the ananda bhoomi 2017 a'=; += @%^) · the ananda bhoomi 2017 3 a'=; += @%^)...

$: The Ananda Bhoomi 2017 a'=; += @%^) · The Ananda Bhoomi 2017 3 a'=; += @%^) ljifo–;"lr qm=;+= ljifo n ]vs k [i7 b'Mvof WofRno \ ; v Gof nfo' \y]+ hfn k \mogfM h 'O py y]+ 'v]+$
The Ananda Bhoomi 2017

1

a'=;+= @%^)

jflif{s ¿= !%)÷– Psk|lt ¿= @)÷– jflif{s u|fxs agL ;xof]u u/f}+ .

;Dks{ sfof{no

cfgGb e"ldcfgGbs'6L ljxf/ ;+:yf, kf]=a=g+= #))&, sf7df8f}+ .

kmf]gM $@&!$@) E-mail : [email protected]

[email protected]@anandabhoomi.com

Website: anandakutivihar.com.npwww.anandabhoomi.com

a'4jrgfd[t

@)&# -xf]lnk'lGx÷kmfu' k"l0f{df_ jif{ $$ c+s !!

a'=;+= @%^) g]=;+= !!#&

The Ananda Bhoomi (Year 44, Vol. 11)A Buddhist Monthly : Feb/March 2017

k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/MleIf' d}qL dxf:ylj/ -k|d'v, cf= s'= lj=_

;Nnfxsf/ M leIf' wd{d"lt{ -sfo{jfxs k|d'v, cf=s'=lj=_

Aoj:yfkg tyf ljt/s M leIf' lkob:;L, , , , , cfgGb s'6L ljxf/, $@&!$@)

Joj:yfkg ;xof]uL M leIf' ;/0f+s/

ljt/0f ;xof]uL M ljj]s dxh{g

n]vf Joj:yfkg M ;'/]z dxh{g, :joDe"

cfj/0f l8hfOg÷leqL ;]l6Ë M ljgf]b dxh{g

sDKo"6/ ;Hhf M /fhs'df/ 5'sf, Vjk

;Dkfbg ;xof]uL M leIf' c:;lh, leIf' wDdbQ

;Dkfbs÷k|sfzg ;+of]hsMsf]08Go

a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08k, $@@^&)@

ljt/0ffy{ ;xof]uLx?Ma'4hoGtL ;df/f]x ;ldlt ->L3M_, zld{nf >]i7 -af}4

j[4f>d–ag]kf_, c= OGb|fjtL -wd{sLlt{_, ;l/tf cjfn] -nlntk'/_,;'>L jL0ff s+;fsf/, ;'>L zs'Gtnf k|wfg, >LdtL s]z/L jh|frfo{, -af}4dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn_, ;'j0f{d'lg zfSo / k|]daxfb'/ yfkf -e}/xjf_, leIf'sf]ljb / ljBfb]jL zfSo -a'6jn_, ofd zfSo -j]gL_, 1fgdfnf ;+3–cfgGb ljxf/ -tfg;]g_, anaxfb'/ ufxf -kfNkf_, s[i0fk|;fb zfSo -afUn'·_, ljho u'?· -ndh'·_, z}gL rf}w/L -k'hf/L nfdf_ ;Kt/L,pQddfg a'4frfo{ -kf]v/f_, /Tgaxfb'/ gfDhfnL -;'v]{t_ .

d'b|0fMcfO{l8on lk|lG6· k|];, Ujfsf]{, kmf]gM %%#)%@@

k|sfzsMcfgGbs'6L ljxf/

cfgGb s'6L ljxf/, :joDe", kmf]gM $@&!$@)sf=lh=b=g+= #$÷)#$÷)#%÷d=If]=x'=lg=b=g+= &÷)^!÷^@

wDd+ r/] ;'rl/t+, g g+ b'Rrl/t+ r/] .wDdrf/L ;'v+ ;]lt, cl:d+ nf]s] k/lDx r ..

cyf{t\ M ;'rl/t wd{sf] cfr/0f ug'{, b'/fr/0faf6aRg' . wd{rf/L AolQm of] nf]s / k/nf]s b'a} nf]sdf;'vk"j{s ljxf/ ub{5 .

;'rl/t wd{of cfr/0f ofo]u', b'/fr/0f+ ar] h'Ou',cn] wd{rf/L JolQm y'u' nf]s j k/nf]s lgyf;+ ;'vk"j{sljxf/ ofo]vgL .

Lead a righteous life, lead not a baselife. The righteous live happily both in the worldand next.

– wDdkb, !^(


2

a'=;+= @%^)

;DkfbsLo

g]kfndf zflGt M ;a}sf] rfxgf / sfdgf

a'4–hGde"ld /fi6« g]kfndf Oltxf;d}+ klxnf]k6s;+ljwfg ;efåf/f @)&@ cfZjLg # ut] æ;+3Lo, ;dfj]zL,nf]stfGqfTds g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg–@)&@Æ sf] o'ufGtsf/L3f]if0ff ul/PnuQ} g]kfnL hgtfn] Pstf, ;d[l4, ljsf; /:yfloTjsf] cfwf/e"ld to x'G5 eGg] 7"nf] cfzf af]s]s} xf],t/ clxn];Dd klg To:tf] x'g kfof] eGg] s'g} cfwf/ 5}g .@)cf}+ jif{b]lv yflt /x]sf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] r'gfj cfufdLa}zfv #! ut] ug]{ egL g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff tul/;s]sf] 5, t/ klg oxfF c;xdlt / ljdltsf sf/0fk'gM czflGt 5fpg] xf] ls eGg] qf; JofKt eO/x]sf] 5 .

xfn;fn} ;Kt/Lsf] 36gfn] k'gM dw]; czfGt eO{ljutdf h:t} dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] gfpFdf g]kfnL hgtfn]ef]Ug' k/]sf] ljs/fn ;d:of bf]xf]l/g] kf] xf] ls egL lrGtfJofKt x'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og . ælxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{– sf]xL5}g k/fO{Æ eGg] g]kfnL efjgfdf s'g} 7]; gk'uf];\, s'g}klgg/;+xf/ x'g]u/L g]kfnL hgtf hgtaLrd}+ j}/L;fFWg] k|j[lQJofKt eO{ cfk;L snx em}emu8fsf] aLplahg gxf];\ egLk|To]s g]kfnL gful/sn] cflzsf ul//x]sf 5g\ .

af/ af/ dw]; hln/xg' jf c? s'g} If]q hln/xg'dfs;}nfO{ lxt x'G5 of x'Fb}g< of] uDeL/ ;fj{ef}d k|ZgxfdLaLr t]l;{+b}5 . ;Ldf+sg, k|ltlglwTj, ;dfj]zLs/0fnufoth]hlt c;Gt'i6x?n] p7fg u/]sf /fhgLlts d'2fx?5g\, To;nfO{ j}wflgs dfu{ ckgfO{ k|s[ofut ?kd}+ 6'ËØfpg'ckl/xfo{ x'g;S5, h;/L x'G5 s'g} g s'g} ?kn] lsgf/fnufpg' g} hfoh x'G5, otflt/ ;Da4 lgsfoaf6 cu|;/tfb]vfpg] of gb]vfpg] :jo+df k|ltk|Zgsf] ?kdf t]l;{Psf]5 .

oxfF cfGbf]ng rsf{pg] gfpFdf jf Psn] csf{nfO{dsf{df kfg]{ ablgotk"0f{ Jojxf/sf sf/0f ;du| /fi6« /hgtf g} emg\ dsf{df kg'{ sbflk ;'vb\ ljifo x'g;Sb}g . /fhgLlts ;d:of eofjx–ljs/fn x'Fb} sfsfs"nsf]kl/l:ylt >[hgf eO{ ;Lwf;fwf hgtfsf] b}lgs hLjgsi6s/ x'g', lx+;fTds / lgif]wfTds Jojxf/sf sf/0fljWj+zfTds kl/0ffdnfO{ g} k|;|o lbg]h:tf sfo{nfO{ cljnDa

/f]Sg'k5{ . jf:tjdf cfqmf]zn] dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{;3fpFb}g, a? cjfR5gLo lqmofsnfkn] kl/l:yltnfO{ ykhl6n agfpF5 eg] hfthflt / ;d'bfout b"/L emg\ emg\a9fpFb} nlu/x]sf] x'G5 .

hgtfn] cgk]lR5t em]Ng' k/]sf] ;d:ofsf sf/0fljutdf h:t} pgLx?sf] ;'v–r}g–pdË x/fpFb} hfG5,:jf:Yo / lzIff si6s/ eO{ vfB;fdu|L cefj tyf sfnf]ahf/Ln] k|;|o kfpFb} hfg' eg]sf] g} ;a}sf nflu clezfkl;4 x'g' xf] . ;:tf] e8\lsnf] pQ]hgfk"0f{ /fi6«jfbs}avfgn] dfq hgtfnfO{ /0fe"Nndf kfg'{eGbf /fhg]tfegfpFbfx?n] tTsfn ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu /fi6«sf];fj{ef}ldstf /Iff x'g]u/L plrt dfunfO{ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgug]{ ljifonfO{ s;/L ;Daf]wg ug]{, j}wflgs ?kdf k|s[ofk'¥ofP/ g} s;/L lgsf; lbg ;lsG5< Totflt/ ;dod}+Wofgs]lGb|t ug'{ ;sf/fTds kxnsbdL x'g;S5 . /fi6« /hgtfsf] b"b{zfk|lt a]n}df ;r]ttf ckgfpg ;s] /fi6«;+s6df efl;Fb}g, g]kfn /fi6« / g]kfnL hgtfsf] eljio;'lglZrt x'g;S5 .

cfh g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;xh ?kdf afFRg ufÃf]eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] ;xh?kdf afFRg kfpg' k5{ls kb}{g< eGg] cg'Ql/t ;+j]bgzLn k|Zg t]l;{g' :jfefljsxf] . æafFr / afRg b]pmÆ eGg] a'4sf] ;fj{ef}lds, ;fj{sflnsPj+ ;fj{hgLg pkb]znfO{ ;b}j ;a}n] dgg ug'{ cfjZos5 . s'g}klg ljlwJojxf/ tyf sbd rfNg cufl8 cfk"mn]cfk"mnfO{ pkdfsf] ?kdf t'ngf ug{;s] ;sf/fTds ;f]rPj+ /rgfTds sbdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg] x'G5 .To;}n] ;Da4 /fi6«, k//fi6« ;a}n] cljnDa dfgjflwsf/;'lglZrt x'g]u/L Jojxf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 . dw];L, kxfl8of,lxdfnL of c? o:t} s]xL eg]/ :jb]zleq} jf aflx/af6;d]t l;h{gf ul/g] jf eO/x]sf] jf x'g vf]lh/x]sf]dgf]j}1flgs b"/L cem a9\b}hfg] x'G5, To; b"/L 36fpga]n}df xfdL ;Da4 ;a}n] 3lge"t k|of; yfnf}+, o;}df g]kfn/fi6« / g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxt cGtlg{lxt x'G5 .


