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Universidade de Aveiro

Ano 2012

Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento

JOANA SALOMÉ

ROSINHA NEVES

EXPOSIÇÃO A AGROTÓXICOS EM COMUNIDADES

AGRÍCOLAS: PORTUGAL E BRASIL

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Universidade de Aveiro

2012

Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento

JOANA SALOMÉ

ROSINHA NEVES

EXPOSIÇÃO A AGROTÓXICOS EM COMUNIDADES

AGRÍCOLAS: PORTUGAL E BRASIL

Dissertação apresentado à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos

requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do

Ambiente, realizado sob a orientação científica da !Doutora Celeste de Oliveira

Alves Coelho, Professora Catedrática do Departamento de Ambiente e

Ordenamento da Universidade de Aveiro

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o júri

presidente Profª. Doutora Ana Paula Duarte Gomes

Professora Auxiliar do Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento da Universidade de

Aveiro.

Prof. Doutor António José Dinis Ferreira

Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Ciências Exactas e do Ambiente da Escola

Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra.

Prof. Doutora Celeste de Oliveira Alves Coelho

Professora Catedrática do Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento da Universidade

de Aveiro.

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agradecimentos

Gostaria de agradecer :

À Professora Celeste Coelho pela orientação, paciência, sabedoria e motivação.

À Doutora Cristina Ribeiro pela orientação no programa SPSS e atenção

Aos meus familiares, principalmente ao meus pais, que sempre me apoiaram e educaram e sustentaram e à minha tia Filomena Araújo por todo o apoio e revisão dos textos da tese.

Aos meus irmãos Rita Ferreira, David Sã e Rui Truvisco que são muito importantes para mim.

À Sara Machado e Mariana Mota pela confiança, amizade, lazer e pelas noites de estudo.

À Joana Cassidy e Patrícia Geraldes pela grande amizade, pela integração e pelos apontamentos ao longo do curso

Aos meus amigos brasileiros, pela hospitalidade, simpatia e amizade,

À Inês Teixeira Alves, André Serrazina, Catarina Serrazina, Filipe Pais, Luís Almeida, Luís Silva, Rita Gomes, Luís Rodrigues, Ana Heitor, Daniela Baptista, Isabel Pinho, Pedro Henriques, Luís Melo, Pedro Mendes, Andreia Campos, Ana Gonçalves, Telma Sousa, Bruno Sousa, Jorge Lourenço, Vanessa Santos, Vanessa Nunes, Margarete, Marco Silva, Miguel Pinto, Luís Pires, Raquel Barbosa, Maria João Mendes, António Gomes, Maria João Pimental, Pedro Almeida, Teresa Ribeiro, Helena Couto, Rogério Martins, Ana Varela e Catarina Capela pela amizade, apoio, diversão, boas recordações e por tornarem a minha vida mais feliz.

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palavras-chave

Agrotóxicos, agricultores e exposição.

resumo

Esta dissertação tem como objectivo avaliar se os agricultores tomam medidas de segurança na utilização de produtos fitofarmacêuticos em Portugal e no Brasil.

Estes produtos são prejudiciais tanto para os agricultores como para os consumidores, trazendo sérios impactos para o ambiente e saúde.

A dissertação apresenta uma parte teórica em que se aborda a problemática deste tema e a importância de aplicar novas medidas.

E uma segunda parte em que descreve o estudo empírico, com recurso a um inquérito por questionário, sendo realizado em Manaus no Brasil e na freguesia de Galegos concelho de Penafiel, em Portugal, com o objetivo de analisar as práticas na aplicação, o armazenamento e a formação sobre os agrotóxicos. Os agricultores estão informados que os produtos agrotóxicos fazem mal à saúde e ao ambiente. No entanto cometem irregularidades nas práticas de utilização como: a mistura de produtos, a não utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual, a falta de leitura de rótulos, destino final de embalagens incorreto, o mau manuseamento destes produtos, a escolha incorreta dos fertilizantes e o incumprimento da legislação, que faz com que o risco de exposição ocupacional seja maior face a estes produtos.

É de extrema importância a ligação de várias áreas políticas, sociais e ambientais, para que através de uma troca de informação com os saberes tradicionais sejam implementadas novas medidas e uma maior sensibilização e consciencialização, não só dos agricultores como dos consumidores.

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keywords

Agrotoxic, farmers and exposure.

Abstract

The objective of this work was to assess whether the farmers are taking security measures when utilizing phytopharmaceuticals in Portugal and in Brazil.

These products are harmful not only for the farmers but also for the consumers. They may cause severe impacts for the environment and health.

The thesis starts with a theoretical description of the problem and the importance of applying new measures.

The second part describes the empirical study done in Manaus, Brazil and in Galegos, Portugal. The study was based on interviews and had the goal to analyse how they are applied, stored and formed. The farmers are well informed that the agrotoxic products are harmful for both health and environment. However, there are irregularities in the way the products are handled, such as: mixing the products, no use of individual protection equipment, lack of reading the labels, incorrect disposal of the packages, bad handling of the products, incorrect choice of fertilizers and the non-compliance of the legislation. Thus, the risk of occupational exposure to these products is bigger.

It is crucial that there is a interconnection between political, societal and environmental areas so that new measures can be put in practice through an exchange of information with the traditional knowledge. This will lead to a greater awareness and consciousness not only of the farmers but also of the consumers.

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 Substância ativo, ou ingrediente ativo- molécula constituinte dos agrotóxicos, para a sua função,

(EMBRAPA)

2 Produto não encontrado cujo nome comercial não foi entendido bem por parte da autora.

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6*+7:B565-]#! Tese de mestrado em Desenvolvimento Econômico, Departamento de Economia,

Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

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La Rovere, Ana Lúcia Nadalutti; Crespo, Samyra; Velloso, Rui (2002). “Projeto geocidades:

relatório ambiental urbano integrado”. Rio de Janeiro.

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