caracterização de polímeros.pdf

7/28/2019 Caracterizao de Polmeros.pdf

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E-papers Servios Editoriais Ltda., 2001.Todos os direitos reservados E-papers Servios Editoriais Ltda. proibida a reproduo ou transmisso destaobra, ou parte dela, por qualquer meio, sem a prvia autorizao dos editores.

Impresso no Brasil.

ISBN 85-87922-25-4

Projeto grfico e diagramao

Lvia Krykhtine

Para adquirir esta e outras publicaes, visite o site:http://www.e-papers.com.br

E-papers Servios EditoriaisIncubadora de Empresas da Coppe/UFRJCaixa Postal 68.568

Cidade Universitria Ilha do FundoCep 21.945-970Rio de Janeiro BrasilCNPJ 03.484.075/0001-83


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&RP UHODomR DR SROtPHUR UHWLFXODGR RV VHJPHQWRV TXH XQHP GXDV FDGHLDVSULQFLSDLVVmRGHQRPLQDGRVOLJDo}HVFUX]DGDV2Q~PHURGHOLJDo}HVFUX]DGDVSRGH


17/365


VHU FRQWURODGR GH PRGR D REWHU SROtPHURV OHYHPHQWH RX DOWDPHQWH UHWLFXODGRVWDPEpP GHQRPLQDGRV SROtPHURV FRP EDL[D RX DOWD GHQVLGDGH GH OLJDo}HVFUX]DGDVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH

4XDGUR&ODVVLILFDomRGHSROtPHURVTXDQWRjIRUPDPROHFXODUIL[DGDSHODVOLJDo}HVTXtPLFDV

$UTXLWHWXUDGDPROpFXOD'HVLJQDomRGR

SROtPHUR'HILQLomR

/LQHDU)RUPDGRSHODVOLJDo}HVGRVPRQ{PHURVHPXPFRPSULPHQWRFRQWtQXR

5DPLILFDGRWLSR$$UTXLWHWXUDWLSRSHQWHFRP

UDPLILFDo}HVORQJDV

5DPLILFDGRWLSR%

$UTXLWHWXUDWLSRSHQWHFRPUDPLILFDo}HVFXUWDV

5DPLILFDGRWLSR&

(VWUXWXUDGHQGUtWLFDQD

TXDODVUDPLILFDo}HVWDPEpPDSUHVHQWDPUDPLILFDo}HV

5HWLFXODGR

(VWUXWXUDVQDVTXDLVDVFDGHLDVSROLPpULFDVHVWmROLJDGDVHQWUHVLIRUPDQGR

XPDUHGHRXUHWtFXOR

SClassificao quanto rotao dos tomos da cadeia em torno deligaes primrias (conformao)

$V GXDV FRQIRUPDo}HV EiVLFDV TXH XPD PDFURPROpFXOD SRGH DVVXPLU VmR]LJXH]DJXHHQRYHORDOHDWyULR8PH[HPSORGHFRQIRUPDomR]LJXH]DJXHSODQDUpDTXHODDVVXPLGDSHODPROpFXODGHSROLHWLOHQR


18/365


0DLVXPDYH]UHSUHVHQWDQGRXPDPDFURPROpFXODFRPRXPILRGHHVSDJXHWHD

FRQIRUPDomR HP QRYHOR DOHDWyULR DVVXPLGD SRU XPD PDFURPROpFXOD pUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUXPDOLQKDHPEDUDoDGD

$FRQIRUPDomR]LJXH]DJXHpHQFRQWUDGDHPSROtPHURVQRHVWDGRVyOLGR(VWD

FRQIRUPDomR GR WLSR ]LJXH]DJXH SRGH VHU HVWHQGLGD GLVWRUFLGD RX HP KpOLFHGHSHQGHQGRGDFRQILJXUDomRGDPDFURPROpFXOD(VWHVSROtPHURVDSUHVHQWDPXP

FHUWR JUDX GH RUGHQDomR GDV FDGHLDV LVWR p DSUHVHQWDP XP FHUWR JUDX GHFULVWDOLQLGDGH

$ FRQIRUPDomR HP QRYHOR DOHDWyULR SRGH VHU HQFRQWUDGD QR HVWDGR VyOLGRTXDQGRDVFDGHLDVDSUHVHQWDPVHQRHVWDGR DPRUIRHp WDPEpPHQFRQWUDGDQRHVWDGRIXQGLGRHHPVROXomR


19/365


SClassificao quanto ao encadeamento das unidades monomricas&RQVLGHUDQGR D SROLPHUL]DomR GH PRQ{PHURV YLQtOLFRV VXEVWLWXtGRV LVWR pPRQ{PHURVTXHDSUHVHQWDPVXEVWLWXLQWHVRPHQWHHPXPGRViWRPRVGHFDUERQR

GD GXSOD OLJDomR WUrV PRGRV GLVWLQWRV GH HQFDGHDPHQWR GDV XQLGDGHVPRQRPpULFDVVmRSRVVtYHLVFRPRPRVWUDR4XDGUR

$GHQRPLQDomRFDEHoDpGDGDjSDUWHGDXQLGDGHPRQRPpULFDTXHFRPSRUWDRJUXSRVXEVWLWXLQWH3RURXWURODGRDGHQRPLQDomRFDXGDpGDGDjSDUWHGDXQLGDGHPRQRPpULFDTXHQmRSRVVXLJUXSRVXEVWLWXLQWH

4XDGUR7LSRVGHHQFDGHDPHQWRGDVXQLGDGHVPRQRPpULFDV

7LSRGHHQFDGHDPHQWR (VWUXWXUD

&DEHoDFDXGD

&DEHoDFDEHoD

FDXGDFDXGD

0LVWR

2HQFDGHDPHQWRGRWLSRFDEHoDFDXGDGXUDQWHDSROLPHUL]DomRpRPDLVXVXDOGHYLGR DRV SRVVtYHLV HIHLWRV GH LPSHGLPHQWR HVSDFLDO FDXVDGR SHORV JUXSRVVXEVWLWXLQWHV

SClassificao quanto ao arranjo dos tomos3DUWLQGRGHFDGHLDVSROLPpULFDVUHVXOWDQWHVGHHQFDGHDPHQWRGRWLSRFDEHoDFDXGDFRPRPRVWUDGR QD FODVVLILFDomR GR4XDGUR RVJUXSRV VXEVWLWXLQWHV SRGHPHVWDUGLVSRVWRVQRHVSDoRXQVHPUHODomRDRVRXWURVGHPDQHLUDVFRQILJXUDo}HV


