wzi mÜv‡b - mahbub ul alam chowdhurymahbubulalamchowdhury.info/wp-content/uploads/2014... ·...

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¯§„wZi mÜv‡b

gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix cÖKvkK †dviKvb Avng`, weG Abvm©; GgG ^Z¡vwaKvix, cvjK cvewjkvm©

8/2, b_© mvD_ †ivW, cyivbv cëb †hvMv‡hvM : 179/3, dwK‡iicyj wRwcI e· bs 415, XvKv-1000 †dvb : 9345816, †gvevBj : 01720308861 cÖ_g cÖKvk ˆekvL 1415 GwcÖj 2008 MÖš’ ^Z¡ mvwdbv Avn‡g` BkwZqvK Avn‡g` cÖ”Q` KvBqyg †PŠayix gy`ªY gvwU Avi gvbyl 179/3, dwK‡iicyj, XvKv-1000 g~j¨ t mvZkZ cÂvk UvKv Smritir Sandhaney by Mahbub ul Alam Chowdhury, Published by Forkan Ahmad. Proprietor, Palok Publishers, 8/2, North South Road, Purana Palton, Contact : 179/3, Fakirerpool, GPO Box No 415, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Cover designed by Qayyum Chowdhury, First published April 2008, Price Tk. 750.00; US $ 20 ISBN 984 445 232 05

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DrmM© Amv¤cÖ vwqK Av‡›`vj‡bi AMÖcw_K mywdqv Kvgvj‡K Ges Avgv‡K A‡kl †cÖiYv †hvMvevi Rb¨Ñ Avgvi ¿x RIkb Aviv ingvb GKgvÎ Kb¨v mvwdbv Avn‡g` AcyÎK wcZvi GKgvÎ cyÎ BkwZqvK Avn‡g` cÖvYwcÖq yB †`ŠwnÎ BLwZmv` I BewZmvg‡K [7 wW‡m¤î 2007, GB eB cÖKvkbv msµvš— Av‡jvPbvq Kwe Dc‡iv³ B”Qv e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb| ]

gvneye-Gi ¯§„wZi D‡Ï‡k¨ KvBq~g †PŠayix AZ¨š— hZœmnKv‡i Zvi Amgvß Ô¯§„wZi mÜv‡bÕ eB‡qi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K Avgv‡K wPi K…ZÁZv cv‡k Ave× K‡i‡Qb|

†dviKvb Avng` AwZ Aí mg‡q K‡Vvi cwikªg K‡i GB eB cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Ave yi iwng AZ¨š— âh©mnKv‡i Gi eY©web¨vm K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì mKj‡K Avš—wiK abëv`| RIkb Aviv ingvb

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¯§„wZi mÜv‡b gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi Amgvß ¯§„wZK_v

GK mvMi AkÖ“ w`‡q Zvi cÖwZ Avgvi kª×v-fv‡jvevmv cÖK…Zfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡ev wKbv Rvwb bv| AvKv‡ki g‡Zv mxgvnxb Zvi Ávb-fvÊv‡ii Kv‡Q civwRZ n‡qwQ evi evi| wKš‘ KL‡bv jw¾Z nBwb| Me©‡eva K‡iwQ| Zvi Áv‡bi J¾¡‡j¨ cÖ xß n‡qwQ| Ggb gnvb e¨w³i mvwbœ‡a¨ mv‡o Pzqvbœ eQi AwZµg Kivi †mŠfvM¨ Avgvi n‡q‡Q| G-‡Zv Avgvi cig cvIqv| G K_v¸‡jv bZzb K‡i Dcjwä Kijvg Zvi Ô¯§„wZi mÜv‡bÕ eB‡qi cvÊywjwc co‡Z wM‡q| MZ gvm Q‡qK a‡i †Póv KiwQjvgÑ cÖ_g LÊUv Qvwc‡q †`qvi Rb¨| Avgvi cig kª‡×q Kexi fvB Ges wcÖqeÜz BDb~m fvBI K‡qKevi e‡j‡Qb| GKw`b gvneye ejj, Avwg wj‡L hvw”Q, covi âh© †bBÑ Zzwg c‡o †`‡Lv| cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a wVK K‡i w`‡qv| GB eB‡Z wKš‘ Avgvi Rxebx avivevwnKfv‡e wjwLwb, hLb hv ¯§„wZ‡Z D`q n‡q‡QÑ ZvB wj‡LwQ| GRb¨ Gi bvg w`‡qwQ Ô¯§„wZi mÜv‡bÕ| GK_v ejvi ci ciB Avevi wb‡RB e‡m †hZ fyjåvwš— wVK Kivi Rb¨| Giƒc cvi‡dK&kwb÷ wQj gvneye| GKRb Rxeb-wkíx| cÖvq cÖwZw`b K‡qKevi iex› ªm½xZ Zvi ïb‡ZB n‡Zv| †Uwjwfk‡b iex› ªm½x‡Zi we‡kl †Kv‡bv Abyôvb †`Lvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †Uwj‡dv‡b Zr¶bvr †mB msev` wewbgq n‡Zv Zvi wcÖq kvjx Rvnvbvivi (Ryejx) mv‡_| wKsev Zvi †Kv‡bv wcÖq e¨w³i mv‡_| †Kv‡bv bZzb KweZv †jLvi ci gyn‚‡Z© †mUv KvD‡K c‡o †kvbvevi Rb¨ Aw ’i n‡q †hZ| †Uwj‡dvb eB nv‡Z wb‡q †kl ch©šÍ Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Zv Zvi †Kv‡bv wcÖq gvbyl‡K| Ave„wË K‡i †kvbv‡Zv †Uwj‡dv‡b| †mB e¨w³ wK XvKvq, bv Ab¨ †Kv_vq A_ev †`‡ki evB‡i jÛb, Av‡gwiKv, KvbvWv ZvI Zvi †Lqvj _vK‡Zv bv| Zvici wkïi g‡Zv cÖvYLy‡j AÆnvwm w`‡Zv hLb Aciw`K †_‡K cÖksmv ïb‡Zv| hLbB Zvi Kv‡Q GB eB‡qi cÖ_g LÊ cÖKvk Kivi K_v DÌvcb K‡iwQ Ñ DË‡i ej‡Zv : Avi K‡qKUv Gwc‡mvW evwK Av‡Q| Avgv‡K Av‡iv wKQzw`b mgq `vI| †`Ljvg, †mB mgq cÖjw¤^Z n‡ZB _v‡K| Zvi Avi †kl †bB| GKUv cwi”Q` wjL‡Z wM‡q Zvi gv_vq Av‡iv `kUv G‡m wfo K‡i| GZ Z_¨, †Kv‡bvUv‡K ev` †`qv hvq bvÑ meB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| GQvov wewfbœ cwÎKvq yÕnv‡Z Kjvg wjL‡ZI K¬vwš— †`wLwb Zvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bvw`b| mKvj †_‡K we‡Kj PviUv ch©š— AbM©j wW‡±kb w`‡q †hZ Zvi mnKvix Ave`yi iwng‡K| mgq euvPvevi Rb¨ Lye ms‡¶‡c ycy‡ii Lvevi m¤úbœ Ki‡Zv| Ae‡k‡l ¯§„wZK_v †kl Kivi Rb¨ mgqmxgv †eu‡a †`qv Qvov †Kv‡bv Dcvq Lyu‡R †cjvg bv| e‡jwQjvgÑ Gev‡ii eB‡gjvq †Zvgvi ¯§„wZK_v †h‡ZB n‡e| bB‡j †Zvgvi eB Qvcvevi Avi †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vM Avwg †be bv wKš‘| GB eB‡qi cÖKvkK †dviKvb Avng` G gv‡mi g‡a¨B †P‡q‡Qb| evi evi ZvMv`vI w`‡q‡Qb| DË‡i ejj : Avgvi Rxeb GZ NUbveûj, Kgc‡¶ PviUv LÊ-‡Zv wjL‡ZB n‡e| Avgvi Av‡iv K‡qKwU eQi ìKvi| GL‡bv-‡Zv cÖ_g LÊB †kl Ki‡Z cvijvg bv, G‡Z Av‡iv PviUv Gwc‡mvW evwK Av‡Q| Gig‡a¨ Av‡iv yÕwU KweZvi eB Qvcvi A‡c¶vq wQj| Zvi wkïmyjf ^fveRvZ Pwi‡Îi Rb¨ †h †Kv‡bv B”Qv g‡b RvMÖZ nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ eÜz‡ì‡K Rvwb‡q A‡kl Avb›` †cZ| Zv‡ì †dvb K‡i e‡jI w`‡q‡Q eB‡gjvq Ô¯§„wZi mÜv‡bÕmn Zvi wZbwU bZzb eB cÖKvwkZ n‡e| 7 A‡±vei (2007) gaïv‡Z cÖPÊ ey‡K e¨_v wb‡q Zvi wb‡`©kg‡Zv ¸jkv‡b BDbvB‡UW nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv n‡jv| 9 A‡±vei GbwRIcøvw÷ Kiv n‡jv ü`h‡š¿i wZbwU cÖavb AvU©vwi‡Z| 16 A‡±vei evmvq wb‡q Gjvg m¤ú~Y© my ’ Ae ’vq| yB-GKevi A ^w —‡eva Kivq wbqwgZfv‡e †PK-Avc Kiv n‡Zv| Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx 8 wW‡m¤î cÖ_g Av‡jvi `k eQi c~wZ© Abyôv‡b †hvM w`j| eÜz‡ì m‡½ †`Lv Kij| GKivk Avb›` wb‡q ivZ `kUvq evmvq wdij| Zvig‡a¨ GZUzKzI `ye©jZvi Qvc †`wLwb †mw`b| me mgq ej‡Zv, Avwg gvby‡li g‡a¨ _vK‡Z fv‡jvevwm| RbMY †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q Avwg _vK‡Z cvwi bv| ZvB gvby‡li gv‡SB Avgvi Avb›`| 15 wW‡m¤î Avevi †PK-Avc Kiv n‡jv| BwmwR-B‡Kv wi‡cvU© meB bigvj| wi‡cvU© †`‡L Wv³vi m‡š—vl cÖKvk Ki‡jb| AvgivI Avk¦ — njvg|

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20 A‡±vei †_‡K wW‡m¤^‡ii gvSvgvwS ch©š— †ek K‡qKwU Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_/ we‡kl AwZw_ wn‡m‡e KZ©e¨ cvjb K‡i| Zvi Rb¥w`‡b (7 b‡f¤î 2007) dz‡jj ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡Z Av‡mb †`‡ki A‡bK e‡iY¨ e¨w³, Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³Z¡ †_‡K c_wkï ch©š—| †K bv Zv‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zv? ÔGZ fv‡jvevmv ivL‡ev †Kv_vqÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU KweZvq Zvi GB Abyf~wZ e¨³ K‡i‡Q [m~h©v‡ —i i³ivM, c„: 117]| cÖ_gevi nvmcvZvj †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi ci Avgvi Kv‡Q Ges Avgvi GKgvÎ Kb¨v mvwdbvi Kv‡Q K‡qKevi wbR gy‡L e‡j‡QÑ Avwg Avi wZb gv‡mi †ewk †bB| mvwdbv ivZ-w`b Zvi AveŸyi †mevq e¨¯— _vK‡Zv| AveŸyi VvÊv jvM‡Q wKbv, Mig Rvgv c‡i‡Q wKbv, Lvevi wVKfv‡e ivbœv Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbvÑ Gme w`‡K me mgq mRvM _vK‡Zv| RvgvZv BkwZqvK †ivR iv‡Z AveŸyi Ilya¸‡jv wbR nv‡Z †QvU e· f‡i ivL‡Zv| mKv‡j Awd‡m hvIqvi mgq Zvi AveŸyi mv‡_ †`Lv K‡i †hZ| Avgvi †QvU †`ŠwnÎ BewZmvg ¯‹z‡j hvIqv-Avmvi c‡_ Zvi bvbv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i Avì K‡i wZbZjvq DV‡Zv| eoRb BLwZmv` jÛb †_‡K cÖvqB †dvb K‡i bvbvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Zv| bvbv †Kgb Av‡Q, wVKg‡Zv Ilya Lvq wKbv, wbqwgZ Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q †PK-Avc Ki‡Z hvq wKbv BZ¨vw` wb‡q LyeB DwØMœ _vK‡Zv| Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv Zvi KweZv bvbv‡K c‡o †kvbv‡Zv| bvbv Zv‡K e‡jwQj, wekUv KweZv wj‡L cvVvIÑ †Zvgvi GKUv eB Qvwc‡q †`‡ev| †ivR mKv‡j Avwg Zvi KvQ †_‡K we`vq wb‡q Awd‡m †hZvg| ejZvg, we‡K‡j Avgv‡K wb‡Z G‡mv| GUvB wQj Avgv‡ì cÖwZw`‡bi i“wUb| AK¯§vr Zvi wZ‡ivavb| Ggb KwVb mZ¨ wKfv‡e MÖnY Kwi? wKfv‡e Zvi K_v mZ¨ n‡jv? wK K‡i Zvi †`qv mgq mxgvi g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì aiv‡Quvqvi evB‡i P‡j †Mj? †Kb Ggb n‡jv? ...... Gm‡ei DËi †Kv‡bvw`b cv‡ev bv| Avgvi „p wek¦vm wQjÑ Aš—Z Av‡iv `k eQi †m Avgv‡ì gv‡S kw³i cÖZxK n‡q _vK‡e| yw ©‡b mKj‡K c_ cÖ k©b Ki‡e| Avb‡›ì J¾¡‡j¨ Avgv‡ì mKj‡K wegy» K‡i ivL‡e| GbwRIcøvw÷ nIqvi ci GB AvovB gv‡mi g‡a¨ me mgqB Kg©PÂj Rxeb-hvcb K‡i‡Q| evBkwUi g‡Zv KweZv wj‡L‡Q| GB mg‡q wjwLZ A‡bK¸‡jv Ac~Y©v½ KweZvI i‡q‡Q| cwÎKvq A‡bK Kjvg wj‡L‡Q| Avi GB ¯§„wZK_vi Rb¨ yÕwU Gwc‡mvW wj‡L‡Q| e‡jwQjÑ Avi yÕwU Gwc‡mvW wj‡L cÖ_g LÊ †kl Ki‡ev| Gi c‡ii Gwc‡mvWwU n‡e ÔAvgv‡ì we‡qÕ m¤ú‡K©| †Zvgvi m¤ú‡K© A‡bK K_v †jLvi Av‡Q| wKQzB-‡Zv wjwLwb| GB cwi”Q‡` me K_v wjL‡ev| †mB †jLvi mgq †Zv Avi n‡jv bv| nq‡Zv g‡b g‡b Avgv‡K wb‡q GKUv Kve¨ iPbv Ki‡Zv| hv Abš—Kvj a‡i †cÖiYv †hvMv‡Zv Zvi wcÖqRb‡ì| Avgiv wQjvg Awe‡”Q`¨| we‡”Q‡ì †e`bv Abš—Kv‡ji| AvR Avwg †eu‡P _vKvi A_© Lyu‡R cvB bv| Kwe Avgvi Rb¨ Avi wK-Bev wjL‡Zv? wb‡R‡K mvš—¡bv †`qvi †Póv Kwi| Zvi Kve¨MÖš’ Ôm~h©v‡ —i i³ivMÕ DrmM© K‡i‡Q Avgv‡K, iex› ªbv‡_i fvlvqÑ

†h Avgv‡i †`wLev‡i cvq Amxg ¶gvq fv‡jvg›` wgjv‡q mKwj ....

Zuvi Ô¯§„wZi mÜv‡bÕ eB‡Z Ô†Q‡j‡ejvi K_vÕ Aa¨v‡q 24 c„ôvq wj‡L‡Q: Òwe‡qi ci Avgvi ¿x RIkb Aviv ingvb cÖvqB Avgv‡K ej‡Zv LvIqvi e¨vcv‡i Zzwg GZ mshgx †Kb| ejZvg, †QvU‡ejv †_‡K msh‡gi cvV wb‡q Avwg eo n‡qwQ| ZvB LvIqv-`vIqvi e¨vcviUv Avgvi Kv‡Q LyeB Zz”Q| †m LyeB †mœncivqY Ges mgvR weÁv‡bi K…Zx QvÎx nIqvi Kvi‡Y mvivRxeb Avgvi gvZ…-wcZ…nxb nIqvi AfveUv‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| Avgvi Awfgvbx nIqvi e¨vcviUv Aš—i w`‡q eyS‡Z GL‡bv †Póv K‡i| Avwg ivRbxwZ‡Z hy³ _vKvq †m Rxe‡b eû y‡h©v‡Mi gy‡LvgywL n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgv‡K †Kv‡bvw`b Zvi Rb¨ †`vlv‡ivc K‡iwb| eiÂ Avwg †hb Rxe‡b welYœZv Ges wbivcËvnxbZv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvwi, KwVb ev¯—‡ei gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cvwi, Zvi Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e civgk© w`‡q, mwVK wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q, fwel¨‡Zi Avkvev` w`‡q, †mœn Ges fv‡jvevmv w`‡q Avgv‡K myLx Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| †Mvc‡b Zvi Wv‡qwi c‡owQjvg, ILv‡b wj‡L‡QÑ gvZ…‡mœn ewÂZ, bvbvfv‡e Ae‡nwjZ Ges msMÖvgiZ AwZ mij Awfgvbx GB wkïwU‡K gvbyl KivB GLb †_‡K Avgvi eªZ n‡e| GUv c‡o †Pv‡L Rj G‡mwQj| cÖv_©bv K‡iwQjvg, mvivRxeb c„w_exi wkï‡ì Kj¨v‡Y †hb Zvi Rxeb wb‡ew`Z nq| we¯§‡qi e¨vcvi GB †h, †m BDwb‡m‡d cÖvq 18 eQi Kg©iZ †_‡K wkï‡ì Rb¨ A‡bK Kj¨vYKi Kg©m~wP ev —evqb K‡i‡Q| nq‡Zv weavZv †mw`b Avgvi cÖv_©bv gÄyi K‡iwQ‡jb|

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Rxe‡b hw` Zvi g‡Zv ¿x bv †cZvg, †jLv‡jwL Ges ivRbxwZi m‡½ MvUQov bv euvaZvg, Zvn‡j Avgvi RxebUv A_©nxb n‡q co‡Zv| Avgvi ¿x Avgvi Rxe‡bi bvbv Ae ’vi K_v Rv‡b, yt‡Li K_v Rv‡b, welv‡ì K_v Rv‡b| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvw`b KvD‡K eyS‡Z †`qwb †QvU‡ejvq Avwg KZ welYœZv Ges wecYœZvi g‡a¨ eo n‡qwQ|Ó Gi †P‡q eo cvIqv Avgvi Rb¨ Avi Kx n‡Z cv‡i? Avgv‡ì we‡q m¤úwK©Z Gwc‡mvW bv †jLvi Rb¨ Avgvi Avi †Kv‡bv ytL †bB| wb‡Ri g‡b kvwš—i mÜv‡b G K_v¸‡jv Zz‡j aijvg| Zvi 80Zg Rb¥w`‡b (7 b‡f¤î 2006) cÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’ Avwg hv wj‡LwQjvg ZvI Zz‡j w`jvg| GB †jLvUv c‡o †m Avb‡›` Awff~Z n‡q Avgv‡K e‡jwQj Ñ Zzwg Lye fv‡jv †QvUMí wjL‡Z cvi‡e| Zvi †cªiYvq nq‡Zv Avevi †Póv KiZvg| wKš‘ Zv Avi nevi bq| wj‡LwQjvg : ÒeÜz bv ^vgx! AvRKvj cÖ_‡g cwiPq Ges eÜzZ¡| Zvici †cÖg| Gici weevn eÜb| Avgv‡ì †ejvq Gi e¨wZµg| we‡qi cÖ —ve wKQyUv GwM‡q hvevi ciB Avgv‡ì yÕR‡bi mygayi m¤úK©| Zvici †cÖg| AvR‡K gvney‡ei 80Zg Rb¥w`b Dcj‡¶ wjL‡Z e‡m Kjg ’wei| wKQyB wjL‡Z cviwQ bv| `vi“Y GK Abyf~wZ‡Z Avwg ¯§„wZi Mfx‡i Wy‡e †Mjvg| †cQ‡bi w`‡K P‡j †Mjvg| mxgvnxb AvKv‡ki g‡Zv †m GK ^cœcyix| †mw`b Avgiv yÕRb GKvZ¥ n‡q †Mjvg| G‡K Ac‡ii †cÖ‡gi eÜ‡b Rwo‡q †Mjvg| Mfxifv‡e

fv‡jv‡e‡m †djjvg| ZLb g‡b n‡Zv GKwU gyn~‡Z©i Rb¨ G‡K Aci‡K †Q‡o _vK‡Z cvi‡ev bv| `yÕR‡b GK m‡½ iex› ª m½x‡Zi my‡i gy» nZvg| Avgv‡ì i“gNvUvi evMv‡b yÕR‡b †R¨vrmœvi wmœ» Av‡jv‡Z wm³ nZvg| Zvi K‡É †cÖ‡gi KweZvi Ave„wË ïbZvg| Zvi Áv‡bi mgy‡ ª nveyWyey †LZvg| g‡b n‡Zv Ñ c„w_ex GZ my›ì! cÖK…wZ GZ my›ì! gvneye GZ my›ì! my›`‡ii c~Rvwi `yÕRb, G‡K Ac‡ii gv‡S nvwi‡q †hZvg| GKvZ¥Zv‡ev‡a AbycÖvwYZ nZvg| Rxe‡bi cÖ_g ch©v‡q Avwg Zvi Kv‡Q wQjvg GKwU meyR †g‡q| wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Avgv‡K mh‡Zœ M‡o Zz‡j‡Q †m| ga¨ ch©v‡q G‡K Ac‡ii eÜz n‡qwQ| †mB †_‡K gvneye Avgvi Kv‡Q wkïi g‡Zv GKRb Kwe| Kwei mv‡_ Rxebhvcb Kiv †ek KwVb| Zv‡ì Q‡›`B Pj‡Z nq| Gfv‡e Pj‡Z wM‡q Zvi g‡a¨ †mœngq, Av‡eMcÖeY, mK‡ji Rb¨ fv‡jvevmvc~Y© Ges bxwZevb GKwU gvbyl Luy‡R †c‡qwQ| AvR Avgiv Rxe‡bi cÖvq †kl ch©v‡q| Avgiv GL‡bv GKB m~‡Î euvav| Rxe‡bi eû PovB-DrivB cvi n‡qwQ| K‡Vvi ev —eZvi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ| KL‡bv Avb‡›ì †mªv‡Z †f‡mwQ| KL‡bv †e`bvq †f‡O †MwQ| KL‡bv Awfgv‡b gyL wdwi‡qwQ| †¶v‡f wegl© n‡qwQ| ivMvwš^Z n‡qwQ| wewb ª ivwÎ hvcb K‡iwQ| Avevi yÕR‡b nvZ wgwj‡qwQ| cÖv‡Y cÖvY GK K‡iwQ| ci¯úi ci¯úi‡K eyS‡Z m‡Pó n‡qwQ| ¶gvcÖv_x© n‡qwQ G‡K Ac‡ii Kv‡Q| Zv‡Z Avgiv wb‡R‡ì ¶z ª g‡b Kwiwb| ye©vi kw³ mÂq K‡iwQ| yÕRb yÕR‡bi Av‡jv‡Z D™¢vwmZ n‡qwQ| mg„× n‡qwQ| 1952 †_‡K 2006-Gi my xN© weevwnZ Rxe‡b gvneye‡K eÜz wn‡m‡eB †ewk †c‡qwQ| GLb g‡b nqÑ Rxeb GZ †QvU †Kb?Ó [Ôgvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix : GK Awe¯§iYxq KweZvi RbKÕ, c„: 412] Zvi Amgvß ¯§„wZK_vi cÖ_g L‡Ê Avgv‡ì we‡qi cwi”Q` m¤ú‡K© †jLvi ¶gZv Avgvi †bB| †h „wófw½ †_‡K wZwb G cwi”Q` Dc ’vcbv Ki‡Zb Zvi KYvUzKzI Avgvi c‡¶ †jLv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e Avgvi †jLv Ô¯§„wZK_v : GKwU ARvbv †g‡qÕ eB‡Z Avgv‡ì we‡qi Aa¨vq QvovI Zvi Rxe‡bi cieZx© ch©v‡qi wKQz wKQz NUbv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ mK‡j Kwei cÖwZ A‡kl kª×v Ges fv‡jvevmv cÖ k©b K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avwg wPiw`b FYx _vK‡ev| cÖm½µ‡g GB eB‡Z wKQz wKQz NUbvi cybive„wË n‡q‡Q| Kwe wb‡R m¤úv`bv Kivi mgq †c‡j nq‡Zv Zvi cÖevn mwVKfv‡e n‡Zv| Zvi †jLv ¸wQ‡q †èvi †hvM¨Zv ev mvnm Avgvi †bB| Avgvi AÁZvi Rb¨ hw` †Kv‡bv fyjÎ“wU n‡q _v‡K Ñ Zvi Rb¨ Avwg mK‡ji Kv‡Q ¶gv cÖv_x©| RIkb Aviv ingvb mxgvš— evwo-48, †ivW-20 †m±i-3, DËiv, XvKv 18 Rvbyqvwi 2008

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m~wP cÖvi¤¢ †Q‡j‡ejvi K_v

Avgvi nv‡ZLwo †QvU‡ejvi wKQz NUbv wRb, cix Ges f~‡Zi Av‡iv wKQz NUbv Avgvi †QvU‡ejvi †Ljvi mv_x

Mwniv nvB¯‹zj cÖwZôv Ges Avgvi bvbv I gvgv‡ì K_v bvbxi Kv‡Q †kvbv agx©q Mí †Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz Rvjv‡ji m‡½ evj¨‡cÖg Ges Avgvi Kve¨kw³i D‡b¥l myàwbi gv, Kvjvwgqv eÏv I †Rvniv

Avgvi †RVvBgvi D`viZv Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖev`cÖwZg e¨w³Z¡ : giûg Ave yj evix †PŠayix I Avgvi wcZv PÆMÖvg kn‡i Avgvi cÖ_g yÕeQ‡ii ¯§„wZ : Avgvi wk¶K L¨vZbvgv wk¶vwe` Gg Ave ym mvgv` bRi“j‡K wb‡q Avgvi wKQy ¯§„wZ Kwe Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix I Avgvi eÜz myPwiZ mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi aª“eZviv PÆMÖv‡g Avgvi ivR‰bwZK ¸i“ ûgvqyb Kwei Avwg Avgv‡ì HwZ‡nï K_v ejwQ

evOvwji †MŠie ki”P› ª `vk KxwZ©gvb nicÖmv` kv ¿x

wn› y bq gymjgvb bq : gbyl¨Z¡B gvby‡li cÖ_g cwiPq wn› y-gymjgv‡bi ivwLeÜb

Avgvi mgvRev‡` `x¶v RInijvj †bni“i PÆMÖvg AvMgb

Avevi kn‡i wd‡i Gjvg LvZzbM‡Äi DcvL¨vb †iqvRywÏb evRv‡ii Rb¥K_v, kvnRv`x evBRx wØZxq gnvhy× Ges evsjvi ey‡K `vi“Y nvnvKvi hy× I ywf©‡¶i LÊwPÎ GK b„Z¨wkíxi †cÖg Ges wKQy NUbv PÆMÖv‡g cÖv‡`wkK QvÎ m‡¤§jb I Kvnvicvovi NUbv

cvwK —vb Av‡›`vj‡b AvRv` cwÎKvi f~wgKv wbwLj fviZ K…lK m‡¤§jb, †ZfvMvi jovB : dRjyj n‡Ki FY mvwjwk †evW©, bv‡Pvj we‡ ªvn I BjvwgÎ Avgvi cÖ_g †cÖg

AZx‡Zi w`‡K Pjw”P‡Îi Qvqvq Avgiv yÕRb †kl we`v‡qi g‡Zv GKwU gg© úkx© we`vq PÆMÖvg‡K †Q‡o _vK‡Z cvijvg bv : †kK‡oi Uv‡b †`‡k wd‡i Gjvg ev ‘Z¨v‡Mi wnwo‡Ki g‡a¨ wkLvivI †`k Qvo‡jv ¯§„wZgq KjKvZv KjKvZvq gvgvi g„Zz

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Kg‡iW Aw¤^Kv PµeZx©i Wv‡K KjKvZvi `v½v Dc ª“Z GjvKv cwi`k©b KjKvZvi KwZcq eÜz-evÜ‡ei ¯§„wZ

†bZv‡ì AvcmKvwgZvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb wecø‡ei iƒc wbj bv : cwiYwZ‡Z wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z †`k fvM n‡jv yÕevi we`xY© n‡jv evOjv

1947 mv‡j †Kvb cwiw ’wZ‡Z, Kx D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q mxgvš— †ei Kwi wek¦kvwš—i Wv‡K ^v¶i w`b Ômxgvš—Õ Ges Wv. cÖdzjø P› ª †Nvl mxgvš— cÖKv‡ki cÖ_g w`b

wcÖqmLv Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb‡K wb‡q wKQy ¯§„wZ Avgvi K‡jR Rxe‡bi w`b¸‡jv KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i AvZ¥NvZx bxwZ : fviZ I cvwK —v‡b gy³ GjvKv M‡o †Zvjvi e¨_© cÖqvm

M„nf„Z¨ †_‡K cvwU©-‡bZv †`‡eb wkK`v‡ii †Mvcb Rxe‡bi we¯§qKi Kvwnbx wgm‡ii gyw³hy×, 1956 mv‡j my‡qR Lvj RvZxqKiY : PÆMÖv‡g wekvj wgwQj

weªwUk †ewbqv‡ì wgmi cÖ‡ek ^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi ïi“

gyw³ Av‡›`vj‡bi bZzb Aa¨vq RNb¨ mvgªvRëv`x AvµgYÑ ywbqv‡Rvov Zzgyj we‡¶vf Av‡gwiKv, B½-divwm nvbv`vi‡ì mvnvh¨Kvix wgm‡ii jovBÑ Avgv‡ì jovB

DËvj cÂvk : exi PÆMÖvg PÆMÖv‡gi ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§jb : bvg weåvU Agi GKz‡ki HwZnvwmK †cª¶vcU Avgvi ¯§„wZ‡Z fvlv Av‡›`vjb

†Lv›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` Bwjqv‡mi Revwb‡Z c‡ii NUbv Kzwgjøvq c~e© cvwK —v‡bi wØZxq gvbeZvev`x ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§jb bvbv Qwe bvbv Mvb

i‡gk kx‡ji K_v Avgvi cvm‡cvU© AvU‡Ki Kvwnbx I dKv †PŠayixi Ôky Kh¨v K‡WÕ †cvcvw`qvi wbeviY VvKzi nZ¨v Ab¨vb¨ cÖm½

PÆMÖv‡gi ms¯‹…wZ êVK I cÖvwš—K bebvU¨ msN Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZi De©i‡¶Î

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cÖvi¤¢ Avgvi wewfbœ msea©bv mfvq `vwe I‡V, Avcbvi KvQ †_‡K Avgiv GKwU AvZ¥Rxebx Dcnvi PvB| eq‡mi fv‡i K¬všÍ Avwg, †Kej ¯§„wZkw³i Ici wbf©i K‡i ¯§„wZK_v wjL‡Z mvnm cvBwb| evievi G `vwe D”PvwiZ nIqvq GK mgq fvwe, ¯§„wZwbf©i n‡jI GKwU ¯§„wZK_v wjLe| ¯§„wZi Ici wbf©i Kivi wec` GB †h, Zv A‡bK mgq e¯‘wbô n‡q I‡V bv, mb-ZvwiL G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q hvq| KL‡bv KL‡bv ÔAvwgÕ AwZ cÖvavb¨ †c‡q hvq| Kíbvi cvLv wbqš¿Y nvwi‡q Rxebx KíKvwnbx‡Z cwiYZ nq| B`vbxs BwZnv‡mi Z_¨ weåvwš— †`‡L Avwg wbi“rmvnx n‡q cwo| Avgvi `xN©w`‡bi eÜz, ZrKvjxb ÔhyMvš—iÕ m¤úv`K GweGg g~mv| hLb Avwg msk‡q yjwQ, GKw`b †Uwj‡dvb K‡i ej‡jb, Avgvi KvM‡R Avcbvi ¯§„wZg~jK GKwU †jLv avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z Avgiv AvMÖnx| Zvici †Rvi w`‡q ej‡jb, G †jLv Avcbv‡K wjL‡ZB n‡e| Avwg KvM‡R †NvlYv w`‡q w`w”Q| Av‡MB e‡jwQ, wZwb Avgvi cyi‡bv eÜz| `xN©w`b PÆMÖv‡g wQ‡jb| Avgvi ivR‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvsMVwbK Kvh©Kjv‡ci m‡½ mycwiwPZ| ïay ZvB bq, wZwb wQ‡jb hyejxMmn Avgvi wewfbœ Kvh©Kjv‡ci mn‡hvMx, mn‡hv×v| 4 b‡f¤î 2004 Zvwi‡L hyMvš—‡ii ÔAvengvb evsjv PÆMÖvgÕ kxl©K cvZvq †`Ljvg 7 b‡f¤î Avgvi 78Zg Rb¥w`‡b ï‡f”Qv msewjZ GKwU †jLv| Gi m‡½ GKwU we‡kl †NvlYv ÔG cvZvq wjL‡Qb gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix| PÆMÖv‡gi mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ wb‡q Zuvi avivevwnK iPbv cÖKvwkZ n‡e AvjvIj †_‡K Aveyj dRj|Õ Avwg Zv‡K Avk¦ — K‡iwQjvg C‡ì ci †_‡K †jLv ïi“ Kie| wKš‘ Avgvi †mœnfvRb †mvnive nvmv‡bi ZvMv`vi d‡j cÖ_g wKw — †jLv ïi“ Kwi| Avwg ÔPÆMÖvg : Avgvi PÆMÖvgÕÑ GB wk‡ivbv‡g wjLe w ’i K‡iwQ| hyMvš—‡i eQiLv‡bK a‡i cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci k¨vgj `‡Ëi AvMÖ‡n cÖwZ ïµevi Ô†fv‡ii KvMRÕ mvwnZ¨ cvZvq Ô¯§„wZi mÜv‡bÕ wk‡ivbv‡g wbqwgZ †ei nq| PÆMÖvg Avgvi Rb¥f~wg| Avgvi AnsKvi| GLv‡b KY©dzjxi RjZi‡½ Avwg eû gnvgvby‡li KÉ î ïb‡Z cvB| cvB PÆMÖv‡gi we¯§qKi HwZ‡nï mÜvb| gnvZ¥v MvÜx e‡jwQ‡jb, Chittagong to the fore Avi myKvš— wj‡LwQ‡jb t PÆMÖvg : 1943 ¶zavZ© evZv‡m ïwb GLv‡b wbf„Z GK bvgÑ PÆMÖvg : exi PÆMÖvg! we¶Z weaŸ — †`‡n A™¢yZ wbtkã mwnòzZv Avgv‡ì mœvqy‡Z mœvqy‡Z we y rcÖevn Av‡b, Av‡b AvR †PZbvi w`b| PÆMÖvg : exi PÆMÖvg! ......... PÆMÖv‡gi wkq‡i ùvwo‡q `xN© meyR ce©Z †kªYx| PiY †avqvq iZ e‡½vcmvM‡ii Zi½gvjv| eyK Ry‡o R¡j‡Q evoeKz‡Êi `vevbj, m~h© †m‡bi wPZv| Gi mvwnZ¨ HwZn¨ we¯§qKi| PÊx`v‡mi cÖvq mgmvgwqK PÆMÖv‡gi Kwe wj‡LwQ‡jb (Kwei bvg ¯§i‡Y Avm‡Q bv) t bvbv eiY Mvfx‡i fvB GKB eiY ya RMr åwgqv †`wL GKB gv‡qi cyZ| me©gvb‡ei ms¯‹…wZ mvabvi GK gnr wb`k©b| GB PÆMÖv‡giB Kwe Ave yj nvwKg wj‡LwQ‡jb t †h Rb e‡½‡Z Rwb¥ wns‡m e½evYx †m Rb Kvnvi Rb¥ wbY©q b Rvwb| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, GUv wZwb gymwjg m¤cÖ vq‡K D‡Ïk K‡i wj‡LwQ‡jb| GK_v mZ¨ bq| ZLbKvi w`‡b AwfRvZ gymwjg m¤cÖ vq G †`k‡K wb‡Ri †`k fve‡Zv bv| d‡j evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ wQj Zv‡ì GK cÖKvi

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Abxnv| †Zgwb wn› y AwfRvZ †kªYxI g‡b Ki‡Zv Zviv G †`‡ki Awaevmx bq| Ôwe‡`k †_‡K AvMZÕ G K_v ej‡Z Zviv †MŠie‡eva Ki‡Zb| `x‡bk †m‡bi AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z Gi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| G‡ZB †evSv hvq, GUv Dfq m¤úª vq‡K j¶¨ K‡i †jLv| PÆMÖv‡g wn› y-gymwjg-†eŠ×-wLª÷vb‡ì kvwš—c~Y© mnve ’vb GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv| GLv‡b gmwR` Ges kvn mywd‡ì ìMv‡ni cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q wn› y agx©‡ì gw›ì Ges †eŠ× agx©‡ì gV I ¯Z~c| ev‡qwR` †ev —vgxi ìMvn, kvn AvgvbZ, eì cxi, ev‡iv AvDwjqv †hgb wn› y-gymjgv‡bi cyY¨ †¶Î †Zgwb P‡Æk¦ix gw›ì, Kvjx gw›ì Ges gnvgybx I K·evRv‡ii weL¨vZ †eŠ× gV me m¤úª v‡qi Kv‡Q cweÎ ’vb| ga¨hyMxq evsjvi Ab¨Zg †kªô Kwe AvjvIj PÆMÖv‡gi Awaevmx| nvUnvRvix †_‡K PÆMÖvg kn‡i hvIqvi c‡_ †Rveiv MÖv‡g AvjvI‡ji bv‡g GK weivU `xwN Av‡Q| Zvi KeiI †mLv‡b e‡j †jv‡Ki wek¦vm| wZwb wewkó Kweiƒ‡c †hgb weL¨vZ †Zgwb wewkó avivi cÖeZ©K iƒ‡cI evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Agi I wPi¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡eb| †èZv bq, gvbylB Zvi Kv‡eï DcRxe¨ nq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ me©cÖ_g| mvwn‡Zï ^M© n‡Z gZ© ‡jv‡K AeZiY, gay hy‡Mi GB K…wZ‡Z¡i wZwb AwaKvix| Zvi Kv‡R êòe cÖfve Av‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡K j¾vi welq g‡b K‡ibwb| †`‡ki HwZn¨‡K AvZ¥mvr Ki‡Z †M‡j HwZ‡nï wbqg cvjb Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡eB bZzb avivi weKvk jvf N‡U| Z`vbxš—b kvmK‡ì G e¨vcv‡i wKQy wk¶Yxq wQj| û‡mb kvn, civMj Luv, QywU Luv I Ab¨vb¨ eû Lvb-Lvbvb, cvVvb b„cwZMY GUv ü`q½g K‡iwQ‡jb| ivRZ¡ ’vqx Ki‡Z n‡j †`‡ki HwZ‡nï cÖwZ kª×v _vKv DwPZ| GUv Dcjwä K‡i Zviv wb‡R‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvq evsjv mvwnZ¨ iPbvq Drmvn w`‡qwQ‡jb| fvlvi wbcxob K‡ibwb| Ab¨ fvlv Pvwc‡q †`qvi wbe©yw×ZvI cÖKvk K‡ibwb| IB Avg‡j gymwjg b„cwZ‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZv bv †c‡j nq‡Zv evsjv mvwnZ¨ Auvav‡i wejxb n‡q †hZ| 1945 mv‡j PÆMÖvg gymwjg nj cÖv½‡Y Avgiv wZb w`be¨vcx Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì Rb¥Rqš—x cvjb Kwi| G‡Z †hvM w`‡Z Av‡mb KjKvZv †_‡K gyn¤§` nexeyjøvn evnvi, AvRv` cwÎKvi evZ©v m¤úv`K †gvnv¤§` †gv`v‡eŸi, wewkó †jLK Avgvi eÜz iweDÏxb, wKse`š—x MvqK AveŸvm DÏxb Ges ZLbKvi Pjw”PÎ RM‡Zi weL¨vZ bvqK I MvqK iex› ª gRyg`vi| GB Rqš—x‡K Dcj¶¨ K‡i cwUqvi myPµ`Êx MÖv‡g Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì evwo‡Z Avgvi hvZvqvZ ïi“ nq| Zuvi Kv‡Q Avwg ga¨hy‡Mi Kwe PÆMÖv‡gi AvjvIj, †`ŠjZ KvRx, gvMb VvKzi cÖgyL Kwe m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ nB| wZwb ÔAviKvb-ivRmfvq ev½vjv mvwnZ¨Õ bv‡g Zvi †jLv MÖš’wU Avgv‡K †mœ‡ni wb`k©b îƒc Dcnvi †`b (1945)| MÖš’wUi cÖKvkK ¸i“`vm P‡Ævcva¨vq GÛ mÝ, 203/1/1 Kb©Iqvwjm w÷ªU, KjKvZv, 1935 Bs‡iwR, g~j¨ †ò UvKv gvÎ| MÖš’wUi f~wgKv †j‡Lb ivqevnv yi kªxhy³ W±i `x‡bk P› ª †mb we.G, wW.wjU&| G cÖm‡½ Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` Avgv‡K Rvbv‡jb, †`ŠjZ KvRxi Rb¥ ivDRvb _vbvi myjZvbcyi MÖv‡g| Av‡iv ej‡jb, Avgvi bvbviv †`ŠjZ KvRxi eskai| µ‡g Zuvi m‡½ Avwg Nwbô n‡q DwV| 1947 mv‡j hLb gvwmK Ômxgvš—Õ †ei Kwi (KvwZ©K, 1354) ZLb ÔcÙveZxÕ mš^‡Ü ÔhrwKwÂrÕ kxl©K Zvi †jLvwU Qvwc| ILv‡b wZwb †j‡Lb, Avwg cÙveZxi GKUv weï× ms¯‹iY cÖKv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖvq 40 Lvwb cÖvPxb nv‡Zi †jLv cuyw_i mvnv‡h¨ cvÊywjwc ˆZqvi Kwi‡ZwQ| eo KwVb I `xN© mgqmv‡c¶ KvR| Z‡e KvR †kl nIqv ch©š— euvwPqv _vK‡ev wK-bv †Lv`vZvjvB Rv‡bb|Õ ejvevûj¨, ÔcÙveZxÕ ïay Kwe AvjvI‡ji me©cÖ_g iPbv bq, me©cÖavb iPbvI e‡U| Gici †_‡K gvwmK Ômxgv‡š—iÕ cÖwZ msL¨vq (1947-1952) Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` cyuw_ mvwn‡Zï Ici wbqwgZ wjL‡Zb| g‡b c‡o 1948 mv‡j hLb Avgvi eqm GKzk eQi, ZLb fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ïi“‡Z PÆMÖvg †R.Gg. †mb n‡j wZwb cÖavb AwZw_ n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| wKš‘ gymwjg jx‡Mi ¸Êviv GB mfv cÊ K‡i †`q| cÖPviKvh© Pvjvevi mgq Avwg Ges knx` mv‡ei ¸Êv‡ì nv‡Z cÖüZ nB| Zviv gvBK †K‡o wb‡q hvq| wZwb G‡Z GZ †ewk ¶zä n‡qwQ‡jb †h, Avgv‡ì cÖwZwU mfv-m‡¤§j‡b Dcw ’Z †_‡K evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi `vwei cÖwZ „pZvi m‡½ K_v ej‡Zb, Avgv‡ì HwZn¨ m¤ú‡K© mevB‡K mZK© Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e wZwb AvRxeb Avgv‡ì cv‡k †_‡K kw³ Ges Aby‡cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ ga¨hy‡M PÆMÖv‡gi Avi yÕRb Kwei bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB| †ivmv½-ivRmfvq †_‡K hviv evsjv mvwn‡Zï †mev K‡iwQ‡jb Kwe †Kv‡ikx gvMb VvKzi Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wØZxq e¨w³| wZwb †ivmv‡½ Ae ’vbKv‡j ÔP› ªveZxÕ Kve¨Lvwb iPbv K‡ib| mvwnZ¨ wekvi` 1928 mv‡j GB cyuw_Lvwb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| GB mg‡qi Av‡iKRb Kwe, Kex› ª ci‡gk¦i `vm| †MŠ‡oi myjZvb †nv‡mb kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j 1493-1519 wLª÷v‡ã Zuvi AwaK…Z PÆMÖv‡gi †mbv kvmK civMj Luvi Av‡`‡k Kex› ª ci‡gk¦i 1700 †køv‡K evsjv fvlvq gnvfviZ iPbv K‡ib| GUv evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m civMjx gnvfviZ bv‡g myweL¨vZ| G‡Z †evSv hvq, †MŠ‡oi myjZvbiv wn› y-gymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l Dfq m¤cÖ v‡qi Kwe‡ì cÖPzi c„ô‡cvlKZv Ki‡Zb| agx©q mv¤cÖ vwqKZvi Avkªq wb‡Zb bv| Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` m¤ú‡K© we —vwiZ Ab¨ Aa¨v‡q wj‡LwQ|

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†Q‡j‡ejvi K_v †QvU‡ejvi K_v ej‡Z †M‡j Avb›` Avi welv‡` Avgvi gb f‡i I‡V| Pvi eQi eq‡m gv‡K nvwi‡qwQ (1930)| ZLb eywSwb †h gv KZ eo awiÎx| GLb eyS‡Z cvwi gv nviv‡bvi †e`bv| ZvB hvi Kv‡Q Avwg †Q‡j‡ejvq Ges GL‡bv GKUz Avì fv‡jvevmv †mœn cvB, Zviv mevB n‡q I‡V Avgvi gv| Avgvi gv‡qi msL¨v AmsL¨| hviv gviv †M‡Q Zv‡ì †mœn fv‡jvevmvi K_v g‡b c‡o| hviv Avgvi Kb¨vi eqmx Zv‡ì A‡bK‡K bv‡gi †bkvq gv e‡j WvwK| Zv‡ì kª×vq fv‡jvevmvq Avgvi gv‡qi AfveUv A‡bKLvwb jvNe nq| GLb Avgvi gv‡qi Avm‡b Av‡Q Avgvi GKgvÎ Kb¨v gywbœ, Acvjv, ïK¬v, `xcv, wjwc, †eex, wmœ»v Ges Av‡iv A‡b‡K| †eex, Avgvi †mœnfvRb Avwgb Avng` g›Uzi ¿x| Zvi Mvjfiv gvgv WvKwU‡Z Avgvi gb f‡i hvq| AbïvI Avgvi Kv‡Q mgvb Avìbxq| ey‡ov n‡j gvbyl wkï n‡q hvq| wkï †f‡e Zviv Avì, †mœn Ges ggZv w`‡q Avgv‡K AvM‡j iv‡L| gv‡K †hw`b †kvK wgwQj K‡i Kei w`‡Z wb‡q hvq, ZLb Avwg Avgvi bvbvi †Kv‡j| cv‡k AkÖ“avivq wm³ Avgvi evev| mevi Av`‡i LvwbKUv cyjK Abyfe K‡iwQ| eyS‡Z cvwiwb GKUz c‡i Kx n‡Z hv‡”Q| Avi †Kv‡bvw`b †h Zuvi gyL †`Le bv GUv eySjvg hLb gvwU‡Z †X‡K w`j Zuvi g„Z‡`n| Avwg Kvbœvq †f‡O cojvg| ¸i“Rb‡ì g‡a¨ Avgv‡K wb‡q UvbvUvwb ïi“ n‡jv| †K Avgv‡K KZ †ewk Avì w`‡Z cv‡i †hb Zvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| wkïi gb Aš—h©vgx| †m Abvqv‡m eyS‡Z cv‡i Kvi fv‡jvevmvUv Avmj Avi KviUv bKj| †QvU‡ejvq bvbv-bvbx Ges AcyÎK †RVv-†RVvBgv Avgvi gvÕi cÖavb weKí wn‡m‡e Avgv‡K ey‡Ki Qvqv w`‡q †i‡LwQ‡jb| mevB Avgv‡K Av`‡ii m‡½ eo K‡i‡Qb| ZeyI †Kv_vI †hb GKUz NvUwZ wQj| Avwg KL‡bv AvKv‡k, KL‡bv SvD‡qi kvLvi µ›`‡b gv‡K Luy‡R †eovZvg| IB mgq Avwg GKv GKv _vK‡Z cQ›` KiZvg| Avi AvKv‡ki †g‡Ni AvK…wZi g‡a¨ Avgvi gv‡qi gyL †`L‡Z †Póv KiZvg| †Kv‡bvw`b KvD‡K Rvb‡Z †`Bwb Avgvi GB †e`bvi K_v| ïay Avgvi †RVvBgv, whwb wQ‡jb Avgvi gvÕi GKgvÎ weKí, Avgvi gyL †`‡L g‡bi Lei ey‡S †dj‡Zb| bvbvfv‡e Avgv‡K gv‡qi K_v †fvjv‡Z †Póv Ki‡Zb| Avgvi ˆkkeKvj †K‡U‡Q `vi“Y Uvbvc‡o‡bi g‡a¨| KL‡bv bvbv evwo‡Z KL‡bv evevi evwo‡Z †RVvBgvi Kv‡Q| bvbv evwo‡ZB †K‡U‡Q †ewkifvM mgq| GK_v Avwg wewfbœ mgq wj‡LwQ| Avgvi †RVvBgv Avw¤^qv LvZzb wQ‡jb GK †mœncÖeY bvix| Zuvi †Kv‡bv cyÎ mš—vb wQj bv| wZwb Ges Zuvi `yB †g‡q Avgv‡K Am¤¢e fv‡jvevm‡Zb| Avgvi g‡b n‡Zv GB evwoi Zzjbvq bvbv evwo GKwU KvivMvi| †RVvBgv‡K Avwg eogv WvKZvg| Zuvi Kv‡Q Avgvi Ave`v‡ii mxgv wQj bv| Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z Avwg wQjvg gy³ wen‡½i g‡Zv ^vaxb Ges evwoi me †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì m ©vi| Zv‡ì wb‡q Avwg PZzivq (evB‡ii Ni) ¯‹z‡j AwfbxZ wmivR-D`-‡`Šjv bvU‡Ki AbyKi‡Y bvbv ai‡bi Awfbq, Ave„wË, Mvb BZ¨vwì Av‡qvRb KiZvg| Avi eogv‡K Gme †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rb¨ bv —v BZ¨vw` ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Z n‡Zv| GRb¨ wZwb Avgv‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz bv ej‡Zb bv| hv PvBZvg Zv-B w`‡Zb| Zvi †Kvj& wQj Avgvi wbivc` Avkªq| wZwb bvi‡K‡ji nvjyqv, cv‡qm, eiBi wgwó AvPvi, KuvPv Av‡gi PvUwb evwb‡q Avgv‡K Ges Avgvi eÜz‡ì †L‡Z w`‡Zb| wKš‘ †¯úkvj Lvevi †i‡L w`‡Zb Avgvi Rb¨| †hgb cywWs, miciv Nb ya, †i½yb †_‡K Avgvi †RVvi cvVv‡bv j‡RÝ BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv KvD‡K w`‡Zb bv| GgbwK Zvi yB †g‡q‡KI bv| Zvi cÖkª‡q Avwg GZB yiš— n‡q D‡VwQjvg †h Avgvi m½x-mv_x‡ì wb‡q ¯‹z‡j e‡m A‡bK‡K gvi‡avi KiZvg| Avgvi †RVvBgvi Kv‡Q †KD GB e¨vcv‡i bvwjk w`‡j wZwb Zv‡ì wKQz GKUv LvB‡q Avcm K‡i †dj‡Zb| GRb¨ Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z Avgv‡K †KD kvmb Ki‡Zb bvÑ †RVvBgvi ‡Zv cÖkœB Av‡m bv| Avwg Mv‡Q D‡V Avg cviZvg, cyKz‡i gvQ aiZvg Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv yB †RVv‡Zv fvB‡qi m‡½ iv‡Î †gjvq Ges hvÎv ïb‡Z P‡j †hZvg| Avgvi gvÕi m¤ú‡K© †RVvBgv bvbv Mí ej‡Zb| ej‡Zb, Avgvi gvÕi †Zi eQi eq‡m we‡q n‡qwQj| Avgvi `v`v Ab¨ PvPx‡ì we‡q‡Z w`‡qwQ‡jb GK Avwo iƒcvi Aj¼vi| Avi Avgvi gv‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb GK Avwo ^Y©vjsKvi| GB AjsKv‡ii wel‡q Avgvi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn wQj bv| wZwb Av‡iv ej‡Zb, wZwb Avgvi `v`vi †Kv‡j

e‡m gywo †L‡Zb| Avi †Ljvi mgq n‡j Avgv‡K †RVvBgvi †Kv‡j Qy‡o w`‡q †Lj‡Z P‡j †h‡Zb| GKw`b Ggb n‡qwQj, Avgvi GK PvPx bvi‡K‡ji eiwd evbvw”Q‡jb| Avwg uvwo‡q uvwo‡q eiwd evbv‡bv †`LwQjvg| PvPx Avgv‡K eiwdi Dw”QóUzKz w`‡qwQ‡jb †L‡Z| Avgv‡K Dw”Qó †L‡Z †`‡L gv LyeB ¶zä n‡qwQ‡jb| Avwg †Kb ILv‡b wM‡q †jvfxi g‡Zv uvwo‡qwQjvg Zvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K Lye †g‡iwQ‡jb| Zr¶Yvr bvi‡Kj Avwb‡q

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A‡bK bvi‡K‡ji eiwd evwb‡q Avgvi mvg‡b a‡i ejwQ‡jb Lv, Lv, KZ Lvwe| Zvici †Ku‡`wQ‡jb| GB NUbv Avgvi Rxe‡b LyeB cÖfve we —vi K‡iwQj| ZLb †_‡K Avwg KvD‡K wKQy †L‡Z †`L‡j †mLvb †_‡K cvjvZvg| †KD wKQy †L‡Z w`‡j Avwg wbZvg bv| Avgvi GK Lvjv‡Zv †evb wQj| Lvev‡ii w`‡K Zvi †ek †jvf wQj| evwo‡Z †Kv‡bv †gngvb G‡j Zv‡ì bvbv ai‡bi bv —v w`‡q Avc¨vqb Kiv n‡Zv| Avgvi IB †evbwU c`©vi Avov‡j ùvwo‡q †gngvbiv KLb P‡j hv‡eb Zvi A‡c¶vq _vK‡Zv| Avi †gngvbiv P‡j hvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ bv¯—v¸‡jv †fZ‡i G‡b MjvaKiY Ki‡Zv| Zvi GB AvPiY Avgvi Lye Lvivc jvM‡Zv| Lvevi mgq gvQ wKsev gvs‡mi eo UzK‡ivwUi w`‡K †m ZvwK‡q _vK‡Zv| Avi ej‡Zv eo UzK‡ivUv Avgvi PvB| Avgvi cv‡Z †Kv‡bv mgq eo UzK‡iv †`L‡j †m Cl©vwš^Z n‡q co‡Zv Ges †Ku‡` Awf‡hvM Ki‡Zv †h Avgv‡K †ewk Avì K‡i eo UzK‡ivUv †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avwg j¾vq jvj n‡q DVZvg Ges Avgvi cv‡Zi UzK‡ivwU Zv‡K w`‡q w`Zvg| Avgvi LvjvI Awf‡hvM Ki‡Zb †h, Avgvi gvgviv Ges bvbv-bvbx Ibvi †g‡qi †P‡q Avgv‡K †ewk fv‡jvev‡mb| Gfv‡e bvbvi evwo‡Z LvIqv-`vIqvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi yb©vg wQj| Avi Avgvi wQj mybvg| Avgvi †h Gme Lvevi †L‡Z B‡”Q n‡Zv bv Zv bq| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvw`b Gme Lv`¨ †P‡q wb‡q LvBwb| we‡qi Av‡M ch©š— ^fv‡ei g‡a¨ GiKg GKwU g‡bvfve M‡o D‡VwQj| Ab¨‡ì †P‡q Avgvi Pvwn`vi gvÎv wQj LyeB Kg| †QvU‡ejvq Avwg Kv‡iv Kv‡Q wKQy PvB‡Z cviZvg bvÑ GKgvÎ Avgvi †RVvBgv Qvov| j¾v jvM‡Zv| Gfv‡e †fvR‡bi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi g‡a¨ GKwU g~j¨‡eva M‡o D‡VwQj| cieZx© Rxe‡bI Avwg Zv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvwiwb| evwo‡Z wKsev †Kv‡bv `vIqv‡Z Lvev‡ii AvKl©Yxq AvB‡Ug¸‡jv hv‡Z Abïv wVKfv‡e cvq, †mw`‡K Avwg we‡kl bRi ivwL| Aci‡K ewÂZ K‡i Lvev‡ii Dcv‡`q AskUv wb‡Ri cv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡Z Avgvi LyeB Lvivc jv‡M| Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Lvevi-`vevi, Lv`¨ ZvwjKv Ges AvPvi-eënvi wb‡q wKQy ixwZ-bxwZ Av‡Q| Aek¨ Gi †kªYx‡fÌ Av‡QÑ AÂjwfwËK, ag©wfwËK Ges cwieviwfwËK| e¨w³‡f‡Ì Gi e¨Z¨q N‡U| m¤£vš— cwiev‡i G e¨vcv‡i †QvU‡ì mshgx nIqvi Rb¨ wKQyUv †Uªwbs †`qv nq| GUv AZ¨š— †QvU e¨vcvi n‡jI Gi wfwË‡Z gvbyl gvbyl‡K A‡bK mgq g~j¨vqb K‡i| g‡b nq, †h †jvK Lvevi e¨vcv‡i mvgvb¨ †jvf mvgjv‡Z cv‡i bv, †m Rxe‡bi e„nËi †¶‡Î nq me‡P‡q †ewk ^v_©ci I †jvfx| mgv‡Ri fvimvg¨ Zv‡ì Øviv e¨vnZ nq| †QvU‡ejvq Avgvi g‡a¨ bvbxi cÖfv‡e Lvev‡ii

e¨vcv‡i †h Af¨vm M‡o D‡VwQj Zv AvRxeb i¶v K‡iwQ| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq Aw —Z¡ i¶vi msMÖv‡g †gR gvgvi mvnvh¨v‡_© we‡`kx ˆmwbK Ges Awdmvi‡ì Rb¨ †K.wm. †` †iv‡W Ly‡jwQjvg GKwU †i÷z‡i›U| bvg wQj Avgvi eÜz d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U ievU© µ‡mi †`qv Trocadero| †mB Mí c‡i ejv n‡e| †i÷z‡i‡›U mv‡neiv myiv wb‡q Avm‡Zv Ges wbwe©ev‡` myiv cvb Ki‡Zv| IB mgq Avgvi gvgv Avgv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, Avgvi gv_v Quy‡q cÖwZÁv Ki, †Kv‡bvw`b myivm³ nwe bv| Zuvi wb‡ ©k mvivRxeb †g‡b P‡jwQ| hviv myiv cvb K‡i Zv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi †Kv‡bv we‡Øl †bB| PÆMÖvg _vK‡Z Avgvi eû Nwbô wkíx Ges mvwnwZ¨K eÜziv Avgvi evwo‡Z myiv cv‡bi Avmi emv‡Zv| wKš‘ Avwg myiv cvb †_‡K me mgq weiZ _vKZvg| GKw`‡bi K_v g‡b c‡o| †`k ^vaxb nIqvi ci KjKvZv †_‡K Avgvi evwo‡Z AwZw_ n‡q G‡mwQj Avgvi Nwbô eÜz, cÖev`cÖwZg K_vwkíx mg‡ik emy| cÖwZw`b Zvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K myivi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡Zv| myiv mieivn Ki‡Zv Avgvi eÜz Rv‡n` †nv‡mb| mg‡ik‡K Avwg wR‡Ám K‡iwQjvg, Zzwg †Kb cvwU© †Q‡o‡Qv| †m Reve w`‡qwQj g`¨cvb Qvov Avgvi gyL †_‡K †mme K_v †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Zvi KvQ †_‡K cvwU© Qvovi KviY¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ï‡bwQjvg| †m GK mgq KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Ki‡Zv Ges cvwU©i Rb¨ Z¨vM ^xKvi Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡K `xN©w`b ytmn Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q, †R‡j †h‡Z n‡q‡Q| IB mgqKv‡j Zvi mv‡_ Avgvi cwiPq Ges eÜzZ¡| mg‡ik AvR Avi †bB| GK mgq cvwU©i cÖwZ †m †hgb wQj KwVbfv‡e AbyMZ, †Zgwb Zvi RbNwbô †jLvi cÖwZI wQj GKwbô| IB mgq Zvi ÔweeiÕ Mí wb‡q cvVK mgv‡R †Zvjcvo m„wó n‡qwQj| †m cÖvq kZvwaK MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv| GKw`b Avgvi eÜz Rv‡n` †nv‡m‡bi evwo c¨v‡bvigvq Zv‡K wb‡q wM‡qwQjvg| Rv‡n` Zv‡K `vgx myiv w`‡q Avc¨vqb K‡iwQj| Rv‡n` fvex wQ‡jb cigv my›ìx| Zv‡K †`‡L mg‡ik Zvi cv Quy‡q cÖYvg K‡i e‡jwQj, my›ìx igYx eªþv| Zvici †m Rxe‡b KZ my›ìxi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m‡Q Zvi eY©bv w`‡qwQj| †mw`b Rv‡n‡ì evwoi AvÇvUvI Lye Dc‡fvM¨ n‡qwQj| mg‡ik m¤ú‡K© ÒKjKvZvi KwZcq eÜz-evÜ‡ei ¯§„wZÓ Aa¨v‡q we ÍvwiZ wj‡LwQ| mvaviYZ gv-giv †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Av`‡i-Abv`‡i, Ae‡njvq, gvbwmK nxbgb¨Zvi †fZi w`‡q eo nq| Avkªq †`qvi bv‡g AvZ¥xq-¯Rbiv Zv‡ì B”Qvg‡Zv bvbv ai‡bi KvR Kwi‡q †bq| Avgvi Rxe‡bI †h GiKg wKQy