3

a'=;+= @%^)

ljifo–;"lrqm=;+= ljifo n]vs k[i7

b'Mvof WofRno\ ;'v Gof nfo\y]+ hfn k\mogfM h'O py]+ y'v]+j}y]+ RjgL, t/ Hjgls r'n'+aL cf;f+ BfsfM Rjlg GXofan]+

yMu' ;'uGw+ ;fo\sfM dfMh'O s:t'l/ rNnf+ ag 5u'ln+xLdL rfofM lt+lt+ Gx";f+ ;Ldv' af:gfofu' x'lg

tgL wsfM yM NxftL Dx'lrgfM t}u' j tfMrf nf]d=sfMtfM vg] t]o\sfM ytn]+ stn]+ dfnf h'O lxSsM b+sf

dg" h'ofM x] Wofgo\ RjFRjF vgL cyfx j ;'v ;u{MyM c1fgo\ lGxn] j} y'nls, ;dflwof zLtn kj{M .

b'Mv WofRno\

nfe/Tg t'nfw/

g]kfnefiff M

!= cx{t\ gGb kl9;s]kl5 =============== sf]08Go $

@= dflg;sf] hLjgdf zLnsf] dxTj c= IfflGtjtL *

#= k"hf / o;sf] dfGotf ;'gogf >]i7 !@

$= () cIf/sf] Oltxf; b]j]Gb| e§/fO{ !̂

%= lrQnfO{ ;kmf ug{ ljkZogfsf] cEof; nf]saxfb'/ zfSo !(

=̂ lbs] db'u' s' 8f= /Lgf t'nfw/ @!

7. Remarkable Qualities of Buddha Buddhi Chaudhary 24

*= af}4 ultljlw @*


4

a'=;+= @%^)

utf°dfo; c°

k9f}+ k9fcf}+, ;dod}+ jflif{s u|fxs agf}+

cfgGb s'6L ljxf/ ;+:yf, kf]=a=g+= #))&, sf7df8f}+, kmf]gM $@&!$@)E-mail : [email protected], [email protected]

[email protected], [email protected]

ægGb÷cx{t\ gGbÆægGb÷cx{t\ gGbÆægGb÷cx{t\ gGbÆægGb÷cx{t\ gGbÆægGb÷cx{t\ gGbÆ kfln Pj+ ;+:s[t af}4;flxTodf pNn]vgLo ;fy} k7gL hLjGt j[tfGt xf]eGbf cltzof]lQm gxf]nf . kfln ;flxTodf b'O{bh{geGbf leGgleGg gGbsf] k|;Ë e]l6G5g\, t/slknj:t 's f / fh f z '4 f ] bg/ fh f z '4 f ] bg/ fh f z '4 f ] bg/ fh f z '4 f ] bg/ fh f z '4 f ] bg / dx f/ fg Ldx f/ fg Ldx f/ fg Ldx f/ fg Ldx f/ fg Ldxfk|hfklt uf}tdLdxfk|hfklt uf}tdLdxfk|hfklt uf}tdLdxfk|hfklt uf}tdLdxfk|hfklt uf}tdL Pj+ /fhs'df/ l;4fy/fhs'df/ l;4fy/fhs'df/ l;4fy/fhs'df/ l;4fy/fhs'df/ l;4fy{sfefO gGbgGbgGbgGbgGbsf] ljifodf af}4 ;flxTodf pNn]v ePsf]hLjg–rl/q–sxfgL cToGt dd{:kzL{, efj's,Åboljbf/s, sxflnnfUbf], cgf}7f} / k[ys cl:tTjaf]s]sf] 36gfqmds} sf/0fn] xf]nf a'4sfnLg Tof]hLjg–syfn] cBfjlw leGgleGg :j?kdf hLjGttfkfO/x]sf] 5 .

ev{/ hlGdPsf] Ps ;Ktfx gx'Fb} cfdfdxfdfofsf] b]xfj;fgkZrft\ /fhs'df/ l;4fy{nfO{cfdfs} ?kdf x'sf{PsL ;fgL cfdf k|hfklt uf}tdL,pgs} ;'k'q gGbs'df/sf] clåtLo JolQmTj Pj+ hLjgrl/q / 36gfqmdn] cToGt k|efljt eP/ O{zfk"j[k|yd ztfAbLsf k|l;4 af}4 bfz{lgs dxfslj cfrfo{cZj3f]ifn] æ;f}Gb/gGbÆæ;f}Gb/gGbÆæ;f}Gb/gGbÆæ;f}Gb/gGbÆæ;f}Gb/gGbÆ dxfsfAo >[hgf u/]sfx'g\ . o;/L g} cZj3f]ifs[t a'4sf] hLjgrl/q Pj+wd{bz{gdf cfwfl/t æa'4–rl/tÆæa'4–rl/tÆæa'4–rl/tÆæa'4–rl/tÆæa'4–rl/tÆ ;+:s[t af}4;flxTodf clt g} k|l;4 dxfsfJo xf] eg] To;s}k"/s u|Gy xf]— æ;f}Gb/gGbÆ dxfsfJo . sfJosf]b [li6df æa'4–rl/tÆ eGbf pTs[i6 dflgPsf ]æ;f}Gb/gGbÆ !* ;u{df /rgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]

dxfsfJodf cfrfo{ cZj3f]ifn] clGtd PsltxfO{cyf{t\ 5j6f ;u{ ;'nlnt jf0fL cyf{t\ ctLj;'Gb/z}nLdf a'4lzIffnfO{ k|;fl/t ul/Psf] 5 .!^cf}+++++++ ;u{cGtu{t rt'/fo{;Tosf] ;'Gb/–;l6s JofVoful/Psf] 5 eg] #* cf}+ Znf]sdf b'Mvd'lQmsf] dfu{dflxF8\g]sf] rl/qlrq0f o;/L ul/Psf] 5— æb'Mvd'lQmsf]pkrf/df nfu]sf JolQmn] w}o{, ;/ntf–ldng;f/tf,nHhf, ck|dfb -;fjwfg÷xf]z_, PsfGtlk|otf,cNk]R5tf, ;Gtf]if, cfzlQmsf] cefj, ;f+;fl/s nf]sk|j[lQdf c?lr / IfdfzLn x'g' cfjZos 5 .ÆljleGg efiffdf cg"lbt ;f] k|l;4 s[lt æ;f}Gb/gGbÆdxfsfJonfO{ g]kfnL efiffdf lj=;+= @)$) d}+ uh/fhjh|frfo{ j}B e"if0fn] cg'jfb u/]sf x'g\ .

cx{t\ gGb kl9;s]kl5 ===============

;+of]ufGtsf ?kdf cyjf gfos gGb /gflosf ;'Gbl/sfaLr ldngsf] 6fs'/fdf k'u]/:vlnt jf 6'lËPsf] eP k|]dsyfTds gf6s eP/o;nfO{ :jR5GbtfjfbL jf /f]dfG;]nL ;'vfGt-/f]dflG6s gf6s_ eGg ;lsGYof] . of] b'MvfGt-6]«h]8L_ eGbf sd uDeL/ / sd pbfQ ePsf]n]o;nfO{ ;fdfGotof ;'vfGt -sd]8L_ gf6ss} ?kdf;d]t dx;"; ug{ ;lsG5 . stfstf efjgfk|wfg;'vfGt -;]lG6d]G6n sd]8L_ gf6sh:t} nfUg] o;gf6snfO{ ;+j]bgfsf] gf6s klg eGg ;lsG5,hxfF ;t\ / c;t\ b'a} k|sf/sf rl/qx?sf] lrq0fljnIf0f ;/ntf;fy ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

sf]08Go

gf6s ;dLIff M


5

a'=;+= @%^)

o;/L g} g]kfn efiffdf lrQw/ Åboåf/f/lrt æ;'ut–;f}/eÆæ;'ut–;f}/eÆæ;'ut–;f}/eÆæ;'ut–;f}/eÆæ;'ut–;f}/eÆ dxfsfJo -g]kfnefiff, g]kfnL/ cFu|]hL_ tyf wd{/Tg odLåf/f /lrt æcx{t\æcx{t\æcx{t\æcx{t\æcx{t\gGbÆgGbÆgGbÆgGbÆgGbÆ v08sfJo -g]=;+= !)&#_ leq gGbsf] hLjg–rl/qnfO{ k|efjzfnL 9+uaf6 ;'Gb/z}qLdf ;d]l6Psf5g\ . gGbsf] hLjg–rl/q ;DaGwdf syf, sljtf,gf6snufot wfld{s, ;flxlTos ljwfdf k[ys k[ysljwfut n]vgL sfo{ sof}+n] u/], u/] xf]nfg\, o;sf]cflws?kdf n]vfhf]vf ug]{ s;n] <

