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kmabiksdj j`gatkvj a mb pjidkob ma Lafai

ojhtrb bs okhokbs ma sau tadpj(

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Bi`artkhj _arvuij @br`jsb ma _jusbFrbmubhmj ad ckijsjckb ,QCO) Cjrtbiazb+

bi`artkhjs`sNprjcassjr(sda(cjrtbiazb(oa(fjv(`r

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Khtarsu`gaetkvktt( Ojhcjrda Lsia) b ckijsjckb mb hbturazb ma Lafai b saj dbksmasprastkfkbmb ma sau skstadb ckijsckoj) bpbraoahmj pjuojs astumjs sj`ra assa tadb( Ojdjojhsaqhokb massa pjuoj khtarassa) Lsia ojdahtb) qua sa parma b mkccarahtkb spaokckob quacbz mj pahsbdahtj ma Lafai j suprbssudj ma tjmj j kmabiksdj biadj( Lsia khmkob qua bpjuob bpraokbj mbmb ckijsjckb lafaikbhb mb hbturazb hj tad cuhmbdahtj ckijsckoj(Cbitbhmj bjs ortkojs ud sikmj a haoassrkj sb`ar ad dbtadtkob a okhokb hbturbi( Hjssjj`gatkvj djstrbr js brfudahtjs ma Lsia qua ouidkhbd hassbs ojhoiusas( Ojdj aiaahtahma qua Lafai sjiuokjhb j prj`iadb mb jrkfad mb Hbturazb) k(() mj sar qua sa bprasahtb bhs: ^jr qua b ckijsjckb mb hbturazb oahtrbi pbrb ojdpraahmar b trbhskj mj kmabiksdjsu`gatkvj bj kmabiksdj j`gatkvj: ^jr qua j sb`ar dbtadtkoj haoassrkj pbrb ojdpraahsjmb ckijsjckb mb hbturazb: Rubi b raibj mb ckijsjckb lafaikbhb mb hbturazb ojd bs okhokbs mbhbturazb:

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Khtarsu`gaetkvktt( Boojrmkhf tj Lsia) tla plkijsjply jc hbtura jc Lafai ks tla iass prastkfasaotkjh crjd lks plkijsjplkobi systad) wktl ikttia stumkas b`jut tlks tlada Bs b ojhsaquahoajc tlks ikttia khtarast) Lsia ojddahts tlbt kt ijsas tla mkccarahtkb spaokckob wlkol dbeasLafains tljuflt tla `bsa jc bii fardbh kmabiksd( Lsia taiis tlbt tla ikttia bppraokbtkjh fkvahtj Lafains plkijsjply jc hbtura lbs hj plkijsjplkobi cjuhmbtkjh( _j orktkos mjas hjt lbva bsjikm bhm haoassbry ehjwiamfa kh dbtladbtkos bhm hbturbi sokahoa( Jur bkd ks tj sljw tlabrfudahts jc Lsia tlbt iabm tj tlasa ojhoiuskjhs( Ljw mjas la sjiva tla prj`iad jc tlajrkfkh jc hbtura) tlbt ks) jc tla `akhf tlbt prasahts ktsaic tj us: Vly ks tla plkijsjply jchbtura tla oahtar tj uhmarstbhm tla trbsktkjh crjd su gaotkva kmabiksd tj tla j`gaotkva jha:Vly ks tla dbtladbtkobi ehjwiafma sj haoassbry tj uhmarstbhm tla plkijsjply jc hbtura:Vlbt ks tla raibtkjhslkp `atwaah Lafains plkijsjply jc hbtura bhm tla sokahoas jc hbtura:

Eaywjrms7 Lafai) Hbtura) kmabiksd

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K( Khtrjmuj

_afuhmj j ojdahtrkj mj pahsbmjr ktbikbhj Skttjrkj Lsia2 b ckijsjckb mb hbturazb b

saoj dbks hafikfahokbmb mj skstadb ckijsckoj ma Lafai( Assa pasquksbmjr axpikob qua assa

mjdhkj dbks mj qua hafikfahokbmj tkmj pjr duktjs0 pjr tjtbidahta uitrbpbssbmj) ma tbi

dbhakrb qua) assb pbrta mj skstadb ckijsckoj lafaikbhj ahtahmkmb ojdj masobrtvai a qua)

pjrtbhtj hb btubikmbma hj tad ojd qua ojhtrk`ukr hj ma`bta ckijsckoj( Lsia? sa ojhtrbpa b

assa masoukmj mb ckijsjckb mb hbturazb ma Lafai a biartb qua tbi btktuma prjdjva

ojhsaqhokbs hj prprkj d`ktj mj ojhlaokdahtj btkhfkhmj ma udb s vaz b lkstrkb mb

ckijsjckb a j prprkj skstadb ckijsckoj lafaikbhj( B bckrdbj ma qua j masprazj b ckijsjckb

mb hbturazb ma Lafai kdpikob hb prprkb rahuhokb ad ojdpraahmar b Lkstrkb mb Ckijsjckb) tad

mjks kdpjrtbhtas skfhkckobmjs( J prkdakrj raibtkvj bj iufbr) b khciuhokb) j biobhoa) qua

btkhfku j pahsbdahtj lafaikbhj( _ub suparkjrkmbma ud cbtj madjhstrbmj hassbs

ojhsaqhokbs bpjhtbmbs hj ojdahtrkj ma Lsia( J safuhmj skfhkckobmj rapjusb hj cbtj ma

qua makxbhmj ma ojdpraahmar b lkstrkb mb ckijsjckb j dasdj qua makxbr ma ojdpraahmar j

sahtkmj mb lkstrkb mb ckijsjckb( Lsia= bckrdb bkhmb qua b raousb qubsa uhhkda mb ckijsjckb

lafaikbhb mb hbturazb hj udb raousb brrbkfbmb) pjks ma ud djmj farbi cbitb bjs jpjsktjras

js prassupjstjs1 haoassrkjs pbrb qua sjdahta bsskd pjssb sar adktkmj ud brfudahtj

ojdpatahta( Cbitb b ortkob mkrkfkmb udb sikmb ojdpraahsj mb astruturb ifkob mj skstadb ma

Lafai a skduitbhabdahta ojhlaokdahtjs mbs okhokbs hbturbks( Qdb bpraokbj gustb mb

ckijsjckb mb hbturazb ma Lafai mava iavbr ad ojhtb j ojhtaxtj lkstrkoj okahtckoj massa

ckisjcj3( Lafai cjk j itkdj ckisjcj b ojhtadpibr tjmbs bs okhokbs hbturbks ma sau tadpj ad

2 SK]]JPKJ L_IA) J skstadb ma Lafai7 j kmabiksdj mb su`gatkvkmbma a j prj`iadb mb khtarsu`gatkvkmbma)

]rbm( Bhtjhkj Oaikjdbr pkhtj ma Ikdb) _j ^buij7 Amkas Ijyjib) 0>>6) p( ?22(0

Ojhcjrda Lsia) js jpjsktjras mb ckijsjckb lafaikbhb mb hbturazb pjmad sar bfrupbmjs ad7 okahtkstbs hbturbks)rbokjhbikstbs ortkojs a lafaikbhjs ma asquarmb( ,Oc( 0>>6) p( ?20+? Oc( p(?22(= Sar hjtb 01 Js prassupjstjs) qua Lsia khmkob) pbrb qua sagb adktkmj ud guzj ojdpatahta sa rasuda b trs7 2+ udb

paroapj mb astruturb ifkob mj skstadb ma Lafai( 0+ js quastkjhbdahtjs ckijsckojs qua safuhmj b ojhoapj

ma Lafai uitrbpbssbd bs okhokbs pbrtkouibras( ?+ ojhlaokdahtj mbs okhokbs hbturbks hb pjob ma Lafai a hb

btubikmbma( ,Oc( 0>>6) p(?20+3 Lafai hbsoau ad 266> a cbiaoau ad 2

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?