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NUbv N‡Uwb, Zv bq| d‡j Avgvi g‡a¨ welYœZv Ges GK ai‡bi wbivcËvnxbZv Rb¥ †bq| †eva Kwi GB Kvi‡Y Avwg wPiKvjB Awfgvbx i‡q †Mjvg| cÖPÊ ¶zavq cÖvY D‡o †M‡jI ej‡Z cviZvg bv Avgvi wL‡` †c‡q‡Q| gv‡qi g„Zz ‡Z †h Avgvi KZ Ac~iYxq ¶wZ n‡q‡Q Zv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQjvg IB w`b, †hw`b GK wbKU AvZ¥xq Zvi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì wb‡q dRwj Avg LvIqvi mgq Avgvi gy‡Li Ici ìRv eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mw`b †Mvc‡b GKv GKv A‡bK †Ku‡`wQjvg gv gv e‡j| Avgvi †gR gvgv I gvgxi Kv‡Q gvbyl n‡q Avgvi Rxe‡bi eû Afve wg‡U‡Q| I‡ì evwo‡Z Avwg GKRb AvMš‘K wQjvg bv| †mœ‡n fv‡jvevmvq Avwg n‡q D‡VwQjvg Zv‡ì †R¨ô mš—vb| Avgvi ivR‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvgvwRK DrKl© mva‡b Zviv Avgv‡K wb‡Ri mš—vb‡ì †P‡q †ewk cÖvavb¨ w`‡Zb| Zvi c‡iI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq Zv‡ì mvgvb¨ AvPi‡Y Avwg AvNvZ †cZvg| eoB Awfgvb n‡Zv| wKš‘ †mB Awfgv‡bi K_v KvD‡K †Kv‡bvw`b ejZvg bvÑ gvgv gv‡S gv‡S Zuvi †mœ‡ni †QvU‡ev‡bi K_v ¯§iY K‡i Avgv‡K ey‡K †U‡b wb‡q Avì Ki‡Zb| Avi ej‡Zb, g„Zz i mgq †Zvi gv Luy‡R Luy‡R Avgvi nvZUv †U‡b †Zv‡K Avgvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡qwQj| ZLb wZwb A‡Sv‡i Kuv`‡Zb| we‡qi ci Avgvi ¿x RIkb Aviv ingvb cÖvqB Avgv‡K ej‡Zv LvIqvi e¨vcv‡i Zzwg GZ mshgx †Kb| ejZvg, †QvU‡ejv †_‡K msh‡gi cvV wb‡q Avwg eo n‡qwQ| ZvB LvIqv-`vIqvi e¨vcviUv Avgvi Kv‡Q LyeB Zz”Q| †m LyeB †mœncivqY Ges mgvR weÁv‡bi K…Zx QvÎx nIqvi Kvi‡Y mvivRxeb Avgvi gvZ…-wcZ…nxb nIqvi AfveUv‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| Avgvi Awfgvbx nIqvi e¨vcviUv Aš—i w`‡q eyS‡Z GL‡bv †Póv K‡i| Avwg ivRbxwZ‡Z hy³ _vKvq †m Rxe‡b eû y‡h©v‡Mi gy‡LvgywL n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgv‡K †Kv‡bvw`b Zvi Rb¨ †`vlv‡ivc K‡iwb| eiÂ Avwg †hb Rxe‡b welYœZv Ges wbivcËvnxbZv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvwi, KwVb ev¯—‡ei gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cvwi, Zvi Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e civgk© w`‡q, mwVK wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q, fwel¨‡Zi Avkvev` w`‡q, †mœn Ges fv‡jvevmv w`‡q Avgv‡K myLx Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| †Mvc‡b Zvi Wv‡qwi c‡owQjvg, ILv‡b wj‡L‡QÑ gvZ…‡mœn ewÂZ, bvbvfv‡e Ae‡nwjZ Ges msMÖvgiZ AwZ mij Awfgvbx GB wkïwU‡K gvbyl KivB GLb †_‡K Avgvi eªZ n‡e| GUv c‡o †Pv‡L Rj G‡mwQj| cÖv_©bv K‡iwQjvg, mvivRxeb c„w_exi wkï‡ì Kj¨v‡Y †hb Zvi Rxeb wb‡ew`Z nq| we¯§‡qi e¨vcvi GB †h, †m BDwb‡m‡d cÖvq 18 eQi Kg©iZ †_‡K wkï‡ì Rb¨ A‡bK Kj¨vYKi Kg©m~wP ev —evqb K‡i‡Q| nq‡Zv weavZv †mw`b Avgvi cÖv_©bv gÄyi K‡iwQ‡jb| Rxe‡b hw` Zvi g‡Zv ¿x bv †cZvg, †jLv‡jwL Ges ivRbxwZi m‡½ MvUQov bv euvaZvg, Zvn‡j Avgvi RxebUv A_©nxb n‡q co‡Zv| Avgvi ¿x Avgvi Rxe‡bi bvbv Ae ’vi K_v Rv‡b, yt‡Li K_v Rv‡b, welv‡ì K_v Rv‡b| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvw`b KvD‡K eyS‡Z †`qwb †QvU‡ejvq Avwg KZ welYœZv Ges wecYœZvi g‡a¨ eo n‡qwQ| Avgvi nv‡ZLwo Avgv‡ì MÖv‡g cÖ‡Z¨KwU m¤£vš— cwiev‡i hLb †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì eqm Pvi DËxY© nq, ZLb Zv‡ì nv‡ZLwoi eë¯’v †bqv n‡Zv| GUv GKUv †iIqv‡R cwiYZ n‡qwQj| PÆMÖv‡g GUv‡K e‡j cobv (cbœv)| GKRb †gŠjfx †W‡K RvqbvgvR wewQ‡q GKwU cwi®‹vi evwj‡ki Ici ivLv nq Avgcvov| †gŠjfx mv‡ne Zv‡K wKQy †`vqv-ìƒ` cvV Kwi‡q Áv‡bi RM‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivb| eû eQi Av‡M Avgvi c~e© cyi“l hLb Avgv‡ì MÖv‡g emwZ ’vcb K‡ib, ZLb Zviv wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb bvbv Rv‡Zi, bvbv †ckvi †jvK| Zvig‡a¨ wQj Ñ bvwcZ, †avcv, †Mvg —v, ZuvwZ, Svo– vi, gywP Ges A‡bK µxZ`vm| GgbwK eªvþY ch©š—| Avgv‡ì es‡k †Kv‡bv mš—vb Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡j eªvþYiv Zv‡ì Kzwó ˆZwi Ki‡Zb Ges wKQy wKQy AvPvi-Abyôv‡b Zv‡ì WvKv n‡Zv| GB bvbv Rv‡Zi †jvK‡ì †`qv n‡Zv cyKzimsjMœ ev ‘wfUv Ges wKQy Pv‡li Rwg| hv‡Z Pvl K‡i Zviv RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z cv‡i| me‡P‡q †ewk Rwg †`qv n‡Zv gmwR‡ì bv‡g| hv‡Z gmwR` Ges cvwievwiK †Mvi ’v‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶Y nq| IB Rwgi dmj †fvM Ki‡Zb gmwR‡ì Bgvg I gyqvw¾b| gmwR`msjMœ wQj g³e| g³‡ei RbÏ Rwg eivÏ wQj| Avgvi evev †i½y‡b emevm Ki‡Zb| Zvi mvwbœ‡a¨ G‡mwQ LyeB Kg| mvwbœa¨ hZUzKz †c‡qwQ Ñ Zvi †Kv‡bv weKí Luy‡R cvB bv| hwÌ †gR gvgv Avgv‡K wcZ…‡mœ‡n eo K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi RxebKvj wQj gvÎ 44 eQi| †i½y‡b evev Ave yj evix †PŠayixi G‡÷U g¨v‡bRvi wQ‡jb| ILv‡b Ni-evwo me wQj| A‡bK Rwgi gvwjKI wQ‡jb wZwb| Mi“, QvMj, †Nvov, nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgvi Ges dz‡ji evMvb wb‡q wZwb Rxeb KvUv‡Zb| Zuvi yÕwU †Nvov wQj| evev Zv‡Z P‡o m¤úwË Z`viK Ki‡Zb| †QvU‡ejvq GKevi wZwb Avgv‡K †i½y‡b wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb

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Zvi Bqv j¤v †MvdIqvjv †fvRcyix `v‡ivqvb Avgv‡K †Kv‡j wb‡q †eov‡Zv| evev Avgv‡K evg©vq Zuvi Kv‡Q ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ bvbvi Rb¨ cv‡ibwb| Avwg †hb wb‡R‡K Kv‡iv AvwkªZ g‡b bv Kwi Ges Avgvi hv‡Z gb †QvU bv nq, Zvi Rb¨ evev cÖwZgv‡m ZLbKvi w`‡b Avgvi Rb¨ wÎk UvKv K‡i cvVv‡Zb| Avi Avgvi AcyÎK `yB †RVv cÖ‡Z¨‡K cuvP UvKv K‡i gv‡m `k UvKv cvVv‡Zb| evev eQ‡i K‡qK gv‡mi Rb¨ evwo‡Z Avm‡Zb| ZLb c„w_exUv Avgvi Kv‡Q ¯^M© n‡q DV‡Zv| 1941 mv‡j evev †i½y‡b ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib Ges ILv‡b Zuv‡K Kei †`qv nq| Gfv‡e ˆK‡kv‡i c`vc©‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ evevi †Kvgj ¯úk© †_‡K wPiZ‡i ewÂZ njvg| Avgvi evev we‡`k Mg‡bi c~‡e©B Avgv‡K cobv (nv‡ZLwo) †`qvi eë ’v K‡iwQ‡jb| GB eë ’vcbvi cÖavb cyi“l wQ‡jb Avgvi bvbv, Avgvi evevi ¸i“| we`¨vmvM‡ii AbyivMx Avgvi bvbv Avgvi nv‡ZLwo Dcj‡¶ Avgš¿Y K‡i G‡bwQ‡jb wewkó GKRb Av‡jg Ges GKRb eªvþY cwÊZ (Avgv‡ì AvwkªZ)| Abyôvb Dcj‡¶ MvwjPv m „k GKwU divm cvZv n‡jv| div‡m Avgv‡K cwðggyL K‡i ewm‡q Avgvi gy‡LvgywL e‡mwQ‡jb Avgvi bvbv, †gŠjfx mv‡ne Ges eªvþY cwÊZ| GKUv Kvi“Kvh©gq evwj‡ki Ici ivLv n‡qwQj GKwU Avgcvov, ivgmy›ì emv‡Ki evj¨wk¶v Avi GKwU wn› y‡ì agx©q MÖš’| cÖ_‡g †gŠjfx mv‡ne Avgv‡K cov‡jb, ivweŸ wh`wb BjgvbÑ A_©vr †n Avjøvn Avgv‡K Ávb `vb K‡iv| Zvici Avgvi bvbv cov‡jbÑ †n cÖfy Avgv‡K gvbyl K‡iv| Avi eªvþY gnvkq cov‡jbÑ Z‡gvmgv †RvwZM©gqÑ †n cÖfy Avgv‡K AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jv‡Z wb‡q hvI| GBiKg Awfbe nv‡ZLwo Avwg AvR ch©š— †Kv_vI †`wLwb| Avgvi bvbv wQ‡jb Amv¤cÖ vwqK, we`¨vmvMi-f³ GKRb wk¶K| ZuviB B”Qvq Avgv‡K Gfv‡e nv‡ZLwo †`qv nq| Gici Avgv‡K ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †`qv n‡jv| nq‡Zv GB Kvi‡Y Avgvi Rxe‡b †Kv‡bv cwiw ’wZ‡Z Avwg mv¤cÖ vwqK g‡bvfvevcbœ nBwb| mvivRxeb mv¤cÖ vwqKZv Ges ag©vÜZvi wei“‡× jovB K‡iwQ| Avgvi nv‡ZLwo Dcj‡¶ cÖvq kÕLv‡bK †jvK Avgwš¿Z n‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì mevB‡K wkbœx Ges evZvmv cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡qwQj| mevi Rb¨ Lvev‡ii eë ’vI Kiv n‡qwQj| hv‡K Avgiv †gRevb ewj| cobv (nv‡ZLwo) †k‡l Avgvi Rb¨ †h `xN© †gvbvRvZ Kiv n‡qwQj, Zvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Avgvi bvbv| †QvU‡ejvi wKQz NUbv †QvU‡ejvi †ekKÕwU NUbv Avgvi GL‡bv my úó g‡b Av‡Q| Avgvi GK †RVv‡Zv fvB‡qi ¿x wQ‡jb cigv my›ìx| Zv‡K Avwg my›ìx fvex e‡j WvKZvg| ^vaxb‡PZv wQ‡jb| †h †Kv‡bv Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Ki‡Zb| wZwb AvaywbK ÷vB‡j kvwo ci‡Zb| wc‡V Qov‡bv _vK‡Zv AvRvbyjw¤^Z †gNeiY Pzj| wZwb Mvb MvB‡Z Rvb‡Zb| VvKzigvi Szwji Mí e‡j Avgv‡ì AevK K‡i w`‡Zb| me eD‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q i“wPkxj, †mŠ›`h©‡evam¤úbœ wQ‡jb wZwb| †kªôZ¡B Zvi Kvj n‡qwQj| Avwg wPiKvjB my›`‡ii c~Rvwi wQjvg| cÖvq Zvi AuvPj a‡i _vKZvg| wZwb Acvi †mœ‡n Avgv‡K LyeB Avì Ki‡Zb| Avgiv KÕRb Qvov Avi †KD Zv‡K cQ›` Ki‡Zv bv| kvïwo wQ‡jb Zuvi me‡Pq eo kÎ“| Ab¨vb¨ eD‡qi †P‡q Zv‡K w`‡q †ewk KvR Kiv‡Zb| Avgv‡ì †cQ‡bi cyKz‡i wQj RjNvU, †hb †Kv‡bv ci-cyi“l †g‡q‡ì †`L‡Z bv cvq| GB fvex‡K Zvi kvïwo cÖvq Mfxi iv‡Z †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv ARynv‡Z RjNv‡U wKQy bv wKQy †avqvi Rb¨ cvVv‡Zb| Zvi kÎ“iv GKw`b iwU‡q w`‡jb Avgv‡ì GK ~i-m¤úKx©q fvB‡qi m‡½ GB fvexi †cÖg Av‡Q| Zviv Av‡iv iwU‡q w`‡jb †h, Zvi †QvU my›ìx PUc‡U Kb¨vwU Avgvi †RVv‡Zv fvB‡qi bq| IB †cÖwg‡Ki JimRvZ| A_P Kb¨vwUi m‡½ Avgvi †RVv‡Zv fvB‡qi †Pnvivi wQj AmvaviY wgj| wg_¨v Acev‡` wecbœ n‡q Zvi gvbwmK wech©q N‡U| mevB ej‡Z jvM‡jv j¤^v Pyj Qwo‡q iv‡Î cyKz‡i hvq e‡j Zvi Kuv‡a f~Z-†cÖ‡Zi AvQi (cÖfve) n‡q‡Q| Zvi Rb¨ ~ieZx© MÖvg †_‡K ISv †W‡K Avbv n‡jv| Zv‡K w`‡bi ci w`b f~Z Zvovevi bv‡g bvi‡K‡ji Svo– w`‡q wK-me ev‡R gš¿ c‡o ISviv †cUv‡Z jvM‡jv| Gfv‡e w`‡bi ci w`b G AZ¨vPvi mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i mwZ¨B wZwb Db¥v` n‡q †M‡jb| Avgvi IB †RVv‡Zv fvB †i½yb †_‡K wd‡i G‡m eD‡qi G Ae ’v †`‡L Lye Kuv`‡jb| wKš‘ eD‡K GZ fv‡jvevmv m‡Ë¡I gvÕi wei“‡× wKQy ejvi mvnm †c‡jb bv| Ae‡k‡l eD‡K ZvjvK w`‡q ev‡ci evwo cvwV‡q w`‡jb| we`v‡qi gyn~Z©wU wQj LyeB Ki“Y| Zv‡K wN‡i Avgvi fvBmn mevB KvbœvKvwU Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| wZwb cv_‡ii g~wZ©i g‡Zv, †hb wKQyB eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb bv, A‡bK¶Y uvwo‡q iB‡jb| wKQy¶Y c‡i cvj&wK‡Z D‡V em‡jb| †QvU †g‡qwUI Zvi m‡½ P‡j †Mj| Avgvi †RVvBgv ej‡jb, Avgv‡ì

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my›ì eD‡qi ìKvi †bB| Gevi Avgvi †Q‡ji Rb¨ GKUv Kv‡jv eD Avb‡ev| mwZ¨B ZvB wZwb K‡iwQ‡jb| †Q‡ji Rb¨ G‡bwQ‡jb KzrwmZ Kv‡jv eD| hv‡K †`L‡j my›ìx fvexi Rb¨ Avgvi Kvbœv †cZ| Avgvi IB fvB Zv‡K GZ fv‡jvevm‡Zb †h, gv‡S gv‡S †Mvc‡b Avgv‡K wb‡q fvex‡K Zvi ev‡ci evwo‡Z †`L‡Z †h‡Zb| fvex Zvi mvg‡b Avm‡Zb bv| c`©vi Avov‡j †_‡K K_vevZ©v ej‡Zb| ej‡Zb, Avgvi Rb¨ wPš—v K‡iv bv| Zzwg my‡L †_‡Kv| Zzwg my‡L _vK‡j AvwgI my‡L _vK‡ev| fvB Kb¨vwU‡K Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z wb‡q Avm‡Z PvB‡jb, fvex w`‡jb bv| ej‡jb, IB Acwi”Qbœ cwi‡e‡k eo n‡j †m Rxe‡b myLx n‡Z cvi‡e bv| †`vnvB I‡K wb‡q hvIqvi †Póv K‡iv bv| Avgv‡ì evwoi cÖvß eq¯‹ PvPv-†RVv, PvPv‡Zv-†RVv‡Zv fvB cÖvq mK‡j †i½y‡b Ave yj evix †PŠayixi eëmvq PvKwiiZ wQ‡jb| Avgvi evevi GK †RVv‡Zv fvB ïay †`‡ki evwo‡Z _vK‡Zb| A›ì gn‡j †g‡qiv GKUz D”P ^‡i K_vevZ©v ej‡j wZwb †Rv‡i †Rv‡i Mjv LvKvwb w`‡Zb, gy‡L wKQz ej‡Zb bv| mevB Zv‡K GZB fq Ki‡Zv †h A›ìgn‡ji †g‡qiv gyû‡Z©i gv‡S Pzc n‡q †hZ| Zuvi AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi GK †Q‡j GZB yó wQj †h †jLvcov bv K‡i `~i-`yivš—‡i hvÎv, †gjv Ges AvZ¥xq- ^R‡bi evwo‡Z P‡j †hZ| wd‡i G‡j wZwb Zv‡K Mv‡Qi m‡½ iwk w`‡q †eu‡a wbg©gfv‡e cÖnvi Ki‡Zb| gv‡S gv‡S MvQ †_‡K jvj wcucovi evmv †c‡o G‡b Zvi kix‡ii Ici wQwU‡q w`‡Zb| IB †Q‡jwU cieZx©Kv‡j 30 eQi eq‡m cvMj n‡q gviv hvq| Avwg IB AZ¨vPvix †RVv‡K eÇ fq KiZvg| wKš‘ Avð‡h©i e¨vcvi GB †h wZwb †Kv‡bvw`b Avgv‡K cÖnvi Kiv‡Zv ~‡i _vK, †Kv‡bv Kov K_vI e‡jbwb| †Q‡j‡ejvq †gvjøv‡ì gy‡L Avjøvni fq¼i kvw —i K_v ï‡b ï‡b Avgvi Kíbvq evi evi †f‡m DV‡Zv GB †RVvi gyL| MÖv‡g †gvjøv Ges Z_vKw_Z †gŠjfx‡ì KvQ †_‡K †`vR‡Li eY©bv ï‡b Ges Avjøvni gg©vwš—K kvw — m¤ú‡K© bvbv ai‡bi Mí Kvwnbx ï‡b Avgvi g‡b Avjøvn m¤ú‡K© IB ai‡bi GKUv fvebvi Rb¥ †bq| Avjøvni A‡kl Ki“Yv, gvR©bv Ges Zuvi gwngvi K_v bv e‡j Zviv ïay kvw —i K_vB ej‡Zv| G‡Z Avgvi wkïg‡b `viæY cÖwZwµqvi m„wó n‡Zv| Avgvi IB †RVv hLwb Zvi †Q‡j‡K wbg©gfv‡e gvi‡avi Ki‡Zb Zv †`‡L Avjøvni cÖwZ Avgvi fxwZ †e‡o †hZ| GB fxwZ‡K fw³‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z Avwg `xN©Kvj g‡bi m‡½ msMÖvg K‡iwQ Ges mdj n‡qwQ| †QvU‡ejvi Av‡iKwU NUbv Avgv‡K Kzms¯‹vigy³ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| Avgv‡ì ¯‹z‡ji wKQy ~‡i GKwU cÖvPxb wnRj MvQ wQj| cÖev` wQj Ñ IB wnRj Mv‡Qi gvwUi wb‡P mvZ †WK (eo cvÎ) ¸ßab Av‡Q| GKwU ˆ`Z¨ Ges GKwU †MvLov mvc IB ¸ßab cvnviv w`Z| d‡j GB Mv‡Qi Avkcv‡ki †KD f‡q †hZ bv| †QvU †Q‡jiv-‡Zv bqB| ejv n‡q _v‡K, GB Mv‡Qi Wvj fvO‡j R¡i n‡q mvZw`‡bi w`b †m gviv hv‡e| †mRb¨ †KD Gi Wvj fvO‡Zv bv| Zvi Avkcv‡ki Rwg Abvevw` _vK‡Zv| †KD f‡q Pvl Ki‡Zv bv| Avgv‡ì MÖv‡g GKRb ejx (cv‡jvqvb) wQj| bvg Kgi Avjx| ï‡bwQ, k³ gvwU Nywl †g‡i wZwb GKdzU MZ© Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| GK KwP euv‡ki m‡½ Av‡iK KwP euv‡ki †M‡ov w`‡Z cvi‡Zb| PÆMÖvg AÂ‡j gjøhy× K‡i †KD Zv‡K civwRZ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| Kw_Z Av‡Q, wZwb IB wnRj Mv‡Qi wb‡Pi ¸ßab D×vi Ki‡Z wM‡q cvnviv`vi ˆ`‡Zï m‡½ jovB K‡iwQ‡jb| ˆ`Z¨ civf~Z n‡jv e‡U| wKš‘ mv‡ci Kvg‡o wZwb g„Zz eiY Ki‡jb| GB Mí eûj cÖPwjZ| †QvU‡ejvq †Mvjvg evwoi GKRb mvnmx hye‡Ki m‡½ Avgvi eÜzZ¡ n‡qwQj| Zvi bvg gdRj| eq‡m Avgvi †P‡q cÖvq mvZ-AvU eQ‡ii eo| bvbv Kvi‡Y Avwg †QvU‡ejvq Zvi f³ n‡q D‡VwQjvg| †hLv‡b bvbvi evwoi wÎmxgvbvi evB‡i Avgvi hvIqv eviY wQj, kvw —‡hvM¨ wQj| Zv Agvb¨ K‡i Avwg gv‡S gv‡S Zvi m‡½ hvÎvMvb †kvbvi Rb¨ ~i MÖv‡g P‡j †hZvg| †bŠKv evBP I dzUej †Ljv †`L‡Z †hZvg| hvhvei †e‡`‡ì m‡½ MÖvg MÖvgvš—‡i P‡j †hZvg| gdRj ycy‡i euvwk evwR‡q Avgv‡K WvK‡Zv| KuvPv Avg Qywi w`‡q †K‡U Avì K‡i LvIqv‡Zv| cieZx©‡Z †m GKRb KvVwgw¯¿ n‡qwQj| †m Avgv‡K cÖvqB ej‡Zv IB wnRj Mv‡Qi wb‡P †Kv‡bv ˆ`ZÏ †bB, mvcI †bB| †m eû iv‡Z wM‡q wnRj Mv‡Qi Wvj †f‡O‡Q, gvwU Luy‡o †WK&wPi mÜvb K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi R¡iI nqwb| †mB mvc Ges ˆ`Z¨ Zv‡K ZvovI K‡iwb| GKw`b †m ejj, AvR iv‡Z †Zvgv‡K wnRj Mv‡Qi Zjvq wb‡q hv‡ev| Wvj KvU‡ev, gvwU Luyo‡ev, †`L‡ev ¸ßab cvB wK-bv| Avwg g‡b g‡b fq †c‡q †Mjvg| wKš‘ mwZ¨ mwZ¨ †m GKw`b iv‡Z Avgv‡K wnRjZjvq wb‡q †Mj| †m Dc‡i D‡V A‡bK¸‡jv Wvj †K‡U †dj‡jv| Dci †_‡K wb‡P †b‡g Gj| †Rv‡i †Rv‡i ej‡Z ïi“ Kij ˆ`Z¨ I mvc hw` mvnm _v‡K Avgvi mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z G‡mv| †KD-B Gj bv| Gfv‡e †m Avgvi `xN©w`‡bi jvwjZ

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fqfxwZ ~i K‡i w`j| †m Avgv‡K ejj, f~Z-†cÖZ, wRb-cix, ˆ`Z¨ e‡j wKQy †bB| Gme gvbyl‡K fq jvMvevi Rb¨ gvby‡liB m„wó KíKvwnbx| Avgvi evevi Kv‡Q ï‡bwQ, ga¨ fviZ †_‡K GK mgq eªvþYiv †eŠ×‡ì Zvwo‡q PÆMÖvg ch©š— wb‡q G‡mwQj| PÆMÖv‡gi eû ’v‡b Zviv emwZ ’vcb K‡i Ges ag© cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| cieZx©‡Z eªþYiv Zv‡ì Avevi AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i GB Avfvm †c‡q Zviv cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j Ges evg©vq P‡j hvq| P‡j hvIqvi mgq Zv‡ì ab-iZœ, †mvbv`vbv eo eo †WK&wP‡Z f‡i gvwU Luy‡o cÖvPxb Mv‡Qi Zjvq jywK‡q ivL‡Zv Ges †Kvb& GjvKvq, †Kv_vq GB e„¶ Zvi GKwU g¨vcI ˆZwi K‡i wb‡q †hZ| †hb cieZx©‡Z G‡m IB Mv‡Qi Zjv †_‡K Zviv ab-iZœ D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡YB A‡b‡Ki aviYv R‡b¥wQj wnRj Mv‡Qi ZjvqI GB iKg ¸ßab Av‡Q| ˆ`Z¨ Ges mv‡ci Kí-Kvwnbx †eŠ×ivB Qwo‡qwQj †hb e„‡¶i wb‡P Zv‡ì jyKvwqZ ab †KD Pzwi Ki‡Z mvnm bv K‡i| wRb, cix Ges f~‡Zi Av‡iv wKQy NUbv Avgv‡ì KvPvwi N‡ii mvg‡b GKwU cyi‡bv wmu y‡i Av‡gi e„¶ wQj| GB Av‡gi evB‡i ivgaby AuvKv †mŠ›`h© †hgb AvKl©Yxq wQj, †Zgwb †fZiUvI wQj Lye my ^v y| †QvU‡ejvq Avgiv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jKfv‡e Avg Kzov‡Z †hZvg| cyKzi cv‡o Avg Mv‡Qi msL¨v wQj †ewk| Avgiv me mgq mRvM _vKZvg wmu y‡i Avg MvQ †_‡K Avg KLb gvwU‡Z Uzc& K‡i co‡Q| covi kã ï‡bB †`Š‡o †hZvg AvgwU Kzwo‡q Avbvi Rb¨| GB MvQwU Avgv‡K †QvU‡ejvq Lye AvKl©Y Ki‡Zv| Avwg Mv‡Q D‡V Wvj-cvjv †_‡K G Mv‡Qi Avg cvo‡Z †ek cvi`kx© wQjvg| GUv wQj Av‡gi †gŠmy‡g Avgv‡ì GK ai‡bi we‡bv`b| ZLbKvi w`‡bi K_v ejwQ, hLb Avgv‡K ycy‡i †RVvBgvi cv‡k Nygv‡Z n‡Zv| hv‡Z ycy‡ii †iv‡` Avwg Amy ’ n‡q bv cwo| Avwg cÖvq-B †RVvBgv‡K duvwK w`‡q Ab¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì m‡½ †Lj‡Z Ges Avg Kzov‡Z P‡j †hZvg| Avgvi †RVv‡Zv †ev‡biv KuvPv Avg †K‡U †Zj, byb, wPwb Avi KuvPvgwiP w`‡q fZ©v evbv‡Zv| G fZ©v †L‡Z Avgvi Lye fv‡jv jvM‡Zv| GKw`b Ggb n‡jv, Avgvi GK †RVv‡Zv †evb ycy‡i wmu y‡i Avg Kzov‡Z wM‡q D‡Vv‡b msÁvnxb n‡q c‡o| Zv‡K N‡i G‡b †Pv‡L-gy‡L cvwb wQwU‡q my ’ Kivi mKj †Póv e¨_© n‡q †Mj| Svi-dz‡KI †Kv‡bv KvR n‡jv bv| Zvi ûuk wdij bv| Ae‡k‡l gvivB †Mj| GB NUbvi Av‡MI bvwK GB AvgZjvq G ai‡bi gg©vwš—K NUbv N‡U‡Q| mevB Gi KviY we‡kølY Ki‡Z wM‡q wm×v‡š— G‡jv †h GB Mv‡Q wRb wKsev f~Z Av‡Q| AZGe, MvQwU‡K †K‡U †djv ìKvi| †mBfv‡e KvR m¤úbœ n‡jv Avgvi evevi cÖwZev` m‡Ë¡I| evev wRb-cix‡Z wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| GUzKz g‡b Av‡Q, Avwg D‡Vv‡b MovMwo w`‡q GB MvQ bv-KvUvi Rb¨ fxlYfv‡e †Ku‡`wQjvg| G iKg eû Kzms¯‹v‡i Av”Qbœ wQj ZLbKvi MÖvg¨ mgvR| wkw¶Z †jv‡KivI f~Z-†cÖZ-wRb BZ¨vw`‡Z wek¦vmx wQj| †QvU‡ejvq wRb nvwRi Kivi gg©vwš—K „kÏ †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q| Kv‡iv UvKv-cqmv wKsev AjsKvivw` Pzwi †M‡j cÖ_‡gB m‡›`n Kiv n‡Zv Kv‡Ri †jvK‡ì| KviY Zviv me‡P‡q ye©j| Zvici wRb nvwRi Kiv n‡Zv †Pvi‡K kbv³ Kivi Rb¨| Gfv‡e A‡bK wbicivax †jvK KwVb kvw — †cZ, we‡kl K‡i Kv‡Ri †jv‡Kiv| GL‡bv †m Auvavi ~ixf~Z nqwb| GL‡bv MÖvg kvmb K‡i UvDU, †gvjøv Ges `vjvjiv| GL‡bv MÖv‡g wPwKrmv K‡i ISv, nvZz‡o Wv³vi Ges †gvjøv-†gŠjfxiv| AvaywbK hy‡Mi wPwKrmv eë ’vi Av‡jv †ewkifvM MÖv‡g cÖmvwiZ nqwb| bv‡ggvÎ wKQymsL¨K miKvwi Wv³viLvbv wewfbœ MÖv‡g Av‡Q e‡U| wKš‘ Wv³v‡iiv †ewkifvM kn‡i Ae ’vb K‡ib| wWm‡cbmvwi‡Z †Kv‡bv IlyacÎ _v‡K bv| †Kv‡bv cªm~wZ‡K mš—vb cÖm‡ei Rb¨ Wv³viLvbvq wb‡q †M‡j †`Lv hvq, Zv‡K wmRvwiqvb Kivi Avek¨Kxq hš¿cvwZ Wv³viLvbvq †bB, Ilya-‡Zv ~‡ii K_v| Gfv‡e A‡bK bvix I wkï †mcwUK Ges abyósKv‡i gviv hvq| miKvi‡K G e¨vcv‡i Av‡iv mRvM

nIqv ìKvi| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î kvw —g~jK eë ’v wb‡jI †`Lv hvq, Wv³vi‡ì wkKo A‡bK Mfx‡i, Zviv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv ¶gZvmxb ivR‰bwZK †bZvi Avkª‡q Ae¯’vb †bb| Avgvi †QvU‡ejvi †Ljvi mv_x Avgv‡ì evwoi c~e© w`‡K AvavgvBj ~‡i gvae gnvR‡bi GKwU kvb euvav‡bv eo cyKzi wQj| Nv‡Ui cv‡k wQj GKwU eo eUe„¶| Avgv‡ì †nWgv÷vi ¸i“`vk evey P‡j hvIqvi ci †_‡K †jLvcovq Avgvi gb emj bv| Avwg cÖvqB ¯‹zj cvwj‡q gvae gnvR‡bi cyKz‡i kvb euvav‡bv Nv‡U P‡j †hZvg| IB Nv‡UB cy‡®úi m‡½ Avgvi cwiPq Ges eÜzZ¡| ZLb Avgvi eqm mvZ wK AvU| cy‡®úiI ZvB n‡e| cy®ú‡ì evwo wQj IB cyKzimsjMœ gvwUi `vjvb|

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Mwniv nvB¯‹zj cÖwZôv Ges Avgvi bvbv I gvgv‡ì K_v

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evwoi KvPvwi N‡i wk¶K‡Kw› ªK cvVkvjv ’vcb K‡ib Ges wb‡R wk¶KZv ïi“ K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb IB AÂ‡ji cÖev`cÖwZg wk¶K| Gi ^xK…wZ îƒc wZwb miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K ^Y©c`K jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb evsjvq we`¨vmvM‡ii eY© cwiPq cÖ_g I wØZxq fvM cov‡Zb| c‡i wZwb ivgmy›ì emv‡Ki evj¨wk¶vI cov‡Zb| G wb‡q GKwU †QvU Mí Av‡Q| we`¨vmvMi wQ‡jb AZ¨š— c‡ivcKvix gnrcÖvY e¨w³| †mRb¨ Zv‡K ejv n‡Zv `qvi mvMi| GKw`b GK Kb¨v`vqMÖ — eªvþY G‡m Zuvi Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ PvB‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, Avgvi Kv‡Q GLb †Zgb UvKv-cqmv †bB| Avwg GKUv evsjv eB wj‡LwQ evj¨wk¶v| GUv Qvwc‡q †ei Ki“b, cÖPzi wewµ n‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm| Gfv‡e Zuvi †jLv evj¨wk¶v ivgmy›ì emvK‡K `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| GB eB wewµ K‡i ivgmy›ì emvK cÖPzi we‡Ëi gvwjK n‡qwQ‡jb| bvbv we`¨vmvM‡ii eÜz c¨vwiPiY miKv‡ii Bs‡iwR eBÑ dv÷© eyKI cvV¨µ‡g †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb GKvB Bs‡iwR, evsjv Ges AsK †kLv‡Zb| Aviwe, dviwm Ges ms¯‹…Z fvlvqI Zuvi `¶Zv wQj| d‡j bvbv GKRb cwic~Y© wk¶K n‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| †QvU‡ejvq †`‡LwQ wZwb QvÎ‡ì Rb¨ euv‡ki djv w`‡q Kjg ˆZwi K‡i ivL‡Zb| ZLb Kvwji †Kv‡bv U¨ve‡jU wQj bv| wZwb mx‡gi cvZvq KvRj †g‡L GK ai‡bi Kvwj ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| GB Kvwj I Kjg mn‡hv‡M cÖ_‡g KjvcvZvq Ges c‡i KvM‡R n —wjwc †kLv‡bv n‡Zv| Avgvi eqm hLb Pvi, ZLb Zuvi eqm cÖvq cuPvËi| Avwg Zuvi Kv‡Q euv‡ki Kj‡g n —wjwc wk‡LwQ| wKš‘ Zuvi GB cÖ‡Póv MÖv‡gi i¶Ykxj mgv‡Ri evavi m¤§yLxb nq| g³e-gv ªvmvi †gŠjfxiv Ges AwfRvZ †kªYxi †jv‡Kiv Zuvi GB Kv‡h© ev` mva‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| kÎ“ZvekZ Iiv cÖvq mvZevi Avgvi bvbvi GB ¯‹zjNiwU cywo‡q †`q| Zuvi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM Av‡b wZwb MÖv‡gi †QvU †jvK‡ì wkw¶Z Kivi ga¨w`‡q Rwg`vi‡ì wei“‡× cÖRv‡ì Aeva¨ K‡i Zzj‡Qb| wZwb agx©q cxi cÖ_vi we‡ivax wQ‡jb| cxi‡K †mR`v Kivi wei“‡× wZwb e³„Zv w`‡q †eov‡Zb| †mRb¨ cxi †kªYxi †jv‡KivI Zuvi wei“‡× w¶ß wQj| Gfv‡e mgv‡R bvbv ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb AmsL¨ kÎ“| wKš‘ wZwb Rxe‡b †Kv‡bvw`b mvnm nvivbwb| mvaviY gvbyl memgq Zuv‡K mg_©b †hvMv‡Zv| Zuvi wZb †Q‡j, yB †g‡q| †R¨ô †g‡q‡K (Avw¤^qv LvZzb) we‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb myjZvbcyi Rvb-G-Avjx †PŠayixi evwo‡Z| Zuvi ^vgx wQ‡jb †i½y‡b GKRb †cv÷ gv÷vi| Avgvi gv (iIkb Aviv †eMg) Kwbô †g‡q| gvÎ †Zi eQi eq‡m bvbvi QvÎ, Avgvi evev Avng yi ingv‡bi m‡½ Zvi we‡q nq| Z…Zxq †Q‡j jyr‡d Avng` †PŠayix wQ‡jb GKvš—B †QvU| eo †Q‡j Avng` Kexi †PŠayix Ges †gR †Q‡j Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix‡K wZwb ivDRvb D”P Bs‡iwR we`¨vj‡q co‡Z cvwV‡q †`b| bvbvi wk¶KZvi L¨vwZ GZ e¨vcK wQj †h, †jv‡K Avgvi bvbvi evwo‡K KvRx evwo bv e‡j, Ave`yj jwZd gv÷v‡ii evwo ej‡Zv| wZwb me© v cvqRvgv I dZzqv c‡i _vK‡Zb| †Kv_vI hvIqvi mgq mv`v AvmKvb cvqRvgv I Uzwc c‡i †ei“‡Zb| PÆMÖv‡gi eû K…Zx Ges weËevb mš—vb Avgvi bvbvi QvÎ wQ‡jb| Zuvi cvVkvjvq covi Rb¨ ~i- ~ivš— †_‡K QvÎiv Avm‡Zv| weL¨vZ nvwZ †Kv¤úvwb e‡j cwiwPZ Ave yj Mwb †PŠayix, Zvi †QvU fvB Ave yj Lv‡jK †PŠayix Ges KvÆwji bwRi Avng` †PŠayix Zuvi AbyMZ QvÎ wQ‡jb| Avgvi gvgviv Zv‡ì evevi KvQ †_‡K †c‡qwQ‡jb wk¶vbyivM Ges Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× cÖwZev` Kivi †cÖiYv| Zuviv cÖwZÁv K‡iwQ‡jb GB AÂ‡j Av‡jv Qov‡bvi Rb¨ GLv‡b GKwU D”P Bs‡iwR we`¨vjq ’vcb Ki‡eb| GB wPš—v wb‡q Zviv `yB fvB Mwnivi ZiæY‡ì wb‡q Bqvsg¨vb †mvmvBwU MVb K‡ib| Zv‡ì KvR wQj Ñ iv —vNvU euvav, †Pvi-WvKvZ `gb, †QvU‡ì we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ Drmvn `vb, gnvRb‡ì Lài †_‡K `wi ª gvbyl‡ì i¶v Kiv, ywf©¶ I gnvgvwi‡Z y ’‡ì †mev Kiv| Zuviv GKwU MÖš’mg„× jvB‡eªwiI ’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Avgvi yB gvgv ivDRvb ¯‹z‡j co‡Zb| †gR gvgv †jLvcovq LyeB g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jb| cÖvq me K¬v‡mB cÖ_g n‡q e„wË †c‡Zb| g¨vwUª‡K D”P ’vb `Lj K‡i wWwfkbvj ¯‹jvi n‡qwQ‡jb| eo gvgv wQ‡jb ivRbxwZgb¯‹| wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì m¤úwK©Z wZb yjvfvB Aveyj Kv‡mg (mveRR), mvivRxeb LÏi cwiwnZ †gvnv¤§`cy‡ii Ks‡MÖmKgx© b~i“j Avdmvi †PŠayix Ges b~i“j û`v †PŠayix wQ‡jb Zuvi mnKgx©| ivDRvb ¯‹zj D”P Bs‡iwR we`¨vj‡q cwiYZ nq 1898 mv‡j Wveyqvi weL¨vZ ai cwiev‡ii A_©vbyK~‡j¨| c‡i Ave yj evix †PŠayix GB ¯‹z‡j wKQy A_© `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| d‡j GB ¯‹z‡ji bvg nq Avi.Avi.G.wm A_©vr ivgMwZ ivgab Ave yj evix †PŠayix Bbw÷wUDU| GB ¯‹z‡j wn›`y‡ì A_©vbyK~j¨ Ges cÖvavb¨ _vKvq cÖwZeQi gnv Avo¤^‡ii m‡½ mi ^Zx c~Rv AbywôZ n‡Zv| GK ch©v‡q cÖ‡ekØv‡i ^w —Kv I mi ^Zxi g~wZ© cÖwZwôZ nq| Avgvi eo gvgv Zvi Ab¨ QvÎ-eÜz‡ì m‡½ wb‡q Gi wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡ib| G g~wZ© mwi‡q †bqvi `vwe

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cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡j Avgvi gvgv Avng` Kexi †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡ ILv‡b Mi“ RevB K‡i dv‡Znv-B-†`vqvR`vng cvjb Kiv nq Ges †MU †_‡K mi ^Zx g~wZ© mwi‡q wb‡Z KZ©„c¶‡K eva¨ Kiv nq| Gi d‡j Avgvi eo gvgv ¯‹zj †_‡K ewn®‹„Z nb| wZwb Mwnivq Zi“Y‡ì wb‡q YMS (Bqvsg¨vb †mvmvBwU) MVb K‡i MÖvg †mevq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| cÖ_‡g gywówf¶v Ges Puv`v †Zvjvi gva¨‡g GKwU D”P Bs‡iwR we`¨vjq MV‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| Mwniv MÖv‡gi RbmsL¨vi cÖvq AvwkfvMB `wi ª gymjgvb| evwKUv wn› y Ges †eŠ× m¤cÖ vqfy³| wKQy †`wk wLª÷vbI Av‡Q| wk¶vq-`x¶vq wQj AZ¨š— cðvrc`, †Nvi AÜKviv”Qbœ| Avgvi yB gvgv Ges Zi“Y‡ì Drmvn-DÏxcbvi ga¨w`‡q Mwnivq 1930 mv‡j AJYMS (Ave yj ReŸvi Bqvsg¨vb †mvmvBwU Bbw÷wUDU) cÖwZwôZ nq| Ave yj ReŸvi wQ‡jb GKRb gvRyi (c½y) e¨w³| evg©vq Zvi av‡bi eëmv wQj| wZwb yB wKw —‡Z ¯‹zj ’vc‡bi Rb¨ cuvP nvRvi UvKv `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Rwg `vb K‡iwQ‡jb Mwnivi wek¦vm cwievi| ZvivI a‡b-gv‡b ZLb weL¨vZ wQ‡jb| PÆMÖvg kn‡i jvj`xwNi cwðg-`w¶Y w`‡K beMÖn evwo wQj Zv‡ì kn‡ii wVKvbv| IB eQiB Avgvi gvZ…we‡qvM N‡U| Avgvi g‡b Av‡Q, gv‡qi ke-wgwQ‡j ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K-QvÎiv †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| gvgv‡ì cÖ‡Póvq ¯‹zjwU n‡q I‡V Mwnivi mg — mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK wµqvKjv‡ci †K› ªwe› y| Ô y‡ói `gb, wk‡ói cvjbÕ Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg eªZ wQj| wPwýZ †Pvi-WvKvZ‡ì Rbmgv‡e‡k G‡b cÖwZÁv Kiv‡bv n‡Zv †hb Zviv Avi †Kv‡bvw`b Pzwi-WvKvwZ bv K‡i| gnvRbiv †hb Mwie Pvwl‡ì KvQ †_‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e my wb‡q Zv‡ì NwU-evwU, ab-m¤úwË `Lj Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mB j‡¶¨ eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ bvBU ¯‹zj cÖwZôv K‡i Zv‡ì wk¶v †`qv n‡Zv, †hb Zviv wVKg‡Zv Kejv c‡o wUcmB w`‡Z cv‡i| gnvRbiv †hb Zv‡ì VKv‡Z bv cv‡i| gnvR‡bi Ges FYMÖnxZvi m‡½ †h Kejv n‡Zv Zv ¯‹zj †K‡› ª G‡b cix¶v K‡i †`Lv n‡Zv| gvgjv-†gvKÏgv hv‡Z †Kv‡U© bv hvq, Zvi Rb¨ Zviv mvwjwk eë ’v cÖeZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb| e‡bw` cwiev‡ii †jv‡Kiv hv‡Z Zv‡ì Aaxb †Mvjvg Ges ivqZ‡ì Ici AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ Bqvsg¨vb †mvmvBwUi Kgx©iv me mgq mRvM _vK‡Zb| ZLb Mwnivq me‡P‡q abx e¨w³ wQ‡jb Ave yj Mwb †PŠayix (nvwZ †Kv¤úvwb) Ges Zvi fvB Ave`yj Lv‡jK †PŠayix| PÆMÖvg kn‡i Zv‡ì eëmvcvwZ QvovI Zviv A‡bK welq-m¤úwËi gvwjK wQ‡jb| Zviv yÕRbB wQ‡jb Avgvi bvbvi cvVkvjvi QvÎ| Ave yj Lv‡jK †PŠayix, eo fvB‡qi Zzjbvq A‡c¶vK…Z Kg we‡Ëi AwaKvix n‡jI kn‡i Ges MÖv‡g Zvi Lye cÖfve-cÖwZcwË wQj| Giv gvgv‡ì GB Kvh©Kjv‡ci c„ô‡cvlKZv Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZv bv _vK‡j MÖv‡gi we‡ivax c‡¶i †jv‡Kiv c‡` c‡` evav w`‡q Zv‡ì KvR‡K cÊ K‡i w`Z| †Ljvayjvq †Q‡j‡ì DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ gvgviv Zv‡ì wcZvi bv‡g Av‡bvqvi Kvc cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Pvjy K‡ib| wewfbœ AÂ‡ji cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK wUg GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Zv| gv‡S gv‡S †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv `‡ji g‡a¨ Rq-civRq wb‡q gvivgvwiI n‡Zv| gvgviv MÖv‡g Ryqv †Ljv, Mi“i jovB Ges †LgUv bvP eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb ejx‡LjvÑ hv‡Z MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv Avb›` cvq| wmivR-D`-†`Šjv, kvnRvnvb Ges AvgvbDjøvn G mgq AwfbxZ n‡Z Avwg †`‡LwQ| IB eq‡m wbg©‡j› y jvwnoxi K‡É wmivR-D`-†`Šjv bvU‡Ki Awe¯§iYxq msjvc Avgvi gb‡K †`k‡cÖ‡g D¾xweZ Ki‡Zv| Zviv cÖwZeQi hvÎvMv‡bi cÖPjb K‡ib| e‡jwQ, Mwniv ¯‹zj mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK †K› ªwe› y n‡q D‡VwQj| G mgq †Wvg I bvwcZ‡ì g‡a¨ fxlY GK gvivgvwii m~ÎcvZ nq| Zv‡Z †Wv‡giv bvwcZ‡ì we‡q‡Z evRbv evRv‡e bv Ges bvwcZiv †Wvg‡ì Pzj KvU‡e bvÑ G ai‡bi GKwU cÖwZÁv MÖnY K‡i| GB g‡g© ¯‹z‡j GKwU mvwj‡ki eë ’v Kiv nq| Dfq m¤cÖ vq‡K eySv‡bv nq †h, G ai‡bi SMov-weev` GK mgq AvZ¥NvZx iƒc wb‡Z cv‡i| †Wv‡giv Avcm Kivi c‡¶ ivq w`‡jI bvwcZiv †Wv‡gi Pzj KvU‡Z wKQy‡ZB ivwR nw”Qj bv| G‡Z MÖv‡gi GKRb abx e¨w³ kkx gnvRb D‡ËwRZ n‡q †eduvm e‡j †dj‡jb, †Zviv gymjgv‡bi Pzj KvU‡Z cvwim, †Wv‡gi Pzj KvU‡Z cviwe bv †Kb| gymjgvb‡ì †Wv‡gi m‡½ Zzjbv Kivq mfvq Dcw ’Z gymjgvbiv GZ D‡ËwRZ n‡q I‡V †h, Zviv kkxevey‡K gvi‡Z D`¨Z nq| Avgvi eo gvgv Ae ’v Avq‡Ë Avbvi Rb¨ kkxevey‡K ¶gv cÖv_©bvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| kkxevey G‡Z ytL cÖKvk K‡i ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡ib| Gfv‡e bvwcZivI †Wv‡gi Pzj KvU‡Z m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡i| †QvU‡ejvi Av‡iKwU ytLRbK NUbvi K_v g‡b co‡Q| eK&‡m Avjx †PŠayixi evwoi Ave yj ReŸvi †PŠayix wQ‡jb cywj‡ki Kg©KZ©v, `v‡ivMv bv‡g L¨vZ| wZwb m¤ú‡K© Avgvi eo gvgvi gvgvk¦ïi| bvbKi‡ì g‡Zv Zv‡ìI †Mvjvg †Mvôx wQj| Zv‡ì GKRb Avgv‡ì evwoi b~i“j nK †PŠayixi GK µxZ`v‡mi †g‡q‡K we‡q K‡iwQj| `v‡ivMv mv‡ne †`‡k G‡j IB †g‡q Zvi †mev-ïkÖƒlvq iZ _vK‡Zv| GKw`b `v‡ivMv mv‡ne QywU‡Z

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GKw`b GKwU AevwÃZ cwiw ’wZi m„wó n‡jv| Av‡MB e‡jwQ, GLv‡b mKj †kªYxi Qv‡Îi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wQj| Kv‡RB gvgv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYvq †Mvjvgcvovi †Q‡jivI GB ¯‹z‡j fwZ© n‡qwQj| `v‡ivMv L¨vZ Ave yj ReŸvi †PŠayix GK RvqMv †_‡K Av‡iK RvqMvq e`wj nIqvq Zvi cÖ_g I wØZxq †Q‡j yÕwU‡KI GB ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †`b| Zviv cwi®‹vi Rvgv-Kvco I RyZv c‡i ¯‹z‡j Avm‡Zv| GKw`b Zv‡ì cv‡k emj Acwi”Qbœ Kvco-†Pvco civ `yÕRb †Mvjvgcvovi †Q‡j| G‡Z Zviv `yB fvB w¶ß n‡q G yÕRb †Q‡j‡K Nywl †g‡i gvwU‡Z †d‡j †`q| ¸i“`vm evey Lei ï‡b LyeB ytwLZ n‡jb Ges yB fvB‡K fqvbK iKg kvw — w`‡jb| Zviv ¯‹zj †_‡K †ei n‡q wM‡q Zv‡ì wcZvgn‡K G Lei w`‡ZB wZwb GK`j D”Q„•Lj †jvK wb‡q ¯‹z‡j AvµgY K‡i Ges cv_i †g‡i †nWgv÷v‡ii gv_v dvwU‡q †`q| G wb‡q Avgvi gvgv‡ì m‡½ IB cwiev‡ii Avevi bZzbfv‡e SMovi m~ÎcvZ nq| ¸i“`vm eveyi †evb Kgjv Avgvi †gR gvgvi m‡½ fvB‡qi m¤úK© cvwZ‡q Zuvi nv‡Z ivLx †eu‡a w`‡qwQ‡jb| G‡K K`_© K‡i we‡ivaxiv bvbv ai‡bi Kzrmv iUbv K‡i| †nWgv÷v‡ii evm ’v‡b cÖwZiv‡Z wbqwgZ wXj Qy‡o Zv‡ì DË¨³ K‡i †Zv‡j| m‡nï mxgv AwZµg Kivq ¸i“`vm evey GKw`b c`Z¨vMcÎ `vwLj K‡i ¯‹zj †Q‡o P‡j hvb| Gfv‡e ¯‹z‡ji GKwU gnvb Aa¨v‡qi GLv‡bB mgvwß N‡U| Avgvi g‡b Av‡Q, Zviv P‡j hvIqvi cÖv°v‡j Kgjv gvwm Avgv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i LyeB †Ku‡`wQ‡jb| Avwg wbqwgZ Zuvi Kv‡Q cvV wbZvg| wZwb Avgv‡K Bs‡iwR ivBg, evsjv Qov Ges Ave„wË wkwL‡qwQ‡jb| Zuv‡K we`vq w`‡Z ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ Ges MÖvgevmx wgwQj K‡i mËvi NvU ch©š— wM‡qwQj| Rvwb bv GLb Zviv †Kv_vq Av‡Qb? Zuv‡ì K_v g‡b n‡j ¯§„wZ‡Z D_vj-cvZvj †XD I‡V| GiKg wb‡ew`ZcÖvY wk¶K wK GLb †Kv_vI Av‡Q? 4 †g 2005

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bvbxi Kv‡Q †kvbv ag©xq Mí Avgvi eqm hLb Pvi ZLb m‡Zi eQi eq‡m Avgvi gvÕi g„Zz¨ nq (1930)| gv‡K cvIqvi Av‡MB Avwg nvwi‡qwQ| Lye †QvU‡ejvq Zvi we‡q n‡qwQj| ï‡bwQ wZwb k¦ïi evevi †Kv‡j e‡m gywo †L‡Zb| Avi †Ljvi mgq n‡j Avgv‡K †RVvBgvi †Kv‡j Qy‡o w`‡q †Lj‡Z P‡j †h‡Zb| Ggb GK wK‡kvix-gv gvÎ m‡Zi eQi eq‡m Zvi GKgvÎ Pvi eQ‡ii mš—vb, Avgv‡K †Q‡o P‡j hvb| gv‡qi g„Zz i ci KL‡bv Avwg Avgvi †RVvBgvi ey‡K, KL‡bv Avgvi bvbxi ey‡K Av`‡i †mvnv‡M eo n‡qwQ| bvbx Avgv‡K Avì K‡i †ZvZv e‡j WvK‡Zb| GB bv‡g wZwb Qvov Avi †KD Avgv‡K Wv‡Kb wb| Zuvi ü`‡q wQj Avgvi Rb¨ cÖPÊ fv‡jvevmv| kvmb Ki‡ZI wZwb Qvo‡Zb bv| †mB gaygvLv kvmb w`‡q Avgvi Rxeb †hb g›`Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ bv nq Zvi †Póv Ki‡Zb| cv‡ki KvRx evwoi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Avgvi bvbx‡K wb‡q VvÆv Ki‡Zv| Avwg Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cviZvg bv| GKw`b Zv‡K wb‡q we ªƒc Kiv‡Z IB evwoi GK †Q‡j‡K Avwg AvµgY Ki‡Z †M‡j †mB †Q‡j Avgv‡K †g‡i i³v³ K‡i †`q| evwo wd‡i G‡j bvbx Avgv‡K i³v³ †`‡L AvuZ‡K D‡Vb| cÖ_‡g mnvbyf~wZ †`Lv‡jI c‡i kvm‡bi my‡i e‡jb, Zzwg †Kv‡bvw`b Ime ev‡R †Q‡ji m‡½ wgk‡e bv| †mB †_‡K Avwg bvbv evwoi MwÊi evB‡i hv‡Z †h‡Z bv cvwi Zvi Rb¨ bvbxi Kov ûKzg Rvwi n‡jv| g‡b c‡o, MÖx‡®§i ycy‡i bvbx Avgv‡K ey‡K wb‡q Nyg cvov‡Zb| Avwg Ny‡gi fvb K‡i †PvL ey‡R _vKZvg| Zvici bvbx Nywg‡q co‡j Avwg Av‡ — Av‡ — D‡V †`Š‡o IB cvovi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì m‡½ †Lj‡Z †hZvg| aiv co‡j bvbxi eKzwb †L‡Z n‡Zv| Avwg Avgvi ¯§„wZK_vi Ab¨ GKwU Aa¨v‡q bvbx‡K wKfv‡e Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Bmjvwg Mv‡bi cÖwZ AvMÖnx K‡i †Zv‡jb †m wel‡q wj‡LwQ| bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖfv‡e bvbx µ‡g cÖMwZgyLx n‡q I‡Vb| Avgv‡ì MÖvg msjMœ wPK`vB‡i bvbxi wcÎvjq| bvbxi c~e© cyi“l evM`v` †_‡K G‡m GLv‡b emwZ ’vcb K‡ib| m‡½ wb‡q Av‡mb Kvgvi-Kzgvi, †R‡j, bvwcZ, nvwo-‡Wvg, cvj&wK evnK (Kvnvi), gywP, ev`ëv`K, †gŠjfx, gydwZ, gyqvw¾b cÖf„wZ bvbv Rv‡Zi gvbyl| Avwg hLb †QvU‡ejvq bvbxi mv‡_ Zuvi ev‡ci evwo †hZvg ZLb Gme m¤cÖ v‡qi †jv‡Kiv G‡m Zvi cv‡q nvZ †i‡L m¤£‡g K`geywP Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì Bgvi‡Zi aŸsmve‡kl Avwg †`‡LwQ| Avwg hLb Zv‡ì evwo hvB ZLb I‡ì coš— †ejv| ZeyI †`‡LwQ cÖ‡Z¨K †fv‡i Svo– vi G‡m bvbx‡ì D‡Vvb Svo– w`‡q bvbxi c~e© cyi“l‡ì D‡Ï‡k Kcv‡j yB nvZ †VwK‡q cÖYvg Rvbv‡Zb| bvbxi evev Ave yj evix †PŠayix wQ‡jb j¶Y gRyg`v‡ii mgmvgwqK GKRb weL¨vZ Kwe| A‡bK w`b Zvi cvÊywjwc bvbxi Kv‡Q myiw¶Z wQj| c‡i †m¸‡jv nvwi‡q hvq| Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` Ave`yj evix m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Zb| mvwnZ¨ wekvi` hLb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb Kwe Ave yj evix Avgvi bvbxi wcZv ZLb wZwb GB cvÊywjwci mÜv‡b Avgvi bvbv evwo G‡mwQ‡jb| Ab¨ GK Aa¨v‡q wj‡LwQ, wk¶v we —v‡ii AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb Kivi Rb¨ Avgvi bvbvi evwo kÎ“iv mvZevi cywo‡q w`‡qwQj| IB mgq GKwU ev‡· ivLv cvÊywjwc m‡gZ ev·wU cy‡o hvq| bvbxi gy‡L †kvbv Kwe Ave yj evix †PŠayixi KweZvi K‡qKwU Pi‡Yi D×„wZ w`jvgÑ †kvKMuv_v (cZœx we‡qvM) y‡ai QvIqv‡j Av‡Q †Kvb nv‡j bv Kwnjv Avi åvZ…ea~MY G‡m‡Q GLb Ki mw¤§jb DwPZ †Zvgvi G mevi m½ Ki i½ X½ ewn‡e Zi½ myL cvivevi \ bvbx Am¤¢e e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Avgvi bvbv wQ‡jb Avcb‡fvjv wk¶K| MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K wkw¶Z KivB wQj Zvi Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ eªZ| msmv‡ii mg — `vq-`vwqZ¡ wQj bvbxi Ici| hveZxq e¨vcv‡i cwiev‡ii †gŠwjK wm×vš— wb‡Zb bvbx| gvgv‡ì wkw¶Z K‡i †ZvjvB wQj Zvi cÖavb j¶¨| †gR gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix wQ‡jb AZ¨š— †gavex QvÎ| QvÎRxe‡bi cÖwZwU —‡i wZwb e„wË jvf K‡i‡Qb| g¨vwUª‡K wWwfkbvj ¯‹jvi wQ‡jb| KjKvZvq Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R co‡Zb| wWw÷skb wb‡q we.G cvm K‡ib| KjKvZvq _vKvKvjxb wZwb ivRbxwZi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡q c‡ob Ges AwP‡iB wbwLj fviZ gymwjg ÷z‡W›Um †dWv‡ik‡bi mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ

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cÖwZeQi hLb Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z †Kvievwbi Rb¨ Mi“ †Kbv nq, ZLb Lye hZœ K‡i Zv‡K LvIqv‡bv nq| bvbx ej‡Zb, Mi“ bvwK Av‡Mi w`b ^cœ †`‡L †h c‡ii w`b Zv‡K †Kvievwb †`qv n‡e| Avwg Mi“i cv‡k wM‡q Zvi †Pv‡Li Rj gy‡Q w`Zvg| RevB Kivi „k¨ †gv‡UB mn¨ Ki‡Z cviZvg bv| Avb‡›ì cwie‡Z© Avwg wbixn cïwUi w`‡K ZvwK‡q eo †ewk welYœ n‡q coZvg| g‡b cÖkœ Rv‡M, cï †Kvievwb w`‡Z wM‡q Avgiv †h †KvwU †KvwU UvKv LiP Kwi, †m A_© wK gvby‡li `vwi ª we‡gvP‡bi Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvwi bv? bvbx †eu‡P _vK‡j Zv‡K GB cÖkœ KiZvg| bvbx GLb Avi †eu‡P †bB| mij g‡bi mnR cÖkœ Kivi e¨w³wU Avi †bB| GB cÖkœ mgv‡Ri w`‡K Qy‡o gvi‡j Rvwb bv mgvR Gi Kx Reve †`‡e? mwZ¨ wK cï †Kvievwbi ga¨w`‡q Bmjv‡gi Z¨v‡Mi Av`k©‡K Kvh©Ki Kiv hvq? hw` Zvi †fZ‡ii cïUv‡K RevB Kiv bv nq| cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li †fZ‡i GKwU cï evm K‡i| †jvf-jvjmv Z¨vM K‡i wk¶v, ms¯‹…wZ, i“wP, g~j¨‡eva Ges my ’ cwi‡ek m„wói gva¨‡g GB cïwU‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z nq| Zvn‡jB gvbyl cÖK…Z gvbyl n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| †Kvievwb gv‡b Z¨vM| me‡P‡q wcÖq wRwbm Avjøvni bv‡g DrmM© Kiv| wKš‘ AvR mš¿vm, Lyb, ivnvRvwb Ges Bmjv‡gi bv‡g †h Rw½ev‡ì D™¢e N‡U‡Q, Zvi wecix‡Z hw` Avgiv †µva, cÖwZwnsmv, Cl©v, cikªxKvZiZv, wg_¨vPvi, wbôziZv cÖf„wZ yó wicyi cÖfve †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cviZvg, †mUvB wK n‡Zv bv me©‡kªô Z¨vM, me‡P‡q eo †Kvievwb? GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z hw` Avgiv C`‡K Avb‡›`vrm‡e cwiYZ Ki‡Z PvB, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì †kªq‡eva‡K RvMÖZ Ki‡Z n‡e| eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e Acivag~jK AvPvi-AvPiY Ges wb‡Ri †fZ‡ii cïwU‡K ea K‡i cÖK…Z gvbyl n‡q DV‡Z n‡e| gvbyl gvZ…RVi †_‡K Acivax n‡q Rb¥vq bv| cvwievwiK cwi‡ek, cvwicvwk¦©KZv, mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Ges RvZxq Rxe‡b †h fv‡jvg‡›ì aviv cÖevwnZ nq Zvi ga¨ †_‡K GKwU wkï µ‡g µ‡g Acivax n‡q I‡V| Avgiv hw` gy³eyw× PP©vi gva¨‡g, gvbeZvev`x wk¶vµ‡gi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK cwi‡ek e`jv‡Z bv cvwi, Z‡e gvby‡li †fZ‡ii cïUv‡K ea Kiv mnR n‡e bv|

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†Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz Rvjv‡ji m‡½ evj¨‡cÖg Ges Avgvi Kve¨kw³i D‡b¥l

Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Avgvi evj¨KvjUv eÇ Uvbvc‡o‡bi g‡a¨ †K‡U‡Q| GKw`‡K Avgvi cÖavb AwffveK Avgvi evev wQ‡jb evg©vq| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ g„Zz N‡U Avgvi bvbvi| †gR gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix Ges †QvU gvgv jyr‡d Avng` †PŠayix knievmx| Avgvi eo gvgv Avi Avgvi †RVvBgvi m‡½ Avgv‡K wb‡q cÖvq Ø›Ø n‡Zv| d‡j Avgvi †jLvcovi †Kv‡bv avivevwnKZv wQj bv| ZLb Mwniv nvB¯‹zj Pvjy n‡q‡Q| ¸i“`vm evey P‡j hvIqvi ci †nW gv÷vi c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib Ave`yi ingvb we.wU.| wZwb MwniviB †jvK| Avgvi eo gvgvi eÜz| IB mgq Avgv‡K fwZ© K‡i †`qv n‡jv wkï †kªYx‡Z| ZLb wkï †kªYx †_‡K `kg †kªYx ch©š— nvB¯‹z‡ji Aš—fy©³ wQj| avivcvZ, A¼, ïf¼i, n —wjwc, ivgmy›ì emv‡Ki evj¨wk¶v, Bs‡iwR dv÷© eyK Avwg bvbvi Kv‡Q wk‡LwQjvg Ges Gme wel‡q wKQy cvi`kx©I n‡q D‡VwQjvg| ZvB wkï †kªYx‡Z Avgv‡K fwZ© Kivq Avwg LyeB ¶zä n‡qwQjvg| Avgv‡K AbwZKv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖ‡gvkb †`qv n‡jv| Mwniv ¯‹z‡j `yÕeQi †jLvcov Kivi ci †QvU gvgv Avgv‡K kn‡i wb‡q miKvwi gymwjg nvB¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q w`‡jb| †mLv‡b Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kªYxi cvV †kl K‡i Avevi Avgv‡K Mwniv ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †`qv n‡jv cÂg †kªYx‡Z| Mwniv ¯‹z‡j Avgvi A‡bK eÜz Ry‡U †Mj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q Aš—i½ n‡q DVjvg cÖL¨vZ weÁvbx, K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖv³b DcvPvh© cÖqvZ cÖ‡dmi KvgvjDwÏb Avng‡ì †QvU fvB Rvjv‡ji m‡½| Avgv‡ì eÜz‡Z¡i MvpZv Ggb ch©v‡q P‡j wM‡qwQj †h Avgiv GKRb Av‡iKRb‡K bv †`‡L _vK‡Z cviZvg bv| K¬v‡mB Avgiv ci¯úi wPwV PvjvPvwj KiZvg| K¬vm ïi“ nIqvi A‡bK Av‡M Avgiv ¯‹z‡j Dcw ’Z n‡q GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiZvg| Kv‡iv Avm‡Z wej¤^ n‡j GKRb Ab¨R‡bi Ici Awfgvb KiZvg| GKevi Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y Rvjvj K‡qKw`b ¯‹z‡j Abycw ’Z wQj| Avwg LvIqv-`vIqv †Q‡o DrKwÉZ n‡q D‡VwQjvg| Avwg Zv‡ì evwoi w`‡K GKw`b iIqvbv n‡q evwoi mvg‡b G‡m nVvr _g‡K †Mjvg| Zv‡ì evwo wQj eo iv —vi av‡i| Avgvi eÇ j¾v KiwQj Zv‡ì evwo‡Z XyK‡Z| †k‡l Zvi eo fvB Rvgvj Avgv‡K †Rvi K‡i evwoi †fZi wb‡q †M‡jb| †`Ljvg Rvjvj Amy ’ve¯’vq ï‡q Av‡Q| Avgv‡K †`‡L Zvi `yB †Pv‡L AkÖ“| AvwgI †Ku‡` D‡V Zv‡K Rwo‡q aijvg| Zvi gv G‡m †`‡Lb, Avgiv yÕRbB Kuv`wQ| wZwb wew¯§Z n‡q G „k¨ †`L‡jb| Avwg mnmv jw¾Z n‡q Zv‡K cv‡q a‡i mvjvg Kijvg| Gi Av‡M Avwg Rvjvj‡ì evwo‡Z †Kv‡bvw`b hvBwb| ZvB GB cÖ_g †`Ljvg Zvi gv‡K| Rvjvj Zvi gv‡K Avgv‡ì eÜz‡Z¡i K_v GZ wKQy e‡j‡Q, wZwb Avgv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i Avì Ki‡jb Ges Avgv‡ì fv‡jvevmvi ZxeªZv †`‡L gy» n‡jb| Avgv‡K AvMÖnf‡i LvIqv‡jb Ges yB nvZ Zz‡j Avkxe©v` K‡i ej‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì GB eÜzZ¡ wPi ’vqx †nvK| Avgiv †h G‡K Ac‡ii eÜz Gi †P‡q eo myL, eo Z…wß †hb c„w_exi †Kv_vI †bB| Avgv‡ì eÜzZ¡ wb‡q Avgiv Me© KiZvg| Avwg hw` Zvi AeZ©gv‡b Avðh© wKQy †`LZvg, ZLb g‡b n‡Zv Avnv Rvjvj hw` GLb Avgvi mv‡_ _vK‡Zv Kx gRvB bv n‡Zv| Zv‡ì evwo‡Z hw` fv‡jv bvk&Zv ˆZwi n‡Zv, †m †KŠUvq K‡i wb‡q Avm‡Zv Avgvi Rb¨| ej‡Zv GKm‡½ Lve e‡j wb‡q Gjvg| †mw`b Zvi gv‡K †`‡L Avgvi eyK †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡mwQj GKwU `xN©k¦vm| Avgvi †Zv gv †bB, hvi nv‡Zi bvk&Zv Zvi Rb¨ wb‡q Avmv hvq | hv‡K Zvi K_v ejv hvq| †m cÖvqB evwo †_‡K Avgvi Rb¨ wKQy bv wKQy Lvevi wb‡q Avm‡Zv| G‡Z Avgvi gvZ…nvivi †e`bv MfxiZi n‡q DV‡Zv| gv‡S gv‡S †m Avgvi fvevš—i j¶¨ K‡i ej‡Zv Zzwg GZ Kx fve‡Qv? KL‡bv Avb‡›ì AvwZk‡h¨ e‡j DV‡Zv Avwg hw` †g‡q nZvg, Avi Zzwg n‡Z cyi“l ZLb Avgv‡ì we‡q n‡Zv| Kx gRvB bv n‡Zv| Avgiv mvivRxeb GKm‡½ _vK‡Z cviZvg| Avwg ejZvg, GiKg n‡j †Zv Avgv‡ì †`LvB n‡Zv bv| Avgvi mskqx gb gv‡S gv‡S ARvbv e¨_vq y‡j DV‡Zv| ejZvg, †`L Avgvq †hb †Kv‡bvw`b †Q‡o †hI bv| ejZvg, Avgvi fq nq Rvjvj, Avwg hw` gv‡qi g‡Zv nVvr g‡i hvB| Avgvi GB K_v ï‡b Zvi †Pv‡L Aj‡¶¨ †b‡g Avm‡Zv Rj| Avgvi KZ Avb›` n‡Zv, Avgvi we‡”Q‡ì K_v wPš—v K‡i Zvi †Pv‡L Rj G‡jv e‡j| GK kirKv‡ji K_v| wkwki‡fRv †iv` D‡V‡Q mKv‡j| evMv‡b meyR Nv‡mi Ici c‡o‡Q wkDwj dz‡ji ïå Av —iY| gayi GKUv M‡Ü DZjv n‡q D‡V‡Q gb| B‡”Q n‡jv wkDwj dz‡ji gvjv Muvw_| c‡i fvejvg gvjv Muv_v