af}4 ;flxTodf oqtq pNn]vePcg'?kgGbsf] hLjg–rl/q ljifos k|rlnt hLjg–syfnfO{xfdL o;/L klg :d/0f ug{;S5f}+ M– æslknj:t's};'Gb/L hgkbsNof0fLhgkbsNof0fLhgkbsNof0fLhgkbsNof0fLhgkbsNof0fL pkm{ ;'Gbl/sfl;t /fhs'df/gGbgGbgGbgGbgGbsf] ljx]sf] tof/L;Fu} ljjfxd08kdf x'g'kg]{rfFhf]kfFhf] eO/x]s} Tof] pTsif{ ;do, a'4Tj1fgnfekl5klxnf] k6s slknj:t'sf] cfudg;Fu} b/jf/dflgdlGqt ef]hgdf ;l/s a'4n] cfk\mgf] leIffkfqgGbsf] xftdf 7DofOlbPkl5sf] 36gfqmdn] gofFdf]8 lnG5 . bfh'k|ltsf] :g]x, k|efZj/ JolQmTjsfsf/0f gGbn] r"F af]Ng] lxDdt ug{ ;Sb}g, æleIffkfqæleIffkfqæleIffkfqæleIffkfqæleIffkfqlkmtf{ lbg"Ælkmtf{ lbg"Ælkmtf{ lbg"Ælkmtf{ lbg"Ælkmtf{ lbg"ÆegL cf1f ug'{x'G5 ls eGg] pTs6cfsf+Iff t lyof], t/ a'4s} kl5kl5 n'?n'? lxF8\b}ljxf/ k|j]z;Fu} cfWoflTds cgGtofqf to eO;s]sf]gGbn] rfn} kfpFb}g . æx] Û gGb rfF8} kmls{g",æx] Û gGb rfF8} kmls{g",æx] Û gGb rfF8} kmls{g",æx] Û gGb rfF8} kmls{g",æx] Û gGb rfF8} kmls{g",rfF8} kmls{g"ÆrfF8} kmls{g"ÆrfF8} kmls{g"ÆrfF8} kmls{g"ÆrfF8} kmls{g"Æ eGg] dgsL /fgL hgkbNof0fLsf]clt dd{:kzL{ cf;Qmo'Qm k|]dk"0f{ jfSon] kfgLljgfsf]df5f 56kl6Psf gGbsf] xfnt xf]dl;sdf kl/0ftx'G5 . gGbsf] dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s Joyfsfhfgsf/ JolQmTj tyfut zf:tfn] æææææd;Fu} lxF8f}+ÆÆÆÆÆegL gGbnfO{ To:tf] ofqfdf nu], hxfF cfuf]n]8l9PsL a"9L afFbgL{ b]vfpFb} hgkb sNof0fL /afFbgL{aLrsf] ?kefj, cfsif{0f / cf;lQmsf] t'ngfubf{ c;Gt'i6 ePsf pg} gGbnfO{ cToGt} ;'Gb/L,/fd | L /fd | L k/Lx?sf ] ldng u/fp Fbf eg ]hgkbsNof0fLnfO{ r6s} la;{g vf;} w]/} ;do g}nfu]g . a'4bf/f lglb{i6 Wofg–;fwgf–ljkZogfsf];xL cEof;kZrft\ /fd|L–clt;'Gb/L–k/L k|flKtsf]

;Defjgf 65{, 9'Fuf vf]Hbf Bf}tf ldNg' eg]e}+m gGbsf]hLjg wGo ;fljt x'G5, lrQdn–lrQljsf/nfO{klxNofpFb}, /fu–å]if–df]x?kL sn'liftefjx? h/}b]lvpv]n]/ cf;|jIfo u/L cx{t\ gGbn] Oxnf}lss hLjgd}+ljd'lQm;'v /;kfg ug{ ;Ifd x'G5 . s'/fsf6\g]x?aLrtyfut zf:tfsf] >Ld'vaf6 ufyf k|:k"m/0f x'G5 M–æoyfuf/ + b'R5Gg+ = = = cefljt+ lrQ+ = = = oyfuf/ +æoyfuf/ + b'R5Gg+ = = = cefljt+ lrQ+ = = = oyfuf/ +æoyfuf/ + b'R5Gg+ = = = cefljt+ lrQ+ = = = oyfuf/ +æoyfuf/ + b'R5Gg+ = = = cefljt+ lrQ+ = = = oyfuf/ +æoyfuf/ + b'R5Gg+ = = = cefljt+ lrQ+ = = = oyfuf/ +;'R5Gg+== = = = ;'efljt+ lrQ+=== = =Æ;'R5Gg+== = = = ;'efljt+ lrQ+=== = =Æ;'R5Gg+== = = = ;'efljt+ lrQ+=== = =Æ;'R5Gg+== = = = ;'efljt+ lrQ+=== = =Æ;'R5Gg+== = = = ;'efljt+ lrQ+=== = =Æ cyf{t\ g/fd|f ]l;t5fPsf] 5fgfaf6 kfgL r'x]e}}+m gafFlwPsf] lrQdf /fur'lxG5, t/ /fd|f ]l;t 5fPsf] 5fgfaf6 kfgLgr'lxg]h:t} cfTdlgolGqt lrQdf /fu r'lxFb}g .Æ

dnfO{nfU5 hxfF;Dd, pk/f]Qm syf;Fukl/lrt hf]s;}nfO{ k|:t't gf6sleqsf] ljifoj:t'/ kfq af/] w]/} t xf]Og, 36gfqmdnfO{ km/sb[li6sf]0faf6 df]l8Psf] yf]/} cfefif x'G5 g}, t/k lg k fqx?aLrsf ] ; + j fbsf ] d f Woda f6cWofTdjfb;lxtsf] g}lts ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ ;IfdePsf] 5, of] gf6s— æcx{t\ g+bÆ . ;+jfbx?dfslxFst} afx]s aflemg] s'/f Go"gQd pNn]v gePsfxf]Ogg\, t/ gGbnfO{ cx{t\ gGb;Dds} dfu{df8f]¥ofOlbP x'GYof] ls eGg] sf}t'xntf kf7s jfbz{sbL3f{df 5fpg;S5 . ;'Gb/LgGbfsL ;vLdfwljsfsf] k|efjzfnL e"ldsf, k|:t'lt, ljrf/–k|jfxPj+ cfrf/z}nL kl9;s]kl5 Psflt/ b]jbQ;Fu k|]dsf]ufF7f] gk/]s} a]z nfUof] eg], csf]{lt/ b'O{ d'6'sf]ldng x'g] ;DefjgfnfO{ h;/L x'G5 k|]djf;gf?kLhfndf kf/L lax] ;DkGg ePsf] eP, zfobdfwljsfh:tL gf/L Åbo;lxtsf] h'8fO{–k|efjn]b]jbQsf] Åbo kl/jt{ g} x'GYof] ls <Û o;/L g}ghflg+bf] kf/fn] b]jbQleq cGtlg{lxt sn'lift O{iof{–abnfefjnfO{ lemNsf] afn]em}+ rl/qlrq0f ;d]tul/Psf] 5, o; gf6sleq .

a'4lzIff cWoogdf ?rLs/ JolQmTjrGb|sfhL zfSonfO{ cWoog bf}/fgdf gGbsf] hLjg–rl/qn] lelq Åbo;Dd, cGt:s0f;Dd g} k|efljtkf/]sf] x'g'k5{, / t pgn] gGbsf] hLjg rl/qnfO{gf6sLo ljwfdf 6]s]/} kf7s;dIf k|:t't ug]{ hdsf]{


6

a'=;+= @%^)

;'gf}nf] sLlt{k'/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=gufp“ bf]af6f], gof“ ahf/, sLlt{k'/

a'4sf] hGde"ld /fi6« g]kfndf ;'v–zflGt k}mln/xf];\ .

;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?df wfld{s r]tgf ljsf; xf];\ .

u/]sf 5g\ . pgs} jfSodf eGg'kbf{, —uf}tdgGb;DaGwdf lg:kIf tyf j:t'lgi7 hfgsf/L lbg'sf;fy} cfWoflTds cf:yf tyf ljZjf;sf] nflu Psn3' k|of; dfq xf], of] k"0ff{+sL gf6s— æcx{t\g+bÆ .

o; gf6sleq ljeflht klxnf] c+scGtu{tklxnf] b[Zo, bf]>f] b[Zo tyf bf]>f] c+scGtu{tklxnf] b[Zo, bf]>f] b[Zo / t]>f] b[Zo u/L ;du|dfkfFrj6f b[Zoleq gGb gf6snfO{ k"0f{tf lbOPsf]5 . gf6ssf s]Gb|ljGb" Pj+ k|d'v kfq gGb,gGb,gGb,gGb,gGb,/fhf z'4f]bg, b]jbQ/fhf z'4f]bg, b]jbQ/fhf z'4f]bg, b]jbQ/fhf z'4f]bg, b]jbQ/fhf z'4f]bg, b]jbQ -dfwljsfsf] lk|otd_ /cfgGbcfgGbcfgGbcfgGbcfgGb u/L $ hgf k'?ifkfq /x]sf 5g\ eg]gGbsf lk|ozL ;'Gbl/sf;'Gbl/sf;'Gbl/sf;'Gbl/sf;'Gbl/sf -hgkbsNof0fL_, dxf/fgLdxf/fgLdxf/fgLdxf/fgLdxf/fgLk |hfjtLk |hfjtLk |hfjtLk |hfjtLk |hfjtL -dxfk |hfklt uf }tdL_, dfwljsfdfwljsfdfwljsfdfwljsfdfwljsf -;'Gbl/sfsf] ;vL_ u/L # hgf dlxnfkfq;lxt;du| gf6sleq hDdfhDdL & hgf kfqx?sf] e"ldsf;+k|]lift ePsf] 5 .