20/365


GLIHUHQWHV,VWRpSRGHPVHUIRUPDGRVWUrVWLSRVGHDUUDQMRVGLVWLQWRVRVTXDLVVySRGHPVHUDOWHUDGRVSHODTXHEUDGHOLJDo}HVTXtPLFDV(VWHVDUUDQMRVUHFHEHUDPRQRPH GH LVRWiWLFR VLQGLRWiWLFR H DWiWLFR RX KHWHURWiWLFR VHQGR PRVWUDGRV QR4XDGUR

4XDGUR&ODVVLILFDomRTXDQWRDRDUUDQMRGRViWRPRV

(VWUXWXUD 'HVLJQDomR 'HILQLomR

,VRWiWLFR

7RGRVRVDWRPRVGHFDUERQRDVVLPpWULFRJHUDGRVSRVVXHPDPHVPDFRQILJXUDomR.

6LQGLRWiWLFR

$PROpFXODDSUHVHQWDDOWHUQkQFLDGHFRQILJXUDomRGRViWRPRVGHFDUERQRDVVLPpWULFRVJHUDGRV

$WiWLFR

RXKHWHURWiWLFR

1mRKiRUGHPQDVHTrQFLDGH

FRQILJXUDomRGRViWRPRVGHFDUERQRDVVLPpWULFRVJHUDGRV

SClassificao quanto ao modo de preparao'XUDQWH R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD FLrQFLD GH SROtPHURV GXDV FODVVLILFDo}HV GHSROtPHURVWrPVLGRXVDGDV8PDFODVVLILFDomRGLYLGHRVSROLPHURVHPSROtPHURVGHFRQGHQVDomR H SROtPHURV GH DGLomR $ RXWUD GLYLGH RV SROtPHURV HPSROtPHURV GHHWDSD H SROtPHURV GH FDGHLD 2V WHUPRV FRQGHQVDomR H HWDSDV VmR XVDGRVQRUPDOPHQWH FRPRVLQ{QLPRVDVVLPFRPRRVWHUPRVDGLomRHFDGHLD3RUpPDVGXDVFODVVLILFDo}HVVXUJHPGHGXDVEDVHVGLIHUHQWHVGHFODVVLILFDomRHRXVRGHVWHVWHUPRV FRPR VLQ{QLPRV SRGH DOJXPDV YH]HV FDXVDU FRQIXVmR $ FODVVLILFDomRFRQGHQVDomRDGLomR p SULPDULDPHQWH DSOLFiYHO j FRPSRVLomR RX HVWUXWXUD GRVSROtPHURV $ FODVVLILFDomR HWDSDFDGHLD p EDVHDGD QR 0HFDQLVPR GDV UHDo}HV GHSROLPHUL]DomR


21/365


SClassificao condensao-adio (segundo W. H. Carothers)3ROtPHURV GH FRQGHQVDomR HUDP DTXHOHV SROtPHURV IRUPDGRV D SDUWLU GHPRQ{PHURV SROLIXQFLRQDLV SRU PHLR GH YiULDV UHDo}HV GH TXtPLFD RUJkQLFD

HQYROYHQGRJUXSRVIXQFLRQDLVFRPDHOLPLQDomRGHDOJXPDPROpFXODSHTXHQD3RUH[HPSORDUHDomRGHGLDPLQDVHGLiFLGRVIRUPDQGRSROLDPLGDVHHOLPLQDQGRiJXDGHDFRUGRFRPDHTXDomRDVHJXLU

RQGH5H5VmRJUXSRVDOLIiWLFRVRXDURPiWLFRV$XQLGDGHTXHVHHQFRQWUDHQWUHSDUrQWHVHVQDIyUPXODGDSROLDPLGDUHSHWHVHGLYHUVDVYH]HVQDFDGHLDSROLPpULFDHpGHQRPLQDGDXQLGDGHUHSHWLWLYDRXXQLGDGHEiVLFD$FRPSRVLomRGDXQLGDGHUHSHWLWLYD GLIHUH GDFRPSRVLomRGRV GRLV PRQ{PHURV SHODSHUGDGDPROpFXODGHiJXD2VSROtPHURVGHFRQGHQVDomRPDLVFRPXQVHDUHDomRDWUDYpVGDTXDOHOHVVmRIRUPDGRVVmRPRVWUDGRVQR4XDGUR

4XDGUR3ROtPHURVGHFRQGHQVDomRWtSLFRV

7LSRGH

SROtPHUR

/LJDomR

FDUDFWHUtVWLFD(VWUXWXUDGRSROtPHURUHVXOWDQWH

3ROLDPLGD

H2N-R-N2H + HO2 C-R-CO2H H-(NH-R- HCO-R-CO-)nOH + H2O

H2N-R-N2H + ClOC-R-COCl H-(NH-R- HCO-R-CO-)n Cl + HCl

H2N-R-CO2H H-(NH-R-CO-)nOH + H2O

3URWHtQDOmVHGD

Polmeros de polipeptdeos que ocorrem naturalmente

H-(NH-R-CONH-R-CO-)nOH + H2O H2N-R-CO2H + H2N-R-CO2H

3ROLpVWHU

HO-R-OH + HO2 C-R-CO2H H-(O-R-OCO-R-CO-)nOH + H2O

HO-R-OH + RO2C-R-CO2R H-(O-R-OCO-R-CO-)n Cl + ROH

HO-R-CO2H H-(O-R-CO-)nOH + H2O

&HOXORVHOC Ocorre naturalmente-(C6H12O4-)n- + H2O C6H12O6


22/365


3ROtPHURV GH DGLomR HUDP FODVVLILFDGRV FRPR DTXHOHV IRUPDGRV D SDUWLU GHPRQ{PHURVVHPRFRUUHUDSHUGDGHXPDPROpFXODSHTXHQD$XQLGDGHUHSHWLWLYDGHXPSROtPHURGHDGLomRWHPDFRPSRVLomRLJXDOjGRPRQ{PHUR2VSULQFLSDLVPRQ{PHURV GH DGLomR VmR DTXHOHV RULXQGRV GH PRQ{PHURV YLQtOLFRV (VWHV