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†Zv †g‡q‡ì KvR| c‡i LvZvq Zvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU KweZv wj‡L †djjvg| GB Avgvi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g KweZv| Zvi Avw½K Kx wQj, Av‡`Š KweZv n‡qwQj wK-bv AvR Avi g‡b †bB| Z‡e †mw`b n‡qwQj Avgvi Kwe Rxe‡bi cÖ_g cÙ Db¥xjb| ü`‡qi Mfx‡i Adziš— fv‡jvevmv bv _vK‡j KweZv †jLv hvq bv| fv‡jvevmvB ü`qevb gvbyl‡K KweZv iPbvi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| Avgvi †mŠfvM¨, †mw`b Rvjvj‡K Dcj¶¨ K‡i Avgvi ü`‡q †h Kve¨kw³i D‡b¥l N‡UwQj Zv a‡i ivL‡Z †c‡iwQjvg e‡j mvivRxeb Avwg KweZv wjL‡Z †c‡iwQ| †mw`b wQj †iveevi| Avwg Aaxi AvMÖ‡n Zvi Rb¨ ¯‹z‡ji gv‡V A‡c¶v KiwQ| †m Avm‡Q bv †Kb? Zvi †`wi n‡”Q †K‡bv? KZ¶Y e‡m AvwQ| †m hw` Av‡m Avwg Zvi Rb¨ nvRvi eQi cÖZx¶vq e‡m _vK‡Z ivwR| †m wK Avm‡e? ivM K‡iwb-‡Zv? g‡b coj KÕw`b Av‡M Avwg nvivb wek¦v‡mi m‡½ A‡bK¶Y wQjvg e‡j †m Awfgvb K‡iwQj| †Q‡j I †g‡qi †cÖ‡gi g‡Zv Avgv‡ì fv‡jvevmv Kzuwo †g‡jwQj| Ggwb wQj Avgv‡ì yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ eÜzZ¡| GB eÜzZ¡ wPiKvj Avgiv eRvq †i‡LwQ| Mwniv ¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªK cvm Kivi ci Rvjvj XvKvq P‡j †Mj| †mLv‡b Zvi fvB‡qi evmvq †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK cvm K‡i XvKv †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡jv| Avwg XvKvq G‡j Zv‡ì evmvq DVZvg| AZx‡Zi ¯§„wZ Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq nvmv‡Zv, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq Kuv`v‡Zv| GKevi myPwiZ‡K wb‡q XvKvq wM‡qwQjvg Ômxgv‡š—Õi Rb¨ †jLv msMÖn Ki‡Z| D‡VwQjvg Zv‡ì evmvq| XvKvq ZLb mv¤cÖ vwqKZvi nvIqv| `v½v nq nq Ae ’v| ZvB myPwi‡Zi bvg w`jvg kIKZ Imgvb| GKw`b XvKv bIqve evwo‡Z Avgvi gvgvi GK eÜzi †Q‡j Avgv‡ì yÕRb‡K `vIqvZ w`j Ges Zvi Mvwo K‡i bIqve evwo‡Z wb‡q †Mj| Avgv‡ì emv‡jv bIqve evnv yi nvweeyjøvni Wªwqs i“‡g| wZwb AbieZ GKUvi ci GKUv `vgx wmMv‡iU dyKwQ‡jb| †`Ljvg mvgvb¨ y‡qK Uvb w`‡q wmMv‡iUwU Qy‡o †d‡j w`‡”Qb| Zvi wmMv‡iU LvIqv †`‡L AevK njvg| wZwb wR‡Ám Ki‡jb,

†Zvgvi gvgv mvMxi †Kgb Av‡Qb? Zzwg XvKvq †Kv_vq D‡V‡Qv? Avgvi evwo‡Z bv D‡V Ab¨ RvqMvq †Kb D‡V‡Qv| †Zvgvi m‡½ Bwb †K? wZwb D y©‡ZB Gme cÖkœ K‡i †M‡jb| Avwg fv‡jv D y© RvbZvg bv| evsjvq RIqve w`‡qwQjvg| †mw`b wQj ïµevi, Rygvi w`b| mevB fv‡jv Kvco-‡Pvco c‡i bIqve evwoi Af¨š—‡i Aew ’Z gmwR‡` hvIqvi mgq Zv‡ì m‡½ Avgv‡K †h‡Z ej‡jb| myPwiZ‡KI D y©‡Z ej‡jb, kIKZ mvnve Avcwf P¨wj‡q| myPwiZ Amy ’Zvi fvb K‡i gmwR‡` †Mj bv| wd‡i G‡m Zviv myPwiZ‡K wR‡Ám Kij, AvcKv Zweq¨Z Avwf K¨vqwQ n¨vq| myPwiZ j¾vq gv_v wbPz K‡i iBj| Lvevi mgq n‡j weivU gv‡e©j cv_‡ii †Uwe‡j Avm‡Z jvMj n‡iK iKg Lvevi| Lvev‡i †Uwej fwZ© n‡q †Mj| Rxe‡b GZ c‡ì †gvMjvB Lvevi Avwg Gi Av‡M KL‡bv †`wLwb| GLb Rvjv‡ji K_vq wd‡i Avwm| Rvjvj Wv³vwi cvm K‡i wKQyw`b PÆMÖvg †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡R PvKwi K‡i| IB mgq †m Avgvi evmvq _vK‡Zv| wKQyw`b ci D”Pwk¶vi Rb¨ hy³iv‡óª P‡j hvq| gv‡S gv‡S †`‡k Avm‡Zv Av‡M| eûw`b a‡i Avi Av‡m bv| Avkv K‡iwQjvg Zvi fvB‡qi g„Zz ‡Z Avm‡e| ZL‡bv G‡jv bv| RxebUv mgvš—ivj MwZ‡Z P‡j bv| b`xi g‡Zv eÇ AuvKveuvKv c‡_ P‡j| hLbB euvK †bq g‡b nq GUvB mZ¨| GUvB †kl| wKš‘ Zvi MwZ Abš—Kv‡ji w`‡K| evjK eq‡m Avgiv msKí K‡iwQjvg, mvivRxeb Avgiv GK m‡½ KvUv‡ev| †m ej‡Zv, Zzwg n‡e Kwe, Avwg n‡ev Wv³vi| Rxe‡b GUvB mZ¨ n‡q iBj| †m Wv³vi n‡q †eu‡P Av‡Q| Avwg GL‡bv KweZv wj‡L kvwš— cvB| †m hy³iv‡óª Gg.wW. cvm K‡i `xN©Kvj †gvUv gvB‡bi PvKwi K‡i GLb Aemi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Q| eûw`b ci Zvi GKwU wPwV †cjvg, 2005 mv‡ji 20 b‡f¤î| hy³ivóª †_‡K †jLv| wj‡L‡Q, ÒwcÖq eÜz, Avevi †Zvgv‡K dzj cvVv‡ev (†QvU‡ejvq Avgiv gv‡S gv‡S GKRb Av‡iKRb‡K dzj w`‡q m¤¢vlY RvbvZvg)| Gevi Rxe‡bi †k‡l| Avwg †Zv fvwewb †Zvgv‡K Lyu‡R cv‡ev| GB `xN© 50 eQi †Zvgv‡K A‡bK Luy‡RwQ| ï‡bwQ Zzwg †`‡ki evB‡i, we‡j‡Z| †hB ïbjvg, fvB‡cv wRjøyi mv‡_ †Zvgvi †`Lv n‡q‡Q| Zzwg bvwK †jLvq †jLvq fwi‡q Zzj‡Qv XvKvi cÎ-cwÎKv| Zvi KvQ †_‡KB †Zvgvi wVKvbv Luy‡R †cjvg| AvR mKv‡j GKR‡bi Kv‡Q †Zvgvi †Uwj‡dvb b¤î †c‡q ZLwb †Zvgv‡K †Uwj‡dvb Kijvg| †evanq Nywg‡q c‡owQ‡j| wRjøy‡ii Kv‡Q ïbjvg †Zvgvi kixi fv‡jvB| eyjeyj I gywbœ †Kgb Av‡Q? †Zvgvi me Lei Rvb‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| †QvU‡ejvq †Zvgvi Kwe nIqvi ¯cœ wQj| †Zvgvi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g KweZvwU Avgvi D‡Ï‡k wj‡LwQ‡j| GLb Zzwg cÖwZwôZ Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K| †Zvgvi †jLv co‡Z Avgvi Lye fv‡jv jv‡M|

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Avgvi kixi Avi fv‡jv †bB, eqm Abyfe Kwi| ZvB `v`vi g„Zzëvwl©Kx‡Z hvIqv m¤¢e nqwb| Zzwg bvwK K‡qKeviB Av‡gwiKvq G‡m‡Qv Ges Avgvi †LuvR bv wb‡q P‡jI †M‡Qv| †Zvgvi wbôziZvi †kl †bB| Zzwg Avgvi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g eÜz| GKevi Av‡gwiKvq Avm‡e wK?Ó GB wPwV †c‡qwQ †m hy³ivóª hvIqvi A‡bK eQi ci| G wPwV‡ZI Av‡Mi g‡Zv Zvi Awfgvb Ges Av‡eM dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Avwg mwZ¨B wbôyi n‡q †MwQ| GL‡bv Zvi wPwVi Reve †`Bwb| wKš‘ Avgiv GL‡bv yÕRb yÕR‡bi cÖv‡Yi gwY‡KvVvq cÖ_g †cÖ‡gi ¯§„wZ wb‡q †eu‡P AvwQ| Rvjvj QvovI Avgvi Av‡iv K‡qKRb eÜz wQj ZLb| dYx f~lY wek¦vm (nvivb), IB wek¦vm evwoiB †Q‡j, hviv Mwniv nvB¯‹zj cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ Rwg `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| I‡ì evwoi mxgvbvq †g‡q‡ì Rb¨ GKwU D”P cÖvBgvwi we`¨vjq wQj| †mLv‡b Zv‡ì evwoi Ges Avkcv‡ki †g‡qiv †jLvcov Ki‡Zv| cÖwZeQi cyi¯‹vi weZiYx mfvq bvPMvb Ges bvUK AwfbxZ n‡Zv| †g‡qi Pwi‡Î †g‡qivB Awfbq Ki‡Zv| ax‡ib †mb bv‡gi GK ¸Yx e¨w³ bvUK cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb Ges bvP †kLv‡Zb| GKevi ÔK…ò my vgvÕ bvU‡K nvivb Awfbq K‡iwQj| cÖavb bvix Pwi‡Î Awfbq K‡iwQj b‡ik`vi †g‡q ivYx| my k©bv ivYx Zvi Awfb‡qi Øviv gy» `k©K‡ì ü`‡q ’vb K‡i wb‡qwQj| cieZx© Rxe‡b †m kn‡i G‡m ¸j-G-Rvi †eMg evwjKv we`¨vj‡q wk¶KZv Ki‡Zv| Zvi KvKv Uzmy v GKevi Mi“i †Mvk&Z LvIqvi AwfcÖvq e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb Avgvi gvgvi Kv‡Q| ìRv Rvbvjv eÜ K‡i GKwU i“‡g AwZ †Mvc‡b Zv‡K Mi“i †Mvk&Z LvIqv‡bv n‡qwQj| GKRb wn›`y Mi“i †Mvk&Z †L‡q‡Q, †mUv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q GK we¯§qKi e¨vcvi n‡q D‡VwQj| Avgiv Rvbvjvi duvK w`‡q wZwb wKfv‡e Mi“i †Mvk&Z Lv‡”Qb Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ D`MÖxe n‡q D‡VwQjvg| Avgv‡ì eviY K‡i †`qv n‡qwQj G e¨vcviUv †hb †Mvcb ivwL| GB e¨vcv‡i Avgvi †fZi GZ D‡ËRbvi m„wó n‡qwQj †h, †mB NUbv nvivb‡K bv e‡j cvwiwb| nvivb PÆMÖvg K‡j‡R AvB.G cvm Kivi ci Kv÷gm wefv‡M PvKwi wb‡qwQj| m½xZ cwil‡` wke ksKi wg‡Îi Kv‡Q Zejv wk‡L GKRb fv‡jv ZejwP n‡q D‡VwQj| myPwiZ †PŠayix euvwk evRvevi mgq Zvi mv‡_ m½Z Ki‡Zv| Av›ìwKjøvq beMÖn evwo‡Z †m Ges Zvi eo fvB eUz v m ¿xK _vK‡Zb| eUz v cywj‡ki †ikb wefv‡M PvKwi Ki‡Zb| cÖPzi †ivRMvi Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ Zvi AvwZ‡_qZv wQj GZB cÖej UvKv-cqmv we‡kl Rgv‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb Ges †eŠw` Avgv‡K Lye †mœn Ki‡Zb| Avwg hLb Lyikx` gnj eë ’vcbvq e¨ —, ZLb eUz v gv‡S gv‡S Avgv‡K Kv‡b Kv‡b Pzwc Pzwc ej‡Zb, AvR‡K evRvi †_‡K GKwU g —eo i“B gvQ G‡bwQ| †Zvgvi †eŠw` iv‡Z †Zvgv‡K †L‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Avwg cÖvqB eUz vi evwo‡Z wM‡q †eŠwì ivbœv †LZvg| eUz`v, nvivb, Avwg, eUz vi GK kvjx cy®ú Ges Avgv‡ì eÜz ê`¨bv_ GK m‡½ †g‡S‡Z e‡m Lye Avb›`f‡i †LZvg| ZLb wm‡bgv n‡j GKwU gywf †`‡LwQjvg, bvg Ôkni †_‡K ~‡iÕ| Zv‡Z GKwU msjvc wQj hw` we‡q Ki‡Z nq, eDwì †evb‡K we‡q Kie| Avwg Avi nvivb GB msjvc e‡j e‡j cy®ú‡K †LcvZvg| gv‡S gv‡S Avwg IB evwo‡Z nviv‡bi K‡¶ ivwÎhvcb KiZvg| ILv‡bB PÆMÖvg †Rjv QvÎ Ks‡MÖ‡mi m¤úv`K ê`¨bv_ wg‡Îi m‡½ Avgvi cÖ_g †`Lv| whwb Avgv‡K QvÎ Ks‡MÖ‡m †U‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Avgvi cÖvq cuvP eQ‡ii eo| GL‡bv †eu‡P Av‡Qb| KjKvZvq _v‡Kb| GK mgq ê`¨bv_ I Avwg 1942 mv‡j fviZ-Qv‡ov Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM w`‡Z wM‡q KvPvwi cvnv‡oi wb‡P Aew ’Z mve-‡iwRw÷ª Awdm cywo‡q w`‡Z wM‡qwQjvg Ges cywj‡ki nv‡Z aiv c‡o †RjI †L‡UwQjvg| cÖgv‡Yi Afv‡e Avgv‡ì gyw³ †`qv nq| ê`¨bv_ fviZ miKvi †_‡K ^vaxbZv‡hv×v wn‡m‡e wbqwgZ fvZv cvq Ges miKvi wek UvKv fvovq Zvi bv‡g GKwU †QvU d¬ vU eivÏ K‡i‡Q| nvivb A‡bK w`b Av‡M gviv †M‡Q| GLb Avgvi †QvU‡ejvi eÜz ej‡Z †eu‡P Av‡Q ïay yÕRb, hy³ivóª cÖevmx Wv. Rvjvj Avi KjKvZvq ê`¨bv_| GQvov Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz‡ì g‡a¨ wQj Kzgy `vk¸ß, we‡bv` `vk¸ß| Zv‡ì m‡½I h‡_ó Avš—wiKZv wQj| kn‡i covïbv Ki‡Z G‡m we‡bv` `vk¸ß †Mvc‡b KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i Ges Avgvi ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi m½x n‡q I‡V| †m †ek K‡qKevi ivRew›` n‡q †R‡j hvq| †m Zvi fvB‡evb mevB‡K mvgëv`x g‡š¿ `xw¶Z K‡iwQj| cieZx©Kv‡j Zviv MÖvg †Q‡o mevB kn‡i evm Ki‡Zv| Zv‡ì †QvU fvB cÖ‡gv` `vk¸ß Ges †QvU †evb igv wk¶KZv Ki‡Zv| cÖ‡gv` cvwU©i GKRb wek¦ — Kgx© wQj| Zvi †g‡q we‡q K‡i‡Q †fv‡ii KvM‡Ri m¤úv`K k¨vgj `Ë| we‡bv` `vk¸ß †Rj †_‡K gy³ n‡q XvKvq P‡j Av‡m Ges mvsevw`KZv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| cvwU© wØavwef³ n‡j †m Pxbcš’x‡ì `‡j P‡j hvq Avi Zvi fvB‡evbiv i“kcš’x MÖ“‡ci cÖwZ AbyMZ _v‡K| eQi y‡qK Av‡M XvKvq we‡bv` `vk¸ß GKwU wK¬wb‡K cÖvY Z¨vM K‡i| Amy ’ve ’vq Zv‡K Avwg cÖvqB †`L‡Z †hZvg| †m Avgvi nvZ a‡i †Pv‡Li Rj †dj‡Zv| Zvi euvPvi AvMÖn Avgv‡K fxlY KvZi K‡i Zzj‡Zv|

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Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Uvbvc‡o‡b weaŸ — n‡q Avgvi wk¶vRxeb wech© — n‡qwQj| Avwg 1935 mvj ch©š— Mwniv ¯‹z‡j c‡owQ| 1935 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K Avwg †QvU gvgvi nvZ a‡i kn‡i P‡j hvB Ges miKvwi gymwjg nvB¯‹z‡j fwZ© nB| ILv‡b yÕeQi covi ci Avgvi evevi Aby‡iv‡a eo gvgv Avgv‡K Avevi Mwnivq wb‡q hvb| †mLv‡b 5g †kªYx †_‡K 9g †kªYx ch©š— †jLvcov K‡i kn‡i P‡j hvB| Mwniv ¯‹z‡ji cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K wQ‡jb Avgvi eo gvgv| nijvj evey bv‡gi GKRb cÖ”Qbœ KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m`m¨ Mwniv ¯‹z‡j wk¶KZv Ki‡Zb| wZwb Avgv‡ì BwZnvm cov‡Zb Ges BwZnvm cov‡Z wM‡q abx-`wi‡ ªi êlg¨ Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Zz‡j ai‡Zb Ges K_vq K_vq †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi cÖksmv Ki‡Zb| wZwb AwZ †Mvc‡b KwZcq wek¦ — QvÎ wb‡q ivRbxwZi K¬vm Kiv‡Zb Ges gv‡S gv‡S ivR‰bwZK wbwl× eB Avgv‡ì co‡Z w`‡Zb| Zuvi cÖwZ Abyi³ n‡q Avwg AbwZKv‡ji g‡a¨ Zuvi GKRb wkl¨ n‡q DwV Ges ZviB wb‡`©‡k ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ‡ì msMwVZ Kwi| gv‡S gv‡S QvÎ‡ì wb‡q mfvI Kwi| µ‡g µ‡g Avwg IB ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ‡ì GKRb †bZv n‡q DwV| GK ch©v‡q QvÎ Ges wk¶K‡ì Afve Awf‡hvM, `vwe-`vIqv wb‡q GKw`b ag©NU AvnŸvb Kwi| hLb ag©N‡Ui e¨vcv‡i Avgiv ¯‹z‡j mfv KiwQjvg, eo gvgv Zv Rvb‡Z †c‡i AZ¨š— ivMvwš^Z n‡q Avgv‡ì kvw — †`qvi Rb¨ ¯‹z‡j Qy‡U G‡mwQ‡jb| Zuvi AvMgb evZ©v †kvbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †h †hw`‡K cv‡i cvwj‡q hvq| Avwg Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡q cv‡q †nu‡U K`jcyi Avgvi Lvjv‡Zv †ev‡bi evwo‡Z wM‡q DwV Ges †mLvb †_‡K K‡qKw`b ci †bŠKv‡hv‡M PÆMÖvg kn‡i P‡j hvB| ZLbKvi w`‡b K`jcyi †_‡K cÖwZw`b †bŠKv‡hv‡M IB GjvKvi †jv‡Kiv kn‡i †hZ| †bŠKv Qvovi mgq n‡j †bŠKvi gvwS wk½v dzwK‡q dzwK‡q hvÎx‡ì AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Zv|

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myàwbi gv, Kvjvwgqv eÏv I †Rvniv Ô†Q‡j‡ejvi K_vÕ Aa¨v‡q wj‡LwQ, †QvU‡ejvq †Mvjvg evwoi GKRb mvnmx hye‡Ki m‡½ Avgvi eÜzZ¡ n‡qwQj| †m GK Agvem¨v iv‡Z ¯‹z‡ji KvQvKvwQ wnRj Mv‡Qi Zjvq Avgv‡K wb‡q wM‡qwQj, Avgvi fq fvOvevi Rb¨| †mme K_v IB c‡e© wj‡LwQ| GB NUbv Avgvi eo gvgv hLb Rvb‡Z cv‡ib, ZLb †QvU gvgv‡K Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z cvwV‡q Avgv‡K bvbvi evwo‡Z a‡i wb‡q hvb| eo gvgvi mvg‡b Avwg f‡q Kuvc‡Z ïi“ Kwi| wZwb Avgv‡K KwVb kvw¯— w`‡q ej‡jb, †Kv‡bvw`b G evwoi mxgvbv †cwi‡q †h‡Z †Póv K‡iv bv| g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †jLvcov Ki| Rxe‡b †Zvgv‡K A‡bK eo n‡Z n‡e| Avgvi †RVvBgvi D‡Ï‡k ej‡Z jvM‡jb, GB gwnjv Avì w`‡q w`‡q †Q‡jwUi RxebUv bó K‡i †`‡eb| †QvU gvgv Ñ w``vi wgqv I evwoi Ab¨ Kv‡Ri †jvK‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡q ej‡jb, gvneye †hb †Kv‡bvw`b IB me Av‡Rev‡R †Q‡j‡ì m‡½ bv †g‡k| hw` Zv‡K †Kv‡bvw`b †`wL I‡ì m‡½ wg‡k‡Q, Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡ìI kvw — †`qv n‡e| K‡qKw`b Avgv‡K †Pv‡L †Pv‡L ivLv n‡jv| Avgvi MwZwewa K‡Vvifv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡jv| Avgv‡K ejv n‡jv †Kv_vI cvwj‡q hvIqvi †Póv K‡iv bv| hw` cvZv‡j hvI Z‡e †mLvb †_‡KI †Zvgv‡K Luy‡R †ei K‡i Avbv n‡e| ejv evûj¨, bvbvi evwo‡Z Avgvi †Ljvi †Kv‡bv m½x wQj bv| Avgvi wcÖq gvgv‡Zv fvB cÖqvZ Ave yjøvn Avj gvgyb I Ave`yjøvn Avj nvi“b †Ljvi e‡qmx n‡q‡Q Av‡iv A‡bK c‡i| cv‡ki evwo‡Z Avgv‡K †Lj‡Z †h‡Z †`qv n‡Zv bv| †Mvjvg evwoi wKQy †Q‡j `~i †_‡K †Pv‡Li Bkvivq Avgv‡K Uvb‡Zv| Zv‡ì m‡½I Avgv‡K †Lj‡Z †`qv n‡Zv bv| GKvKxZ¡ Rxe‡b Avwg nuvwd‡q DVZvg| gv‡S gv‡S eo gvgvi Kv‡Q K‡Vvi kvw — †c‡q Avgvi g‡b †¶v‡fi m„wó n‡Zv| we‡ ªv‡ni fve RvM‡Zv| Avgvi bvbvi es‡ki Ab¨ kvLvwUi bvg KvjvPuv` †PŠayix| ZvivI KvRx cèx †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i †PŠayix cèx‡Z P‡j Av‡mb| Zv‡ì m‡½ Avgvi bvbv evwoi mym¤úK© wQj bv| Zviv Avgvi bvbvi †P‡q mnvq-m¤ú‡` †ek eo‡jvK wQj| wKš‘ †jLvcovq Ges ms¯‹…wZ PP©vq A‡bK †cQ‡b _vKvq Zv‡ì †Q‡jcy‡jiv AZ¨š— `vw¤¢K Ges ywe©bxZfv‡e Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zv| †Mvjvg cvovi eq¯‹ †jvK‡ì bvg a‡i WvK‡Zv| Zv‡ì Akøxj fvlvq

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DVjvg, ZLb Zv‡ì Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q wKQyUv DbœwZi j¶Y| Zv‡ì evwoi cyi“liv `j †eu‡a DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ †i½y‡b P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| Gfv‡e Zv‡ì fv‡Mï PvKv Ab¨w`‡K Nyi‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jv| Zv‡ì GKRb, Kvjvwgqv eÏv †i½y‡b jUvwi‡Z GK nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi †c‡qwQj| m¤¢eZ 1937 mv‡j| Avgv‡ì evwoi †QvU †Q‡jivI Zv‡ì bvg weK…wZ K‡i WvK‡Zv| †RVvBgv Avgv‡K wkwL‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡ì †hb Avwg eÏv, PvPv, KvKv, †RVv, dydz, Lvjv e‡j m‡¤^vab Kwi| Zv‡ì m‡½ Avgvi GKwU Nwbô m¤úK© M‡o I‡V| Kvjvwgqv eÏv jUvwi‡Z cvIqv UvKvi GK-PZz_©vsk e¨q K‡i †i½yb †_‡K GKw`b GKwU K‡ji Mvb (MÖv‡gv‡dvb) wb‡q G‡jb| ZLb AvovBkÕ UvKv w`‡q y-wZb weNv Rwg †Kbv †hZ| Zv bv K‡i wZwb K‡jiMvb †Kbvq Zvi cÖwZ Avgvi kª×v †e‡o †Mj| K‡jiMv‡bi m‡½ cyi‡bv wkíx‡ì A‡bK¸‡jv evsjv †iKW©I wZwb wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| hÏ~i g‡b c‡o, wkíx‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb MniRvb, Avðh©gqx `vmx, B› yevjv, Av½yievjv, †eMg AvLZvi, AveŸvm DwÏb, †K. gwjøK, kPxb †è eg©Y, Kgjv Swoqv, hyw_Kv ivq, ZvjvZ gvngy , mvqMj Kvbb evjv cÖgyL| GQvov c¼RKzgvi gwjøK, KbK `vk, mvnvbv †èx, gvjZx †Nvlvj, †ibyKv `vk¸ß cÖgyL wQ‡jb iex› ªm½xZ wkíx| cieZx© Rxe‡b hLb Gme wkíx m¤ú‡K© Rvbjvg, ZLb Avðh© n‡q †Mjvg Kvjvwgqv eÏvi m½xZcÖxwZ †`‡L| Kvjvwgqv eÏv cÖvqB †i½y‡b _vK‡Zb| GB K‡jiMvb AvM‡j ivL‡Zb Zvi my›ìx ¯¿x, hv‡K Avwg jvj fvex e‡j WvKZvg| GB Mv‡bi Uv‡b Avwg cÖvqB jvj fvexi Kv‡Q P‡j †hZvg| nq‡Zv †m mg‡qB Mv‡bi Rb¨ Avgvi GKwU mgR`vwi Kvb ˆZwi n‡qwQj| wZwb mgv`‡i Mvb¸‡jv evwR‡q Avgv‡K †kvbv‡Zb| Avgv‡K wZwb LyeB †mœn Ki‡Zb| gv‡S gv‡S hZœ K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡k ewm‡q LvIqv‡Zb| gRvi gRvi Mí e‡j ZvK jvwM‡q w`‡Zb| µ‡g Avwg Zvi AbyivMx n‡q DVjvg| Zvi †mœ‡ni ¯úk© bv †c‡j Avgvi fv‡jv jvM‡Zv bv| Zvi nv‡Zi ivbœv †L‡Z Avwg Lye fv‡jvevmZvg| GB K_v hLb Avgv‡ì cvovq RvbvRvwb n‡q †Mj, ZLb mK‡j ej‡Z jvM‡jv †QvU‡jvK‡ì ILv‡b †L‡q Ges Zv‡ì m‡½ Nwbôfv‡e †gjv‡gkv K‡i Avwg es‡ki gvb-B¾Z Wywe‡qwQ| cieZx© Rxe‡b Gme NUbv Avgv‡K RbM‡Yi cv‡k uvov‡Z DØy× Ki‡Zv| GL‡bv jvj fvexi †mœngqx Qwe Avgvi †Pv‡L †f‡m I‡V| Abyfe Kwi Zvi †mœn-Avì Ges fv‡jvevmvi ¯úk©| eo n‡q hLb PÆMÖvg kn‡i ¯’vqx evwm›`v n‡q †Mjvg, MÖv‡g †M‡jB Avwg Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv Kivi †jvf mvgjv‡Z cviZvg bv| ï‡bwQ Zvi †Q‡jiv ga¨cÖv‡P¨ wM‡q cÖPzi DcvR©b K‡i evwo‡Z `vjvb-‡KvVv Zz‡j‡Q| XvKvq P‡j Avmvq †mB fvex †eu‡P Av‡Q wK-bv Lei wb‡Z cvwiwb| Z‡e Rxe‡bi Ajm gyn~‡Z© Zvi K_v cÖvqB g‡b c‡o| Avgvi †RVvBgvi D`viZv Avgvi †RVvBgv Zv‡ì cÖwZ wQj LyeB mnvbyf~wZkxj| Zv‡ì yt‡Li w`‡b wZwb bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| evwo‡Z fv‡jv ivbœv n‡j wZwb IB evwoi wKQy wcÖqRb‡K †W‡K G‡b LvIqv‡Zb| Avgvi †RVv wQ‡jb evg©vq Rvnv‡Ri K¨v‡Þb| †RVvBgv Avgvi †RVv‡K Zvi Aax‡b Rvnv‡R PvKwi †`qvi Rb¨ Lye cxovcxwo Kivq Zv‡ì A‡b‡K evg©vq Rvnv‡R PvKwi †c‡qwQj| Avgv‡ì g~j evwoi eviv›`vq IB evwoi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì mvwie×fv‡e ewm‡q wZwb †KviAvb I bvgvR wk¶v w`‡Zb Ges KjvcvZvq evsjv †jLv †kLv‡Zb| I‡ì ivgmy›ì emv‡Ki evj¨wk¶v Ges †cwÝj, †¯øU we‡b cqmvq w`‡Zb| Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb GKgvÎ ^wkw¶Z bvix| wZwb PÆMÖvg nvUnvRvwii L›`Kxqv MÖv‡gi weL¨vZ †ki Lvb †PŠayix es‡ki †g‡q| wZwb wPwV wjL‡Z Rvb‡Zb| evsjv co‡Z Rvb‡Zb Ges Avq-e¨‡qi wnmveI ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb| Mwie‡ì cÖwZ wZwb LyeB †mœnkxj wQ‡jb| C‡ì Puv‡` Zv‡ì evwo‡Z †W‡K G‡b fv‡jv fv‡jv Lvevi w`‡q Avc¨vqb Ki‡Z fv‡jvevm‡Zb| wPiKvj †`‡LwQ Zvi fvÊv‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wPwb, gq`v, wN, †Zj, bvi‡Kj, we¯‹zU Ges bvbv ai‡bi j‡RÝ gRy _vK‡Zv| nVvr `k-ev‡ivR‡bi AwZw_ G‡jI wZwb Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Lvevi ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡ì Avc¨vqb Ki‡Zb| AwZw_‡ì emv‡bv n‡Zv kxZj cvwUi Ici my›ì dzj †Zvjv Pvì wewQ‡q| A_ev, g~jëvb myRbx ev Kv‡c©U wewQ‡q| cÖ_‡g iƒcvi _vjvq PZzw ©‡K cvb mvwR‡q gvSLv‡b wPKb mycvwi I wPwb †`qv n‡Zv| Zvig‡a¨ _vK‡Zv Ae ’v †f‡` iƒcvi UvKv wKsev †mvbvi †gvni| m¤ú‡K© †eqvB wKsev Zvj‡Zv fvB ai‡bi †KD G‡j Zv‡ì cÖ_‡g wPwbi kieZ ev evZvmv w`‡q gyL wgwó Kiv‡bv n‡Zv| Lvevi Av‡M Kvi“Kvh©gq `¯—iLvbv wewQ‡q †`qv n‡Zv cvZv‡bv Pv`‡ii gvSLv‡b| wcZ‡ji PKP‡K cwi®‹vi wPjgwP I e`bv w`‡q M„n¯^vgx wb‡Ri nv‡Z AwZw_‡ì nvZ ayB‡q w`‡Zb| wPiKvj Avgiv GUvB †`‡L G‡mwQ| eQ‡i GKwU wbw ©ó mg‡q Avgvi wcZvg‡ni Qq cyÎ (Avgvi evevmn) evg©v †_‡K †`‡k Avm‡Zb| IB mgq AvU-`kwU Mi“ w`‡q †gRevb †`qv n‡Zv| †gRev‡bi Rb¨ mc (j¤^v cvwU), gvwUi evmb-‡Kvmb, eo eo †WK&wP

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KvPvwi N‡ii Qv‡` Zz‡j ivLv n‡Zv| †gRev‡bi cÖvq `k-c‡bi w`b Av‡M †_‡K wewfbœ RvqMvi AvZ¥xq- ^Rb, †KD †bŠKv K‡i, †KD cvwé K‡i bvBIi Avm‡Zb| Avmvi mgq Zviv wb‡q Avm‡Zb bvbv ai‡bi wcVv-cywj, QvQ cv°b I eo eo cv‡bi weov| GB AvZ¥xq m‡¤§j‡b mgeqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì m‡½ Avgv‡ì M‡o DV‡Zv Avš—wiK m¤úK©| wVK GiKg GKwU AvZ¥xq m‡¤§j‡b AvgviB eqmx †Rvniv bv‡gi GK AvZ¥xqvi m‡½ Avgvi cÖMvp eÜzZ¡ nq| Avgv‡ì KvPvwi N‡i kvwo w`‡q †÷R ˆZwi K‡i Avgiv bvbv ai‡bi Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb KiZvg| KvjvPuv‡ì nv‡Ui wmivR-D`-‡`Šjv bvUK †`‡L A‡bK msjvc Avgvi gyL ’ n‡q wM‡qwQj| ZviB AbyKi‡Y Avgv‡ì KvPvwi‡Z Avwg wmivR-D`-‡`Šjv bvUK gÂ ’ Kivi †Póv K‡iwQjvg| ZviRb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv Kv‡Vi Z‡jvqv‡i wmMv‡i‡Ui d‡qj jvwM‡qwQjvg| Avgvi B”Qv wQj, †h‡nZz Avwg wmivR-D`-‡`Šjvi msjvc gyL ’ ej‡Z cvwi, †mRb¨ Avwg wmivR-D`-‡`Šjvi Awfbq Ki‡ev| Avi jyrdv n‡e †Rvniv| wKš‘ Avgvi †P‡q †hvM¨Zi GKRb cÖwZØ›Øx _vKvq Avwg wmivR-D`-‡`Šjv n‡Z cvijvg bv| G‡Z †Rvniv ¶zä n‡q Avgv‡K †Mvc‡b †W‡K wb‡q Kv‡b Kv‡b e‡jwQj, Zzwg Qvov Avwg Avi Kv‡iv eD mvR‡Z cvi‡ev bv| Gfv‡e gvÎ K‡qKw`‡bi Rb¨ Zvi m‡½ Avgvi M‡o D‡VwQj gayi m¤úK©| g‡b Av‡Q, †g‡q‡ì Bg‡cÖm Kivi Rb¨ GKw`b Avwg ZLbKvi w`‡bi cÖPwjZ eª vÛ Ôcvwms †kvÕ wmMv‡iU R¡vwj‡q a~gcvb K‡iwQjvg| †Rvniv Avgv‡K Avov‡j †W‡K wb‡q Avgvi nvZ †_‡K wmMv‡iUwU Qy‡o †d‡j w`‡qwQj| e‡jwQj, GB eq‡m wmMv‡iU †L‡Z †bB| ZvQvov hviv a~gcvb K‡i Zviv †e‡nk&‡Z jvBjx-gRbyi we‡q †`L‡Z cvi‡e bv| D‡jøL¨, ZLbKvi w`‡b jvBjx-gRbyi we‡”Q` Kvwnbx gymjgvb‡ì N‡i N‡i cyuw_i gva¨‡g cwVZ n‡Zv Ges A‡b‡K GB we‡”Q` Kvwnbx ï‡b †Pv‡Li Rj †dj‡Zv| ejv n‡Zv, c„w_ex‡Z wgjb bv n‡jI †e‡nk&‡Z Zv‡ì wgjb n‡e| cieZx©Kv‡j †Rvnivi we‡q nq Zvi GK PvPv‡Zv fvB‡qi m‡½| GKw`b wK GKUv Dcj‡¶ Avwg IB evwo‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| †Rvniv Avgv‡K †`‡L Avðh© n‡q wM‡qwQj| wb‡Ri nv‡Z gyiwM ivbœv K‡i Avgv‡K hZœ K‡i LvB‡qwQj| nvZcvLv w`‡q evZvm Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avgv‡K wR‡Ám K‡iwQj, Avgvi K_v wK GL‡bv †Zvgvi g‡b Av‡Q? Avwg cvëv cÖkœ K‡i e‡jwQjvg, Avgv‡K †Zvgvi g‡b Av‡Q? e‡jv‡Zv Zzwg Avgv‡K GK †gRev‡b wmivR-D`-‡`Šjv bvUK Kivi Av‡qvRb Kivi mgq wK e‡jwQ‡j| ejj, e‡jwQjvg Zzwg Qvov Avwg Kv‡iv eD mvR‡Z cvi‡ev bv| Avwg †n‡m ejjvg, GLb Kx K‡i cvi‡j? †m Reve w`‡jv Ime K_v †Zv †Q‡j‡ejvi cyZzj †Ljvi g‡Zv| g‡b g‡b †M‡q D‡VwQjvg, cyi‡bv †m w`‡bi K_v †m wK †fvjv hvq| 1 Ryb 2006

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Kgjv my †÷vi bv‡g IB GjvKvq (jvj`xwNi cwðg cv‡o) GKwU RyZvi †`vKvb wQj| gvwjK wQ‡jb gb‡gvnb gnvRb (†PŠayix), KÉwkíx Kj¨vYx †Nvl Ges cÖevj †PŠayixi evev| Zv‡ì †R¨ô cyÎ P›`b (myeªZ) Lye Aí eq‡m Aóg †kªYx‡Z covi mgq gviv hvq| †mI Avgvi eÜz wQj| Zvi †QvUfvB †`vjb GKRb BwÄwbqvi| ’vqxfv‡e we‡j‡Z Av‡Q| †m Avgv‡K AMÖ‡Ri gh©v`vq kª×v K‡i| jÛ‡b (1974) †m GKevi Avgvi m¤§vbv‡_©

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1952 mv‡j A‡±vei gv‡m Avgvi we‡q nq RIkb Aviv ingv‡bi mv‡_ PÆMÖv‡g| Avgš¿Y wjwc cvwV‡qwQjvg fviZ I cvwK —v‡bi cÖMwZkxj I weL¨vZ wkíx mvwnwZ¨K‡`i Kv‡Q| D`q ksK‡ii Kv‡QI| wZwb Avgvi we‡q‡Z Avkxe©vYx cvwV‡qwQ‡jb †UwjMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g| Avgvi we‡q Dcj‡¶ weL¨vZ e¨w³‡`i ï‡f”Qv wb‡q Avgvi eÜziv †ei K‡iwQ‡jb ï‡f”Qv bv‡gi GKwU cyw —Kv| †mLv‡b mK‡ji evYxi kx‡l© ’vb †`qv n‡qwQj D`q ksK‡ii evYx‡K| Zuvi g‡Zv GKRb wek¦weL¨vZ wkíx Avgvi we‡q‡Z evYx cvVv‡eb, GUv Avwg †gv‡UI Avkv Kwiwb| 16 RyjvB 2006

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bRi“j‡K wb‡q Avgvi wKQy ¯§„wZ Avgv‡ì Zvi“Y¨‡K RvMÖZ †`k‡cÖ‡g cwiYZ K‡iwQ‡jb KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg| Zuvi KweZv Ges Mv‡b me©‡kªYxi gvbyl‡K wZwb D`xß K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb| me©ÎMvgx GK wbcxwoZ RbM‡Yi Kwe bRi“j| Zuvi KweZvq K…lK-kªwgK, Kzwj-gRyi, ga¨weË, QvÎ, bvix-wkï GgbwK eviewbZvI ’vb †c‡q‡Q| ZvQvov AmsL¨ Mv‡b wewPÎ ai‡bi myiv‡ivc K‡i wZwb Avgv‡ì m½xZ‡K we‡klfv‡e mg„× K‡i‡Qb| Mv‡bi msL¨v Ges êwP‡Î¨ wZwb GKwU bZzb avivi cÖeZ©K| Zuvi Rb¥ n‡qwQj ea©gvb †Rjvi Pzi“wjqv MÖv‡g, 1306 mv‡ji 11 ˆR¨ô, 1899 wLª÷v‡ãi 24 †g| ARq b‡ì Zx‡i Pzi“wjqv MÖvg| GB ARq b‡ì Icv‡i exif~g †Rjvi †K› ywej¦ MÖv‡g Rb¥ †bb Kwe Rq‡è| Zvi wKQy ~‡i Kwe PÊx`v‡mi Rb¥| Avgv‡ì evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GB `yB Kwe wewkó ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Qb Zuv‡ì AmvaviY Kve¨-mvabvi Rb¨| GB ARq b‡ì Zx‡i uvwo‡q PÊx`vm †M‡q D‡VwQ‡jb Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvBÕ| Zuvi GB evYxi wfwË‡Z ˆZwi nq evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi g~javiv| H AÂ‡j eû êò‡ei emevm| Zviv fw³g~jK †cÖ‡gi Mv‡b fwi‡q w`‡Zb †mLvbKvi gvby‡li gb| Zv‡ì my‡i myi wgwj‡q cvwLivI †LvKv AvmyK e‡j Avkxe©v` Qwo‡q w`Z M„n‡ ’i N‡i N‡i| MÖvg¨ evjK bRi“j GB cwi‡e‡k eo n‡qwQ‡jb| gvÎ AvU eQi eq‡m wZwb wcZv‡K nvivb| AwZ Aí eq‡m wbR cwiev‡ii Avw_©K `vwe †gUv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Ri Kuv‡a Zz‡j wb‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| KwVb `vwi‡ ª i m¤§yLxb n‡q cvovi gmwR‡` BgvgwZ K‡ib| cxi cyKz‡ii cv‡o nvRx cv‡jvqv‡bi gvRv‡i Lv‡`gwMwi K‡ib| MÖv‡gi †h g³e †_‡K cvm K‡ib (1910) †mB g³‡e covevi KvR wb‡q cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z m‡Pó nb| Gfv‡e cwikªg K‡iI hLb Avi cvwievwiK Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cvi‡jb bv, ZLb ivYxM‡Ä G‡m kªwg‡Ki KvR †bb| GB mgq †ijI‡qi GK MvW© mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z eveywP©i KvRI K‡ib| MvW© mv‡n‡ei ¿x Zuv‡K Lye †mœn Ki‡Zb| bRi“j‡K wZwb Mvb wkLvi eë ’v K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb e‡jI Rvbv hvq| Gici Avmvb‡mv‡j GKwU i“wUi †`vKv‡b gvwmK AvU UvKv †eZ‡b PvKwi K‡ib| GB mgq ’vbxq cywjk BÝ‡c±i KvRx iwdKzjøvi m‡½ Zuvi cwiPq N‡U| wZwb bRi“‡ji covïbvi cÖwZ AvMÖn, Zuvi †gav

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mvMxi †PŠayix, Ave yj nK †`vfvl Ges KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †bZv KíZi“ †mb¸ß, cy‡Y©› y `w — vi, kiw`› y `w —`vi, my‡L› y `w — vi cÖgyL| GB Awfhv‡b huviv Avgv‡ì bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì mevi K_v K…ZÁZvf‡i ¯§iY Kwi| bRi“j mv¤cÖ vwqKZvi wfwË‡Z †`k wefvRb mg_©b Ki‡Zb bv| ÔbehyMÕ-Gi m¤úv`K _vKvKv‡j wZwb ÔcvwK —vb bv duvwK —vbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g m¤úv`Kxq wj‡LwQ‡jb| ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi g~Z©cÖZxK bRi“j mv¤cÖ vwqKZvev`x‡ì Kv‡Q †Kv‡bvw`b AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ibwb| ZvB wZwb hLb 1942 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m nVvr Amy ’ n‡q evKkw³ nvivb, ZLb evsjv‡`‡k yB yBevi gymwjg jxM miKvi ¶gZvq wQj| Zviv Zuvi wPwKrmvi †Kv‡bv e‡›`ve — K‡iwb| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv wZwb evK&nviv nIqvi ci Gme cvwK —vbev`xiv Zv‡K gymjgvbx †jevm cwi‡q iex› ªbv‡_i cÖwZØ›Øx wn‡m‡e uvo Kivevi †Póv ïi“ K‡i| Zuvi KweZv‡K BmjvwgKi‡Yi ga¨w`‡q Zuv‡K RvZxq Kwe AvL¨v †`q| hviv GK mgq Zuv‡K AvL¨v w`‡qwQj Kv‡di Ges gyiZv` e‡j| GK_v mevB Rv‡bb, 1941 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K GK mfvq e³„Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q bRi“j nVvr Amy ’ n‡q c‡ob| wKQyw`b ci wZwb evKkw³ nvwi‡q †d‡jb| KjKvZvq Zuvi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ †hme D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡qwQj, Zv wQj cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq wKwÂrKi| 1952 mv‡j Avgvi KjKvZvi eÜz iweDÏxb‡K m‡½ wb‡q Amy ’ bRi“j‡K †`L‡Z hvB| Zuvi †kvPbxq kvixwiK Ges gvbwmK Ae ’v †`‡L g‡b n‡qwQj hw` †kl cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e GKevi Zuv‡K we‡`‡k cvVv‡bv hvq, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv Zuv‡K my ’ K‡i †Zvjv m¤¢e n‡e| iweDÏx‡bi Kv‡Q ïbjvg 27 Ryb 1952, wek¦fviZxi Z`vbxš—b DcvPvh© AZzjP› ª ¸‡ßi evmfe‡b bRi“‡ji mywPwKrmvi D‡Ï‡k¨ bRi“j wbivgq mwgwZ MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| KvRx Ave yj I y Ges iweDÏxb wQ‡jb GB KwgwUi m¤§vwbZ m`m¨| Avwg iweDÏxb‡K m‡½ wb‡q KvRx Ave yj I y‡ì m‡½ GB e¨vcv‡i mv¶vr Kwi| Zuvi m‡½ bRi“j‡K wPwKrmvi Rb¨ we‡`k cvVvevi e¨vcv‡i we¯—vwiZ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Kivi ci iweDÏxb‡K wb‡q PÆMÖv‡g wd‡i Avwm| PÆMÖv‡gI MVb Kwi bRi“j wbivgq mwgwZ| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ Gm G Rvgvb, Avng yj Kwei, dRjyj nK, ew`Dm mvjvg, Kexi †PŠayix, kIKZ Imgvb, Zvivc` †Nvl Ges Ab¨‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq cÖvq m‡Zi nvRvi UvKvi g‡Zv A_© msMÖn Kiv nq| Awdwmqvwj †÷U e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g G UvKv fvi‡Z cvVv‡Z bv cvivq ûwÛi gva¨‡g UvKvUv iweDÏxb‡K w`‡q KvRx Ave`yj I`y‡ì Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv nq| GKvË‡i knx` Avgv‡ì eÜz mqx yj nvmvbI jÛb †_‡K GB Znwe‡j wKQy A_© msMÖn K‡i †`b| 14 †g 1953 mvj| bRi“j‡K wb‡q iweDÏxb, Kwe-cZœx, †Q‡j Awbi“×, †mweKv jwZdv †Nvl‡K wb‡q wmwÜqv †Kv¤úvwbi Rvnv‡R K‡i †ev‡¤^ †_‡K we‡`k hvÎv K‡ib| 8 Ryb wjfvicyj n‡q jÛ‡b †cuŠ‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡K wPwKrmvi Rb¨ wf‡qbvq hvb| wf‡qbvq wZwb Dr. HanshoffÑGi wPwKrmvaxb wQ‡jb| AwZ †`wi n‡q hvIqvq bRi“j‡K Avi my ’ Rxe‡b wdwi‡q Avbv hvqwb| 15 wW‡m¤î 1953 mvj| wegvb‡hv‡M Zuviv Kwe‡K wb‡q KjKvZv wd‡i Av‡mb| iweDÏxb †_‡K hvb †iv‡g| KjKvZvi †Kv‡bv GK DbœvwmK Wv³vi weåvwš—Ki GK Z‡_¨ e‡jwQ‡jb, bRi“j †hŠb‡iv‡M Avµvš— nIqvi Kvi‡Y ¯§„wZkw³ nvwi‡q‡Qb| G‡K wfwË K‡i wKQy bRi“j M‡elKI bRi“j m¤ú‡K© GB wg_¨v Acev` Zv‡ì †jLvq iwU‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ wf‡qbvq Dr. Hanshoff ¯úófvlvq Zvi wi‡cv‡U© e‡j‡Qb, bRi“‡ji GB †iv‡Mi DrcwË ¯’j †Kv‡bv †hŠb‡ivM bq| Kv‡RB Avwg mevB‡K Aby‡iva Kwi bRi“‡ji Rxebx wjL‡Z wM‡q GB Acev‡ì Kvwjgv †jcb K‡i †hb bRi“j‡K Rbmg‡¶ †nq cÖwZcbœ bv K‡ib| bRi“‡ji wPwKrmvi wKQy `wjjcÎ Avgvi Kv‡Q cvwV‡qwQ‡jb iweDÏxb| †m `wjjcÎ Avwg M‡elK W. BmªvBj Lvb‡K w`‡qwQjvg Ges Gi Ici GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kivi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡qwQjvg| Ôˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv‡ZÕ Zvi †jLv GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b Qvcv nq| bRi“j Avgv‡ì RvZxq Kwe| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wZwbB GKgvÎ Kwe, whwb wn› y-gymjgv‡bi HwZn¨‡K GKm~‡Î †Mu‡_ Mvb I KweZv iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Bmjvwg Mv‡bi cvkvcvwk iPbv K‡i‡Qb k¨vgv m½xZ Ges yB m¤cÖ v‡qi m¤cÖxwZi Mvb, ^vaxbZvi Mvb| ivRbxwZwe`‡ì gyL †_‡K D”PviY nevi Av‡MB wZwb Zuvi Ôa~g‡KZzÕ cwÎKvq fvi‡Zi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZvi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| GLb Lye ytL jv‡M, hLb †`wL †`‡k bRi“j PP©v K‡g †M‡Q| Zuvi †hme Mv‡b K…lK, kªwgK, ga¨weË, wn› y, gymjgvb HKë× n‡q evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡owQ‡jbÑ †mme †`k‡cÖ‡gi Mvb AvR Avi †ewk †kvbv hvq bv| HKZvb KweZvqÑ

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Abœ vk¼i iv‡qi cÖeÜ c‡o gy» n‡qwQ e‡U wKš‘ Zvi Rxebx ÔKvj wbiewaÕ †hgb evi evi c‡owQÑ GB cÖeÜ ïay GKevi c‡o †Q‡o w`‡qwQ| KviY Avwg Abœ vk¼i ivq m¤ú‡K© hv wjLwQ Zv †hb Avwbmy¾vgv‡bi K_v bv n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ wewfbœ Z_¨ Rvbvi Rb¨ Zv‡K †Uwj‡dv‡b wei³ K‡iwQ| †m †Uwj‡dv‡b Avš—wiK †n‡m Avgv‡K Avevi AMÖ‡Ri gh©v`vq Awfwl³ K‡i| Av‡Mi K_vq wd‡i Avwm| myPwiZ‡K eÜz wn‡m‡e †c‡q Ges Zvi iwmK wcZv‡K mvwn‡Zï wk‡ivgwY wn‡m‡e fve‡Z wM‡q Avgvi Rxe‡bi †gvo Ny‡i hvq| Avwg mvwnZ¨‡K eªZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi Drmvn cvB GB cwievi †_‡K| Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix 1927 mv‡ji w`‡K ivDRvb _vbvi †bvqvcvov MÖv‡gi g‡n› ª Kzgvi †m‡bi Kb¨v Pvi“evjv‡K we‡q K‡ib| †MvÎ wn‡m‡e gvwmgv wQ‡jb GKavc Dc‡i, ê`¨| G m¤ú‡K© ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q Abœ vksKi ivq wj‡L‡QbÑ Ògv‡S gv‡S wZwb (Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix) mvgvwRK cÖm½ cvo‡Zb| GKw`b wb‡Ri m¤^‡Ü ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi we‡q n‡q‡Q ê`¨ cwiev‡i| Av‡M Avwg k¦ïievwo †M‡j RvgvB Avì †cZzg| B`vbxs Avgvi m¤^Üxiv ay‡qv a‡i‡Q †h Iiv ê`ïv bvwK D”PeY©| GLb Avi Avgv‡ì Kvq ’‡ì m‡½ Av`vb-cÖ vb Pj‡e bv| †M‡j Avgv‡K Avjv`v emvq|Õ Avwg ytL cÖKvk Ki‡j wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvgvi kvïox VvKzivYx wKš‘ †Zgwb †mœn K‡ibÕ|Ó gvwmgv Zuvi mvZKb¨vÑ AvkªwgKv, gvayix, Abycv †PŠayix (weby), AwbZv, Awbgv, Amxgv, Abyfv (Wwj) Ges wZb †Q‡j myfvkxl †PŠayix, wPiš—b †PŠayix Ges myPwiZ †PŠayix‡K wb‡q eo msmvi mvgjv‡Z wngwkg †L‡Zb| Gig‡a¨ Ry‡U †Mjvg Avwg| wZwb gv‡qi Av`‡i Avgv‡K AvM‡j ivL‡Zb| Avï‡Zvl †PŠayixi †ewkifvM eÜz wQ‡jb gymjgvb| MÖvg †_‡K cjøxMxwZKvi msev` wb‡q AvmZ eû gymjgvb MÖvg¨ Kwe| Zv‡ìI Avc¨vqb Kiv‡Z n‡Zv gvwmgv‡K| G ai‡bi Amv¤cÖ vwqK cwievi Avwg Rxe‡b Lye Kg †`‡LwQ| GB cwiev‡ii m‡½ Nwbô nIqvi d‡j Avgvi m‡½ cwiPq N‡UwQj Abœ vksKi iv‡qi| wZwb PÆMÖv‡gi AwZwi³ †Rjv cÖkvmK c‡` e`wj n‡q PÆMÖv‡g Av‡mb 1937 mv‡j| wZwb Zuvi ¯§„wZK_vq wj‡L‡Qb Ñ Ò†mevi (1933) hLb PÆMÖv‡g hvB ZLb Avgv‡K mcwiev‡i wgwjUvwi cwie„Z n‡q mviwKU nvD‡R evm Ki‡Z nq| †K Rv‡b KLb I‡ì Dci ¸wjel©Y ev †evgv wb‡¶c n‡e, Avi IivI Av¸‡bi †dvqviv Ly‡j †`‡e| gvSLvb †_‡K Avgvi I Avgvi wcÖqRb‡ì `kv n‡e m½xb| mÜ¨vi Av‡MB wdi‡Z nq, bB‡j †e‡qv‡bUavix ¸L©v P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡e| DËi w`‡Z n‡e, Ô‡d«ÛÕ| Gevi Avgv‡K †m iKg cwiw ’wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡jv bv| KvPvwi cvnv‡oi m‡½ †Rvov Av‡iK cvnv‡oi Dci Avgvi evs‡jv| †mUvi bvg wQj †U‡¤ú÷ wnj, AciUvi bvg †dqvwi wnj| Avgvi evs‡jv †_‡K Avwg y‡ejv †`L‡Z cvB c~ew`‡K iv½vgvwU AÂ‡ji ˆkjgvjv, cwð‡g e‡½vcmvMi, gwa¨Lv‡b engvb KY©dzjx b`x| bvg †hgb my›ì, iƒcI †Zgwb my›ì| wbmM© PÆMÖvg‡K f~ ^M© K‡iwb, Z‡e evsjv‡`k‡K AwØZxq K‡i‡Q| b`x Avi mgy ª Avi ce©‡Zi mgv‡ek Avgv‡ì GB mgZj cÖ‡`‡k Avi †Kv_vq| hZevi †PvL †gwj ZZevi ab¨Zv RvbvB|Ó ZLb Abœ vksKi iv‡qi m‡½ †`Lv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK ¸YxRb GKkÕ evBkwU wmuwo †e‡q Zuvi evwo‡Z †h‡Zb| PÆMÖv‡g Zuvi GKwU eÜz‡Mvôxi m„wó n‡qwQj| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix, Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, nexeyjøvn evnvi, gvneye-Dj Avjg, Kwe Inx yj Avjg, Aveyj dRj cÖgyL| Avwg I myPwiZ my‡hvM †c‡jB Zuvi cvnv‡oi evwo‡Z Qy‡U †hZvg| Zuvi cyÎ cyY¨‡køvK (cÖqvZ), c‡i GKRb bvgRv`v fvlvwe` n‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡iK cyÎ Avb›ìƒc| A_©bxwZi †¶‡Î we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ †`‡k-we‡`‡k L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Qb| hÏ~i g‡b c‡o, Rqv e‡j Zuvi GK †g‡q wQj| Avgiv mevB wg‡j †Ljvayjv K‡i Avb‡›` mgq KvUvZvg| Zv‡ì GKwU nwiY wQj| nwiYwU Abœ`vksKi ivq e`wj nIqvi mgq Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix‡K w`‡q hvb| mvZPwjø‡k evOjv wef³ n‡j Avbœ vksKi ivq Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo AvNvZ †c‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡iKwU AvNvZ †c‡qwQ‡jb e½eÜzi A ^vfvweK g„Zz ‡Z| cieZx©Kv‡j hLbB KjKvZvq Zuvi Kv‡Q †hZvg Ges Zuv‡K evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi Aby‡iva RvbvZvg, wZwb D‡ËwRZ n‡q e½eÜzi wbg©g g„Zz i cÖm½ Zz‡j Avb‡Zb| e½f‡½i e¨vcv‡i wZwb AíK_vq we¯§qKi yÕwU Qov wj‡LwQ‡jb| GKwU, †Z‡ji wkwk fvO‡jv e‡j †LvKvi Õc‡i ivM K‡iv/ †Zvgiv †hme ey‡ov †LvKv evOjv †f‡O fvM K‡iv| Ab¨wU, fyj n‡q †M‡Q wejKzj/ mewKQy AvR fvM n‡q †M‡Q, fvM nqwb‡Kv bRi“j| G Qov ywU Ômxgv‡š—Õ Qvcvevi Rb¨ wZwb cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| Avgiv h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`vq Zv mxgv‡š— †Q‡cwQjvg|

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1986 mv‡j Abœ vksKi Zuvi wb‡Ri Kv‡Q msiw¶Z Avï‡Zvl †PŠayixi yj©f wKQy cÖKvwkZ iPbv Ges c~iexÕi GKwU †mU i¶‡Yi Rb¨ myPwiZ †PŠayixi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mB cÖm‡½ GKwU wPwV‡Z myPwiZ‡K †j‡Lb Ò .... Avð‡h©i welq ZLbKvi w`‡b Avgiv mK‡j evOvwj wQjyg| cvwU©k‡bi K_v †KD ^‡cœI Kíbv K‡iwb| Ôc~iexÕ Zvi mv¶¨ enb Ki‡Q| †mB hy‡Mi m‡½ Aš^q i¶vi cÖkœ DV‡j Ôc~iexÕB †`‡e †mB DËi| Zzwg GB †mUwU evsjv GKv‡Wgx‡Z msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ w`‡Z cv‡iv| myPwi‡Zi m‡½ cwiPq nIqvi ci Avgiv yRb Awfbœ-cÖvY eÜz n‡q DwV| gv‡S g‡a¨ †h SMov Ges gvb-Awfgvb n‡Zv bv Zv bv| Zvi mncvVx wQj PÆMÖv‡gi weL¨vZ wkícwZ wc †K †m‡bi †QvU‡Q‡j cÖfvZ Kzgvi †mb| AwP‡iB Zvi m‡½I Avwg Nwbô n‡q DVjvg| †m PgrKvi iex›`ªm½xZ MvB‡Zv| G‡`‡ki gvbyl weËevb n‡j bvbvai‡bi ev‡R Kv‡R A_© e¨q K‡i| ms¯‹…wZ Zv‡ì ¯úk© K‡i bv| evwoi cwi‡ek n‡q I‡V Acms¯‹…wZi †K› ª| wKš‘ wc †K †m‡bi evwo wQj Gi e¨wZµg| ILv‡b cvwievwiKfv‡e wbqwgZ Mv‡bi Abyôvb n‡Zv, bvUK n‡Zv| cÖfv‡Zi GK fvB KjKvZv †_‡K gv‡m `yevi I —v` Avwb‡q Zvi Kv‡Q kv ¿xq m½xZ wkL‡Zb| gv‡S gv‡S IB I —v` Ges cÖfv‡Zi fvB g½j`v K¬vwmK¨vj Mv‡bi Avmi emv‡Zb| mvivivZ a‡i GB Avmi Pj‡Zv| AvR Avgvi eÜz myPwiZI †bB, cÖfvZI †bB| myPwi‡Zi g„Zz eûw`b Avgv‡K nZevK K‡i †i‡LwQj| A‡bKw`b Avwg welv`MÖ — wQjvg| †Kv‡bvwKQy fvj jvM‡Zv bv| wKQy wjL‡Z cviZvg bv| GgbwK Zv‡K wb‡qI bv| 1993 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i †klev‡ii g‡Zv Avgiv GK m‡½ KjKvZvq hvB| B”Qv wQj Ômxgvš—Õ bvg w`‡q GK nvRvi c„ôvi GKwU msKjb †ei Ki‡ev Ges ZviRb¨ KjKvZv †_‡K †jLv †RvMvi Ki‡ev| wKš‘ ZLb PÆMÖv‡g PjwQj myPwi‡Zi cwiPvwjZ ÔAv‡gbvmy›ìxÕi winv‡m©j| G winv‡m©‡j Dcw ’Z _vKvi Rb¨ †m ZwoNwo K‡i Avgv‡ì m‡½ XvKvq P‡j Av‡m| c‡ii w`b Av‡gbvmy›ìx cvjvi Rb¨ KjKvZv †_‡K †Kbv Kw÷Dg wb‡q †m PÆMÖvg P‡j hvq| K_v wQj Av‡gbvmy›ìx gÂ ’ nIqvi c‡ii w`bB †m XvKv Avm‡e Ges Avevi Avgiv †jLv †hvMvi Kivi Rb¨ KjKvZv hve| wKš‘ Av‡gbvmy›ìx gÂ ’ nIqvi Av‡MB cÖvZtåg‡Yi mgq ü`‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q 5 Rvbyqvwi 1994, †m g„Zz eiY K‡i| 24 RyjvB 2006