gf6\ozf:qljb\ e/td'lgsf cg';f/ k|l;4Oltj[Q ePsf], /fhlif{sf s'ndf hGd]sf], pbfQrl/qsf] JolQm cyjf lbJo k'?if -b]jtf_ gfosePsf], gfgf lje"lt -wd{, cy{, sfd, df]If?kLP]Zjo{_ ePsf], gfosdf Cl4 -/fHoflb ;d[l4_,ljnf; -wL/ b[li6, cb\e"t ult, ;lDdt jrg cflb_h:tf u'0fx?sf] ;dfj]z /x]sf], c+s k|j]zn] o'Qms[ltnfO{ gf6s elgG5 . o;/L g} s'g} b]z, sfn/ jftfj/0f;Fu ;Da4 g/gf/Lsf] rl/q / sfo{nfO{

kfqx?sf clegosf dfWodåf/f k|blz{t ul/g]p2]Zon] n]lvPsf] ;+jfbfTds ;flxlTos ljwf, b[ZosfJo cyf{t\ /Ëd~rdf clego u/]/ b]vfpg ldNg]u/Ln]lvPsf] syfj:t'nfO{ gf6s egL g]kfnL j[xt\zAbsf]ifdf kl/eflift ul/Pcg'?k 5f]6f], eflifs;/ntf / af]wuDo ?kn] /rgf ul/Psf] o; æcx{t\æcx{t\æcx{t\æcx{t\æcx{t\g+bÆg+bÆg+bÆg+bÆg+bÆ k9\b}hfFbf cndndf k/L cfn:o / lgGb|fnfUg]cj:yf slxF e]l6Fb}g, gbLsf] kfgL ax]h:tf] ;//k9\g;lsg] dfq xf]Og a'e\mg;lsg] u/L syfj:t'k|:t't ul/Psf] kf7sn] dx;"; ug{ ;lsg]5 .

/ fhs 'd f / gGb / ; ' Gb l /sfa Lrk|ltj4tf;lxtsf] k|]d c+s'l/t eO{ k"mn km'Ng] ;'Gb/;kgf;lxtsf ] k | ltI f fsf ] Tof ] 38L , dfqcf}krfl/s?kdf ljjfxsf] kvf{O{ clg tfdemfdk"j{s/fHofleif]ssf] tof/L eO/x]sf] ;+j]bgzLn kIfn]xfdLnfO{ /f]dflG6s d"8df pEofpF5 . k|]dL /k|]ldsfaLrsf] :jR5Gbldng xf]nf xf]nfh:tf] pTsif{dfk'u]sf] Tof] cj:yf, cToGt /f]dflG6s d"8df k'lu/x]s}a]nf cgfof; a'4sf] cfudgn] gofF ;Ggf6f 5fpF5 .gGb w/df/fpF5, bfh'nfO{ 3f]/ ckdfg ePsf] cfefifn]pgnfO{ kZrfQfkn] lk/f]N5, o;s} ;dfwfgsf] vf]hLn]gGbsf] Åbo kl/jt{g;Fu} lglZrGt?kdf k|ltj4eO;s]sf] k|]ddf 6'iff/fkft 5fpF5, cgf;lQm /ljd'lQmsf] dfu{ k|z:t x'G5, bfh's} kydf nlDsPkl5gGb uf}td gGb x'Fb}, gGb cx{t\ gGbsf] ljd'lQmkydf ;l/s x'G5 .


7

a'=;+= @%^)

;+of]ufGtsf ?kdf cyjf gfos gGb /gflosf ;'Gbl/sfaLr ldngsf] 6fs'/fdf k'u]/ :vlntjf 6'lËPsf] eP k|]dsyfTds gf6s eP/ o;nfO{:jR5GbtfjfbL jf /f]dfG;]nL ;'vfGt -/f]dflG6sgf6s_ eGg ;lsGYof] . of] b'MvfGt -6]«h]8L_ eGbfsd uDeL/ / sd pbfQ ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ;fdfGotof;'vfGt -sd]8L_ gf6ss} ?kdf ;d]t dx;"; ug{;lsG5 . stfstf efjgfk|wfg ;'vfGt -;]lG6d]G6nsd]8L_ gf6sh:t} nfUg] o; gf6snfO{ ;+j]bgfsf]gf6s klg eGg ;lsG5, hxfF ;t\ / c;t\ b'a}k|sf/sf rl/qx?sf] lrq0f ljnIf0f ;/ntf;fyul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

k|:t't gf6sn] hf]s;}nfO{ of}6f g}lts lzIffk|jfx ul//x]sf] ;sf/fTds b[li6sf] cf8df o;s[ltnfO{ dWoo'usf] cGTo / k'ghf{u/0fo'usf] cf/DedfklZrdL ;+;f/df k|rlnt ?ksfTds gf6\onfO{ g}ltsgf6\o jf df]/fln6L Kn] eGg ;lsG5 . o;df gfosk"0f{tof pbfQ / pgsf] JolQmTj lj/f6\ b]lvG5 .gfos gGb c?k|lt ;Ddfgk"0f{ efj /fV5 / ;'Jojxf/u5{ eg] csf{sf ;+j]bgfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn klg /xG5,oBlk k|]dnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ c;dy{ x'G5 . To;f]t o; gf6snfO{ b'Mvdo ;'vfGt -6«]lh8L sd]8L_sf] ?kdf ;d]t kl/eflift ug}{ g;lsg] xf]Og,lsgeg] gGb / ;'Gbl/sfaLr :ki6?kdf ljgfzt{nlDs/x]sf] cflTdo ;'Gb/–;kgf af]lsPsf] Tof]jfT;No k|]dsf] b'Mvbfos cGTo t x'G5, t/ klgvf; b'Mvdo ;'vfGtsf] ?kdf eb|rl/q af]s]sfb'a } gfosgflosf 3f ]/ljklQdf kb{ }gg\, en}ltgLx?aLr efjfTds tyf jf;gfTds k|]dsf] åGådf

a6fl/P/ klg gfosl;t lj5f]l8Fbf gflosfnfO{ k|]dsf]e'd/Laf6 oflgsL cgy{x'g] -csNkgLo t/ :jlgld{t_Jojxf/af6 arfpg' kg]{ To:tf] vf;} cfjZotf g}k/]g . o;}u/L, h;/L ld/fsn Kn] kbfjnLn]cFu| ]hL;flxTodf dWoo'udf k|rlnt tL wfld{sgf6sx?nfO{ hgfpFYof], To;df ;Gtx?sf hLjgL,b}jL rdTsf/sf syf tyf wd{u|Gyx?af6 lnOPsfsyfsf] gf6sLs/0f ul/Psf] x'GYof], To;/L g}g]kfnLdf pknAw æa'4–rl/qÆ -lj= ;+= !(*!_ h:tfgf6sn] To;sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 .

cGtdf, s'g}klg s[ltsf] pknlAw / d"Notf]s]/ ;Da4 s'g}klg n]vsnfO{ cfk\mgf] >[li6k|lt;hu t'Nofpg' tyf lg/Gt/ n]vgsf nflu k|f]T;flxtkfg'{ cfk\mgf] bfloTj ;Dem]/ k|:t't s[lt af/] s/La!$)) zAb n]Vg] hdsf]{ dfq u/]sf] x'F, gf6ssf/rGb|sfhL zfSonfO{ >4fo'Qm pBf]u tyf wfld{s>d ug'{ePsf]df Åbob]lv d}qLk"0f{ ;fw'jfb JoQmub{5' . n]vg If]qdf cem cufl8 a9\b} kf7s;fd"cGo s[ltx? lg/Gt/ k|sfzg ub}{hfg yk dfgl;sphf{ k|fKt xf];\ . o; k|sflzt s[ltaf/] ;dLIffTdss]xL zAb n]Vg 3R3Rofpg' x'g], efjgfTds phf{k|bfg ug'{x'g] / ;fy} o; s[ltsf k|sfzs bftfpkf;s zfGt/Tg zfSonufot ;snkl/jf/nfO{ klgcGt:s/0fb]lv— æd}qLk"0f{ leGt'gf Û sNof0fsf] sfdgfÛ ;f]sf] /f]uf] ljg:;t' ÛÆ .. c:t' .. K

a'4ljxf/ e[s'[email protected]

lj=;+= @)&# kmfu'g !

About The Cover :Witnessing tens of thousands Buddhist statues carved into mountains

(Luoyang)The view of the Longmen Buddhist Grottoes was simply breathtaking, especially becauseyou never really know when you’ll reach the most famous sculptural site of the place.The construction of the grottoes began in 493 BCE, and in 2000, the area wasinscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. With around 2345 caves and niches,2800 inscriptions, 43 pagodas, and over 10,000 Buddhist images at the site, it is oneof the most impressive collections of Chinese art from the Northern Wei Dynasty, TangDynasty and other periods.