sau ojhguhtj( Cbtj asta ojdprjvbmj safuhmj j ojdahtrkj ma Lsia6( Assb pbrtkouibrkmbma

ojhskmarvai pjrqua ravaib qua Lafai tkhlb butjrkmbma pbrb cuhmbdahtbr sub ckijsjckb mb

hbturazb( kdpjrtbhta hj asquaoar qua hassa djdahtj) Lafai ast khsarkmj hj ojhtaxtj

lkstrkoj jhma b ckijsjckb a bs okhokbs hbturbks prjfrkmad obmb vaz dbks mkstbhokbmbs ahtra sk)

ju sagb) udb pjob ad qua sa orkstbikzju b tahmhokb b aspaokbikzbj( Boarob mb

cuhmbdahtbj sikmb ma Lafai) Lsia< hjs khcjrdb qua Lafai astbvb `ad khcjrdbmj mb

dbtadtkob mj khkokj mj souij \K\) cbtj assa ojhskmarvai) udb vaz qua j sb`ar dbtadtkoj

haoassrkj pbrb ojdpraahsj mb okhokb;( Assa b`rbhfahta mjdhkj qua Lafai pjssukb pjma

sar vkstj hb ortkob qua aia masahvjivau ojhtrb b cuhmbdahtbj ifkob mj oiouij

khckhktaskdbi( Lsia2> hj makxb) ojhtumj) ma bsskhbibr bqukij qua khtarpratb ojdj js

aquvjojs hb ckijsjckb mb hbturazb ma Lafai( Cbzahmj$ilas rassbivbs a khtarpratbhmj qua js

arrjs jojrrarbd pjrqua ad farbi Lafai sa bpjkju gustbdahta ad rasuitbmjs mbs okhokbs

hbturbks ma sau tadpj( Pasuitbmjs assas qua hj prjfrassj aspatbouibr mbs okhokbs cjrbd

ravkstjs pjstarkjrdahta( Qd jutrj djtkvj mjs aquvjojs lafaikbhjs cjk b ojhckbhb qua

Lafai mapjsktju ad cahdahjs raod masoj`artjs a bkhmb hj ojhckrdbmjs tajrkobdahta) j

qua pjma sar vkstj hj obsj mb aiatrkokmbma22 qua sjdahta ojd js trb`biljs ma Cbrbmby a

6 Oc( 0>>6) p(?2?(>6) p(?2=; J sb`ar dbtadtkoj pardktku bs okhokbs hbturbks udb ikhfubfad j`gatkvb pbrb cjrduibr bs iaks mb hbturazb( Bs

dbtadtkobs cjrbd) bj ijhfj mb lkstrkb) js prkdakrjs ojhlaokdahtjs b btkhfkr j astbtutj ma okhokb hj sahtkmj

ad qua ahtahmadjs( Asta prkvkifkj ast) sad mvkmb) ikfbmj prprkb hbturazb massa ojhlaokdahtj a ma saus

j`gatjs( B mahjdkhbj ma okhokb cjrdbi qua bifuhs ckisjcjs) tbhtj hajpibthkojs ojdj hajpjsktkvkstbs) dbs

ad sahtkmjs mkcarahtas) mj bs dbtadtkobs) su`ikhlbrkb) ma cbtj) oartb khmapahmhokb raibtkvbdahta j`sarvbj

mjs cahdahjs a) pjr ojhsafukhta) b pjssk`kikmbma ma sa masahvjivarad uhkobdahta paibs cjrbs mj pahsbdahtj(

B rabikmbma) pjrd) hj tj skdpias bsskd( ^jks) pjr ud ibmj) duktbs vazas js ojhoaktjs dbtadtkojs cjrbd

cjrgbmjs b prjpsktj ma quastas ojijobmbs paib j`sarvbj adprkob5 pjr jutrj) sa b dbtadtkob hj udb

okhokb mb hbturazb) aib hj makxb ma tar varmbmakrjs j`gatjs( ,Oc( FKIIA_$FB_]JH FPBHFAP) Okhokbscjrdbks a okhokbs adprkobs) Kh7 KMAD) B okhokb a bs okhokbs) ]rbm( Pj`artj iabi Carrakrb) _j ^buij7 Amktjrb