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mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi aª“eZviv Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` wQ‡jb Z‡cve‡b a¨vbiZ GKRb Fwli g‡Zv| Zuvi g‡Zv wekvj ü`‡qi AwaKvix †jvK Avwg Rxe‡b Lye Kg †`‡LwQ| Am¤cÖ vwqKZv, Mfxi mvwnZ¨‡cªg Ges GZ eo gvbeì`x e¨w³i ms¯ú‡k© G‡m Avwg Amv¤cÖ vwqK „wófw½i AwaKvix nB| evOvwji nvRvi eQ‡ii HwZ‡nï cÖwZ wek¦v‡m Ges A½xKv‡i Ave× nB| wZwb Zuvi Rxe‡bi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb, ÒAvwg K¼v‡ji eëmvqx| cyivZb cyuw_ K¼v‡jiB g‡Zv| wKš‘ Avwg Zvi †fZi hyM-hyMvš—i i³-agbx I wbtk¦v‡mi cÖevn-aŸwb ïwbqvwQ| Avgvi wek¦vm, †m hy‡Mi wkí-mªóv‡ì c‡¶ hv mZ¨ wQj, AvR Zvi we‡kl e¨wZµg N‡U bvB| wZwb wn›`y-gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ we‡f` m„wóKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k e‡j‡Qb, HwZn¨ we‡f‡ì PvgyÊv bq| HwZn¨ mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi †¶‡Î GKUv aª“e b¶Î we‡kl| HwZ‡nï AbymiY I †mB †mªvZaviv‡K wPi engvb Kwiqv †ZvjvB ms¯‹…wZ‡mexi Avmj KvR| huviv Zv gv‡bb bv, Zuvnv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi mvabvi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ bvB| Zuvnv‡ì mwnZ Avwg Z‡K© cÖe„Ë nBe bv| wKš‘ Avcbv‡ì ewj‡Z PvB, HwZ‡nï cUf~wgi mwnZ huvnv‡ì †hvM bvB, Zi“jZvi †¶‡Î †hgb ci‡fvRx kã eënvi Kiv nqÑ GLv‡b H RvZxq e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ †Zgb we‡klY-B Av‡ivc Kiv P‡j| mgvR Rxe‡bI †`wL‡eb, Bnviv ci‡fvRx| gvbeZvi mwnZ Zuvnv‡ì †Kv‡bv m¤^Ü bvB| Rbmvavi‡Yi g —‡K KuvVvj fvwOqv w`bvwZcvZ K‡ib| GB RvZxq e¨w³‡ì Dc‡`k †Kv‡bvw`b MÖnY Kwi‡eb bv|Ó Zuvi m¤^‡Ü ej‡Z wM‡q cÖev`Zzj¨ evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï BwZnvmwe` W. `x‡bkP› ª †mb wj‡LwQ‡jbÑ ÒAve yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì cy —KLvwb ÔAvi&Kvb-ivRmfvq ev½vjv mvwnZ¨Õ Ges c~e© evsjvi cÖvPxb MxwZKv¸‡jv cvV Kwi‡j ¯úóB „ó nB‡e †h, wKQyw`b c~‡e©I e½ fvlvq wn› y wK gymjgv‡bi Avjv`v ewjqv †Kv‡bv Qvc wQj bv| Bnv Dfq m¤cÖ v‡qiB gvZ…fvlv ewjqv MY¨ wQj| †Kv‡bv mv¤cÖ vwqK cÖ‡kœi m‡½ Bnvi G‡Kev‡iB mskªe wQj bv| †mKv‡j †Muvov †gvjøv I Uz‡jv cwÊZ GKw`‡K Aviwe, dviwm I Aciw`‡K ms¯‹…wZ k‡ãi gvj& gmjv XyKvBqv ev½vjv fvlvi †Kjøv `Lj Kwi‡Z cÖqvm cvb bvB| c~e©e½ MxwZKvi ÔgvwbKZvivÕ bvgK cvjvq RvgvBr Djøv †h Ac~e© K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`qv‡Qb, Zvnvi mgK¶Zv Kwi‡Z cv‡i, GBiƒc wn›`y Kwei msL¨v AwZ Aí| GB cy —‡K †jLK Kwe †`ŠjZ KvRxi (1622-1638 Avwef©ve Kvj) ÔmZx-gqbvÕ bvgK Kv‡eï †h Ac~e© KweZ¡-m¤ú‡ì K_v wjwLqv‡Qb Zvnv cvV Kwiqv evOvwj gv‡ÎB eywS‡eb †h, e½ fvlvi kªxe„w×i K…wZZ¡ I †MŠie hZUv wn›`yi ZZUv gymjgv‡bi| Bnv‡ì GK m¤úª`vq hw` Zuvnv‡ì ^xq m„ó KxwË© nB‡Z †Kv‡bv ARynv‡Z mwiqv uvovb, Z‡e Zuvnviv DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß Zuvnv‡ì c~e©cyi“l‡ì Ag~j¨ m¤ú` nB‡Z ewÂZ nB‡eb gvÎ|Ó

wZwb mvwnZ¨ wekvi`‡K † ªvYvPvh© Ges Zuvi wkl¨ W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK‡K ARy©b AvL¨v w`‡q †j‡LbÑ ÒGB cÖexY Ges bexb K…ZxØ‡qi M‡elYv Øviv e½ mvwn‡Zï †h AÁvZ Z_¨ Avwe®‹vi nBqv‡Q Zv e½ mvwn‡Zï GKwU AÜKvi Aa¨vq‡K D‡b¥vwPZ Kwiqv‡Q| Bnvi Afv‡e Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm iPbvq †h weNœ NwUZ, Zvnv fvwe‡jB AuvZ‡K DwV‡Z nq|Ó mvwnZ¨ wekvi` evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K †èf~wg †_‡K bvwg‡q gvwUi c„w_ex‡Z wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| Kwe †`ŠjZ KvRx I AvjvIj Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ gvbeZvi Avg`vwb K‡ib me©cÖ_g| †`ŠjZ KvRx I AvjvIj‡K Ges Zv‡ì mvwnZ¨ KxwZ©‡K `xN© M‡elYvi d‡j Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m Aš—f©y³ K‡ib wZwb| Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` PÆMÖv‡gi cwUqv _vbvi myPµ`Êx MÖv‡g 1871 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 1893 mv‡j cwUqv nvB¯‹zj †_‡K G›UªvÝ cvm K‡ib (evsjvwcwWqv 1g LÛ)| 1895 mvj Aewa wZwb wQ‡jb H AÂ‡ji GKgvÎ GdG cvm QvÎ (GBPGmwmi mgZzj¨)| wZwb wKQyw`b mxZvKzÊ ga¨ Bs‡iwR ¯‹z‡j wk¶KZv K‡ib| †jLv‡jwLi gva¨‡g Kwe bexb †m‡bi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡mb| bexb †mb wQ‡jb ZLb wefvMxq Kwgkbv‡ii wcGm| wZwb Kwgkbvi Awd‡m mvwnZ¨ wekvi`‡K †Kivwbi c‡` wb‡qvM K‡ib (1898)| GB c‡` †_‡K wZwb PÆMÖv‡gi mvßvwnK Ô†R¨vwZÕ cwÎKvq GKwU weÁvcb †`b †h, †KD cyuw_i cvÊywjwc msMÖn K‡i w`‡j Zv‡K GK eQ‡ii †R¨vwZ cwÎKv webvg~‡j¨ Dcnvi †`qv n‡e| Zuvi GB KvR KZ©„c‡¶i Kv‡Q miKvwi wbqgewnf~©Z g‡b nIqvq Zuv‡K PvKwi †_‡K eiLv — Kiv nq Ges Kwe bexb †mb‡K Ab¨Î e`wj K‡i †`qv nq| Gici A‡bKw`b wZwb †eKvi wQ‡jb| c‡i PÆMÖvg wefv‡Mi ¯‹zj BÝ‡c±i mvwnwZ¨K Ave yj Kwig Zuvi Awd‡m mvwnZ¨ wekvi`‡K †Kivwbi c‡` wbhy³ K‡ib| 1934 mv‡j wZwb Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| 1953 mv‡ji 30 †m‡Þ¤î ^MÖv‡g Zuvi g„Zz nq| wZwb QvÎRxeb †_‡K cyuw_i cvÊywjwc msMÖ‡n wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi RxebKv‡ji g‡a¨ wZwb AvovB nvRv‡iiI †ewk cyuyw_i cvÊywjwc msMÖn K‡ib| Gi Ici A‡bK¸‡jv M‡elYvg~jK cÖeÜ iPbv K‡ib| Zuvi MÖ‡š’i

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wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gÄywi Kwgk‡bi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| 1956 mv‡j wZwb fviZxq ivR¨mfvi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡j RInijvj †bni“ Zuv‡K †K› ªxq wmwfj Gwf‡qk‡bi cÖwZgš¿x wbhy³ K‡ib Ges 1958 mv‡j wZwb wk¶vgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| 1957 †_‡K 1969 mvj ch©š— wZwb cwðge‡½i ewkinvU GjvKv †_‡K †jvKmfvi wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ wQ‡jb| GB mgq KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i wb‡ ©k Agvb¨ K‡i k¤¢y wgÎ, Z…wß wgÎ, myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vqmn eû cvwU© m`m¨ Zuvi c‡¶ cÖPviYv Pvwj‡q cvwU© †_‡K ewn®‹…Z n‡qwQ‡jb| cwÊZ †bni“i g„Zz i ci wZwb jvjevnv yi kv ¿xi gwš¿mfvq cybivq wk¶vgš¿xi c` jvf K‡ib| Bw›ìv MvÜxi mgq wZwb †jvKmfvi m`m¨ c` Ges Ks‡MÖm Z¨vM K‡i Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ mn‡hvMx Kgx©‡ì wb‡q evsjv Ks‡MÖm cvwU© MVb K‡ib| Bw›ìv MvÜx Ri“wi Ae ’v †NvlYv K‡i ivRë¨vcx Zvi cÖwZc‡¶i cÖwZ †h Ab¨vq AvPiY K‡iwQ‡jb ûgvqyb Kwei Zuvi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges cÖavbgš¿x Bw›ìv MvÜx Zuv‡K gv ªv‡Ri Mfb©i c` w`‡Z PvB‡j wZwb Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| cwðge‡½ hy³d«›U MV‡bi e¨vcv‡i wZwb †bZ…Z¡ vbKvixi f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib|

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mvwn‡Zï †¶‡Î Zuvi Ae`vb AZzjbxq| KweZv, Mí, Dcb¨vm cÖf„wZ wj‡L h‡_ó †MŠie AR©b K‡i‡Qb| A·‡dv‡W© covïbv K‡iI wZwb Zuvi eÜz-evÜe‡ì g‡Zv we‡jwZ mv‡ne n‡q hvbwb| mviv Rxeb LÏ‡ii cvRvgv-cvÄvwe c‡i mvaviY Rxebhvcb K‡i‡Qb| AgvwqK eënvi, gvwR©Z i“wP, cÖMwZkxj f~wgKvi Rb¨ KjKvZvi myaxgn‡j wZwb mK‡ji kª×vfvRb e¨w³‡Z cwiYZ nb| Kv‡eï †¶‡Î wZwb iex› ªbv_, bRi“j Z_v G †`‡ki HwZn¨‡K AbymiY Ki‡Zb| Zuvi Kve¨Mª‡š’i g‡a¨ ^cœmva (1928), mv_x (1930), Aóv`kx (1938) cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| D y© †_‡K gmÏ‡m nvj©xÕi evsjv Abyev` K‡i wZwb Abb¨ K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq †`b| wÎk `k‡K Zuvi †jLv wewfbœ †QvUMí cÖKvwkZ nq, KL‡bv ^bv‡g, KL‡bvev QÙbv‡g| 1945 mv‡j Zuvi †jLv Ôb`x I bvixÕ bv‡gi Dcb¨vmwU cÖKvwkZ nq Ges wKQyw`b ci GKB eQi Gi GKwU Bs‡iwR ms¯‹iYI cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi GB Dcb¨v‡m cÙvb`xi cwi‡e‡k evOvwj gymwjg mgvR Rxe‡bi myL- yt‡Li GK ev —e Qwe Dc ’vwcZ nq| 1965 mv‡j GwU XvKvq Pjw”PÎvwqZ nq| wZwb KweZv, Mí, Dcb¨v‡mi cvkvcvwk evsjv I Bs‡iwR fvlvq mvwnZ¨, wk¶vbxwZ, `k©b I mgvRZË¡ wel‡q †gŠwjK cÖeÜ iPbv K‡ib| MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ôevsjvi Kve¨Õ Zuvi Agi KxwZ©, GKwU wPivqZ MÖš’| GQvovI kir mvwn‡Zï g~jZË¡ (1942), gvK©m&ev` (1951), wk¶v I wk¶v_x© (1957), bqv fvi‡Zi wk¶v (1955), mv‡qÝ †W‡gv‡µwm GÛ Bmjvg (1955), gymwjg cwjwUKm& Bb †e½j (1943)-mn cÖvq 45wU MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv wZwb| cÖ_g Rxe‡b wZwb A‡bK bvUK wj‡LwQ‡jb, †h¸‡jv AwfbxZI n‡qwQj| wKš‘ wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Zv cy —vKvKv‡i cÖKvk cvqwb| GQvov m¤úv`K wn‡m‡eI Zuvi i‡q‡Q cÖPzi L¨vwZ| bIMuv †K.wW. nvB¯‹z‡j Aa¨qbiZ Ae ’vq wZwb ¯‹zj g¨vMvwRb m¤úv`bv K‡ib (1920)| K‡j‡R covi mgq K‡jR g¨vMvwRb (1926)| A·‡dv‡W© _vKvKvjxb Sis I Cherwell bvgK `ywU cwÎKv m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb| A·‡dvW© †_‡K †`‡k wd‡i 1932 mv‡j Ôev‡ivgvwmÕ bv‡gi GKwU gvwmK cwÎKv m¤úv`bv K‡ib| wZwb 1939-69 ch©š— m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb ÔPZzi½Õ bv‡gi AZ¨š— DuPzgv‡bi GKwU ˆÎgvwmK evsjv mvgwqK cÎ| evsjv mvgwqK c‡Îi BwZnv‡m GB bvg GL‡bv D¾¡j n‡q Av‡Q| fvi‡Zi wk¶vgš¿x Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv‡ì mwPe _vKvKv‡j AvRv‡ì India Wins Freedom MÖ‡š’i Aby‡jLK wn‡m‡e Zuvi L¨vwZ Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡Z¡i mvwbœa¨ jvf K‡i Avwg ab¨ n‡qwQ| Zvi ¯¿x kvwš— †eŠwì †mœn-ggZvq wm³ n‡qwQ| Zvi g‡Zv wn› y-gymjgvb wgj‡bi †mZz hw` mgv‡R Av‡iv wKQy Rb¥v‡Zv, Zvn‡j me †c‡qwQi †`k bv Ki‡Z cvi‡jI wn› y-gymjgv‡bi wgwjZ GKwU my›ì †`k M‡o Zzj‡Z cviZvg| Zvi Kv‡QB wk‡LwQjvgÑ wn› y bq, gymjgvb bq, gbyl¨Z¡B gvby‡li cÖ_g cwiPq| cÂvk `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K Zvi ¿x kvwš— †eŠw` Ges Kb¨v jvqjv‡K wb‡q wZwb Avgv‡K †mŠ‡gb VvKz‡ii `xwN bv‡gi GKwU b„Z¨bvU¨ †`L‡Z wb‡q hvb KjKvZvi wbD G¤úvqv‡i| GB b„Z¨bv‡U¨ †b‡PwQ‡jb L¨vZbvgv Awf‡bÎx kwg©jv VvKzi| Avgv‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`b VvKzi cwiev‡ii D¾¡j b¶Î, fvi‡Zi KwgDbw÷ Av‡›`vj‡bi †Mvovi w`‡Ki †bZv wecøex KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i cÖavb, †mŠ‡g› ª bv_ VvKz‡ii m‡½| †mŠg¨ `k©b, DbœZ jjvU, `xN©‡`nx, †MŠieY© GK Abycg †mŠ›`‡h©i AwaKvix †mŠ‡gb VvKz‡ii m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡Z †c‡i †mw`b Me©‡eva K‡iwQjvg| Gfv‡e ûgvqyb Kwei cwiev‡ii m‡½ Avgvi GKUv NwbôZv M‡o I‡V| Avwg 1953 mv‡j myB‡W‡bi ÷K‡nv‡g wek¦kvwš— m‡¤§j‡b †hvM †`qvi Rb¨ Avgwš¿Z nB| Avš—R©vwZK cvm‡cvU© wiwbD Kivi Rb¨ ìLv — Kwi| ZLb cvwK —vb miKvi Avgvi cvm‡cvU© ev‡Rqvß K‡i| 19 eQi cvm‡cvU© Rã K‡i ivLvi d‡j Zuvi m‡½ Avi †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Ki‡Z cvwiwb| 1957 mvj| wZwb ZLb fvi‡Zi wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ gš¿x| gIjvbv fvmvbxi AvnŸv‡b †deª“qvwi gv‡m KvMgvix ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡Z c~e© cvwK —v‡b G‡mwQ‡jb| ZLb Zvi m‡½ Avgvi †kl †`Lv| wZwb Avgv‡K mvwnZ¨PP©v Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Dc‡`k †`b| Gcvi evsjvq emevmKvix Zvi fvB AvjgMxi Kwei, AvKei Kwei Ges wd‡ivR Kwe‡ii m‡½ Avgvi mym¤úK© wQj| Zv‡ì gv, GKRb iZœ cÖmwebx Rbbx| ûgvqyb Kexi wQ‡jb Avgvi ivR‰bwZK ¸i“| GiKg GKRb kZvãxi dyj‡K hw` Avgiv Rbm¤§y‡L Zz‡j ai‡Z cvwi, Zuvi Rxe‡bi Ges Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì AÜKvi mgv‡R Av‡jv dzU‡e e‡j Avwg Avkv ivwL| wewfbœ ¸‡Y ¸Yvwš^Z GB e¨w³ †`‡k-we‡`‡k eû wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avgš¿Y †c‡q‡Qb Ges A·‡dv‡W© AvBb÷vBb I iv‡m‡ji Ici wZwb nve©vU© ¯úÝvi e³„Zv w`‡q‡Qb| Gwkqv †_‡K †hvM`vbKvix‡ì g‡a¨ wZwbB cÖ_g n‡qwQ‡jb| ms¯‹…wZi wewfbœ †¶‡Î Ae`v‡bi ^xK…wZ¯iƒc wZwb AvjxMo (1958), AvbœvBgvjvB (1959),

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LqivMo (ga¨cÖ‡`k, 1961), wek¦fviZx, gnxk~i I G‡_Ý wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K m¤§vbm~PK wW. wjU ev mgch©v‡qi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| ûgvqyb Kwei wQ‡jb Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, Jcb¨vwmK, `vk©wbK, ivRbxwZK, wPš—vwe`, AmvaviY †gavex, GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki GKRb cÖev`cÖwZg e¨w³| GZ ¸‡Yi mgvnvi K`vwPr GKRb e¨w³i g‡a¨ _v‡K| Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvi AwaKvix GB gnvcÖvY e¨w³, Avgvi ivR‰bwZK ¸i“ 1969 mv‡ji 18 AvM÷ ü`‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib| 26 †deª“qvwi 2006

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w`‡Z| †`‡LwQ wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v Ki‡Z| †`k ^vaxb nevi ciI hLb †KD D”P ^‡i GB †¯øvMvb †`q, Auvr‡K DwV f‡q| Ggwbfv‡e AZx‡Zi GB gnvb `yÕwU †¯øvMvb cwiYZ nq åvZ… nZ¨vi †¯øvMv‡b| gkvj Av‡jvI †`q, NiI †cvovq| GUv wbf©i K‡i gkvj Kvi nv‡Z| yR©‡bi nv‡Z gkvj wec¾bK| RInijvj †bni“i PÆMÖvg AvMgb Avgvi QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡b †hvM`vb‡K QvÎ Ks‡MÖ‡m Avgvi cyi‡bv eÜziv g‡b cÖv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Zviv fve‡Zb, Avwg KwgDwb÷‡ì †Q‡jaiv duv‡` c‡owQ| ivRbxwZi †P‡q mvwnZ¨ KivB wQj Avgvi Rb¨ †kªq| weªwUk miKv‡ii Aax‡b mviv fvi‡Z †kl wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq ¯Zš¿ wbe©vPb cÖ_vi wfwË‡Z| IB wbe©vP‡b PÆMÖv‡g Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖv_x© n‡qwQ‡jb kÖxhy³v †bjx †mb¸ßv Avi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i cÖv_x© wQ‡jb PÆMÖvg we‡ ªv‡ni AwMœKb¨v Kg‡iW Kíbv `Ë| †m mgq RInijvj †bni“ †`kwcÖq hZx› ª‡gvnb †mb¸‡ßi mnawg©bx kªxhy³v †bjx †mb¸ßvi c¶ n‡q hLb wbe©vPbx cÖPviYvi Rb¨ PÆMÖv‡g Av‡mb, ZLb Avwg QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi Kgx©| †bjx †mb¸ßv GKRb we‡`wk gwnjv| GK mgq wbwLj fviZ Ks‡MÖm KwgwUi mfv‡bÎx wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| fviZe¨vcx wQj Zuvi B‡gR| Kíbv `Ë wQ‡jb †bjx †mb¸ßvi cÖwZc¶ cÖv_x©| PÆMÖvg A ¿vMvi `L‡ji Amxg mvnmx exiKb¨v| Avwg Kíbv `‡Ëi c‡¶ cÖPviYvq bvwg| wbe©vP‡b Ks‡MÖm cÖv_x© †bjx †mb¸ßvi Kv‡Q KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i cÖv_x© Kíbv `Ë Aí †fv‡U †n‡i hvb| †bjx †mb¸ßvi ^vgx †`kwcÖq hZx› ª‡gvnb †mb¸ß wQ‡jb GKRb me©fviZxq †bZv| GKB m‡½ e½xq eë¯’vcK cwil‡ì m`m¨, wbwLj fviZ Ks‡MÖm KwgwUi †cÖwm‡W›U Ges cuvPevi KjKvZv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi wbe©vwPZ †gqi, wÎgyKzUavix| 1920-21 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g weªwUk w÷gvi †Kv¤úvwbi wei“‡× †h ag©NU I Av‡›`vjb PjwQj †mb¸ß wQ‡jb Zvi cy‡ivfv‡M| cywjk Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡j nvRvi nvRvi †jvK iv¯—vq †ewi‡q Av‡m| Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq hLb Pv evMv‡bi kªwgKiv weªwUk gvwj‡Ki wei“‡× Av‡›`vj‡b kvwgj n‡q Pvbcyi †÷k‡b R‡ov nq, ZLb Zv‡ì Ici cywjk †ec‡ivqv AvµgY Pvjvq| GB ee©iZvi wei“‡× PÆMÖv‡gi RbMY i“‡L ùvovq| ïi“ nq Avmvg-†e½j †ijI‡q ag©NU| GB ag©NU ZrKvjxb ivRbxwZ‡Z e¨vcK Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i| Gi †bZ…Z¡ †`b †`kwcÖq hZx› ª‡gvnb †mb¸ß, †kL-G-PvUMuvg Kv‡Rg Avjx gv÷vi| MvÜxwR PÆMÖv‡g G‡m ej‡jb Chittagong to the fore. G mgq Pwjøk nvRvi UvKv FY K‡i hZx› ª‡gvnb GB HwZnvwmK ag©N‡U AskMÖnYKvix kªwgK‡ì cwiev‡ii fiY‡cvlY Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb| †mB †_‡K wZwb †`kwcÖq bv‡g L¨vZ| ew›` Ae ’vq 1933 mv‡j wZwb g„Zz eiY K‡ib| yt‡Li K_v, ingZMÄ ’ Zuvi evwoi †h e¨vjKwb †_‡K wZwb IB mgq RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k fvlY w`‡Zb, †mB evwowU cvwK —vb Avg‡j ûKzg `Lj K‡i GK AevOvwj‡K †`qv nq g‡ì evi Kivi Rb¨| †`k ^vaxb nIqvi ciI †mb¸‡ßi ¯§„wZweRwoZ G evwo‡K weªwUkwe‡ivax ^vaxbZv hy‡×i Rv yNi †Kb Kiv n‡jv bv

Zv Avgvi Kv‡Q GK we¯§q| Av‡Mi K_vq wd‡i Avwm| IB mgq ê`¨bv_ G‡m Avgv‡K Zv‡ì GKwU mfvq wb‡q †Mj| GB mfvq Ave`yj nK †`vfvl Ges ei`v b›`x‡K h_vµ‡g mfvcwZ I m¤úv`K K‡i MwVZ nq RInijvj †bni“i Rb¨ GKwU Af¨_©bv KwgwU| ê`¨bv_ wQj Gi hyM¥m¤úv`K| Avgvi AvcwË m‡Ë¡I Avgv‡K Kiv n‡jv Zvi mn‡hvMx| G wb‡q KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z Avgvi weiƒc mgv‡jvPbv n‡qwQj| KviY Kíbv `Ë wQ‡jb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i g‡bvbxZ cÖv_x©| NUbv GLv‡bB _v‡gwb| Ave`yj nK †`vfvl wQ‡jb PÆMÖvg wmwU gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ| dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix PÆMÖvg †Rjv gymwjg jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K ïay bb, gymjgvb‡ì GKRb cÖZvckvjx †bZv| wZwb †`vfvl‡K †Uwj‡dvb K‡i ej‡jb, RInijvj †bni“ Ks‡MÖ‡mi †bZv, gymjgvb‡ì kÎ“, cvwK —vbwe‡ivax| Zvi Af¨_©bv KwgwU‡Z Avcwb Kx K‡i mfvcwZ n‡jb| †`vfvl Ks‡MÖ‡mi mykvš— †PŠayix‡K †W‡K cvVv‡jb| wZwb †`vfv‡li Kv‡Q GKv †h‡Z mvnm †c‡jb bv| KviY †`vfvl A¶wZKi PvU‡Mu‡q fvlvq Mvwj w`‡Z Af¨¯— wQ‡jb| mykvš— †PŠayix, ê`¨bv_ Ges Avgv‡K wb‡q †`vfv‡li evwo‡Z †M‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡ì †`‡LB AK_¨ fvlvq MvjvMvwj ïi“ Ki‡jb| ej‡jb, †Zvgiv Avgv‡K wK duv‡` †d‡j‡Qv| Avwg iwdDwÏb wmwÏKxi bvwZ nIqvq wZwbI Avgv‡K bvwZ WvK‡Zb| †mœnf‡i WvK‡Zb kvjv| ej‡jb, kvjv, ZyB yB †bŠKvZ K¨v †Vs w`qQ? KÕw`b Av‡M Kíbv `Ë‡i jvB Avmwmwj Auvi Zzb †Uuqv jBevi jvB| GLb Avevi †bjx †mb¸ßvi jvq fxwi †MBqQ Kx-Aj¨vB| Avwg ejjvg, Avwg GL‡bv Kíbv `‡Ëi c‡¶B AvwQ| wKš‘ RInijvj n‡”Qb G †`‡ki GKRb me‡P‡q m¤§vbx †bZv| Avcbvi bvg ï‡b PvUMuv

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Avm‡Qb| Avcwb mfvcwZ _vK‡Z ivwR bv n‡j PÆMÖv‡gi e`bvg n‡e| wZwb Avevi Avgv‡ì MvjvMvwj K‡i ej‡jb, dRj Kvwìv‡i AuvB bÕ WivB| †Zvivi Kx Kx jvMxe Auv‡i KÕ, AuvB †eqvLxb w`qg| Ggwb wQj Ave yj nK †`vfv‡li Amv¤cÖ vwqK D`vi PwiÎ| mykvš— †PŠayix ej‡jb, Avgv‡ì †ewk wKQyi ìKvi †bB| ïay †bni“‡K Avbvi Rb¨ Avcbvi MvwowU ìKvi| †`vfvl Zvi wcÖq wn› y g¨v‡bRvi‡K (bvg g‡b co‡Q bv) †W‡K ej‡jb, Mvwoqvb dIA‡jv‡i w` `¨vI| Iiv hZw`b Pvq eënvi Ki‡e| AK…Z`vi mykvš— †PŠayix Avgvi gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi eÜz wQ‡jb| Avgv‡K Avì K‡i WvK‡Zb fvwMbv KvbvB| _vK‡Zb Av›ìwKjøvq wÎcyiv gWvb© e¨vs‡Ki †cQ‡b| e·xi nvU cywjk duvwoi cv‡k| GKvË‡i nvbv`vi evwnbx Zv‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| Avgv‡K eÇ †mœn Ki‡Zb| †`Lv n‡j Avwg cv‡q a‡i cÖYvg Ki‡Z PvB‡j wZwb Avgv‡K ey‡K Rwo‡q ai‡Zb| PÆMÖvg K‡jR †nv‡÷‡ji mvg‡b c¨v‡iW gq`v‡bi wekvj Rbmfvq RInijvj fvlY w`‡jb| ej‡jb, Kíbv GKRb exi jvowK| wKš‘ GB msKU gyn~‡Z© Avgv‡ì †bjx †mb¸ßvi g‡Zv †bÎxi cÖ‡qvRb| mfvi cÖvi‡¤¢ Avgvi eÜz myPwiZ †PŠayix Ges Av‡iv K‡qKRb wg‡j AvRv`-wn›` †dŠ‡Ri KIwg m½xZ, K`g K`g evov‡q hv, Lywk wK MxZ Mv‡q hv; G wR‡›`wM nvq KIg Kx, KIg †c jyUv‡q hv MvbwU †M‡qwQj| Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †f‡m DVj e¨vwi÷v‡ii Kv‡jv MvDb civ RInijvj †bni“| w`jøxi jvj‡Kjøvq AvRv`-wn›` †dŠ‡Ri exi‡hv×v‡ì n‡q AvBwb jovB Ki‡Qb| mfvi †kl ch©v‡q gvBK eÜ n‡q wM‡qwQj| Ks‡MÖm †bZviv ejvewj KiwQ‡jb GUv KwgDwb÷‡ì KvR| Ggwb wQj KwgDwb÷‡ì cÖwZ I‡ì g‡bvfve| hv‡nvK, Rxe‡b RInijvj †bni“‡K cÖ_g †`Ljvg| Avi †Kv_vI bq, Avgvi PÆMÖv‡g| †k¦Z ïå LÏ‡ii †Pv — cvqRvgv, †kiIqvwb Ges MvÜx Uzwc cwiwnZ GK Aciv‡Rq g~wZ©| Avgvi RxebKv‡ji wek¦L¨vZ †miv e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ RInijvj †bni“ Avgv‡K eÇ †ewk Kv‡Q Uv‡b| Zuvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b eû Aš—Ø©›Ø Av‡Q| wKš‘ Zuvi †jLvq †Kv‡bv Aš—Ø©›Ø †bB| Zv m‡Zï g‡Zv cwi®‹vi, ^”Q-Aš—‡f© x| Zuvi wZbwU MÖš’ ÔAvZ¥RxebxÕ, ÔfviZ mÜv‡bÕ Ges Ôwek¦ BwZnvm cÖm½Õ Avgvi Kv‡Q g‡b nq †hb wZbwU gnvKve¨| RInijvj †bni“ hw` fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x bvI n‡Zb, GB wZbwU MÖ‡š’i Rb¨ wZwb Agi n‡q _vK‡Zb| cvwK —vb cÖwZwôZ nIqvi `xN©w`‡bi g‡aÏ Gi RvZxq msm` GKwU msweavb iPbv Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš‘ fviZxq cvj©v‡g›U GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ RvwZ‡K Dcnvi w`‡qwQj fviZxq msweavb| †bni“ Zuvi gwš¿mfvq AvBbgš¿x wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ K‡iwQ‡jb `wjZ‡ì †bZv W. Av‡¤^ Ki‡K| Av‡¤^ Ki iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb fviZxq BDwbq‡bi msweavb| Av‡¤^ Ki‡K w`‡qB †bni“ msm‡` GB msweavb Dc ’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| msweav‡bi GKwU Aby‡”Q‡` †jLv n‡qwQj Untouchability is hereby abolished and its practice punishable under the law. g‡b Av‡Q, GB Aby‡”Q`wU covi mgq msm‡` mevB ùvwo‡q nvZZvwj w`‡q G gnv †NvlYvi mg_©b w`‡qwQ‡jb| Gfv‡e †bni“ eY©vkª‡g RR©woZ, A¯ú„k¨Zvq wbcxwoZ, hyM hyM a‡i ewÂZ `wjZ‡ì me©‡¶‡Î AMÖvwaKv‡ii `vwe‡K mvg‡b wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| Zv cvwjZ nq wK-bv †mUv Ab¨ K_v| wKš‘ GUv wQj m‡PZbZvi ms‡KZ| ê`¨bv_ Avi Avwg bv‡gi †bkvq Gjvnvev‡` †bni“‡ì cÖvmv‡`vcg Avb›` feb †`L‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| g‡b n‡qwQj wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o GKwU ivRcªvmv`| IB mgq RInijv‡ji †QvU‡evb K…òvnvwZ wms‡qi Ô†Kv‡bv †L` †bBÕ eBwU c‡owQ| †R‡bwQ, Avb›` fe‡bi Af¨š—ixY weeZ©‡bi BwZnvm| ZLb Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q| gwZjvj †bni“ Av‡›`vj‡bi Wv‡K AvBb †ckv †Q‡o w`‡q mve©¶wYK ivRbxwZ PP©v Ki‡Qb| Ggb mgq Zvi evwo‡Z GK g‡°j G‡m ej‡jb, m¨vi Avgvi GB †KBmwU Avcbv‡K wb‡ZB n‡e| Avcwb hZ UvKv Pvb Avwg †`‡ev| ev·fwZ© UvKv wb‡q G‡m‡Q Zuvi g‡°j| eo cxovcxwo‡ZI hLb †Km wbw”Q‡jb bv ZLb g‡°j Zuvi cv‡q a‡i wgbwZ K‡i ej‡jb, Avcwb hv Pvb ZvB †`‡ev| †KmwU Avcbvi wb‡ZB n‡e, m¨vi| gwZjvj Zuvi †QvU †g‡q K…òvnvwZ wms‡qi w`‡K A½ywj wb‡ ©k K‡i ej‡jb, Avgvi †QvU †g‡qwU hw` Avcbvi cÖ —v‡e ivwR nq, Zvn‡j Avwg wPš—v K‡i †`Le| K…òv‡K Kv‡Q WvKv n‡jv| ej‡jb, gv, Dwb ev·fwZ© UvKv wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| Avwg Zvi gvgjvwU jovi Rb¨| Avwg wK gvgjvwU †b‡ev? Zzwg ej‡j †b‡ev| K…òv ej‡jb, bv evev Zzwg †KmwU wbI bv, bxwZ f½ Ki bv| gwZjvj g‡°j‡K ej‡jb, †`Lyb Avgvi †QvU †g‡qwU ch©š— ivwR n‡”Q bv| Avwg Avcbvi †Km wb‡Z cvie bv| GB wQj Avb›` fe‡bi ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek| K…òvi †jLvq AviI c‡owQ Ñ ÒZv‡ì RxebvPiY Ges jvBd ÷vBj cwieZ©‡bi K_v| gnvZ¥v MvÜx Zv‡ì evwo‡Z G‡m Kx K‡i Zv‡ì evwoi g~jëvb AvmevecÎ mwi‡q w`‡jb, Kx K‡i Zv‡ì gvwU‡Z e‡m †L‡Z wkLv‡jb, wejvmx ªe¨ eR©b Kivi †cÖiYv †hvMv‡jb Ñ Zvi K_v| MvÜxwR wb‡ ©k w`‡jb, wb‡Ri nv‡Z my‡Zv †K‡U

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†mB my‡Zvq Zuv‡Z Kvco ey‡b †Zvgv‡ì GLb †_‡K LÏi ci‡Z n‡e| K…òv imv‡jvfv‡e wj‡L‡Qb, evcywR †Zv Rv‡bb bv †gvUv fvwi LÏ‡ii kvwo civ †h KZ KóKi| Avi Zv‡K ay‡Z †h AviI KóKi, Zv wZwb eyS‡eb Kx K‡i| wZwb †Zv c‡ob ^í gv‡ci †KŠwcb|Ó GB †h Avb›` fe‡bi cwieZ©b, GUv Avgv‡K Lye †ewk AvK…ó K‡i| Avgvi g‡b nq, RInijvj †bni“i Ôwek¦ BwZnvm cÖm½Õ GBP.wR.I‡qjm-Gi ÔIqvì© wnw÷ªÕi †P‡q †ewk AvKl©Yxq Ges myLcvV¨| Ôwek¦ BwZnvm cÖm½Õ c‡o Rxe‡b Avwg hv wk‡LwQ Zvi Zzjbv †bB| Zuvi AvZ¥Rxebxi Epilogue, Ñ Dcmsmnvi Ges wZwb gviv †M‡j Zuvi †`nf¯§ wb‡q wK Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wZwb When I die bv‡gi DB‡j wj‡L †i‡L †M‡Qb| Zvi IqvwmqvZbvgv bqvw`jøxi 3bs AvIi½‡Re GwfwbDi †`qv‡j gv‡e©‡j †Lv`vB Kiv Av‡Q| GB yÕwU †jLv Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q †hb c„w_exi †kªô yÕwU KweZvÑ Zv GLv‡b Bs‡iwR‡Z D×„Z Kivi †jvf mvgjv‡Z cvijvg bv| fvlvš—i Kijvg bv Gi †mŠ›`h© Ges fvlvMZ †mŠKh© bó n‡e e‡j| neû Zv wb‡P Zz‡j w`jvg| AvZ¥Rxebxi Dcmsnvi, Epilogue The years I have spent in prison! Sitting alone, wrapped in my thoughts, how many seasons I have seen go by, following each other into oblivion! How many moons I have watched wax and wane, and the pageant of the stars moving along inexorably and majestically! How many yesterdays of my youth lie buried here; and sometime I see the ghosts of these dead yesterdays rise up, bringing poignant memories, and whispering to me : “Was it worth while?” There is no hesitation about the answer. If I were given the chance to go through my life again, with my present knowledge and experience added, I would no doubt try to make many changes in my personal life; I would endeavour to improve in many ways on what I had previously done, but my major decisions in public affairs would remain untouched. Indeed, I could not vary them, for they were stronger than myself, and a force beyond my control drove me to them. IqvwmqvZbvgv, When I Die Although, I have never been a believer in formal religion but in deference to the ancient religions of India I have agreed that my body should be burnt at the stake and the ashes carried to the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Jamuna, ultimately to be carried to the great oceans that washes India’s shores, the remainder of the ashes to be taken by planes into skies above India to be strewn over the land on which the peasants of India toil. Zuvi g„Zz¨‡Z AvKvkevYx †_‡K †èeªZ wek¦vm, Avgv‡ì RR© v, †h †kv‡Ki Mvb †M‡qwQ‡jb Ñ

Av‡Q ytL, Av‡Q g„Zz , wein`nb jv‡M| ZeyI kvwš—, Zey Avb›`, Zey Abš— Rv‡M \ Zey cÖvY wbZäviv, nv‡m m~h© P› ª Zviv, emš— wbKz‡Ä Av‡m wewPÎ iv‡M \ Zi½ wgjv‡q hvq Zi½ D‡V, Kzmyg Swiqv c‡o Kzmyg dz‡U| bvwn ¶q, bvwn †kl, bvwn bvwn ˆ`b¨‡jkÑ †mB c~Y©Zvi cv‡q gb ’vb gv‡M \

GB Mvb ï‡b †Pv‡Li Rj a‡i ivL‡Z cvwiwb| †h gnvPx‡bi gyw³i hy‡× †bni“ †hv×vi †e‡k †h‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb, †h bqvPxb‡K Awej‡¤^ ^xK…wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb, †h Pxb‡K m‡½ wb‡q c„w_exi Z…Zxq wkwei M‡o †Zvjvi Av‡›`vj‡b †b‡gwQ‡jb, ZuviB B”Qvq fvi‡Z †PŠ Gb jvB‡qi AvMg‡b wnw›`-Pxwb fvB fvB aŸwbZ n‡qwQj; †mB Px‡bi m‡½ hy‡× wjß nIqvi †e`bv Zvi gvbwmK hš¿Yvi KviY n‡q D‡VwQj| †evanq †m Kvi‡YB Zuvi g„Zy GZ Z¡ivwš^Z nq|

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†c‡qwQjvg| Avwg Zuv‡K KZ fv‡jvevmZvg, Zuvi RxweZ Ae¯’vq Gi †Kv‡bv ewntcÖKvk wQj bv| g„Zzï ciB Abyfe Kijvg c„w_ex‡Z Avwg KZ GKv| IB eQiB wW‡m¤î gv‡mi w`‡K Avwg K`jcyi n‡q PÆMÖvg kn‡i P‡j Avwm| PÆMÖv‡gi weL¨vZ PvK&ZvB eëmv †K‡› ª †gR gvgvi Pvj, Wvj, wcuqvR Ges wm‡g‡›Ui AvoZ wQj| Avgvi wZb gvgvi bv‡gi m‡½ Avng` kãwU wQj, Avi Ave yj jwZd wQ‡jb Avgvi bvbv| GB Kvi‡Y gvgv †`vKvbwUi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb Avng` Ave yj jwZd| GB eëmvwU †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡Zb †QvU gvgv| wZwb ILv‡bB _vK‡Zb| ZL‡bv Zvi we‡q-kvw` nqwb| Avwg G‡m †`Ljvg AvoZwU †gvUvgywU k~b¨| Pvj, Wvj me wewµ n‡q †M‡Q| ZLbKvi w`‡b evg©v †_‡K Pvj Avg`vwb Kiv n‡Zv| IB Pvj Avo‡Z Zz‡j eëmvqxiv †ePv‡Kbv Ki‡Zv| evg©vi mieivn eÜ n‡q hvIqvi d‡j kn‡ii †Kv‡bv Pv‡ji Avo‡Z †Zgb Pvj wQj bv| IB mgq gybvdv‡Lvi gv‡ovqvwiiv Gme AvoZ †_‡K Kg`v‡g cÖPzi Pvj-Wvj wK‡b D”P jv‡fi Avkvq wewfbœ ¸`v‡g gRyZ K‡i ivL‡Zv| †`Ljvg, †QvU gvgv ZLbKvi w`‡b mv¤úv‡b K‡i †jvK cvwV‡q weIwm †_‡K b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ cÖwZw`b cÂvk wUb †K‡ivwmb msMÖn Ki‡Zb Ges Zv †ewk `v‡g wewµ K‡i †Kv‡bv iK‡g †`vKv‡bi LiP Ges jvj`xwNi cwðg Zx‡i Aew ’Z †gR gvgvi cwiev‡ii LiP Pvjv‡Zb| †Kv‡bv cY¨ b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ wewµ bv K‡i RbM‡Yi Pvwn`vi my‡hvM wb‡q D”P g~‡j¨ wewµ Kiv‡K ejv n‡Zv eø¨vK gv‡K©wUs| hy‡×i mgq GB kãwU Pvjy nq| RbmvaviY N„Yvi m‡½ G kãwU eënvi Ki‡Zv| K‡qKw`b ci Avwg †gR gvgvi evmvq P‡j Avwm| †gR gvgv PÆMÖv‡gi gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ Z…Zxq e¨w³, whwb 1937 mv‡j Ryejx IfviwmR e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv GÛ evg©v wj. Ges Ryejx BÝy ‡iÝ bv‡g GKwU BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZôv K‡ib| evg©vi †i½yb, AvwKqve, Avmv‡gi wWeª“Mo, wWM&eq Ges KjKvZvmn †ek K‡qKwU AÂ‡j e¨vsK I BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi kvLv wQj| †ev‡¤^ Ges gv ªv‡RI Gi kvLv †Lvjv n‡qwQj| GKB mg‡q PÆMÖv‡g Lvbevnv yi Ave ym mvËvi, mvËvi e¨vsK I Ave yj Lv‡jK R‡Ri cyÎ b~i“j Bmjvg Kg‡iW e¨vsK cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb Ñ GB ywU e¨vsKI †ewkw`b †U‡Kwb| wn›`y‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g e¨vsK, gnvj²x e¨vsK cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb Ks‡MÖm †bZv gwng `vm| ZvI hy‡×i ci ci eÜ n‡q hvq| d‡Zqvev‡ì wg. bvM †jvb †Kv¤úvwb bvg w`‡q GKwU e¨vsK cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb mZ¨ mvnvi abvX¨ wcZv cÖmbœ mvnv‡K m‡½ wb‡q Ñ ZvI †`Dwjqv n‡q hvq| cÖeZ©K e¨vsK 1947-G †`kfv‡Mi mgq eÜ n‡q hvq| wØZxq gnvhy× ïi“ n‡Z bv n‡ZB gvgvi e¨vsK I BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eÜ n‡q hvq| PÆMÖv‡g cÖavb Kvh©vj‡q Ges wewfbœ kvLv Awd‡m AvgvbZKvixiv UvKv †Zvjvi Rb¨ wfo K‡i| evRv‡i †h UvKv jwMœ Kiv n‡qwQj, wewfbœ eëmvqx I †QvU †QvU wkícwZ‡ì Kv‡Q Zviv GB my‡hv‡M e¨vs‡Ki UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv eÜ K‡i †`q| G‡Z e¨vsK ivb n‡q hvq| AvgvbZKvix‡ì UvKv †diZ †`qv m¤¢e nqwb| †gR gvgv cvM‡ji g‡Zv †ev‡¤, gv ªvR, KjKvZv Ges Avmv‡gi wewfbœ kvLvq Qy‡UvQywU Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| †kl ch©š— e¨vsK I BÝy ‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| gvgvi kÎ“iv i‡U †eovj Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix AvgvbZKvix‡ì UvKv AvZ¥mvr K‡i‡Q| GB msKUKv‡j wZwb ivRbxwZ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡ob| Lvwj gv‡V dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix mv¤cÖ vwqK „wófw½ wb‡q PÆMÖv‡gi gymwjg jx‡Mi †bZv n‡q hvb Ges mgvRwe‡ivax mv¤cÖ vwqKfvevcbœ Zi“Y‡ì wb‡q

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N‡U| Giv MÖvg †_‡K Avmv wbixn cw_K‡ì KvQ †_‡K av°v †g‡i, bvbv ARynv‡Z UvKv-cqmv wQwb‡q wb‡Zv| e·xinv‡Ui KuvPvevRv‡ii †`vKvwb‡ì mK‡j fq Ki‡Zv| Zviv PviAvbv wRwb‡mi `vg GKUvKv nuvK‡Zv| †KD `vg Kg w`‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡ì bvbvfv‡e Ac` — Ki‡Zv| Avgv‡ì evRvi miKvi eªþPvix GKevi ILv‡b evRvi Ki‡Z wM‡q bv‡Rnvj n‡qwQj| e·xinv‡Ui DËi gv_vq eìcvwZ, cxi eì AvDwjqvi cweÎ ìMv kixd| cÖwZw`b nvRvi nvRvi wn› y gymjgvb f³ GLv‡b kª×v mnKv‡i gvRvi wRqviZ K‡i| gb¯‹vgbv c~Y© nIqvi Rb¨ gvbZ K‡i| Gi cwð‡g †kiAvjx mI`vMi Ges Ave`yj ReŸvi mI`vM‡ii evwo| IB AÂ‡ji mevB Zv‡ì mgxn K‡i P‡j| mvwjk-bvwj‡ki e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì b¨vqwePv‡ii K_v GK mgq †kvbv †hZ| GB Ave yj ReŸvi mI`vMiB jvj`xwNi gv‡V ejx‡Ljvi cÖPjb K‡ib| cÖwZ êkvL gv‡m G ejx‡Ljv‡K Dcj¶¨ K‡i jvj`xwN gq`v‡b wekvj †gjv e‡m| G eìcvwZ‡Z mvgvw`qv †nv‡Uj e‡j GKwU Lvevi †`vKvb wQj| Gi Lvevi wQj LyeB my ^v y| PvK&ZvB, LvZzbM‡Ä Pvj, Wvj, wcuqvR, Av`v, imyb, gwiP RvZxq mvgMÖx wewµi Avo‡Zi K_v Av‡M e‡jwQ| GQvov LvZzbMÄ I e·xinv‡U wQj mvwie× ^‡Y©i †`vKvb| GB †`vKvwb‡ì g‡a¨ wPUvMvs Ry‡qjvwi, `Ë Ry‡qjvm© Ges bRywgTv mI`vM‡ii (cÖ‡dmi BDb~‡mi wcZvgn) †`vKvb wek¦ —Zvi Rb¨ cÖwm× wQj| ev‡ivqvwi, nvRvi iK‡gi c‡Yï Rb¨ RbwcÖq wQj wcZv¤i mvnvi cÖvPxb †`vKvb| GLv‡b kvLv, wmu yi, a~c-aybv, AvjZv, wdUKvwi, ˆmÜe jeY, GKkÕ eQ‡ii cyi‡bv wN, Lykey ZvgvK †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Ggb wK ev‡Ni ya ch©š— cvIqv †hZ| nvW©Iq¨vi A_©vr †jvnvj°‡ii eo †`vKvb wQj Avgvi MÖvg msjMœ exbvRywii bexb gnvRb‡ì| GB cwiev‡ii nwic` gnvRb PÆMÖvg hye we‡`ªv‡ni GKRb K…Zx †hv×v| cieZx©‡Z GB eëmvq cÖ_g gymjgvb eëmvqx Bgvg kixd eªv`vm©| Avmv`M‡Äi †kl gv_vq wQj ïuUwKi AvoZ| GLvb †_‡K mviv evsjvq kuyUwK miveivn Kiv n‡Zv| GgbwK Avmvg ch©š—| GLv‡b KvV-wPivwb Kj _vKvq Kv‡Vi Ges dvwb©Pv‡ii eëmvI RgRgvU n‡q I‡V| Avmv`M‡Äi GK `vbkxj abvX¨ e¨w³i bvg nvRx ivRv wgqv mI`vMi, †idvix Bmjvg wgqvi k¦ïi| IB AÂ‡ji hyeK‡ì Ici dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayixi wQj LyeB cÖfve-cÖwZcwË| ZLb gymwjg jxM RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©| dKv †PŠayix wQ‡jb PÆMÖvg †Rjv gymwjg jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K (1945)| IB AÂ‡ji hyeK‡ì A‡b‡KB wQj gymwjg jx‡Mi A½ msMVb, gymwjg b¨vkbvj Mv‡W©i m`m¨| GB b¨vkbvj Mv‡W©i mvjv‡i †Rjv wQ‡jb, cieZx©‡Z AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ †kL †gvRvd&di Avn¤§`, Õ71 mv‡j nvbv`vi evwnbxi nv‡Z cjvZK Ae ’vq wbnZ nb| PvKZvB wgqv Luv bM‡i gymwjg b¨vkbvj Mv‡W©i cÖwk¶Y †K› ª| Puv`vevwR Ges wn› y m¤cÖ v‡qi Ici wbh©vZ‡bi Rb¨ I‡ì Lye yb©vg wQj| GKw`b Zviv Kv‡ì wei“‡× msMÖvg Kivi cÖwk¶Y wb‡”Q Zv †`Lvi †KŠZ~n‡j †jvnvicyj cvi n‡q wgqv Luv bM‡i Dcw ’Z nB| †`wL, Zviv weªwUk fvi‡Zi AevOvwj †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ªU Gd Kwig Ges Gmwc KvRx Av‡bvqvi“j nK‡K LvwK †cvkv‡K mw¾Z n‡q weDMj evwR‡q MvW© Ae Abvi w`‡Z wM‡q m¨vwjDU w`‡”Q| eyS‡Z evwK iBj bv, Giv Kv‡ì g`‡`, Kv‡ì wei“‡× hy‡×i cÖ ‘wZ wb‡”Q| c‡ii eQi (1946) †`L‡Z †c‡qwQjvg Gi cwiYwZ, gymwjg jxM †NvwlZ 16 AvM‡÷i cÖZ¨¶ msMÖv‡g| †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ªU Gd Kwi‡gi g`‡` dKv †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡ wn› y-gymwjg `v½v| msL¨vjNy‡ì Ici agx©q Db¥v`bvq ee©i n‡q IVvi Ki“Y „k¨| hwÌ Avgiv Zv‡K †VKv‡Z m¶g n‡qwQjvg bvbv †KŠk‡j, ZeyI †ek KÕwU nZ¨vKv‡Êi K_v g‡b c‡o| weªwUk KvivMvi †_‡K m`¨ gyw³cÖvß m›Øx‡ci jvj‡gvnb †mb, PÆMÖvg K‡j‡Ri evsjvi Aa¨vcK (bvg g‡b co‡Q bv), †UwjMÖvg Awd‡mi cv‡k KvUvcvnv‡o GK wbivciva wn›`y hyeKmn kni I MÖvgvÂ‡ji eû‡jvK GB `v½vq wbnZ n‡qwQ‡jb| QywiKvnZ n‡qwQ‡jb PÆMÖvg †Rjv KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †bZv Kg‡iW iYaxi `vk¸ß| Avgvi gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix GKRb Amv¤cÖ vwqK †PZbvi gvbyl wQ‡jb| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡K wbqwgZ gvwmK Puv`v w`‡Zb| Avgvi Rxe‡b Amv¤cÖ vwqK †PZbvi AwaKvix nIqvi †cQ‡b Zuvi Ae`vb wQj me‡P‡q †ewk| 1946 mv‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjv gymwjg jx‡Mi †m‡µUvwi dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix hLb AevOvwj wWw÷ª± g¨vwR‡÷ªU Gd Kwi‡gi c„ô‡cvlKZvq `v½vi Rb¨ D¯‹vwbg~jK wµqvK‡g© iZ, ZLb Avgvi gvgv Zvi wei“‡× Ae ’vb wb‡qwQ‡jb| MVb K‡iwQ‡jb `v½vwe‡ivax kvwš— KwgwU| wZwb wKfv‡e Dcw ’Z eyw× w`‡q Õ46-Gi GKwU msNvZgq i³¶qx cwiw ’wZ †VwK‡qwQ‡jb, †m m¤ú‡K© PÆMÖvg †Rjv KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i Z`vbxš—b †m‡µUvwi Kg‡iW KíZi“ †mb¸ß Zuvi Ô¯§„wZi mgq : mg‡qi ¯§„wZÕ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡QbÑ

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cÖwZôvZv ¸i“m`q `‡Ëi GKRb fvewkl¨| cvwK —vb cÖwZwôZ n‡j Qwe AuvKvi cvkvcvwk wZwb GLv‡b eªZPvix Av‡›`vjbI ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| †h eªZPvix Av‡›`vj‡bi g~jgš¿Ñ wek¦ gvbe nwe hw`/kvk¦Z evOvwj nÕ| †mŠfvM¨ Avgvi evsjv GKv‡Wgx Avgv‡ì yB eÜz‡K GKB m‡½ 1984 mv‡j †d‡jvwkc cÖ vb K‡i| Zvi g‡Zv GKRb mvnmx, wkíx‡hv×v, AK…wÎg eÜz‡K nvwi‡q Avwg `xN©w`b gvbwmK hš¿Yvq KvZi wQjvg| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv bZzb K‡i eªZPvix Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡iwQ| G Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z wM‡q c‡` c‡` Zvi Afve Abyfe Kwi| Lv‡j` †PŠayixI eûgvwš¿K ¸‡Yi AwaKvix| fviZxq MYbv‡Uï m‡½ wZwb Nwbôfv‡e hy³ wQ‡jb| gÂ m¾vq bZzb Avw½K cÖ‡qvM Kivi ga¨w`‡q wZwb GKRb cÖev`cÖwZg wkíx wn‡m‡e RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| cieZx©‡Z wZwb k¤¢ywg‡Îi m‡½ eûiƒcx MVb K‡ib| `xN©Kvj Gi m‡½ hy³ †_‡K cÖf~Z L¨vwZi AwaKvix nb| KjKvZvq mZ¨wR‡Zi ciB wZwb wQ‡jb me‡P‡q L¨vZbvgv cÖ”Q`wkíx| PÆMÖv‡g Lyikx` gn‡j gy ivj AuvK‡Z G‡m ew¼g †mb, ev`j `vk Ges Avgv‡K AvnŸvqK K‡i MYbvU¨ ms‡Ni PÆMÖvg kvLv MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| KjKvZvq wZwb GL‡bv †eu‡P Av‡Qb| †`Lv nq bv eûKvj| ZeyI GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi Aš—‡i eÜz‡Z¡i †MŠi‡e AwawôZ AvwQ| bvbv Kvi‡Y Lyikx` gn‡ji wZbZjv n‡q I‡VwQj PÆMÖv‡gi mKj ivR‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Êi †K› ª ’j| GLv‡b PÆMÖvg kn‡ii hveZxq mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi winvm©vj n‡Zv| GB wZbZjvq Avgvi †gR gvgv 1946 mv‡j gyw³cÖvß PÆMÖvg A ¿vMvi `L‡ji exi †mbvbx‡ì ˆbk‡fv‡R Avc¨vwqZ K‡iwQ‡jb| GLv‡b `v½vi wei“‡× †Rjv RR ˆkevj ¸ß‡K mfvcwZ Ges Avgvi gvgv‡K mvaviY m¤úv`K K‡i †Rjv kvwš— KwgwU MwVZ nq| 1950 mv‡j Ave yj nK †`vfvl‡K mfvcwZ Ges Avgv‡K mvaviY m¤úv`K K‡i `v½v i“Levi Rb¨ kvwš— m‡¤§jb I kvwš—‡dŠR MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| GKB mv‡j GLv‡b wek¦kvwš— msm` MwVZ nq| 1945 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g AbywôZ n‡qwQj e½xq cÖv‡`wkK QvÎ m‡¤§jb| KjKvZv I XvKv †_‡K A‡bK e‡iY¨ e¨w³ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡Z PÆMÖv‡g G‡mwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ KjKvZv †_‡K AvMZ myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, myKvš— fÆvPvh©, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Ges XvKv †_‡K AvMZ gybxi †PŠayix, AvLjvKzi ingvb Ges iwe¸n cÖgyL e¨w³‡ì Lyikx` gn‡ji wZbZjvq _vKv-LvIqvi e‡›`ve — Kiv n‡qwQj| 1946 mv‡j cÖ_g bRi“j Rqš—xi winvm©vjI n‡qwQj GLv‡b| Gbv‡qZ evRv‡i Avgv‡ì evwo ˆZwi nIqvi Av‡M ch©š— GB wZbZjv wQj Avgvi evm ’vb| PÆMÖv‡gi evgcš’x eyw×Rxex, wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K Ges QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZvKgx©‡ì AvÇv ’j| 1945 mv‡j ievU© µm PÆMÖvg †_‡K e`wj n‡q †c‡kvqv‡i P‡j hvb| hy× †kl n‡j †`‡k wd‡i hvb| `xN©Kvj Zvi m‡½ Avgvi cÎ †hvMv‡hvM wQj| GK mgq mve©¶wYK ivRbxwZ‡Z Rwo‡q covq eûevi Avgvi evwo cywjk KZ„©K Avµvš— nq| eûevi Avgv‡K AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b P‡j †h‡Z nq| d‡j Avwg Zvi wVKvbv nvwi‡q †dwj| cÎ †hvMv‡hvM eÜ n‡q hvq| wZwb PÆMÖvg _vKve ’vq PÆMÖv‡gi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡K bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib Ges weªwUk KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m‡½ cÖZ¨¶ †hvMv‡hvM NwU‡q †`b| Avwg †Kv‡bv GKwU Aby‡”Q‡` wj‡LwQ, 1950 mv‡j Avgiv PÆMÖv‡g wek¦kvwš— cwil` MVb Kwi| AvYweK †evgv wbwl×Ki‡Yi `vwe‡Z 7 jvL ¯v¶i msMÖn Kwi Ges Zv wek¦kvwš— cwil‡ì †nW †KvqvU©vi ÷K‡nv‡g cvwV‡q †`B| 1953 mv‡j ÷K‡nv‡g †h wek¦kvwš— m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq Zv‡Z †hvM †`qvi Rb¨ Avwg Avgwš¿Z nB| miKvi Avgvi cvm‡cvU© Rã Kivi Kvi‡Y `xN© 19 eQi †`‡ki evB‡i †h‡Z cvwiwb| †`k ^vaxb n‡j 1973 mv‡j Avwg m ¿xK jÛ‡b hvB| †mLv‡b GK eQi Ae ’vbKv‡j BD‡iv‡ci d«vÝ, Rvg©vwb, myBRvij¨vÛ, BZvwj cwiågY Kwi| jÛ‡b _vKvKv‡j Avwg ievU© µ‡mi m‡½ †`Lv Kivi Rb¨ LyeB D`MÖxe n‡q DwV| Zvi wVKvbv Avgvi Rvbv wQj bv| ïay GUzKz RvbZvg wZwb mvD`v¤úU‡bi Awaevmx| GKw`b Avwg Ges Avgvi ¿x RIkb Aviv ingvb jÛ‡b i‡qj Gqvi †dv‡m©i †nW †KvqvU©v‡i wM‡q Dcw ’Z nB| Avgv‡ì AwfcÖv‡qi K_v Zv‡ì RvbvB| Zviv e‡jb, Avgiv †hb ievU© µm‡K GKwU wPwV wj‡L Lvg eÜ K‡i Zv‡ì †`B| Zviv IB wPwV mvD`v¤úU‡b µ‡mi Kv‡Q cvwV‡q †`‡eb| ZLb Avgiv g¨vb‡Póv‡i wQjvg| 8/10 w`b ci i‡qj Gqvi †dv‡m©i †nW †KvqvU©vi †_‡K GKwU wPwV Gj| Avwg Avb‡›` D‡ØwjZ n‡q wPwVwU Ly‡j, c‡o welYœ n‡q cwo| wPwV‡Z Rvb‡Z cvwi ievU© µm K‡qKgvm Av‡M ci‡jvK Mgb K‡i‡Qb| GB †kv‡K Ges †e`bvq Avwg wegl© n‡q cwo| BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ RvqMvq cwiågY K‡iwQ mZ¨, wKš‘ †kv‡K KvZi n‡q G cwiågY Dc‡fvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z cvwiwb| G e¨vcv‡i Avgvi ¿x RIkb Aviv ingvb Zvi Ô¯§„wZK_v : GKwU ARvbv †g‡qÕ eB‡Z we —vwiZ wj‡L‡Q|