8

a'=;+= @%^)

zLn eg]sf] ;bfrf/ cyjf lgod xf], h;n]dflg;nfO{ /fd|f] / g/fd|f] eGg] s'/f 5'6\ofpg d2tub{5 . o;n] dflg;nfO{ ;xL dfu{ b]vfpF5 . zLnsf]dfWodaf6 g} dflg;x?n] cfk\mgf] ;xL hLjgsf]sNkgf ug{ ;S5 . zLnkfngf gug]{ dflg; kz';/xx'G5 . lsgsL h] kfof] Tof] sfd ug]{, h:tf] kfof]To:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{, af]nL g/fd|f], c?nfO{ xf]RofP/s'/f ug]{ cflb u/]/ c?nfO{ b'Mv lbg] vfnsfx'G5g\ . To:tf] g/fd|f] Jojxf/sf] sf/0fn] dflg;x?s'?k / b]Vb}df 8/nfUbf] x'g] u/L hGd lnG5g\ .

hf] dflg;n] zLnnfO{ zL/;dfg /Ifful//fV5, p;sf] slxNo} klg cjglt x'Fb}g, hlxn]klg pGglt x'G5 . dflg;n] cfk\mgf] zL/nfO{ v"ahtgsf ;fy /Iff ub{5g\ . df]6/ ;fOsn rnfpg]n]x]nd]6 nufpF5, ;fOsn rnfpg]n] x]nd]6 nufpF5,3/ agfpg] OlGhLgLo/n] x]nd]6 nufpF5 . lsgnufpF5 t eGbf c? c+u h] xf];\ 6fpsf] s]xL x'g'ePg, 6fpsf]df s]xL eof] eg] dfG5] hLljt /xG5of /xGg eGg ;lsGg . To:t} u/L hf] dflg;n]cfk\mgf] lgodnfO{ /fd|f];Fu kfngf ug{ ;Sb}g, Tof]dflg; eGgsf] nflu klg ;'xfpF5 ls ;'xfpFb}geGg ufx|f] kb{5 .

ldlnGb k|Zgdf leIf' gfu;]gnfO{ ldlnGb/fhfn] æs'zn wd{ eg]sf] s] xf]<Æ egL ;f]lwPsf]k|Zgdf gfu;]g eGt]n] o;/L pQ/ lbg'eof]– 1fgLdflg;n] zLn b[9 eP/ cfk\mgf] lrQnfO{ Wofgefjgfåf/f jzdf /fV5, ;+odL / a'l4dfgL leIf'n]of] -t[i0ff?kL_ h6fnfO{ ;kmf kfg{ ;S5 .Æ1

To;sf/0fn] hf] JolQmn] cfk\mgf] hLjgdf zLnnfO{cfwf/ agfP/ lrQnfO{ lgd{n kf/]/ t[i0ff?kL h6fnfO{x6fpF5 p lgjf{0fsf] af6f]df zL3| k'U5 eGg] s'/fleIf' gf;]gn] k|i6 ?kdf atfpg'ePsf] 5 . rfx]

Tof] JolQm k|j|lht xf];\ of ;fwf/0f dfG5], h;n]zLnnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ hLjg lhpF5, p ;xL dfu{dfk|ltli7t x'G5 . ;fwf/0f dflg; olb zLndf a;]sf]v08df p;n] cfkm\gf] hLjg ;Fu;Fu} cfkm\gf] kl/jf// l5d]sLnfO{ klg dfu{k|bz{g ug{ ;S5 . olbk|j|lht JolQmn] zLnnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;fwgfu/]sf] v08df p dfu{kmn k|fKt u/L of] b'Mvsf];+;f/ rqmaf6 g} d'Qm x'g;S5 . To;}n] klg eujfg\a'4n] zLnnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'ePsf] 5 .zLnkfngf gug]{ JolQmn] cfkm\gf]nufot c?sf]xfgL ul//x]sf] x'G5 . h:tf] rf]/n] c?sf] ;fdfg,wg, ;DklQ rf]/]/ c?nfO{ b'Mv lbG5 eg] cfkm"klg k'ln;af6 8/fP/ cfkm\gf] dgnfO{ czfGt /fvLp klg b'Mv g} ef]lu/x]sf] x'G5 . To;sf/0fn] ljgfsf/0f of] ;+;f/df s]xL 36]sf] x'Fb}g . hf] JolQmzLn, ;dflw / k|1fdf k|ltli7t eP/ cfkm\gf] hLjgofkg u5{, p;sf] pGglt rfF8} x'G5 / cfkm\gf]hLjgsf] nIo k|fKt ub{5 . g/fd|f] sfdb]lv 8/fpg',c?sf] b'Mvdf cfkm" klg b'Mlvt x'g', z/L/, jrg/ dgnfO{ g/fd|f] sfd ug{af6 /f]s nufpg' g}o;sf] /; xf] . z/L/af6 x'g] tLg k|sf/sf cs'zn,jrgaf6 x'g] rf/k|sf/sf cs'zn / dgaf6 x'g]tLg k|sf/sf cs'zn oL cs'znaf6 cnu /xg

dflg;sf] hLjgdf zLnsf] dxTj

– cfhef]ln ;dfhdf zLn lgodkfngfgu/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ xTof, lx+;f, rf]/L, 7u,anfTsf/ h:tf 36gfx? lbgx'F ;dfrf/df ;'GgdfcfpF5 .

– zLnsf] k|efjn] ;f/f k|f0fLx?sf] lxt /sNof0f ug{ ;S5 . hf] zLnsf] /Iff ub{5,p;nfO{ klg zLnn] g} /Iff ub{5 .

c= IfflGtjtL, wd{sLlt{ ljxf/


9

a'=;+= @%^)

;s]sf] v08df hLjg ;'vdo / cfglGbt x'g]5 .z/L/af6 x'g] s'znfs'zn M

!= k|f0fLlx+;f ug'{÷gug'{ .@= rf]/L ug'{÷gug'{ .#= Jolerf/ ug'{÷gug'{ .argaf6 x'g] s'znfs'zn M!= em'6f] af]Ng'÷gaf]Ng'@= r'unL af]Ng'÷gaf]Ng'#= s8f jrg af]Ng'÷gaf]Ng'$= a]s/sf] s'/f ug'{÷gug'{ .dgaf6 x'g] s'znfs'zn M!= nf]e ug'{÷gug'{ .@= qmf]w, å]if ug'{÷gug'{ .#= ;Dos\ b[li6 x'g'÷gx'g' .2

hf] JolQm oL s'zn cyjf cs'zn x'g egLljrf/ u/L s'zn sd{nfO{ j[l4 ub}{ n}hfg] /cs'zn sd{nfO{ 36fpFb} n}hfg ;S5, p;sf] hLjg;'vs/ x'G5 . hxfF hGd eP klg s'zn sd{u/]sf] k'0osf] k|efjn] /fd|f] g} kmn kfpF5 eg]cs'zn sd{ u/]sf] k'0osf] k|efjn] g/fd|f] g} kmnkfpF5 . h;nfO{ Oxnf]s / k/nf]s b'a}df b'Mvx'G5 .

dflg;n] cfkm\gf] cfr/0f ;'wf/ ;DkGg 5,kl/jf/sf] ;b:ox?sf] afgL Jojxf/ /fd|f 5 eg];dfhdf kmnfgfsf] kl/jf/ o:tf] /fd|f] ;+:sf/dfx'ls{Psf 5g\, pgLx?sf] Jojxf/ /fd|f] 5 egLs;}n] s'/f u5{ eg] Tof] p;sf] zLnsf] aofgu/]sf] xf] . hf] JolQm cfkm\gf] zLnnfO{ cfkm\gf]z/L/sf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ c+u zL/nfO{ /Iff u/]h:t} p;n] zLnnfO{ /Iff ub{5 . o;nfO{ g s;}n]n'6]/ lng ;S5 g t o;nfO{ s;}n] xfgL k'¥ofpg;S5 . hxfF klg hlxn] klg af:gfbf/ km"nh:tf]eP/ ;+w} k|z+l;t eP/ a:g;S5 . eujfg\ a'4n]zLnnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'sf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] .zLnkfngf ug]{ JolQm x]b}{df lg8/ / cfTdlge{/x'G5 . l;+xh:tf] u/L lg8/ eP/ cfd;efdf pleg;S5 . zLn lbJo / dg'ioTjnfe jf ozsLlt{cflbsf] sf/0fdf geO{, lgjf{0fsf] nflu kfng ug]{

xf] .3 hf] JolQm lgjf{0f x'g rfxG5, p;n] zLnnfO{/fd|f];Fu kfngf ug'{k5{ . ;fgf] ;fgf] lgodnfO{ klg/fd|f];Fu kfngf ug]{, ;a}sf] ;Ddfg / cfb/ ug]{,;a}nfO{ /fd|f] Jojxf/ ug]{, ;Tj k|f0fLx?sf] /Iff ug]{cflb u/L ;a}sf] /Iff u/L cfkm\gf] / c?sf] ;'/Iffdfnflu kb{5g\ .

eujfg\ a'4n] bL3lgsfosf] dxfju{cGtu{tdxfkl/lgAafg ;'Qdf æwd{ / ljgoÆ g} ltdLx?sf]zf:tf x'g]5g\ eg]/ atfpg'ePsf] 5 .4 lsg o:tf]eGg'ePsf] eGbf hf] JolQm /fd|f];Fu lgodkfngfu/L a:b5, st{Jo kfngf u/L a:b5, ToxfF slxNo}klg Ps cfk;df em}emu8f / dgd'6fj x'Fb}g .To;sf/0fn] of] nf]sdf xfdLn] /fd|f];Fu lgoddfa;]sf] v08df cfkm\g} pGglt x'G5 eGg] s'/f k|i6?kdf atfOPsf] 5 . a'4n] /fd|f];Fu lgodkfngfu/]sf] v08df p;n] rfF8} g} nf]srqmaf6 d'Qm x'g]s'/f /fd|f];Fu atfpg'ePsf] 5 . To;sf/0fn] k|j|lhtJolQmx?n] o; lgodnfO{ cyjf zLnnfO{ d]x]gtsf

laZj df]6/ 6]«8;{v–@, $)*, k'tln;8s, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .kmf]g g+=M $@#*!$&, $)#))$$, )!@@(@@#)

E-mail: [email protected]

6f]of]6f, ldT;'lal;, lgzfg, O;'h', ;'h'ls OToflb

kfk sd{ -cs'zn sd{_ slxNo} gug'{k'0o -s'zn sd{_ ub}{ hfg' .cfkm\gf] lrQnfO{ -dg_ z'4 ug'{


10

a'=;+= @%^)

;fy ;'/lIft /fVb5g\ . a'4 :jo+ zLnnfO{ b[9?kdf kfngf ug'{x'G5, zLnsf] k|efjn] ubf{ g}pxfFn] a'4Tj 1fg kfpg ;lhnf] ePsf] lyof] .To;}n] a'4zf;gdf b"tsf] sfd s;}n] ub}{{g, h;n]lgod kfngf ub{5 / c?nfO{ klg l;sfpF5 Tof]lgod g} u'? xf] . g/fd|f] sfd gug'{ /fd|f] ub}{ hfg'eg]/ a'4n] l;sfpg'x'G5 .