QHA_^) 2;;=) p(1;+2> Sar hjtb ?+( Js frafjs sb`kbd qua j d`br ravaibvb prjprkambmas aitrkobs) dbs

Fki`art madjhstrju hj sar aia) ma djmj bifud) j hkoj b pjssu$ibs( Aks b jrkfkhbikmbma ma Fki`art( Cjk aia

quad j`sarvju bkhmb qua bs cjrbs aitrkobs arbd ma obrtar mkcarahtas( Hj maojrrar mj souij \SKKK kdpjrtbhtas

masoj`artbs vkarbd b ojhsjikmbr b mjutrkhb mb aiatrkokmbma( Ahtra bs dbks kdpjrtbhtas b dqukhb ma farbr obrfbs

aitrkobs ma Jttj Sjh Fuarkoea ,23>0$23

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Dbxwaii btkhfku axpikobj tarkob boaktvai( ^brb ud dailjr asoibraokdahtj mjs tadbs bquk

khtrjmuzkmjs mkvkmkdjs assa trb`bilj ad trs saoas7 trbhskj mj kmabiksdj su`gatkvj bj

kmabiksdj j`gatkvj) jhma sa `usob djstrbr pjr qua ojd b ckijsjckb mb hbturazb ma Lafai j

kmabiksdj btkhfku b piahktuma( Hb safuhmb bprasahtbdjs b pjidkob ma Lafai ojhtrb bs

okhokbs ma sau tadpj( A ojhoiukdjs ojd b taroakrb qua bidagb raspjhmar7 qubi b raibj mb

ckijsjckb mb hbturazb ma Lafai ojd b okhokb ojhtadpjrhab:

KK( ]rbhskj mj kmabiksdj su`gatkvj bj kmabiksdj j`gatkvj

Hj qua mkz raspaktj lkstrkb mb ckijsjckb) Lsia20) ojdahtb qua j masprazj b ckijsjckb

mb hbturazb skfhkckob qua sa ast makxbhmj ma ojdpraahmar bqukij qua j dbks jrkfkhbi hj

obrtar mkcarahta mbs cjrbs aitrkobs) ud dkstj ma pjibrkmbma( Cjk b pbrtkr massbs khvahas qua @ahgbdkh

Crbheikh ,26>3$26;>+ rabikzju udb srka ma pasquksbs pbrb madjhstrbr qua j rbkj ud cahdahj aitrkoj( Ad

2610 acatuju sub cbdjsb axparkhokb mj pbpbfbkj ma pbpai) raojilahmj b obrfb aitrkob ma udb huvad ma

tadpastbma hudb fbrrbcb ma Iakmah a prjvbhmj qua b mktb obrfb ojhmuzkb bjs dasdjs acaktjs qua jutrb)

prjmuzkmb pjr dqukhb aitrkob( Crbheikh sups udb tajrkb qua b obrfb aitrkob astbvb ijobikzbmb hbs dbssbs mjs

ojrpjs( J khfis _taplah Frby ,2333$26?3+ madjhstrju ad 260; qua assb tajrkb ast arrbmb) ju sagb) b obrfb

aitrkob pardbhaoa tjtbidahta hb suparcoka mjs ojrpjs( Hassa djdahtj assbs masoj`artbs pbraokbd khmkobr qua

b cjrb aitrkob arb mb dasdb aspoka qua b frbvkmbma) mkzar qua arbd mb dasdb aspoka bckrdbr qua btubd

mksthokb) btrbvs mj aspbj vbzkj a j`amaoahmj b udb dasdb iak) b mj qubmrbmj khvarsj( B ckijsjckb hbturbi

biad ,Oc( _]A^LAH C( DB_JH) B ckijsjckb hbturbi biad) Kh7 KMAD) Lkstrkb mb okhokb7 bs prkhokpbks

ojrrahtas mj pahsbdahtj okahtckoj) ]rbm( Gjs Iboarmb) Pkj ma Gbhakrj7 Amktjrb Fij`j) 2;30) p(0