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hy× I `ywf©‡¶i LÊwPÎ Avgv‡ì Trocadero †i÷z‡i‡›Ui †`Lv‡`wL PÆMÖv‡gi A‡bK MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³ we‡`kx ˆmb¨‡ì Rb¨ kn‡ii wewfbœ RvqMvq †i÷z‡i›U Ly‡j e‡mb| PÆMÖvg †Rjv gymwjg jx‡Mi †m‡µUvwi dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix †K. wm. †` †iv‡W †Lv‡jb eªWI‡q| Lvbevnv yi dwi` Avng` †PŠayix Av›ìwKjøvq †Lv‡jb Avj-Avgvb| Lvbevnv`yi Lwjjyi ingv‡bi cyÎ myjZvb Avng` (cieZx©‡Z cÖv‡`wkK gš¿x) †KvU© †iv‡W †Lv‡jb wcKv‡Wwj| GB eëmv Lye jvfRbK g‡b K‡i e¨‡Oi QvZvi g‡Zv kn‡ii wewfbœ GjvKvq Qwo‡q c‡o| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Av‡M PÆMÖvg kn‡i †ekKÕwU AvaywbK †i÷z‡i›U wQj| GB †i÷z‡i›U¸‡jv hy‡×i mgq ˆmb¨‡ì Rb¨ †Lvjv †i÷z‡i‡›Ui g‡Zv bq| Gme †i÷z‡i‡›Ui Lvev‡ii †gby wQj KjKvZv‡Kw› ªK| Pc, KvU‡jU, Ag‡jU, wm½vov, wP‡Kb Kvwi, gvLb †`qv i“wU, Pv cÖf„wZ wQj GB †i÷z‡i›U¸‡jvi †gby| GB †i÷z‡i›U¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wZbwU †i÷z‡i‡›Ui K_v Avgvi GL‡bv g‡b Av‡Q| †K. wm. †` †iv‡W wi‡cvR, jvj`xwNi †Kv‡Y b‡fjwU Ges b›`bKvb‡b †evm eªv`vm©| GB †i›Uz‡i›U¸‡jv m`¨ gyw³cÖvß ivRw›`‡ì Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| mvB‡ev‡W©i wb‡P †jLv _vK‡Zv ivRew›`‡ì Øviv cwiPvwjZ| †mRb¨ GB †i÷z‡i‡›Ui K_v Avgvi GL‡bv g‡b Av‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wi‡cvR A‡bKw`b Av‡M D‡V †M‡Q| b‡fjwU Ges †evm eªv`vm© Kv‡ji AwfNvZ mn¨ K‡i GL‡bv wU‡K Av‡Q| we‡`kx ˆmb¨‡ì Rb¨ †i÷z‡i‡›Ui eëmv LyeB jvfRbK m‡›`n †bB| Avgiv hLb †i÷z‡i›U Lywj ZLb †Zgb KovKwo wQj bv| cieZx©‡Z A‡bK KovKwo ïi“ nq| wgwjUvwi cywjk Ges Avwg© ^v ’ wefv‡Mi Awdmviiv †i÷z‡i‡›Ui cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv, Lv‡`ï gvb Ges ivbœvN‡ii cwi”QbœZv cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ AZwK©‡Z cÖvqB nvbv w`‡Zv| †Kv‡bv †`vl-Î“wU †c‡j †i÷z‡i›UwU‡K out of bound ev we‡`kx ˆmb¨‡ì Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi Abyc‡hvMx e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡Zv| evB‡i eo eo A¶‡i wj‡L w`‡Zv out of bound| †k‡li w`‡K AvgivI GiKg GKwU cwiw ’wZi wkKvi n‡qwQjvg| K‡b©j `vk e‡j GKRb wkL Avgv‡ì †i÷z‡i‡›Ui ivbœvNi cwi`k©b K‡i †i÷z‡i›U‡K out of bound K‡i †`b| GQvovI wKQy wKQy mgm¨vq Avgiv cÖvqB Aw ’i _vKZvg| Avgv‡ì †i÷z‡i›UwU wQj †k¦ZKvq ˆmb¨‡ì Rb¨| K…òKvq ˆmb¨‡ì cÖ‡ek wbwl× wQj| ZeyI gv‡S gv‡S K…òKvq ˆmbïv †i÷z‡i‡›U G‡m ˆn ˆP Ki‡Zv| G‡Z †k¦ZKvq ˆmb¨‡ì m‡½ Zv‡ì gvivgvwi n‡Zv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq GB gvivgvwi‡Z Zviv ZLbKvi w`‡bi †mvWvi fvix †evZj eënvi Ki‡Zv| G‡Z A‡b‡K AvnZ n‡Zb Ges Avgv‡ì AvmevecÎ †f‡O †hZ| Dcvqš—i bv †`‡L Avgiv wgwjUvwi cywj‡ki kiYvcbœ nZvg| Iiv G‡m nv½vgv m„wóKvix ˆmb¨‡ì †MÖdZvi K‡i wb‡q †hZ| GB K…òKvq ˆmbïv weªwUk mvgªvRëv‡ì ^v‡_© iY‡¶‡Î †Mviv ˆmb¨‡ì cvkvcvwk mvn‡mi m‡½ hy× Ki‡Zv| A_P †Mviv ˆmbïv †gv‡UB Zv‡ì gh©v`vi Avm‡b emv‡Zv bv| Avgv‡ì †i÷z‡i›U¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wQj bv| †Mviv wgwjUvwi cywjk wK wbôzifv‡e Zv‡ì kvw — w`‡Zv Zv †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †`‡LwQ| ZLb †`‡LwQ eY©ev` Kx wRwbm| ïay Kv‡jv †Kb †k¦ZKvq ˆmbïvI gv‡S gv‡S †L‡q wej cwi‡kva bv K‡i Z¡wiZMwZ‡Z P‡j †hZ| A‡b‡K g‡ì †evZj wb‡q Avm‡Zv Ges NÈvi ci NÈv g`¨cvb K‡i gvbwmK fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q †dj‡Zv| Db¥v‡ì g‡Zv wRwbmcÎ Gw`K-Iw`K †QvovQywo Ki‡Zv| GKw`b GK †k¦ZKvq ˆmwbK Avgv‡K Zvi †Uwe‡j wb‡q †Rvi K‡i g` LvIqv‡Z PvB‡jv| Avwg ivwR bv nIqvq †m Avgvi Ici Lye w¶ß n‡q D‡VwQj| GQvov Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †g‡q‡jvK †P‡q em‡Zv Ges Zvi Rb¨ nv½vgvI Ki‡Zv| †mB Aí eq‡m Gme nv½vgv mvgvj w`‡Z Avgvi LyeB †eM †c‡Z n‡Zv| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv PÆMÖvg kn‡i wZbwU j½iLvbv Lywj Ges KwgDwb÷ cvwU© cvwiPvwjZ †ewe †nv‡gI wbqwgZ Avw_©K mnvqZv `vb Kivi wm×vš— MÖnY Kwi| K‡b©j `v‡ki ¿x wQ‡jb GKRb cigv my›ìx †`k‡cÖwgK bvix| PÆMÖvg kn‡i ywf©¶-KewjZ ÎvYKv‡h© wZwb mwµqfv‡e RwoZ wQ‡jb| †mB myev‡` Zvi m‡½ Avgvi cwiPq nq| wZwb Avgv‡K AZ¨š— †mœn Ki‡Zb| Avgvi †`k‡mevg~jK Kv‡Ri cÖksmv Ki‡Zb| wZwb wQ‡jb jv‡nv‡ii GKwU ivR‰bwZK cwiev‡ii †g‡q| Zvi i‡³ wQj weªwUkwe‡ivax †`ªvn| wZwb Zvi ¯vgx‡K Aby‡iva K‡i Avgv‡ì †i÷z‡i›U‡K wbwl×Ki‡Yi wm×vš— cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡q †bb| ivR‰bwZK ZrciZv Ges ÎvYKv‡h© Avwg †ewk e¨ — n‡q IVvq dwUKQwoi Ave yj Lv‡jK †PŠayix‡K †i÷z‡i‡›Ui g¨v‡bRvi c‡` wb‡qvM †`qv nq| evg©vq wZwb gymjgvb mgv‡Ri GKRb L¨vwZgvb †bZv wQ‡jb| Zvi wQj weivU

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c×wZ| RbM‡Yi Rxeb Avi Zvi msMÖvg‡K cÖwZcv`¨ K‡i †jLv nq RxebNwbô A‡bK bvUK t ÔbevbœÕ, Ô ytLxi CgvbÕ, ÔRevbew›`Õ, Ô†QuovZviÕ, Ôcw_KÕ BZ¨vw`| †mB DËvj w`b¸‡jvi †XD PÆMÖvg‡KI Zi½vwqZ K‡i †Zv‡j| Z`vbxš—b PÆMÖvg †Rjv KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i mvaviY m¤úv`K Kg‡iW KíZi“ †mb¸ß, QvÎ‡bZv gay wmsn, wP‡ib miKvi I wPË wek¦v‡mi AvnŸv‡b Ges Aby‡cÖiYvq Avwg KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i ms¯ú‡k© Avwm| wbe©vwPZ nB PÆMÖvg †jLK I wkíxms‡Ni mnKvix m¤úv`K (1945)| myavsï miKvi wQ‡jb mvaviY m¤úv`K| 1946 mv‡j PÆMÖvg we‡ ªv‡ni exi bvqKiv, Abš— wmsn, M‡Yk †Nvl, Aw¤^Kv PµeZx©, †jvKbv_ ej Kvivgy³ n‡j Zv‡ì msea©bvi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq Avgv‡K| Avwg Avgvi gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZvq KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡b GB Abyôvb‡K mdj K‡i Zzwj| 1945 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g AbywôZ nq †evqvjLvjxi KayiwLj MÖv‡g wZb w`be¨vcx QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi cÖv‡`wkK m‡¤§jb| Avwg m‡¤§jb‡K mvdj¨gwÊZ Kivi Kv‡R wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ Kwi| †kl w`‡bi cÖKvk¨ Awa‡ekb nq PÆMÖvg gymwjg nj cÖv½‡Y| GB m‡¤§j‡b KjKvZv †_‡K G‡mwQ‡jb MxZv gyLvRx©, Abœ vk¼i fÆvPvh©, i‡gb e¨vbvRx©, †MŠZg P‡Ævcva¨vq, KgjvcwZ ivq cÖgyL| Avi XvKv †_‡K G‡mwQ‡jb gybxi †PŠayix, AvLjvKzi ingvb I iwe¸n| KjKvZv †_‡K Av‡iv G‡mwQ‡jb fevbx †mb, †Mvcvj nvj`vi, mZ¨wcÖq ivq Ges Kwe myKvš— fÆvPvh©| GB m‡¤§jb‡K mdj K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi †bZvKgx©iv AgvbywlK cwikªg K‡iwQ‡jb| QvÎ‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb †Rjv QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi mfvcwZ wP‡ib miKvi, m¤úv`K wPË wek¦vm I mvnmx †bZv Wv³vi m‡ik †`| Avgvi wcÖq eÜy wP‡ib miKvi `xN©w`b c¶vNvZ †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q K‡qK eQi Av‡M g„Zz eiY K‡ib| Avg„Zz Zvi m‡½ Avgvi †hvMv‡hvM wQj| c¶vNvZ Ae ’vq Zv‡K †`L‡Z †M‡j wZwb Avgvi nvZ a‡i evK&i“× Ae ’vq ïay †Pv‡Li cvwb †dj‡Zb| wP‡ib miKvi ZrKvjxb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i QvÎ msMVb ÔQvÎ †dWv‡ik‡biÕ †bZv wn‡m‡e A‡bK †gavex QvÎ‡K evgcš’x Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡ib| Kvnvicvov Av‡›`vj‡b, 1946 mv‡ji mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½vwe‡ivax kvwš— Av‡›`vj‡b wP‡ib miKv‡ii Abe`¨ f~wgKv wQj| 1947 mv‡j †`k wefv‡Mi c‡i †`k Z¨vM Kivi wZwb †Nvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb| wP‡ib miKvi agx©q msL¨vjNy‡ì h_vmva¨ †`kZ¨vM †_‡K weiZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb| 1948 mv‡ji ZrKvjxb gymwjg jxM miKvi wbivcËv AvB‡b Zv‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i wewfbœ †R‡j AvUK iv‡L| †R‡j Zvi Ici A‡bK wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bv nq| †Rj wbh©vZb I ivRew›`‡ì wewfbœ `vwe‡Z GKUvbv EbcÂvk w`b Abkb ag©N‡U wZwb †bZ„Z¡ cÖ vb K‡ib| GB wP‡ib miKvi Ges †Rjv cvwU©i m¤úv`K Kg‡iW KíZi“ †mb¸‡ßi Aby‡cÖiYvq Avwg KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i KvQvKvwQ Avwm| wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY Kwi| G K_v evi evi ej‡Z Avwg Me©‡eva Kwi| †ek wKQzw`b Av‡M Zvi ¿xI gviv †M‡Qb (b‡f¤î 2004)| wP‡ib miKv‡ii †g‡q bw›`Zv GLb wmwfj mvwf©‡m, miKvwi D”P ch©v‡qi Awdmvi| Avgv‡K wcZ…Zzj¨ kª×v K‡i| Zvi gv‡qi g„Zz msev` Rvbv‡Z wM‡q †m †Uwj‡dv‡b A‡bK¶Y †Ku‡`wQj| AvwgI †Pv‡Li cvwb a‡i ivL‡Z cvwiwb| wPË wek¦vm †`kfv‡Mi ci ciB KjKvZv P‡j hvq| wb‡Ri AmvaviY mvsMVwbK kw³, wbôv Ges Av`wk©K †PZbvq DØy× mvnmx wPË wek¦vm mgvRev`x ivRbxwZi c_ †e‡q fviZxq KwgDwb÷ cvwU©, wek¦kvwš— cwil` I Av‡d«v-Gkxq MYmsnwZ cwil‡ì myD”P Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| GK mgq n‡qwQj All India Peace and Solidarity Organisation-Gi m¤úv`K| c‡i †m Kvq‡ivwfwËK Av‡dªv-Gkxq MYmsnwZ cwil‡ì †m‡µUvwi c‡` AwawôZ nb| HwZnvwmK evb& ys m‡¤§j‡bi cÂkxjv bxwZi wfwË‡Z M‡o IVv †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vjb Ôb¨vgÕ abev`x †`kmg~‡ni D¯‹vwbi gy‡L Gwkqv-Avwd«Kvi eû †`‡k cvi¯úwiK weev`-wel¤^v‡ì kvwš—c~Y© mgvav‡b HwZnvwmK Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| G‡¶‡Î wP‡Ëi mvnmx f~wgKv AvR BwZnv‡mi Aš—M©Z| KjKvZv †_‡K †m wbqwgZ Avgvi QÙbv‡g AvU© †cÖ‡mi wVKvbvq cÎ-cwÎKv, ivR‰bwZK `wjj Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi eBcÎ cvVv‡Zv| 1951 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g Pvi w`be¨vcx mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb Dcj‡¶ KjKvZvi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ Avwg hLb KjKvZvq hvB, ZLb †m Avgv‡K wewfbœ wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq| Zv‡ì m‡½ Avgvi cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q Ges Zv‡ì PÆMÖv‡g wb‡q Avmvi e¨vcv‡i mnvqZv K‡i| †m wQj KjKvZvq Avgv‡ì hveZxq ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©Kjv‡ci mgš^qK| GKw`b KjKvZvq Avgv‡ì e¨vw›Us w÷ª‡Ui Awd‡mi wb‡P †`wL GK gv‡ovqvwi f ª‡jvK e‡m Av‡Qb| Avwg evB‡i †_‡K †fZ‡i XyK‡ZB e‡m _vKv GB gv‡ovqvwi Avgv‡K fvwMbv e‡j Rwo‡q a‡ib| GB gv‡ovqvwi e¨w³wU wQ‡jb AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix Aw¤Kv PµeZx©|

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Zuvi m‡½ Avgvi GB mv¶vrKv‡ii eë ’v K‡i w`‡qwQj wPË| cÖm½Z D‡jøL¨, Kg‡iW Aw¤^Kv PµeZx© Avgv‡ì IB Awdm-Kvg evm ’vb‡K Zuvi †Mvcb Av —vbv wn‡m‡e A‡bKw`b eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb| GB wPËB AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix knx`yj−vn Kvqmv‡ii m‡½ iv‡Z cvK© mvK©vm gq`v‡b Avgvi m‡½ mv¶vrKv‡ii eë ’v K‡i †`q| Zvi gvid‡ZB wek¦ KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vj‡bi bvbv ai‡bi `wjj Ges cÖKvkbv Avwg PÆMÖv‡g †cZvg †Mvcb wVKvbvq| KjKvZvq Ômxgvš—Õ cwÎKvi †jLv msMÖn Ges wewj eë ’vqI we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| wPË wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡YB XvKvi †P‡q KjKvZv Avgv‡ì AwaKZi wbKUeZx© n‡q I‡V| †h mg — `wjj, cÖKvkbv I Mv‡bi ¯îwjwc XvKvq †cuŠQ‡Z GK gvm jvM‡Zv, Avgiv Zv PÆMÖv‡g †c‡q †hZvg K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨B| Gfv‡e wPË n‡q D‡VwQj KjKvZv-PÆMÖv‡gi ivR‰bwZK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©Kjv‡ci †hvMm~Î| 1950 mv‡j yB evsjvq ye„©Ëiv mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½v NUvevi †Póvq msMwVZ n‡q I‡V| Avgiv PÆMÖv‡g Gi wei“‡× weivU Rbmgv‡ek Kwi Ges PÆMÖv‡gi †miv †bZv, Kwe, wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì wb‡q wekvj wgwQj †ei K‡i mviv kni cÖ w¶Y Kwi| `v½vi wei“‡× i“‡L uvov‡bvi Rb¨ kvwš— m‡¤§jb bvg w`‡q GKwU kw³kvjx KwgwU MVb Kwi| GB KwgwUi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Ave yj nK †`vfvl| Avwg wQjvg m¤úv`K| GB KwgwU kvwš—‡dŠR bv‡g GKwU † ^”Qv‡meK evwnbxI MVb Kwi| Zvi AwabvqK wQ‡jb K…ò‡Mvcvj †mb| GB kvwš—‡dŠR cvovq cvovq cvnviv w`‡q ye„©Ë‡ì g‡b hv‡Z fq Rv‡M Ges msL¨vjNy‡ì g‡b hv‡Z Av ’vi fve wd‡i Av‡m, Zvi eë ’v MÖnY Kwi| ZvQvovI Avgvi †mB weL¨vZ Mvb ÒI fvB †`k QvBov hvBI bv, GK fvB hLb euvBPv AvwQ, Avi †Kv‡bv fq KB‡iv bvÓ †M‡q Ges mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb K‡i hv‡Z ^vfvweK Ae ’v wd‡i Av‡m Zvi eë ’v wb‡qwQjvg| Ômxgvš—Õ cwÎKvi yBkÕ c„ôvi `v½vwe‡ivax msL¨v †ei K‡iwQjvg| GUv KjKvZvq LyeB cÖkswmZ n‡qwQj| †Mvcvj nvj`vi ÔcwiPqÕ cwÎKvq GB msL¨vi cÖksmv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jwQ‡jbÑ Òc~e© evsjvq `v½vwe‡ivax gvbyl Av‡Q, Zviv kZKiv wbivbeŸB Rb| GK_v Avgiv cwðge‡½i KqRb Rvwb| Giv †h `v½vi wei“‡× †mv”Pvi, GB evZ©v enb K‡i wb‡q G‡m‡Q Ômxgvš—Õ| m~h© c~e©w`‡K I‡V, Ômxgvš—Õ Avgv‡ì c_ †`Lv‡jv .....|Ó wPË GB msev` Rvbvi ci KjKvZvq Avgv‡K Avgš¿Y K‡i wb‡q hvq| wewfbœ Dc`ª“Z GjvKvq Avgv‡K w`‡q e³„Zv †Ìqvq| Avgvi m‡½ _vK‡Zb Kg‡iW Aw¤^Kv PµeZx©| G e¨vcv‡i Aw¤^Kv PµeZx©i mfvcwZ‡Z¡ KjKvZv BDwbfvwm©wU Bbw÷wUD‡U †h mfv AbywôZ nq, †mLv‡b Avwg `xN© e³„Zv w`‡qwQjvg| †mw`b mfvq †kªvZvgÊjxi A‡b‡K Avgvi e³„Zv ï‡b †Ku‡` wQ‡jb| e³„Zv †`qvi GK ch©v‡q Avwg Amy ’ n‡q c‡o hvB| IB mfvq Dcw ’Z wQ‡jbÑ †Mvcvj nvj`vi, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, Kwe wegj P› ª †Nvl, †iby PµeZx©, †Mvjvg KzÏym, m‡ivR `Ë, iweDÏxb cÖgyL| Aw¤Kv gvgv Avi †ibyw` (Wv. weavb iv‡qi fvBRx) Avgv‡K c‡ii w`b wPwKrmvi Rb¨ weavb iv‡qi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvb| wPË wek¦v‡mi Aby‡cÖiYvq Avwg †gvnv¤§` Avjx cv‡K© wek¦ kvwš— m‡¤§jb Ges cvwU© m‡¤§j‡b wbqwgZ †hvM`vb Kwi Ges PÆMÖv‡g wek¦ kvwš— cwil‡ì kvLv MVb Kwi| wPË wek¦vm AvR Avi †bB| AK…Z`vi wPË wek¦vm w`jøx‡Z GKwU d¬vU wb‡q _vK‡Zv| w`jøx‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡qwQj eûevi| †m Avgš¿Y Avwg ivL‡Z cvwiwb| Zvi Rb¨ ü`‡q Mfxi †e`bv Abyfe Kwi| Kg‡iW KíZi“ †mb¸ß Avgv‡K LyeB †mœn Ki‡Zb| wZwb wQ‡jb Avgvi gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi Nwbô eÜz| c‡i n‡q I‡Vb AvgviI eÜz| Avgvi gvgv †h KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡K gv‡m GKkÕ UvKv K‡i Puv`v w`‡Zb Ges †QPwjø‡ki `v½vi mgq Avgvi gvgvi Z¡wiZ eyw×i Kvi‡Y Kx K‡i weivU i³¶q cwiw ’wZ †_‡K PÆMÖvg i¶v †c‡qwQj, wZwb Zvi ¯§„wZK_v Ô¯§„wZi mgq I mg‡qi ¯§„wZÕ‡Z wj‡L‡Qb| Av‡MI Gi D‡jøL K‡iwQ| IB mgq †UwievRv‡i me©we`¨v bv‡g GK wn›`y eëmvqxi GKwU †MvWvDb wQj| †mLv‡b wQj wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i cwiZ¨³ bvbv ai‡bi †jvnv-j°i, †mj‡fB‡Ri gvjcÎ| nVvr †mB ¸`v‡g GKwU †evgv we‡ùvwiZ nq| GB we‡ùvi‡Yi NUbv‡K cyuwR K‡i gymwjg jx‡Mi †m‡µUvwi dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix LvZzbMÄ, e·xinvU Ges Avmv`M‡Äi hyeK‡ì †¶wc‡q †Zv‡jb| †jv‡Kiv `j †eu‡a `v½vi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z n‡q wgwQ‡j †ewi‡qwQj| ZLb PÆMÖvg Gmwc wQ‡jb wg. wc †K †mb, wZwb wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvjv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Avgvi gvgv GB ¸wj Pvjbv eÜ K‡ib Ges wgwQ‡ji D‡Ï‡k Ggb GKwU PgrKvi e³„Zv †`b, hvi d‡j RbZv kvš— n‡q N‡i wd‡i hvq| Avgvi K_vI Zvi †jLvq ev` c‡owb| wj‡L‡QbÑ Ògvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix Pwj−‡ki `kK †_‡K PÆMÖv‡gi mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ GK mycwiwPZ bvg| †hgb mvgªvRëv`x Avg‡j †Zgwb cvwK —vwb Avg‡j A‡bK ytmvnwmK Kv‡R wZwb we¯§qKi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb|

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bxwZ cwinvi K‡i KwgDwbR‡gi `x¶v MÖnY K‡i| ZLbKvi w`‡b cvwU©i m`m¨ n‡Z n‡j Aš—Z K‡qK eQi kªwgK‡ì g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Z n‡Zv| †mfv‡e †mKv›ì †nv‡mb cÖ_‡g WªvBfvi-KÛv±i BDwbqb, Avmvg-†e½j †ijI‡q †gb&m jxM Ges evg©v A‡qj †Kv¤úvwbi BDwbqb, wgDwbwmc¨vj ¯‹¨v‡fbRvm© BDwbqb, cvnvoZjx IqvK©mc BDwbq‡bi wewfbœ c‡` `xN©Kvj KvR K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb cvwU©i m`m¨c` jvf K‡ib| c~‡Y©›`y `w¯—`vi wQ‡jb Zuvi M„nwk¶K| wZwb eZ©gvb †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki D‡ëvw`‡K B÷vb© †nv‡U‡ji GKwU †QvÆ N‡i †_‡K †jLvcov Ki‡Zb| wZwb Kvnvicvov Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb| 1946 mv‡j Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡ `v½v i“Levi Rb¨ †h kvwš— KwgwU MwVZ nq, wZwb wQ‡jb Zvi mwµq m`m¨| GB KwgwUi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb †Rjv RR ˆkevj ¸ß| Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi m‡½ Zvi LyeB Avš—wiK m¤úK© wQj| Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi m‡½ dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayixi †h ivR‰bwZK Ø›Ø ïi“ nq 1945 mv‡j| ZLb wZwb Avgvi gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi c¶ Aej¤^b K‡ib Ges Zuvi Aby‡iv‡a gymwjg jx‡Mi Amv¤cÖ vwqK MÖ“‡c †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zuvi m‡½ AvgviI AvZ¥vi m¤úK© wQj| Avwg KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m‡½ KvR Kivi mgq wZwb bvbvfv‡e, wewfbœ mgq Avgv‡K civgk© w`‡q mvnvh¨-mnvqZv K‡ib| 1946 mv‡j hLb PÆMÖvg A ¿vMvi jyÉ‡bi exi †mbvbxiv gy³ n‡q PÆMÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡mb, ZLb Zv‡ì msea©bv †`qvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix| GB msea©bvq Avwg, wP‡ib miKvi Ges wPË wek¦vm Lye cwikªg K‡i msea©bv‡K mvdj¨gwÛZ K‡i Zzwj| msea©bvi iv‡ZB Lyikx` gn‡ji wZbZjvq GB †bZ…e„›`‡K †fvRmfvq gvgv Avc¨vwqZ K‡ib| IB †fvRmfvqB `v½v‡K i“Lvi Rb¨ †Rjv RR ˆkevj ¸ß‡K mfvcwZ Ges Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix‡K m¤úv`K K‡i GKwU kvwš— KwgwU MwVZ nq| GB KwgwUi Ab¨ m`mïv wQ‡jbÑ Gmwc wc †K †mb, †kL iwdDwÏb wmwÏKx, Ave yj nK †`vfvl, KíZi“ †mb¸ß, †mKv›ì †nv‡mb, G †K Lvb Ges KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³cÖvß Kg‡iW Abš— wmsn, M‡Yk †Nvl, Aw¤^Kv PµeZx©, †jvKbv_ ej, Kíbv `Ë cÖgyL| g‡b Av‡Q, Avgvi gvgv eëmvi e¨ —Zvi Kvi‡Y †ewk mgq w`‡Z bv cvivq Avwg GB me gy³ exi †mbvbx‡ì wb‡q mv¤cÖ`vwqK m¤cÖxwZ ¯’vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjvi wewfbœ MÖv‡g wM‡q cvwU©i mnvqZvq mfv-mwgwZ‡Z Zv‡ì m‡½ mv¤cÖ vwqK m¤cÖxwZ ’vc‡b KvR Kwi| Avgvi Mwniv MÖv‡g †ZviY Zz‡j eû †jv‡Ki mgvMg NwU‡q Zv‡ì cyw®úZ msea©bv Rvbv‡bv nq| IB m¤cÖxwZ mfvq Avgvi eo gvgv Avng` Kexi †PŠayix mfvcwZZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡ì wb‡q GKwU wgwQjI †ei K‡iwQ‡jb| G cÖm‡½ Av‡iv g‡b c‡o, PÆMÖv‡gi ajNvU MÖv‡gi `w — vi cwiev‡ii K_v| GB cwiev‡ii cÖev` cyi“l c~‡Y©› y `w — vi, Zuvi †QvU fvB my‡L› y `w — vi c~e©e½ cÖv‡`wkK KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| 1952 mv‡j Avwg Amy ’ n‡j wZwb Amvgvb¨ SuywK wb‡q cywjk cvnviviZ Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z Avgv‡K †`L‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| ewki bv‡g L¨vZ GB Kg‡iW PÆMÖvg †Rj †MU †_‡K wKfv‡e wRc Pvwj‡q cvwj‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb, †mB Kvwnbx †hgwb †ivgvÂKi, †Zgwb mvnwmKZvc~Y©| Zv‡ì †QvU fvB A‡a©›`y `w — vi Rvjvjvev` cvnv‡o weªwUk ˆmbï wei“‡× jovB Ki‡Z wM‡q Aí eq‡m cÖvY nvwi‡qwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì LyiZz‡Zv fvB kiw`› y `w — vi `xN©Kvj PÆMÖvg †Rjv KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| Dcgnv‡`‡ki eû cwieZ©b, eû DËvj NUbv avivi wZwb mv¶x| Kg‡iW gyRvd&di Avng‡ì g‡Zv Rxeš— wKse`š—x gnvgbxlxi m‡½ Zuvi Nwbô m¤úK© wQj| g„ yfvlx, AgvwqK, msK‡í AUj, Av`‡k© AwePj kiw`› y `w — vi cvwU©i Af¨š—ixY eû mgm¨v AZ¨š— `¶Zvi m‡½ mvivRxeb mgvavb K‡i‡Qb| GK mgq Zuvi eo fvB RbwcÖq Kg‡iW c~‡Y©› y `w — v‡ii wei“‡× hLb †Kv‡bv GK wel‡q Awf‡hvM I‡V, wZwb mvnwmKZvi m‡½ Zv‡K cvwU© †_‡K ewn®‹v‡ii cÖ —ve G‡bwQ‡jb| Ggwb wQj Zvi Av`k©-wbôv| evi evi KviveiY I wbh©vZb KL‡bv Zvi Kg© ú„nv‡K `gb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| `xN©Kvj Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡ KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q †h Avb›`, †h Z…wß Ges †h Aby‡cÖiYv †c‡qwQ Zv GL‡bv ¯§iY Kwi| g„Zz i wKQyw`b Av‡M wZwb yB L‡Ê Zvi Rxeb¯§„wZ cÖKvk K‡i †M‡Qb| †mLv‡b AZ¨š— †mœ‡ni m‡½ †ek wKQy RvqMvq Avgvi ivR‰bwZK Kvh©vejxi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| GB ¯xK…wZi Rb¨ Avwg Zuvi Kv‡Q K…ZÁ| KwgDwb÷ kiw`› y `w — v‡ii †P‡q eo wQ‡jb gvbyl kiw`› y `w — vi| eq‡mi †k‡li w`‡K wZwb †Pv‡L fv‡jv †`L‡Zb bv| ZeyI gv‡S gv‡S Avgvi kvixwiK Amy ’Zvi †LuvR-Lei wb‡Zb| Avgv‡ì cwievi GKevi AvRgxi hvIqvi c‡_ Rqcy‡i yN©Ubvq cwZZ n‡j, wZwb Avgvi ¿x‡K †h mg‡e`bvg~jK wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv Avgvi ¿xi Kv‡Q mh‡Zœ iw¶Z Av‡Q| Zuvi m‡½ eû †Mvcb wgwUs‡q ivZ KvwU‡qwQ| Avgvi evwo‡ZI eû †Mvcb wgwUs n‡q‡Q| eû DËß wel‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvw`b Zv‡K âh© nviv‡Z †`wLwb| cvwU© fvM n‡q hvIqvi ciI we‡ivax †Kv‡bv cvwU©i †bZv wKsev Kgx©i wei“‡× †Kv‡bv Kzrmv iUbv Ki‡ZI †`wLwb| Ggwb wQj Zvi i“wP Ges g~j¨‡eva| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvw`b

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9. gva¨wgK wk¶v cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡M †evW© cÖwZôv K‡i Zvi Aax‡b wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| gva¨wgK wk¶vi Ici KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †Kv‡bv wbqš¿Y _vK‡e bv BZ¨vw`| Ks‡Mªm Dc‡iv³ k‡Z© dRjyj nK‡K mg_©b w`‡Z A ^xKvi K‡i| 1928 mv‡j cÖRv ^Z¡ we‡ji Av‡jvPbvq Ks‡MÖm Rwg`vi‡ì c¶ †bqvq Ges 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡b gymjgvb‡ì AwaK Avmb †`qvi wei“‡× wn› y †bZviv Ks‡MÖm‡K mg_©b Kivq, Ks‡MÖm gymjgvb RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i m‡i hvq| GB Kvi‡Y Ks‡MÖ‡mi n‡q †Kv‡bv gymjgvb cÖv_x© 1937-Gi wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnY K‡iwb| gwš¿mfv MV‡bi e¨vcv‡i Ks‡MÖ‡mi mnvqZv jv‡f e¨_© n‡q Ae‡k‡l dRjyj nK gymwjg jx‡M †hvM`v‡bi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib (15 A‡±vei, 1937)| d‡j evsjvq cy‡ivcywi gymwjg jxM gwš¿mfv MwVZ nq| Ks‡MÖm dRjyj n‡Ki g‡Zv GKRb Amv¤cÖ vwqK cÖRvì`x †bZv‡K gymwjg jx‡Mi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| wRbœvn& mv‡ne Zuv‡K w`‡q 1940 mv‡j jv‡nv‡i cvwK¯—vb cª¯—ve DÌvcb Kivq| gymwjg jxM Zuvi RbwcÖqZv‡K cyuwR K‡i 1946 mv‡j Zuv‡K ev` w`‡q evsjvq wØRvwZZË¡ Av`‡k©i wfwË‡Z cvwK —vb mg_©K gwš¿mfv MVb K‡i| 1938 mv‡j AvBb cwil‡ì Kv‡qgx ¯v_©ev`x‡ì we‡ivwaZvi gy‡L K…lK‡ì c‡¶ dRjyj nK cÖRv ^Z¡ AvBb Ges FY mvwjwk †evW© cÖwZôv AvBb cvm K‡ib| Gi d‡j †`‡ki nvRvi nvRvi K…lK-cÖRv mvwjwk †ev‡W©i gva¨‡g gnvR‡bi Kv‡Q eÜKK…Z Rwg wd‡i †c‡qwQj| Avgv‡ì AÂ‡j †`‡LwQ, eû wbt¯^ K…lK c‡bi-wek eQi ci FY mvwjwk †ev‡W©i gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Rwg wd‡i †c‡q mv”Q‡›` Rxebhvcb K‡i‡Qb| FY mvwjwk †evW© wQj K…lK-cÖRv‡ì Rb¨ GK ai‡bi gyw³i mb`| dRjyj nK wk¶vi †¶‡Î gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ †h Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb Ges cÖRv ^Z¡ AvBb I FY mvwjwk †evW© MV‡bi gva¨‡g †hfv‡e K…lK-cÖRv‡ì Rwg`vi I gnvRb‡ì †kvlY †_‡K wKQyUv n‡jI gy³ K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv BwZnv‡m ^Y©v¶‡i †jLv _vK‡e| ZLbKvi w`‡b †ewkifvM Rwg`vi Ges gnvRb wQj wn› y m¤ú ªvqfy³| Zviv dRjyj n‡Ki GB Kvh©Kjv‡ci Rb¨ Zuvi cÖwZ LyeB ¶zä wQ‡jb Ges wKfv‡e Zv‡K ¶gZvPz Z Kiv hvq, Zvi Rb¨ lohš¿I K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ FY mvwjwk †evW© Ges cÖRv ^Z¡ AvB‡b K…lK‡ì †ek wKQy myweav w`‡jI D³ AvB‡b eM©v`vi, UsK, Avwaqvi I bvbKvi cÖ_v wejywßi †Kv‡bv †NvlYv wQj bv| d‡j K…lK‡ì i‡³-Nv‡g Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Ici K„lK‡ì b¨vh¨ AwaKvi ’vwcZ nqwb| dm‡ji fvM †`qvi k‡Z© gvwj‡Ki Rwg hviv Pvl K‡ib ZvivB nb eM©v`vi ev fvMPvwl| DËie‡½ Zviv Avwaqvi bv‡g cwiwPZ| Pv‡li hveZxq LiP I KvwqKkªg fvMPvwli| A_P dm‡ji AvavfvM wb‡Zb Rwg`vi-†RvZ`viiv| K…lKiv wZbfv‡Mi yÕfvM dmj `vwe K‡i evsjvi wewfbœ AÂ‡j Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡i| eM©v`vi, Avwaqvi‡ì ^v‡_© †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb ïi“ n‡jI MÖvgvÂ‡ji f~wgnxb, †¶ZgRyi †kªYxI GB Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡i| wm‡j‡Ui bvbKi K…lK‡ì Ae ’v wQj ga¨hyMxq f~wg`vm‡ì g‡Zv| bvbKi cÖ_vg‡Z Rwg`viiv mvgvb¨ wKQy Rwg I emZevwo webvg~‡j¨ bvbKi K…lK‡ì w`‡Zv| Zvi wewbg‡q Rwg`vi‡ì evwo‡Z Ges Rwg‡Z bvbKi K…lKiv webvg~‡j¨ kªg w`‡Z eva¨ n‡Zv| Kv‡Ri Î“wUi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Ici ˆ`wnK AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡Zv| `yðwiÎ Rwg`viiv Zv‡ì N‡ii my›ìx ea~ I Kb¨v‡ì wb‡R‡ì †fv‡Mi cY¨ e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zv| wÎk `kK †_‡K KwgDwb÷ cvwU© bvbKi cÖ_vi †kvl‡Yi wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡i| Gfv‡e UsK cÖ_v, bvbKi cÖ_vi wei“‡× Ges †ZfvMvi c‡¶ KwgDwb÷ cvwU© 1946 mv‡j Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q| cÖ_‡g DËie‡½i 13wU †Rjvq, µ‡g µ‡g cÖwZwU †Rjvq †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb `ª“Z Qwo‡q c‡o| GKwU wi‡cv‡U© Rvbv hvq, evsjvi 25wU †Rjv‡Z †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡owQj| K…lK mfvi wnmveg‡Z 60 jvL K…lK GB HwZnvwmK †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡b kwiK n‡qwQ‡jb| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g knx` w`bvRcy‡ii Qwgi DwÏb I wkeivg| cÖ_gRb Avwaqvi, wØZxqRb Avwèvmx †¶ZgRyi| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb †kªYx msMÖvg msMwVZ Kivi ga¨w`‡q wewfbœ AÂ‡j mv¤cÖ vwqK m¤cÖxwZ‡K A_©en K‡i †Zv‡j| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi kw³kvjx †K› ª wQj w`bvRcyi I iscyi| GB †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡b Ask †bqvi Rb¨ PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖev`cÖwZg wkíx Kg‡iW †mvgbv_ †nvi‡K iscy‡i cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| m¤cÖwZ Ô†ZfvMvi Wv‡qwiÕ bv‡g Zvi GKwU eBI †ewi‡q‡Q| mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½v G †Rjv yÕwU‡K †h ¯úk© Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, Zvi Aš—wb©wnZ KviY wn› y-gymjgvb K…lK‡ì mw¤§wjZ †kªYx msMÖvg| DËi PÆMÖv‡g †RvZ`v‡ii msL¨v wQj Lye Kg| y‡qKRb wbixn Rwg`vi wQ‡jb| Zviv †Zgb AZ¨vPvix wQ‡jb bv| `w¶YvÂ‡j K·evRvi, DwLqv, KzZzew`qv, Bwjwkqv, PKwiqv, ivgy AÂ‡j A‡bK †RvZ`vi wQj| †mLv‡b

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†`‡LwQÑ bvbKi cÖ_vi Ae ’v weivR Ki‡Q| K…lK‡ì mvgvb¨ Rwg Ges _vKvi emZ-evwo †`qv n‡Zv| wewbg‡q ga¨hyMxq µxZ`vm‡ì g‡Zv Zv‡ì †RvZ`v‡ii Rwg‡Z webv cvwikªwg‡K nvjPvl Ki‡Z n‡Zv| GgbwK Zv‡ì we‡q-kvw` Ges wewfbœ Abyôv‡b †eMvi LvU‡Z n‡Zv| Zv‡ì gvbyl e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv bv| Zv‡ì wei“‡× Kg‡iW ax‡ib kxj, Kg‡iW bex cÖgyL †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| D‡jøL¨, IBme AÂj wQj mew`K †_‡K AÜKviv”Qbœ| cÖkvmb wQj Zv‡ì nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq| myZivs Av‡›`vjb †Zgb mdj nqwb| †mK&‡Uwiqvb Avg‡j IB GjvKv‡K gy³ GjvKv Ki‡Z bv cvivq, KíZi“ †mb¸‡ßi wei“‡× PvR© Avbv n‡qwQj Ges †ek wKQy Kvj Zv‡K †Rjv m¤úv`‡Ki c` †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †`qv n‡qwQj| DËie‡½i †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡b wn› y, gymwjg, †eŠ×, wLª÷vb QvovI Ask wb‡qwQj wewfbœ AÂ‡ji DcRvwZmg~n| bv‡Pv‡j 1950 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi †h K…lK we‡ ªvn nq, Zvi m‡½ wn› y-gymjgvb K…lK hy³ _vK‡jI g~j msMÖvgx kw³ wQj muvIZvj K…lKiv| weªwUk Avg‡j muvIZvj ciMbvq eûevi muvIZvj we‡ ªv‡ni m~Pbv n‡qwQj| weªwUk miKvi i‡³i eb¨vq Zv‡K —ä K‡i w`‡qwQj| wKš‘ Zv‡ì ey‡Ki Av¸b KL‡bv †bfv‡Z cv‡iwb| DËie‡½i g‡Zv GLv‡bI weivU weivU †RvZ`vi wQj| Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB cÖvq 3/4 nvRvi weNv Rwgi gvwjK wQ‡jb| me Rwg wQj Zv‡ì `L‡j| DËie‡½i †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi K_v ï‡b bv‡Pvj AÂ‡ji K…lKiv msMÖvgx †PZbvq DØy× n‡q I‡V| GB AÂ‡ji †Rjv K…lK mwgwZi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ Bjv wg‡Îi ^vgx i‡gb wgÎ| wZwb GB AÂ‡ji Rwg`vi cwiev‡ii mš—vb| wKš‘ Av`k© wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb mgvRZš¿‡K| ZviB †bZ…‡Z¡ 1948 mvj †_‡K bv‡Pvj I beveMÄ _vbvq †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb ïi“ nq| ejv evûj¨ GB Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQj KwgDwb÷ cvwU©| 48-Gi avivevwnKZvq bv‡Pv‡j 50 mv‡j K…lK we‡ ªv‡ni m~Pbv nq| GB we‡ ªv‡n muvIZvj m ©vi gvZjvi we‡kl f~wgKv wQj| wZwb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m`m¨ wQ‡jb| muvIZvj‡ì g‡a¨ Zvi e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv wQj| muvIZvj, wn› y-gymjgvb, fvMPvwl mevB wQj HKë×| dmj KvUvi mgq i‡gb wgÎ Ges Zv‡ì Rwg`vwii Ab¨vb¨ gvwjK‡ì cuwPk weNv Rwgi Ici jvj SvÊv Zz‡j †`qv nq| Zvici K…lKiv Ab¨vb¨ †RvZ`vi‡ì Rwg‡Z †ZfvMv Kv‡qg K‡i| Bjv wgÎ IB GjvKvi GKRb wKse`š—xZzj¨ K…lK †bÎx, Kg‡iW i‡gb wg‡Îi ¿x| wZwb muvIZvj fvlv Rvb‡Zb| muvIZvjiv GZ fv‡jvevm‡Zv †h, Zuv‡K mevB ivYxgv e‡j WvK‡Zv| †ZfvMvi GB `vwe mevB †g‡bI wb‡qwQj| K…lKiv Avkv K‡iwQj Zv‡ì BZtc~‡e© nviv‡bv RwgI Zviv wd‡i cv‡e| wKš‘ cÖwZwµqvkxj gymwjg jxM miKvi wQj MYwe‡ivax| Zviv GB Av‡›`vjb A¼z‡i webvk Kivi Rb¨ NUbv ’‡j 5 Rb cywjk I GKRb `v‡ivMv cvVvb| cywj‡ki cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki nv‡Z wQj ivB‡dj| cywjk‡K †`‡L K…lKiv we¶zä n‡q DVj| ejøg, Zxi, aby‡K mw¾Z n‡q Zviv cywjk‡K wN‡i †djj| cywjk †ec‡ivqv ¸wj Quy‡oI euvP‡Z cvij bv| NUbv ’‡j 5 Rb cywjkB gviv †Mj| cieZx©‡Z NUbvi e¨vcKZv Dcjwä K‡i NUbv ’‡j miKvi ˆmb¨ cvVvj| ˆmb¨‡ì AvaywbK ivB‡dj, †gwkbMv‡bi mv‡_ jovB Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡KB AvZ¥vûwZ w`j| wnsmª ˆmbïv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg R¡vwj‡q w`j| i‡gb wgÎ, Bjv wgÎ Ges gvZjv m ©vimn A‡b‡Ki bv‡g ûwjqv †ei n‡jv| Bjv wgÎ PvikÕ mn‡hv×v wb‡q mxgvš— cvi n‡Z Pvw”Q‡jb| wKš‘ c_ †`Lvevi Dchy³ †jvK wQj bv| Bjv wgÎ muvIZvj‡ì †cvkvK c‡iwQ‡jb| †ivnbcyi †ij †÷k‡bi Kv‡Q †cuŠQ‡j ˆmbïv Zv‡ì †NivI K‡i †d‡j| wZwb `ª“Z cjvq‡bi †Póv Ki‡jb| muvIZvj fvlvq K_vI ej‡jb| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— wZwb aiv c‡o †M‡jb| Zuvi mn‡hv×v‡ì KvQ †_‡K ¯^xKv‡ivw³ Av`vq Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡ì ejv n‡jvÑ ej, Bjv wgÎ cywjk‡K gvivi Rb¨ ûKzg w`‡qwQj| Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡ì †Q‡o †è| hw` ZzB GK_v bv ewjm Z‡e †Zv‡K G‡Kev‡i †g‡i †dje| GB K_v e‡j Zviv I‡ì †c‡U ey‡K eyU w`‡q m‡Rv‡i jvw_ gvi‡Z jvM‡jv| gyL w`‡q Zv‡ì i³ Mwo‡q co‡Z jvM‡jv| wKš‘ Kv‡iv gyL w`‡q GKwU †kLv‡bv K_vI †ei n‡jv bv| gvgjv mvRvevi Rb¨ gvi‡Z gvi‡Z G‡ì A‡bK‡K †g‡i †d‡j‡Q, ZeyI Zv‡ì gyL †_‡K Bjv wg‡Îi bvg †ei nqwb| Gevi Bjv wg‡Îi cvjv| Zuvi Ici ˆckvwPK bviKxq AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡qwQj, c„w_exi †Kv‡bv †`‡ki BwZnv‡m GB iKg bviKxq Kvwnbx weij| Zv‡ì wei“‡× †h gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq, Zv cwiPvjbv Kivi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib G †`‡ki GKRb jä-cÖwZô A¨vW‡fv‡KU, Kzwgjøvi cÖqvZ Kvwgbx Kzgvi `Ë| gvgjv A‡bKw`b a‡i P‡jwQj| gvgjvq Avmvwg‡ì hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê nq| Avwc‡j `Ê n«vm †c‡q 10 eQi nq| G mgq (1954) Bjv wgÎ †R‡j fqvbKfv‡e Amy ’ n‡q c‡ob| Zuv‡K wPwKrmvi Rb¨ XvKv †gwWK¨vj nvmcvZv‡j Avbv nq| ZLb KvR©b n‡j c~e© cvwK —vb mvwnZ¨ m‡¤§j‡bi Abyôvb PjwQj| Avgiv PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖvq kZvwaK wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K wb‡q XvKvq G‡mwQjvg| Bjv wgÎ

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Avwg Avav-†PZb Ae ’vq Lye †ewk R¡‡ii g‡a¨ wQjvg| †h‡nZz Avgvi Ae ’v µgvMZ Lviv‡ci w`‡K hvw”Qj, †mw`b Avgv‡K beveMÄ nvmcvZv‡j cvVv‡bv nq| Gici Avgvi Ae ’v Av‡iv m¼Uvcbœ n‡jv| ZLb 21/1/50 Zvwi‡L beveMÄ †_‡K ivRkvnx †K› ªxq KvivMv‡i wb‡q G‡m †mLv‡b Avgv‡K †Rj nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© K‡i †Ìqv n‡jv| †Kv‡bv Ae ’v‡ZB cywjk‡K Avwg wKQy ewjwb Ges Ic‡i hv e‡jwQ Zvi †ewk Avgvi ejvi wKQy †bB|Ó Bjv wg‡Îi Revbew›`m¤^wjZ B‡ —nviwU XvKvq KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †Mvcb †K‡› ªi mvB‡Kv÷vBj †gwk‡b Qvcv n‡j, AvZ¥‡Mvcb Ae ’vq Kg‡iW KíZi“ †mb¸ß yÕwU Kwc PÆMÖv‡g wb‡q Av‡mb| cvwU© mg_©K GKwU †cÖ‡m †Mvc‡b GB B‡ —nv‡ii cuvP nvRvi Kwc Avgiv Qvwc‡q †ei Kwi| IB mgq cvwK —v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb PÆMÖv‡g Av‡mb| c¨v‡iW MÖvD‡Û wekvj Rbmfv AbywôZ nq| Avwg Ges Avgvi K‡qKRb mnKgx© IB Rbmfvq GB B‡ —nvi wewj Kwi| cvwU© †_‡K Avgv‡K ejv n‡qwQj †h, ag©vÜ RbZv KZ©„K Avµvš— n‡j mfvq Avgv‡ì wPýI Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| GB mZK©Zv evYx m‡Ë¡I †mw`b †h B‡ —nviwU wewj Ki‡Z †c‡iwQjvg, Zvi Rb¨ cÖf~Z †MŠie Abyfe Kwi| PÆMÖv‡g wewj Kiv B‡ —nv‡ii gva¨‡g Avš—R©vwZK †cÖm GB NUbv Ges B‡ —nv‡ii eqvb †`‡k-we‡`‡k cÖPvi K‡i| GB B‡ —nv‡ii gva¨‡gB Bjv wg‡Îi Ici cvkweK AZ¨vPv‡ii NUbv fvi‡Z Ges c„w_exi bvbv ’v‡bi gvbyl Rvb‡Z cv‡i| fvi‡Zi cvj©v‡g‡›U cÖkœ I‡V, fviZ miKvi cvwK —vb miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Kov †bvU cvVvq| IB mgq PÆMÖv‡g Avgiv 5wU kixiPP©v †K› ª ’vcb Kwi| G‡Z kixiPP©v QvovI jvB‡eªwi Ges cvVPµ ’vcb Kwi| cÖwZwU cvVP‡µ gvK©m&ev` wk¶vi Av‡qvRb Kwi| Gme K¬v‡e PÆMÖvg hye we‡ ªv‡ni gyw³cÖvß exi bvqK‡ì A‡b‡KB kixiPP©v cÖwk¶Y w`‡Zb| GKB mg‡q Avgiv PÆMÖv‡g †h hye Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb Kwi †mLv‡b Kvjy wmsn, my‡L› y `w — vi, Awbj iw¶Z †gvUi Mvwo Uvbv, ey‡Ki Ici w`‡q †gvUi Mvwo P‡j hvIqv Ges †jvnvi †gvUv cvZ nv‡Z w¯cÖs‡qi g‡Zv `yg‡o †djv BZ¨vw` kvixwiK Kmir cÖ k©b K‡ib| Gme K¬v‡ei evQvB Kiv yBkÕ Kgx© wb‡q Avwg Ges Avgvi mn‡hv×v K…ò‡Mvcvj †mb, j²xKvš— `Ë, wbg©j wgÎ, Pv› y v, iYwRZ kg©v, AvIi½‡Re, wegvb fÆvPvh©, bbx `vm cÖgyL †Mvc‡b GKw`b Rvjvjvev` cvnv‡o hvB, †hLv‡b gv÷vi`vÕi †bZ…‡Z¡ PÆMÖvg hye we‡ ªv‡ni exi †mbvbxiv weªwUk ˆmb¨‡ì m‡½ gy‡LvgywL jovB K‡iwQj| †mLv‡b †`kvZ¥‡evaK Mv‡bi ci Bjv wg‡Îi D‡Ï‡k mvgwiK Kvq`vq MvW© Ae Ab©vi cÖ vb Kwi| Zuvi Ici GB cvkweK wbh©vZ‡bi B‡ —nviwUI cvV Kiv nq Ges GB wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZ‡kva †bqvi Rb¨ mK‡j mg ^‡i cÖwZÁvcÎI cvV Kwi| †mB cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z Avgv‡ì mgq jv‡M `xN© GKzk eQi, 1971 mv‡j †`k ¯vaxb Kivi gva¨‡g| ^vaxbZv AvKvk †_‡K wQu‡o c‡owb| Bjv wg‡Îi g‡Zv kZ kZ exi †mbvbx‡ì AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi dj GB ¯^vaxbZv| KíZi“ †mb¸‡ßi AvZ¥Rxebx cvV K‡i Bjv wgÎ G wel‡q AeMZ n‡j wZwb KjKvZv †_‡K Avš—wiK K…ZÁZv Rvwb‡q Avgv‡K GKwU wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb| KjKvZvq Zuvi evmvq K‡qKevi Zvi m‡½ †`Lv n‡q‡Q| XvKvq G‡j Zvi m‡½ †`Lv K‡iwQ| wZwb wQ‡jb g‡b-cÖv‡Y RbM‡Yi GKRb AK…wÎg eÜz Ges mv”Pv KwgDwb÷| AvR wZwb †bB| Kwe †Mvjvg KzÏy‡mi KweZvi K‡qKwU jvBb D×„Z K‡i Zuvi D‡Ï‡k kª×v wb‡e`b KiwQ t

Bjv wgÎ K…l‡Ki cÖvY! Bjv wgÎ dzwP‡Ki †evb! Bjv wgÎ ÷vwjb bw›`bx! Bjv wgÎ †Zvgvi Avgvi msMÖv‡gi myZx¶è we‡eK! Bjv wgÎ `jv`wj Avi ¶z ªZvi iƒp frm©bv! Bjv wgÎ bvixi gwngv! Bjv wgÎ evOvwji †g‡q!

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ÑwKš‘ Avwg wK gyL †`Lv‡Z cvie? Ñ†Zvgvi wK †è`v, Zzwg cyi“l gvbyl| AvR bv nq Kvj †Zvgvi Kj‡¼i K_v mevB fyj‡e| yÕw`b c‡i †KD g‡b ivL‡e bvÑ K‡e †Kvb iv‡Î nZfvwMbx cve©Zx †Zvgvi cv‡q gv_v ivLevi Rb¨ mg¯— Zz”Q K‡i G‡mwQj| Avgvi Kj‡¼i K_v ejQ? bv, Avgvi Kj¼ †bB| †Zvgvi Kv‡Q †Mvc‡b G‡mwQjvg e‡j hw` wb‡›` nq, †m wb‡›` Avgvi Mv‡q jvM‡e bv| ÑI wK cvi“ Kuv`Q? †mB „k¨wU Avgvi Kv‡Q GL‡bv Rxeš— n‡q Av‡Q| hLb cve©Zx †è`v‡mi cv‡qi Ici gv_v †i‡L †Ku‡` e‡jwQj, GBLv‡b GKUz ’vb `vI †è`v| †è`vm e‡jwQj, evc-gv‡qi G‡Kev‡i AgZ, Zv ï‡bQ cvi“? evc-gv‡qi Aeva¨ n‡ev? Ñ†`vl wK, nI| †mB †h cve©Zx †è`vm‡K ej‡Q, †è`v b`x‡Z KZ Rj, GZ R‡jI wK Avgvi Kj¼ Pvcv co‡e bv? Gme msjvc wK KL‡bv †fvjv hvq? Gici †è`vm cve©Zx‡K GKwU wPwV‡Z e‡jwQj, †Zvgv‡K Avwg †h eo fv‡jvevwmZvg, Zvnv Avgvi †Kv‡bvw`b g‡b nq bvB| AvwRI †Zvgvi Rb¨ Avgvi Aš—‡ii g‡a¨ wbiwZkq †K¬k †eva Kwi‡ZwQ bv| ïay GB Avgvi eo ytL †h Zzwg Avgvi Rb¨ Kó cvB‡e| Zvici †è`v‡mi KjKvZvq hvIqv, †mLv‡b Pzwbjv‡ji m‡½ cwiPq|

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wkLv wPwV‡Z Zvi A‡bK bvg eënvi Ki‡Zv| KL‡bv mv_x, KL‡bv wPiš—b, KL‡bv †`vjb Pvcv, KL‡bv wkLv, KL‡bv KweZv| Avwg Zv‡K bv‡gi †bkvq KweZv e‡j WvKZvg| Avi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wPwV‡Z †m Avgv‡K m‡¤^vab Ki‡Zv Kwe e‡j| Zvi Kv‡b Kv‡b WvKv bvg Avgvi Rxe‡b mv_©K n‡q‡Q| †m GB WvK †i‡L †M‡Q Ab‡š—i Kv‡b| Ônvq †i ü`q/ †Zvgvi mÂq/ w`bv‡š— wbkv‡š— ïay c_cÖv‡š— †d‡j †h‡Z nq/ bvB bvB, bvB †h mgq\Õ Avgvi Rxe‡b A‡bK So-SvcUvi ga¨w`‡q Avwg eo n‡qwQ| ivRbxwZ Ki‡Z wM‡q Rxe‡b Pig g~j¨ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv wKQy ¸wQ‡q ivL‡Z cvwiwb| hv wKQy †MvQv‡bv wQjÑ Avgvi mg„× jvB‡eªwi, †PŠÏ eQ‡ii ivR‰bwZK Wvqwi, cÖKvwkZ eB, AcÖKvwkZ cvÊywjwc meB Õ71 mv‡j cvwK —v‡bi `my iv Avgvi evwo‡Z Av¸b w`‡q cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q| †mB ytmn wbh©vZ‡bi nvZ Gwo‡q wkLvi A‡bK wPwV Avwg D×vi K‡iwQ| Zvi g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì msKUKv‡ji GKwU wPwV GLv‡b ûeû Zz‡j w`jvg|

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Av”Qv Zzwg ciRb¥ gvb‡Zv Ñ GR‡b¥ bv †nvK, ciR‡b¥ me `vex wgwU‡q †`‡ev|

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BwZ †Zvgvi mv_x

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ïµevi mÜ¨v 15-2-47

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P›`bbMi 27-7-47 Bs

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gyneŸr wR›`vev` ÔwPiš—bÕ

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5B Beltola Road Calcutta-26

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1947 mv‡j †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Kx D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q mxgvš— †ei Kwi

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†`‡ki g~javivi m‡½ m¤ú„³ Amv¤cÖ vwqK RvZxqZvev` Ges gvbeZvwfwËK ag©wbi‡c¶ HwZn¨‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z ïi“ nq cvwK —vb Av‡›`vjb| ^vaxbZvi g~javivi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQj fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖm| RvZxq Ks‡MÖm g~jZ Amv¤cÖ vwqK n‡jI

Amv¤cÖ vwqK †PZbvi my „p wfZ cÖwZôvq e¨_© nq| d‡j weªwUk kvmKiv gymjgvb‡ì gymwjg jxM `‡j GKwÎZ K‡i †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i †bZ…‡Z¡ Dcgnv‡`k‡K yB iv‡óª wef³ Kivi c‡_ †V‡j †`q| GK `vi“Y D‡ËRbvq wewl‡q I‡V mgMÖ Dcgnv‡`k| wn› y-gymjgvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ vq HKë× n‡q weªwUk mvgªvRëv‡ì wei“‡× i“‡L uvovevi m¤¢vebv i‡³i eb¨vq wecbœ n‡q c‡o| mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vq i³iwÄZ n‡q I‡V †MvUv †`k| †`k‡Rvov MYAfy Ìvb åvZ…NvZx `v½vq gyL _ye‡o c‡o| mv¤cÖ vwqKZvi AwfNv‡Z †Ku‡c I‡V RbRxe‡bi wfwËg~j| †Pbv Rxe‡bi Avkªq †_‡K gvbyl wbw¶ß nq GK A‡Pbv RM‡Zi cwi‡e‡k| mgvR wecø‡ei e¨_© gnovq KvZi n‡q DwV Avgiv| GK †kªYxi gymwjg mvwnwZ¨K Ges eyw×Rxex 1944 mv‡j KjKvZvi Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R i¨v‡bkuvm m‡¤§j‡b GKwÎZ nb| Zuviv cÖvYc‡Y cÖgvY Kivi †Póv K‡ib evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ evsjvi gymjgv‡bi ms¯‹…wZ bq| G ms¯‹wZ we`¨vmvMi, ew¼gP› ª †_‡K iex› ªbv_, kirP› ª hy‡Mi ms¯‹…wZ| GUv LyeB DbœZ ms¯‹…wZ n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e GUv evsjvi gymjgv‡bi ms¯‹…wZ bq| Z¨v‡Mi Av`k©, êiv‡Mï Av`k©, fw³ev‡ì Av`k©, †cÖ‡gi Av`k©, mg¯—B DuPz`‡ii Av`k©| GB Av`k©‡K eywbqv` K‡i, wn›`y wkí-ms¯‹…wZ‡mex gbxlxiv †h mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb, †m meB n‡q‡Q LyeB D”Pv‡½i mvwnZ¨ Ges Zv c‡o Aci mK‡ji g‡Zv, gymjgvb im wccvmyivI wccvmv wbeviY K‡i| wKš‘ mwZ¨ K_v GB †h, GB ms¯‹…wZ‡Z fw³-†cÖg hZB DuPz`‡ii Av`k© †nvK, gymjgv‡bi Zv Rxebv`k© bq (m~Î t Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, c~e© cvwK —vb i¨v‡bkuvm m‡¤§jb, 1 RyjvB 1944, g~j mfvcwZi fvlY)| GB ^vZ‡š¿ i `vwe Rvwb‡q wZwb wb‡RB Avevi cÖkœ †Zv‡jb, ÔZ‡e wK evsjvi gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv mvwnwZ¨K-mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ †bB? Zv‡K wK Z‡e mvwnZ¨ mvabvq K L †_‡K ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡e? wZwb wb‡RB DËi w`‡jb, bv| Ae ’v GZUv ˆbivk¨RbK bq| evsjvi eZ©gvb mvwn‡Z¨ gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv `vb †bB e‡j evOvwj gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv mvwnZ¨ †bB, GK_v wVK bq| e ‘Z gymjgv‡bi †hgb GK wbR ^ ms¯‹…wZ Av‡Q, †Zgwb Zv‡ì GKwU wbR ^ mvwnZÏ Av‡Q| †m mvwn‡Zï bvg gymjgvwb evsjv mvwnZ¨ ev cuyw_ mvwnZ¨| gv`ªvmv, g³‡e j¶ j¶ gymjgvb cvVK hv †_‡K Rxe‡bi †cÖiYv cv‡”Q|Õ IB m‡¤§j‡b wZwb `xN©w`‡bi HwZn¨-mg„× evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K ïay A ^xKvi K‡ib, Zv bq| wZwb eZ©gvb fvlvi Bmjvwg iƒcvš—i Ges eY©gvjv ms¯‹v‡ii K_vI Zz‡jwQ‡jb| ejv evûj¨, GB gZvgZ Zvi GKvi wQj bv| e¨wZµg wQ‡jb GKgvÎ nexeyjøvn evnvi| IB m‡¤§j‡b cwVZ mgy q fvl‡Yi g~j myi wQj GKwU| evOvwj gymjgvbiv Avjv`v RvwZ Ges Zvi ms¯‹…wZ (ZgÏyb) evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi g~javiv †_‡K wew”Qbœ| evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ gv‡b wn› y ms¯‹…wZ| GB wek¦v‡mi wfwËf~wg‡Z uvwo‡q cvwK —vb-wek¦vmx Gme Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K fve‡jb, Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ n‡e Bmjvwg Ges Zv gymjgvb‡K wb‡qB, gymjgv‡bi Rb¨| Avi †mB mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ cwicyó n‡e Bmjvwg fvev`‡k© agx©q cÖeYZv wb‡qB| ïay fvlv bq| GB ms¯‹…wZ mvabvi e¨vcv‡i wb‡R‡ì HwZn¨ Kx n‡e Zv mywbw ©ó Ki‡Z wM‡q Zviv ej‡jb, Avgv‡ì HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨ †hLv‡b we› ygvÎ wn› yqvwb MÜ Av‡Q, Zv eR©bxq| fvlvi iƒcvš—i NUv‡Z wM‡q Zviv ej‡jb, evsjv fvlvi eZ©gvb iƒc AweK…Z ivLv hv‡e bv| GB fvlv‡K cwi‡kvab Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gvb Ae ’vq †h fvlv Av‡Q, Zv‡K ivóªfvlvI Kiv hv‡e bv| Aviwe A¶‡i evsjv wjL‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw`| Avi GB wQbœg~j ms¯‹…wZi bvg w`‡jb Zviv ZgÏyb| Gme Kwe-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki KweZvq, cÖe‡Ü GgbwK Mí I bvU¨-mvwn‡Z¨ cÖPzi Aviwe-dviwm-D y© k‡ãi h‡_”Q eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Ggb GK D™¢U fvlv m„wói Kv‡R

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Zrci n‡q DV‡jb, hv‡Z evsjv fvlvi g~jZ we‡”Q` Avbvi †Póv ïi“ n‡jv ejv hvq| GB we‡”Q‡ì nvZ †_‡K evsjv †jvKR ms¯‹…wZI ev` †Mj bv| c‡njv êkv‡Li g‡Zv mve©Rbxb Drme‡K ejv n‡jv wn›`yqvwb| cÖ xc R¡vwj‡q †Kv‡bv Abyôvb ïi“ Kiv‡K ejv n‡jv A‰bmjvwgK| iex›`ª Ges bRi“j Rqš—x‡Z Zuv‡ì Qwe UvOv‡bv ch©š— Pig cÖwZev‡ì gy‡LvgywL n‡jv| cvwK —vwb bxwZi bv‡g †`‡ki wkí-mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K cðvrgyLx Kivi Av‡qvRb ZxeªZi n‡jv| GB msKxY©Zv‡eva wb‡q †`k fvM nq| mvs¯‹…wZK msK‡U mKj eyw×Rxexi wPš—v wew¶ß| Ggwb GK mgq, 1948 mv‡j †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKvq igbvi gv‡V m`‡¤¢ †NvlYv K‡ib Urdu and Urdu alone shall be the State language of Pakistan. ZLb gymwjg jxM RbwcªqZvi kx‡l©| gymwjg jx‡Mi ZíxevnK eyw×Rxex, wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i ^‡cœ we‡fvi| ivRbxwZ w`‡q mivmwi †gvKv‡ejv Kiv m¤¢e bq †R‡b mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g wRbœvn&i m`¤¢ Dw³, miKv‡ii wbh©vZb Ges MYwe‡ivax Kvh©Kjv‡ci wei“‡× cÖwZev` ïi“ nq| Av‡MB e‡jwQ, 1945 mv‡j †Rjv RR ˆkevj ¸ß Ges Zuvi ¿x A‡kvKv ¸‡ßi AvMÖ‡n PÆMÖv‡g cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Avgiv iex›`ª Rqš—x D`hvcb Kwi| m¤¢eZ GUvB PÆMÖv‡g cÖ_g iex› ª Rqš—x| IB eQ‡iB Avgiv Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì wZb w`be¨vcx R‡b¥vrme cvjb Kwi| 1946 mv‡j cÖZ¨¶ msMÖv‡gi wecix‡Z `v½vi wei“‡× me© jxqfv‡e e¨vcK AvKv‡i bRi“j Rqš—x D`hvwcZ nq| GUvB PÆMÖv‡gi me©cÖ_g bRi“j R‡b¥vrme| Drme †k‡l †ei Kwi weivU `v½vwe‡ivax wgwQj| G‡Z AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb PÆMÖv‡gi gymjgvb mgv‡Ri wewkó e¨w³iv| iwdDwÏb wmwÏKx, Ave yj nK †`vfvl, Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix, Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, Aveyj dRj, cÖ‡dmi nvweeyi ingvb cÖgyL| GQvov G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib PÆMÖvg A ¿vMvi `L‡ji gvgjvi m`¨ gyw³cÖvß exi msMÖvgx Aw¤^Kv PµeZx©, M‡Yk †Nvl, Abš— wmsn, †jvKbv_ ej Ges Kíbv `Ë| 1947 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m †ei Kwi Ômxgvš—ÕÑ GKwU cÖwZev`x gvwmK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv| ZLb Avgvi eqm gvÎ wek| Avgiv hviv KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †bZ…‡Z¡ ywbqv Ry‡o d¨vwmev‡ì wei“‡× jovB K‡iwQ, weªwUk mvgªvRëv`‡K weZvwoZ Kivi msMÖv‡g RbMY‡K mvg‡b wb‡q G‡mwQ, mv¤cÖ vwqKZvi Awfkvc †_‡K †`k‡K gy³ Kivi msMÖvg K‡iwQ, wkí-mvwnZ¨‡K RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q G‡b Zv‡ì i“wU-i“wRi AwaKvi‡K mywbwðZ Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ, evg †PZbvi weKv‡ki †¶‡Î KvR K‡iwQÑ Zviv †`k‡K GB cðvrc`Zvi w`‡K †V‡j †`qv‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| gyw³i c_ †Kv_vq, Gi mÜv‡b Avgiv Ômxgvš—Õ‡K mvg‡b wb‡q Gjvg| Amv¤cÖ vwqK gvbeZvev`x ms¯‹wZi PP©v, RvZxq cÖMwZ, wek¦kvwš—, wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki m„wókxj ¶gZv‡K gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ Kiv, evsjv mvwn‡Zï †MŠi‡ev¾¡j HwZn¨‡K g~javivq GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv, me iKg weK…wZ, Kyms¯‹vi K~cgÊ~KZv, RvwZ-ag©-eY© Ges m¤cÖ vqMZ we‡f‡ì wei“‡× Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨Õ GB Av`k©‡K D‡”P Zz‡j m„wókxj mvwnZ¨ PP©v‡K DrmvwnZ KivB wQj Ômxgv‡š—Õi g~j D‡Ïk¨| GB j‡¶¨ †cuŠQvi Rb¨ c~e© I cwðg evsjvi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡a¨ ˆgÎx Ges HK¨ cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgiv Dfq evsjvi bexb I cÖexY †jLK‡ì KvQ †_‡K †jLv msMª‡n m‡Pó n‡q DwV| d‡j `yB evsjvi gvbeZvev`x †jLK m¤cÖ vq Ômxgv‡š—Õi AvZ¥cÖKvk‡K Awfbw›`Z K‡i webv cvwikªwg‡K †jLv w`‡Z AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb| c~e© evsjvi cÖw_Zhkv mvwnwZ¨K Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, W. gyn¤§` knx yjøvn, Kwe gCbyÏxb, mywdqv Kvgvj, gbmyi“Ïxb, RmxgD & xb, W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK, gvneye-Dj Avjg, Inx yj Avjg, Aveyj dRj, kIKZ Imgvb, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix, Aveyj evix Iqv‡imx, Awgqf~lY PµeZx©, gyn¤§` nexeyjøvn evnvi, †di`vDm Lvb cÖgyL| bexb‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb gybxi †PŠayix, mvbvDj nK, Kwe AvZvDi ingvb, kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg, AvjvDwÏb Avj-AvRv`, kvgmyi ivngvb, Kwe gwZDj Bmjvg, †Mvcvj wek¦vm, my‡evaiÄb ivq, Ge‡b †Mjvg bex, myavsï miKvi, myPwiZ †PŠayix, †Kke †PŠayix, wewRZ Kzgvi `Ë, Ave`yjøvn Avj gyZx kidzÏxb, Avey Rvdi Ievq yjøvn Lvb, gyZ©Rv ekxi, Ave yj Mwb nvRvix, mvBdzj Avjg, wmivRyj Bmjvg (AvwRR wgwmi), mg‡i›`ª `Ë, Drcj †PŠayix, †evinvbDÏxb Lvb Rvnv½xi, †èwcÖq eo–qv, AwPš— PµeZx©, ïfvkxl †PŠayix, bbx †mb¸ß, knx` mv‡ei, i“ —g Lvb, AvBbybœvnvi, byi“bœvnvi cÖgyL| cwðge‡½i Abœ vk¼i ivq, m‡Z¨› ªbv_ gRyg`vi, my‡kvfb miKvi, †Mvcvj nvj`vi, wegjP› ª †Nvl, myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, ey×‡è emy, Avey mqx` AvBqye, weòz †`, g½jvPiY P‡Ævcva¨vq, Rxeb

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mgq wek¦L¨vZ Kwe cve‡jv †bi“`v fvi‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb kvwš—i Av‡e`‡b cwÊZ RInijvj †bni“i ^v¶i msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨| wKš‘ †bni“ †mB kvwš—i Av‡e`‡b mB K‡ibwb| mvivRxeb cwÊZ †bni“i cÖwZ Avgvi wQj Acwimxg kª×v| GK_v Avwg Avgvi ¯§„wZ K_vi Ab¨ Aa¨v‡q wj‡LwQ| wKš‘ AvYweK †evgv wbwl×Ki‡Yi `vwei Av‡e`b c‡Î ¯v¶i bv Kivq Avwg LyeB wew¯§Z n‡qwQjvg| mvivRxeb †bni“ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cÖksmv K‡i G‡m‡Qb Ges mgvRZš¿‡K mgvR eë ’vi †kªô —i e‡j ^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| cieZx©Kv‡j †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| †mB †bni“ kvwš—i Av‡e`‡b ^v¶i bv †Ìqvq Zvi eû AbyivMx Zvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| ivRbxwZ Ggb GKwU A¶µxov, hv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq eo gv‡ci gvbyl‡KI nVvr †QvU K‡i †d‡j| ejv evûj¨, c„w_exi †kªô gbxlxiv evb©vW© kÕ, wcKv‡mv, cve‡jv †bi“`v, Auv‡ ªwR`, Ru v cj muv‡Î †_‡K ïi“ K‡i G †`‡ki †Mvcvj nvj`vi, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, Kwe wegj P› ª †Nvl, KvRx Ave yj I y , LvRv Avng` AveŸvm, K„lY P›ì, BmgZ PzNZvB, gyj&K ivR& Avb&›` ch©š— mevB G‡Z ^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb| g‡b c‡o, mviv fviZ wek¦kvwš— cwil‡ì Ab¨Zg †bZv wPË wek¦vm PÆMÖv‡gi †jvK Ñ Avgvi Nwbô eÜz| Pwjøk `k‡K PÆMÖvg †Rjv QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi †m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb| IB mgq Zvi m‡½ cve‡jv †bi“`vi mv‡_ †`Lv Kivi Zxeª AvMÖn wb‡q bqvw`jøx wM‡qwQjvg| GB Rxeš— cÖev`cÖwZg Kwe‡K †`Lvi †mŠfvM¨ Avgvi n‡qwQj| wZwb Zuvi GKwU Kve¨MÖš’ Residence on Earth eBwU Avgv‡K Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb| †mB †mŠfv‡Mï K_v g‡b co‡j cÖf~Z †MŠie Abyfe Kwi| †mw`b Ae ’v GgbB wQj Ñ GB Av‡e`‡b gymwjg jxM, ZgÏyb gRwjk †_‡K ïi“ K‡i `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l mevB ^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Ks‡MÖ‡mi †bZv‡ì ^v¶i msMÖ‡n Avgiv e¨_© nB|

G cÖm‡½ Ômxgv‡š—Õi cÖ_g msL¨vq (b‡f¤î, 1947) cÖKvwkZ Avgvi †jLv Ô ^vaxbZvÕ KweZvwU Ges 1984 mv‡j †jLv Ô ^vaxbZv t 1984Õ (KweZv) GLv‡b Zz‡j w`jvg hv‡Z 37 eQ‡i Avgvi KweZv †Kvb RvqMvq G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q Zv Zzjbv Kiv hvq Ges Õ47 †_‡K Õ84 mvj ch©š— G †`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z Kx cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q Zvi QweI cvIqv hvq| Avgvi KweZvq ^vaxbZvi †h cÖZ¨vkv wQj, Zv KZUzKz c~iY n‡q‡Q ZvI †evSv mnR n‡e| GLb Avgiv ^vaxbZvi †Kvb ch©v‡q AvwQ?