cfhef]ln ;dfhdf oxL zLn lgodkfngfgu/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ xTof, lx+;f, rf]/L, 7u, anfTsf/h:tf 36gfx? lbgx'F ;dfrf/df ;'Ggdf cfpF5 .olb d h:tf] p xf], d]/f] d]xgt u/L sdfPsf];DklQ dnfO{ dfof nfU5, To:t} p;sf] ;DklQ klgp;nfO{ Kof/f] 5 eg]/ ;f]r]sf] v08df ;dfhdfrf]//lxt zfGt;dfh aGg;SYof] . cfkm"nfO{ ;fgf]3fp nfUbf pkrf/ ug{ vf]Hg] c?sf] rflxF Hofglng kl5 gkg]{ klg oxL ;dfhdf 5g\ . s;/Lx'G5 c?nfO{ 7uf}+ / cfkm" cfgGb;Fu a;f}+ eGg]r]tgf ePsf dfG5]x? klg oxL ;dfhdf 5g\ .7 "nf7 "nf egfpFbf g]tfb ] lv lnP/ ;fwf/0fsd{rf/L;Ddsfn] ;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ 7U5g\ . a;dfr9\of] ToxL+ 7U5, vfgf vfg uof] xf]6ndf ToxL+7U5, k;ndf nQfsk8f xf];\ of t/sf/L lsGguof] ToxL+ 7U5 . cflv/ slxn];Dd 7Ug] < 7Ug]x?n]cyjf c?nfO{ b'Mv lbg]x?n] ef]ln klg d ToxLcj:yfdf cfpg ;S5 egL ;f]r]sf] v08df sf]xLklg sf]xL;Fu 8/fpg' kb}{g, n'l6g' kb}{g, 9fFl6g'kb}{g . cflv/ h] u5f}{+ xfdL cfkm\g} nflu u5f}{+eg]/ ;f]r]df Pp6f 3/, 6f]n, l5d]sL, ufpF, gu/ /zx/ ;a} :jtGq x'g] lyof] . ;a}sf] dg xn'Ëf] x'g]lyof] . olt ;fwf/0f zLnkfngf gu/]sf] sf/0fn]ubf{ b]zsf hgtf tF sf] d sf] eGg yfn]sf 5g\ .Psn] csf{nfO{ dfg{ / n'6\g 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . ;dfhdfljleGg k|sf/sf ljs[ltx? df}nfpFb} uPsf] 5 .;/sf/n] lgod agfP klg ul/ax?sf] nflu dfqTof] lgod nfu" ePsf] 5 . wgLju{x?n] k};f 3';v'jfP/ lgod tf]8\g ;S5g\ . 3'; v'jfof] clgdfG5] 5f]8fof], rfx] Tof] dfG5]n] n'6]sf] xf];\ ofdf/]sf] xf];\ dtna 5}g, cfkm\gf] vNtLdf k};f cfP

kl5 Tof] h];'s} xf];\ eGg] rfxgf ePsf dfG5]x?n];/sf/ rnfpF5, h;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;a} d]x]gtvfN6f]leq / 7u, km6fxfx?sf] hoho ePsf] 5 .Pp6f kl/jf/sf] bfh'efO ldn]/ a:g ;Sb}gg\ .lsg ;Sb}gg\ eGbf nf]esf] sf/0fn] cfkm\gf] afcfdfsf];DklQdf nf]e u¥of], p;nfO{ w]/} lbof]] dnfO{ yf]/}lbof] eg]/ emu8f ub{5g\ . Ps csf{;Fu af]Nb}gg\ .of] ;a} lgod /fd|f];Fu kfngf gu/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{o:tf] ePsf] eg]/ k|i6 ?kdf eGg ;lsG5 .cfkm"eGbf 7"nfsf] cfb/, uf}/j ug'{, ;fgfnfO{ dfofug'{, ;a};Fu ;dfh / dL7f] af]nL af]n]/ Jojxf/ ug'{,o:tf] u/]sf] v08df 3/df klg zflGt 5fpF5 .l5d]sdf klg pbfx/0f aGg ;lsG5 . elgG5 lgc?nfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{ 5 eg] cfkm}af6 ;'?jftug'{k5{ . t/ b]z kl/jt{g ug{sf nflu ;/sf/ g}kl/jt{g / ;Rrf ljrf/ ePsf] x'g'k5{ . ;/sf/eg]sf] 3/sf] d"n JolQm h:tf] xf] / hgtf / b]zeg]sf] 3/ / afnaRrfx? xf}+ . afnaRrfx?n] 7"nf]n]h] l;sfof] ToxL l;S5, To;}n] ;/sf/n] lgodagfP/ Tof] lgod s8fOsf ;fy kfngf u¥of] eg]b]zsf] pGglt x'G5, cjglt xf]Og .

eujfg\ a'4n] bL3lgsfosf] dxfkl/lgAafg;'Qdf ;ft ckl/xfgLo wd{x? atfpg'ePsf] 5 .h'g /fHon] oL wd{x?nfO{ kfngf ub{5, /fhfsf]cyjf b]zsf] kl/xfgL x'Fb}g eg]/ v'n:t ?kdfatfpg'ePsf] 5 . ;Kt ckl/xfgLo wd{x? eujfg\a'4n] chftzq'n] jHhLx? dfly af/Daf/ xdnfu/]tf klg c;kmn ePkl5 j:;sf/ a|fXd0fnfO{eujfg\;fd" sf/0f yfxf kfpg k7fpFbf jHhLx?nfO{lhTg ;lhnf] 5}g, ha;Dd jHhLx? ;ft ckl/xfgLowd{kfngf u5{g\, ta;Dd lhTg g;Sg] s'/f eGg'ePsf]lyof] . jHhLx?n] oL ;ft ckl/xfgLo wd{x?kfngf uy{] M

!_ lgTo Pslqt x'g]5g\, ax'nt/ x'g]5g\ .@_ d]nldnfk;lxt jHhLx? e]nf x'G5g\,

p7\5g\, sfdsfh ub{5g\ .#_ jHhLx?n] k|1fkg gu/]sfnfO{ k|1fkg


11

a'=;+= @%^)

ub}{gg\, k|1fkg u/]sfnfO{ ;d'R5]bg ub}{gg\,k'/fgfx?n] k|1fkg u/]sf jHhLx?nfO{ dof{bf /fvLkfng u5{g\ .

$_ jof]j[4x?sf] ;Tsf/ ug]{5g\, uf}/jug]{5g\, k"hf ug]{5g\, pgLx?sf s'/f ;'Gg'k5{ eGg]7fGg]5g\ .

%_ s"n :qLx? / s"n s'df/Lx?nfO{jHhLx?n] ha;Dd ha/h:tL x/]/ cfkm\gf] 3/df/fVb}gg\, ta;Dd kl/xfgL x'Fb}g .

^_ leq / aflx/sf r}To :yfgx?df uf}/j,dfg u5{g\, k"hf u5{g\, klxnf lbO/x]sf klxn]ul//x]sf wfld{s sfo{ nf]k ub}{gg\ .

&_ jHhLx? c/xGtx?k|lt wfld{s ?kn]cf/Iff, cfj/0f tyf uf]Kotfsf] lgldQ ;+ljwfgug]{5g\ . tfls eljiodf c/xGtx? klg /fHodfcfpmg\ / cfPsf c/xGtx? /fHodf ;'vk"j{s ljxf/ug{ ;s"g\ . ta;Dd jHhLx?sf] j[l4 ;Demg'kb{5,kl/xfgL xf]Og .5

To;}n] b]z alnof] agfpg' 5 eg] b]zdf/xg] hgtfx? Ps csf{sf] e/f];f eP/ /xg;Sg'kb{5 eGg] s'/f k|i6 x'G5 . Pp6f kl/jf/dfklg Tof] kl/jf/sf 7"nf] JolQmn] ;fgf]nfO{ l;sfpg'kg]{s'/f l;sfPg eg] cyjf of] ubf{ unt xf], o:tf]g/fd|f] ug{ x'Gg egL /fd|f] s'/f l;sfPsf] v08dfk/Dk/fut ?kdf cufl8 a9\b} hfG5 . p;n] g/fd|f]sfd ug{ k'u] klg cxf] Û o:tf] sfd ug{ k'u]+ h'gd}n] ug{ x'Gg egL p;n] uNtL ;'wf5{ . To:t} x/]s

If]qdf lgodnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy kfng u/]sf] v08dfcfkm\gf] / c?sf] ;a}sf] enf] x'G5 . h;n]zLnlgodnfO{ /fd|f];Fu kfng u5{ . p;n] lgDgk|sf/sf kmn -cflgz+;_ kfpF5 M

!= wg;DklQ nfe x'G5 .@= ozsLlt{ km}lnG5 .#= cfTdljZjf; a9\5 .$= a]xf]zLdf d[To' x'Fb}g .%= ;'ult k|fKt x'G5 .6

To;}n] eujfg\ a'4n] ljgonfO{ cufl8;fg'{ePsf] xf] . zLnsf] k|efjn] ;f/f k|f0fLx?sf]lxt / sNof0f ug{ ;S5 . hf] zLnsf] /Iff ub{5,p;nfO{ klg zLnn] g} /Iff ub{5 . K

ejt' ;Aa d+un+ .Footnotes : 1. cg'= leIf' zf]eg, ldlnGb k|Zg, jL/k"0f{ k':ts

;+u|xfno, ufaxfn, nlntk'/, lj=;+= @)^!, k[= @^2. cg'= jh|frfo{ b'08axfb'/, dlHemdlgsfo, jL/k"0f{ k':ts ;+u|xfno, ufaxfn, nlntk'/, lj=;+=

@)%$, k[= #%3. leIf', s'df/ sfZok,bzkf/ldtf, ;'vL xf]t' g]kfn,

a'4ljxf/, e[s'6Ld08k, sf7df8f}+, O{=;+= @))$, k[= %$4. cg'= jh|frfo{ b'08axfb'/, bL3lgsfo, jL/k"0f{ k':ts

;+u|xfno, ufaxfn, nlntk'/, lj=;+= @)%^, k[= @&( 5. cg'= jh|frfo{ b'08axfb'/, bL3lgsfo, jL/k"0f{

k':ts ;+u|xfno, ufaxfn, nlntk'/, lj=;+= @)%^, k[= @@(6. jh|frfo{ k|sfz, af}4 bk{0f, wd{sLlt{ af}4 cWoog

uf]i7L, sf7df8f}+, lj=;+= @)^&, k[= $^

/fhwfgL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=afuahf/, sf7df8f}+ #!, kmf]g M )!–$@!(@%@

a'4sf] hGde"ld /fi6« g]kfndf ;'v–zflGt k}mln/xf];\ .

