspu torwardbyheovietconomic school.Butyo upersonallyar eexpectedtopullatremen-dousorganizationaleffortan ddevelopne wapproachesto work.Doyo uhaveanypreliminaryideasaboutth eformsofworkobeonductedbyheCommissionhatou head?[Abalkin]Thankyo ufo rthecompliment.ButIrealizeall to owellthatalonerisnofighter.Therefore,Iintendto rallythebestscientificforcesnthecountryaroundtheStateCommissionfo rEconomicReform,couplingtheorywithpractice.We ar ecurrentlystudyingthedirectionsan dmethodsofworktobeollowedbyth eCommission,bu toomanythingsemainncleartill.heainobilleoformulate clear-cutpositions,decisions ofprinciple gearedtowardsthe laborationndmplementationoftheco -nomicreformstrategy.Itishardtocoordinate immediatemeasuresan dtoharmonizetherestructuringof theplan-ning,financialan dloanmechanism,wholesaletradean dpricesintheprocessofperestroykawithoutawell-definedconcept.Thereisno doubtthatwiththepresentsituationbeingacute,agreatmanyoftheeverydayproblemswillhaveto be tackled.Hard-pressed for time,wehaveto reactswiftlytotheprocessesshaping up intheeconomy.One ofthemostchallengingtasksfacedbythecommissionisto dovetailheormulationftrategicirectionsthe currenttageofheeformoheolutionof greatnumberofimmediatequestions.[Question]Are people inthe management system qualifiedenoughtograspne weconomicideas?[Abalkin]Ingeneral,theyar enot.Themajorityofman-agersdono tpossessheequiredconomicnowledge,

especiallyp-to-date.he yackconomiculture.ehaveno tlearnedye thowto thinkintermsof themarket,wholesalerade,ndinancialevers.esides,anyleadershave dearthoftheequiredknowledgeofeco-nomicccountability.herefore,heommissionill focusnherainingfanagerialersonnelnd upgradingtheirskills.We havetodecideon themeasures tomproverasticallyheor kfhecademyfNationalEconomy,an donitspossiblerestructuring.[Question]On emorequestioninthisconnection.Ca nthesystemfmanagementas snbjectiveudgmentneconomicscholars'ecommendations?Theserecommen-dationscaninfringeon theinterestsof thesystemitself.[Abalkin]Itis thefunction of the state an dpoliticalleaderstoevaluatetherecommendationsmadebyeconomicsci-ence.Iwouldliketoemphasizeinthisregardtheneedto clearlydistinguishthefunctionsperformedbythestateineconomicmanagementan dbyeconomicmanagers.tisthestatestewardshipplacedabovetheregional,provincialan ddepartmentalintereststhatiscapableofexpressingthegeneralneedsofeconomicprogressan dtoshedpettyan degotisticalinterests.Astothe newideas,theyar ealwayshardtoevaluate.We knowal ltoowellthatevenscience,whichismarkedby quiteabi tof inertia,sometimesfailstograspnewideasan devaluatethemcorrectly.[Question]stproperthenoas kthegoverningbodywithputtingorwardproposalsnmprovingmanage-ment?[Abalkin]hats roblem.ehouldistinguishbetweenproposalformulationandimplementation,how-ever.Thedecisionmakingshouldrestwiththosewh oar eno tboundbynarrowoalsndnterests.tsogical,therefore,thateachmanagementunitcannotmakedeci-sions aboutrestructuringits ow nwork.This isthe functionoftheegislativeower.uttsssentialoworknproposalsndoee phe meady.ts atterfprincipletohaveageneralconceptofimprovingmanage-mentan danoverallreformstrategy.Thenwecanmake an yspecificdecisionon anyparticularissuematchgenerallogic.[Question]ouav elwaysdvocatedlternativesnworkingnmportantconomicdecisionsnd broadpublicdebate ntheprojects.Howar eyouplanningto implementsuchanapproachinpracticaltermsnowthatyouar evestedwiththeauthorityofpower?[Abalkin]Itisnecessarytoformulatean dcomparealter-nativestheegislativeevelirstofall. hinkhisprocesswilldevelop t as tclip.Publicorganizations,deputiesndllhosenjoyingheoweronitiatelegislaturewillcomeupwithvariousproposalsandalter-natives.Ou rpressiscapableofdoingquiteafewthingsduringthenationwidedebateondifferentlawsandotherstateacts.Butheormulationofalternativessno t elf-servingend.Seriousworkshouldno tbecomeplay.tisnothing


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JPRS-UPA-89 - 0 6 71 2 DECEMBER 1989 butameansof findingthemostrationaldecisionwhichmustbehenlynenheinalountndhemosteffectiveone,ifpossible.A ndheas thing.eno wheproverbialuestion:"Who ar e th e judges?"It isimportant no t justto formulate alternatives,utoebleandhisser yhardodotopickupthemostensibleone.Thisrequiresthehighestrofessionalkills,tatesmanshipndenuinecivicduty.ANFIMOV,OlegGrigoriyevich MinisteroftheElectricalEquipmentIndustryan dInstrumentMaking[Text]Bornin9 3 7 .Russian.GraduatedfromtheRigaPolytecnhicalInstitutewithadegreeinelectromechanicalengineering.MemberoftheCPSU.HiscareerpathattheRigalectricalachine-buildinglantncludedllstagesfrom afittertoadirector.HeldPartypositions,includingthatoftheRigaGorkomPartySecretarynd Secretaryofth eCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofLatvia.MinisteroftheUSSRElectricalEquip- mentIndustrysince 9 8 6 .[Question]Oleg Grigoriyevich,did yo uadmitapossibility oftheSuprmeSovietturningdownyourcandidature? Ifyo udid,whatdidyo uintend to do ?[Anfimov]My comradesaskedmeth esamequestion,too.Itwould have been a difficultperiod in my life,butI wouldhaveattributedth edecisiononlytomyself.Iwouldhavedrawn onclusionndwouldhavetaken jobnmy lineeither asan electricalengineerorasan economist.[Question]Whatwasthemostdifficultthingduringthenominationprocedure? [Anfimov]Ithinkitwasapsychologicalmoment.Iha d to takemanyexamsin mylife,bu tthaton ewastheworstofthemall.[Question]Don'tyo uthinkthataMinister'spositionhaslostsomeofits luretoday? [Anfimov]On thecontrary.Th eprocedureofnominationbytheSupremeSovietnhancestsprestige,makingtmoremeaningfulthanbefore,ifyo uwill.[Question]Whatshortcomings ofthe previous governmentca nyo umentionan d what do yo uthinkthe ne w cabinet ofministersshouldfocuson?[Anfimov]Th epreviousgovernmentswereakenwa ywithroutinean dproduced alo tofresolutions.Theywereno talwaysenforced.We shouldshedsuchstyleresolutely. Ibelievethatthe governmentshouldpa ymoreattention to ane weconomicmechanism.Itexistsonpaper,bu tdoesno tdo much.O ur economyis"rejectionist"atthisstage,withmostofthedirectorsejectingordersatherhanchasingthem.[Question]Whatar eyourminimuman dmaximumpro-grams?

[Anfimov]ype treamsboutheewconomicmechanismgoingintohighgearan dembracingscientific an dtechnicalprogress.Iam nevertiredofrepeatingthatsomeourcesrexhaustible,om ehavebeendepletedan dcientificndechnicalprogressemainshenlyinexhaustibleone.Whateverthename,llprogramsar evaluable onlywhentheypromote progress,forwardmove-ment.[Question]Wealllookintoth efuture.Don'tyouthinkthattherewillbe no needfo ryourministryon eday?[Anfimov]Wh ynot?Ithinkthisshouldbethecase.Itisanotherthingthatthiscannotbe done byaresolution.Weneedtheprerequisites.Astheyemerge,certainfunctionsperformedbytheministrywillbecomedefunct.A ndtheministrytselfma ydisappearhen.Byheway,trongcollectivesnjoyingighlyrganizedroductionavestartedtodivorcethemselvesfromou rministry.Wehaveabout3 0suchenterprisesasof today.Ne w processeshavestartedalready,asyoucansee...[Question]Aministercanlosehisjobthisway..[Anfimov]Ofcoursehean.Bu tightno wworkakesvirtuallyallmy time.BAKATIN,VadimViktorovich

Ministerof InternalAffairs[Text]or nn9 3 7 .ussian.raduatedro mhe NovosibirskCivilEngineeringInstitutean dtheAcademyofSocialSciencesundertheCPSUCentralCommittee.Workednonstructioneamss uperintendent,departmenthead,administrationhead,chief engineerofahouseconstructioncombine.PerformedPartyworkasasectionhead,SecretaryoftheKemerovoCPSUObkom,Inspector of theCPSUCentralCommittee,FirstSecretaryofheirovartybkom,irstecretaryfhe KemerovoPS Ubkom.SSRinisterfnternalAffairssince9 8 8 .MemberoftheCPSUCentralCom-mittee.[Question]Peoplere larmed ve rheawndordersituation,rising crime.How ca n this trendbe arrestedan dthesituationimproved?Whatimmediatestepsar ebeingtakenno wan dwhatwillbe doneinthenearfuture?[Bakatin]tsru eha theituationemainsritical.Crimedynamics,nature an dstructure ar e characterizedby extremely negativetrends.Its rate of increase remains veryhigh.Atotalof1 .1millioncrimeshavebeenregisteredinthefirsthalf-year,including7 0thousand gravecrimes.Thegrowths2.1nd9 .9percent,espectively,ve rhe same period lastyear.Thenature an dstructure ofcrimeismarkedyxcessiveggressivenessndrutality,nincreasein mercenary,gangan d organizedcrime.Conflictsbetweenethnicgroupshavebecomeaggravatedinsome partsofthecountry.Thecrimeituationreflectsthecrisesafflictingtheco-nomicndocialife,swellsheomplicatednd