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Ômxgvš—Õ Ges Wv. cÖdzj− P› ª †Nvl GK Aa¨v‡q e‡jwQ, cwðge‡½i cÖavbgš¿x (Av‡M gyL¨gš¿x‡K cÖavbgš¿x ejv n‡Zv) Wv. cÖdzj−P›`ª †Nvl 1947 mv‡ji 29 A‡±vei PÆMÖv‡g G‡mwQ‡jb| PÆMÖvgevmxi c¶ †_‡K Avgiv Zuv‡K Af¨_©bv Rvwb‡qwQjvg| GB Dcj‡¶ mxgv‡š— wj‡LwQjvgÑ Wv. †Nvl‡K AvR Avgiv ïay cÖexY RbbvqK wn‡m‡e †`LwQ bv, †`LwQ fviZ I cvwK —v‡bi me©‡kªô cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e| Aí K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb KjKvZvq `gb K‡i‡Qb `v½vevR‡ì, weªwUk Avg‡j ybx©wZcivqY Nyl‡Lvi Avgjv‡ì, †PvivKvievwi, gRy `vi I AwZ‡jvfx evwoIqvjv‡ì| wKš‘ me©v‡c¶v D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv n‡jv Ñ MYkw³i wecyj K‡g©v`¨g‡K miKvwi cÖ‡Póvi m‡½ hy³ Kiv| †h MYkw³ weªwUk ivR kw³‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡iwQj, †mB ivóª‡K D‡”Q` Ki‡Z GwM‡q hvw”Qj, AvR †mB kw³B MVbg~jK msKí wb‡q Wv. †Nv‡li †bZ…‡Z¡ bZzb ¯vaxb ivóª‡K M‡o Zzj‡Q| KjKvZvi RbMY ZvB Kg †ikb †c‡qI, RxweKvgvb AwZ D”P nIqv m‡Ë¡I GB Mfb©‡g›U‡K aŸsm Ki‡Z Pvq bv Ñ Pvq GB Mfb©‡g›U‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i hZ wkMwMi m¤¢e ytmgq AwZµg Ki‡Z| weRqv I C‡ì Avwj½‡bi g‡a¨ AvR †mB msKí „pZi n‡q‡Q| PÆMÖv‡gi wekvj Rbmfvq wZwb e³…Zv K‡iwQ‡jb| e‡j‡Qb, hw` †Kv‡bv Awf‡hvM _v‡K Z‡e Dfq iv‡óªi msL¨vjNyiv †hb Avcbvcb iv‡óªi cÖavbgš¿xi Kv‡QB cÖwZKvi cÖv_©bv K‡i| AvR evsjv Dch©ycwi yf©v‡Mï AvNv‡Z ¶Z-we¶Z, Zvi Ici bqv iv‡óªi cË‡b ^vfvweK Aeë ’v eZ©gvb| Gm‡ei nvZ Gwo‡q Ges G mK‡ji wei“‡× gvby‡li g‡Zv bv uvwo‡q msMÖvg Kivi cwie‡Z© †h mg — abx I wkw¶Z e¨w³ wbivcËv I ms¯‹…wZi †`vnvB w`‡q wbwðš— Aviv‡gi A‡š^l‡Y †`k Z¨vM K‡i Qy‡U P‡j‡Qb Ab¨Î, ^v_©c‡ii g‡Zv ev ‘ Z¨vM K‡i Zviv ïay Avcb iv‡óªi cÖwZB AvbyMZ¨nxbZv cÖKvk Ki‡Qb bv, Zviv Zv‡ì Mwie AvZ¥xq‡ì K_vI fve‡Qb bv| cjvq‡b”Qy abx‡ì Avgiv Aby‡iva Ki‡ev, Zviv †hb Wv. †Nv‡li Dc‡`‡ki gg© MÖnY K‡ib| GB e³„Zvi ci PÆMÖvg kvwš— cwil‡ì c¶ †_‡K Avgiv Zuvi m‡½ Pv-P‡µ wgwjZ nB| `xN©¶Y Avjvc Kwi Ges Zuv‡K cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`B, hv‡Z msL¨vjNyiv DØv ‘ n‡q †`k †Q‡o bv hvq| Zvi Rb¨ kvwš— cwil‡ì yÕnvRvi Kgx© bvbvfv‡e KvR Ki‡Q| MÖv‡gI Avgiv kvwš— KwgwU M‡o Zz‡jwQ| Zv‡ì g‡b Av ’vi fve wd‡i G‡m‡Q| Wv. cÖdzjøP› ª †Nvl †`k fvM nIqvi ci cwðge‡½i cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x wbhy³ nb| wZwb mr, PwiÎevb Ges wbôvevb e¨w³| GKRb MvÜxev`x wn‡m‡e wZwb mnR-mij Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb| wb‡Ri nv‡Z PiKvq myZv eqb K‡i wb‡Ri Kvco-†Pvco ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| `xN©Kvj wZwb weªwUkwe‡ivax msMÖv‡g wjß wQ‡jb| eûevi †Rj †L‡U‡Qb| †Kv‡bvw`b Avcm K‡ibwb| ybx©wZevR‡ì wZwb Avš—wiKfv‡e N„Yv Ki‡Zb| wZwb cÖavbgš¿x nIqvi ci cwðge‡½i ybx©wZevR eëmvqx, gv‡ovqvwi Ges Avgjviv HKë× n‡q Zuv‡K H c` †_‡K AcmviY Kivi Pµv‡š— wjß nq| IB kw³kvjx lohš¿Kvix‡ì Pµv‡š— wZwb `xN©w`b cÖavbgš¿xi c‡` wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡ibwb| c‡i Ks‡MÖ‡mI Zuvi ’vb nqwb| wZwb cÖRv †mvk¨vwj÷ cvwU©‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| euvavB nIqvi Av‡M Wv. †Nvl‡K Ômxgv‡š—Õi GKwU AMÖwš’Z Kwc Dcnvi w`‡qwQjvg| Ômxgvš—Õ c‡o wZwb KjKvZv †_‡K Avgv‡K GKwU wPwV cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wj‡LwQ‡jb, Ò.......... Ômxgvš—Õ KvM‡Ri .......... cÖ_g msL¨v cvV‡Ki nv‡Z †cuŠQvevi c~‡e©B †`Levi †mŠfvM¨ n‡jv| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk AvR Ô†evevÕ| G KvMR hw` Zv‡ì cÖv‡Yi K_v e¨³ Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡eB G KvMR cÖKvk mv_©K n‡e|Ó (21-10-47) Zuvi wPwVi wKQyUv Ask Avgiv Ômxgv‡š—Õi cÖ_g msL¨vi cÖ”Q‡` Qvwc‡qwQjvg| c~e©e‡½i ^v ’ gš¿x gyn¤§` nexeyjøvn evnvi Ômxgvš—Õ cÖKvk Dcj‡¶ Avgv‡K GKwU wPwV †j‡Lb| †mB wPwVwUI Ômxgv‡š—Õi cÖ_g c„ôvq Qvcv n‡qwQj|

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Ômxgv‡š—Õi cÖ_g msL¨vq wj‡LwQ‡jb, gyn¤§` nexeyjøvn evnvi, Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix, K_vwkíx gvneye-Dj Avjg, W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK, gCbyÏxb, Abœ vk¼i ivq, Inx yj Avjg, Rxeb Kzgvi PµeZx©, gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix, my‡evaiÄb ivq, myavsï miKvi, mvqdzj Avjg, †ieZx‡gvnb †PŠayix, Aveyj dRj, cwigj Kvwš— ivq, bbx †mb¸ß, ïfvkxl †PŠayix, cÖfvZKzgvi †mb| D‡jøL¨, Ômxgvš—Õ MÖ“c †_‡K Avgiv †ek KÕwU cwÎKv †ei Kwi| †`ŠjZi ingv‡bi m¤úv`bvq †ei Kwi Ô†i‡bmuvÕ bv‡g GKwU mvßvwnK| yÕeQi ci KvMRwU eÜ n‡q hvq| i“ûj Avwgb wbRvgxi m¤úv`bvq Av‡iv GKwU we‡bv`bg~jK gvwmK cwÎKv ÔD`qbÕ †ei K‡iwQjvg| hv †`‡k gvk©vj jÕ Rvwi nIqvi ci eÜ n‡q hvq| wkícwZ ew`Dm mvjvg, Avwg, i“ûj Avwgb wbRvgx, †Mvcvj wek¦vm, dwKi Avng` Ges gwdRyj Bmjvg wg‡j 1953 mv‡j ÔcwÎKv wjwg‡UWÕ bvg w`‡q GKwU †Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡iwQjvg| GB †Kv¤úvwbi Avw_©K mnvqZvq XvKv †_‡K GKwU ˆ`wbK KvMRI †ei Kwi| evsjv bv‡gi cÖ_g evsjv KvMR ÔAvgvi †`kÕ| cwðg cvwK —v‡bi AvRv` cvwK —vb cvwU©i cÖwZôvZv †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb abKz‡ei Ges weL¨vZ cvj©v‡g›Uvwiqvb wgqv Bd&‡ZLvi DwÏb| Zuvi m‡½ Avgv‡ì GKwU ivR‰bwZK mg‡SvZv wQj| wZwb c~e© cvwK —v‡bi evgcš’x‡ì Øviv MwVZ Amv¤cÖ vwqK, mvgªvRëv`we‡ivax MYZš¿x `j‡K mg_©b Ki‡Zb| MYZš¿x `j MwVZ nq 1952 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤î| Avgiv Zuvi cwðg cvwK —v‡b MwVZ Amv¤cÖ vwqK Ges mvgªvRëv`we‡ivax AvRv` cvwK —vb cvwU©‡KI mg_©b w`Zvg| ivR‰bwZKfv‡e bvbv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Avgiv Zuvi m‡½ Nwbô n‡q DwV| Avgv‡ì B”Qv wQj ÔAvgvi †`kÕ n‡e MYZš¿x `‡ji gyLcÎ| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b G cwÎKv RbM‡Yi n‡q KvR Ki‡e| GB D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q cwÎKv Pvjvevi wel‡q Avgiv wgqv Bd&‡ZLvi DwÏ‡bi m‡½ Avjvc Kwi| Avgv‡ì K_v w`‡qwQ‡jb, GB cwÎKvi Avw_©K `vwqZ¡ wZwb †b‡eb| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— Zuvi KvQ †_‡K Avgiv †Kv‡bv Avw_©K mnvqZv cvBwb| wZwb Avgv‡ì †h UvKvUv ÔAvgvi †`kÕ Pvjvevi Rb¨ †`‡eb e‡j cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb, gIjvbv fvmvbxi civg‡k© Zv B‡ËdvK‡K w`‡q †`b| d‡j ÔAvgvi †`kÕ Avgiv †ewkw`b Pvjv‡Z cvwiwb| Avgv‡ì B”Qv wQj RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK m‡PZbZv e„w× Kivi Rb¨ e¨vcK AvKv‡i GKwU cÖKvkbv ms¯’v M‡o †Zvjv Ges IB ms ’v †_‡K bvix, hyeK, wkï-wK‡kvimn K…lK-kªwgK †kªYxi mgm¨v I msKU wb‡q bvbv ai‡bi cwÎKv †ei Kiv| wKš‘ Avw_©K mxgve×Zv Ges êix cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ Avgv‡ì A‡bK B”QvB c~iY nqwb| Zvi Rb¨ g‡b †Kv‡bv †L` †bB| mewKQz mgq mv‡c¶| mxgvš— cÖKv‡ki cÖ_g w`b GiB avivevwnKZvq Ômxgvš—Õ cÖKv‡ki cÖ_g w`bwU wQj Avgvi Rb¨ LyeB D‡ËRbvc~Y© Ges Avb›`gq| jvj`xwNi cwðg cv‡o, eZ©gv‡b †hLv‡b Rvb AcwUK¨vj‡mi †`vKvb Av‡Q, Zvi m¤ú~Y© Dc‡ii Zjv Ômxgvš—Õ Awd‡mi Rb¨ AvVvi UvKv gvwmK fvovq †bqvi eë ’v Kiv n‡qwQj| D‡jøL¨, GB ’vbwU wQj Avgvi gvgv Avng` mvMxi †PŠayixi Rywejx IfviwmR e¨vs‡Ki cwiZ¨³ Awdm| Ômxgvš—Õ cÖKvkbv Dcj‡¶ Gi Pvwiw`‡Ki †`qv‡j PÆMÖv‡g ZLbKvi K…Zx wkíx my‡ib iv‡qi AuvKv ew¼gP› ª, iex› ªbv_, bRi“j, gxi gkviid †nv‡mb, kkv¼ †gvnb †mb, Kwe bexb †mb cÖgyL gbxlx‡ì Qwe UvOv‡bv n‡qwQj| dz‡j dz‡j f‡i wM‡qwQj wgjbvqZb| Avwg m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e Avgvi e³‡e¨ Ômxgv‡š—Õi Av`k© I D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q e³„Zv K‡iwQjvg| e‡jwQjvg, Ômxgvš—Õ n‡e RbNwbô, mv¤úª vwqKZvgy³, gvbweK g~j¨‡ev‡a D¾xweZ, mvwn‡Zï MYZvwš¿K gyLcÎ| GL‡bv g‡b Av‡Q, †R¨vwZwi› ª ˆg‡Îi ÔG‡mv gy³ Ki AÜKv‡ii GB ØviÕ MvbwU mg‡eZ K‡É MvIqvi ci Abyôvb ïi“ nq| †kl MvbwU wQj iex› ªbv‡_i ÔAv¸‡bi cikgwY †QuvqvI cÖv‡YÕ| mxgv‡š—i mn‡hvMx m¤úv`K myPwiZ †PŠayix Abyôv‡bi GK ch©v‡q euvwk evwR‡qwQj| Abyôv‡b cÖavb AwZw_ n‡q KjKvZv †_‡K G‡mwQ‡jb evsjv mvwn‡Zï K…Zx Aa¨vcK Ges Kwe wef~wZ †PŠayix| wZwb PÆMÖv‡giB GKRb K…Zx mš—vb| cÖxwZjZv Iqv‡Ï`v‡ii †QvU‡ev‡bi ^vgx| cÖxwZjZvi †evbI Abyôv‡b †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| Ômxgv‡š—Õi †gvoK D‡b¥vPb K‡iwQ‡jb gbxlx Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`| †gvoK D‡b¥vP‡bi c‡iB AvU Avbv w`‡q Ômxgv‡š—Õi cÖ_g KwcwU wK‡bwQ‡jb Avgvi wcÖq cÖ‡dmi nvweeyi ingvb (cieZx©Kv‡j Avgvi ¿xi eo fvB)| wØZxqwU Aa¨vcK †iRvDj Kwig Ges Z…ZxqwU A¨vW‡fv‡KU Awbj ¸n| Gfv‡e Ômxgv‡š—Õi cÖvq GKkÕ Kwc cÖ_gw`‡bB wewµ n‡q hvq| Ômxgv‡š—Õi D‡Øvabx Abyôv‡b XvKv †_‡K G‡mwQ‡jb gybxi †PŠayix, Avj-gyZx kidzwÏb, Aa¨vcK iwe¸n Ges Kwe mvbvDj nK| G‡Z PÆMÖv‡gi wewfbœ g‡Zi eyw×Rxex, wkíx-mvwnwZ¨KI †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb

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cÖwZev` Kwi| GK ch©v‡q eû msL¨K QvÎ wb‡q wgjbvqZb †_‡K †ei n‡q evB‡i †¯øvMvb w`‡Z _vwK Ñ ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB| GB Aciv‡a K‡jR KZ©„c¶ Avgv‡K ewn®‹vi K‡i| †gvk‡dKv Avgvi wk¶v Rxe‡bi hewbKvcv‡Z LyeB gg©vnZ n‡qwQj| Avgvi Kv‡Q gg©cxovi KviY Rvwb‡q GKwU j¤v wPwV w`‡qwQj| GwU Avgvi Kv‡Q †jLv Zvi cÖ_g I †kl wPwV| Zvici †gvk‡dKv †Kv_vq nvwi‡q †Mj Lei ivwLwb| K‡qK eQi ci Rvb‡Z cvijvg †m kvgmybœvnvi gvngy‡ì †R¨ô cyÎ gvgyb gvngy‡ì m‡½ cwiYq m~‡Î Ave× n‡q‡Q| gvgyb gvngy 1951 mv‡j cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cix¶vq DËxY© n‡q cvwK —vb cywjk mvwf©‡m †hvM †`b| wZwb ivRkvnx‡Z wWAvBwR c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki ^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b Zvi mg_©b I mnvbyf~wZi Kvi‡Y wZwb miKv‡ii weivMfvRb n‡qwQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbvq, 1971 mv‡ji 26 gvP© Zvi ivRkvnx miKvwi evmfeb †_‡K cvwK —vwb mvgwiKRvš—vi GK K¨v‡Þb Zv‡K †W‡K wb‡q hvq| wZwb Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb| 1975 mv‡j Avwg mcwiev‡i XvKvq P‡j Avwm| Avgvi ¿x RIkb Aviv ingvb 1979 mv‡j bvix Dbœq‡bi cÖavb wn‡m‡e BDwb‡m‡d †hvM`vb K‡ib| †gvk‡dKv ZLb XvKvq bvix cybe©vmb dvD‡Ûk‡bi WvB‡i±i| Avgvi ¿xi m‡½ Zvi eÜzZ¡ wQj| IB mgq Avgvi ¿x wewfbœ †Rjv md‡i Zv‡K m½x K‡i wb‡Zv| GiKg GKwU md‡i AvwgI Zv‡ì m‡½ wQjvg| †m Avgvi ¿x‡K e‡jwQj, Rv‡bv, †Zvgvi GB ^vgx iZœwU K‡j‡R Avgv‡K KZ R¡vjvZb K‡i‡Q| Avgvi ¿x †n‡m Reve w`‡qwQj, †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †cÖg-‡Uªg wQj bvwK| Avgvi ^vgx †Zv Avevi wek¦‡cÖwgK| †gvk‡dKv Reve w`‡qwQj GiKg wKQy wQj bv| Z‡e n‡Z cvi‡Zv| Avgiv LyeB Nwbô wQjvg| wKš‘ Zvi Zid †_‡K †Kv‡bv AvMÖn wQj bv| Avgvi gy‡Li w`‡K †P‡q ejj, K‡j‡R covi mgq A‡bK †Q‡j Avgv‡K †cÖg wb‡e`b K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ GB e¨vcv‡i Zzwg Ggb wbwj©ß wQ‡j †Kb| AvR eû eQi ci †m K_v Rvb‡Z PvB| ejjvg, †Zvgvi wk¶‡Ki †QvU‡evb wkLvi m‡½ Avwg ZLb †cÖ‡g gË wQjvg| Gfv‡e XvKvq yÕRb LyeB Nwbô n‡q DVjvg| `yÕRb `yÕRb‡K †Uwj‡dvb KiZvg| `xN©mgq a‡i K_v ejZvg| †m Zvi wbtm½ Rxe‡b gv‡S gv‡S Mí Kivi m½x wn‡m‡e Avgv‡K cvIqvi B”Qv cÖKvk Ki‡Zv| Avwg hv‡ev hv‡ev K‡i hvIqv n‡q I‡Vwb| GKw`b ïbjvg wbtk‡ã †m c„w_exi Av‡jv †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Q ~i MM‡bi mxgvš— Qvqvq| Zvi Wv‡K mvov w`‡Z cvwiwb e‡j GK wbR©bZg gyn~‡Z© †Pv‡Li Rj †d‡j wb‡R‡K wa°vi w`‡qwQjvg| PÆMÖvg K‡j‡R ZLb wcÖwÝcvj wQ‡jb Avey †nbv| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ AmvaviY `¶Zvi Rb¨ wZwb †`ke¨vcx L¨vwZi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Zvi `yB †Q‡j Avgvi eÜz n‡q D‡VwQj| Zv‡ì evwoi D‡Vv‡b gv‡S gv‡S e¨vWwg›Ub †LjZvg| Zuvi †h †Q‡jwU Avgvi f³ wQj, hvi m‡½ ZzB-ZvB m¤úK© wQj, IqvBR wZb eQi Av‡M gviv †M‡Q| GK mgq GB K‡j‡Ri wcÖwÝcvj wQ‡jb cwÙbx f~lY i“ ª| wZwb Lye L¨vwZi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Zv‡K wb‡q GKwU gRvi Mí Av‡Q| Ave yj nK †`vfvl IB mgq Zvi †Q‡j‡K K‡j‡R fwZ© Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| i“ ª mv‡ne wmU †bB ejv‡Z ¶zä n‡q wZwb i“‡ ªi Kv‡Q Qy‡U wM‡qwQ‡jb| Aa¨‡¶i Kvgivq Xz‡K Avðh© n‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg †Zv †f‡ewQjvg Avcwb †g‡q Ñ cwÙbx| GLb †`LwQ cyi“l| cwÙbx mv‡ne Aek¨B Avgvi †Q‡j‡K Avcbvi fwZ© Ki‡ZB n‡e| wmU bv _vK‡j Avgvi evwo †_‡K Avwg GKkÕ †Pqvi cvwV‡q †è| Ave`yj nK †`vfvl‡K wb‡q G ai‡bi eû †LvkMí Av‡Q| cwÙbx f~lY i“ ª hLb wcÖwÝcvj ZLb Zuvi yB cÖwZfvevb †Q‡j K‡j‡R Aa¨qb iZ| †Q‡j ywUi GKRb AvB.G Ges Ab¨Rb we.G cix¶vq cÖ_g ’vb AwaKvi K‡i| KZ©„c‡¶i Kv‡Q †KD wPwV †j‡L †h, Aa¨¶ Zvi †Q‡j‡ì Kv‡Q cÖkœcÎ duvm K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| ZLbKvi w`‡b mxj‡gvnihy³ cÖkœcÎ Avm‡Zv wcÖwÝcv‡ji Kv‡Q| wbqg wQj, wcÖwÝcvj IB cÖkœc‡Îi evwÛj yÕRb mn‡hvMx Aa¨vc‡Ki mv‡_ ` —LZ K‡i Lyj‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e GB wZb wk¶‡Ki Kv‡iv †Q‡j‡g‡q wKsev AvZ¥xq hw` cix¶v_x© _v‡Kb, ZLb cÖkœcÎ †Lvjvi mgq wZwb Dcw ’Z _vK‡Z cvi‡eb bv Ges `¯—LZKvix `‡jI _vK‡Z cvi‡eb bv| G wb‡q KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi K‡jR cwi`k©K PÆMÖvg K‡j‡R Z`‡š— G‡m Rvb‡Z cv‡ib, cÖkœc‡Îi evwÛj †Lvjvi mgq wZbRb wk¶‡Ki †h digwU eëüZ nq, †mLv‡b i“ ª mv‡n‡eiI mB Av‡Q| Zv‡Z Zuvi yB †Q‡ji cix¶vi dj evwZj K‡i †`qv nq| Zv‡KI e`wj K‡i †`qv nq| D‡jøL¨, IB yB †Q‡j cieZx©Kv‡jI cix¶v w`‡q cÖ_g n‡qwQ‡jb| GB MíwU Avwg cÖeZ©K ms‡Ni cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K ex‡ib`v, ex‡i› ªjvj †PŠayixi (GKvË‡i knx`) Kv‡Q ï‡bwQ| wZwb Avgv‡ì g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q MíwU e‡jwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì mgq K‡j‡R A‡bK K…Zx Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ †hv‡Mk P› ª wmsn, G †K Gg Avnmvb, †gvRvddi Avng` Ges †gvnv¤§` iwdK Avgv‡ì cov‡Zb| Giv mK‡jB Ávbx I DuPz ‡ii wk¶K wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| cieZx©Kv‡j G †K Gg Avnmvb cvwK —vb mywcwiqi mvwf©‡m cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cix¶vq we‡kl

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cvidi‡gÝÕ cvIqv †hZ bv| A_P cÖavb evOvwj †jLK-mvwnwZ¨K-M‡elK-Aa¨vcK cÖvq mK‡jB AvBqyex kvmbvg‡j cwðg cvwK —vwb kvmK‡ì D‡Ï‡k cÖ‡Yvw`Z ÔmvwnZ¨-cyi¯‹viÕ mg~n AR©b K‡i‡Qb| D‡jøL¨, cyi¯‹vicÖvß‡ì g‡a¨ Avgvi wcÖq GKRb †jLK‡K †cÖwm‡W›U A¨vIqvW© cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z ejvq wZwb Avgvi Ici †i‡M wM‡qwQ‡jb| AvBqye Lvb wb‡Ri K…wZZ¡ cÖ k©‡bi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi wei“‡× hy× (6 †m‡Þ¤î 1965) †NvlYv Ki‡j †`ki¶vi LvwZ‡i wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì †`kvZ¥‡evaK cvwK¯—v‡bi yB As‡ki msnwZg~jK mvwnZ¨ m„wói AvnŸvb Rvbvb| G‡Z Avgv‡ì wkíx-mvwnwZ¨Kiv webv wØavq mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb| GB mgq cvwK —vb †jLK msN evsjv I D y© mvwn‡Zï Rb¨ (1967 mv‡ji 6 †m‡Þ¤i) cyi¯‹vi cÖeZ©b Ki‡j cyi¯‹vi cÖvwßi j‡¶¨ †jLKiv cvwK —v‡bi †fŠ‡MvwjK ALÊZv I msnwZ i¶vq mnvqZvKvix MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi w`‡K Drmvnx n‡q I‡Vb| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GB cyi¯‹vi cÖ_g jvf K‡ib Kwe nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, Zvi Ômxgvš— wkweiÕ MÖ‡š’i Rb¨| GB nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvbB GK mgq ÔGKz‡k †deª“qvixÕ msKj‡bi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| Gici A‡b‡KB cyi¯‹…Z nb hviv GLb cÖMwZkxj eyw×Rxex e‡j L¨vwZgvb n‡q‡Qb| †mB AvcrKv‡j (1965) Avgv‡ì GKRb cÖL¨vZ Kwe wj‡LwQ‡jb : kvwš—i †`k my›ì GB Avgv‡ì IqvZvb| AvRv` cvwK —vb \ wec` evav‡K Kwi wbf©q kw³mvnm wPi yR©q G cvK Rwgb fvj †h †e‡m‡Q nvwmgy‡L ZvRv cÖvY \ bZzb Avkvi ^cœ iOxb Avgiv G‡bwQ D¾¡j w`b MÖv‡g e›`‡i meLv‡b AvR beRxe‡bi Mvb \ †KD wK wek¦vm Ki‡e AvR‡Ki GB cÖev`cÖwZg cÖavb Kwe cvwK —v‡bi cÖksmvq G ai‡bi GKwU KweZv wjL‡Z cv‡ib| 1945 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g wbwLj e½ QvÎ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡Z XvKv †_‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb gybxi †PŠayix, AvLjvKzi ingvb, iwe¸nÑ †h m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb Kwe myKvš— fÆvPvh©mn KjKvZvi A‡bK weL¨vZ wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K| Zviv Avgv‡ì Lyikx` gn‡ji wZbZjvq wQ‡jb| †mB myev‡` gybxi †PŠayixi m‡½ Avgvi we‡kl ü`¨Zv M‡o I‡V| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i cÖwZ †ewk wb‡ew`Z nB ZviB Aby‡cÖiYvq| wZwb Ômxgvš—Õ-G wbqwgZ wjL‡Zb| Avgv‡K †jLvq Drmvn †hvMv‡Zb| ZviB AvMÖ‡n Avwg ÔAvMvgxKvjÕ bv‡g bvUKI wjwL| hv wZwb m¤úv`bv K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| IB AvcrKv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi DÌv‡bi mgq wZwb Ges Av‡iv K‡qKRb, hviv AvR‡Ki L¨vZbvgv mvwnwZ¨KÑ PÆMÖv‡g G‡mwQ‡jb cvwK —vb KvDwÝ‡j e³…Zv w`‡Z| cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi mxgvš— AÂj cwi`k©b K‡i cvwK —v‡bi msnwZi Ici †Rvi w`‡q e³…Zv K‡ib| wZwb Avgvi evwo‡Z ivZ hvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡K GK Kvgovq wb‡q wM‡q Av‡e‡M ZvwoZ n‡q GB e¨vcv‡i cÖkœwe× Ki‡j wZwb welYœfv‡e RIqve w`‡qwQ‡jb, Avwg Rxe‡bi †gv‡ni Kv‡Q civwRZ n‡qwQ| cv‡iv-‡Zv †Zvgiv Avgv‡K gvd K‡i w`‡qv| Zvi GB Ki“Y ^xK…wZ Avgv‡K GL‡bv AkÖæcøvweZ K‡i| ZeyI Zv‡K RvZxq exi wn‡m‡e c~Rv Ki‡Z Avwg ms‡KvP †eva Kwi bv| Zvi bv †`qvi cwigv‡Yi †P‡q †`qvi cwigvY eû¸Y †ewk| wZwb wQ‡jb G †`‡k evgcš’x Av‡›`vj‡bi GK gnvbvqK| Õ71-G Rxeb w`‡q wZwb cÖgvY K‡ib, evsjv‡`‡ki kÎ“iv †Kv‡bvw`b Zv‡K wgÎ g‡b K‡iwb| Ôeywbqv`x MYZ‡š¿i cvZvqÕ kIKZ fvB‡qi (kIKZ Imgvb) Ômuv‡KvÕ MíwU c‡o wew¯§Z n‡qwQjvg| wb‡R‡K g‡b n‡qwQj eo GKv| wecbœ| m½xnviv| GB weåvwš—i hy‡M gvneye-Dj Avjg m¤úvw`Z ˆ`wbK ÔRvgvbvÕi cvVK gn‡j Avwg wbw›`Z nB| A‡bK mgv‡jvPbvg~jK wPwV cvB| A‡b‡K wj‡LwQj ÔKuv`‡Z Avwmwb duvwmi `vex wb‡q G‡mwQÕi RbK Ges Ômxgvš—Õ m¤úv`‡Ki GZ AatcZb Avgiv †Kv‡bvw`b Avkv Kwiwb| AvwgI wK Ab¨‡ì g‡Zv AvBqye Lv‡bi gv_v †Kbv

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Rvgvb, Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex| Kgx©‡ì g‡a¨ w`bivZ K¬vwš—nxb cwikªg K‡iwQ‡jb ZLbKvi w`‡bi kixi PP©v‡K‡› ªi Kgx©mn hye‡bZv K…ò‡Mvcvj †mb, †PŠayix nvi“b-Di-ikx`, mvs¯‹…wZK Kgx© Wv. b~i“j AvwRg, †èwcÖq eo–qv, knx` mv‡ei, Avey †gvnv¤§` kvnveyÏxb, Avjx AvKmv`, GwUGg kvgmywÏb, we‡bv` `vk¸ß, Wv. mvB yi ingvb, Gg`v yj Bmjvg, cÖ‡gv` miKvi, †iv‡Kqv ingvb Kexi, dwi`v nvmvb, Kv‡gjv kivdx, cÖwZfv gyrmywÏ, Zv‡jqv †ingvb cÖgyL| bv‡P-Mv‡b Ges Ab¨vb¨ mvs¯‹…wZK wµqvKjv‡c Ask wb‡qwQ‡jb †Mvcvj wek¦vm, wPiÄxe `vk kg©v, Kwjg kivdx, myPwiZ †PŠayix, AwPš— PµeZx©, gjq †Nvl `w — vi, nwicvj, i“by wek¦vm, Awbj wgÎ, Ave yjøvn Avj nvi“b, wbg©j wgÎ, `xbbv_ †mb, gvneye nvmvb, Avjvw`b Avjx b~i, A‡kvK eo–qv, igRvb cUzqv, mv‡`K Avjx, mg‡i› ª `Ë, Ag‡j› y wek¦vm (weL¨vZ hvÎv bvqK), wbZ¨vb›` `Ë (cieZx©Kv‡j mZ¨wRr iv‡qi mnKvix Ges Ôev· e`jÕ Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK) cÖgyL| g~jëvb cÖeÜ cvV K‡iwQ‡jb ˆmq` †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix, gy —vdv b~iDj Bmjvg, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, wkíx Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Ge‡b †Mvjvg bexmn Av‡iv A‡b‡K| †eMg mywdqv Kvgv‡ji AwffvlYwU wQj AZ¨š— ü`qMÖvnx| Zvi wKQz Ask GLv‡b Zz‡j w`w”Q| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb : ÒRxeb‡K †h fv‡jvevm‡Z cv‡i, gvbyl‡K †h fv‡jvev‡m GKgvÎ †mB dzj †dvUv‡Z cv‡i, †h dz‡ji cvwifvwlK bvg n‡”QÑ mvwnZ¨, wkí, m½xZ I eûwea ms¯‹…wZ| GB dzj †dvUvevi mvabv Avcbviv MÖnY Ki“b| GB cy®ú weKv‡ki mvabv KwV‡bi mvabv| wKš‘ gvby‡li fvM¨wjwc Avjøvn Kzmygv —xY© K‡i iPbv K‡ibwb| Rxe‡bi yM©g c‡_B gvby‡li RqhvÎv| ZvB KwV‡bi å“KywU †`‡L Avgv‡ì fq †c‡j †Zv Pj‡e bv| ûj mK‡j dzUv‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ dzj †dvUv‡Z mK‡j cv‡i bv| Avcbviv GB m‡¤§j‡b wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi †fZi w`‡q dzj †dvUvevi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Qb| Avcbv‡ì Av‡qvRb mv_©K nDK, mdj nDK|Ó cÖavb AwZw_ kªxhy³ m‡Z¨› ªbv_ gRyg`vi e‡jwQ‡jb, Òweï× Ávb-weÁv‡bi mvabvq gvby‡li eyw×i wbg©j Av‡jv‡K GB mZ¨ AvR D`NvwUZ †h, gvbe BwZnv‡m ïfeyw× Øviv wek¦gvb‡ei HK¨mva‡bi GKUv fvexhyM Avm‡Q| Avš—R©vwZK wgj‡bi evnb n‡q weÁvb gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li m¤úK© Nwbô K‡i Zz‡j‡Q †mUv AvR AwZ ¯úó n‡jI Avgv‡ì AÁvZB i‡q †Mj| AvR Z…Zxq gnvhy‡×i Zzh©aŸwb‡Z mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi wfwË †Ku‡c D‡V‡Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡kI AgvbweK wbôziZv cÖwZ‡ekxi cÖwZ ee©i wb ©qZvI †`‡LwQ| MZ Aa©kZvãxi BwZnv‡mi aviv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jB †evSv hv‡e, Gi KviY ’vbxq ev AvKw¯§K bq| †`k †`kvš—‡i cwie¨vß gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li mf¨ m¤ú‡K© hZw`b mvgÄm¨ bv NU‡e, ZZw`b Gi wbe„wË n‡e bv| †Zvgv‡ì Ici GwU eySevi I †evSvevi `vwqZ¡ G‡m‡Q| hv me©gvb‡ei Kj¨vYKi bq, Zv‡Z Kv‡iv Kj¨vY n‡Z cv‡i bv| msKxY© ^v_©eyw× ïfeyw×‡K AvµgY Ki‡Q, Mv‡qi †Rv‡i Zv‡K Rvwb‡qI w`‡”Q| wKš‘ ZvB e‡j mvgwqK myweavi w`K †_‡K RvwZMZ ev †kªYxMZ ^v_©eyw×UvB AKcU GK_v gvwb Kx K‡i| ^‡`k ev ^RvwZi AvZ¥M¤¢xiZv I wg_¨v `¤¢ hLb ye©j `wi ª Amnvq‡K cxob Kiv †cŠi“l e‡j g‡b K‡i, †mB D”Q„•Lj AwgZvPvi‡K evnev w`‡Z cvwi bv, Zvi Rb¨ Avwg AvNvZ I Acgvb m‡qwQ| g‡b GB mvš—¡bv †c‡qwQ, Avwg GKv bB| me©gvb‡ei HK¨ mvabvq wek¦vmx A‡b‡KB Ggb Acgvb ex‡h©i m‡½ ¶gv K‡i‡Qb|Ó me‡P‡q mvnmx AwffvlYwU wQj Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Òga¨hy‡Mi mvwnZ¨ RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Avwg cyivZb ü`‡qi cwiPq cvBqvwQ| HwZn¨ mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi †¶‡Î GKwU aª“e b¶Î we‡kl| HwZ‡nï AbymiY I †mB †mªvZaviv‡K wPi-engvb Kwiqv †ZvjvB ms¯‹…wZ‡mexi Avmj KvR| hviv Zv g‡bb bv, Zvnv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi mvabvi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ bvB| Zvnv‡ì mwnZ Avwg Z‡K© cÖe„Ë nBe bv| wKš‘ Avcbv‡ì ewj‡Z PvB, HwZ‡nï cUf~wgi mwnZ hvnv‡ì †hvM bvB, Zi“jZvi †¶‡Î †hgb ci‡fvRx kã eënvi Kiv nqÑ GLv‡b H RvZxq e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ †Zgb we‡klYB Av‡ivc Kiv P‡j| mgvR Rxe‡bI †`wL‡eb, Bnviv ci‡fvRx| gvbeZvi mwnZ Zvnv‡ì †Kv‡bv m¤^Ü †bB| Rbmvavi‡Yi g —‡K KuvVvj fvw½qv w`bvwZcvZ K‡ib| GB RvZxq e¨w³‡ì Dc‡`k †Kv‡bvw`b MÖnY Kwi‡eb bv|Ó Zuvi g~jëvb fvlYwU Avgv‡ì c_Pjvi Rb¨ GZB hy‡Mvc‡hvMx †h, cieZx© †Kv‡bv GK Aa¨v‡q Gi cy‡ivUvB Qvwc‡q †`qvi †Póv Ki‡ev| GB m‡¤§j‡b †`‡ki wk¶vbxwZ, ivóªfvlv, c~e© cvwK —v‡bi c~Y© ^vqËkvmb, ivRew›`‡ì gyw³i Ici Avgiv A‡bK¸‡jv cÖ —ve MÖnY Kwi| Zv †UwjMÖvg‡hv‡M †K› ªxq Ges cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii wbKU cvVvB| m‡¤§j‡bi †kl

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w`‡b ivóªfvlv, ivRew›`‡ì gyw³, c~e© cvwK —v‡bi c~Y© ^vqËkvmb, jvOj hvi Rwg Zvi Ges kªwg‡Ki b¨vh¨ gRywii `vwem¤^wjZ †cv÷vi Ges †d÷zb wb‡q cÖvq `k nvRvi †kªvZv kni cÖ w¶Y K‡i| m‡¤§j‡b Kzwgjøv †_‡K †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb Kzwgjøv wf‡±vwiqv K‡j‡Ri Z`vbxš—b Bs‡iwR wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK, PÆMÖvg wbevmx AvmnveDÏxb Avng` (cieZx©Kv‡j weL¨vZ †jLK I KwgDwb÷ †bZv), Kzwgjøvi cÖMwZ gRwj‡ki cÖvYcyi“l QvÎ‡bZv Rvjvj DwÏb Avng` (cieZx©Kv‡j fviZ miKv‡ii wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe) Ges cÖ‡dmi Aveyj Lv‡qi| c‡iiw`b Ômxgvš—Õ Awd‡m Zv‡ì m‡½ Avwg wgwjZ nB| †mLv‡b Zviv Kzwgjøvq G ai‡bi GKwU m‡¤§jb Abyôvb Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| m‡¤§jb‡K mvdj¨gwÊZ Kivi j‡¶¨ Zviv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b Rvbvb| Avgiv Kzwgjøv ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡bi AvswkK e¨qfvi enb Kivi `vwqZ¡ wbB| 1952 mv‡ji 22, 23 Ges 24 AvM÷ Kzwgjøvq †h ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq Zv‡Z cÖvq kZvwaK wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K wb‡q Avgiv AskMÖnY Kwi| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i PÆMÖv‡gi Ômxgvš—Õ cwÎKv I Zv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i mvs¯‹…wZK êV‡Ki cÖ‡Póvq †h cÖMwZkxj mvs¯‹…wZK wµqvK‡g©i m~Pbv n‡qwQj ZviB mdj cwiYwZ 1951 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g nwi‡Lvjvi gv‡V AbywôZ c~e© cvwK —v‡bi cÖ_g ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§jb, 1952 mv‡j Kzwgjøvq AbywôZ m‡¤§jb Ges 1954 mv‡j XvKvi KvR©b n‡ji †mB weL¨vZ m‡¤§jb| PÆMÖv‡g GiKg mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb m„wó bv n‡j †`ke¨vcx G ai‡bi m‡¤§jb Kiv ZLbKvi w`‡b m¤¢e n‡Zv bv| ejv evûj¨ GB mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb¸‡jvB c~e© cvwK —v‡bi êcøweK, ivR‰bwZK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j myiI †eu‡a w`‡qwQj| ZviB dmj GKvË‡ii gyw³hy× Ges Avgv‡ì ^vaxbZv| PÆMÖvg ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡b M„nxZ cÖ —vevejx wb‡P ms‡hvwRZ n‡jv :

Avgiv wek¦vm KwiÑ mvwnZ¨ ïay Rxe‡bi wbQK cÖwZdjb bq, mvwnZ¨ mgvR Dbœq‡bi kw³kvjx Aej¤^b| ¶zav, †eKvi Ges Akvwš—i nvZ †_‡K mgvR Rxeb‡K i¶v KivÑ Zvi MwZkxjZv‡K ..... GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi cweÎ `vwqZ¡ AvR wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K‡ì| ywf©‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki 35 jvL bi-bvixi g„Zz , MZ gnvhy‡× RvZxq Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î †h fvOb, †h aŸsm, AvR‡Ki ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgv‡ì †h A_©‰bwZK msKU-Afve-AbUb, Rxe‡bi GB ev —e mZ¨Zv‡K ev` w`‡q mgm¨v‡K Gwo‡q †Kv‡bv mvwnZ¨B gvby‡li Kj¨vY mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe, wewfbœ gZev‡ì wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki G m‡¤§j‡b Avgiv cÖ —ve KiwQÑ gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ †h mvwnZ¨, mgv‡Ri MwZkxjZv‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ †h mvwnZ¨ Avgiv †m mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ Av ’vkxj| gvby‡li fv‡jv Kivi, gvby‡li g½j Kivi mw`”Qv‡K A½xf~Z K‡i †h mvwnZ¨, †kvl‡Yi wei“‡× GK †`‡ki Ic‡i Ab¨ †`‡ki cÖfy‡Z¡i wei“‡×, hy‡×i wei“‡×, mvgš—Z‡š¿i wei“‡× cÖwZev` K‡iÑ Avgiv gZev` wbwe©‡k‡l gvbeZvi bv‡g †m mvwn‡Zï Abymvix| Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi AvR G mvwnZ¨B Rbmvavi‡Yi GKgvÎ Kvg¨| wbiew”Qbœ kvwš— e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK DbœwZ m¤¢e bq| GB m‡¤§j‡b Avgiv cÖ —ve KiwQÑ

fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv hy×‡KB Avgiv ei`v — Kie bv| AvµgYKvix †h-B †nvK bv †Kb Zv‡K Avgiv gvbeZvwe‡ivax RNb¨ KvR wnmv‡e wb›`v Ki‡ev| ..... wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i A¶i cwieZ©‡bi †fZi w`‡q evsjv fvlvi g~‡j AvNvZ Kivi †h bxwZ MÖnY

Kiv n‡”Q Ges g~jbxwZ KwgwUi cÖ —v‡e evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡K †Kv‡bv cÖKvi cÖvavb¨ †`qv nqwb †`‡L Avgiv AZ¨š— ytL cÖKvk KiwQ| Awej‡¤^ evsjv fvlv‡K †hb ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v †`qv nq|

Lywb evsjvÑ evsjv‡`‡ki cwiPq bq| weMZ `v½v-nv½vgvq fvB‡qi i‡³ fvB‡qi nvZ KjywlZ n‡Z †`‡L cÖ‡Z¨K wkíx-mvwnwZ¨KB AZ¨š— cxov Abyfe KiwQ Ges Gi Zxeª wb›`v Rvbvw”Q|

ms¯‹…wZi g~jwfwË wk¶v| wk¶vi e¨vcK cÖmvi Qvov RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi gvb Dbœqb Am¤¢e| .... AZGe G m‡¤§jb mvaviY QvÎ I wk¶K‡ì A_©‰bwZK Ae ’vi w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g Rbwk¶vi cÖmvi Kivi Rb¨ miKvi‡K Aby‡iva Rvbv‡”Q|

ms¯‹…wZ weKv‡ki c~Y© ^vaxbZv Qvov †h †Kv‡bv RvwZ µgk c½y n‡q co‡Z eva¨| wkí, mvwnZ¨, m½xZ, wPÎ, fv¯‹h©, b„Z¨ BZ¨vw` mvs¯‹…wZK Ae`vb¸‡jvi DrKl© I cwic~Y©Zv mvab bv n‡j RvZxq Rxe‡b †Kv‡bv cÖKvi AMÖMwZ m¤¢e bq| Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ weKv‡ki Rb¨ AvR cwic~Y© ^vaxbZv GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| Zv bv n‡j RvZxq Rxe‡bi AMÖMwZ e¨vnZ n‡e| Kzms¯‹v‡ii bvMcv‡k Avgiv wPiw`b RwoZ n‡q _vKe| gvbeZvgyLx †Kv‡bv bZzb wPš—vaviv‡K Avgv‡ì gnvb RvZxq HwZ‡nï e‡j mÄxweZ K‡i MÖnY Kivi g‡Zv gvbwmK J`vh© Avgiv nvwi‡q †dje| bZzb‡K eR©b K‡i cyivZ‡bi AveR©bv iƒ‡c Avgiv wbgMœ n‡q coe, ZvB AvR MwZkxj Rxe‡bi Rb¨

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GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb hveZxq m„wókxj Kj¨vYagx© wkí mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk I cÖPv‡ii; cy —K, cÎ-cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki; m½xZ I bvU¨vbyôv‡bi Ges mKj bZzb wPš—vavivi e¨vcK Av‡jvPbvi Aeva ^vaxbZv †`qv †nvK|

†`‡ki mg — wk¶vqZb ms¯‹…wZi Ab¨Zg cÖavb †K›`ª iƒ‡c KvR K‡i| wKš‘ Avgiv †`‡LwQ mKj wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶K I QvÎiv ^vaxbfv‡e Avcb Avcb wek¦vm Abyhvqx mvs¯‹…wZK cÖ‡Póvq Aeva AskMÖnY Kivi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ| G‡Z RvwZ‡K nq‡Zv wkw¶Z K‡i †Zvjv nq| wKš‘ mf¨ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv nq bv| ZvB wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki G m‡¤§jb cÖ —ve K‡iÑ mg — wk¶vcÖwZôv‡bi wk¶K I QvÎ‡ì GB AwaKvi I my‡hvM cÖ vb Kiv †nvK †hb Zviv Avcb Avcb wek¦vm Abyhvqx me©cÖKvi mvs¯‹…wZK cÖ‡Póvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z evavcÖvß bv nq| Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZi Ab¨Zg cÖavb cy‡ivav Kwe bRi“j Bmjvg| Zuvi Ae`v‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ bZzb

cÖvY-¯ú›`‡bi mÜvb †c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi GB †kªô cy‡ivwnZ AvR c¶vNvZMÖ — n‡q AwPwKrmvq AbU‡b †Kv‡bvg‡Z †eu‡P i‡q‡Qb| A_P AvR Zuv‡K wb‡q Pj‡Q wbj©¾ UvbvUvwb| wZwb bxie e‡j AvR Zuvi Ae`vb¸‡jv‡K P~ovš— Ace¨vL¨vq, msKxY© MwÊi g‡a¨ †U‡b Avbvi †Póv n‡”Q| Ggb wK Zuvi bvg weK…Z ch©š— Kivi †Póv Pj‡Q| i“M&Y Kwe‡K wPwKrmvi Rb¨ Av‡Rv myBRvij¨v‡Û †cÖi‡Yi eë ’v Kiv †Mj bv| Avgiv g‡b Kwi, Dfq evsjvi miKviØq B”Qv Ki‡j RbM‡Yi wcÖq Kwe bRi“‡ji Rb¨ c„w_exi mg — wPwKrmv weÁvb‡K G‡b nvwRi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Ggb wK bRi“‡ji wPwKrmvi Rb¨ hw` Rbmvavi‡Yi Ici KiI emv‡bv nq Zv‡ZI †KD †Kv‡bv AvcwË Ki‡e bv| GB m‡¤§jb ZvB Av‡e`b K‡i †h Dfq evsjvi miKviØq wPwKrmvi Rb¨ bRi“j‡K myBRvij¨v‡Û †cÖiY K‡i Zuvi mywPwKrmvi e‡›`ve — Ki“b| bRi“‡ji m„wói hviv Ace¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q Ges bRi“j‡K wb‡q hviv myweav Av`v‡qi Ac‡Póv Ki‡Q G m‡¤§jb Zv‡ì cÖwZ Zxeª N„Yv cÖKvk Ki‡Q|

Avgiv yt‡Li m‡½ j¶¨ K‡iwQ †h, cvV¨cy —K Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki MÖ‡š’ Ggb me welq ms‡hvwRZ Av‡Q hv mv¤cÖ vwqKZv‡K cÖkªq w`‡q _v‡K| Gme MÖš’ †_‡K †mme Ask cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi `vwe Rvbvw”Q|

†Kv‡bv bvUK Awfbq Ki‡Z n‡j †mB bvUK miKv‡ii Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ wefv‡M Rgv w`‡Z nq| Zv‡ì Aby‡gv`b Qvov †Kv‡bv bvUK gÂ ’ Kiv hvq bv| Avgiv ga¨hyMxq GB †mÝi eë ’v Zz‡j †bqvi `vwe Rvbvw”Q|

GB m‡¤§jb cÖ —ve Ki‡Q †h GLv‡b wewfbœ †Rjv †_‡K hviv G‡m‡Qb Zv‡ì mv‡_ civgk© K‡i m‡¤§j‡bi Kvh©Kix KwgwU Avgv‡ì g~j D‡Ï‡kï wfwË‡Z cÖ‡`ke¨vcx GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ GKwU AvnŸvqK KwgwU MVb Kiv †nvK| †mB KwgwU Awej‡¤^ Ab¨vb¨ †Rjvi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K †Rjv †_‡K cÖwZwbwa wb‡q AvnŸvqK KwgwU‡K cwiea©b Ki‡eb I Avi GKwU cÖwZwbwag~jK m‡¤§jb AvnŸv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ ‘wZ Pvjv‡eb| 18 b‡f¤î 2007

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Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` ÔAvi&Kvb ivRmfvq ev½vjv mvwnZ¨Õ bvgK MÖ‡š’ Kwe †`ŠjZ KvRxi (1622-1638) ÔmZx gqbvÕ bvgK Kv‡e¨ Ac~e© KweZ¡ m¤ú‡ì K_v wjwLqv‡Qb Zvnv cvV Kwiqv evOvwj gv‡ÎB eywS‡eb †h, e½fvlv kªxe„w×i K…wZZ¡ I †MŠie hZUv wn› yi, ZZUv gymjgv‡bi| Bnv‡ì GK m¤cÖ vq hw` Zvnv‡ì ¯^xq m„wó KxwZ© nB‡Z †Kv‡bv ARynv‡Z mwiqv uvovb, Z‡e Zvnviv DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß c~e© cyi“‡li Ag~j¨ m¤ú` nB‡Z ewÂZ nB‡eb gvÎ| cÂ`k kZvãx‡Z civMj Luvi AvwkªZ Kwe› ª ci‡gk¦i Ges QywULuvi wcÖq Kwe kªxKiY b›`xI GB fvlv‡K Dfq m¤cÖ v‡qi fvlv e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| †Kv‡bv mv¤cÖ vwqK cÖ‡kœi m‡½ Gi G‡Kev‡iB mskªe wQj bv|Ó †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK †bZviv Ges Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jLKiv hw` GB †PZbvq AbycÖvwYZ n‡Zb Zvn‡j wn›`y-gymjgvb Dfq m¤cÖ v‡qi g½j n‡Zv| wKš‘ Zv nqwb i½jvj, †ngP› ª, †R¨vwZwi› ª, gb‡gvnb, wMixkP› ª, ew¼gP› ª cÖgyL wn› y †jLK †hgb Zv‡ì m„wó‡Z mvwnZ¨ i‡mi m‡½ gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ we‡Ø‡li wel Qov‡jb, †Zgwb gymjgvb †jLKivI Zvi cÖwZev‡` †mv”Pvi n‡q DVj| 1899 mv‡j †gvnv‡gWvb GWy‡Kkb Kbdv‡i‡Ýi Awa‡ek‡b ˆmq` bImvi Avjx †PŠayix e‡½ gvZ…fvlv wk¶v cÖe‡Ü D×„wZ w`‡q wn› y‡ì †jLvq gymjgvb we‡Ø‡li wPÎ Zz‡j a‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Zv‡ì GB gymwjg we‡Ølx †jLvq wn› y m¤ú‡K© gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ weiƒc aviYvi m„wó nq Ges gymjgv‡bi g‡bI wn› y‡ì cÖwZ Akª×vi fve R‡b¥| Ôbeb~iÕ-i m¤úv`K ˆmq` Gg`v` Avjx Zvi ÔgvZ…fvlv I e½xq gymjgvbÕ cÖe‡Ü `vwe K‡ib, ew¼gP› ª gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cÖwZ †h we‡lv`Mvi K‡i wjL‡Qb, †Zgwb A‡bK Ks‡MÖm †jLKI ZvB Ki‡Qb| hviv wgwUs‡q wgwQ‡j fvB e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡i e³„Zv †`b, ZvivI N‡i e‡m gymjgv‡bi wei“‡× Ggb me †jLv †j‡Lb| hvi d‡j wn› y-gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ eÜzZ¡ µgk n«vm †c‡q kÎ“Zvi m„wó n‡”Q| GB mv¤cÖ vwqKZvev`x Dfq c‡¶i †jLK‡ì cvkvcvwk wKQy wn› y I gymjgvb †jLK wQ‡jb hviv wn› y-gymjgvb H‡Kï cÖwZ h‡_ó †Rvi w`‡Zb| Imgvb Avjx bv‡gi GK †jLK GB cv_©K¨‡eva‡K Bs‡i‡Ri †f`bxwZ Ges wn› y RvZxqZvev‡ì cybi“Ìvb‡K GB we‡iva m„wói KviY e‡j D‡jøL K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, wn› y HwZnvwmK I mvwnwZ¨KMY gymjgvbiv b„ksm AZ¨vPvix, RvwZ-ag©bvkKvix, yiš— heb BZ¨vw` we‡kl‡Y gymjgvb‡K we‡kwlZ K‡i wn› y-gymjgvb we‡iv‡ai Av¸‡b N„ZvûwZ w`‡q‡Qb| wn› y †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ `w¶YviÄb wgÎ gRyg`vi, †hv‡M› ªbv_ ¸ß, ivgcÖvY ¸ß, wbg©j P› ª †Nv‡li g‡Zv A‡bK D`vi‡PZv wn› y †jLKI ¯xKvi K‡ib †h, gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ wn› y †jLKiv AwePvi Ki‡Qb| Zviv wn› y gymjgv‡bi mgš^q Kvgbv K‡i †j‡Lb Ñ ÔAvR Avgiv wbixn cÖwZ‡ekxi Mjvq Mjvq awiqv ci¯ú‡ii ytL myL euvwUqv jBevi Ae ’vq AvwmqvwQ, wn› y-gymjgvb cyivZb Av¸b D¯‹vBqv Zzwj‡Z †M‡j Dfq m¤cÖ vqB R¡wjqv gwie| Avgv‡ì †h mgq, Zvnv‡Z †Kn Kvnv‡iv cÖwZ Zxeª AvµgY Kiv wbZvš— Ab¨vq| Gi cÖwZwµqvq mvwn‡Zï †¶‡Î Ges ivRbxwZi †¶‡Î †bZviv ci¯úi‡K eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| GwM‡q _vKv wn› y †bZviv wcwQ‡q cov gymjgvb fvB‡ì Avk¦ — K‡i mv‡_ Uvb‡Z cv‡ibwb| gymjgvb †bZvivI wn› y fvB‡ì wek¦vm K‡i GK mv‡_ Pj‡Z cv‡ibwb| GK ch©v‡q wM‡q gymjgvbiv Ks‡MÖ‡mi mskªe Z¨vM K‡ib| Ks‡MÖm g~jZ Amv¤cÖ`vwqK-RvZxq cvwU© n‡jI Amv¤cÖ`vwqK wfZ iPbvq e¨_© nq| Gici D ©y-evsjv wb‡q gymjgvb †bZv‡ì g‡aÏ we‡f` I weZ‡K©i m„wó nq| GK`j Bmjvwg ZgÏyb‡K Rxeš— ivLvi cÖ‡qvR‡b D y©i c‡¶ Zxeªfv‡e gZvgZ e¨³ K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb G †K dRjyj nK, GBP Gm †mvnivIqv`x©, e¨vwi÷vi Gm Iqv‡R` Avjx, gIjvbv AvKig Luv cÖgyL| KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq evsjv‡K wk¶vi gva¨g wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi †h wm×vš— †bb, Zvi Zxeª cÖwZev` K‡i dRjyj nK e½xq AvBb cwil‡` GKwU †Rviv‡jv e³„Zv w`‡q e‡jb, evsjv gymjgv‡bi fvlv bq| 1922 mv‡ji 27 AvM÷ KjKvZv gymwjg Bbw÷wUDU n‡j Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ QvÎ‡ì †h mfv nq Zv‡ZI evsjv fvlv‡K wk¶vi gva¨g Kivi wm×vš—‡K AevwÃZ Ges gymjgvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi ^v_©we‡ivax e‡j eY©bv Kiv nq| wKš‘ evsjv fvlvi c‡¶ ZLb Ae ’vb †bb `¨ gymjgvb cwÎKvi m¤úv`K gywReyi ingvb, G †K MRbex, wk¶vwe` Ave`yj Kwig, Kg‡iW gyRvddi Avng`, Ave`yj nvqvZ, KvRx Gg`v yj nK cÖgyL ¸YxRb| e½xq gymjgvb mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GB wm×vš—‡K gymjgvb‡ì mywkw¶Z Kivi †¶‡Î GKwU wecøex c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e eY©bv K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Avjxcyi RR‡Kv‡U©i GKRb DwKj, gvhnvix ZInx` 1932 mv‡ji 13 RyjvB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g¨vwUªKz‡jkb †i¸‡jkb KwgwU‡Z D y©i c¶ n‡q wbgœwjwLZ cÖ —ve †ck K‡ib| 1. gymjgvb QvÎ Ges QvÎx‡ì w`‡q †Kv‡bv Mvb Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv, D y© Mvb eva¨Zvg~jK Ki‡Z n‡e|