;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?df wfld{s r]tgf ljsf; xf];\ .


12

a'=;+= @%^)

kl/roMk"hf eGgfn] >4f, cf:yf /fvL ul/g]

sfo{nfO{ a'lemG5 . k|foM dflg;n] cfkm\gf] 3/sf]k"hf sf]7fdf k|lt:yflkt ul//fv]sf] a'4k|ltdf jfljleGg b]jLb]jtfsf] d"lt{df 9f]u, jGbgf, k"hfkf7af6lbgsf] ;'?jft u5{g\ . Toltdfq geO glhssf]dlGb/df ljxfg—ljxfg bz{g u/L k"hf yfnLdfcIftf, w"k, aQL, kmnkm"n /fvL k"hf r9fpghfG5g\ . k"hf ug]{ sf/0f Ps t of] k/Dk/fut?kdf rNb} cfPsf] egL lgoldt ?kdf ug]{ ul/G5/ csf]{ eo czflGt lj£gafwf lbgbzf lalu|P rfF8}lgjf/0f xf ]; \ eg]/ ul/G5 t sf ]xL sf ]xLcfTd;Gt'li6sf nflu klg k"hf ug]{ x'G5g\ . ljleGg8/, nf]e, OR5fsf sf/0f klg dflg;x? b]jLb]jtfsf]dlGb/df k"hf ug]{ u5{g\ .wDdkbdf elgPsf] 5 M—

ax' + j] ;/0f+ olGt—kAatflg jgflg r .ax' + j] ;/0f+ olGt—kAatflg jgflg r .ax' + j] ;/0f+ olGt—kAatflg jgflg r .ax' + j] ;/0f+ olGt—kAatflg jgflg r .ax' + j] ;/0f+ olGt—kAatflg jgflg r .cf/fd?Svr]Toflg—dg':;f eotlHhtf .cf/fd?Svr]Toflg—dg':;f eotlHhtf .cf/fd?Svr]Toflg—dg':;f eotlHhtf .cf/fd?Svr]Toflg—dg':;f eotlHhtf .cf/fd?Svr]Toflg—dg':;f eotlHhtf .cyf{t\ dg'iox? 8/sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ -8/af6

d'Qm x'g_ jg, kj{t, pBfg, r}To, j[If / tLy{x?sf]z/0f lng k'Ub5g\ .1

k"hf PSn} klg ul/G5 eg] ;kl/jf/ cfkmGtlgdGq0ff u/L ef]h v'jfP/ klg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .k"hf ljleGg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M h:t} b}lgsk"hf,lgoldtk"hf, s'nk"hf, efsnk"hf, lbjfnLk"hf,rf8kj{k"hf cflb .

b}lgsk"hf— b}lgsk"hf— b}lgsk"hf— b}lgsk"hf— b}lgsk"hf— 3/df, cfFugdf, dlGb/dflbglbg} ul/g] k"hf . k"hf yfnLdf cla/, w"k,alQ, km"n, cIftf /fvL ;fwf/0f tl/sfn] k"hful/G5 .

lgoldtk"hf— lgoldtk"hf— lgoldtk"hf— lgoldtk"hf— lgoldtk"hf— ltlyldlt cg';f/ h:t}cf}+;L, k"l0f{df, PsfbzL, ci6dL, ;+qmflGtsf] lbgljz]if :yfgdf ul/g] lgoldtk"hf . ljxf/df uP/

a'4k"hf ug]{, d+unjf/ u0f]zsf] k"hf ug]{, laxLaf/aËnfd"vLsf] k"hf ug{ hfg] cflb . of] k"hfdfb}lgs ul/g] k"hfeGbf ljz]if k|sf/sf vfBflbkl/sf/x? /fv]sf x'G5g\ .

s 'nk "h f— s 'nk "h f— s 'nk "h f— s 'nk "h f— s 'nk "h f— cf –c fk m \ g f s 'nsf ]b]jLb]jtfx?nfO{ ul/g] k"hf . of] k"hf jif{sf] Psjf b'O{ k6s ul/G5 / kl/jf/ ldn]/ ;fd"lxs k"hful/G5 . o;df ef]hsf kl/sf/ /fv]/ tyf sf]lxsf]lxn]aln lbP/ klg k"hf ul/g] rng 5 .

efsnk"hf— efsnk"hf— efsnk"hf— efsnk"hf— efsnk"hf— cfkm\gf] OR5f kl/k"lt{sf] nflujf s'g} efsn /fvL b]j:yfgdf ul/g] k"hf . o;dfklg ef]hsf kl/sf/ /fVg] rng 5 .

lbjfnLk"hf— lbjfnLk"hf— lbjfnLk"hf— lbjfnLk"hf— lbjfnLk"hf— s'nk"hf h:t} lbjfnL k"hfdfcfkm\gf] kl/jf/, k'Vof}{nL gftfkg]{x? Ps 7fFpdfhDdf eO{ ul/g] k"hf . lbjfnLk"hfsf] ljz]iftfeg]sf] kfl/jfl/s d]nldnfk xf] . o;df klg ljz]ifef]hsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] x'G5 .

k"hf / o;sf] dfGotf

– k"hfkf7 eg]sf] cfhsfn /dfOnf] ug{,cfkm\gf] lbgbzf ;'wfg{, b]vfj6Lsf] nflu eO/x]sf]b]lvG5 . km]l/ gofF lk+9Lx?n] k"hfkf7sf] ;xL dxTjghfGgfn] To;k|lt ljZjf; w]/} sd x'Fb} uO/x]sf]kfOG5 .

– a'4wd{df k"hfkf7 u/] tfklg j/bfgkfpg] eGg] ;f]rfO{ /x]sf] b]lv+b}g .

– a'4k"hf ubf{ klg a'4k|ltdf;fd" vfB,hn, kmnkm"n cflb ck{0f ubf{ s] a'4n] ;fFRr}:jLsf/ ug'{x'G5 t eGg] k|Zg ug]{x? 5g\ . – k"hf ug]{ eg]sf] g} cfkm"eGbf cf/b0fLoAolQmTjx?nfO{ :d/0f u/L cfb/;Tsf/ ug'{ xf] .

;'gogf >]i7, wd{sLlt{ a;'Gw/f ljxf/


13

a'=;+= @%^)

rf8kj{k"hf— rf8kj{k"hf— rf8kj{k"hf— rf8kj{k"hf— rf8kj{k"hf— s'g} b]jLb]jtf, JolQmsf] ljz]ifu'0fnfO{ ;Dem]/, rf8af8nfO{ ;Dem]/ To;nfO{ cfwf/dfgL ul/g] k"hf . h:t} a'4k|lt cf:yf /fVg]x?a'4sf] u'0ffg':d/0f u/L j}zfv k"l0f{dfsf lbg k"hfug]{ u5{g\ . bz+}df ;gftg wdf{jnDaLx? gjb'uf{sf]/ af}4x? ;d|f6 czf]ssf] u'0fnfO{ :d/0f u/L bz+}dgfpg] u5{g\ .

a'4k"hfa'4k|ltdfcufl8 b'O{ xft hf]8L k~rfË÷ci6fË

jGbgf u/L hn, vfBj:t', kmnkm"n cflb r9fP/w"k aQL afnL …gdf]t:; eujtf] c/xtf] ;Ddf;Da'4:;ÚegL k~rzLn÷ci6zLn u|x0f u/L, lq/Tg—jGbgfkf7 / cGtdf k'0ofg'df]bg u/L af}4x? a'4k"hfu5{g\ . af}4 ;flxTodf k"hf b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M

!_ cfld;k"hf— rLhj:t'åf/f ul/g] k"hf@_ kl6klQk"hf— ;xL cfr/0fåf/f ug]{ k"hf,

h;nfO{ wd{k"hf klg elgG5 .nf]sJojxf/df rlncfO/x]sf] k"hf cfld;k"hf

xf] . a'4k|ltdfcufl8 hn, vfB, kmnkm"n, w"kcflb r9fpg] cfld;k"hfcGtu{t kb{5 . k|j|lhtx?sf]

cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx? h:t} rLj/j:q, cf}ifwL,ef]hg tyf jf;:yfg bfg ug'{ klg cfld;k"hfcGtu{tg} kb{5 .

nf]s'Q/ 1fg k|flKtsf nflu ul/g] ;xLcfr/0fnfO{ kl6klQ k"hf elgG5 . eujfg\ a'4n]klg dxfkl/lgjf{0f x'g] clGtd z}o\ofdf cfgGbnfO{eGg'ePsf] lyof]— æcfgGb, tyfutnfO{ km"n,jfBjfbgn] k"hf u/] klg tyfutnfO{ ;xL k"hfu/]sf] xF'b}g . nf]s'Q/wd{ ( j6f nfesf] sf/0fpQd wd{nfO{ cfr/0f ug]{ k"hf g} ;jf]{Qd k"hfxf] .Æ

wd{k"hfnfO{ dfGotf Ma'4sf cg'ofoLx?n] a'4k"hf u/]cg'?k Sn]z

gfz eP/ hfcf];\, lgjf{0f k|fKt ug{ ;sf];\, ;a}k|f0fLx?sf] ;'v xf];\ eGg] sfdgf ug]{ u5{g\ .a'4k"hf;Fu} ljleGg a'4jrg, kl/qf0fkf7 ubf{cfkm";lxt ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx?sf] lxt;'vsf] sfdgfug]{ u5{g\ . a'4k"hf ug{ ljleGg sfo{qmd cfof]hgfu/L ljz]if lbg h:t}— k"l0f{df, cf}+;L, ci6dL cflb/f]h]/ u5{g\ . pkf;s—pkfl;sfx?n] eGt]—u'?df+