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JPRS-UPA-89 -067 1 2DECEMBER1989 contradictorynatureof therenovationprocesses.Thelaw enforcementbodies have unfortunately failed toanticipatethenon-uniformity of thesephenomenaan dprocesses,to comeupwithneutralizingegalctionndespondothempromptly.Th elegalfoundationdidno tprovetobe completelyadequateto fightthesene welementsofcrimeefficiently.Th esituationcallsfo rabettercoordinated an dorganizedworkbyalllawenforcementbodies,longwithabroadideologicalan dsocialsupportfo rtheactiontakenbythelaw enforcementforces.Asits to ppriority,theMVD shouldstepupth eworkofmilitiandnvestigativebodiesnuc hos tressingareasofcrime bustingas prevention,operativeinquiryan dinvestigation.Weshoulddisplayneitherconfusionno rashadefiberalismnnterdictingny ,ndspeciallyviciousanti-socialinfringements,lawviolationsthatposeathreattopublicafety, itizens'sightsndegitimateinterests.Thesedemandshavebeenpu torwardbytheParty,thepeoplean dtheSovietgovernment.Urgenteffortshavebeendoubledtofightorganizedan dstreetcrime,aggravatedassaultan dthefts.Fightagainstpilfering,bribe-takingan dprofiteeringfromshortagesisbeingintensified.Proceedingshavebeentartedagainst70 , 000 people,includingcriminalproceedingagainstover30 ,000 people,fo rspeculation.Militia'soperativeinquiryunitsan dtheinvestigativeapparatus ar ebeingreinforced.Theirjointactioninto ppriorityareasisbecomingmorepurposeful.Aresoluteen disbeingpu ttothetendencytoplayitsafean doimiditywhenpplyingegitimateanctionsnd preventivemeasures.Arrestsan dputtingthesuspectsincamerahaveincreasedby25percentinom eareasan dregions.Confidenceinmilitiaca nberestoredthroughanhonest,dedicated,ctivendffectiveightgainstrime.Th emilitiashouldwinthesupportoftheworkingpeoplean dthepubliceverywhere.Th eurgentcrimebustingmeasuresshouldbebackedup withmoreresources,materialan dtechnicalsupplies.Onecannotvoidpendingmoneyhere.Adrasticechnicalre-equipmentofmilitiashouldtakeplace.[Question]Howdoyo uhink neanombineurtherdemocratizationonhenehandndtrongerawnd ordermeasuresan ddiscipline ontheother?[Bakatin]Icannotunderstandthequestionpu tthisway.Greaterdemocracyisjustimpossiblewithouttighterdis-cipline.Thisis takenfo r granted.These ar ethekeyaspectsinestructuringurociety.heyrenalienablynd organicallyconnected.Democracy isno tfeasible without aconscientiousdisciplinean dstrongerlawenforcement.Attemptstoresolveproblemsbyforcethathaveintensi-fiedinsomepartsof thecountryhavenothingtodo withdemocracy.Tensions betweenethnic groupsar erisingan dthefoundation ofpublicsafetyisundermined.Wewitness

massisordersn argercale, argerumberfvictims,moreviolencean dprovocations.Allthisendan- gershumanlifeinthefirstplace.Itunderminestheideasan dprinciplesofperestroykandoftheaw-governedstate.Forcecanan dshouldbe usedagainstlawlessnessan dviolence.Bu tthisshouldbetheforcebasedon law,willofthepeople,theforceupholdingdemocracy.BELOUSOV,Bori sMikhaylovich

MinisteroftheDefenseIndustry [Text]or nn934 .ussian.raduatedro mhe TaganrogRadioTechnicalInstitutewithadegreeinelec-tronicengineering.Memberof theCPSU.Workedatthegeneralachine-buildingnterpisesnzhevsk.as departmentheadattheUdmurCPSU Obkom,director ofthezhevskmechanicalplant,Deputy,ndUSSRFirstDeputyMinisterof Defense,USSRMinisterofMachineBuilding.[Question]BorisMikhaylovich,thenameofyour ministryisself-explanatory.Butarmsmanufacturingleadstolow pensions,npaidebtsnrozenoans,hortagesfhousing,rugs,ood...WhilepresentingheprogramofprovidingtheUSSRArmedForceswithmodernmilitary gearoheUSSRSupremeSoviet,ouhighlightedhe principle ofreasonable sufficiecy.Ho wdo youinterpretit? [Belousov]Everyonehoulddohisorhe rjo bwell.Our goalistoprovidetroopswitheverythingnecessaryfo raspecificstageofou rdefensedoctrine.Butwehavebeenreturningpartofthebudgetmeans llocatedorrma-mentsnlearlynonmilitarygoods,ro marsophotocameras.[Question]Whatshe egreeofyourparticipationnconversion? [Belousov]Thisincludes thedevelopmentan dproductionofassemblylinesto processlivestock an d poultry,make ice cream,ansswellshequipmentorheightnd nonalcoholicndustries,beerbreweries,manufactureofrefrigeratingunits.Withoutloweringthearmamentchar-acteristics,wehalleducehehareofproductionofspecialmachineryfrom65to4 0percentinthenextfew years.Theroubleshaturconomyasee nrtificiallypartitionedntoelf-containedpheresordecadesthemilitaryan dcivilianones.Thefirstwasgivenall thebestas arule,whilethelatterreceivedwhatremained.Conver-sionwillbringdownhesepartitionsomutualbenefit.Ourndustrysoproduce .4billionubles'worthofnonfoodonsumertemsby9 9 0ndeachnverallvolumeof11 .34billionrubles.


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JPRS-UPA-89 - 0 6 712DECEMBER1989 BELOUSOV,IgorSergeyevich

DeputyChairmanof theUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheStateCommissionoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters

[Text]Bornin192 8 .Russian.Graduatedfrom theLenin-gradShip-Buildingnstitutewith degreenhipngi-neering.Startedworkas asuperintendent,shopmanager,chief engineerattheS.Ordzhonikidze Balticplant,chiefengineerat the Admiraltyplant,then Deputy,FirstDeputyandheSS RMinisterfhip-Building.eputyChairmanof th e USSR CouncilofMinisters,Chairman ofthestateCommissionoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisterssince 9 8 8 .Memberof theCPSUCentralCommittee.[Question]ouea dheountry'silitary-industrialcomplex,whoseworkha sbeenpracticallyunderwrapsbefore.Can yo udescribeth e mainlinesofits workan d thetasksitisdealingwith? [Belousov]heilitary-industrialomplexasee ntaskedirstofal lobuildor ,ndprovideheUSSRArmedForceswithup-to-datetypesofarmsan dmilitaryhardware,onaparwithworldstandards.Thatiswh ythecomplex'scientificndroductionotentialhouldenablecientists,esigners,echnicalpecialists,ndworkersengagedindefenseindustriesto promptlymasternewinesfciencendechnology.urffortsre channeledinthatdirection.Atthesametime,thedefensecomplexisamajorsupplierofnon-militarygoodsorhenationalconomy,whichaccountsfo rover4 0percentofoveralloutput.Th ecom-plexmanufactureson efourthof thecountry'sconsumergoods,an dthemostsophisticatedatthat.Asmuchas6 0 percentof th edefenseindustrycapacitieswillbe engagedintheoutputofeconomican dconsumergoodsby9 9 5 .Workisunderwaytobuildan dmanufacturethesystemsofmachineryan dtechnologicalequipmentfo ragroprom,lightindustryan dtrade.[Question]Th eCongressofPeople'sdeputiesskedthegovernmentolaboratentilhendfhisea rprogramfonvertingheefensendustry.hatmethodsan dapproachesunderlineit? [Belousov]noinghi sork,eroceedro mhe premiseofaccomplishingtheconversionan dpreservation ofthemaximumproductioncapacitiesatdefenseenter-priseswhichwillbe usedfo rcivilian production.Besides,theconversionshouldtakeplacewithoutsuspendingpro-ductionand,inadditiontosolvingproductionan dtech-nologicaltasks,settlesocialissuesofretrainingspecialists an dpreservingheam ealaryevelsndnterprises'respectivefunds.[Question]on'touhinkhatffiliationithhe defensecomplexservesasakindofshieldagainstdemo-craticprocedures?Don'tyo uthinkthatyo umighthavebeennbetterhapeomparedwithyourolleaguesncharge of respectivebranches of thenationaleconomy,theshortcomings ofwhichare muchinthepubliceye?But thedefensecomplex has its ow nfailures,ifwe recallthe recent

accidentswithnuclearubmarinesndirplanes.Whatcausedtheman dhowcanyo uguaranteeenhancedsafetyofmilitarytechnology? [Belousov]ndererestroykandlasnost,ffiliation withhemilitary-industrialomplexannotervesshield against democratic procedures,an dtheproofof thisliesinthediscussionof governmentcandidatesbycom-mittees,ommissionsndheessionftheupreme Sovietitself.Ithink thatwe ar e held more responsiblefo rthe shortcom-ingsinthedefensecomplex,sincethisworkinvolvesou rstate'security.heefenseomplexaslwaysbeenhallmarked by ahighsenseof responsibility forthequalityofworkdone.Thesequestionsbecomeevenmoreimpor-tantinconditionsofglasnost.Astotherecentnuclearsubmarineaccidents,athoroughscrutinyof their causesisunderway.Itisessentialno t justfo rmakingmendmentsnbuildingnewshipsnd ir- planesbu tn singhosenommission.Weneedoreviewomprehensivelyheproblemofseaescuend makeproposalsondesigningnewtechnicalrescuefacili-ties.Suchworkhasstarted.[Question]Defenseworksunthinkablewithout highlevelofdisciplinean dresponsibility.Whatdoyouthinkshouldbedoneoightendiscipline,aiseheeveloforganizationan d responsibility inthenationaleconomy ingeneral?[Belousov] monvincedthathemainthingisworkwithpeople,ho wtomotivatepeopletoraisetheirskillsan denhancetheirinterestintheresultsofwork,instillingthemithatrioticpirit.an yhortcomingspringeitherro mowkills rromndifferencenhejob.Definitely,raditionallyhehigherdemandswepu t nthoseworking at ou r enterprisesremovesslacktoa certainextent.But we alsoinstitutedspecialtrainingprograms fo rworkers,whichar efollowedbycertificationto givethem therighttoperformcertaintechnologicaloperations.Wear e payingmostseriousattention to creatingconditionsfo rproductive workofhighquality:we gradepeopleon theirjobs,equipan dexpandthenetworkoffactoryvocationalschoolsan dtechnicums.Ithinkthisshouldbecomepartan d parceloforganizing production atthe enterprisesin all branchesofthenationaleconomy.BIRYUKOVA,AleksandraPavlovna

DeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheBureaufo rSocialDevelopmentof theUSSRCouncilof Ministers[Text]or nn92 9 .ussian.raduatedro mhe MoscowTextileInstitutewithadegreeintechnicalengi-neering.Coveredtheroadfromasuperintendenttothechief engineer of the"TrekhgornayaManafaktura" millat thenterprisesoftheightndustry.Secretary,DeputyChairmanoftheAUCTUfo r17 yearssince9 6 8 .Secre-taryofthe CPSU CentralCommittee.Deputy ChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheBureaufo rSocialDevelopment of theUSSRCouncil ofMinisters