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2. evsjv‡K wk¶vi gva¨g wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Zv‡Z gymjgvb‡ì HK¨ webó n‡e| 3. wZwb evsjv‡K GKwU we‡`kx fvlv wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i e‡jb, evOvwj QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì evsjv covi e¨vcv‡i Drmvn †`qv eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| 4. Ggb GKwU KwgwU Ki‡Z n‡e| hv D`y©‡K evsjv‡`‡k RbwcÖq Kivi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡e| G †K dRjyj nK, whwb cv‡qi bL †_‡K gv_vi Pzj ch©š— wb‡R‡K evOvwj e‡j ej‡Zb, wZwb 1938 mv‡ji 13 GwcÖj Avmvb‡mvj gymwjg jxM Kbdv‡iÝ Ges 1939 mv‡ji 29 wW‡m¤î †gvnv‡gWvb GWy‡Kkb Kbdv‡i‡Ý e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg „pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi evsjv Avgv‡ì gvZ„fvlv bq| AZGe D y©‡K wk¶vi gva¨g wn‡m‡e Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| dRjyj nK QvovI †mvnivIqv`x© e‡jwQ‡jb, The name of Urdu and the Persian script of Urdu were like the two iron walls of defence of our cultural independece against Hindu domination. Gme e³‡eï avivevwnKZvq 1940 mv‡j †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&Ñ dRjyj nK‡K w`‡q jv‡nv‡i ÔcvwK —vb cÖ¯—veÕ DÌvcb Kivb| 1944 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z KjKvZvi Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R Pvi w`be¨vcx Abyôv‡b cvwK —v‡bi Zgmvq Av”Qbœ n‡q, KwZcq RvZxqZvev`x gymjgvb †jLK Qvov, Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg mvwnwZ¨K Ges eyw×Rxexiv mg ^‡i D”PviY K‡ib wØRvwZZË¡| e‡jb, wn› y-gymjgvb GKRvwZ bq| evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ wn› yi ms¯‹…wZ| iex› ªbv_ wn› y Kwe| 1946 mv‡j evsjvi gymjgvbiv cvwK —v‡bi ^c‡¶ †fvU w`‡q msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡ib| Avkv K‡ib †hB ^‡`k‡K Zviv ykÕ eQi a‡i Luy‡R‡Q, †mB ^‡`k eywS cvwK —vb| cvwK —vb nIqvi †ò eQ‡ii g‡a¨ cvwK —v‡bi

RbK †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn †NvlYv K‡ib D y©B n‡e cvwK —v‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv| cvwK —vb MwVZ nq cwðgvÂ‡ji wmÜz, †ejywP —vb, cvÄve, DËi-cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`k I c~e©vÂ‡ji c~e©e½ wb‡q| D y© Gi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡`‡ki fvlv bq| D y© m¤ú~Y© GKwU weRvZxq fvlv| c~e©e‡½ Awaevmx wQj †MvUv cvwK —v‡bi RbmsL¨vi kZKiv cÖvq 56 fvM| Avgv‡ì fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wQj me‡P‡q DbœZ Ges HwZ‡nï w`K †_‡K nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv| c~e© evsjvi GB msL¨vwaK¨ Ges DbœZ fvlv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i m¤ú~Y© AMYZvwš¿Kfv‡e hLb GKwU weRvZxq fvlv Avgv‡ì Ici Pvwc‡q w`‡Z PvB‡jv, ZLb †_‡K fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g ïi“ nq evOvwj RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai weKvk| 1948 mvj †_‡K ïi“ nj fvlv Av‡›`vjb| fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K GwM‡q †bqvi Rb¨ †K› ªxqfv‡e me© jxq fvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq Ges PÆMÖv‡gI Avgv‡K AvnŸvqK K‡i GKwU KwgwU MwVZ nq| AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi †bZv Gg G AvwRR Ges kªwgK †bZv †PŠayix nvi“b-Di-ikx` G KwgwUi hyM¥ AvnŸvqK wQ‡jb| 1952 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi LvRv bvwRgyÏxb hLb D y©‡KB cvwK —v‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kivi K_v cybe© ³ K‡ib ZLb me© jxq fvlv msMÖvg cwil` GKz‡k †deª“qvwi ZvwiL ivóªfvlv wèm cvj‡bi wm×vš— †bq| †bZ…e„›` †NvlYv †`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvgZjvq QvÎiv wgwjZ n‡eb Ges wgwQj K‡i msm‡` (ZLb Awa‡ekb PjwQj) ivóªfvlvi `vwe‡Z †g‡gvivÛvg mvewgU Ki‡eb| Gi wecix‡Z miKvi 21 †deª“qvwi 144 aviv Rvwi K‡i GB mfv wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| GKz‡k †deª“qvwi mKv‡j QvÎiv `‡j `‡j AvgZjvq Rgv‡qZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| mgv‡e‡k Dcw ’Z QvÎ-RbZv 144 aviv fvOvi c‡¶ gZ †`b| G Abyôv‡b mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib MvRxDj nK| 144 aviv fvOvi ci cywjk wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvwj‡q AmsL¨ gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i| wbnZ nq mvjvg, eiKZ, iwdK, kwdDwÏbmn Av‡iv A‡bK bvg ARvbv QvÎ| Zv‡ì i‡³ ˆZwi nq ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ| evOvwj gymjgvb ^‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©Y K‡i| wKš‘ †mB ¯‡`k wQj cvwK —v‡bi Dcwb‡ek| Avgiv AvVv‡iv eQi hy× K‡i wÎk jvL gvby‡li i‡³i wewbg‡q †mB ^‡`‡ki ^vaxbZv AR©b Kwi| PÆMÖv‡g GKz‡k †deª“qvwi cvj‡bi Rb¨ Avwg, †PŠayix nvi“b-Di-ikx`, AvwRRyi ingvbmn A‡b‡K wewfbœ GjvKvq mfv-mgv‡ek Kwi| 20 †deª“qvwi wewfbœ GjvKvq mfv-mgv‡ek K‡i hLb Awd‡m Gjvg ZLb Avgvi 104 wWwMÖ R¡i Ges Mv‡q Rjemš—| mvivw`bB Avwg R¡i Ges Rjemš— wb‡q KvR K‡iwQ| Kv‡Ri D‡ËRbvq Avwg Gme wKQy Abyfe Ki‡Z cvwiwb| Amy ’Zvi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡K Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z cvwV‡q †`qv nq| Avwg †h‡nZz QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi ivRbxwZi m‡½ hy³ wQjvg †m Kvi‡Y QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi GKRb Kgx©‡K Avgvi m‡½ †`qv nq KwgwUi m‡½ mve©¶wYK †hvMv‡hvM i¶vi Rb¨| GKz‡k †deª“qvwi PÆMÖv‡g Av‡mb me© jxq fvlv msMÖvg cwil‡ì †K› ªxq KwgwUi GKRb cÖfvekvjx m`m¨ †Lv›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` Bwjqvm| wZwb GKRb eo mvsevw`K| wZwb GKz‡k †deª“qvwi we‡Kj 3Uvi w`‡K XvKvq †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Rvb‡Z cv‡ib QvÎ-RbZvi wgwQ‡ji Ici ¸wj

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P‡j‡Q Ges G‡Z AmsL¨ †jvK gviv †M‡Q| KZ †jvK gviv †M‡Q ZvI †KD Rv‡b bv Ges ZL‡bv eiKZ-mvjv‡gi bvg PÆMÖv‡g Av‡mwb| †Lv›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` Bwjqv‡mi KvQ †_‡K G Lei Rvbvi ci mevB duy‡m DVj| Avwg evwo‡Z Amy ’ Ae ’vq hLb XvKvq ¸wji Lei ïbjvg, ZLb ÔKuv`‡Z Avwmwb duvwmi `vex wb‡q G‡mwQÕ KweZvwU kÖ“ZwjL‡bi gva¨‡g wj‡L †djjvg| mÜ¨vq †Lv›`Kvi †gvnv¤§` Bwjqvm Avgvi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z Av‡mb Ges Avgvi GB `xN© KweZvwU c‡ob| wZwb e‡jb, GwU AmvaviY GKwU KweZv| GwU Qvwc‡q 23 Zvwi‡Li Rbmfvq wewj Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Ave„wË K‡i †kvbv‡Z n‡e| wZwb bvbv NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Zi ga¨w`‡q GwU Qvcvi eë ’v K‡ib Ges 23 Zvwi‡Li Rbmfvq KweZvwU cÖ_g cvV K‡ib †PŠayix nvi“b-Di-ikx`| GB KweZvi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb Kvgvj DwÏb Lvb| wZwb gymwjg jx‡Mi Kgx© wQ‡jb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖPÊZv Ggb wQj †h gymwjg jx‡Mi A‡bK Kgx© Gi m‡½ GKvZ¥Zv cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi RbwcÖqZvi my‡hvM †bqvi Rb¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mfvq gymwjg jx‡Mi m¤úv`K dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix Ges gymwjg jxM †bZv G †K Lvb Wvqv‡m G‡m e‡mb| KweZv Ave„wË ïi“ nIqvi ci GKch©v‡q Zviv yÕRb GUv eÜ Kivi Av‡`k †`b| wKš‘ mg‡eZ RbZvi KvQ †_‡K †¯øvMvb I‡V Ñ Avgiv gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi KweZv ïb‡Z PvB| Amy ’Zvi Kvi‡Y Rbmgv‡e‡k Abycw¯’Z _vKvq GKwU ¸Re Qwo‡q hvq †h, Avwg †MÖdZvi n‡q †MwQ| †mRb¨ IB Rbmfvq Ôgvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi gyw³ PvBÕ †¯øvMvbI D‡VwQj| IB w`b miKvi GK Av‡`k e‡j Avgvi KweZv ev‡Rqvß K‡i Ges Avgvi Ici †MªdZvwi c‡ivqvbv Rvwi K‡i| Avgv‡ì evwoi mvg‡b yÕRb mk ¿ cÖnix wb‡qvM K‡i, my ’ n‡jB †hb Avgv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv hvq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Rbmfvq Avgvi KweZv cvV Kivi Aciv‡a kªwgK †bZv †PŠayix nvi“b-Di-ikx`‡K 24 †deª“qvwi †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| m‡½ m‡½ †MÖdZvi Kiv nq Avgv‡ì Av‡iK Kgx© K…ò‡Mvcvj †mb‡K| Avwg †MÖdZvi Govevi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì evwoi Mvwo‡Z c ©v UvwO‡q †eviLv c‡i cywj‡ki †PvL‡K duvwK w`‡q AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b P‡j hvB Ges AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b †_‡K Kgx©‡ì gva¨‡g Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv Kwi|

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Avgvi ¯§„wZ‡Z fvlv Av‡›`vjb GKz‡k †deª“qvwi evOvwji ^‡`k cÖZëZ©‡bi gvm| Ab¨v‡qi Kv‡Q gv_v bZ bv Kivi gvm| GB gv‡m eiKZ, mvjvg, iwdK, ReŸvi ivóªfvlvi `vwe‡Z ivRc‡_ i³ w`‡q gyw³hy‡×i gvbwPÎ Gu‡KwQ‡jb| 1947 mv‡ji b‡f¤i gv‡m Avwg PÆMÖvg †_‡K mvwnZ¨cÎ Ômxgvš—Õ †ei Kwi| Gi wØZxq msL¨vq (cÖ_g el©, 2q msL¨v, AMÖnvqY, 1354) ivóªfvlv wk‡ivbv‡g m¤úv`Kxq wjwL : Òc~e© cvwK —v‡bi ivóªfvlv Kx n‡e GB wb‡q Gig‡a¨ bvbv Av‡jvPbvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q| m¤cÖwZ c~e© cvwK —v‡bi mvwnwZ¨Ke„›` evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q cÖavbgš¿xi Kv‡Q GK ¯§viKwjwc †ck K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì G Aby‡iva †gv‡UB AvKw¯§K bq| ^vfvweK †cÖiYvB Gi Drm| cÖkœ, ivóªfvlv Kx nIqv DwPZ? ivóª hw` MYZvwš¿K nq Z‡e M‡Yi fvlv; †h fvlvq

†m K_v e‡j AKzwÉZfv‡e, hvi Øviv †m g‡bi fve cÖKv‡k mg_© nq, †mB fvlvB iv‡óª ’vb cv‡e GUv ^vfvweK| Gi g‡a¨ ÔwKš‘Õ †Kv_vq? wKš‘ ZeyI ÔwKš‘Õi cÖkœ D‡V| .............................................|Ó D³ m¤úv`Kxq Ò‡Kvb cwiw ’wZ‡Z Kx D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q mxgvšÍ †ei KwiÓ cwi”Q‡` we¯ÍvwiZ wj‡LwQ| 1948 mv‡ji 25 †deª“qvwi MYcwil‡ì Awa‡ek‡b ax‡i› ªbv_ `Ë Bs‡iwRi m‡½ MYcwil‡` evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg fvlv wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| GB Aciv‡a cvwK —v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x bIqveRv`v wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb Zv‡K b¨°viRbK fvlvq AvµgY K‡ib| GKB Awa‡ek‡b c~e©e‡½i gyL¨gš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏxb D y©‡K cvwK —v‡bi ivóªfvlv Kievi c‡¶ wee„wZ cÖ vb K‡ib| †`Lv †Mj, gvwb AW©vi dig, WvK wUwKU Ges Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi dig D y© I Bs‡iwR‡Z Qvcv n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖwZev‡` c~e©e‡½i wewfbœ RvqMvq QvÎ ag©NU, mfv Ges wgwQj n‡Z _v‡K| GB ch©v‡q XvKv ivóªfvlv Kg© cwil` †`ke¨vcx 11 gvP© niZvj I mvaviY ag©NU †NvlYv K‡i| Avwg ZLb PÆMÖvg K‡j‡Ri wØZxq e‡l©i QvÎ| D‡jøL¨, Avgvi Õ43 mv‡j †gwUªK cix¶v †`qvi K_v _vK‡jI ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y cix¶v w`‡qwQ Õ47 mv‡j| Kv‡RB hLb K‡j‡R cÖ‡ek Kwi ZLb Avgvi eqm 20| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Ômxgvš—Õ mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv †ei K‡iwQ| bvbv ai‡bi mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK ZrciZvq wb‡R‡K hy³ K‡iwQ| 1945 mv‡j KwgDwb÷ cvwU© cÖfvweZ PÆMÖv‡g AbywôZ cÖv‡`wkK QvÎ m‡¤§j‡bi Kgx© wn‡m‡e G m‡¤§jb‡K mvdj¨gwÊZ Kivi Kv‡R eªZx n‡qwQ| GKB eQ‡i gymwjg nj cÖv½‡Y wZb w`be¨vcx Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì Rb¥Rqš—x cvjb K‡iwQ| Õ45-G iex› ª Rqš—x Ges Õ46-G bRi“j Rqš—x D`hvcb KwgwUi m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ| 1948 mv‡j gv`vimv MÖv‡gi wbKUeZx© nvj`v b`xi †UK KvUvi mgq cywjk †h ¸wj Pvjvq Zv‡Z cÖvq 18 Rb K…lK wbnZ nq| Avgiv kn‡i Ges MÖv‡g Gi cÖwZev‡` wgwQj I Rbmgv‡ek msMwVZ Kwi| GB eq‡mB PÆMÖv‡g Avgvi e¨vcK cwiwPwZ N‡U| PÆMÖv‡gi K…Zx mš—vb Aa¨¶ Aveyj Kv‡kg wQ‡jb Avgvi †QvU gvgv Gj G †PŠayixi eÜz| PÆMÖvg †K› ªxq mvwnZ¨ Ges e³„Zv cwil‡ì m¤úv`K, †h cwil‡ì mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Avgvi †QvU gvgv| Avgvi †gR gvgv Avng` mMxi †PŠayix PÆMÖvg †_‡K mvßvwnK Ô†njvjÕ cwÎKv †ei Ki‡j Aveyj Kv‡kg IB cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kxq wjL‡Zb| GB myev‡` Zuvi m‡½ Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡K `xN©w`‡bi cwiPq| fvlv Av‡›`vjb ïi“ n‡j wZwb Avgv‡K PÆMÖv‡g fvlv Av‡›`vjb msMwVZ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU wPwV †`b| GB wPwVi wfwË‡Z PÆMÖv‡gi ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki digvb Djøvn Lvb, kvgmywÏb gynv¤§` BmnvK, Avgvi gvgv‡Zv fvB gvgyb, †gvnv¤§` GRvnvi“j nK, gvndRyj nK Ges Zv‡iK Bmjvg‡K wb‡q Avgiv K‡jR †nv‡÷‡ji GKwU Kvgivq wgwjZ nB Ges PÆMÖv‡g 11 gvP© niZvj‡K mvdj¨gwÊZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖPvi Ges †R.Gg. †mb n‡j Rbmfv Kivi Rb¨ wm×vš— MÖnY Kwi| ZLb Pj‡Q KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i nVKvix bxwZi hyM| GKjv Pj bxwZi hyM| GB e¨vcv‡i AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ hLb †hvMv‡hvM Kwi ZLb Zviv G‡Z evav †`b| e‡jb, ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki Kgx©iv Avgv‡ì Kgx©‡ì cywj‡k awi‡q w`‡”Q| Kgx©‡ì cÖKv‡k¨ gviai Ki‡Q, cywj‡ki Pi wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| Zv‡ì m‡½ HKë× Av‡›`vjb Kiv hv‡e bv| 1947 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤î ZgÏyb gRwjk MwVZ nq| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Bmjvwg Av`k©wfwËK ms¯‹…wZi wfZ iPbv K‡i cvwK —v‡bi eywbqv`‡K k³ Kiv| Zviv wQ‡jb agx©q RvZxqZvev‡` wek¦vmx| Bmjv‡gi cybR©vMi‡Yi cÖe³v| GB cÖm‡½ Zviv Bmjvg Kx w`‡qwQj, Avi Kx w`‡Z cv‡i G ai‡bi GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡iwQj| agx©q RvZxqZvev‡` mKj gvbyl‡K wgjv‡bv hvq bv| mKj a‡g©i, mKj m¤cÖ v‡qi †jvK‡K GKwÎZ Kiv hvq bv| Ab¨w`‡K ag©wbi‡c¶ RvZxqZvev‡` mevB‡K wgjv‡bv hvq| mKj a‡g©i, e‡Y©i, †kªYxi gvbyl‡K Gi Aš—fy©³ Kiv hvq| Avgiv wQjvg ag©wbi‡c¶ RvZxqZvev‡` wek¦vmx|

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GB gZcv_©K¨ m‡Ë¡I e„nr ¯v‡_©i LvwZ‡i Avwg G‡ì wb‡q fvlv Av‡›`vjb Kivi c¶cvwZ wQjvg| Kv‡RB cvwU©i wm×v‡š— Avwg nZvk n‡qwQjvg| ZgÏyb gRwjk MwVZ n‡j, cvwU© Avgv‡K ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki g‡a¨ KvR Kivi wb‡ ©k w`‡qwQj| ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki †bZvKgx©‡ì m‡½ Avgvi Lye mym¤úK© wQj| Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB Avgvi wbKU AvZ¥xq| wKš‘ cvwU©i wb‡ ©‡k wm×vš— †bqv nq Avgiv GKKfv‡e Av‡›`vjb Ki‡ev (cvwU©i nVKvix bxwZi dj, hv c‡i cwiZ¨³ nq)| Avgiv GKKfv‡e ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R wc‡KwUs Kiv, †R.Gg. †mb n‡j Rbmfv Kivi wm×vš— MÖnY Kwi| GB wm×vš— Abyhvqx Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`‡K MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i wb‡q Avmv n‡jv| wVK n‡jv c‡ii w`b †R.Gg. †mb n‡j mfv AbywôZ n‡e| Avwg I knx` mv‡ei gvBK wb‡q cÖPviKv‡h© †b‡g †Mjvg| b›`bKvbb ’ gymvwdiLvbvi mvg‡b †Nvovi Mvwo K‡i G‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi ¸Êviv Avgv‡ì AvµgY K‡i| cvk¦©eZx© cyKz‡i Suvc w`‡q Avgiv AvZ¥i¶v Kwi| c‡ii w`b GB ¸Êviv †R.Gg. †mb n‡j wgwUs cÊ K‡i †`q| ¯‹zj-K‡j‡R wkw_jfv‡e ag©NU nq| Zvici cÖwZeQi 11 gvP© fvlv wèm cvjb Kwi| ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki Kgx©‡ìI G e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv ZrciZv Avi j¶¨ Kwiwb| Gfv‡e cÖ_‡g ms¯‹…wZ êVK I c‡i hyejx‡Mi e¨vbv‡i Õ48 †_‡K Õ51 mvj ch©š— cÖwZeQi Avgiv Drmv‡ni m‡½ Ges Me©f‡i 11 gvP© ivóªfvlv `vwe wèm wn‡m‡e cvjb K‡iwQ| Õ50 mv‡j miKvi wKQy evav-weNœ m„wó Ki‡jI Avgiv mvd‡jï m‡½ Zv AwZµg Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ| GK_v ¯xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h, cÖ_gw`‡K RbmvaviY ivóªfvlvi e¨vcviUv eyS‡Zv bv| ZLbI gymwjg jxM RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©| ZLb G †`‡ki wkíx mvwnwZ¨K Ges eyw×Rxex‡ì †ewkifvMB wØRvwZZË¡ Ges cvwK —v‡bi Zgmvq Av”Qbœ| D‡jøL¨, W. gyn¤§` knx yjøvni g‡Zv ÁvbZvcm, eû fvlvwe` GK mgq Aviwe‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb| cvwK —v‡bi †Kv‡bv As‡ki mg_©b bv _vKvqÑ †m `vwe A¼z‡iB webó n‡q hvq| c‡i GB knx yjøvn&B n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb Avgv‡ì †cÖiYvi Drm| IB mgq GKSuvK cÖwZfv`xß D¾¡j ZviKv XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbiZ| G †K Gg Avnmvb, dwi` Avng` †PŠayix (gyw³‡hv×v‡ì nv‡Z wbnZ), †gvRvddi Avng` †PŠayix (c‡i ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v mwPe), Kwe mvbvDj nK (c‡i ivóª ~Z), Avn‡g yj Kwei (c‡i ˆ`wbK msev‡ì m¤úv`K), ˆmq` bvRgyÏxb nv‡kg (c‡i ivóª ~Z), ˆmq` b~i“wÏb (L¨vZbvgv Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K), AvLjvKzi ingvb (cÖL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe`), iwe ¸n (c‡i bvgRv`v Aa¨vcK), mi`vi dRjyj Kwig (c‡i MYcwil‡ì m`m¨), Zz‡Lvi e³v gybxi †PŠayix (wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖev`cÖwZg Aa¨vcK, GKvË‡ii knx`) Giv mevB wQ‡jb KwgDwb÷ gZev‡` `xw¶Z| †k‡lv³ wZbRb cvwU© m`m¨, Gw±wf÷| KwgDwb÷ cvwU© G mgq MÖnY K‡i ÔG AvRvw` RyUv n¨vq, jv‡Lv Bbmvb fyLv n¨vqÕ (hv c‡i fyj e‡j cwiZ¨³ nq) GK msKxY© nVKvix bxwZ, hv miKvi‡K w¶ß K‡i †Zv‡j| 11 gvP© (1948) cvwU©i Kvßvb evRvi †K› ªxq `dZi Ges †KvU© nvDR w÷ª‡U Aew ’Z XvKv †Rjv `dZi gymwjg jxM mg_©K‡ì Avµg‡Y weaŸ — nq| cvwU©i QvÎ msMVb, QvÎ †dWv‡ikb, kªwgK †dWv‡ikb, †ij-†ivW IqvK©vm© BDwbqb Ges wKlvb mfvq †bZvKgx©iv miKvi DrLvZ Kivi bxwZi cÖwZwµqvq Kvivi“× n‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K, eyw×Rxex cvwU©i mskªe Z¨vM K‡ib| 1948 mv‡ji 13 Ryb gybxi †PŠayix cvwU© mg_©K‡ì wb‡q mìNvU ’ Ki‡bkb cv‡K© mfv Ki‡Z †M‡jÑ gymwjg QvÎjx‡Mi miKvwi g``cÖvß m¤úv`K kvn AvwRRyi ingvb, †gvnv¤§` Beªvnxg Ges AvjvDwÏb‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ GK`j AQvÎ GB mfv cÊ K‡i †`q, Zv‡ì nv‡Z gybxi †PŠayix jvwÃZ nb| PÆMÖv‡gI GKB ai‡bi NUbvq cvwU© Awdm Avµvš— nq| cvwU© Awdm, QvÎ †dWv‡ikb Awdm, cÖMwZ †jLK I wkíx ms‡Ni Awdm, †UªW BDwbqb I wKlvb mfvi Awdm `Lj K‡i AvµgYKvixiv wb‡R‡ì mvBb‡evW© UvwO‡q †`q| b¨vkbvj eyK G‡RwÝi †`vKvb ye©„Ëiv cywo‡q †`q| Kvivi“× nIqvi SuywK Govevi Rb¨ cy‡iv †bZ…Z¡ AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b P‡j hvq| †mLvb †_‡K cieZx©‡Z A‡c¶vK…Z bexb Ges cvwU© †j‡ej AuvUv bq, GiKg Kgx©‡ì w`‡q fvlv Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv K‡i| 1948 mv‡j AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi A¼z‡iv`Mg nqwb| gymwjg jx‡Mi A‡c¶vK…Z cÖMwZev`x Zi“Yiv GB `j MVb K‡ib 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb| GB `j Amv¤cÖ vwqK iƒc †bq 1955 mv‡j| Amv¤cÖ vwqK MYZš¿x `j MwVZ nq Õ52 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤î, KwgDwb÷ mg_©K Ges ag©wbi‡c¶Zvq wek¦vmx †bZvKgx©‡ì wb‡q| hyejxM MwVZ nq Õ51 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m| kvn& AvwR‡Ri wecix‡Z c~e© cvwK —vb gymwjg QvÎjxM MwVZ nq 48 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi| 1953 mv‡j gymwjg kãwU ev` w`‡q G‡K Amv¤cÖ`vwqK iƒc †`qv nq| c~e© cvwK —vb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi Rb¥ nq Av‡iv c‡i Õ52 mv‡ji 26 GwcÖj| ZL‡bv GB mg — cÖMwZkxj msMVb¸‡jv wQj fwel¨‡Zi M‡f©| d‡j 48 mv‡j cÖ_g fvlv msMÖvg KwgwU MwVZ n‡qwQj ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki D‡`¨v‡M| cieZx©‡Z cÖMwZkxj †bZvKgx©iv

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†hvMw`‡q G‡K kw³kvjx K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j| GB µvwš—Kv‡j †kL gywRe Zuvi wKQy m½x‡ì wb‡q GKKfv‡e GB cwiw ’wZ‡Z jxM kvnxi wei“‡× jovB‡Z AeZxY© nbÑ knx` †mvnivIqv`x© Ges gIjvbv fvmvbx‡K mvg‡b †i‡L| miKvi we‡ivax QvÎjx‡Mi mvnmx Kgx©iv wQj Zuvi mv_x| Aveyj nvwk‡gi wkl¨, 150 bs †gvMjUzjxi c~e©e½ gymwjg jxM Kgx© wkwe‡ii †bZv bCgyÏxb Avng` (c‡i QvÎjx‡Mi mfvcwZ), Awj Avnv` (c‡i hyejx‡Mi cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K), ZvRDÏxb Avng` (c‡i ^vaxb evsjvi cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x), †gvnv¤§` †Zvnv (KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i KvW© †nvìvi, evg Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv) Ges wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ n‡ji QvÎ‡bZv Ave yj gwZb, †gvnv¤§` myjZvb, MvRxDj nK cÖgyL fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ vbKvix f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K Avgv‡ì m‡½ AMÖfv‡M P‡j Av‡m PÆMÖv‡gi ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki †bZvKgx©iv| GB Av‡›`vj‡b Zv‡ì „wófw½Õi m‡½ Avgv‡ì GKwU †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ wQj| Zviv wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z cvwK —vb ivóªxq KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi `vwe Ki‡Zb| Avgiv evsjvfvlv I mvwn‡Zï nvRvi eQ‡ii HwZ‡nï Aš—M©Z evOvwj RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai †cÖiYvq ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡b bvwg| d‡j ’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi Kv‡Q, B‡›Uwj‡R‡Ýi Kv‡Q, Avgiv wec¾bK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nB| Ab¨‡ì †mB fxwZ wQj bv| Av‡›`vj‡bi AwfÁZvq †`L‡Z cvB, Avgv‡ì m‡½ GK‡hv‡M KvR K‡i †hme wfbœ cš’x †jvK, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD cywj‡ki Kv‡Q †Mvc‡b Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP duvm K‡i w`‡”Q| d‡j Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡ì h‡_ó mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| 1948 mv‡j hLb cvwK —v‡bi RbK †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn igbvi gv‡V m`‡¤¢ †NvlYv K‡ibÑ Urdu and Urdu alone shall be the State Language of Pakistan. ZLbB mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© evOvwj QvÎ, wk¶K, eyw×Rxex‡ì UbK b‡o I‡V| cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªxq KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ Zviv evOvwj gymjgv‡bi fwel¨r‡K Luy‡R cvq bv| B‡Zvg‡a¨ cvwK —v‡bi wk¶vgš¿x evOvwj dRjyi ingvb Aviwe A¶‡i evsjv †jLv cÖPjb Kivi Rb¨ Zrci n‡q I‡Vb| IB mgq PÆMÖvg K‡j‡R yÕwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvi m„wó nq| 1. 1949 mv‡j c~e© evsjvi Mfb©i, KjKvZv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi GK mg‡qi †gqi, m¨vi Ave yi ingvb wmwÏKx PÆMÖvg K‡jR cwi`k©‡b Av‡mb| K‡jR wgjbvqZ‡b QvÎ‡ì D‡Ï‡k fvlY w`‡Z wM‡q wZwb evsjv fvlvi wei“‡× KU~w³ K‡ib Ges Aviwe A¶‡i evsjv †jLvi c‡¶ IKvjwZ K‡ib| Avwg Zvi wei“‡× Zxeª cÖwZev` Kwi Ges wKQy msL¨K QvÎ‡ì wb‡q nj †_‡K †ewi‡q Avwm| Aa¨¶ Avey †nbv Avgvi Ges Avgvi gvgvi wk¶K Avgv‡K IB e¨vcv‡i ¶gv PvIqvi civgk© †`b| Avwg mweb‡q †m cÖ —ve cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kwi| Gfv‡e Avgvi QvÎ Rxe‡bi Aemvb N‡U| 2. cvwK —v‡bi wk¶vgš¿x 1950 mv‡j PÆMÖvg K‡j‡R G‡j ZgÏyb gRwj‡mi QvÎKgx© digvb Djøvn& Lvb Ges GRvnvi“j nK Zvi Mvwo‡Z ivóªfvlvi `vwem¤^wjZ GKwU B‡ —nvi Qy‡o †`b| G‡Z ¶zä n‡q dRjyi ingvb K‡j‡Ri Aa¨¶ Avey †nbv‡K G‡ì wei“‡× kvw —g~jK eë ’v †bqvi Rb¨ wb‡ ©k †`b| digvb Djøvn& Lvb wU.wm. wb‡q †dbx K‡j‡R co‡Z P‡j hvb| Õ52 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb PÆMÖv‡g wQ‡jb bv| G yÕwU NUbv QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ LyeB cÖfve we —vi K‡i| Zviv Av‡›`vj‡b mvnmx n‡q I‡V| 1948-52 PÆMÖv‡g A‡bK NUbvi m„wó nq| 1950 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq g~jbxwZ KwgwUi wi‡cvU©| IB wi‡cv‡U© c~e© evsjv‡K ^vqËkvmb Ges evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlvi `vwe AMÖvn¨ Kiv nq| Avgiv Gi we‡ivwaZv Kivi Rb¨ PÆMÖv‡g g~jbxwZwe‡ivax KwgwU MVb Kwi| Gi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb gymwjg jx‡Mi Amv¤cÖ vwqK †Mvôxi mfvcwZ †kL iwdDwÏb Avng` wmwÏKx Ges hyM¥ m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nB h_vµ‡g †ij kªwgK jx‡Mi †bZv gvneyeyj nK Ges Avwg| GB KwgwUi D‡`¨v‡M jvj`xwNi gq`v‡b GK wekvj Rbmgv‡ek AbywôZ nq| †mLvb †_‡K Avgiv GK weivU wgwQj wb‡q PÆMÖv‡g yB MYcwil` m`m¨ h_vµ‡g G †K Lvb I b~i Avng` †Pqvig¨v‡bi evwo †NivI Kwi Ges we‡¶vf cÖ k©‡bi gva¨‡g GB g‡g© Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K wjwLZ cÖwZkÖ“wZ Av`vq Kwi †h, Zviv hw` MYcwil‡` ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vwe ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Z‡e Zviv c`Z¨vM Ki‡eb| gymwjg jxM miKvi mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½vi D¯‹vwb w`‡q ZLb PÆMÖv‡gI `v½vi m~ÎcvZ NUvq| GB `v½vq, cieZx©‡Z hviv Amv¤cÖ vwqK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì A‡b‡K AskMÖnY K‡i †R‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| Avgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ b›`bKvbb, †Ìqvb evRvi, NvUdinv`‡eM Ges gv`vievox GjvKvq kixiPP©v †K› ª MVb Kwi| eû QvÎ, hyeK IBme †K‡›`ª †hvM`vb K‡ib| IBme †K‡›`ª ’vwcZ nq jvB‡eªwi Ges cvVPµ| Gme

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Zr¶Yvr Zv‡ì Awdm †_‡K †ei n‡q †h‡Z ewj| Zviv `j cvwK‡q wgwUs‡q dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayixi Ab¨vb¨ mg_©K‡ì wb‡q †Mvjgvj m„wó Kivi †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ jv‡Lv R‡bi mgv‡e‡k Zv‡ì †Póv e¨_© n‡q hvq| Gfv‡e `xN© msMÖv‡gi ci 1956 mv‡j evsjv ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v jvf K‡i| eZ©gv‡b fvlv Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z wM‡q †KD GB Av‡›`vjb‡K evgcš’x‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ PvwjZ n‡q‡Q e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| †KD e‡jb ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki bvg, †KD e‡jb GB Av‡›`vjb cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡| Gi c‡¶-wec‡¶ bvbv ai‡bi weåvwš—Ki Z_¨ Dc ’vcb Kiv nq| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hv‡ì mskªe wQj bv, hviv wQ‡jb †KejB bxie mg_©K wKsev we‡ivax wkwe‡ii †jvK Zviv hLb wb‡Ri bvg Rvwni Kivi Rb¨ KvM‡R weåvwš—Ki Z_¨ w`‡q mv¶vrKvi cª vb K‡ib, ZLb wecbœ‡eva Kwi| Avwg GB BwZnvm weK…wZ‡K AvZ¥nZ¨vi kvwgj e‡j g‡b Kwi| m¤cÖwZ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv e¨w³ 1952 mv‡j PÆMÖvg K‡j‡R me© jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ n‡qwQj e‡j mv¶vrKv‡i e‡j _v‡Kb Ges wb‡R Gi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb e‡jI `vwe K‡ib| hviv G KwgwUi m`m¨ wQ‡jb e‡j Zviv e‡j _v‡Kb, Zviv †KD GLb RxweZ †bB| Avwg PÆMÖvg K‡j‡Ri Z`vbxš—b wbe©vwPZ wRGm (†Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvwi) Ges ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki †bZv Rbve GRvnvi“j nK‡K (whwb evsjv fvlvi `vwem¤^wjZ B‡ —nvi Z`vbxš—b wk¶vgš¿x dRjyi ingv‡bi Mvwo‡Z Qy‡o w`‡q wQ‡jb) GB e¨vcv‡i gš—e¨ Ki‡Z ej‡j, wZwb e‡jb, G ai‡bi QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì Aw —Z¡ PÆMÖv‡g KL‡bvB wQj bv| wZwb GL‡bv †eu‡P Av‡Qb| ZvQvov PÆMÖvg K‡j‡Ri Z`vbxš—b †bZ… ’vbxq A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q G e¨vcv‡i Rvb‡Z PvB‡j ZvivI GUv mZ¨ bq e‡j gš—e¨ K‡ib| Avwg 1948 mvj †_‡K fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ RwoZ wQjvg Ges 1952 mv‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjv me© jxq msMÖvg cwil‡ì AvnŸvqK wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ GB ai‡bi †Kv‡bv msMÖvg cwil‡ì Aw —‡Z¡i K_v Avgvi Rvbv †bB| Avgvi mnKgx©‡ì g‡a¨ GL‡bv A‡b‡K †eu‡P Av‡Qb| Zv‡ì Kv‡QI GB Z‡_ï mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z wM‡q †R‡bwQ G ai‡bi QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì Aw —Z¡ PÆMÖv‡g †Kv‡bvw`b wQj bv| GUv m¤ú~Y© wfwËnxb, AmZ¨ Ges BwZnvm weK…wZ| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b †K ev Kviv †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Q †mUv cÖvmw½K n‡jI, GUv eo K_v bq| eo K_v Gi Aš—wb©wnZ mZ¨, Amv¤cÖ vwqK RvwZ MV‡bi †cÖiYv| Avm‡j G Av‡›`vjb wQj evOvwj gymjgv‡bi ^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡Yi Av‡›`vjb, MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb| wb‡R‡K Rvbvi, wb‡R‡K †Pbvi, wb‡R‡K Avwe®‹vi Kivi Av‡›`vjb, hv eû i‡³i c_ AwZµg K‡i, wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i Kei iPbv Kivi gva¨‡g 1971 mv‡j fvlvwfwËK iv‡óªi Rb¥ †`q| GB Av‡›`vj‡b Kv‡iv GKK K…wZZ¡ †bB| G Av‡›`vj‡b mvd‡jï g~j kw³ wQj †kªYx, eY©, m¤cÖ vq, `j-gZ wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji AUj my „p HK¨| G‡Z evgcš’x KwgDwb÷iv †hgb wQ‡jb, †Zgwb AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡Zv ga¨cš’xiv wQ‡jb, ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki Kgx©ivI wQ‡jb, Avevi gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖMwZkxj AskI G‡Z †hvM †`b| GUvB BwZnvm| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖYKvix wn‡m‡e Avwg ZvB †`‡LwQ| †KD hw` G e¨vcv‡i M‡elYvg~jK BwZnvm wjL‡Z Pvb, Zv‡ì Aby‡iva Kwi †hb Zviv Bw›U‡j‡R‡Ýi myiw¶Z AvK©vBf Ges Av‡›`vjbKvix hviv GL‡bv RxweZ Av‡Qb, Zv‡ì kiYvcbœ nb| wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv hv‡ì †bB, GgbwK ZLb hviv Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb bv, GiKg Av‡Rev‡R †jv‡Ki mv¶vrKvi wb‡q †hb BwZnv‡mi weK…wZ bv NUvb|

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1954 mv‡j nK-fvmvbxi †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ nq hy³d«›U| IB mgq c~e© cvwK —v‡bi gyL¨gš¿x b~i“j Avwgb, GKz‡k †deª“qvwii QvÎ nZ¨vi bvqK, gymwjg jx‡Mi c‡¶ cÖPviYvi Rb¨ PÆMÖvg Av‡mb Ges jvj`xwNi gq`v‡b mfv Ki‡Z wM‡q RbZvi †iv‡l Avµvš— nb| G wb‡q i‡gk kxj †h Mvb iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv †`ke¨vcx hy³d«‡Èi weR‡q LyeB mvnv‡h¨ G‡mwQj| ZLb †Uwjwfkb wQj bv, †iwWI wQj gvÎ KwZcq fvMëvb‡ì N‡i, AvRv` I B‡ËdvK Qvov †Kv‡bv cwÎKvI wQj bv| AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki A¶i Ávb bv _vKvq mevB cwÎKvI co‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| IB mgq KweMvb wQj MYms‡hv‡Mi me‡P‡q kw³kvjx gva¨g| 1945 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g cÖv‡`wkK QvÎ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| Avwg GB m‡¤§j‡bi Kgx© wn‡m‡e KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i wbKUeZx© nB| IB m‡¤§j‡b Avwg, MxZv gyLvwR©, Abœ vk¼i fÆvPvh©, †MŠZg PÆcva¨vq, myKvš— fÆvPvh©, †Mvcvj nvj`vi, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, fevbx †mb cÖgyL ¸Yx e¨w³‡ì mvwbœ‡a¨ Avwm| Zv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYvq Ges †Rjv KwgwUi wb‡ ©‡k KjKvZvq †gvnv¤§` Avjx cv‡K© AbywôZ m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb Kwi| eû Ávbx ¸Yx e¨w³i m‡½ cwiwPZ nB| cwiwPZ nB myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, g½jvPiY P‡Ævcva¨vq, myax cÖavb, nx‡ib gyLvwR©, weRb fÆvPvh©, my‡kvfb miKvi, †Mvjvg KzÏym, Kwjg kivdx Ges Lv‡j` †PŠayixi g‡Zv ¸Yx e¨w³‡ì m‡½| IB mgq cvwU©i ms¯‹…wZ d«‡›Ui †bZv Kg‡iW ew¼g †m‡bi D‡`¨v‡M PÆMÖv‡g i‡gk kxj‡K mfvcwZ Ges ax‡i› ª P›`ª †mb‡K m¤úv`K K‡i Kweqvj mwgwZ MVb Kiv nq| iY`x‡fi †mK&‡Uwiqvb Avg‡j (1948) nVKvix bxwZi d‡j GB mwgwZ †f‡O hvq| ew¼g †mb Ges eû ms¯‹…wZ Kgx© KjKvZvq P‡j hvb| cieZx©‡Z PÆMÖv‡g Avgiv i‡gk kxj‡K mfvcwZ Ges Av‡iKRb Kweqvj ivB †Mvcvj‡K m¤úv`K K‡i Kwe mwgwZ MVb Kwi| Gi Aš—M©Z Kweiv mwgwZi wbqg-Kvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Zb| cÖavb kZ© wQj †KD Akøxj Mvb Ki‡eb bv, mv¤cÖ vwqKZv‡K cÖkªq †`‡eb bv| Avgiv PÆMÖv‡gi mKj Kweqvj‡K GB mwgwZi g‡a¨ †U‡b G‡bwQjvg| G‡ì g‡a¨ BqvKze Avjx, my‡ik eo–qv, ivq‡gvnb eo–qv, h‡Ák¦imn Av‡iv A‡b‡K wQ‡jb, mevi bvg g‡b co‡Q bv| Giv cÖvq mevB KweMvb‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e wb‡qwQ‡jb| †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K KweMvb MvIqvi Rb¨ Zviv Avgš¿Y †c‡Zb| G Avgš¿Y‡K ejv n‡Zv evqbv| Avgiv wmwbqi Kwe‡ì Rb¨ GK cvwi‡ZvwlK Ges A‡c¶vK…Z bexb‡ì Rb¨ wKQy Kg cvwi‡ZvwlK wba©viY K‡i w`‡qwQjvg| evqbvi Avgš¿Y G‡j mwgwZi Aby‡gv`b wb‡Z n‡Zv, †hb †KD mv¤cÖ vwqK kw³i Là‡i bv c‡o| ZLbKvi w`‡b Kwei jovB wQj Lye kw³kvjx MYgva¨g| i‡gk kx‡ji †Q‡j h‡Ák¦i fv‡jv KweMvb MvB‡Zv| A‡bK mgq i‡gk kxj Ges Zuvi †Q‡j‡K cÖwZc¶ wn‡m‡e MvBevi Rb¨ evqbv AvmZ| d‡j †ewkifvM evqbv †c‡Zb i‡gk kxj Ges Zuvi †Q‡j| G wb‡q mwgwZi g‡a¨ i‡gk kx‡ji wei“‡× ZviB wkl¨ dYx eo–qvi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU ¸Ä‡bi m„wó nq, m„wó nq Aš—Ø©‡›Øi| Avwg Avi †Mvcvj wek¦vm GB we‡iva wgUvevi Rb¨ eûevi dYx eo–qvi evm ’vb jv¤yinv‡U wM‡qwQ| iv‡Zi ci ivZ i‡gk kxjmn me Kwe‡K wb‡q wgwUs K‡iwQ Ges eû Kó K‡i GB we‡iva wgwU‡qwQ|

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Kwe mwgwZi D‡`¨v‡M 1953 mv‡j Avgiv †R.Gg. †mb n‡ji gv‡V wZbw`be¨vcx †jvK ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb Kwi| GRb¨ †h KwgwU Kiv nq Zvi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb i‡gk kxj, hyM¥ m¤úv`K wQ‡jb Kwjg kivdx Ges Avwg| m‡¤§j‡bi g~j mfvcwZ K‡iwQjvg K_vwkíx gvneye-Dj Avjg‡K| Kzwgjøv †_‡K mv‡jnv LvZzb‡K wb‡q G‡mwQjvg cÖavb AwZw_ K‡i| Z`vbxš—b c~e© cvwK —v‡bi wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K †jvKKwe Ges †jvKwkíx G‡mwQ‡jb m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡Z| Kzwóqv †_‡K GKwU evDj m¤cÖ vq G‡mwQj evDj Mvb cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z| wm‡jU Ges gqgbwms‡ni yBRb †jvKKwe Lye my›ì Mvb K‡iwQ‡jb| wm‡j‡Ui Kwe, hvi bvg g‡b Avm‡Q bv| Zvi Mv‡bi GKwU c` Avgvi GL‡bv g‡b Av‡Q t ÔK‡j wUc& w`‡j DBov P‡j †Kv¤úvwbi RvnvRÕ| m‡¤§jb PjvKv‡j GKwU AcÖxwZKi NUbvi m~Pbv nq| PÆMÖv‡gi wmwU Gmwc G Gm Gd Kwei wR‡c K‡i G‡m Avgv‡K Ges Kwjg kivdx‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i wWAvBwe wn‡j wb‡q hvb| Avgv‡ì e‡jb, Avcbviv hv Ki‡Qb Zv ivóªwe‡ivax KvR| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i wb‡ ©‡k Ges fvi‡Zi A‡_©| Avgiv Zvi Zxeª cÖwZev` Kwi| Avgv‡ì ivZ 2Uv ch©š— wWAvBwe Awd‡m AvU‡K ivLv nq| Lei †c‡q Avgv‡ì wn‰Zlx AvqKi AvBbRxex ˆmq` Avwbmy¾vgvb Avgv‡ì gy³ Ki‡Z Qy‡U Av‡mb| Avwbmy¾vgvb PÆMÖv‡gi mvs¯‹…wZK Ges ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi GK †bc_¨ bvqK, KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †Mvcb mg_©K| wZwb Avgv‡ì bvbv Av‡qvR‡b A_© †hvMv‡Zb| PÆMÖv‡gi eëmvqx Ges wkícwZ‡ì Ici Zvi wQj `vi“Y cÖfve| †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡j‡Ri K„Zx QvÎ| GK mgq AvqKi wefv‡M D”Pc‡` KvR Ki‡Zb| IB mgq G Gm Gd Kwei AvqKi wefv‡M Zvi Rywbqi mnKgx© wQ‡jb| GB myev‡` Avwbmy¾vgv‡bi eÜz‡Z¡i cÖfv‡e Kwei Avgv‡ì †Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| Kwei m¤ú‡K© G †K dRjyj n‡Ki fvM‡b| wePvicwZ †gv‡k©‡ì Lvjv‡Zv fvB| cieZx©‡Z Kwe‡ii m‡½ Avgvi Nwbô eÜzZ¡ ’vwcZ nq| Avgvi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK msK‡U wZwb Avgv‡K civgk© w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi cvm‡cvU© AvU‡Ki Kvwnbx I dKv †PŠayixi Ôky Kh¨v K‡WÕ cvwK —vb miKvi 1953 mv‡j Avgvi cvm‡cvU© Rã K‡i| Dwbk eQi cvm‡cvU© bv cvIqvq Avwg †`‡ki evB‡i †h‡Z cvwiwb| PÆMÖv‡g 1950 mv‡j wek¦kvwš— cwil‡ì kvLv MVb Kwi| mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Ave yj nK †`vfvl, m¤úv`K Avwg| IB msm‡ì Zid †_‡K AvYweK †evgv wbwl×Ki‡Yi `vwe‡Z mvZ jvL ^v¶i msMÖn Kiv nq| GB ^v¶i msMÖ‡n K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb, gIjvbv Avng yi ingvb AvRgx, Avey †gvnv¤§` kvnveywÏb, wdwiw½ evRv‡ii k¨vgvPiY Kweiv‡Ri bvwZ, QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡bi Kgx© wKkjq †mb kg©v, Mwnivi gwZ †PŠayix, wPË wms, bbx miKvi, cÖdzjø gv÷vi, †`‡e› ª Wv³vi, we‡bv` `vk¸ß cÖgyL| Zvi ^xK…wZ îƒc ÷K‡nv‡g 1953 mv‡j wek¦ kvwš— m‡¤§j‡b †hvM †`qvi Rb¨ Avgvi Avgš¿Y Av‡m| Avwg cvm‡cvU© bv cvIqvq Zv‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡Z cvwiwb| GQvov KjKvZv, kvwš— wb‡KZb Ges w`jøx †_‡K Avwg eû Abyôv‡b †hvM †`qvi Avgš¿Y cvB, GK ch©v‡q g‡¯‹v †_‡KI Avwg Avgš¿Y †c‡qwQjvg †Kv‡bv GK m‡¤§j‡b †hvM †`qvi Rb¨| †`‡ki evB‡i †Kv_vI †h‡Z cvwiwb| `xN© Dwbk eQi LuvPvi cvwLi g‡Zv QUdU K‡iwQ| eûevi †Póv Z`wei K‡iI, cvm‡cvU© cvBwb| Õ54 mv‡j hy³d«È ¶gZvq Av‡m, ZL‡bv Z`wei K‡iwQ, cvBwb| AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq Avmvi ci Avwg miKv‡ii Kv‡Q cvm‡cv‡U©i Rb¨ Avevi Av‡e`b Kwi| XvKvi jvjevM ’ B‡›Uwj‡RÝ eªv‡Â Avgv‡K †W‡K cvVv‡bv nq| GB wefv‡Mi cÖavb Kg©KZ©v wQ‡jb Ave yj Lv‡jK| wZwb cvwK —vb nIqvi ci eû eQi PÆMÖv‡g B‡›Uwj‡RÝ eªv‡Â wWAvBI-1 wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| Zvi ¿x, Lv —Mxi Mvj©m ¯‹z‡j wk¶wqÎx Zv‡e›`v LvZzb, Avgvi gymwjg nvB¯‹z‡ji wk¶‡Ki Kb¨v, cvBIwbqvi †cÖ‡mi gvwjK †gvnvq‡g‡bi †evb| Lv‡jK mv‡ne wQ‡jb B‡›Uwj‡R‡Ýi Lye ayi›ì KZ©ve¨w³| PÆMÖvg _vKvKvjxb Avgv‡ì cvwU©i wKQy wec_Mvgx Kgx© Ges Avgv‡ì wei“×ev`x wKQy ivR‰bwZK e¨w³ wQ‡jb Zvi ¸ßPi e„wËi ZvwjKvq| GB ¸ßPiiv Avgv‡ì †`k‡cÖ‡g wb‡ew`Z eû †bZvKgx©‡K †Mvcb Z_¨ w`‡q cywj‡ki nv‡Z awi‡q †`q| GB ¸ßPi‡ì A‡b‡K cieZx©‡Z †`‡ki eo eo †bZvq cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb| `v½vq nvZ cvwK‡q †R‡j wM‡q cieZx©‡Z †RjLvUv †bZv wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì Rxeb e„Ëvš— Qvwc‡q wQ‡jb| Avwg jvjevM B‡›Uwj‡RÝ Awd‡m Dcw ’Z n‡j Lv‡jK †Pqvi †_‡K D‡V Avgv‡K Af¨_©bv Rvwb‡q em‡Z e‡jb| e‡jb, gvneye mv‡ne, Avcbv‡ì cvwU©i KvRKg© †Kgb Pj‡Q? Avwg ejjvg, Avcwb †Kvb cvwU©i K_v ej‡Qb Avwg Rvwb bv, Avwg MYZš¿x `j KiZvg c‡i b¨v‡c †hvM †`B| `xN©w`b Aš—ixY Ae ’vq KvwU‡q Avwg me©cÖKvi ivR‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K wehy³| wZwb †n‡m Reve w`‡jb Avwg me Rvwb| Avcbv‡ì Kg‡iWivB †Zv Avgv‡K msev` mieivn K‡i| g‡b ivL‡eb, Avcbviv †hLv‡b wZbRb, †mLv‡b Avgv‡ì GKRb| Avcbv‡ì ewki mv‡ne, knx` mv‡ne, gKeyj mv‡ne †Kgb Av‡Qb (Giv cvwU©i AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix

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GKw`b ïbjvg, †Mvcvj wek¦vm †`k †Q‡o KjKvZvq P‡j †M‡Qb| ZLb gvk©vjÕi Rvgvbv| Avwg welYœ n‡q cojvg| KviY wZwb Avgvi Aa©vw½bx bv n‡jI Aa©v½, Awfbœ cÖvY, Awfbœ Av`‡k© wek¦vmx mn‡hv×v| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i gvVKgx©| Avgv‡K bv e‡j hvIqvq ytLUv †ewk †c‡qwQjvg| 1953 mv‡j cvwK —vb miKvi Avgvi cvm‡cvU© Rã K‡iwQj| d‡j 19 eQi Avwg †`‡ki evB‡i †h‡Z cvwiwb| †`k ¯vaxb nIqvi ci KjKvZvq wM‡q Zv‡K Luy‡R †ei Kijvg| wZwb cwðge‡½i kªxivgcy‡i emevm Ki‡Qb| AP©bv †Mvcvj wek¦vm GK myLx `¤úwZ| GKwU PgrKvi evwoI K‡i‡Qb kªxivgcy‡i| †Mvcvj evey †hiKg fve‡jknxb, A‰elwqK gvbyl| Zvi c‡¶ kªxivgcy‡i evwo Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| AP©bvi yi`wk©Zv, Kg©¶gZv, ev —‡ei m‡½ jovB Kivi mvnm Ges msKí kªxivgcy‡i Zv‡ì cÖwZwôZ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e GKRb †kªô Mí †jLK, PÆMÖvg mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b Avgvi mve©¶wYK mn‡hv×v‡K Avwg nvivjvg| KjKvZv †M‡j Zv‡ì m‡½ †`Lv Kwi| Zv‡ì myL- yt‡Li K_v ïwb| Avgvi myL- yt‡Li K_vI Zv‡ì ewj| gv‡S gv‡S †Uwj‡dv‡bI Avjvc nq| wKš‘ †Mvcvj wek¦v‡mi ey‡K AZx‡Zi †mB Av¸‡bi `xwß GLb Avi Lyu‡R cvB bv| eZ©gv‡b wZwb kªxivgcy‡i AP©bv‡K wb‡q Aemi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Qb| GB cÖm‡½ kIKZ Imgvb m¤ú‡K© wKQy ej‡Z PvB| mvivRxeb wZwb wQ‡jb Avgvi Avcb eo fvB‡qi g‡Zv| miKvwi K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK n‡qI wZwb eû ytmvnwmK Kv‡R Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb| mxgv‡š—i GKRb Dc‡`óv| 1954 mv‡j XvKvi KvR©b n‡j †h mvwnZ¨ m‡¤§jb n‡qwQj Zv‡Z PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖvq kZvwaK wkíx mvwnwZ¨K †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb SuywK wb‡q Zvi evwowU winv‡m©‡ji Rb¨ †Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| g„Zz i K‡qKw`b Av‡M wZwb Avgvi m¤ú‡K© ÔAvR‡Ki KvM‡RÕ †j‡Lb t ÒAZx‡Zi AÜKv‡i gb muvZvi Kv‡U| GB mgy‡ ª †Pv‡Li mvg‡b KZ ai‡bi B‡gR bv fvmgvb| Zvi wKQy kã, wKQy gvbe-gvbexq gyL ev ïay is-†iLvi Mwngq †`ŠoÑ A_© _v‡K bv wKš‘ ¯§„wZi LÊiƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ nq| iPbvi ZvwiL †`qv hvq, fv ªgvm 1357 mb A_©vr mvZPwjøk ermi c~‡e©i NUbv| GKvbœ eQi c~‡e© †`k fvM n‡qwQj| GK_v Av‡iv g‡b coj GB R‡b¨ wbe‡Ü Av‡jvP¨ †mœnfvRb wLª÷xq 1947 m‡bi b‡f¤î gv‡m GKwU cwÎKv †ei K‡i| 1957 m‡b cÖKvwkZ nq ÔmgKvjÕ ^Mx©q eÜz wmKv›`vi Avey Rvd‡ii Ab¨Zg gnr KxwZ©| cÖ_‡gv³ cwÎKvwUi bvg wQj Ômxgvš—Õ †`k wefv‡Mi ci mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î †h ywf©¶ engvb wQj, Ômxgvš—Õ Zvi DRvb-†mªvZ iƒ‡c HwZnvwmK M‡elK‡ì wbKU ^xK…Z| ZLb c~e© cvwK —v‡b †Kv‡bv D”Pgv‡bi gvwmK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv wQj bv| Ômxgvš—Õ m¤úv`K gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z GKwU HwZnvwmK bvg| Z`vbxš—b nZ¨vKvix‡ì duvwmi `vwe wb‡q Zvi cÖ_g cªwZev` wPrKvi Ñ AvRI wK cÖwZaŸwb gyLi bq? Avwg †`k wefv‡Mi ci miKvwi bdi Ackvb w`‡q c~e© cvwK —v‡b G‡mwQjvg, PÆMÖvg Kgvm© K‡j‡R wb‡qvwRZ| PÆMÖv‡g ZLb cvwK —vwb ivRbxwZi mvdj¨ W¼v Zvi ^‡i †e‡R P‡j‡Q| ms¯‹…wZi w`‡K Zv‡ì bRi wQj bv| ÔBmjvgx ms¯‹…wZiÕ mvBb †evW© jvwM‡q wQj †bZ…e„›`| wKš‘ †mB ms¯‹…wZi gyLveqe m¤ú‡K© Kv‡iv aviYv wQj bv| ivR‰bwZK mvd‡j¨ euy BnRvMwZK nvjyqv-i“wUi m‡½ hv‡ì †PvL †mu‡U hvq, ms¯‹…wZ wb‡q Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv gv_ve¨_v _v‡K bv, hwÌ mvBb †evW© GKUv _v‡K| GB cUf~wg| ZLbB mvs¯‹…wZK msMV‡bi Avgiv K‡qKRb †Póv cvB| gvneye Dj ZLb m`¨-hyeK GwM‡q Av‡m| evjKKv‡jB gv I evev‡K nvwi‡qwQj gvneye| me©nviv‡ì cÖwZ mnRvZ fv‡jvevmvi †`¨vZbvq †m Z`vbxš—b KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i cÖ”Qbœ Kgx©iƒ‡c bvbv `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b Rxe‡bi SuywK wb‡q †bZ…Z¡ †`q Ges mxgv‡š—i wØZxq msL¨vq fvlv mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© m¤úv`Kxq †j‡L| †mw`K †_‡K ejv hvq, cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB fvlv mgm¨vi cÖ_g hš¿Yv Abyfe K‡i PÆMÖv‡gi gvneye m¤úvw`Z Ômxgvš—Õ †hLv‡b ivWvi- m „k| AZxZ Gfv‡e mvg‡b Lvov nq ARmª cÖkœ wP‡ýi g‡Zv| eZ©gvb f~wgKvq| †mme DËi`v‡bi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| Dn¨ Ask myü`q cvV‡Ki eyw×gËvi Ici AwR©Z| PÆMÖvg †_‡K Avgvi ÔKuvKigwbÕ bvU‡Ki wØZxq ms¯‹iY †ei nq| GUv gvneye‡K DrmM© K‡i Avwg wb‡gœv³ K‡qK cO&w³ wj‡LwQjyg| gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix AbyR - cÖwZ‡gly \ GKwU AvKvk wKbv‡i,

