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Co-innovation -Organizing science for impact
Walter Rossing, Farming Systems Ecology
Innovación para promover competitividad de la ganadería en campo natural en el siglo XXI, INIA Las Brujas, el 15 marzo 2018
Outline
My learning on co-innovation in Uruguay
Applications in Europe
How to get better?
2
Learning in innovation projects 1997-2017
Characterization & diagnosis of
vegetable farming systems:
Farm sustainability assessment
1997-2002
Discussion of results with stakeholders: motivation and funding for a participatory
research project
2003-2004
Co-innovation of vegetable and mixed farm systems: close
farmer-researcher interaction on 16 pilot farms
2005-2010
Various exploratory studies: potential for improvement within
farm types and scenarios
2010-2015
Discussion of results with stakeholders: training of extension agents, research agenda, policy
briefs
2011-2012
Model based exploratory study: alternative development
strategies
2002-2003
Scaling out:
National research programs on co-innovation in beef production; dairy
farming
Adjustment in extension programs
2012-2017
Co-innovation of family grazing systems in Rocha
No-input intensification | Input-based intensification
Increasing Ecosystem Services
Trade-offs among Ecosystem Services
After Carvalho et al., 2008
PhD’sAndrea RuggiaPablo ModernelIgnacio Paparamborda
Results of co-innovation on vegetable farms in south Uruguay
Farm number
Current situation
Improved system
Current situation
Improved system
Current situation
Improved system
1 2.5 7.9 11.0 5.3 -0.13 0.212 7.2 7.0 11.8 5.0 -0.24 0.183 3.8 10.7 10.4 5.4 -0.12 0.174 0.7 4.2 13.3 4.7 -0.28 0.175 5.0 12.8 15.5 4.1 -0.33 0.136 -0.6 15.9 9.1 3.0 -0.15 0.227 11.7 27.1 13.3 3.0 -0.27 0.28
Family income (103 US$ yr-1)
Average soil erosion per cropped area
(Mg ha-1 yr-1)
Average rate of change of SOM
(Mg ha-1 yr-1)
Dogliotti et al., 2006; Agric. Syst.
Describe
Explain
Results of co-innovation on vegetable farms in south Uruguay
Farm number
Current situation
Improved system
Current situation
Improved system
Current situation
Improved system
1 2.5 7.9 11.0 5.3 -0.13 0.212 7.2 7.0 11.8 5.0 -0.24 0.183 3.8 10.7 10.4 5.4 -0.12 0.174 0.7 4.2 13.3 4.7 -0.28 0.175 5.0 12.8 15.5 4.1 -0.33 0.136 -0.6 15.9 9.1 3.0 -0.15 0.227 11.7 27.1 13.3 3.0 -0.27 0.28
Family income (103 US$ yr-1)
Average soil erosion per cropped area
(Mg ha-1 yr-1)
Average rate of change of SOM
(Mg ha-1 yr-1)
Dogliotti et al., 2006; Agric. Syst.
Describe
ExplainExplore
Design
Results of co-innovation on vegetable farms in south Uruguay
Dogliotti et al., 2006; Agric. Syst.
Describe
ExplainExplore
Design
Co-innovation
Co-innovation
Systemic design Dynamic monitoring
(Complex) systems approach
Rossing et al., 2010;
Dogliotti et al., 2014
Klerkx et al., 2016
Complex systems approach
Change in project management perspective:
● From blueprint to adaptive management
● Based on Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) thinking
A CAS is a collection of individual ‘agents’
● With freedom to act in ways not always predictable
● With actions connected through competition and interaction
Network with high adaptive capacity and self-organization
10
Complex systems approach
11
Ideas shaping project design:
An innovation project consists of agents, artefacts (’things’), strategies together constituting a CAS
Innovation is driven by ‘Learning Selection’ in analogy with natural selection
Innovation is an emergent property: the result cannot be explained by each of the underlying activities separately
Co-innovation: a project as a complex system
12Douthwaite and Gummert, 2010
Consequences for project organization:
Foster variation in agents, artefacts, strategies
Stimulate (unexpected) changes in interaction patterns
Support selection processes to assess fitness of a novelty, and better allow survival and spread
Co-innovation: a project as a complex system
13Douthwaite and Gummert, 2010
Variation:
● Horticulture & social sciences + advisers + farmers in a transparent process;
● Individually designed farm plans
● International exchanges (team Cittadini, team MX)
Concretely, in the UY vegetables co-innovation
14
Changes in interaction patterns:
● New roles for researchers, advisers and farmers
● Monthly reflection meetings as a ‘time-out’ to think about long term goals and advances
Selection processes to assess fitness of a novelty:
● Regular meeting scientist-farmer
● Annual meetings on scientists-farmers on activities and process (MSC-Most Significant Change)
Concretely, in the UY vegetables co-innovation
15
Co-innovation
Co-innovation
Systemic design Dynamic monitoring
(Complex) systems approach
Vegetables projects in Uruguay
Field, crop -> Farm, cropping plan (space), rotation (time)
Vegetables -> vegetables combined with livestock
Chemical pest control -> biocontrol from the landscape
Family beef systems
No paddock management -> mgt in time -> mgt in time and space
Systemic design - Rethinking the system
17
Technological innovation
Inst
itutio
nal i
nnov
atio
n
Source: Tittonell, 2014; Gliessman, 2015, Ch. 22
Next steps in system definition
“New” (cover) crops“New” cultivars“New” crop combinations“New” rotations“New” mechanization
?
.0197/09/2015
‘Legume paradox’ in FranceNumerous reasons linked to each others
To increase legumes in agrosystems, it is necessary to
act simultaneously at these different scales
At the field scale
At the farm scale
At the scale of advisors
At the scale of plant breeding firms
At the scale of collecting firms
At the scale of food and feed industry
At the scale of consumers
MH Jeuffroy / 5th International Symposium for Farming Systems Design, Montpellier, 7-10/09/2015
Magrini et al., 2016
HortEco: sistemas alimentarios hortícolas basado en intensificación ecológica
Sistemas de innovación
Sistema de producción Cadenas de valor
Drivers ambientales
Drivers socio-económicos
Interacciones
Resultado: utilización, acceso, disponibilidad
Co-innovation
Co-innovation
Systemic design Dynamic monitoring
(Complex) systems approach
Dynamic project monitoring
Organizing the change process
PIPA: Senderos de impactoparticipativo
‘Outcome mapping’
DiverIMPACTS will contribute to diversification of market-oriented cropping
25
Structure of DiverIMPACTS project
26
WS1 EndWS2 WS3
explore
Cl M1
Cl M2
plan
Cl M3
Impact, changeCS activities
FM
Annual meetingsshare
AM1 AM2 AM3 AM4
Co-innovation workshop serieslearn
Cluster meetingsreflect
Start
Timeline of the pilots in DiverIMPACTS
What hinders co-innovation?
28
Institutional level
Institutional dimension
Personal Professional identities, roles and routines of researchers involved in the project
Community and organization
Composition of the pilot team
Fixed institutional roles and objectives History of the pilotInstitutions represented within the teamFixed rules in the project
Agricultural innovation system
Fixed rules in the national AISs
Country-specific cultural norms Klerkx et al., 2016;LUP