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JPRS-UPA-89 -067 1 2DECEMBER 1989sinceOctoberlastyear.CandidateMembertothePolit- burofhePS Uentralommittee,eputyohe RSFSRSupremeSoviet.[Question]Th eocialprogrampu torwardbyheew USSRgovernmentcameunderscrutinyatheCongressan dheUSSRSupremeSoviet.Didheommentsnd proposalsmadeby Deputiesaffectth eplanofactionto be takenby th e governmentan dtheBureaufo rSocialDevel-opmentasitsstandingbody?[Biryukova] Iwouldlike to clarifyfromthevery beginningthattheDeputiesendorsedtheprincipal guidelinesfo rthestate'ssocialpolicies.Attheam etime,peeches ttheCongress naturally made us reappraise the degree ofacute-nessof someoftheproblems,specifytheirprioritiesan dsolutions.Th emainconclusionthatwedrewreferstotheneedto expeditesignificantly th esocialre-orientation of thecoun-try'seconomy,tangiblyraisethepeople'slivingstandards,firstofallinthelow-incomesectionsofthepopulation.Thatiswh ywear estudyinghardno wwhatca nbedonetowardsthisgoalwithintheremaining8monthsof theFive-Yearperiod. mureeillind olution.However,we countonradicallyre-orientingtheeconomytowardshumanneedsnthenextFive-Yearperiod,he 13thFive-Yearperiod.Th eureausorkingntaterogramsnamily,maternityan dchildhood,improvingwomen'slivingan dworking conditions,andprovidingfullemploymentto theable-bodiedpopulation.Somepartsofthecountryhaveasurplusworkforcean dconcurrentunemployment.Another thing.I share the concern of th eDeputies overthefactthatatthegovernmentlevelculturalmanagementisexercisedbytheBureaufo rSocialDevelopmentan dthatthespiritual sphere canbecome overshadowed by a host ofotherburningissues. mustsa youtrightthatanall-outdemocratizationhouldbedeepenedbothentrallynd locally.Th eright,functionsand,onsequently,responsi-bilities,houldbedelegatedtopublicorganizations,cre-ativeunionsan dassociationsinamoreboldmanner.We opposenutomaticpplicationofeconomicccount-abilitynheulturalield.heovernmentndhe Bureaureunanimousnheirtandoffacilitatingneverypossiblewaythedevelopmentof thematerialfoun-dationofculture,ndmproveheivingndworkingconditionsofpeopleengagedinthisfield.[Question]Thesocialsphereistodayon eof thegreatestconcernsfo rthetate.Howdoyo uxplainplacingthis heavyburdenon awoman?[Biryukova] Th e assumption made is probablythatwomenhavetodealwiththisspheremoreoftenthanmen,an dtheyar ebetterawareofits shortcomingsan ddefects,ofwhichheybearthebrunt.n moreeriousvein,myexperiencewa stakenintoaccountinthefirstplace,sincemy entire life hasbeen associated with the socialsphere.In theAUCCTU,orxample,wa shargedwithaborprotectionndhealth,women'sare,motherndhild

care,leisure,ocialsecurity,housingan deverydayprob-lems,ublicateringndmany,any therhings.representedour countryintheUNCommitteefo rSocialDevelopmentfo rtenyears,whichwa sagoodschoolas well.[Question]Following thesessions ofcommitteesan dcom-missionswhichsupportedyourcandidacy,youadmitted in a TV interview thatyour quickemotions an dho ttempermadetomewhatdifficultohave dialoguewithhe Deputies.Doheseraitshelpyouorhurtounyourwork?[Biryukova]Iwouldno tequatequickemotionswithaho ttemper.Ithinkthatemotionsar ethestrikingabilityofapersonoee ltronglybouthe row norotherpeople'sactionsan dto takethemclosetoheart.Ifaperson,be itaman or awoman,stronglyreactstocertainshortcomings,injustice,efectsnork,rsincerenerjo y rsympathy,fhissotn-do-not-careerson,hy shouldthis be bad? Itisanothermatterifemotions go overreasonableimitsndredetrimentalowork.SinceknowthatIsometimesgiveventtomy emotions,Itryto reinmyself inan dfeelreallysorrywhenIfail.Bu tmy ho ttemperisalwaysexplainedby my concernfo rwork.And it isnevercausedbydisrespectfo rpeople.[Question]Whatisyouridealstateswoman? Whatdo youappreciateinyoursubordinatesmostofallan dwhatdo youresent?[Biryukova] Theidealremainsanidealbecauseitisneverembodiedinanyon eindividual. am hardpu ttonameon eparticularpersonofthepresentor thepast.A ndstill...Doyo urememberaquestionnairepu ttothedaughtersofKarlMarxthatcontained asimilar question?"What do youvalueina woman most ofall?""Inaman?"Marxansweredatthattime:"Weaknessinawomanan dstrengthinaman."Elaboratingonthatanswer,Iwoulddescribean idealstateswoman as beingas goodaworker as thebestofmeninthesamejob,wh oremains"weak"at thesametime,no tsheddingasinglefemininetrait.Inmy subordinates,Iappreciatepromptness,competencean danabilitytothinkan dac tinnon-standardterms.resentunconscientiousness,lownessndthetrivingto take acue fromthe boss.Iam surethatyoucannotrelyon a personwh odoesno thaveanopinionor astand ofhisor he rown.BREZHNEV,VladimirArkadiyevich MinisterofTransportConstruction [Text]Bornin19 3 1 .Russian.GraduatedfromtheOdessa Hydrotechnicalnstituteith egreenydrongi-neering.Startedhisworking career as afitter,thenworked in constructionorganizationsintheFa rEast,theUkraine,an dtheVolgaarea.Workedasasuperintendent,head ofaconstruction administration,trustmanagingdirector,an dDeputy,FirstDeputyMinisterof theUSSRofTransportConstruction fo rtenyears.USSRMinisterofTransportConstructionsince9 8 5 .


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JPRS-UPA-89 - 0 6 71 2DECEMBER1989[Question]ladimirrkadiyevich,heessionfhe Supremeovietxpressedoncernve rheountry's transportationnetwork.What roleis yourMinistry playinginupgradingtndwhatmeasuresrebeingakenoincreasetheefficiency ofworkdone by transportconstruc-tionworkers?[Brezhnev]Itistrue thattheconditionofatransportation networksymbolizesadegreeofcivilization,fyo umay.Th eprojectsputupbyonstructionollectivesnhe industryestifyoourontribution.os tofthemre railroadsnewailroadsndtations.ighwaysre anothermportantdirection.Webuildbridges,unnels,metroan dports.In on eyearwe'vedoneworkto thetuneofoversevenbillionrubles.Wear ethinkingaboutthewaysofincreasinglaboreffi-ciencyintheindustry.Aradicallynewtechnicallevelofconstructionha sto be achieved,an dthemoderncompre-hensiveechanizationacilitiesnonstructionnd assemblyworkhaveto beintroducedwhichwouldguar-anteetheprojects'highqualityan dlonglife.[Question]Areherenyhangesnndustrymanage-ment?[Brezhnev]On equarterofall the trustsoperates accordingtothesecondmodelofeconomicaccountability.Attheseenterprises,heollectivesworkharder,ndhe ywillcomplete this year over3 0 percentof the overall volume ofsubcontracting.Bu tnewproblemshavecroppedup .We havepersistentlyhiftedompletionchedulesro mhe fourthquarterof theyear,fo rexample,to thesecondan dthirduarters,whenheweatherswarmerndaborexpensesreower.n9 8 7 ,ornstance,wese docommission up to 86 percent ofhousing an d9 2percent ofnewlinesprior to October1 .But on gaining independence,the trusts pushed us fa r behind.Thisyear more thanhalfoftheprojectsar escheduledtobecompletedinthefourthquartergain.tprovedhardomatchheollectives'independenteconomicmanagementwithtatenterests.Thisleavesmuchroomfo rthoughtan dwork.[Question]Th eBaykal-Amur railroad isoftendescribed as "billionsof rubles sunk into the permafrost."How do yourevaluatesuchstatement? [Brezhnev]tstruehatheonstructionofBA Mwa scostlyfo r the country.Bu twe shalllook into the future too!Thisyearwereopu thentireengthofBA Mnpermanentoperation,ncludinghe pe nbypassofth eNorthMuyskunnel.Th eMinistryofCommunicationshasestimated that this will considerablyreducethe loadon theTrans-Siberianrailroadasearlyas9 9 0an dincreasethefreightturnoverhandledby theBaykal-Amurrailroadmorethansix timesoverby9 9 2 .IanayhatheapitalnvestednheBamovskaya-Tynda-Berkakit section linkingthe Trans-Siberian railroadwithsouthernYakutiyahasbeenalreadyrecovered.Theconstructionfhemur-Yakutiyaailroadro mhe Berkakinstationwaslaunchedin9 8 5 .Th eeconomists estimate thatitsconstruction costswillbe recoveredin lessthanthreeyears.

BYKOV,ValeriyAlekseyevichMinisterof theUSSRMedicalIndustry

[Text]Bornin1 9 3 8 .Russian.GraduatedfromtheKuiby-shevndustrialnstituteith egreenechanicalengineering for apparatuses ofchemicalproductions.Can-didateofTechnicalSciences.Conductedresearchworkincollege,workedatoilrefineriesan dchemicalplants.Was involvednartyork,irstecretaryfheartyGorkomndheadoftheector theCPSUCentralCommittee.Headedthemaindirectorateofmicrobiolog- icalindustryundertheUSSRCouncilofMinisters.Min-isteroftheUSSRMedicalan dMicrobiologicalIndustry since9 8 5 .Memberof theCentralAuditingCommissionof theCPSU.[Question]ValeriyAlekseyevich,heocialdirectionofyourMinistryisseenfromits name.Theproductsturnedou tbytheindustryar eofvitalimportance fo rthepeople.A tthesametime,theeditorialboardreceivesquiteafewsignalsromureadersbouthebsenceftaplemedicineinpharmacies.[Bykov]Yes,thepopulationnoticesanyofou rshortcom-ingsmmediately.Themoreowhenwealkabouttheshortagesofou rmainproducts.On eof thereasonsisthatthe countrydoesno tkeeptabon thecientificdemandormedicinendtsproduction.Besides,thedemandfo rmedicinehasoutpacedthepro-jectedgrowthnecentears.Thisgapmountso2 percentn9 9 0 ,orxample. hinkereinieshe consequences of theerrorwemadeinou r healthservice counting no ton preventivemedicinebu ton thetreatmentofailments.[Question]Whatdo youthinkshouldbe done?[Bykov]Atpresent,wear eno tresponsiblefo r meeting thedemandofhospitalsndpharmaciesnequireddrugs.Thissheobf pecialssociationtheSSRMinistryofHealth.ItwouldbemorelogicaltomaketheMinistryofMedicalIndustryfullyinchargeofprovidingtheountryithedicine,hetherome-maderimported.Thedoctors' jobis totreatpatients,whilewe inindustryshouldsupplythem.Wewishwedidno thaveintermediariesothatweouldeacttohangesinea ldemandmorequickly.[Question]Doesitmean thatyouadvocatedirect tieswithconsumers? [Bykov]Thisistheonlyway.Thesemeasuresrequireno additionalnvestments,yheway.oreover,were preparedossumeontrolofthentirendustrypro-ducingdrugsan dmedicine.We ar epreparedtotackletheproblemof manufacturingdisposablesyringes,droppers,intravenousatheters,ializers,loodontainers;nword,anydisposablepolymersystems.Itwouldbe agoodthingossignoou rMinistryheightsofageneralcontractorwiththerighttodistributethemeansreceivedfromheSS RinistryfHealthmongheo-producers.We haveinmindasmoothcooperation.Then


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JPRS -UPA-89 - 0671 2DECEMBER1989 we wouldhavebeenableto boosttheoutputofmedicineevennow.Ifwelegalizebenefitsfo ral lthoseengagedinmedicinemanufacture,hesupplierswillhaveastakeinproducingsuchthings.Inaword,far-reachingchangesintheeconomicmechanismar erequired.CHAZOV,YevgeniyIvanovich