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skstadb ckijsckoj lafaikbhj) ju sagb) b trbhskj mj kmabiksdj su`gatkvj bj kmabiksdj j`gatkvj(

hassb trbhskj qua rapjusb j dbfj mj prjgatj lafaikbhj5 pjks j kmabiksdj j`gatkvj j

rasfbta mb datbcskob ojdj okhokb( Bquk g sa cbz dahj mj djtkvj mb oahtrbikmbma mb

ckijsjckb mb hbturazb hj skstadb ckijsckoj ma Lafai(

J kmabiksdj udb pjskj ckijsckob qua ma ud djmj farbi) pjma sar vksiud`rbmj

ojdj j ksdj qua prkvkiafkb b kmkb( Hb lkstrkb mb ckijsjckb2? assb ojhoapj surfa ojd

vbrkbmjs ojhoaktjs) dbs bifuhs fbhlbrbd hjtjrkambma hj ma`bta ckijsckoj( J pahsbdahtj

obrtaskbhj ud maias) sahmj ojdudahta bssjokbmj bj kmabiksdj datjmjifkoj) pjr macahmar

j khbtksdj b pbrtkr mb khtukj purb) kstj ) khmapahmahta mb axparkhokb) sahmj b apkstada

biobhbmb b pbrtkr massa dtjmj) kstj ) mbs kmkbs khbtbs( Jutrj axadpij oisskoj j

kmabiksdj ebhtkbhj) oibsskckobmj ojdj kmabiksdj trbhsoahmahtbi( Hasta) ragaktb$sa b

ojdpraahsj ma qua b kmkb rasuitbhta ma udb ojhsokhokb purb( Hassa obsj) b kmkb

ojhoa`kmb ojdj prjmutj ma udb astruturb ifkob uhkvarsbi) qua cjrdbtb sjdahta js mbmjs mb

adpkrkb) sad huhob btkhfkr j j`gatj( Qdb taroakrb trbmkj ma kmabiksdj ast bssjokbmb

ckijsjckb pibthkob) maskfhbmb ma kmabiksdj datbcskoj( Hassb ojhoapj) j _ar b prprkb

kmkb) ju sagb) b rabikmbma kmkb( Assb vkb tad sau masmj`rbdahtj hb ckijsjckb ma Lafai qua

ojhskmarbmb ud su`tkpj massa kmabiksdj( Ahtratbhtj sjdahta asta su`tkpj rasjiva) b pbrtkr mb

okhokb mb ifkob2=) j prj`iadb mb jrkfad mb hbturazb( B trbmkj kmabikstb prkvkiafkb b kmkb

2? BMJ ]( IBPB) B ckijsjckb jokmahtbi mj rahbsokdahtj bjs hjssjs mkbs7 obdkhljs mb rbzj hj jokmahta)

=am() _j ^buij7Sjzas) 2;;1(T Hb ckijsjckb ma Lafai brfudahtb$sa qua tumj sa axpikob paij masmj`rbdahtj mb kmkb( J`gatkvb$sa ojd

assb pjskj ckijsckob ratjdbr j iufbr mb datbcskob hbs mksoussas ckijsckobs usurpbmj paib tajrkb mb

kdpjssk`kikmbma mb j`gatkvkmbma( J asprktj b kmkb qua sa rabikzb a sa ojhtadpib btrbvs mj sau prprkj

masmj`rbdahtj( Hassa sahtkmj) pjma$sa bckrdbr qua ojd assb ojdpraahsj qua b hbturazb ad Lafai oahtrbi

pbrb j sau skstadb ckijsckoj) ojdj aia dasdj maoibrju axpikoktbdahta7 B okhokb s pjma surfkr mj sb`arcahjdahbi a mj djvkdahtj( UOc( F( V( C( LAFAI) jp( okt( 63 bj 6