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Zvi cv‡k emjvg| Zv‡K wR‡Ám Kijvg Avcwb KwgDwb÷‡ì m¤ú‡K© wK wKQy Rv‡bb| wZwb A‡bK¶Y Pzc K‡i †_‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q KwgDwb÷‡ì m¤ú‡K© we —vwiZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| GB my‡hvM wb‡q Avwg Zv‡K wKQy eBcÎ co‡Z w`jvg| Zvici †Zv Avwg kn‡i P‡j G‡mwQ| GKw`b GjvKvq wM‡q ïbjvg, Avng yi ingvb AvRgx bv‡g GK e¨w³ ˆmq` wgqvi evwo‡Z cÖMwZ cvVvMvi K‡i‡Qb| ILv‡b bvwK AvRgx mv‡ne gvK©mxR‡gi Ici wbqwgZ K¬vm †bb| ï‡b Avwg wew¯§Z njvg| GKw`b ILv‡b wM‡q Dcw ’Z njvg| †`Ljvg wZwb wbwe©‡Nœ K¬vm wb‡”Qb| Avwg g‡b g‡b GB wiµzU‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ Mwe©Z njvg| Gfv‡e gwdRyj Bmjvg, G wU Gg kvmgywÏb Ges ˆmq`yj nK (Aa¨vcK kvgmyj Avjg mvC‡ì wcZv) eû hyeK Ges QvÎ‡K evgcš’x Av‡›`vj‡b hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì Wv‡K Avgvi cÖvqB gx‡iimivB I mxZvKz‡Ê †h‡Z n‡Zv| GKw`b gx‡iimivB‡q GKwU mfvq †hvM †`qvi Rb¨ hvIqvi c‡_ Avgvi wRc Lvivc n‡q †Mj| Avwg Mi“i Mvwo‡Z K‡i wgwUs Awfgy‡L hvÎv ïi“ Kwi| ~i †_‡K ïb‡Z †cjvg gvB‡K gwdRyj Bmjv‡gi D`vË K‡Éi AvIqvR| wZwb Zx¶è K‡É ej‡Qb, GKUz c‡iB G‡m †cuŠQ‡eb Avgv‡ì †bZv gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix| Avcbviv âh© ai“b| wZwb me mgq eÜz‡ì D”Pch©v‡q ’vb w`‡Z cQ›` Ki‡Zb Ges mycvi‡jwUf wWwMÖ‡Z cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡Zb| Zvi GB AvPi‡Y Avwg gv‡S gv‡S weeªZ‡eva KiZvg| †Kv‡bvw`b Zv‡K Kv‡iv m¤ú‡K© Cl©vwš^Z n‡Z †`wLwb| wZwb Kzwgjøvi Awaevmx| wKš‘ Zvi †hŠebKvj †K‡U‡Q PÆMÖv‡g| GB wbin¼vix eÜzermj, weij cÖwZfvi AwaKvix GLb Avi Bn RM‡Z †bB| Mi“i MvwoIqvjv Avgv‡K Lye ª“Z mfv ’‡j †cuŠ‡Q w`‡jb| Avgv‡K ejv n‡qwQj, GB MÖv‡gi gvby‡li g‡a¨ fqvbK agx©q †Muvovwg Av‡Q| Avwg †hb Ae ’v ey‡S e³„Zv ïi“ Kwi| Avwg †KviAvb kix‡di wKQy AvqvZ †ZjvIqvZ Ges ZR©gv K‡i jxM miKv‡ii wei“‡× cÖvq GK NÈv e³„Zv Kijvg| ˆmq yj n‡Ki evwo‡Z Avgvi _vKv LvIqvi eë ’v n‡qwQj| mfv †k‡l wZwb Avgv‡K Zvi evwo‡Z wb‡q †M‡jb| †`Ljvg MÖv‡gi eû †jvK Avgv‡K `vIqvZ w`‡Z G‡m‡Q| Zvi evwo‡Z Lye wfo Rg‡jv| A‡b‡K cvwbcovi Rb¨ cvwbi †evZj wb‡q Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Qb| Avwg wK Ki‡ev †f‡e bv †c‡q ˆmq` wgqvi civgk© PvBjvg| wZwb GB cvwbcov †`qv‡K Rv‡qR K‡i w`‡jb| Dcvqš—i bv †`‡L wKQy `vIqvZI Avgvi Keyj Ki‡Z n‡jv| ˆmq` wgqv Kgx© m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡jb| †mLv‡b ivR‰bwZK cwiw ’wZ wb‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Kijvg| mxZvKz‡Êi Rbmfv gx‡iimivB †_‡K Avgiv Av‡ — Av‡ — mxZvKzÊ‡K Avgv‡ì ivR‰bwZK †¶Î M‡o †Zvjvi w`‡K AMÖmi njvg| mxZvKz‡Ê Avgiv GKwU Kgx© evwnbx M‡o Zzjjvg| Zv‡ì D‡`¨v‡M mxZvKzÊ gv ªvmvi KvQvKvwQ GKwU gv‡V Rbmfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡jv| Avwg, gwdRyj Bmjvg Ges kvgmyj nK e³v| Avgv‡ì ’vbxq ¯‹y‡ji GKwU K‡¶ emv‡bv n‡jv| wgwUs ïi“ n‡e 4Uvq| ZLb igRvb gvm| ¯’vbxq †jv‡Kiv †KŠZ~njx n‡q Avgv‡ì †`L‡Q| wfo µgk evo‡Q| G mgq gwdRyj GKwU nVKvix KvR K‡i †dj‡jb| wZwb c‡KU †_‡K wmMv‡iU †ei K‡i nVvr a~gcvb Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| GK_v Qwo‡q covi m‡½ m‡½ ’vbxq †jv‡Kiv Avgv‡ì wN‡i †djj| Avwg Lye Av‡eM AvcøyZ K‡É Zv‡ì Kv‡Q ¶gv PvBjvg| eû K‡ó kvgmyj nK ( ’vbxq Awaevmx, c‡i Aa¨vcK) Zv‡ì kvš— Ki‡jb| h_vmg‡q gv‡V mfv ïi“ n‡jv| Avwg cÖ_g e³v| †KviAvb kix‡di D`viZv-Mfxi wKQy m~iv cvV K‡i Avwg e³„Zv ïi“ Kijvg| mevB Avgvi e³„Zvq gy»| wKš‘ Zviv GKwU kZ© w`‡jb, whwb †ivRvi gv‡m a~gcvb K‡i‡Qb wZwb †hb e³„Zv bv †`b| Avi †Kv‡bvw`b †hb mxZvKz‡Ê bv Av‡mb| Avgiv Zv‡ì `vwe †g‡b wb‡q gwdRyj Bmjvg‡K e³„Zv †`qv †_‡K weiZ Kijvg| 1954 mv‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi wei“‡× wbe©vPbx jovB Kivi Rb¨ dRjyj nK, gIjvbv fvmvbx Ges †mvnivIqv`x©i †bZ…‡Z¡ 21-`dvwfwËK hy³d«›U MVb Kiv nq| D³ wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK —v‡bi cÖ_g Amv¤úª vwqK ivR‰bwZK `j MYZš¿x `j‡K 16wU Avmb eivÏ Kiv nq| `‡ji †K› ªxq cvj©v‡g›Uvwi †evW© PÆMÖv‡gi Rb¨ GKwU Avmb wba©vwiZ K‡i †`b Ges cÖv_x© wbe©vP‡bi `vwqZ¡ PÆMÖvg †Rjv KwgwUi Ici †Q‡o †`b| Avgiv (Avwg ZLb PÆMÖvg †Rjv MYZš¿x `‡ji mvaviY m¤úv`K) gx‡iimivB‡K wbe©vPbx GjvKv wn‡m‡e evQvB Kwi Ges wm×vš— †bB gwdRyj Bmjvg‡K IB †K›`ª †_‡K ùvo Kiv‡ev| wKš‘ wKQy‡ZB gwdRyj Bmjvg m¤§Z n‡jb bv| ej‡jb, Zvi wbR GjvKv Kzwgjøvi eywoPs †_‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡eb| d‡j †Rjv KwgwUi mycvwi‡k †K› ªxq KwgwU gx‡iimivB †_‡K Avgv‡K bwg‡bkb †`qvi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i| Gfv‡e gx‡iimivB‡qi Kgx©iv †Kvgi †eu‡a Avgvi ^c‡¶ cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘ wbe©vPbx cÖPviYvi cÖ_g ch©v‡q Avwg AemicÖvß mve †iwR÷ªvi elx©qvb gvndyRyj n‡Ki

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c‡¶ Avgvi cÖvw_©Zv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bB| †Kb cÖvw_©Zv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡iwQjvg Zv ¯§„wZK_vi Ab¨ Aa¨v‡q wek`fv‡e wjLe| GB wm×v‡š—i d‡j gx‡iimivB‡qi Kgx©iv LyeB ¶zä n‡qwQ‡jb| G e¨vcv‡i Kgx©‡`i m‡½ Avwg eû ˆeV‡K wgwjZ n‡qwQ| gvndzRyj n‡Ki c‡¶ cÖPviYv Pvjvevi mgq Avwg eû Rbmfvq †Kb cÖvw_©Zv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡iwQ Zvi ˆKwdqZ w`‡Z n‡qwQj| Zv‡Z Kgx©iv kvš— nq bv| nK mv‡n‡ei wei“‡× †¯øvMvb I‡V| Avwg Ae‡k‡l ejjvg, Avcbviv hw` Avgvi GB Av‡e`‡b mvov bv †`b Avwg ivRbxwZ †Q‡o †`‡ev| Gfv‡e gvndzRyj n‡Ki c‡¶ eû cwikªg K‡i †fvU Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| hZ`~i g‡b c‡o Zuvi wei“‡× gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖv_x© wQj Avjx AvKei †PŠayix Ii‡d PzÆz wgqv| G mgq gx‡iimivB _vbv MYZš¿x `‡ji †bZv ˆmq`yj nK, Aveyj Kvjvg gv÷vi, gx‡iimivB _vbv QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †bZv KvRx Rvdi“j Bmjvg (eZ©gv‡b PÆMÖv‡g ˆ`wbK AvRv`x‡Z Kg©iZ), QvÎ‡bZv b~i“j Bmjvg (c‡i wewkó mvsevw`K) Ges gwdRyj Bmjvg cÖvq wgwUs‡q Avgvi m‡½ _vK‡Zb| eÜzermj gwdRyj Bmjvg †hfv‡e Avgv‡K K…wZ‡Z¡i Avm‡b ewm‡q‡Qb Zv †Kv‡bvw`b fyj‡Z cvi‡ev bv| Zvi cÖwZfv wQj AvKvkPz¤^x| wKš‘ Rxe‡b wZwb †mB cÖwZfvi ^xK…wZ cvbwb| Zvi AvZ¥v Avb›`gq g½jv‡jv‡K weivR Ki“K|

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15 I 16 †deª“qvwi XvKvi BwÄwbqvwis Bbw÷wUD‡U RvZxq cwil`, cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨ Ges AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwUi m`më„‡›ì GK mfvq †kL gywRe I ˆmq` bRi“j‡K h_vµ‡g RvZxq cwil‡ì msm`xq `‡ji wjWvi I †WcywU wjWvi †NvlYv Kiv nq| 28 †deª“qvwi fy‡Ævi `vwei cªwZ bgbxqfve †cvlY K‡i 1 gvP© †eZvi fvl‡Y Bqvwnqv Lvb 3 gvP© XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡ì Avn~Z Awa‡ekb g~jZwe †NvlYv K‡ib| Gi cÖwZev‡` †MvUv †`k ¯^Ztù~Z© we‡¶v‡f DËvj n‡q I‡V, QvÎ mgvR Ges wewfbœ wkí GjvKv †_‡K kªwgKiv `‡j `‡j XvKv Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡i| †nv‡Uj c~e©vYx‡Z ZLb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi RvZxq cwil‡ì cvj©v‡g›Uvwi cvwU©i mfv PjwQj| me we‡¶vf wgwQj c~e©vYxi w`‡K avweZ nq| AvIqvR †Zv‡j cvwK —v‡bi m‡½ m¤úK© wQbœ Ki, Rv‡Mv Rv‡Mv evOvwj Rv‡Mv, exi evOvwj A ¿ a‡iv evsjv‡`k ¯vaxb K‡iv, evsjvi ^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡iv| we¶zä RbZvi D‡Ï‡k Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi †NvlYvi cÖwZev` K‡i 2 gvP© XvKvq Ges 3 gvP© mviv‡`‡k me©vZ¥K niZvj cvj‡bi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q †kL gywRe e³„Zv K‡ib| 2 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎmfvq WvKmyÕi mn-mfvcwZ Av m g Ave yi ie evsjv‡`‡ki ^vaxbZvi cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| mey‡Ri gvSLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ LwPZ GB cZvKvwU cieZx©Kv‡j gvbwPÎ-iwnZ jvj e„Ë iƒc wb‡q ivóªxq cZvKvq cwiYZ nq| IB HwZnvwmK mfvq Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb ïi“ Kivi Ges e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx ¯vaxbZv msMÖvg ïi“ Kivi wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ ’v‡b mvÜ¨ AvBb Rvwi Kiv nq| 3 gvP© e½eÜzi wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx Avgiv PÆMÖv‡g c~Y© niZvj cvjb Kwi| †mLv‡b AevOvwjiv mvgwiK evwnbxi mnvqZvq wd‡ivR kvn K‡jvwb, Iq¨vi‡jm K‡jvwb, AvgevMvb, cvnvoZjx, nvwjkni Ges cvk¦©eZx© GjvKvmg~‡n e¨vcK nvgjv Pvjvq| AwMœKvÊ I ¸wjel©‡Y cÖvq 5kÕ †jvK nZvnZ nq| IB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z e½eÜz Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| Zv‡Z wZwb e‡jb, †`‡k mKvj 6Uv †_‡K 2Uv ch©š— niZvj Pj‡e| †KvU©-KvPvwi, miKvwi-‡emiKvwi Awdm, KjKviLvbv, †ij, w÷gvi, wegvb I mKj †hvMv‡hvM eë ’v eÜ _vK‡e| mvgwiK evwnbx cÖZ¨vnvi I RbM‡Yi wbKU ¶gZv n —vš—i bv Kiv ch©š— U¨v· I LvRbv cÖ vb eÜ _vK‡e| IB mgq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì c¶ †_‡K ¯vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi †NvlYvcÎ cÖPvi Kiv nq Ges me©cÖ_g iex› ªbv‡_i ÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjvÕ MvbwU MxZ nq| cwiw ’wZ Avq‡Ë ivLvi j‡¶¨ Bqvwnqv Lvb 1 gvP© GK Av‡`k e‡j evsjv‡`‡k wb‡qvwRZ mvgwiK kvmbKZ©v †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij BqvKze Lv‡bi Kv‡Q `vwqZ¡fvi w`‡q c~e© cvwK —v‡bi Mfb©i fvBm G¨vWwgivj Gm Gg Avnmvb‡K cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b P‡j hvIqvi Av‡`k †`b| cieZx©‡Z BqvKze Lv‡bi ’jvwfwl³ nb eû waK…Z †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb| nvB‡Kv‡U©i cÖavb wePvicwZ Rbve wmwÏKx Zv‡K kc_evK¨ cvV Kiv‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb K‡ib| 2 gvP© niZvj cvjbKv‡j Av‡iv eû †jvK nZvnZ nq| †kL mv‡ne 2 gvP© mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii `vwe Rvwb‡q wbgœwjwLZ Kg©m~wP cÖ vb K‡ib| (K) 3 gvP© †_‡K 6 gvP© ch©š— †fvi 6Uv †_‡K 2Uv ch©š— †`ke¨vcx ag©NU| (L) 3 gvP© RvZxq †kvK wèm cvjb| (M) 3 gvP© QvÎ Rbmfv Abyôv‡bi ci we‡Kj 4Uvq cëb gq`vb †_‡K †kL mv‡ne KZ©„K wgwQj cwiPvjbv| wZwb Av‡iv †NvlYv K‡ib †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb Ges msev`c‡Î Avgv‡ì e³e¨ cÖKvk bv Ki‡j evOvwjiv mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z A ^xKvi Ki‡e| me‡k‡l ejv nq, 7 gvP© XvKv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b RvwZi D‡Ï‡k fwel¨r Kg©cš’v †NvlYv Ki‡eb| 7 gvP© e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK fvlY ÒAvR `ytL fvivµvš— gb wb‡q Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi n‡qwQ| Avcbviv mK‡j Rv‡bb Ges †ev‡Sb Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxeb w`qv †Póv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ yt‡Li welq AvR XvKv, PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, iscyi Avgvi fv‡qi i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q| AvR evsjvi gvbyl gyw³ Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl euvP‡Z Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl AwaKvi Pvq| Kx Ab¨vq K‡iwQjvg? wbe©vP‡bi mgq evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Avgv‡K I AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU †`b| Avgv‡ì b¨vkbvj G‡mgweø em‡e, Avgiv †mLv‡b kvmbZš¿ ˆZwi Ki‡ev Ges G †`‡ki BwZnvm‡K Avgiv M‡o Zzj‡ev| G †`‡ki gvbyl A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ I mvs¯‹…wZK gyw³ cv‡e| wKš‘ yt‡Li m‡½ ejwQ, evsjv‡`‡ki Ki“Y BwZnvm, evsjvi gvby‡li i‡³i BwZnvmÑ GB i‡³i gyg~l©y gvby‡li Ki“Y AvZ©bv` G †`‡ki Ki“Y BwZnvm, G †`‡ki gvby‡li i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ Kivi BwZnvm|

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1952 mv‡j Avgiv i³ w`‡qwQ| 1954 mv‡j wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡iI Avgiv Mw`‡Z em‡Z cvwiwb| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Luv gvk©vj jÕ Rvwi K‡i 10 eQi Avgv‡ì †Mvjvg K‡i †i‡L‡Q| 1966 mv‡j 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq Avgv‡ì †Q‡j‡ì ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1969 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b AvBqye Luvi cZ‡bi c‡i Bqvwnqv G‡jb| Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne ej‡jb, †`‡k kvmbZš¿ †`‡eb Ñ Avgiv †g‡b wbjvg| Zvici A‡bK BwZnvm n‡q †Mj, wbe©vPb n‡jv| †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡n‡ei m‡½ †`Lv K‡iwQ| Avwg, ïay evsjvi bq, cvwK —v‡bi †gRwiwU cvwU©i †bZv wn‡m‡e Zv‡K Aby‡iva K‡iwQjvg, 15 †deª“qvwi Zvwi‡L Avgv‡ì RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb †`b| wZwb Avgvi K_v ivL‡jb bv, ivL‡jb fy‡Æv mv‡n‡ei K_v| wZwb ej‡jb, gvP© gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n mfv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg wVK Av‡Q, Avgiv G‡mgweø‡Z em‡ev| Avwg ejjvg, G‡mgweøi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev Ñ GgbwK G ch©š—I ejjvg, hw` †KD b¨vh¨ K_v e‡j, Avgiv msL¨vq †ewk n‡jI GKR‡bi g‡ZI hw` †KD b¨vh¨ K_v e‡j, Avgiv †g‡b †be| fy‡Æv mv‡ne GLv‡b XvKvq G‡mwQ‡jb, Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb| e‡j †M‡jb, Av‡jvPbvi ìRv eÜ bq, Av‡iv Av‡jvPbv n‡e| Zvici Ab¨ †bZvi m‡½ Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kijvg Ñ Avjvc K‡i kvmbZš¿ ˆZwi Ki‡evÑ mevB Avmyb, emyb| Avgiv Avjvc K‡i kvmbZš¿ ˆZwi Ki‡ev| wZwb ej‡jb, cwðg cvwK —v‡bi †g¤^vi hw` Av‡m ZvÕn‡j KmvBLvbv n‡e G‡mgweø| wZwb ej‡jb, †h †h hv‡e Zv‡ì †g‡i †d‡j †Ìqv n‡e, hw` †KD G‡mgweø‡Z Av‡m †c‡kvqvi †_‡K KivPx ch©š— me †Rvi K‡i eÜ Kiv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg, G‡mgweø Pj‡e Avi nVvr gv‡P©i 1 ZvwiL G‡mgweø eÜ K‡i †Ìqv n‡jv| Bqvwnqv Lvb †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e G‡mgweø †W‡KwQ‡jb| Avwg ejjvg, Avwg hv‡ev| fy‡Æv ej‡jb, hv‡eb bv| 35 Rb m`m¨ cwðg cvwK —vb †_‡K GLv‡b G‡jb| Zvici nVvr eÜ K‡i †`qv n‡jv, †`vl †`qv n‡jv evsjvi gvby‡li, †`vl †`qv n‡jv Avgv‡K| †`‡ki gvbyl cÖwZev‡` gyLi n‡q DVj| Avwg ejjvg, Avcbviv kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e niZvj cvjb Ki“b| Avwg ejjvg, Avcbviv KjKviLvbv mewKQy eÜ K‡i †`b| RbMY mvov w`j| Avcb B”Qvq RbMY iv —vq †ewi‡q co‡jv, msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hvevi Rb¨ cÖwZÁve× n‡jv| Avwg ejjvg, Avgvi Rvgv †Kbvi cqmv w`‡q A ¿ †c‡qwQ ewntkÎ“i AvµgY †_‡K †`k‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨, AvR †mB A ¿ Avgvi †`‡ki Mwie ytLx gvby‡li wei“‡× Ñ Zvi ey‡Ki Ici n‡”Q ¸wj| Avgiv cvwK —v‡b msL¨v¸i“ Ñ Avgiv evOvwjiv hLbB ¶gZv hvIqvi †Póv K‡iwQ ZLbB Zviv Avgv‡ì Ici Suvwc‡q c‡o‡Q| Avwg e‡jwQjvg, †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne, Avcwb cvwK —v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U, †`‡L hvb wKfv‡e Avgvi Mwi‡ei Ici, Avgvi evsjvi gvby‡li ey‡Ki Ici ¸wj Kiv n‡q‡Q, Kx K‡i gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avcwb Avmyb, Avcwb †`Lyb| wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg 10 Zvwi‡L ivDÛ †Uwej Kbdv‡iÝ WvK‡ev| Avwg e‡jwQ, wK‡mi G‡mgweø em‡e, Kvi m‡½ K_v ej‡ev? Avcbviv Avgvi gvby‡li ey‡Ki i³ wb‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì m‡½ K_v ej‡ev? cuvP NÈvi †Mvcb êV‡K mg — †`vl Zviv Avgv‡ì Ici, evsjvi gvby‡li Ici w`‡q‡Qb| `vqx Avgiv| 25 Zvwi‡L G‡mgweø †W‡K‡Qb| i‡³i `vM ïKvq bvB| 10 Zvwi‡L e‡jwQ, i‡³ cvov w`‡q, knx‡ì Ici cvov w`‡q G‡mgweø †Lvjv Pj‡e bv| mvgwiK AvBb gvk©vj jÕ DB‡Wªv Ki‡Z n‡e| mg — mvgwiK evwnbxi †jvK‡ì e¨viv‡Ki †fZi XyKv‡Z n‡e| †h fvB‡ì nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Z`š— Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwai Kv‡Q ¶gZv n —vš—i Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvici we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡ev Avgiv G‡mgweø‡Z em‡Z cvi‡ev wK cvi‡ev bv| Gi c~‡e© G‡mgweø‡Z Avgiv em‡Z cvwi bv| Avwg cwi®‹vi A¶‡i e‡j w`‡Z PvB †h, AvR †_‡K GB evsjv‡`‡k †KvU©-KvPvix, Av`vjZ-‡dŠR`vwi, wk¶vcÖwZôvb Awbw ©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ _vK‡e| Mwi‡ei hv‡Z Kó bv nq, hv‡Z Avgvi gvbyl Kó bv K‡i †m Rb¨ †h mg — Ab¨vb¨ wRwbm¸‡jv Av‡Q †m¸‡jv niZvj Kvj †_‡K Pj‡e bv| wiKkv, Mi“i Mvwo, †ij Pj‡e, ïay †m‡µUvwi‡qU, mywcÖg †KvU©, nvB‡KvU©, †mwg-Mfb©‡g›U `dZi, Iqvc`vÑ †Kv‡bvwKQy Pj‡e bv| 28 Zvwi‡L Kg©Pvixiv wM‡q †eZb wb‡q Avm‡eb| Gici hw` †eZb †Ìqv bv nq, Gici hw` GKwU ¸wj P‡j, Gici hw` Avgvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv nqÑ †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Aby‡iva iBj, cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i N‡i `yM© M‡o †Zvj| †Zvgv‡ì hv wKQy Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q kÎ“i †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e, Ges Rxe‡bi Z‡i iv —vNvU, hv hv Av‡Q mewKQy Ñ Avwg hw` ûKzg wèvi bvI cvwi †Zvgiv eÜ K‡i †`‡e| Avgiv fv‡Z gvi‡ev, Avgiv cvwb‡Z gvi‡ev| ˆmbïv, †Zvgiv Avgvi fvB, †Zvgiv e¨viv‡K _v‡Kv, †Zvgv‡ì †Kn wKQy ej‡e bv wKš‘ Avi †Zvgiv ¸wj Kivi †Póv K‡iv bv| mvZ †KvwU gvbyl‡K `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv| Avgiv hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ ZLb †KD Avgv‡ì `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv|

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Avi †h mg — †jvK knx` n‡q‡Q, AvNvZcÖvß n‡q‡Q, Avgiv AvIqvgx jxM †_‡K hÏ~i cvwi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev| hviv cv‡ib AvIqvgx jxM Awd‡m mvgvb¨ UvKv-cqmv †cuŠ‡Q †`‡eb| Avi 7 w`b niZv‡j kªwgK fvB‡qiv †hvM`vb K‡i‡Q, cÖ‡Z¨K wk‡íi gvwjK Zv‡ì †eZb †cuŠ‡Q †`‡eb| miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì ewj, Avwg hv ewj Zv gvb‡Z n‡e| †h ch©š— Avgvi GB †`‡ki gyw³ bv n‡”Q ZZw`b Iqvc`v U¨v· eÜ K‡i †`qv n‡jv Ñ †KD †`‡eb bv| ïbyb, g‡b ivLyb, kÎ“ †cQ‡b Xy‡K‡Q, wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ AvZ¥Kjn m„wó Ki‡e, jyUZivR Ki‡e| GB evsjvq wn› y-gymjgvb hviv Av‡Q Zviv Avgv‡ì fvB, evOvwj, AevOvwjÑ Zv‡ì i¶v Kivi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡ì Ici, Avgv‡ì †hb e`bvg bv nq| g‡b ivL‡eb Kg©Pvixiv, †iwWI hw` Avgv‡ì K_v bv †kv‡b Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv evOvwj †iwWI †÷k‡b hv‡eb bv| hw` †Uwjwfkb Avgv‡ì wbDR bv †`q, Zvn‡j †Uwjwfk‡b hv‡eb bv| 2 NÈv e¨vsK¸‡jv †Lvjv _vK‡e, hv‡Z gvbyl Zv‡ì gvB‡b cÎ wb‡Z cvi‡e| c~e© evsjv †_‡K cwðg cvwK —v‡b GK cqmvI Pvjvb n‡Z cvi‡e bv| †Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMÖvg Avgv‡ì GB c~e© evsjvq Pj‡e Ges evsjv‡`‡ki wbDR evB‡i cvVv‡bv Pj‡e| GB †`‡ki gvbyl‡K LZg Kivi †Póv Pj‡Q Ñ evOvwjiv ey‡S my‡S KvR Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K MÖv‡g, cÖ‡Z¨K gnjøvq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ msMÖvg cÖwZôvb M‡o Zzjyb| Ges Avgv‡ì hv wKQy Av‡Q, ZvB wb‡q cÖ ‘Z _vKzb| hLb i³ w`‡qwQ Av‡iv †`‡ev| GB †`‡ki gvbyl‡K gy³ K‡i Qvo‡ev, BbkvAvjøvn| Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg| Rq evsjv|Ó Gfv‡e `xN©w`b Av‡jvPbvi bv‡g cÖnmb K‡i Bqvwnqv Lvb cvwK —v‡bi †mbv evwnbxi cÖ ‘wZ m¤úbœ K‡ib| 25 gvP© w`b †k‡l b„ksm MYnZ¨vi gva¨‡g XvKv‡K cwiYZ K‡i GKwU biKcyix‡Z| Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Rvb‡Z hLb †`kevmx D`MÖxe, ZLb Bqvwnqv Lvb iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| IB AvµgY‡K ejv nq Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU| IB mg‡q Avwg PÆMÖv‡g| iv‡Z Rvwgj †PŠayixi m‡½ †Uwj‡dvb‡hv‡M K_v e‡j Rvb‡Z cvijvg Bqvwnqv Lvb XvKv Z¨vM Kivi mgq wb‡`©k w`‡q †M‡Q †hb cÖPÊ AvµgY Pvwj‡q XvKv kni‡K gvwU‡Z wgwk‡q †`qv nq| ˆmbïv kn‡ii me e¨vwi‡KW mwi‡q Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i wcjLvbv, ivRvievM cywjk jvBb Ges wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvq AvµgY Pvwj‡q wewWAvi, cywjk Ges wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡ì nZ¨v K‡i| Pvwiw`‡K Av¸b Qvov Avi wKQyB †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| †Uwj‡dv‡b ïb‡Z cvijvg gyn~gy©û i‡KU, †gwkbMvb I Kvgv‡bi AvIqvR| c‡i Rvbjvg †mB Kv‡jv iv‡Z nZ¨v Kiv nq W. †Mvwe›` P› ª †è, cÖ‡dmi Gg gybxi“¾vgvb, RMbœv_ n‡ji cÖ‡fv÷ Rbve †R¨vwZg©q ¸n VvKziZv, wmwbqi †jKPvivi W. dRjyi ingvb Lvb, wmwbqi †jKPvivi Gg G †gvKZvwì, †jKPvivi Aby‡Ø©cvqb fvÆvPvh©, †jKPvivi Gg Avi Lvb Lv‡`g, †jKPvivi kivdZ Avjx, wk¶v I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui wmwbqi †jKPvivi W. †gvnv¤§` mv`Z Avjx I wmwbqi wk¶K †gvt mv‡`K‡K| GQvovI IB Kv‡jvivwÎ‡Z GmGg nj, Rûi“j nK nj I RMbœv_ n‡ji eûmsL¨K AvevwmK QvÎ‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| e¨vwi‡KW iPbvKvix RbZv, †im‡Kvm© gw›ìevmx, wbt¯^ ew¯—evmx †KnB GB nZ¨vh‡Ái nvZ †_‡K †invB cvqwb| e¯‘Z †mB iv‡Z nZ¨vi ZvÊe b„Z¨B P‡j‡Q cvK evwnbx KZ©„K Aei“× XvKv bMix‡Z| †Ljv n‡q‡Q i‡³i †nvwj| msnwZ i¶vi bv‡g Kx A™¢yZ cvkweK b„ksm Kg©KvÊ| cvK evwnbxi nv‡Z †mB iv‡Z AwMœ vn n‡q‡Q RbZvi KÉ, ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, ˆ`wbK msev`, mvßvwnK MYevsjv I Bs‡iwR ˆ`wbK wccjm Awdm| AwMœ vn nq bqvevRvi ew¯—, Kv‡Vi AvoZ| Avgiv Avgv‡ì AvZ¥xq-¯Rb †K, †Kv_vq, †Kgb Av‡QÑ Zv Rvbvi AvMÖ‡n DrKwÉZ n‡q iBjvg| IB iv‡ZB Avwg Avgvi AbyRcÖwZg evejy‡K wb‡q Av›ìwKjøv ’ AvIqvgx jxM Awd‡m Qy‡U †Mjvg| †mLv‡b Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb Rûi Avng` †PŠayix, Gg Avi wmwÏKx, Gg G gvbœvb, Gg G nvbœvb cÖgyL| Zv‡ì XvKvi cwiw ’wZi K_v ejjvg| Zviv e½eÜzi Lei Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| Avwg Rvwb bv e‡j Reve w`jvg| Zvici mevB wg‡j Kg©m~wP ˆZwi Kijvg| (1) jvj`xwNi cv‡o MYRgv‡qZ Kiv Ges mevB‡K Av‡Mœqv ¿ msMÖn K‡i ILv‡b Avmvi AvnŸvb| (2) cvovq cvovq msMÖvg KwgwU MVb K‡i Av‡Mœqv ¿ msMÖn Kivi gva¨‡g †Uªwbs‡qi eë ’v †bqv| (3) e½eÜz Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb gvB‡K Zv cÖPvi Kiv| 26 ZvwiL AvIqvgx Awdm msjMœ mvgx †i÷z‡i‡›Ui †cQ‡bi i“‡g e‡m Avwg, AvZvDi ingvb Kvqmvi, Wv. Rvdi Ges Gg G nvbœvb †iwWI‡Z ^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`qvi wm×vš— MÖnY Kijvg| GB g‡g© ^vaxbZvi †NvlYvi WªvdU ˆZwi Kiv n‡jv Ges GB †NvlYv †`qvi Rb¨ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K Gg G nvbœvb‡K K‡qKRb fjvw›Uqvimn GKwU wR‡c K‡i AvMÖvev` †iwWI †÷k‡b cvVv‡bv n‡jv| wZwb ycy‡ii w`‡K GB †NvlYv cvV

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Kwi‡q ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Ki‡jv| Gfv‡e cwUqv, †`vnvRvwi Ges Ab¨vb¨ K‡qKwU RvqMvq KL‡bv yÕRb KL‡bv wZbRb hvÎx‡K bvwg‡q b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| Ae‡k‡l Avgiv †cuŠQjvg Avwgivev‡`| hLb Avwgivev‡` †cuŠQjvg, ZLb hvÎx‡ì msL¨v uvovq gvÎ 5 R‡b| Avgiv ïb‡Z †cjvg, `w¶YvÂ‡j nvbv`vi evwnbx Acv‡ikb Pvjv‡”Q| ZvB WªvBfvi Avi G¸‡Z PvB‡jv bv| Avwg I Avgvi PvPv‡Zv fvB evm †_‡K †b‡g iv¯—vi av‡i GKwU Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b wM‡q emjvg| Ggb mgq GKRb e„× G‡m Avgv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb Avcwb wK gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix? Avwg Zv‡K cvwK —vwb Pi g‡b K‡i ejjvg, bv, Avwg gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix bB| Avgvi bvg Ave yi iwng| wZwb ej‡jb, Avgvi bvgI GLb Ave yj Kwig| wKš‘ Avwg Wv. my‡L› y `v‡ki evev| wZwb nvDgvD K‡i †Ku‡` D‡V ej‡jb, MZKvj nvbv`vi evwnbx Avgv‡ì GjvKvq Acv‡ikb Pvwj‡q AmsL¨ †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Avgvi cwiev‡i Avwg Qvov †KD †eu‡P †bB| Avcwb `qv K‡i Avgv‡K Avcbvi m‡½ wb‡q Pjyb| Kv‡RB eva¨ n‡q Zv‡K m‡½ wb‡q GKwU †eweU¨vw· fvov K‡i P‡Kvwiqvi Bwjwkqv MÖv‡gi w`‡K iIqvbv njvg| Bwjwkqv †cuŠ‡Q †`Ljvg, iv —vi av‡i †jvKmgv‡ek| mevB cÖvYi¶vi Rb¨ Avjøvû AvKei Ges cvwK —vb wR›`vev` aŸwb w`‡”Q| wn› yiv `‡j `‡j gymjgvb ag© MÖnY Ki‡Qb Ges ’vbxq ivRvKvi‡ì AZ¨vPvi †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ wbqwgZ gmwR‡` wM‡q bvgvR co‡Qb| Bwjwkqv Avgvi AvZ¥xq evwo| Zviv †ckvq Rwg`vi| Avgv‡K g~j evwo‡Z ivLv wbivc` bq g‡b K‡i Zv‡ì GK Lvgvievwo‡Z cvwV‡q w`‡jb, †hLv‡b Ae ’vb wb‡qwQ‡jb ’vbxq gyw³‡hv×viv| Lvgvievwo‡Z wM‡q †`Ljvg †mLv‡b A‡bK cwiwPZ gyw³‡hv×v Ae¯’vb wb‡q‡Q| c~‡Y©›`y `w¯—`vi‡K †`Ljvg gv_vq MvgQv †eu‡a euv‡ki UzKwi ˆZwi Ki‡Qb| wZwb Avgv‡K †`‡L ey‡K Rwo‡q ai‡jb| gvmLv‡bK ci Avgv‡ì Icv‡i wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ K‡qKRb gyw³‡hv×v G‡jv| c~‡Y©› y `w — vi Zv‡ì m‡½ Icv‡i cvwo †`qvi mgq cvnvo AwZµg Ki‡Z wM‡q ga¨c‡_ cÖvY Z¨vM Ki‡jb| AvwgI Icv‡i †Mjvg bv| Ab¨ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì m‡½ IB MÖv‡g Ae ’vb wb‡q Zv‡ì Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡Z jvMjvg| †`k ^vaxb bv nIqv ch©š— Avwg ILv‡bB wQjvg|

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wgR©vcyi fvi‡Zk¦ix †nvgm& Avgvi wKQy cÖvmw½K e³e¨

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wQj| wZwb KjKvZvq Aa¨qbKv‡j wbwLj fviZ gymwjg ÷z‡W›U †dWv‡ik‡bi †m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb| †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡jb ivRv-Ae-gvngy vev`| †mB myev‡` wZwb m¨vi Ave`yi iwng, LvRv bvwRgyÏxb, G †K dRjyj nK, knx` †mvnivIqv`x©, e¸ovi †gvnv¤§` Avjx cÖgyL e¨w³i AZ¨š— Nwbô Rb| G‡ì mycvwi‡k Avgvi gvgv‡K BwÛqvb cywjk mvwf©m K¨vWv‡i bwg‡bkb †`qvi K_vI D‡VwQj| wZwb Avgvi bvbvi wb‡ ©‡k IB †jvfbxq PvKwii cÖ —ve MÖnY K‡ibwb| Gi cwie‡Z© PÆMÖv‡g G‡m (1936) cÖwZôv Ki‡jb †Rjv gymwjg jxM| Zuvi k¦ïi †kL iwdDwÏb Avng` wmwÏKx‡K †cÖwm‡W›U Ges wb‡R †m‡µUvwii `vwqZ¡ wb‡jb| MÖv‡g-M‡Ä Qwo‡q w`‡jb gymwjg jx‡Mi evYx| cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi †m‡µUvwi ZLb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©| digyRyj nK wQ‡jb KjKvZv I‡q‡jmwj †j‡bi cÖv‡`wkK jx‡Mi `dZi †m‡µUvwi| gvgv †mvnivIqv`x©i LyeB wcÖqcvÎ wQ‡jb| gv‡S gv‡S wPwV wj‡L gvgv‡K bvbv wel‡q wb‡ ©k w`‡q Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMv‡Zb| †mvnivIqv`x©i †jLv eû wPwV Avgvi msMÖ‡n wQj| GKPwjøk mvj ch©š— GB Kv‡R LyeB Zrci wQ‡jb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ AvZ¥-cÖwZôvi ZvwM‡` Rywejx IfviwmR e¨vsK Ges BbwmI‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZôv Ki‡Z wM‡q evg©v Ges Avmv‡gI gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖPviKvh© Pvjvb| eëmvi cÖwZ AwaK bRi †`qvi d‡j PÆMÖv‡g Zuvi ivR‰bwZK Kg©ZrciZv wkw_j n‡q Av‡m| PÆMÖv‡gi gymwjg ivRbxwZ‡Z k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq| GB k~b¨Zv c~iY Ki‡Z GK mg‡q PÆMÖv‡g Avwef~©Z nq Avgv‡ì MÖv‡giB GK Zi“Y G †K Gg dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix| Avgvi gvgviB GK QvÎ| KjKvZv QvÎ ivRbxwZi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb| k¨vgv-nK gwš¿mfv we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q RbwcªqZv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix C`-wiBDwbq‡b †hvM w`‡Z G‡m †`L‡jb PÆMÖv‡gi ivR‰bwZK A½b k~b¨| wZwb GB my‡hvM MÖnY Ki‡jb| KjKvZvq †mvnivIqv`x©i m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zv‡K w`‡q Avgvi gvgvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb Kg©cwil` †f‡O w`‡jb| ïay ZvB bq, GK ch©v‡q dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayixi †bZ…Z¡vaxb gymwjg b¨vkbvj MvW© Avgv‡ì Lyikx` gnj wm‡bgv †f‡O Av¸b R¡vwj‡q †`q| cÖm½Z D‡jøL¨, wØZxq wek¦hy× †kl n‡j hy‡×i wewfbœ mvgMÖx UªvK, wRc, Uªv±i cÖf„wZ †jvnv-j°‡oi yÕwU wW‡cv wQj cvnvoZjx Ges nvUnvRvix K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U| Avgvi gvgvi †bZ…‡Z¡ PÆMÖv‡gi QvweŸk Rb gymwjg MY¨gvb¨ eëmvqx cvnvoZjx Ges nvUnvRvixi wW‡cv yÕwU QvweŸk jvL UvKvq wK‡b †bb (1945)| dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix webv g~ja‡b Mv‡qi †Rv‡i GB wW‡cv `yÕwUi A‡a©K gvwjKvbv `vwe K‡ib| GB e¨vcv‡i wZwb Zvi cÖfvevaxb gymwjg b¨vkbvj MvW©‡KI †¶wc‡q †Zv‡jb| GB e‡j †h, GUvi wKQyUv gvwjKvbv Zv‡ìI †`‡eb| GB wb‡q yÕ`‡ji g‡a¨ SMov-weev` ïi“ nq| c‡i Zv `v½vq cwiYZ nq| dRjyj Kv‡ì Ges b¨vkbvj Mv‡W©i †jv‡Kiv `j †eu‡a gvgvi Lyikx` gnj wm‡bgv R¡vwj‡q †`q Ges †÷kb †iv‡W Aew ’Z GB wW‡cvi Av‡iKRb gvwjK Bmjvg Luvi †eKvwiI fvOPzi K‡i| Avgvi gvgvi bZzb cøvBgvD_ MvwowUI R¡vwj‡q †`q| gvgvi Kvdb civ GK KykcyËwjKv Mvwoi mvg‡b †eu‡a †i‡L Avgvi gvgv‡K Akøxj fvlvq †¯øvMvb †`q| ZLb Zvi mg_©K‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Gg G AvwRR, Rûi Avng` †PŠayix Ges †kL †gvRvddi Avng`, QvÎ‡bZv myjZvb Avng` †PŠayix, gIjvbv b~i“j Bmjvg, gIjvbv Avey Zv‡ni, mvBdzÏxb cÖgyL| PÆMÖv‡gi ZrKvjxb wWwm Gd Kwig Ges Gmwc KvRx Av‡bvqvi“j nK GB e¨vcv‡i dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix‡K g`` †hvMv‡Z jvM‡jb| Avgvi gvgv †mvnivIqv`x©i Kv‡Q †Uwj‡dvb K‡i Gi cÖwZweavb Kivi `vwe Rvbv‡jb| Av‡iv Rvbv‡jb, dRjyj Kv‡ì GKRb Puv`vevR, wn› y m¤cÖ v‡qi Ici wbh©vZb Pvjv‡”Q, Zv‡ì m¤úwË `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q| †mvnivIqv`x© Zvi GB Av‡e`‡b †Kv‡bv mvov w`‡jb bv| ïay ej‡jb, Avwg †`L‡ev| d‡j Avgvi gvgv †mvnivIqv`x©i cÖwZ ¶zä n‡q I‡Vb| G e¨vcv‡i Z`š— Kivi Rb¨ †K› ªxq gymwjg jxM KvRx gyn¤§` Cmv‡K PÆMÖvg cvVvb| Z`‡š— dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayix †`vlx mve¨ — n‡jI †Rjv g¨wR‡÷ªU Gd Kwig I Gmwc Av‡bvqvi“j n‡Ki cÖ‡Póvq gvgjvwU †ewk ~i G¸‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB †`k fvM nIqvi cÖvi‡¤¢ hLb bvwRgyÏxb I †mvnivIqv`x©i g‡a¨ PjwQj ¶gZvi Ø›Ø, ZLb Avgvi gvgv ùvov‡jb bvwRgyÏx‡bi †cQ‡b| 1947 mv‡ji K_v| gvgv KjKvZv kn‡i e¨vw›Us w÷ª‡U Awdm ’vcb K‡i Zvi eëmvi m¤cÖmviY NUvb| Pjw”PÎ cÖ‡hvRbv, cwi‡ekbvi Rb¨ MVb K‡ib mvMxi wcKPvm© wjwg‡UW| wbg©vY ïi“ K‡ib K‡c©v‡ikb w÷ª‡U GKwU wm‡bgv nj AÄb| wLwìcy‡i Av‡iKwU wm‡bgv wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Rwg µq K‡ib| ZLb Avgvi eqm wek| GB ¶gZvi Ø‡›Øi mgq Avwg KjKvZvq wQjvg| Avi wc mvnv wQ‡jb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©i GKRb AÜf³| 1943 mv‡j Avi wc mvnv‡K †mvnivIqv`x© Pv‡ji eëmv w`‡q A_© DcvR©‡bi e¨vcv‡i h‡_ó mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| GB K_v Avi wc mvnv Rxe‡b †Kv‡bvw`b †fv‡jbwb| GB ¶gZvi Ø‡›Ø hLb †mvnivIqv`x©i †cQ‡b †Kv‡bv abvX¨ e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv, wQ‡jb Aveyj nvwk‡gi mg_©K gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖMwZkxj Ask, e¸ovi †gvnv¤§` Avjx, Kzwgjøvi Zdv¾j Avjx, LqivZ †nv‡mb, Avjx Avng`,

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†Rj †_‡K gyw³ †c‡qwQm| AvMvgxKvj C`| Avwg GI Rvwb †Zvi nv‡Z †Kv‡bv UvKv-cqmv †bB| Avwg eofvB wn‡m‡e `k nvRvi UvKv cvVvjvg| †diZ w`‡j g‡b Kó cv‡ev| GB wQj e½eÜzi PwiÎ| Av‡iKwU NUbvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i gwkDi ej‡jb, GKw`b cÖavbgš¿x Kvh©vj‡qi D‡Vv‡b cvqPvix Ki‡Qb| Ggb mgq GK gwnjv G‡m †kL mv‡n‡ei nv‡Z GKLvwb wPwV w`‡jb| wZwb c‡o wPwVUv gwkD‡ii nv‡Z w`‡q ej‡jb, meyi fvB, Lyjbvi †bZv, †Zvgvi †bZv, ZzwgI Lyjbvi †jvK| hv hv Ki‡Z nq, Zzwg K‡i wÌ| wPwVwU Lvb-G mey‡ii| wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb Zuvi fvMœx| wZwb wPwV‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jb, †Zvgvi Rb¨ †MŠie Abyfe Kwi| wZwb †R‡ji Af¨š—‡i| Zv‡K wKQy my‡hvM-myweav Ges GKwU cvLvi eë ’v K‡i †`qvi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| e½eÜzi wb‡ ©‡k meB K‡i †`qv nq| Gici Lyjbvi ivwRqv d‡q‡Ri K_v| †Kvjv‡ev‡iUi AvB‡b wZwb ZLb Lyjbv †R‡j Ave× wQ‡jb| wZwb ZLb Aš—tmË¡v| G Lei †R‡b wZwb Zr¶Yvr Zv‡K gyw³i wb‡`©k †`b Ges e‡jb, Zvi wcZv eì“‡ÏvRv ZLbKvi w`‡bi KjKvZvi GKRb bvgRv`v cvj©v‡g›Uvwiqvb| GK mgq KjKvZvi †gqi wQ‡jb| Zuvi KvQ †_‡K Avgiv ivRbxwZi A‡bK cvV wb‡qwQ| ¸Yx e¨w³‡ì cÖwZ Ggwb wQj †kL mv‡n‡ei m¤§vb‡eva| GKevi e½eÜz bv‡Uv‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| m‡½ wQ‡jb gwkDi| bv‡Uv‡i Ave ym mvËvi †PŠayix bv‡g GK cÖfvekvjx e¨w³ kvwš— KwgwU Kivi Aciv‡a †R‡j wQ‡jb| e½eÜz gwkDi‡K wb‡ ©k w`‡jb G‡K †Rj †_‡K †ei K‡i Avgvi Kv‡Q wb‡q G‡mv| c¨v‡iv‡j Zv‡K gy³ K‡i DËiv MYfeb nvD‡R e½eÜzi Kv‡Q wb‡q Avmv n‡jv| wZwb mvivw`b Zvi m‡½ K_v ej‡jb| Kx K_v, Kv‡iv Rvbvi Dcvq wQj bv| ¯’vbxq GmwWI ZvwM` w`j mÜ¨vi Av‡M Zv‡K †R‡j wdwi‡q wb‡Z n‡e| G K_v gwkDi e½eÜz‡K Rvbv‡j wZwb †¶‡c wM‡q e‡jb, †h †jvK cÖavbgš¿xi m‡½ GZ¶Y K_v e‡j Zv‡K wK †R‡j †bqvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q? gwkDi ej‡jb, Avcwb †h AvBb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z Avcbvi eÜz‡K Gfv‡e gyw³ †`qv hvq bv| gyw³ w`‡Z n‡j A‡bK digvwjwU‡mi ga¨w`‡q †h‡Z n‡e| e½eÜz ej‡jb, mvivw`b †h †jvK cÖavbgš¿xi m‡½ KvUv‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K wK †R‡j †diZ cvVvevi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q? †nvg wgwb÷vi gbmyi Avjx wK cÖavbgš¿xi †P‡qI eo? I‡K hw` †R‡j †h‡Z nq, Zvn‡j Avgv‡K-my× †R‡j cvVvI| Gfv‡e eû †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i Ave ym mvËvi‡K gyw³ †`qv nq| †`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci dKv †PŠayix †R‡j wQ‡jb| gyw³hy‡×i mgq Zvi N„Y¨ f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y †`k ^vaxb nIqvi ci gyw³‡hv×viv Zv‡K †g‡i †dj‡e GB AvksKvq Zv‡K †R‡j ivLv n‡qwQj| Zvi †Q‡j ZLb jÛb cÖevmx| †R‡j Zvi evevi g„Zz¨ n‡j mvKv †PŠayix jÛb †_‡K e½eÜz‡K †Uwj‡dvb K‡ib †hb †m Zvi evevi A‡š—¨wówµqvq _vK‡Z cv‡i| e½eÜz gwkDi‡K wb‡ ©k †`b Zv‡K †hb Awej‡¤ PÆMÖvg cvVvevi eë ’v Kiv nq| Zvi wei“‡× eû †Km Av‡Q| Zvi Avmv-hvIqvi e¨vcv‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv cÖgvY ivL‡e bv, hv‡Z †m wec‡` c‡o| GKvË‡ii Av‡iKwU NUbv Avgv‡ì g‡b LyeB †¶v‡fi mÂvi K‡iwQj| 1971 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g dRjyj Kv‡ì †PŠayixi cvnv‡o wQj gyw³‡hv×v Ges Zv‡ì mg_©K‡ì kv‡q¯—v Kivi Rb¨ GKwU UP©vi †P¤vi| IB UP©vi †P¤^v‡ii whwb `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb, wZwb wQ‡jb KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R †kL mv‡n‡ei Nwbô eÜz| †`k ^vaxb n‡j wZwb GB eÜz‡K Av`gRx RyU wgj cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †`b| GiKg GKRb wbh©vZbKvix‡K GZ eo GKwU PvKwi †`qv‡Z Avgiv LyeB ¶zä n‡qwQjvg| G wb‡q Avgv‡ì g‡b eû cÖkœ †R‡MwQj| wKš‘ G cÖ‡kœi †Kv‡bv Reve †mw`b cvBwb| G wb‡q NuvUvNuvwU Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡K G e¨vcv‡i eû KíKvwnbxi Rb¥ w`‡qwQj| e½eÜzi wekvj ü`‡qi cwiPq w`‡Z Gme Mí Zz‡j a‡iwQ| †WwfW d«÷ GK mv¶vrKv‡i e½eÜz‡K cÖkœ K‡iwQ‡jb what are your virtues? wZwb DË‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, I love my country men ......... what are your vices? DËi wQj I love them too much. GB DËiwU wQj Zuvi Rxeb we‡køl‡Yi GKwU KwVb gvb`Ê| D‡jøwLZ e¨w³e‡M©i cÖwZ Zuvi GB AvPi‡Yi †hvM-we‡qv‡Mi d‡j A‡b‡Ki „wó‡Z wZwb we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡ib GKRb `qvkxj, eÜz‡ì cÖwZ AwZ ye©j e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e| Avevi Ab¨ „wó‡Z gnvKv‡ji wePv‡i Zuvi gnvbyfeZvi Gme „óvš— n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Zuvi ü`q e„wËi Amvgvb¨ fv‡jvevmvi cÖwZwjwc| †hb gnvZ¥v MvÜx Ges myfvl emyi PvwiwÎK êwk‡óï †hvM-we‡qvMdj|

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Kvi‡Y AvB.G. covi mgq PÆMÖvg K‡jR Z¨vM| Kvh©vejx 1942 mv‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjv QvÎ Ks‡MÖ‡m †hvM`vb K‡ib| QvÎ Ks‡MÖ‡mi Kg©x wn‡m‡e weªwUk we‡ivax

fviZ-Qv‡ov Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib| 1945 mv‡j QvÎ †dWv‡ik‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| GKB mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g e½xq cÖv‡`wkK QvÎ m‡¤§jb

AbywôZ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡b KjKvZv †_‡K Av‡mb gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, †Mvcvj nvj`vi, fevbx †mb, myKvš— fÆvPvh© cÖgyL| m‡¤§j‡bi Kg©x wn‡m‡e we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| GKB mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg cÖMwZ †jLK I wkíx ms‡Ni mnKvix m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb|

1945 mv‡j Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì Rb¥Rqš—x D`hvcb KwgwUi Ab¨Zg msMVK| 1945 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi bZzbcvovq Aew ’Z K¨v›Ub‡g›U †_‡K yÕRb ˆmwbK wbKU ’ Kvnvicvov MÖv‡g

GKRb gwnjvi k−xjZvnvwb Ki‡j cvovi †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì gviai K‡i| c‡ii w`b †mbvevwnbxi GKwU `j wb‡q Zviv †cUªj w`‡q mg — Kvnvicvov cywo‡q †`q| Gi wei“‡× PÆMÖv‡g Zxeª weªwUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| 1946 mv‡j PÆMÖvg A ¿vMvi jyÉ‡bi exi wec −exiv Kvivgy³ n‡j †R.Gg. †mb n‡j Zuvi gvgv Avng`

mvMxi †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡ †h msea©bv mfv AbywôZ nq, wZwb wQ‡jb Gi D‡`¨vMx Kg©x| G‡ì wb‡q MwVZ nq `v½vwe‡ivax kvwš— KwgwU| mfvcwZ wQ‡jb †Rjv RR ˆkevj ¸ß, m¤úv`K Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix| G `v½vwe‡ivax Kg©ZrciZvq wZwb cÖZ¨¶fv‡e AskMÖnY K‡ib Ges Zuv‡ì wb‡q wewfbœ `yM©Z GjvKv Ny‡i †`‡Lb| 1946 mv‡j Zuvi †jLv cyw —Kv Ôwec −eÕ weªwUk miKvi KZ©„K ev‡Rqvß nq|

1946 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g me©cÖ_g bRi“j Rqš—x D`hvwcZ nq| wZwb wQ‡jb D`hvcb KwgwUi m¤úv`K Ges Aa¨vcK Aveyj dRj mfvcwZ|

1947 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i Ômxgvš—Õ bv‡g GKwU cÖMwZkxj gvwmK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv Zuvi m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ nq (1947-1952)| Ômxgv‡š—Õi `v½vwe‡ivax msL¨v (1950) `yB evsjvi cÖMwZkxj Av‡›`vj‡bi cw_K…Z wn‡m‡e myL¨vwZ jvf K‡i| mxgvš— cuvP eQ‡i †gvU 48wU msL¨v cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| Zvi g‡a¨ 13wU msL¨v Lyu‡R cvIqv †M‡Q| W. BmivBj Lvb I RIkb Aviv ingv‡bi m¤úv`bvq GB 13wU msL¨v Ômxgvš— msMÖnÕ bv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq (2005)|

1948 mv‡j Zuvi m¤úvw`Z Ômxgvš—Õ cwÎKv‡K †K› ª K‡i PÆMÖvg Ôms¯‹„wZ êVKÕ cÖwZwôZ nq| 1948 mv‡j cvwK —v‡bi cÖ_g MYnZ¨v msNwUZ nq PÆMÖvg nvj`v b`xi Kv‡Q gv`vikvi Ô†UKÕ-G| G

Ô†UKÕ KvU‡j IB AÂ‡ji K…lK‡ì cÖf~Z DcKvi mvwaZ n‡Zv| cvwK —vwb gymwjg jxM miKvi †Kv‡bvg‡ZB †mB Ô†UKÕ KvU‡Z †`‡e bv| K…l‡Kiv †Rvi K‡i Ô†UKÕ KvU‡Z †M‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z

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18 Rb K…lK wbnZ nq| Gi cÖwZev‡` wgwQj msMV‡b Zuvi cÖavb f~wgKv wQj| GB Av‡›`vjb‡K wZwb MÖvg ch©v‡q Qwo‡q †`b|

1948 mv‡j Zuvi cÖ‡Póvq Mwniv nvB¯‹z‡ji mvnvh¨v‡_© ¯‹zj gv‡V ÔBÝ‡c±i †Rbv‡ijÕ bvUKwU gÂ ’ nq|

1949 mv‡ji 22 I 23 b‡f¤î KjKvZvi †`keÜz cv‡K© †h wek¦kvwš— m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq, †mB m‡¤§j‡b PÆMÖvg †_‡K gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix Ges knx` mv‡ei †hvM`vb K‡ib| XvKv †_‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` I Ave ym mvjvg| †mLv‡b K_vwkíx gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq e‡jwQ‡jb, kvwš—i msMÖvg I euvPvi msMÖvg GK n‡q †M‡Q| m‡¤§jb †k‡l wgwQj †ei“‡j cywjk wgwQj †_‡K gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixmn 4 Rb‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i ZvjZjv _vbvq wb‡q hvq Ges Avjxcyi †R‡j †cÖiY K‡i| wZbw`b ci Zuv‡ì gyw³ †`qv nq|

cÂvk `k‡Ki cÖ_gw`‡K Zuvi mwµq cÖ‡Póvq MwVZ nq cÖvwš—K bebvU¨ msN| 1950 mv‡j cvwK —v‡bi g~jbxwZ KwgwUi wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ nq| †m wi‡cv‡U© c~e© cvwK —v‡bi

^vqË¡kvm‡bi K_v D‡j−L wQj bv| evsjv ivóªfvlv Kivi ^xK…wZ wQj bv| wZwb wQ‡jb g~jbxwZ wi‡cvU© we‡ivax KwgwUi hyM¥ AvnevqK| Ab¨ hyM¥ m¤úv`K wQ‡jb †ijI‡q Ggc−qxR jx‡Mi gvneyeyj nK| Gi wei“‡× jvj`xwN gv‡V AbywôZ wekvj mfvq gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix e³„Zv K‡ib Ges wgwQ‡ji †bZ…Z¡ †`b|

1950 mv‡j c~e© cvwK —v‡bi me©cÖ_g wek¦kvwš— cwil‡ì kvLv PÆMÖv‡g cÖwZwôZ nq| wZwb D³ cwil‡ì m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Ave`yj nK †`vfvl| GB cwil` AvYweK †evgv wbwl×Ki‡Yi `vwe‡Z mvZ j¶vwaK ^v¶i msMÖn K‡i| Gi ¯xK…wZ îƒc gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix‡K ÷K‡nv‡g wek¦kvwš— m‡¤§j‡b Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nq| 1953 mv‡j cvm‡cvU© wiwbD Ki‡Z w`‡j miKvi Zv ev‡Rqvß K‡i| cvm‡cvU© bv cvIqvq `xN© 19 eQi wZwb †`‡ki evB‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| GKB mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½v cÖwZ‡iv‡ai D‡Ï‡k¨ `v½vwe‡ivax kvwš— cwil` I kvwš— †dŠR bv‡gi † ^”Qv‡meK evwnbx MVb K‡ib| ZviI m¤úv`K wQ‡jb wZwb Ges mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Ave yj nK †`vfvl|

1950 mv‡j fviZxq wek¦kvwš— cwil‡ì †bZv Kg‡iW wPË wek¦v‡mi m‡½ wZwb w`j −x‡Z Kwe cve‡jv †bi“`vi m‡½ †`Lv K‡iwQ‡jb| cve‡jv †bi“`v Zuv‡K Residence on Earth eBwU Dcnvi- îƒc w`‡qwQ‡jb|

1951 mv‡j gvP© gv‡mi 16-19 ZvwiL ch©š— Pviw`be¨vcx nwi‡Lvjvi gv‡V †h mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq wZwb wQ‡jb Zvi Ab¨Zg D‡`¨v³v Ges Af¨_©bv KwgwUi mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K| mfvcwZ Aveyj dRj I hyM¥ AvnevqK kIKZ Imgvb I mqx yj nvmvb (GKvË‡i knx`)|

1951 mv‡j XvKvq AbywôZ hye m‡¤§j‡b wZwb PÆMÖvg †_‡K cuvPRb cÖwZwbwa wb‡q †hvM`vb K‡ib, †hLv‡b c~e©-cvwK¯—vb hyMjxM MwVZ nq|

1952 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg †Rjv ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡ì AvnŸvqK wQ‡jb| 1948 mvj †_‡K 1956 mvj ch©š— fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mwµqfv‡e RwoZ wQ‡jb|

1952 mv‡ji 21 †deª“qvwi XvKvq wbnZ knx`‡ì ¯§i‡Y cÖ_g KweZv ÔKuv`‡Z Avwmwb duvwmi `vex wb‡q G‡mwQÕ iPbv K‡ib| cyw —KvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nIqvi c‡ii w`bB A_©vr 24 †deª“qvwi Zvwi‡L miKvi KweZvwU ev‡Rqvß K‡i Ges Kwei wei“‡× ûwjqv Rvwi K‡i| 1952 mv‡j Kzwgj−vq †h ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq wZwb Zv‡Z cÖvwš—‡Ki wkíx‡ì wb‡q †hvM`vb

K‡ib| GB m‡¤§j‡b wZwb bRi“j m½x‡Zi Avmi D‡Øvab K‡ib Ges mvwnZ¨ Awa‡ek‡b ÔmgvR I mvwnZ¨Õ kxl©K GKwU cÖeÜ cvV K‡ib| 1952 mv‡j 10 A‡±vei RIkb Aviv ingv‡bi mv‡_ Zuvi ïf weevn m¤úbœ nq|

1953 mv‡j cÖ_g Amv¤cÖ vwqK ivR‰bwZK cvwU© MYZš¿x `j MwVZ nq| wZwb wQ‡jb Gi †K› ªxq KwgwUi m`m¨ Ges PÆMÖvg †Rjv KwgwUi m¤úv`K| †Rjv KwgwUi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb wewkó wkícwZ ew`Dm mvjvg|

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1954 mv‡j Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ kZvwaK wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K I cÖwZwbwa XvKvi KvR©b n‡j AbywôZ c~e©-cvwK —vb ÔmvwnZ¨ m‡¤§j‡bÕ †hvM`vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb Ômvwn‡Z¨ mgvR †PZbvÕ kxl©K cÖeÜ cvV K‡ib| 1954 mv‡j hy³d«›U‡K Rqhy³ Kivi Rb¨ PÆMÖv‡g †h Kg©x wkwei MwVZ nq wZwb wQ‡jb Zvi

AvnevqK| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui weR‡qi ci †g gv‡m 92-K aviv Rvwi Kiv n‡j gvneye Dj Avjg

†PŠayix AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b P‡j hvb| 1955 mv‡j AvZ¥‡Mvcb Ae ’v †_‡K wd‡i Av‡mb| 1955 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg kvLv hyejx‡Mi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| 1955 mv‡j Kzwgj −vi wf‡±vwiqv K‡jR cÖv½‡Y Avš—tK‡jR m‡¤§j‡b Zuv‡K cÖavb AwZw_ Kiv nq| 1956 mv‡j PÆMÖvg K‡jR cÖv½‡Y †h Avš—tK‡jR mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq, wZwb wQ‡jb Zvi

Ab¨Zg cÖavb Dc‡`óv| 1956 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg K…wó †K› ª cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| 1956 mv‡j my‡qRLvj msK‡Ui mgq wZwb jvj`xwNi gq`v‡b j¶vwaK †jv‡Ki mgv‡ek K‡ib Ges

wgm‡ii c‡¶ weivU wgwQj †ei K‡ib| 1957 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK †¯‹vqvW wb‡q gIjvbv fvmvbx Avn~Z ÔKvMgvix m‡¤§j‡bÕ

†hvM`vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b cvK-gvwK©b mvgwiK Pzw³i wei“‡× e³„Zv K‡ib| 1958 mv‡j †`‡k AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv `Lj K‡i mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Ki‡j wZwb AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b P‡j

hvb| 1959 Ges 1961 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖv‡g Aa¨vcK Aveyj dRj‡K e„nr AvKv‡ii ywU msea©bvi

Av‡qvRb K‡ib| 1964 mv‡j †`‡k kvmK‡Mvôxi cÖ‡ivPYvq Avevi mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½v ïi“ n‡j wZwb PÆMÖv‡g

`v½vwe‡ivax cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zv‡jb| cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUi m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e yB m¤cÖ v‡qi g‡a¨ m¤cÖxwZ weav‡bi j‡¶¨ MÖvg ch©v‡q kvwš— KwgwU MVb K‡ib|

1965 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwi eywbqv`x MYZ‡š¿i wfwË‡Z cvwK —v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡bi w`b avh© nq| Zv‡Z mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `‡ji (COP) 9-`dvi Kg©m~wPi wfwË‡Z dv‡Zgv wRbœvn&‡K †cÖwm‡W›U c‡` g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| wZwb dv‡Zgv wRbœvn&i c‡¶ PÆMÖv‡g KwgwU MVb K‡i e¨vcK cÖPviYvq bv‡gb|

1965 mv‡ji 6 †m‡Þ¤î cvK-fviZ hy× ïi“ n‡j Avevi cÖMwZkxj Kg©x‡ì Dci wbh©vZb ïi“ nq| wZwb †MÖdZvi Gov‡Z cybivq AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b P‡j hvb|

1965-66 mv‡j KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i g‡a¨ yB jvB‡bi msMÖv‡gi cwiYwZ‡Z cvwU© yfvM n‡q †M‡j wZwb cÖPÊ gvbwmK AvNvZ cvb Ges ivRbxwZ †_‡K wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q †bb| ïaygvÎ mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©Kjv‡c wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb|

1968 mv‡j wZwb ivDRv‡bi Mwniv wWwMÖ K‡j‡Ri cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× ïi“ n‡j wZwb bvbvfv‡e gyw³hy‡× wb‡R‡K RwoZ K‡ib| 1972 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ˆ`wbK Ô ^vaxbZvÕ (1972-82) cwÎKvi m¤úv`KgÛjxi

mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| 1975-Gi wW‡m¤î gv‡m ’vqxfv‡e XvKvq P‡j Av‡mb| beŸB `k‡K cÖvq AvU eQi µvwš— wkíx‡Mvôxi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| †`‡ki wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK Ges

ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib| Avg„Zz wZwb cÖwZwU MYZvwš¿K msMÖvg Ges mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib| PÆMÖv‡g AbywôZ wewfbœ †jvKm½xZ m‡¤§jb, hye Drme cÖf„wZ Kvh©Kjv‡c wZwb we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb

K‡ib| 2006 mv‡ji 8 b‡f¤î RvZxqfv‡e Zuvi 80Zg Rb¥Rqš—x cvjb Kiv nq| GB Dcj‡¶ Ôgvneye Dj

Avjg †PŠayix : GK Awe¯§iYxq KweZvi RbKÕ bv‡gi cÖvq 450 c„ôvi GKwU ¯§viKMÖš’ cÖKvk Kiv nq| 2007 RyjvB gv‡m Zuvi iwPZ KweZv Ave„wËi wmwWi †gvoK D‡b¥vPb K‡i µvwš— wkíx‡Mvôx|

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