MinisterofHealth[Text]Bornin92 9 .Russian.GraduatedfromtheKievMedicalnstitutewith egreeofgeneralpractitioner.Doctor ofMedicalSciences,Professor,Academician of theUSSRAcademyofSciencesan dtheAcademyofMedicalSciences.Startedhiscareerasaclinicsurgeon,an dlatercarried utcientificworknheResearchnstituteofTherapyofthe USSRAcademyofMedicalSciences,wherehiscareerspannedjobsfroma juniorscientific associate tomanagingdirectoroftheA.L.MyasnikovResearchInsti-tute.ea dofheFourthaindministrationftheUSSRMinistryofPublicHealthsince9 7 6 ,MemberoftheMinistryCollegium,DeputyMinister.USSRMinisterofHealthince9 8 7 .emberfhePS UentralCommittee.[Question]Th everyfactthatyo uhavebeennominatedcandidateto thepositionof theUSSRMinisterofPublicHealth fo rthe second time testifies to yoursuccessfulworkinthepreviousgovernment.Are yo usatisfiedby whathasbeenaccomplishedinpublichealth? [Chazov]Ye san dno .I'mgladthatoursocietyan dstatehave finally turnedto face thepublichealthproblems.Th eprogramorestructuringheystemofprotectinghe healthoftheSovietpeople,pu tnctionollowingthedecreebyth eCPSUCentralCommitteendheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,providesfor setting upan up-to-datematerialan dtechnicalfoundation,layingdownnewprin-ciples oforganizing an dmanagingpublichealth,includingpe rcapitafinancingdepending on specific regionalcondi-tions, switchingover to evaluatingworkby qualitycriteria,sensibledecentralizationnddelegationofmanagementfunctionsdowntothelocallevel.Thishasno tjustbeenstated,bu tsbeingimplementedan dbackedwithddi-tionalmeansan dfunds.Th ecountry'ssanitaryservicewentintoahighergear.It shouldbecomeaneffectiveforcefightingenvironmental pollution.Th e"USSRSanitaryCode"underpreparation no whould iveheorcefawoheeasuresfprotectinghumanhabitatagainsttheperniciouseffectofindustry,normalizeworkingconditionsan dimprovethequalityoffood.Motheran dchildcarehasbeenassignedto ppriority,with4 0percentof capitalconstructionan dconsiderableforeigncurrencyearningsinthisareahavingenabledus toreduceinfantmortalityinjustthepasttwoyears.I'mno tatisfiedbyperestroykamakingmalltridesin publichealth.Alargeportionofmanagersan dofficials,workollectiveshaveno tdoptedne whinking.Manyvitalrdersoroduceedicine,isposableyringes,medicalequipmenthaveno tbeenfulfilledan dscientific

achievementsar eno tbeingintroducedwellenough.Sala-riesremainimpermissiblylow whichcannotbu taffectthequalitycompositionofmedicalworkers.Constructionhaslaggedbehind.Allocationsoverthepasttwoyearstothetuneof40 0millionrubleshaveno tbeenpu ttouse.Healthprotectionwillneverbeatisfactoryunlesstheseproblemsar eresolved.Muchworkstillliesaheadhere.[Question]Didthe discussionof healthserviceproblemsbytheUSSRSupremeSovietad dan ynewelementsto theMinister'sprogram?[Chazov]he iscussionelpedopecifyacticsnd receivesupportfo rstrategy,includingnewapproachesto financing tateospitalnsuranceools),erapitanorms,evaluationof the qualityofwork,decentralizationan dheoleobeplayedbyocalSovietsRepublican,territorial,oblast).Thisiswhereweshouldstartfrom.[Question]Th epresshasalwaysbeenfullofcriticismfo rtheMinistryof PublicHealth.Ithasbeenamplifiedno wbythedeputies'sharpquestions.Doessuchan"invasion offoreignterritory"helptoimproveworkor doesithurt,makingthingslesspredictable?[Chazov]Howcanon edoubtsuchquestionsiftheyarebusinesslike,constructivean dgoodfo rpublichealth,an dconsequently,fo rthepeople?Ithinkthatadditionallocalinformationisveryimportant,whichallowsustointerferean dtohelpattherighttime.Inthemeantime,manyissueswereraisedwhichlearlyca nan dshouldbehandledlocally.Thisappliesfirstofall to additionalsupplies,finances,an dspecificlocalmanage-mentproblems.[Question]Ho w do yo uevaluate therelations betweentwo"kindred"ministries,theMinistryofPublicHealthandtheMinistryofMedicalIndustry?[Chazov]heMinistryofHealthndhe inistryofMedicalndustryhouldworkhand-in-hand4hoursday,incewefaceahostofproblems.Thequestionsofdepartamentalismtillro pup,bu tweryto vercomethemogether,chievinggreatermutualnderstanding an dmutualinteraction.CHIRSKOV,VladimirGrigoriyevich

MinisterofConstruction ofPetroleuman dGasIndustryEnterprises[Text]Bornn9 3 5 ,Russian.Graduatedromhell-UnionFinancean dEconomicInstituteby correspondencewithadegreeineconomics.CandidateofTechnicalSci-ences.Beganhisworkingcareeratthe"Tuymazyneftes-roy"rustnheBashkirASSR,workedsamanagingdirectorof the"Tyumengazmechanizatsia"trust,headofth elavsibtruboprovodstroynheuymenblast.Deputy,FirstDeputyMinisteroftheUSSRfo rtheCon-structionof theEnterprisesofOilan dGa sIndustrysince1 9 7 8 .Ministerofthisindustrysince19 8 4 .Member oftheCPSUCentralCommittee.


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JPRS-UPA-89 - 0 6 71 2DECEMBER1989 [Question]Let'stryto discusstheindustry'sproblemsinanunusualway.ha ttepssheMinistryakingoreducetothemaximum(ifno truleou tcompletely)thenegativeconsequencesof theinvasion ofnature? [Chirskov]You are right in sayingthatproduction matters havebeendiscussedindetail,whileecologyremainsou rsoreoint.o,owanweimitheegreefgrossinterferenceinth eenvironment?Ithinkweshouldstartwithnn-depthnd ll-roundxaminationnd takingecologyintoaccountinourprojects.Eachdecisionshouldbeubjecto trictndndependentcrutinythe projectstage.Whatisequallyimportantisthateveryone workingintheindustryshouldchangehisor he rpsycho-logicalttitudeowardsnaturendeeothathe faster-than-averageonstructionofnatureonservation projects,heirqualityan dreliabilitybecome tandard practice.Fromthetechnicalpointofview,heconstructionpro-cessesshouldbeindustrializedasmuchaspossible.Th emostlabor-intensiveonesshouldbeplacedunderfactoryconditions,leavingonlyassemblyworkontheconstruc-tionsite.A criticalanalysisof industry'soperation over thepast fewyear has beenmade.Acomprehensive ecologicalprogramencompassingcientific,esign,rojectndracticalstudieshasbeenprepared.Ibelievethatits implementa-tionwillhelpraisethe ecologicalstandards ofconstructionto therequired level.[Question]VladimirGrigoriyevich,hosewh obuild ilan dgas pipelinesar eusuallynomads.Whatisbeingdoneto maketheirlifean dworkeasier?[Chirskov]Th eindustrymadea turnaroundinth ecurrentfive-yearplanperiod.Comparedwith1 9 8 5 ,thevolume ofworkinthesocialsphereincreasedby1.7times.Housingconditionshavebeenimprovedfo r4 5thousandfamilies ofoi lan dgasconstructionworkers.Another3 0 thousand familieswillreceive well-appointedapartmentstillth e en dof thefive-yearperiod.Wethinkwe shallbe ableto meetthedemandfo r pre-schoolchildren'sinstitutionsby1 9 9 1 ,an dhatoranatoria,holidayenters,es thousesnd otherecreationalacilities,nhe3 thive-yearplanperiod.Housing amenities an d socialan dcultural facilities fo rshiftworkerswillbeputon ane wtechnicalbasis.Aprogramisunderwayto receive3 0 kgofmeatan d7 0 kgofmilkperon eworkingpersonfromagriculturalsubsidiaryplots.[Question]What do theindustry enterprises do to increasetheproduction ofconsumergoods? [Chirskov]Largehopfloor reasrebeingeconverted intotheoutputofsuchproducts.Thisyearwillseethecompletionof18 servicestationsalongthe4,000-kmlongSurgut-Tyumen-BlackSeahighway.Weplantoincreasetheconstructionofsingle-family housesfo rruralareas.Th eindustryenterprisesar edoingagreatdealto helpthecountry'sagro-industrialcomplextoexpandthematerial

an dechnicalas efherocessingacilities.,750 slaughter-housesan dmeat-packingfactorieswillbebuiltby19 9 5 .DAVLETOVA,LyudmilaYelmatovna

USSRMinister[Text]Bornin9 40 .Kazakh.GraduatedfromtheTash-kentTextileInstitutean dtheAcademyofSocialSciencesunderheCPSUCentralCommitteewith egreengarmenttechnologyengineering.Worked at the enterprisesoftheightndustry.Wa sSecretaryoftheRepublicanTradeUnionCommittee of the Workersof the Textile an dLightIndustryoftheKazakhSSR,DeputyMinister of theRepublic'slightindustry.Departmentheadan dthenSec-retaryof theCentralCommitteeof theCommunistPartyofKazakhstansince9 8 3 .[Question]Lyudmila Yelmatovna, youar e the firstwomanministerinthegovernmentinthepastfewyears.Why do youthinkmen "giveaway"ministers'portfoliossorarely? [Davletova]tsno tjustministers'portfoliosthatmen cedetowomensoreluctantly.Women'srightsar emuchtalkedaboutthesedays,bu tthemoretheytalk,thelesswomenget.Ido no tthinkitaccidentalthat theindustriesdominatedby thefair sex,likeservices,havedeveloped on theesidualasisneneral. hinkhiss irectreflectionofattitudeto women.Th eCongressofPeople'sDeputiesan dthesessionoftheUSSRSupremeSovietnstillonfidencenperestroykahelpingto solvethispainfulissueas well,enablingwomentoisplayheireal,bilityoor kard,killsnd competencetothefullinordertosolveimportantprob-lems.[Question]Whatdo yo uthinkaboutyourresponsibilities to peoplewh owantto havenicegoods? [Davletova]Tobeginwith,weshouldstraightenou tthehugeotentialfheightndustrylreadyvailable,definethereasonsbehindslowgrowthan dworkout an dtakeremedialmeasures.Itisalsoimportanttointroduce broadcooperativean dleasingformsofworkorganizationattheightindustryenterprises,ose tupconcernsan dassociations.In aword,pu tto workeverythingthathelpstooostheroductionfgoodsndmproveheirquality.Muchhas to be done to formulate along-range policyas fa ras productlinesareconcerned.Itshould be tailored to thefuturedevelopmentofnewypesofprimaryndothermaterials,echnologies,machineryndquipment,nd take into account, ofcourse, the need to improve consumerqualitiesofgoodsndaisencomeevelsordifferentgroupsof thepopulation.Onethingthatisclearistheneedtoapplytremendousefforttoen dthestagnationof thelightindustry.Ifwefailtodothis,peoplewillno tunderstandmean dwillhaveeveryrighttodenymetheirtrust.


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10 JPRS-UPA-89 -067 1 2DECEMBER 1989 DOGUZHIYEV,VitaliyKhusseynovich

DeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheStateCommissionoftheUSSRCouncilof Ministersfo rEmergencies[Text]Bornin9 3 5 ,Adyghei.GraduatedfromDnepro-petrovskStateUniversitywith egreenmechanicalengineering.Memberofth eCPSU.orkeds ech-nologyengineer,an dshopsuperintendentinChelyabinskOblast.irectorfMinobshchemashnterprisesince1 9 6 7 .Deputy,FirstDeputy,MinisterofUSSRgeneralmachinebuildingsince9 8 3 .