PRQ{PHURV VmR LQGX]LGRV D UHDJLU FRP HOHV PHVPRV SDUD IRUPDU SROtPHURVDWUDYpVGDFRQYHUVmRGHVXDVOLJDo}HVGXSODVHPOLJDo}HVVDWXUDGDVGHDFRUGRFRPDHTXDomRDVHJXLU

nCH2 = CHR -(CH2 CHR)n-

RQGH5SRGHVHUTXDOTXHUJUXSRVXEVWLWXLQWHWDLVFRPRKLGURJrQLRDOTXLODDULODQLWULODpVWHUiFLGRFHWRQDpWHUHKDORJrQLR2VSROtPHURVGHDGLomRPDLVFRPXQVH RV PRQ{PHURV D SDUWLU GRV TXDLV HOHV VmR SURGX]LGRV VmR PRVWUDGRV QR4XDGUR

4XDGUR3ROtPHURVGHDGLomRWtSLFRV3ROtPHUR 0RQ{PHUR 8QLGDGHUHSHWLWLYD

3ROLHWLOHQR

3ROLLVREXWLOHQR

3ROLDFULORQLWULOD

3ROLFORUHWRGHYLQLOD

3ROLHVWLUHQR

3ROLPHWDFULODWRGHPHWLOD

3ROLLVRSUHQR


23/365


&RPRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDFLrQFLDGHSROtPHURVHRHVWXGRGHQRYRVSURFHVVRVGH SROLPHUL]DomR H REWHQomR GH QRYRV PDWHULDLV D FODVVLILFDomR RULJLQDO GH&DURWKHUVWRUQRXVHLQDGHTXDGDHPFHUWRVFDVRV3RUH[HPSORRVSROLXUHWDQRVVmRIRUPDGRVSHODUHDomRGHGLyLVFRPLVRFLDQDWRVVHPTXHRFRUUDDHOLPLQDomRGH

TXDOTXHUPROpFXODSHTXHQDGHDFRUGRFRPDHTXDomRDVHJXLU

8VDQGR D FODVVLILFDomR RULJLQDO GH &DURWKHUV RV SROLXUHWDQRV VHULDP

FODVVLILFDGRV FRPR SROtPHURV GH DGLomR XPD YH] TXH D XQLGDGH UHSHWLWLYD GRSROtPHUR WHP D PHVPD FRPSRVLomR TXH DTXHOD GRV PRQ{PHURV (QWUHWDQWR RVSROLXUHWDQRV VmR HVWUXWXUDOPHQWH PXLWR PDLV VLPLODUHV DRV SROtPHURV GHFRQGHQVDomRGRTXHDRVSROtPHURVGHDGLomR

3DUD HYLWDU D FODVVLILFDomR LQFRUUHWD GRV SROLXUHWDQRV H GH DOJXQV RXWURVSROtPHURV DWXDOPHQWH D FODVVLILFDomR WHP FRQVLGHUDGR D HVWUXWXUD TXtPLFD GRVJUXSRV SUHVHQWHV QDV FDGHLDV SROLPpULFDV 3ROtPHURV GH FRQGHQVDomR WrP VLGRGHILQLGRVFRPRDTXHOHVFXMDVXQLGDGHVUHSHWLWLYDVVmROLJDGDVHQWUHVLSRUXQLGDGHVIXQFLRQDLVGLVWLQWDVSRUH[HPSORpVWHUDPLGDXUHWDQRpWHU

(PUHVXPRXPSROtPHURpFODVVLILFDGRFRPRXPSROtPHURGHFRQGHQVDomRVHS

VXDVtQWHVHHQYROYHDHOLPLQDomRGHPROpFXODVSHTXHQDVRXSRSROtPHURFRQWpPJUXSRVIXQFLRQDLVFRPRSDUWHGDFDGHLDSROLPpULFDHQmRFRPRJUXSRVSHQGHQWHV

6HRSROtPHURQmRSUHHQFKHQHQKXPGHVVHVUHTXLVLWRVHOHpFODVVLILFDGRFRPRSROtPHURGHDGLomR

Classificao etapa-cadeia (segundo J. P. Flory)(VVDFODVVLILFDomRpEDVHDGDQRPHFDQLVPRSHORTXDORVSROtPHURVVmRIRUPDGRV

(QWmR SROtPHURV HP HWDSD VmR DTXHOHV SURGX]LGRV SRU PHLR GH UHDomR GHSROLPHUL]DomRHPHWDSDVHSROtPHURVHPFDGHLDVmRDTXHOHVSURGX]LGRVSRUUHDomRGHSROLPHUL]DomRHPFDGHLD

1DSROLPHUL]DomRHPHWDSDVRWDPDQKRGDVPROpFXODVGHSROtPHURDXPHQWDDXPDYHORFLGDGHUHODWLYDPHQWHEDL[D$SDUWLUGRPRQ{PHURIRUPDVHRGtPHURTXHUHDJLQGRFRPRXWURPRQ{PHURSURGX]RWUtPHURRXOLJDQGRVHDRXWURGtPHURSURGX]XPWHWUkPHURHDVVLPSRUGLDQWHDWpDPROpFXODGRSROtPHURFRQWHUXPJUDQGHQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVGRVPRQ{PHURV


24/365


1DSROLPHUL]DomRHPFDGHLDRWDPDQKRILQDOGDVFDGHLDVSROLPpULFDVpDWLQJLGRTXDVH TXH LPHGLDWDPHQWH DSyV R LQtFLR GD UHDomR $ SROLPHUL]DomR HP FDGHLDUHTXHUXPLQLFLDGRUDSDUWLUGRTXDOpSURGX]LGDXPDHVSpFLHFRQWHQGRXPFHQWURUHDWLYR52FHQWURUHDWLYRSRGHVHUXPUDGLFDO OLYUHXPFiWLRQRXXPkQLRQ$

SROLPHUL]DomRRFRUUHFRPDSURSDJDomRGDVHVSpFLHVUHDWLYDVSRUPHLRGHDGLo}HVVXFHVVLYDV GH PROpFXODV GH PRQ{PHUR 2 FUHVFLPHQWR GD FDGHLD SROLPpULFD pLQWHUURPSLGRTXDQGRRFHQWURUHDWLYRpGHVWUXtGR

$ )LJXUD LOXVWUD R PHFDQLVPR GDV UHDo}HV HP HWDSDV H HP FDGHLD 2VSRQWLQKRVUHSUHVHQWDPPRQ{PHURVQRPHLRUHDFLRQDO

)LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDomRHVTXHPiWLFDGHUHDo}HVGHSROLPHUL]DomR,HPHWDSDV,,HPFDGHLD