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ojdj cuhmbdahtj mj rabi j qua bobrratb ud prj`iadb ahvjivahmj hbturazb a kmkb) ud

prj`iadb ma cuhmbdahtbj( B prkdakrb) bpasbr ma sub mapahmhokb ad raibj safuhmb)

ojhoa`kmb ojdj mjtbmb ma oartb ojhsksthokb prprkb( Ojdj axpikobr b raibj ahtra hbturazb

a kmkb hassas tardjs:

Hb ckijsjckb ma Lafai j kmabiksdj btkhfku b piahktuma) pjrqua prkjrkzju ojdpiatbdahta

b kmkb ojdj asshokb mb hbturazb5 j kmabiksdj b`sjiutj21( Asta j oarha ma saus

brfudahtjs ckijsckojs hb pjidkob qua masahvjivau ojhtrb b okhokb ma sau tadpj(

KKK( B pjidkob ma Lafai ojhtrb bs okhokbs ma sau tadpj

Lsia23hjs asoibraoa qua b ckijsjckb mb hbturazb ma Lafai bsskd ojdj b Cskob ma

Brksttaias26) oktbmj hb j`rb ma Lsia2< ojdj udb axoaj ahtra js frbhmas ckisjcjs pjrqua

kdpjrthokb mb hbturazb( Aib pjhtj ma pbrtkmb( Aib hjs ahskhb j djvkdahtj mb kmkb b`sjiutb( B sadahta

ojhtd ad sk b kmkb ma pibhtb) hj j cjrb ma sk) dbs sar ojdj rbzj masmj`rbmb) ju sagb) b sadahta ad sk b

pibhtb) dbs kr masbpbraoar ojdj sadahta pbrb tjrhbr$sa pibhtb) kstj ) ratjrhbr b sk(21 P( F( Ojiikhfwjjm) ojdahtb7 Ebht bmdktku qua pjmadjs ojhoa`ar b ojksb ad sk5 dbs makxju quaias qua ila

suoamarbd b dkssj ma masoj`rkrad ojdj qua ma cbtj mavadjs a pjmadjs ojhoa`$ib( Ruad oudprku assbdkssj ojdj pjhtj ma pbrtkmb ma tjmb b tajrkb ojsdjifkob cjk Lafai5 ragaktbhmj b pratahsj axoiuskvb mj

pahsbdahtj okahtckoj bj ttuij ma ojhlaokdahtj( ,(((+ J _arad farbi hj hbmb ad pbrtkouibr5 bsskd) j ojhoaktj

ma sar purj trbhspa$sa) tbi ojdj Lafai j axpikob) pbrb j ojhoaktj ma hbmb( Astb pbssbfad ma ud ojhoaktj pbrb

jutrj hj darbdahta udb trbhskj su`gatkvb mj hjssj pahsbdahtj) udb trbhskj j`gatkvb) paij qubi ud

ojhoaktj prjvd ijfkobdahta ma jutrj qua aia prassupa( ,(((+ Bsskd raspjhmkb lafai quastj ma sb`ar ojdj

qua b ojksb ad sk pjmkb sar orkbmjrb( ,(((+ B kmkb) b obusb kdamkbtb mb hbturazb a b obusb damkbtb) btrbvs mb

hbturazb) mj asprktj( Bsskd Lafai ragaktb j kmabiksdj su`gatkvj safuhmj j qubi j asprktj j prassupjstj mb

hbturazb5 kssj bckrdb Lafai) khvarta b raibj ahtra aias) a hasta pjhtj Lafai pracara j ojhoaktj dbtarkbikstb ma

hbturazb ojdj obusb mj asprktj( Bjs saus jiljs j hkoj arrj masta ojhoaktj cbzar mb hbturazb bifj ma b`sjiutj)

ahqubhtj ma cbtj) pahsb Lafai) js kmabikstbs su`gatkvjs td rbzj bj ojhskmarbr b hbturazb ojdj assahokbidahta

mapahmahta ma bifj5 s ojd b mkcarahb ma qua pbrb Lafai assa bifj b kmkb( A lafai ojhojrmb tjtbidahta ojd

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