[Question]VitaliyKhusseynovich,wh yisthereaneedfo rastatecommissionfo remergencies? [Doguzhiyev]Thisshenevitable,lthoughverdue,conclusiondrawnfromtheanalysisofthecausesoftheindustrialndcologicaldisastershathappenednour countryin thepastfewyears,as wellas of themeasuresto preventthemor eliminatetheirconsequences.Weneedasinglecomprehensive systemofprotectingthepopulation fromindustrialaccidents,breakdownsan dnaturaldisas-ters,includingpreparations ahead oftime to ac tin extreme situations,ndgoodcoordinationan dharmonizationofth erequiredspecialservices.Anotherimportantgoalisto conducteffectiveechnicalpolicies imedatdevelopingsurvival,restoration,searchan drescueequipment. Disasterstakeatollofhumanlivesan dcausesignificanteconomicdamage.Asmanyas7 9 0majorindustrialacci-dentshappenedin1 9 8 8alone.Weannuallyregisteraboutonemillioncasesof groupinjuries;about250-260 thou-sandpeopledieas resultofaccidents,poisoningsnd injuries.Asyo uanee ,helossesreremendousnd unrecoverable.hatsheeasonwh ywehouldak eradicalmeasures,stablish eliableystemoprotectpeople,uildaferquipment,ransport,ndustrialprojects,an dtightentechnologicaldiscipline.Th ecountryha sanumberofdepartments,organizations,an dervicesnhargeofsafetyengineeringindifferentbranches,of survivalandrescuework.Theseincludethefire department,the USSRMVD,CivilDefensean dmanyothers.Manyministrieshavedepartmentalsearch,rescue,damagecontrolan dsurvivalcrews,ncludingtheUSSRMinistry ofEnergy,theUSSRMinistryof theOilan dGas Industry,theUSSRMinistry of theCoalIndustry,an dtheUSSRMinistryoftheChemicalIndustry.Th ecountrydidno thave,however,asinglesystemtakingcareofapreemptive an dpurposefulpreparationofalltheforcesto takeacoordinatedactionunderextremecondi-tionsan dto provide them withthe necessary technicalan dspecial facilities.Itdid not have asingle body to streamlinethiswork.Th eStateCommissionof theUSSRCouncilofMinisters fo rExtraordinarySituationsshouldbecomesuchabody.Its organization should lead tothe formationofastatewidesystemofpreparingfo ractionunderextremeconditions.Intswork,hetateCommissionwilllsoea lwithpressing ecologicalissues,coordinateits activitieswiththe

USSRStateCommitteefo rNature.AsDeputyChairman oftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Iwa spu tinchargeofthisCommittee.[Question]What immediateproblems shouldthe Commis-siontakeon?[Doguzhiyev]heommissionoeetphoulddevelopanall-outprogramoffutureworkan ddetermine whichwaysan dmeansar erequiredfo rthis.Weshallalsoworkou tadraftlawdealingwiththisan dpu titfo r debatebyheSSRupremeoviet.hiss atterofprinciple.Ibelieve thatadraftlaw isessentialtodealwiththeproblemofcreatingasystem ofpopulationprotectionagainstindustrial,ransportaccidentsan ddisasters,nat-uraldisasters.Weneedfirman dclear-cutlegalgroundfo rthis.[Question]DoesitmeanthattheStateCommissionwillbothorganizeemergencyoperationsan dworktopreventaccidentsan denhancethesafetyofindustrialan dtrans-portfacilities?[Doguzhiyev]Yes,IthinkthattheCommissionwillfocuson establishing acomprehensivestatesystemofprovidingsuchsafety.Weshallact,therefore,no t justwhenwe haveto liminatenccidentordisaster.Effortsoorestallsucheventsar eequallyimportant.Itisaverychallenginglarge-scalegoaltose tupsuchan overallsystemofcourse.Quitealo tof timepossiblyno tlessthan8monthswillberequiredtodo this.Itisthefirstim ehatuc h bodysbeingstablishednour country.[Question]ndeed,hissvirginground.Howanou capitalizeonyourexperienceinthebranchyouusedto manage?[Doguzhiyev]Mypreviousjo binvolvedthedevelopmentofmissilean dspacemissiletechnology,ofuniqueblastoffan destingomplexeswhicherextremelyproneoexplosionan dfire.We ha dtotakecareofsafestoringan dtestinglargequantitiesofmissilefuel.Iwa salsoinchargeoforganizingthestoragean dservicingof nuclearmissileweapons.You realize,ofcourse,thatthemain concern wa sto ensure utmostsafety and to preventaccidents.Th e mainthingwa stotakecareofthesmallestdetails,whichcanturnou ttobecrucialifadangeroussituationemerges.Ithinkthesameapproachhastobetakenwithegardto establishingastateystemorprotectingthepopulationfromindustrialan dtransportaccidentsan dnaturaldisas-ters.Initsfuturework,theStateCommissionwillconcentrate on rganizingnteractionbetween ariousdepartments an dervices. illefinitelyrofitro mheimilarexperience gainedwhileoordinatingtheworkonhe multi-useEnergy-Buran"paceystemwhichnvolvedover ,200 rganizationsndplantsbelongingomanyministriesan dagencies.Thetaskweshallhavetoaccom-plishno wisaschallengingandimportant.Iwilldevoteall myexperience,knowledgean deffortstoit.


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JPRS-UPA-89 - 0 6 71 2DECEMBER1989 11 DURASOV,VladimirAleksandrovich

FirstDeputyChairmanoftheStatePlanningCommittee[Text]Bornin9 3 5 .Russian.GraduatedfromtheUralsPolytechnicalnstitutendhecademyfNational EconomyunderheSS RCouncilfMinistersith degreesinmetallurgicalengineering,economics,organiza-tionof economicmanagementan dplanning.Memberofth ePSU.onductedcientificndesearchork,worked thenonferrousmetallurgynterprises,nhe apparatusoftheUSSRMinistryofNonferrousMetal-lurgy,sdirectoroftheYuzhuralnikelcombinedworks,DeputyMinister ofth e USSR Nonferrous Metallurgy, thendeputydepartmentheadat theCPSU CentralCommittee.USSRMinisterofNonferrousMetallurgysince9 8 6 .

[Question]Whatkind ofproblems willyo udeal with intheUSSRosplan,heupremeconomicod yfhe country? [Durasov]Ishouldsa yfromtheoutsetthatIwillworkin an rganhatirstlyha s ichxperiencenollectivemanagementand,secondly,a powerful scientific potential.Iwillbedirectlynvolvednacklinghe uestionsofoverallnationaleconomicplanning.Thesencludelong-rangeplanningfo rrepublicsan dregions,summarization an deconomicanalysis,inancialproblems,provisionofmaterialndechnicalupportndalances,nviron-mentalprotection,scientifican d technicalprogressan dso on .[Question]Th escopeofworkisbroadenough.Evidently, yo uwillprioritize... [Durasov]Th eUSSRGosplanan dothereconomic bodiesshouldurgentlyfindthemeans[financial]to dealwiththegoalsse tby th e USSR CongressofPeople'sDeputies.Iam referring to pensions an d the developmentofhealthcare inthefitsplace.Itisnecessaryto formulateurgentpracticalfinancially-backed mea sures to bring about therecovery ofthecommoditymarket.To ppriorityhouldbegivento boostingheutputfonsumeroodsndnarlyimplementation oftheFoodProgram.We shouldimme-diatelyeliminatetheslowdownnhousingconstruction.Proceedingfromthedecisionsadoptedat theCongress,Ithinkehouldpeed-uphemplementationfhe comprehensiveprogramfo rthedevelopmentof thenon-blackearthzone.[Question]Thesegoalsar ehardto reachwithoutadoptingthemostseriousmeasuresinrationalresource-saving.[Durasov]Of course.Ithink thatwe cannot talk about anybalancewithout policyofrigidesource-cutting.tscommonknowledgethatourlevelofenergyan dmaterialusepe runitofproductions.5-2imes igherha nforeigntandards,ndhiss ea lndremendousreservefo rraisingeconomicefficiency.Averyshortspanoftimethatislefttoadopteffectiveeconomicmeasuresisthemainfactorthatpromptsusto take on thisproblemimmediately.Someproblems haveto

be resolved in the matterofmonths,12 to1 8 monthsat the most.So,weshallworkaccordingto thesedeadlines.FILIMONOV,LeonidIvanovich

MinisterofthePetroleumandGasIndustry[Text]Bornin19 3 5 .Russian.Graduatedfrom the Ufa OilInstitute with adegreein miningengineering at oil an d gas deposits.MemberoftheCPSU.Workingcareerrangedfromssistantdrilleroheheadofoildrilling the Sakhalinneft administration. Workedat oi lindustry enter-prisesnheashkirAutonomousSR,yumennd TomskOblasts.Wa sgeneralmanagerofthe Tomskneftproductionssociationndhe neadedheizhen-vartovskneftgasproductionassociation.WorkedasFirstDeputyMinisteroftheUSSROilan dGa sIndustry,an dfrom9 8 8asFirstDeputyMinisterof theUSSRPetro-leumIndustry.[Question]eonidvanovich,ouisitedheSA recently.Willyoulook at your industrythrough the eyes ofAmericanoilmen.Whatcanwelearnfromthem? [Filimonov]We heldaseries ofactivetalkswithMacDer-mont on startinga jointoil an d gas venture on theSakhalinIslandbed. wouldaythattheAmericansshowmuchinterestn eveloping urndustry.eeceivemanyproposalsfromAmericanfirmsonstartingjointventuresan doncooperatingincertainareasofoilan dgas produc-tion.We stillleadinthefullestpossiblerecoveryofoil,fo rexample,an dthe Americanpartnersar epreparedtopayhardcurrencyfo rour know-howan d jointlysearch fo r newavenuesofupgradingtechnologicalprocesses.YetAmericanpartnersviewusasclumsybears.Westillexportnlyrudeilhileossessingugeaturalresources ofhydrocarbons,a strong structure ofoilan d gas refineries an d researchinstitutions.Yet ou rcountry has all itakesomerges eadingupplierofrefined ilproductsan dnxporterofprogressivetechnologyan dup-to-dateequipment.[Question]TheformerOi lan dGa sMinistriesareknowntohaveworkedaccordingtothefirstmodelofeconomic accountability. Whateconomic modelwillyour combineddepartmentadopt?[Filimonov]ul lconomicccountabilityndelf-financing enabled theindustry toalargeextent toproduce 624.3milliontonsofoilan d7 7 0billioncubicmetersofgasinthecountryasawholein9 8 8 .Commodityunitcostshavebeenutdownn8monthsndbout .5 billionrublesofprofithavebeenreceivedaboveplan.Anumberofenterprisesndssociationsdoptedhe so-calledecondmodelshemostffectiveor mofeconomicaccountability,basedonhenormativeprofitdistributions.About0ssociationsndnterprisesre usingitsuccessfully atpresent.Industry-wide economic accountability is on the horizon,Ithink,as fa rastheeconomicmodelfo rtheMinistryas awholesoncerned.ts ea lwayofsolving uge