$ FODVVLILFDomR GH SROtPHURV GH DFRUGR FRP R PHFDQLVPR GH SROLPHUL]DomRDVVLP FRPR DTXHOH EDVHDGR QD FRPSRVLomR H HVWUXWXUD QmR p GH WRGR VHPDPELJLGDGHV$VSROLPHUL]Do}HVSRUDEHUWXUDGHDQHOGHPRQ{PHURVFtFOLFRVWDLVFRPRSROLy[LGRGHSURSLOHQR


25/365


RXFDSURODFWDPD

SRGHP SURFHGHU WDQWR SHOR PHFDQLVPR HP FDGHLD TXDQWR SHOR PHFDQLVPR HPHWDSDV GHSHQGHQGR GDV FRQGLo}HV UHDFLRQDLV H GR LQLFLDGRU HPSUHJDGR 2SROtPHUR REWLGR p R PHVPR LQGHSHQGHQWH GR PHFDQLVPR XWLOL]DGR 7DLVSROLPHUL]Do}HVHYLGHQFLDPPXLWRFODUDPHQWHDQHFHVVLGDGHGHGLVWLQJXLUVHHQWUHDFODVVLILFDomR EDVHDGD QR PHFDQLVPR GH SROLPHUL]DomR H DTXHOD EDVHDGD QDHVWUXWXUDGRSROtPHUR

SClassificao quanto ao comportamento mecnico([LVWHXPDDPSODYDULHGDGHGHSROtPHURVVLQWpWLFRVDEUDQJHQGRXPDODUJDIDL[DGHSURSULHGDGHV(VWHVSROtPHURVSRGHPVHUDJUXSDGRVHPWUrVFODVVHVSULQFLSDLVTXDQWRDRFRPSRUWDPHQWRPHFkQLFRTXHVmRSSOiVWLFRVSILEUDVSHODVW{PHURV

$SHVDU GH QmR H[LVWLU XPD GLYLVmR PXLWREHP OLPLWDGD HQWUHRV JUXSRV HVWDFODVVLILFDomRp~WLOGRSRQWRGHYLVWDWHFQROyJLFR8PPpWRGRTXHSRGHVHUXVDGRSDUDGHILQLUXPPHPEURGHXPDGHVVDVFDWHJRULDVpDDQiOLVHGHXPJUiILFRGHWHQVmRYHUVXVGHIRUPDomR3OiVWLFRVUtJLGRVHILEUDVVmRUHVLVWHQWHVjGHIRUPDomRHVmR FDUDFWHUL]DGRVSRUXPYDORUGHPyGXORDOWRHSRUFHQWDJHQVGHDORQJDPHQWREDL[DV (ODVW{PHURV SURGX]HP GHIRUPDomR LPHGLDWD H H[LEHP SRUFHQWDJHQV GHDORQJDPHQWRDOWDV H UHYHUVtYHLV TXDQGR VXEPHWLGRV D SHTXHQDV WHQV}HV LVWRpH[LEHP HODVWLFLGDGH 3OiVWLFRV IOH[tYHLV WrP XPFRPSRUWDPHQWR LQWHUPHGLiULR$)LJXUDGHVFUHYHRFRPSRUWDPHQWRPHFkQLFRGDVWUrVFDWHJRULDV

'HXPPRGRJHUDORVWHUPRVGHILQLGRVDSDUWLUGR FRPSRUWDPHQWRPHFkQLFRVmRGHVFULWRVDVHJXLUS%RUUDFKDV RX HODVW{PHURV VmR PDWHULDLV PDFURPROHFXODUHV TXH H[LEHPHODVWLFLGDGHHPORQJDIDL[DjWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHS3OiVWLFRVVmRPDWHULDLVTXHFRQWrPFRPRFRPSRQHQWHSULQFLSDOXPSROtPHURRUJkQLFRVLQWpWLFRHVHFDUDFWHUL]DPSHODFDSDFLGDGHGHVHWRUQDUHPIOXLGRVHDVVLPVmRFDSD]HVGHVHUHPPROGDGRVSRUDomRGRFDORUHSUHVVmR


26/365


S)LEUD p XP FRUSR TXH WHP XPD UD]mR HOHYDGD HQWUH R FRPSULPHQWR H DVGLPHQV}HV ODWHUDLV H p FRPSRVWRSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHPDFURPROpFXODV OLQHDUHVRULHQWDGDVORQJLWXGLQDOPHQWH

)LJXUD&XUYDVGHWHQVmRYHUVXVGHIRUPDomRYVWtSLFDVSDUDXPSOiVWLFRUtJLGRXPDILEUDXPSOiVWLFRIOH[tYHOHXPHODVW{PHUR

SClassificao quanto s caractersticas de fusibilidade4XDQWR jV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH IXVLELOLGDGH RV PDWHULDLV SROLPpULFRV SRGHP VHU

GLYLGLGRV HP WHUPRSOiVWLFRV H WHUPRUUtJLGRV 6mR GHQRPLQDGRV WHUPRSOiVWLFRV RVSROtPHURVFDSD]HVGHVHUHPPROGDGRVYiULDVYH]HVGHYLGRjVXDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHWRUQDUVH IOXLGR VRE D DomR GD WHPSHUDWXUD H GHSRLV UHWRUQDUjV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDQWHULRUHVTXDQGRKiXPGHFUpVFLPRGHWHPSHUDWXUD3RURXWURODGRRVSROtPHURVTXHQmRVmRFDSD]HVGHWRUQDUHPVHIOXLGRVSRUTXHDVFDGHLDVPDFURPROHFXODUHVHVWmR XQLGDV HQWUH VL SRU OLJDo}HV TXtPLFDV UHWLFXODomR VmR GHQRPLQDGRVWHUPRUUtJLGRV


27/365


SClassificaoquanto estrutura qumica$ FODVVLILFDomR TXDQWR j HVWUXWXUD TXtPLFD p PHOKRU DSOLFDGD D SROtPHURV GHFRQGHQVDomR 2SROtPHURUHVXOWDQWHpGHVLJQDGRSHORQRPHGDIDPtOLDTXtPLFDDTXHSHUWHQFH3RUH[HPSORQRFDVRGDSROLPHUL]DomRGRiFLGRWHUHIWiOLFRFRPR

JOLFROHWLOrQLFRRSROtPHURUHVXOWDQWHpRWHUHIWDODWRGHHWLOHQR$UHDomRGRiFLGRWHUHIWiOLFRFRP JOLFRO EXWLOrQLFR UHVXOWDQRWHUHIWDODWRGHEXWLOHQR (PDPERVRVFDVRVDHVWUXWXUDTXtPLFDJHUDOGHVVHVSROtPHURVSRGHVHUUHSUHVHQWDGDSRU

3ROtPHURVFRPHVWDHVWUXWXUDJHUDOVmRGHQRPLQDGRVSROLpVWHUHV

'D PHVPD IRUPD SROtPHURV REWLGRV D SDUWLU GH UHDo}HV HQWUH JUXSDPHQWRV

IXQFLRQDLV GDQGR RULJHP D OLJDo}HVDPLGDQD FDGHLD SULQFLSDO VmR GHQRPLQDGRVSROLDPLGDV

SClassificao quanto variedade de meros que compem a cadeia$UHDomRGHSROLPHUL]DomRGHHWLOHQRGiRULJHPDRSROLHWLOHQR-iDSROLPHUL]DomRGR PHWDFULODWR GH PHWLOD Gi RULJHP DR SROLPHWDFULODWR GH PHWLOD (VVHV VmRH[HPSORV GH SROtPHURV IRUPDGRV SRU XP ~QLFR WLSR GH PHUR RX XQLGDGHUHSHWLWLYDHSRULVVRVmRGHQRPLQDGRVKRPRSROtPHURV

8PDFDGHLDGHSROtPHURSRGHVHUIRUPDGDSRUPDLVGHXPWLSRGHPHURSRU

H[HPSORXPDFDGHLDFRQVWLWXtGDGHHWLOHQRHSURSLOHQR1HVWHFDVRRSROtPHURpGHQRPLQDGR FRSROtPHUR RV PRQ{PHURV TXH UHDJLUDP SDUD IRUPDU HVVHFRSROtPHURV VmR GHQRPLQDGRV FRPRQ{PHURV H D UHDomR TXH GHX RULJHP DRFRSROtPHUR p GHVLJQDGD FRSROLPHUL]DomR 1RWH TXH p DSHQDV XPD TXHVWmR GHGHQRPLQDo}HV GLIHUHQWHV SDUD R PHVPR FRPSRVWR GHSHQGHQGR GD VLWXDomR RHWLOHQRUHDJLQGRVR]LQKRSDUDIRUPDUXPKRPRSROtPHURpFKDPDGRGHPRQ{PHURMi R PHVPR HWLOHQR UHDJLQGR FRP R SURSLOHQR SDUD IRUPDU XP FRSROtPHUR pFKDPDGRGHFRPRQ{PHUR

$VVLPH[HPSOLILFDQGRGRLVPRQ{PHURVFRPR$H%HVVHVPRQ{PHURVSRGHPGDURULJHPDGRLVKRPRSROtPHURV

~A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A~

H

~B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B~

RXVLPSOHVPHQWH

-[A]- H -[B]-


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1.3 Nomenclatura de polmeros3DUDILQDOL]DUHVWDSHTXHQDLQWURGXomRVHUiIHLWDXPDDERUGDJHPUHVXPLGDVREUHQRPHQFODWXUDGHSROtPHURV


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([LVWHPTXDWURWLSRVEiVLFRVGHQRPHQFODWXUDGHSROtPHURVS1RPHQFODWXUD EDVHDGD QRV PRQ{PHURV GH RULJHP SDUD SROtPHURVIRUPDGRVDSDUWLUGHXP~QLFRWLSRGHPRQ{PHURS1RPHQFODWXUD EDVHDGD QD HVWUXWXUD TXtPLFD UHSHWLWLYD GRSROtPHUR SDUD

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SNomenclatura baseada no(s) monmero(s) de origem, para polmerosformados a partir de um nico monmero

(VWD QRPHQFODWXUD p D PHQRV DPEtJXD SDUD QRPHDU SROtPHURV GH DGLomR HSROtPHURVGHFRQGHQVDomRIRUPDGRVDSDUWLUGHXP~QLFRPRQ{PHUR

Para polmeros de adio1R FDVR GH KRPRSROtPHURV R QRPH GR SROtPHUR p IRUPDGR SHOD SDUWtFXODSROLVHJXLGD GR QRPH GR PRQ{PHUR TXH GHX RULJHP DR SROtPHUR 3RU H[HPSORSROLHWLOHQR SROLSURSLOHQR SROLDFULORQLWULOD H SROLHVWLUHQR 4XDQGR R QRPH GRPRQ{PHUR p XP QRPH FRPSRVWR HVWH DSDUHFH HQWUH SDUrQWHVHV 3RU H[HPSORSROLPHWDFULODWRGHPHWLODSROLFORUHWRGHYLQLODHSROLy[LGRGHHWLOHQR

Para polmeros de condensao1HVWHFDVRRQRPHGRSROtPHURWDPEpPpIRUPDGRSHODSDUWtFXODSROLVHJXLGDSHORQRPH GR ~QLFR PRQ{PHUR TXH GHX RULJHP DR SROtPHUR 3RU H[HPSOR QDFRQGHQVDomR GR iFLGR DPLQR OiXULFR SDUD REWHQomR GH XPD SROLDPLGD VHUiIRUPDGRRSROLiFLGRDPLQROiXULFR

SNomenclatura baseada na estrutura qumica repetitiva do polmero, parapolmeros formados a partir de dois ou mais tipos de monmeros

Para polmeros de condensao3ROtPHURV GH FRQGHQVDomR VLQWHWL]DGRV D SDUWLU GH GRLV RX PDLV WLSRV GHPRQ{PHURVSRUH[HPSORXPGLiFLGRHXPGLiOFRROVmRQRPHDGRVSHODSDUWtFXODSROLVHJXLGDSHORQRPHGDHVWUXWXUDTXtPLFDGDXQLGDGHUHSHWLWLYD3RUH[HPSORQD UHDomR GH FRQGHQVDomR GR iFLGR WHUHIWiOLFR FRP R JOLFRO HWLOrQLFR SDUD GDURULJHPDXPSROLpVWHUDXQLGDGHUHSHWLWLYDIRUPDGDpRWHUHIWDODWRGHHWLOHQRHSRULVVRRQRPHGRSROtPHURUHVXOWDQWHVHUiSROLWHUHIWDODWRGHHWLOHQR