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12 JPRS -UPA-89 - 0671 2DECEMBER1989 numberofsocialproblemsfacingoi lan dgasmen,accel-erating technical re-tooling and,finally,justdistribution ofearnedforeigncurrency.Doesn'titcomeacrossasabsurd thattheoi lan dgasindustry,whileprovidingthecountry withlargeamountsofforeigncurrency,hasnomoneyto bu ybroadhemostssentialhingsoccomplishhe tasksofsocialan deconomicdevelopment.[Question]heawasodifiedheightofworkingcollectivesto leaveassociationsan dto effectforeigntrade transactions.Whichofyourenterprisesar ereadyto jumptheministry'sshipan dplytheeconomicwatersontheirown?[Filimonov]Enterprisesstillfacemanyseriousobstaclesonthewa ytowardscompleteeconomicfreedom.Ithinkthathenterpriseswillholdheministry'soattailsslongasafreedomesticmarketofmaterialan dtechnicalresourcesdoesno tfirmup an dfinancialshortagesareno teliminated.Bu tou rindustryisdebatingthequestionofassociationseven now.Working collectives, geophysical enterprises,fo rexample,am eupwithnterestingproposalsofstab-lishing ompletelyndependentssociationbasedneconomic accountability.Suchprinciplescanbe applied to theubindustryf ilransportation.ndependentmachine-buildingemerginginhendustryanbe rga-nizedasaconcern.n word,weneedinitiativesfrom workingollectivesndhoroughconomiceasibilitystudies.Th eministrywillconcentrateon formulatingaconceptofthendustry's evelopment,oordinatinginancesnd resources,cceleratingcientificndechnicalprogress,providingentralizedervicingohenterprises,betbankingorforeigneconomicactivities. [Question]Agovernmentommissionsnownoeinvestigatingheragicccident theMinistryofOilIndustry's ilpipelinenBashkiriya.twilleportts findingofcourse...Bu thave yo umade any conclusionsfo ryourself?[Filimonov]Iwa sno tdirectlyinvolvedintheworkof thegovernmentcommission,sinceotherleadingspecialists ofourstookpartinitswork.Ofcourse,llindustrywork-ersfromteamsto theministry'sapparatushavedrawnmoststernconclusionsfromthis.Th eaccidenthasconfirmedagainthatthereisno alterna-tiveoafety.hisawhouldebserveduring designing,onstructionndperationf ilndas projects.Anomissionat any ofthestagesof thiscyclecanmeantrouble.Th eindustryisimplementingaprogramofurgentmea-surestopreventaccidentsatpipelines.Th epresentys- temsrehoroughlyxamined,onstructionnormsnd maintenancerulesar ebeingtightened.Relatedindustries ar eactivelyinvolvedinthis.

[Question]eonidvanovich,whendi douoohe theater,go huntingor fishinglasttime? Whatdo youdo fo rfun? [Filimonov]Whenskedhisuestion,eople se docomplainaboutlackofanyfreetime.Ithoughtitwas justphrase-mongeringbu tsmycareeradvancedtbecame clearthatunfortunatelythisistrue.Meetingsan dconfer-encesea tupthebetterhalf ofmyworkingday.I'lltryto changethispractice,atleastinthe Ministry.Le tpeople ratherlearnhowto us eapersonalcomputerduringtheirworkinghours.Theydi dno tteachyouthisbefore,bu tage isno problem.Ilovetheater.EachtimeIvisitedMoscowinthepast,Ifoundtimeto gotothe openingnights,togoto theopera.Ilovedfishingan dhuntingwhenIworked inSakhalinan dintheTomskan dTyumenOblasts.No wIpreferreading.Mostntriesnmyibraryar dreorechnicalnd historicalliterature.GABRIELYANTS,GrigoriyArkadiyevich

MinisterofGeology[Text]Bornn9 3 4 .Armenian.MemberoftheCPSU.GraduatedfromtheAzerbaizhanIndustrialInstitutewithadegreeingeologyan doilan dgas prospecting.Doctor ofGeologicalan dMineralogicalSciences,Professor.Workedin geologicalsurvey parties,researchinstitutions,taught atacollege.Was director of theAil-UnionResearchGeolog-icalSurveyndOilnstituteoftheUSSRMinistryofGeology.[Question]TheUSSRhasthe world'slargestdepositsofoil,gas,ironore,anumberofnonferrousmetals.Weleadtheworldinthedepositsofsomeotherdeposits.Atthesametime,heCongressofPeople'sDeputiesexpressedalarmoverthecountry'srawmaterialbase.Whatistheprobleman dwhatsolutionsdo yousuggest?[Gabrielyants] hinkha thepremiseboutushavinginexhaustibleresourcesisplainlyharmful.tistruethatnaturegenerouslyendowedou rcountry,bu titisalsotruethatwehaveno tbecomeeconomicalownersan dlearnedthelessonsthat theworldhadalreadymasteredunpardon- ablylow.Theproven ilndaseserveswillas tor severaldecades.Isn'tthisfine?No tatall.Themainscourgeofou r geologyliesintheill-famousvolumeproductionan damismatchbetweentheinterestsof producersan dconsumers.Judgefo rourself.Yamalhas3,000billionubicmetersofreadygas reserves,bu tits extractionisno tplannedeitherfo rthenextfive-year period,no rtillyear2 000 .Billions ofrublesininvestments havebeensunkintheground,thereisnopayoff,whilehegeologistsre rgedoncreasereserveseveryyear by anotheronebillioncubicmetersofgas.Whatfor?Thatiswhywear esuggestinganewstrategyofpreparingmineraldeposits.tisbasedongeologicalan deconomic modelsofdevelopingregionsan dthecountryasawhole.Inthismannerwecanreceivemaximumreturn.


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[Question]Geologyisknownto beon eofthefewindus-triesnwhichllnterprises perateccordingohe secondmodelofeconomicaccountability.Whatretheprosan dconsof this?[Gabrielyants]hesefconomicccountabilityngeologicalurveyha salreadyreducedtheos tof to nofincreasedeservesby ne uarter,utdownheom -modityan dmaterialreserves byalmost20 percent,maderedundant16 ,000 people an dincreasedinvestments in thesocial sphereby 23 6 millionrubles.Thisisthe "netprofit"receivedfromeconomicaccountability.Bu thaseconomicaccountabilityprotectedtheinterestsofconsumers?Hasacost-reductionmechanismbeense tup whenhendustrysinancedro mhetatebudget?thinkthatthesequestionshavebeenesolvedonlypar-tially,to putitmildly.Whatisthemainheadache?If we remember Marx,an ycommodityshouldhaveaprice.But theresourcesinour bowelsar efree,an dthereisno directdependence between theeconomicinterests ofa geologicalsurveynterprisendho wheproveneservesbecome involvedinthenationaleconomy.Animportantelementofacost-reducingmechanismintheindustryisto se tthepricefo rafinalproductan dtoshifttocontractualrela-tions.Theresnnternationalspectofconomicccount-ability,oo .A tpresent,heUSSRMinistryofGeologyconductsworkin3 0 countriesof theworld,eitheraspartofaloanextendedbyou rcountryor aspartof technicalassistance.Neitherthestatenorwefinditprofitable.We ar epaidfo rtheworkdoneat best,no tfo rthevalueofadepositdiscovered.Toet utfhedeadnd ,ehouldaveventure projects,ikellnternationalirmsofou rprofilere doing,bytheway.Underthecontract,ifwe discovernewdeposits,wehalletain definitehareofthemineralreserves,whichwe ca neithershipintoourcountryor sellfo rforeigncurrency.[Question]A nd thelastquestion.Whichof yourawards ar eyo uproudofmostof all?[Gabrielyants]Th e"DiscovererofaDeposit"sign,whichwa sawardedfo rdiscoveringtheirstgasdepositntheKarakumdesert.Th edesertbecameagasprovinceafterthat,ndhearakum-Centerai nasipelineas startedfromthereinthemid-60s.GERASHCHENKO,ViktorVladimirovich

ChairmanoftheUSSRStateBank[Text]or nn9 3 7 .ussian.raduatedro mhe MoscowInstituteofFinancewith degreeinfinancingan dloans.Memberofth eCPSU.Startedoutasabook-keeper.Thenworkedasacontroller,xpert,departmentheadofthecurrencyan dcashflowadministrationofth eUSSRan kororeignrade.asirectorfhe MoscowNarodnyybankinLondon,headofthisbank'sbranchesnebanonndSingapore,hairmanofth eBoardfhest -Westandelsbanknrankfurtm

Mein,FRG.FirstDeputyChairmanoftheBoardoftheUSSRBankfo rForeignEconomicActivitysince1 9 8 5 .[Question]Whileworkingfo rtheBankfo rForeignEco-nomicActivity,youha danopportunitytolearninterna-tionalbankingexperiencewell.Whatcanweuseinthisexperience?[Gerashchenko]Th eestructuringoftheountry'sco-nomicmechanism onthebasisof commodity an dmone-taryrelations,economicdecentralizationan destablishing aframeworkfo rindependentdecisionswillundoubtedly require,fweollowworldpractice,hatwentroduce changesintheUSSRloanan dbanking systems.Themainthingis to change themethods of regulatingthecirculationofmoney an dloans througheconomicmeans,introducingnewtypesofsavingsfo renterprisesan dindividualsan destablishing anetworkofcommercialbanksfo rextendingalternativeloans[nongovernment]totheeconomicenti-ties.[Question]WhatwaysofenhancingtheStateBank'sroleinthecountry'seconomiclifean dincreasingitsindepen-dencedoyousee?[Gerashchenko]Th eolendpossibilitiesoftheState Bankwereweakenedomewhats esultofthe9 8 7 bankingreforman destablishmentoffivespecializedstatebanks.tbecamenlderbrothermongquals,oospeak.Thecountriesthathavedevelopedcommodityan dmonetaryarketsave ouble-tierbankingystem,whereonlythecentralbankhastherighttoissuemoneyan determineheolumefmoneyupply.ankinglegislationisto be workedou twhichwillenhancetheroleplayedbytheStateBank,determineitsrelationshipwithindustry-widean dcommercialbanks,ncludingthepe- cializedones.[Question]Whatdo youthinkshouldbetherelationshipbetweentheUSSRStateBankan dtheUSSRMinistryofFinance?[Gerashchenko]Th eestablishedrelationshipofthecoun-try'sbankingsystemwiththeMinistryofFinanceresultsinmixinguptheareasofusingbudgetgrantsan dbankloans,rtificiallyballooningheolventdemandnhe economyndestabilizingoneyupply.ankoansextendedtocoverstatebudgetxpendituresan dturned intobudgetllocations,swellsunrepaybleinancinghiddenundertheguiseofgrowingdebtofenterprisesan dbranches,undermineeconomicaccountabilityan dcreatefalseguidelines for theeconomicpolicy.Directstateloansfrombanks,enterprises,cooperativesan dthepopulationshouldbepracticedto coverfo rthebudgetexpenditures,whileaccumulatingtheirrealsavings.Bycentralizing theissueof loansan dmoneyby theUSSRStateBank,suchloanswillno tincreasemoneysupply,ifbothshort-terman dinvestment-typebankcreditswillbe givenonastrictlycommercialbasisan drepaymentsar emade.