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4XDQGR D VHTrQFLD GDV XQLGDGHV TXtPLFDV QR FRSROtPHUR p GHVFRQKHFLGDXWLOL]DVHDSDUWtFXODFR

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Introduo aoComportamento deSolues de Polmeros

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,QWURGXomRDR&RPSRUWDPHQWRGH6ROXo}HVGH3ROtPHURV

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$FXUYD$H[LEHXPDGHSHQGrQFLDOLQHDUWDOFRPRSUHYrDOHLGH5DRXOW(VWDVROXomRSRVVXLXPFRPSRUWDPHQWRLGHDO1mRH[LVWHLQWHUDomRSUHIHUHQFLDOHQWUHRVFRPSRQHQWHVHQRUPDOPHQWHRFRUUHTXDQGRVXEVWkQFLDVGHHVWUXWXUDTXtPLFDHGHWDPDQKRVPROHFXODUHVVHPHOKDQWHVVmRPLVWXUDGDV

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2GHVYLRGDLGHDOLGDGHVLJQLILFDTXH

H 0 e Hi 0 (2.13)

Smis Smis (ideal) (2.14)

(VVH GHVYLR SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGR SHOR FiOFXOR GD YDULDomR GD IXQomRWHUPRGLQkPLFD HP H[FHVVR TXH p D GLIHUHQoD HQWUH D YDULDomR GD IXQomRWHUPRGLQkPLFD QD IRUPDomR GH XPD VROXomR UHDO H D YDULDomR GD IXQomRWHUPRGLQkPLFDQDIRUPDomRGHXPDVROXomRLGHDO$VVLP

Gexc = Gmis -G(ideal) (2.15)

Sexc = Smis -S(ideal) (2.16)

&RPELQDQGRDVHTXDo}HVHREWpPVHDGHILQLomRGRSRWHQFLDOTXtPLFRSDUDXPDVROXomRUHDOEDVHDGDQDUD]mRHQWUHDVSUHVV}HVGHYDSRUGRVROYHQWHQDVROXomRHGRVROYHQWHSXURFRPRGHVFULWDDVHJXLU

i i

i

i

oG RTp

p = = ln (2.17)

SLSUHVVmRGHYDSRUSDUFLDOGRVROYHQWHQDVROXomRSL

RSUHVVmRGHYDSRUSDUFLDOGRVROYHQWHSXUR

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6ROXo}HV YHUGDGHLUDVGHSROtPHURV SRVVXHPFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HVSHFtILFDVTXH DV

GLVWLQJXHP GH VROXo}HV GH VXEVWkQFLDV GH EDL[R SHVR PROHFXODU (VWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVmRGHYLGDVjJUDQGHGLIHUHQoDGHWDPDQKRPROHFXODUHLQFOXHPSLQFKDPHQWRDQWHVGDGLVVROXomRSYLVFRVLGDGHDOWDSGLIXVmROHQWDSLQFDSDFLGDGHGHDWUDYHVVDUXPDPHPEUDQDVHPLSHUPHiYHO

2SURFHVVRGHGLVVROXomRRFRUUHGDVHJXLQWHIRUPD TXDQGRXPSROtPHURpSRVWRHPFRQWDWRFRPXPVROYHQWHRSULPHLURSURFHVVR

TXHRFRUUHpRLQFKDPHQWRGRSROtPHURRXVHMDRSROtPHURDEVRUYHPROpFXODVGR VROYHQWH DXPHQWDQGR DPDVVD H R YROXPH 1R ILQDO GR LQFKDPHQWR HOHVIRUPDPXPD~QLFDFDPDGDTXHFRQVLVWHGRSROtPHURHGROtTXLGRDEVRUYLGR

R SROtPHUR LQFKDGR FRH[LVWH GXUDQWH DOJXP WHPSRFRPD FDPDGD GR OtTXLGRSXUR

DSyVXPFHUWRWHPSRTXDQGRDVFDGHLDVSROLPpULFDVFRQVHJXHPDGTXLULUPDLRUPRELOLGDGH HODV FRPHoDP D VH GLIXQGLU OHQWDPHQWH QR VROYHQWH DWp IRUPDUXPDVROXomRKRPRJrQHD

1RLQtFLRGRSURFHVVRH[LVWHSRUWDQWRVROYHQWHSXURHXPDVROXomRFRPSRVWDGHSROtPHURVROYHQWH2SRWHQFLDOTXtPLFRGRVROYHQWHSXUR RpPDLRUGRTXHRSRWHQFLDO TXtPLFR GR VROYHQWH QD VROXomR 2 HTXLOtEULR WHUPRGLQkPLFR pDOFDQoDGRTXDQGRRXVHMD

R3DUDTXHLVWRRFRUUDDVPROpFXODVGRVROYHQWHYmRSDVVDQGRFDGDYH]PDLVSDUDDVROXomRDXPHQWDQGRGHVWDIRUPDRSRWHQFLDOTXtPLFRGDVROXomR

2LQFKDPHQWRQmRpQHFHVVDULDPHQWHXPDSHQHWUDomRGHSHTXHQDVPROpFXODVQD IDVH GR SROtPHUR HQFKHQGR VHXV HVSDoRV YD]LRV 2 LQFKDPHQWR HQYROYH

LQHYLWDYHOPHQWH XPD PXGDQoD QR DUUDQMR HVSDFLDO GDV FDGHLDV SROLPpULFDVUHVXOWDQGR HP XP DXPHQWR GH YROXPH GD DPRVWUD 2 LQFKDPHQWR SRGH VHULOLPLWDGRRXOLPLWDGR

Inchamento ilimitadoe R LQFKDPHQWR TXH SDVVD HVSRQWDQHDPHQWH SDUD D GLVVROXomR 0ROpFXODV GHSROtPHUR GLIHUHP HP WDPDQKR H SRUWDQWR WrP PRELOLGDGHV GLIHUHQWHV $VPROpFXODV GR VROYHQWH SRVVXHP PDLRU PRELOLGDGH GR TXH DV PROpFXODV GRSROtPHUR 'HVWD IRUPD R SROtPHUR QmR WHP WHPSR GH SDVVDU SDUD D IDVH GR


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Inchamento limitado

4XDQGRDLQWHUDomRGRSROtPHURFRPRVROYHQWHpOLPLWDGDDRHVWiJLRGHVRUomRGROtTXLGRSHORSROtPHURDGLVVROXomRHVSRQWkQHDGRSROtPHURQmRRFRUUHRXVHMDDVFDGHLDV SROLPpULFDV QmR VH VHSDUDP FRPSOHWDPHQWH XPDV GDV RXWUDV 2FRUUH DIRUPDomRGHGXDVIDVHVDVROXomRGROtTXLGRQRSROtPHURHXPDRXWUDGRVROYHQWHSXUR RX GH XPD VROXomR EHP GLOXtGD GH SROtPHUR (VWDV IDVHV VH HQFRQWUDPFODUDPHQWH VHSDUDGDV (VWH SURFHVVR SRGH RFRUUHU WDQWR HP SROtPHURV OLQHDUHVFRPRHPSROtPHURVUHWLFXODGRV

(PSROtPHURVOLQHDUHVRLQFKDPHQWRpOLPLWDGRVREGHWHUPLQDGDVFRQGLo}HVWDLVFRPRWHPSHUDWXUDHFRQFHQWUDomRGDVROXomR4XDQGRDLQWHUDomRSROtPHUR

SROtPHURpPDLRUGRTXHDLQWHUDomRSROtPHURVROYHQWHDVFDGHLDVQmRVHVHSDUDPFRPSOHWDPHQWH&RP DYDULDomRGDWHPSHUDWXUD R LQFKDPHQWR OLPLWDGRSRGHVHWRUQDULOLPLWDGRUHVXOWDQGRHPXPDVROXomRKRPRJrQHD

6H R SROtPHUR p FRPSRVWR SRU XPD UHGH WULGLPHQVLRQDO IRUPDGD DWUDYpV GHOLJDo}HVTXtPLFDVHQWUHDVFDGHLDVSROLPpULFDVHVWDVFDGHLDVQmRVHVHSDUDPHPTXDOTXHU WHPSHUDWXUD DEDL[R GD GHFRPSRVLomR GR SROtPHUR (OHV QmR VHGLVVROYHPHRSURFHVVRGHGLVVROXomRpOLPLWDGRDRHVWiJLRGHLQFKDPHQWR

$ TXDQWLGDGH GH OtTXLGR DEVRUYLGR SRU XQLGDGH GH PDVVD RX YROXPH GRSROtPHURpGHQRPLQDGDJUDXGHLQFKDPHQWR2JUDXGHLQFKDPHQWRGHSHQGHGDLQWHUDomRSROtPHURVROYHQWHHGRJUDXGHUHWLFXODomRQDDPRVWUD

2.4 Afinidade termodinmica entre um solvente e um polmero6RE R DVSHFWR WHUPRGLQkPLFR GXDV RX PDLV VXEVWkQFLDV VmR FDSD]HV GH VHPLVWXUDUHP VHR SURFHVVRRFRUUHU HVSRQWDQHDPHQWH QDGLUHomR GD IRUPDomRGDPLVWXUD

3URFHVVRVDSUHVVmRHDWHPSHUDWXUDFRQVWDQWHVRFRUUHPHVSRQWDQHDPHQWHQDGLUHomRGDGLPLQXLomRGDHQHUJLDOLYUHGH*LEEVRXQDGLUHomRGDGLPLQXLomRGR

SRWHQFLDOTXtPLFRGHFDGDFRPSRQHQWH*PSURFHVVRHVSRQWkQHR*PHVWDGRGHHTXLOtEULR*P!SURFHVVRQmRRFRUUH

4XDQWR PDLRU IRU D GLIHUHQoD HQWUH D HQHUJLD OLYUH GD VROXomR H D GRVFRPSRQHQWHVPDLRUVHUiDDILQLGDGHWHUPRGLQkPLFDHPDLVSHUIHLWRVHUiRSURFHVVRGHLQWHUDomR


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LVmRDOWRVTXDQGR

HOHVLQWHUDJHPFRPSROtPHURVS0DXVVROYHQWHVVROYHQWHVHPTXHDLQWHUDomRFRPSROtPHURVpDFRPSDQKDGD

GHSHTXHQDYDULDomRGH*HL

(QWmRpSUHFLVRFRQKHFHURVYDORUHVGH*HLSDUDDYDOLDUDTXDOLGDGHGR

VROYHQWH$ DILQLGDGH WHUPRGLQkPLFD HQWUH SROtPHUR H VROYHQWH SRGH VHU DYDOLDGD SRU

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,VWR TXHU GL]HU TXH D DILQLGDGH WHUPRGLQkPLFD SRGH VHU FDUDFWHUL]DGD SRUDOJXQV SDUkPHWURV D YDULDomR QR SRWHQFLDO TXtPLFR GRV FRPSRQHQWHV L DHQHUJLD OLYUHGHPLVWXUD*P R VHJXQGR FRHILFLHQWHYLULDO$HRSDUkPHWURGHLQWHUDomRGH)ORU\+XJJLQV2.4.1 Presso de vapor na soluo de polmero1RHVWDGRGHHTXLOtEULRKiVHPSUHYDSRUGRVFRPSRQHQWHVVREUHDVROXomROtTXLGD8PDPDFURPROpFXODQmRFRQVHJXHSDVVDUSDUDRHVWDGRGHYDSRU/RJRDSUHVVmRSDUFLDOGRVHXYDSRUpSUDWLFDPHQWHLJXDOD]HUR$SUHVVmRGHYDSRUTXHVHPHGHpHVVHQFLDOPHQWH D SUHVVmR GH YDSRU GR FRPSRQHQWH GH EDL[R SHVR PROHFXODUVROYHQWH VREUH D VROXomR (VWD p VHPSUH PHQRU GR TXH D SUHVVmR GH YDSRU GRVROYHQWH SXUR 4XDQWR PDLRU IRU D LQWHUDomR SROtPHURVROYHQWH PHQRU VHUi DSUHVVmRGHYDSRUGRVROYHQWHQDVROXomR