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14 JPRS-UPA-89 -067 1 2DECEMBER 1989[Question]roposalsweread e theessionofhe USSRSupremeovieto laceheSSRtateBankundertheSupremeSoviet.Whatdo yo uthinkaboutthis?[Gerashchenko]Acountry'sCentralBankinthecountries withdevelopedcommodityan dmoneymarketsissubor-dinatedno ttothegovernmentbu tto theparliamentasarule.Bu tbothloansan dthebudgetprovidemeansfo rtheeconomy.Therefore,eveninthosecountriesthefinancialan dbankinginstitutionscannotpursuean yseriouspolicyofregulatingheountry'sconomicprocesses,withoutcoordinatingt.Th ematterofplacingheUSSRStateBankundertheSupremeSovietsthatoftimendthedevelopmentofcommodityndmoneymarketsnou rcountry.[Question]ha thangeshouldheresentanking systemundergoin your view?Whatroleshould jointstockan dcooperativebanksplayinthissystem?[Gerashchenko]Evolutionofourconomicmechanismshouldsuggestthebestpossiblestructureoftheloanan dbanking system.Th efollowingconditions ar enecessaryinmy viewto giveaself-movingimpulseofdevelopmentoftheloanan dbankingsystem:buildloanan dmoneymechanismsontheprinciplesofcentralizingthemoneyemissionfunctions intheUSSRState Bankan dthe operationofbankson the basisof thereallydepositedfunds;organizebankingnheprinciplesofcompleteco -nomicccountability,ncludingompetitionmongbankswhether theyarestate,jointstockor cooperative;supportth einitiativeadvancedbythelowereconomic entitiesan dtheterritorialorgansofpowertoopennew

bankinginstitutionsan dto givetheenterprises therighttochosethebanktheywanttoservicethem;adoptbankinglegislation.GUSEV,VladimirKuzmich

DeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilofMinisters,ChairmanoftheBureauoftheUSSRCouncilof Ministersfo rtheChemicalan dTimberComplex[Text]Bornn932 .Russian.Graduatedro mSaratovState University an dtheSaratovEconomicsInstitutewithdegreesinchemistryan dconomics.Candidateoftech-nicalsciences.Workedatth eEngelsSyntheticFiberFac-torySaratovOblast),ndwa sdirectoroftheactory.PerformedPartyworkrom9 7 5o9 8 5 ;wa slectedFirstecretaryfhearatovbkomfhePSU.WorkedasFirstDeputyChairman of theRSFSRCouncilofMinisters.DeputyChairmanof th eUSSRCouncilofMinisters,Chairmanofthe Bureau ofthe USSR Council ofMinistersorheChemicalndTimberComplexince1 9 8 6 .MemberoftheCPSUCentralCommittee.[Question]Vladimir Kuzmich,thecomplexthatyouheadison eofthemostdifficultinou rnationaleconomy.On theon ehand,we experienceasevereshortageofchemical

materials,since welag behindmanyadvanced countriesintheirproduction.On theotherhand,peopleobjectto thelocationofchemicalplantsontheirterritory.How isthisdilemmatobesolved?[Gusev]Ecologyis,neffect,averyburningissue.Anti-chemicalsentimentsar enothingunusual.Objectionsar eheardagainstthelocationan dconstructionofdrug plants,atomicpowerstationsan devenagainsttheutilizationoftheoncurrent ilgasesha towburnnlaresnhe TyumenOblast.Whatisbehindsuchtotalrejection?First,groupsofpeopletendto be egotistic.Theprotectionprovided by thestatean d society fo rmany yearsgavebirthtoafirmonvictionmongmembersofsocietythatno matterhowtheywork,theywillnever"diefromstarva-tion,"sotospeak,thatthestatean dsocietywilldefinitely takecareofthem.Our citizensnaivelybelievethatevenifallelectric power stationsareshut down,electric bulbs willcontinueour nnheirouses.n therwords,he governmentan dthestatewillno tbeallowedtoleavethepopulationwithoutelectricity.Second,theunsatisfactoryoperationof individualchem-icallantshichauseamageoatureorvarious reasons.Imustsaythatonlyaminorityofplantsoperatethatway.os tofthemitnt ohenvironment,ot exceedinghestablishedcologicalnorms.Welreadyhaveanumberofproductioncollectiveswhichhaveorga-nizedtechnologicalprocessesinsuchawa yastopracti-callyxcludenyutflowisposal.hesencludehe "Minudobreniye"associationinVoskresensk,"Nizhneka-mskneftekhim"roductionssociation,heedicalpolymerplantinBelgorod-Dnestrov.Third, ackfnowledgefhemistry.eweoplerealizethatthelevelofdevelopmentof sciencemakesitpossibleomakenyprocessre eofoutflowan dwastedisposal.In mostcases,however,thisis verycostly. The ai ran dwaterpollutionhouldbeblamedno tonchemistrybu tonthepeoplewhofailedtoimprovetheproductionprocess,manufactureddefectiveequipmentan dareusingitinaslipshodway.[Question]Thesamepressing problemsar efacedbymanyoperatingplantsintheindustrywhichar eno tecologicallyclean.Th epopulationdemandhathe ybehutown.Ho wdoyoureacttosuchacriticalsituationasaperson?Whaturgentremedialmeasuresar erequired? [Gusev]Ifeelhurtveryoftenbecauseof thepositiontakenbyurocal rgansofpower.yayinglaimsboutenvironmentalpollution,theyoftenremainindifferentto unsatisfactoryonstructionfatureonservationprojects.Only4 0 to6 0 percentofthemoneyallocatedfo rtheconstruction ofpurificationan dgas-trappingfacilitiesispu ttouse.Iwouldliketoemphasizethatthecrisissituationcanbe defusedonlythroughthebroadinvolvementof the publicinthesolutionof theproblemsan dadetailedexplanationof themeasurestobetakenan dgoalspursued.Animpor-tantolesobeplayedbymassmedianhisegard,competentndbjectivepeechesbyeadingcientists,


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politicalan dpublicfigures,medicalworkers,ndrepre-sentatives ofmonitoring organizations.Technical progressis irreversible an dchemicaltechnology is not an exception. Th ecalls"tostop"chemistryar eutterlyunrealistic,inmyview.Weeetheolutiontothisproblemnpeedinguphe overhaulof th eexistingproductionsby introducinghighly productivemodernequipmentan decologicallycleanpro-cesses.Accordingtotheestimates,th echemicalindustryca nbe madeacceptable to thepopulationin5or 6 years,ensuringheocialndconomicwellbeingofSovietsociety.[Question]VladimirKuzmich,yo uusedo ccupyhe positionoftheFirstDeputyChairmanftheRSFSRCouncilofMinisters.Howsyourworknowdifferent,ignoringthelargerscale,ofcourse? [Gusev]Th edistinctionliesintheutmostresponsibilityfo rthedecisionsmade.Itisnolongerpossibletoignoreproblemsan dpassthebucktoanother,moreinfluentialbody.Furthermore,hecopeofissuesunderonsider-ationhasbroadenedconsiderablyan dtheirrelationshipshave becomemoreinvolved.Sincespecificproblemscropupveryday,hepaceofworkha s uickenedndhe shortageoftimehasbecomeworse.Finally,presentcon-ditionsplayarole.Welivetodayinanentirelydifferenttimethanthatoffouryearsago.Weawatremendousincreasendemandsnheeadersoomprehendhe prospectsfo rdevelopmentan dintheinfluencethatth epublicsxertingondecisionsoncerninghenviron-ment.ISAYEV,AleksandrSergeyevichChairman oftheStateCommitteefo rForestry

[Text]Bornin9 3 1 .Russian.GraduatedfromtheS.M.Kirov Leningrad TimberChemicalAcademywith adegreein forestry.DoctorofBiologicalSciences,Academicianofthe USSR Academy ofSciences.Startedhis workingcareerasanengineerwithanaircrafttree-plantingparty.Con-ductedscientificworkfrom1960 .DeputyDirectorof theV.N.SukhachyovInstituteof Forestryan dTimbersince1 9 7 2nddirectorofthisnstituteince9 7 7 .ElectedChairmanofthePresidium oftheKrasnoyarskaffiliateoftheUSSRAcademyofSciencesin1 9 8 0 .ChairmanoftheUSSRStateCommitteefo rForestrysince9 8 8 .[Question]AleksandrSergeyevich,yo uar eknownasato pscientist.owoouvaluateourossibilitiessChairmanof th eUSSRCommitteefo rForestry?[Isayev]Anexpertinforestecologyha sbecomeatimbermanager.A reyo uperplexedbyheecondpartofthis word combination?Ido havepracticalworkexperience.It isabothersomejobtomanagetheInstitutean damajorscientificcenteroftheUSSRAcademyofSciences.Th eUSSRStateCommitteeorForestrys moredifficulteparchytorun,sotospeak,no tonlyinitsstructurean dsize,butbecause of theproblemsinherited by theindustryfromth epastyears.

Iha dgreatdoubtsan duncertaintieswhenIagreedto theproposalto manageit.Bu tIwa sconvincedofon ething thetimeswhenscienceha donlyaconsultativevoicein forestmanagement is athingof the past.It isimpossible to breakthedeadlockoverthetimbereconomyan dtosolveecologicalproblems withoutscientific outlook.Thatis whyweformulatedaconceptofreplenishable an dableforestmanagementbasedon thenationwide"Forest"statepro-gram.Whatisimportant,the teamof the centralapparatusdraftedspecialistscapableofoffbeatthinking.Iseethesecomrades-in-armssyupportbasenealingwitheverydayissuesan dproblems,includingexclusivelyeco-nomicones.Time,astheysay,willdetermineho weffec-tivemyactionsinthis jobhavebeen.[Question]You areknowntohaveresolutelyopposedthemergerofGoskomleskhozndMinlesbumpromnhe past.Whatisyourattitudetothisproblemnow? [Isayev]IstillbelievethatGoskomlesshouldbethesolemasterintheforestsonbehalf of thestate,whileMinle-spomshouldleasethemfromit.Inacomprehensiveway,thisshouldincludetimberan dallotherforestriches.Inour nationaleconomicpracticesoftoday,our approachto theorestshouldru nlongecologicallinesnhefirstplacean dalongconsumerlinesinthesecond.Apartfromtreefelling,theloss-sustaining mechanism hasbledwhitealltypesof forestmanagement.Overcuttingoftimberin calculated wood-cuttingareashasbecomeacommonplacean deverydayoccurrence.Ithinkthatthe"enlarged"industryisincapable of takingcareofbothforestrestorationan danecologicalbalance.Eachdepartmentshouldtakecareofits ow nbusiness.IZRAEL,YuriyAntoniyevich

Chairmanof theStateCommitteefo rHydrometeorology[Text]Bornn9 3 0 ,Russian.GraduatedromCentralAsianStateUniversitywithadegreeinphysics.DoctorofPhysicalndathematicalciences,rofessor,orre-spondingMemberoftheUSSRAcademyofSciences.His careerangedro mnioncientificssociateohe director ofthe InstituteofAppliedGeophysicsofthe MainAdministration oftheHydrometeorologicalServiceof theUSSRCouncilofMinistersan dthenthatoftheChiefofthisAdministrationndChairmanftheUSSRStateCommitteeorydrometeorologyndnvironmentalControl.Chairmanof theUSSRCommitteefo rHydrom-eteorologyince9 8 8 .MemberoftheCentralAuditingCommissionofthe CPSUCentralCommittee.[Question]heessionfheSSRupremeovietpointed to theneedto redefine theCommittee's objectives inviewofthepresent-daydemands.Doyouagreewiththeseproposals?[Izrael]Yes,wehaveelaboratedastrategyofdevelopingtheSSRoskomgidrometndtswork,akingntoaccountwhathasbeenaccomplishedduringtheperiodofperestroyka,newdutiesan dpracticalan dscientificideas.Itprovidesoruchmaindirectionssmprovinghe