2.4.2 Presso osmtica2VPRVHpRIHQ{PHQRGHSHQHWUDomRGHXPVROYHQWHHPXPDVROXomRDWUDYpVGHXPD PHPEUDQD VHPLSHUPHiYHO LVWR p XPD PHPEUDQD SHUPHiYHO VRPHQWH DPROpFXODVSHTXHQDV3DUDDREVHUYDomRGRIHQ{PHQRDVROXomRGHXPVROXWRHPXP GHWHUPLQDGR VROYHQWH H R VROYHQWH SXUR HVWmR VHSDUDGRV SHOD PHPEUDQDVHPLSHUPHiYHO $ WHQGrQFLD GDV PROpFXODV GH VROYHQWH HP SDVVDU HVSRQWDQHDPHQWHSDUD D VROXomRGHYLGR jGLIHUHQoD GHSRWHQFLDO TXtPLFR

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FRPSDUWLPHQWRFRPSDUHGHVUtJLGDVFRQWHQGRDSHQDVXPSHTXHQRRULItFLRSDUDDDGLomR GR VROYHQWH $VVLP R LQFKDPHQWR GR SROtPHUR RFRUUH VHP DXPHQWR GHYROXPH H D SUHVVmR H[HUFLGD VREUH HVWDV SDUHGHV p GHQRPLQDGD SUHVVmR GHLQFKDPHQWR

4XDQWR PDLRU IRU D LQWHUDomR SROtPHURVROYHQWH PDLRU VHUi D WHQGrQFLD GRVROYHQWHGHSDVVDUSDUD DVROXomRVROYHQWHGLVVROYLGRQRSROtPHUR HPDLRUVHUiHQWmRDSUHVVmRGHLQFKDPHQWR

$SUHVVmRGHLQFKDPHQWRpXPIHQ{PHQRVHPHOKDQWHDRGDSUHVVmRRVPyWLFD$SUHVVmRGHLQFKDPHQWRpPHGLGDHPVROXo}HVFRQFHQWUDGDVHDSUHVVmRRVPyWLFDp

GHWHUPLQDGDXVDQGRVROXo}HVGLOXtGDV(VWDWpFQLFDSHUPLWHDYDOLDUDDILQLGDGHHQWUHVROYHQWHHSROtPHURTXDQGRVH

HVWXGDPDPRVWUDVGHSROtPHURVUHWLFXODGRV

2.4.4 Determinao do segundo coeficiente virial2 VHJXQGR FRHILFLHQWH YLULDO$ p REWLGR SRU PHLR GH XP WUDWDPHQWR WHyULFRQHFHVViULR DR FiOFXOR GH SDUkPHWURV WHUPRGLQkPLFRV REWLGRV D SDUWLU GHGDGRVH[SHULPHQWDLVGHYDULDomRGHSUHVVmRGHYDSRUSUHVVmRRVPyWLFDRXHVSDOKDPHQWRGHOX]GHVROXo}HVSROLPpULFDV7DLVWpFQLFDVVHUmRGHWDOKDGDVSRVWHULRUPHQWH

2VHJXQGRFRHILFLHQWHYLULDO$GHSHQGHGHYiULRVIDWRUHVWDLVFRPRSWHPSHUDWXUD$GHFUHVFHFRPRDXPHQWRGDWHPSHUDWXUDSVLVWHPDSROtPHURVROYHQWHSSHVRPROHFXODUHGLVWULEXLomRGRSHVRPROHFXODUGRSROtPHURSWDWLFLGDGHGRSROtPHUR

2.5 Fatores que afetam a dissoluo e inchamento dos polmeros2VSULQFLSDLVIDWRUHVTXHDIHWDPDGLVVROXomRGHXPSROtPHURHPXPVROYHQWHVmR

GHVFULWRVDVHJXLU

2.5.1 Natureza qumica do solvente e do polmero$ VROXELOLGDGH P~WXD GDV VXEVWkQFLDV GHSHQGH GD VXD FRPSRVLomR TXtPLFD 2SURFHVVRGHGLVVROXomRpXPDPHGLGDGDVIRUoDVLQWHUPROHFXODUHV

$VVLPFRPRDVPROpFXODVSHTXHQDVDVFDGHLDVSROLPpULFDVSRGHPHVWDUOLJDGDVHQWUHVLDWUDYpVGHOLJDo}HVSULPiULDVHVHFXQGiULDV

(QWHQGHVHSRUOLJDo}HVSULPiULDVDVOLJDo}HVFRYDOHQWHVH[LVWHQWHVHPFDGHLDVGH SROtPHURV OLQHDUHV UDPLILFDGRV H UHWLFXODGRV 6mR DV OLJDo}HV SUHGRPLQDQWHV


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/LJDo}HVVHFXQGiULDVRXIRUoDVLQWHUPROHFXODUHVRXIRUoDVGHYDQGHU:DDOV

OLJDo}HV KLGURJrQLR LQWHUDomR GLSRORGLSROR HWF VmR IRUoDV TXH DWXDP HQWUHPROpFXODVRXHQWUHVHJPHQWRVGHFDGHLDVHFRQWULEXHPGHIRUPDVLJQLILFDWLYDSDUDDV SURSULHGDGHV GRV SROtPHURV (VWDV OLJDo}HV FDUDFWHUL]DP XPD LQWHUDomR GHRUGHPLQWUDRXLQWHUPROHFXODURTXHpXPDPHGLGDGRJUDXGHDWUDomRHQWUHDVPROpFXODV6mRUHFRQKHFLGRVRVWLSRVFLWDGRVDVHJXLUS)RUoDVGHGLVSHUVmRIRUoDVGHDWUDomRTXHVXUJHPQDVPROpFXODVGHYLGRjV

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S)RUoDV GH LQGXomR IRUoDV LQWHUPROHFXODUHV HQWUH GLSRORV SHUPDQHQWHV HGLSRORVLQGX]LGRV(VWDVIRUoDVVmRJHUDGDVSRUPROpFXODVSRODUHVTXHHVWDQGRQDYL]LQKDQoDGHPROpFXODVTXHQmRSRVVXHPGLSRORVSHUPDQHQWHVSURPRYHPXPOHYHGHVORFDPHQWR GRVHOpWURQVHQ~FOHRVGDPROpFXODYL]LQKD LQGX]LQGRXP PRPHQWR GLSRODU 6mR FRQKHFLGDV FRPR IRUoDV GH 'HE\H VmR IUDFDV HLQGHSHQGHPGDWHPSHUDWXUD

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.FDOPRO

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2.5.2 Peso molecular dos polmeros$FDSDFLGDGHGHXPSROtPHURHPVHGLVVROYHUVHPSUHGHFUHVFHFRPRDXPHQWRGR

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7

caracterização de polímeros.pdf

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