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16 JPRS-UPA-89 -067 1 2DECEMBER1989 systemf bservationsnheasisfcientificnd technicalchievements,ettingup disasterndmer-gencyservice,includingthe us e ofuniversalspacesystems;providingbetterinformationto thenationaleconomyan dthepopulation;activeinfluenceof thehydrometeorolog-icalan dgeophysicalprocesses,uchasartificialainfall,combatinghailan davalanches;hesolutionofthemostdifficultclassicproblems involvedinweatherforecasting.Theseincludethedentificationofsubtlebu tdangerous effects.Fo rexample,climatemodificationan dtheriskto the ozone layer giveus no time fo r thinkingthings over an ddilly-dallying.ehouldxpandourieswithoreigncountries,holdemergencyhearingsintheUSSRSupremeSoviet,adoptrespectivelawsan dstartacting.[Question]Inworking on climatean decologicalforecasts,theUSSRGoskomgidrometcomesintothepossessionofuniqueinformation.Areyousatisfiedwithho wthecom-mittee's dataar eusedinthenationaleconomy?[Izrael]ve r, 000ydrometeorologicaltationsnd 10 ,000outpostsprovidehydrometeorologicaldatatous.Wealsoreceivetheinformationontheenvironment.non eyear,weprepareover5millionvariousorecasts,memosan destimates.Allthisisanalyzedan dsenttotheorganizationsconcerned.Th ecommitteesigned9agreementswithvariousminis-triesndgenciesnheransfernd sefdetailedinformationinsuchkeysectorsofthenationaleconomy,asgriculture,owerngineering,ateronservation,transport,fo rthesafetyofai rflights,an dsoon .Butwe thinkthatitspracticalapplicationsar eno tsufficientyet,which is thecommon concern bothfo rou rCommitteean dfo rtheconsumerMinistersan dthatweneedclosertieswiththem.O ur informationisessentialfo ranyfeasibilitystudiesinconstruction,especiallyonalargescale. amconvinced thatwehouldormulateourssessmentnddemands regardinguchrojectsorovideorheircological"stability".[Question]Whatmeasuresdo yo uintendtotaketorein-force lasnostnheworkofheommittee, iderpublicationof information whichisof interest toallSovietpeople?[Izrael]We have againapproached allour localorganswithaninstructiontopublishalldataonenvironmentalpro-tectionan dpollution,no tjusthydrometeorologicalinfor-mationnas smedia.hesedatahavebeenlreadypublishedin2 20citiesinthecountry.ATVmonitoring stationha sbeense tupattheCommitteetotransmitthenecessary reports.A press groupisbeingpu ttogether.Thiswillallowus to considerably broadenthepublishing ofou rdata.KAMSHALOV,AleksandrIvanovich

Chairman oftheStateCommitteefo rCinematography[Text]or nn9 3 2 .ussian.raduatedro mhe Moscowtateniversityith egrees istory

teacher.Member of theCPSU.Startedasaschoolteacher,then performedKomsomolwork,wherehe advanced fromaepartmentea dfherekhovo-ZuevoLKSMGorkomMoscowegion)poheecretaryofhe VLKSMCentralCommittee.SectionheadattheCulturalDepartmentoftheCPSUCentralCommitteesince9 7 0 .Chairmanof theUSSRStateCommitteefo rCinematog-raphysince9 8 6 .[Question]YouworkedsChairmanoftheStateCom-mitteeorCinematographynhepreviousgovernment.Youplayed directolenestructuring.Wh ydoou thinkradicalchangesinthemoviebusinessdo no tpleasetheviewerswiththefilmsthatwouldcomeasrevelationsor discoveries?[Kamshalov]Themoviesmeetingtopicalpublic needs an dspectators'xpectationshouldbeegardedshemainindicatorsof drasticchangesincinema.Iagreethattheyar efew(perestroykaitselfisonlythreeyearsoldthough),an dIthinkthat"revelations"an d"discoveries"ar estillahead.Evenno w ca ningleou t numberofstriking,unorthodox, talented workscarryingastrongcivicmessagewhichwo nmanypectators'hearts.Manyofthemwo ninternationalecognition.urilmseceivedve r20 prizesat foreignfilmshowsin 9 8 7 - 1 9 8 8 ,whichIdono tthinkwehould iscard.oviet inematographyhasstrong creativepotential;younggifted bloodisflowing andIam confidentthatthescreenwillbringus alotofjoyinthenearfuture.[Question]Doesno tconomicccountabilityninemacreateadangeraprioriofusbecomingtakenwithcom-mercial,bo x fficemovies?Someecentlicksee moconfirmheseisgivings,sex,uperman'sultnd violencear e becoming standard fareonthe screen?What isyouropinion?[Kamshalov]Cinematographyisaveryspecificphenom-enonnhertsndpublicife,herereativitynd technology,ighpiritualityndbase"conomic demandsntertwine.twouldno tbeealisticognorethis.Yetle tus firstdefinecommercialcinema,boxofficesuccess.We cansaythatsucha dangerdoesexistifwe takethemoviesofmediocre rofplainowstheticvalue,deprivedofameaningfulmoralmessagean dcateringto themostundemandingtastes.Bu tet'srytooo katheproblem tanotherangle.fcinemastopsbeingcommercialasfa rasitsprofitability goes,ifmovietheatersbecomeempty,whatnewmodelofcinematographyan dwhatsocialimpactofcinemacanwe be talking about? So,Iwouldno tpi thigh creativity againstbroadpopularity,riteriaofspiritualitygainstmarketdemandsasmutuallyexclusivecategories. eenothing wrongifpartof the proceedsfroman entertainingmovieischanneledntoinancingnxperimentalproject ran interesting debut,whichar eno t guaranteedto becomeboxofficehits.[Question]Whatdoyouthinkdefinesthetype ofrelation-shipbetweenheUSSRGoskinondheUSSRFilm-makers'Union?Iscomplete tiarmonypossible?


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[Kamshalov]Ibeg yourpardon,butwh ydo agovernmentan dapubliccinemaorganizationneedacomplete"har-mony"?Itshouldbepointedout,though,hatthecom-mittee an dthe union did display nearly complete harmonyinappraisalsan dactionsseveralyearsago,which has beenstoppedtoeveryone'sbenefit.OurrelationshipwiththeUSSRFilmmakers'Unionsgovernedafterwepassedthrough periodoftension)byhetyleofcomradely cooperationasedn learnderstandingfhe commongoalsan dobjectivesindevelopingSovietcine-matography.hi soe sotuleutharpebate,fcourse.[Question]Whichhingsoouhinkouldaisehe professional skills an dcreativepotentialat republicanfilmstudios?[Kamshalov] wouldno tunderestimate theprofessionalskillsndhereativepotentialtepublicantudios.Moreover,Ithinkthat individualethniccinematographiesar ebuildingupheirreativepotential,orectively sometimesthanthisisbeingdoneatthe center.Produc-tionotentialndheaterialndechnicalas esanothermatteraltogether.Th esituationisclearlyunsatis-factorybothatthecenteran dintherepublics.Th ewearan dtearofth emainmeansofproductioninou rcinema-tographymounto0-80ercent,ndneneralts material an d technicalfacilities resemble a poor man's ragshavingafewexpensivepatchesonthemintheformofimportedequipment.Thetruthisthattheindustrycannotovercome itstechnicalbackwardness on its ow ninashortspan of time.Ibelievethatcinematography hasthe rightto claimaportionofthemeansallocatedfo rculturaldevel-opment.[Question]Whatisyour favoritemovie?Director?Actor? Can'tafavoritemaster becomeapamperedpet?DoestheUSSRGoskinohavebarriersto nepotism,favoritisman dwire-pulling.[Kamshalov]'morrybutImno tansweringtheirstpartofthequestionbecauseour personalpreferencesar eintimate,bu tpreferencesincinemaar edoublyintimate fo rme...Ido no tthink that we needbarriersto favoritism an dwire-pulling at all,ifwe talkaboutgenuinelytalentedpeople,especially young.To beserious,Ithinkitisnext toimpossibleoserganizationaleasuresnefiningone'sattitudeto acreativeindividual(Iagreethatbeingapamperedpe tca nonlyhurtatalentedperson).Onlyone's moralattitudeto business,adevelopedartistictastean dconsciousnessca nhelpanadministratoran dproduction organizernisorknheoviendustry,ithoutoversteppingadangerousborderline.KATUSHEV,KonstantinFedorovich

MinisterofForeignEconomicRelations[Text]Bornin9 27 .Russian.GraduatedformtheGorkyPolytechnicalInstitutewithadegreeinmechanicalengi-neering.Startedas a designerat th e Gorkyauto plant,thenswitchedoverto Partywork;waselectedsecondsecretaryof theAvtozavodCPSURaykom,ecretaryof theplant

Partyommittee,FirstSecretaryoftheGorkyGorkom an dObkomoftheCPSU,SecretaryoftheCPSUCentralCommittee.Laterwa sDeputyChairmanoftheUSSRCouncilfMinisters,SSRermanentepresentativewithCMEA,USSRAmbassadorto theRepublicofCuba,ChairmanfheSSRtateommitteeororeignEconomicTies.MinisterofForeignEconomicRelationssince19 8 8 .Memberof theCPSUCentralCommittee.[Question]owvirtuallynybodyfroministriesocooperativeshastherighttoenterforeignmarkets.Doweee dhe inistryfForeignconomicelationsundersuchconditions?[Katushev]Th equestionmight have beenpromptedbyan idea thatforeignexport an dimportmarkets arein the gripofcompletenarchy.hissno thease.ntegrationprocesseshavebecomepartan dparcelofworldeconomynow.Onheoreignmarkets,he ybecomevidentnclear-cut"rulesof thegame,"whichdo no truleou tstiffcompetition.Thosehavingprofessionalmarketingskillsbecomethewinnersthere.Protectionistmeasuresarealsotaken.Thatiswhyvirtually alldevelopedan ddevelopingcountrieshavespecializedgovernmentbodiestomanagean degulateoreignconomicctivities.urountrycannot be an exception.Wecannot exist withoutanationalbodythatwouldreateavorableonditionsacilitatingthentryofSovietxportersnoreignmarkets.tsessentialto fine-tunethemechanismofcoordinatingtheiractivities stepby stepto ruleou tasituationsimilarto theon einKrylov'sfableaboutaswan,alobsteran dapikewh oundertooktopullaheavyload[allof thempullinginoppositedirections].Somebody,fo rexample,shouldfor-mulateoreignconomic lans,egulatehexportofgoods ofstateimportance,whichamountto52percentofou rexports,an dimportgoodsusing centralizedresources.Weneedtooordinatetheworkofallthosewh obuildplants,nterprises,hermalowertatio

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