14

a'=;+= @%^)

tyf wd{ldqx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df lgdGq0ff u/]/a'4k"hf;lxt kl/qf0f, dxfkl/qf0f kf7 u5{g\,u/fpF5g\ . To;a]nf pkf;s—pkfl;sfx?n]zLnk|fy{gf u/L ;dflw / k|1fsf] cEof; ub{5g\ .h:sf] sf/0fn] a'4wd{ k|rf/k|;f/df w]/} ;xof]uk'lu/x]sf] b]lvG5 . a'4n] cfld;k"hfeGbf klgwd{k"hfnfO{ dxTj lbg'ePsf] kfOG5 . t/ ;f+;fl/sk[yshgx? ef}lts cfld;k"hfdf g} cfslif{t eO/x]sfb]lvG5g\ . wd{k"hfnfO{ dxTj lbFb} wDdkbsf];x:;jUudf elgPsf] 5 M

of] r j:;;t+ hGt'—clUu+ kl/r/] jg] .of] r j:;;t+ hGt'—clUu+ kl/r/] jg] .of] r j:;;t+ hGt'—clUu+ kl/r/] jg] .of] r j:;;t+ hGt'—clUu+ kl/r/] jg] .of] r j:;;t+ hGt'—clUu+ kl/r/] jg] .Ps~r efljtQfg+—d'x"Qdlk k"ho] .Ps~r efljtQfg+—d'x"Qdlk k"ho] .Ps~r efljtQfg+—d'x"Qdlk k"ho] .Ps~r efljtQfg+—d'x"Qdlk k"ho] .Ps~r efljtQfg+—d'x"Qdlk k"ho] .;fo]j k"hgf ;]o\of]—o~r] j:;;t+ x't+ ..;fo]j k"hgf ;]o\of]—o~r] j:;;t+ x't+ ..;fo]j k"hgf ;]o\of]—o~r] j:;;t+ x't+ ..;fo]j k"hgf ;]o\of]—o~r] j:;;t+ x't+ ..;fo]j k"hgf ;]o\of]—o~r] j:;;t+ x't+ ..

cyf{tM ;o jif{;Dd hËndf a;L o1ug'{eGbf If0fe/ eP tfklg OlGb|o ;+odL JolQmnfO{k"hf;Tsf/ ug'{ a];, lsgeg] ;o jif{ o1 u/]sf]eGbfIf0fe/ u/]sf] k"hf g} >]i7 xf] .2

;+j]u pTkGg ug{ $ ;+j]hgLo :ynsf] bz{g of]UoePsf] s'/f a'4n] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . h'g tyfutsf]hGd:yn n'lDagL, a'4Tj 1fgnfe ug'{ePsf] 7fpFa'4uof, k|yd wd{rqmk|jt{g ug'{ePsf] :yn ;f/gfy/ a'4n] cg'kflbz]if lgjf{0f k|fKt ug'{ePsf] 7fpFs'zLgu/ x'g\ .

To:t} a'4n] r}Tok"hf ug]{ ;DaGwdf $k|sf/sf k'b\unx?sf] r}To agfpg of]Uo eGg'ePsf]5 M

!_ tyfut cx{t\ ;Dos\ ;Da'4sf]@_ k|To]s a'4x?sf]#_ cx{t\x?sf] /$_ rqmjtL{ dxf/fhfx?sf] .3

k"hgLo JolQmx?a'4k"hf ug'{ eg]sf] a'4sf] ( j6f u'0f,

wd{sf] ^ j6f u'0f / ;+3sf] ( j6f u'0f:d/0f ug'{xf] . a'4Tj k|fKt u/]kl5 tk:;' / eNn's b'O{Jofkf/Lsf] cg'/f]wdf a'4n] cfkm\gf] * j6f s]zlbg'ePsf] lyof] . >Ln+sfdf a'4sf] bGtwft' dlGb/;fy} l;/Lkfb eg]/ a'4sf] k}tfnfsf 5fk /x]sf]dflgG5 . a'4wdf{jnDaL To; 7fpFdf cuf9

lgi7fsf;fy bz{g ug{ hfG5g\ . o;/L af}4 tLy{:ynhfFbf ;sf/fTds t/+u cg'ej x'g], lq/Tgk|lt emgcf:yf a9\g] / wd{;+j]u pTkGg x'g] x'G5 eGg]hgljZjf; b]lvG5 . cfgGb eGt]n] a'4sf] kfly{jz/L/nfO{ s] ug]{ eGg] lh1f;fsf] k|To'Q/df æcfgGboyf{ytM d"Nojfg s'/fdf ck|dfbL xf]pm . pBf]uL /cfTd;+odL eO hLjg ofkg u/ . cfgGb Û IfqLokl08tx?, a|fXd0f kl08tx?, u[xklt kl08tx?hf] tyfutk|lt cToGt k|zGg 5g\, pgLx?n] g}tyfutsf] k"hf u5{g .Æ4

dflg;x?n] ;bf cf:yf / ljZjf; /fvLk"hf u5{g\ . k"hf ug{ of]Uo JolQmx? dWo] a'4,wd{, ;+3, cfdf, a'af / u'?x? cu| k+lQmdf /xg]s'/f a'4n] l;sfpg'ePsf] 5 . rSsjlQ;'Qdf cfdf—a'af ;]jf ug]{x?, cfkmGtsf h]i7x?sf] k"hf;Tsf/uf}/j ug]{x?nfO{ cfo', j0f{, ;'v, an, k|1f oLkfFrj6f a[l4 x'g] s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 . d+un;'Qdfklg …k"hf r k"hg]o\ofg+ Pt+ d+un+d'Qd+Ú cyf{t\ k"hfug{ of]Uox?sf] k"hf ug'{ d+un xf] eGg] pNn]v5 .k"hf / gof+ lk+9L

nf]sdf k"hfkf7 ug'{, wd{ dfGg'sf] d'Vop2]Zo eg]s} cfkm\gf] nf}lss OR5f kl/k"lt{ ug'{sf]nflu xf] eGg] dfGotf b]lvG5 . k/Dk/fb]lvrNb}cfPsf] k"hfkf7, sd{sf08 gubf{ cz'e x'g] xf]ls eGg] 8/ qf;n] ljleGg k"hfsf] z/0f lnguO/x]sf b]lvG5g\ . ;fy} o:tf sd{sf08 k"hfkf7gubf{ lkt[x? l/;fO{ clgi6 x'g] xf] ls eGg] 8/n]cy}{ ga'emL afpafh]n] ub}{cfPsf] rng egL cfFvflrDn]/ clxn] klg ;f]lx sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] kfOG5 .k"hf eGb} cGwljZjf;df k/]/ cg]sf}+ o1 xf]d ug]{,aln lbg] k|yf clxn];Dd klg b]Vg kfOG5 .a'4sflng ;dodf a'4;lxt hl6n tk:jL /fhu[xhfg'ePsf] a]nf ToxfFsf dflg;x?sf aLrdf sf]—s:sf] u'? xf] eGg] ;+zo pTkGg ePsf] lyof] . taa'4n] p?j]n sfZoknfO{ lsg cUgLxf]q sfo{ 5f]8]sf]eGg] k|Zgsf] k|To'Q/df pgn] æo1 xf]d cflbaf6?kflb k~rsfd ;DklQ k|fKt x'g], t/ hGdd/0f


15

a'=;+= @%^)

aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g] lgjf{0fkb k|fKt gx'g] yfxfkfO{o1 xf]d 5f]8]sf]Æ5 egL hjfkm lbPsf lyP .

wd{sf] ;xL ?kdf cy{ ghfGgfn] / sfdsfh,k9fOsf] Jo:ttfsf] sf/0fn] xf]nf k"hf, sd{sf08klg 5f]6\ofpFb} cfO/x]sf] kfOG5 . k"hfkf7 eg]sf]cfhsfn /dfOnf] ug{, cfkm\gf] lbgbzf ;'wfg{,b]vfj6Lsf] nflu eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . km]l/ gofFlk+9Lx?n] k"hfkf7sf] ;xL dxTj ghfGgfn] To;k|ltljZjf; w]/} sd x'Fb} uO/x]sf] kfOG5 . h;sf]gsf/fTds :j?k k"hf eg]s} gofF sfd kfpg],Promotion x'g], afwf c8\rg x6]/ hfg], eljiodfcem /fd|f] xf]; egL j/bfg kfpg] h:tf cg]sf}+cfzox? ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 .

a'4wd{df k"hfkf7 u/] tfklg j/bfg kfpg]eGg] ;f]rfO{ /x]sf] b]lv+b}g . cfkm\gf] gflt /fx'nklg a'4zf;gdf k|j|lht ePkl5 ;f/} b'Mlvt eO{a'4;fd" cfdfa'afsf] cg'dltljgf s;}nfO{ klg k|j|lhtgug]{ j/ dfU5' eGbf :jo+ a'4n] g} /fhf z'4f]bgnfO{ætyfutsf] hLjg j/bfg/lxt 5, of] tkfO{+sf];sf/fTds ;'emfj xf]Æ egL :jLs[t ug'{ePsf] lyof] .t/ o;df j/bfg lbPsf] eGg] kfOFb}g . clxn] klgk"hf eGb} j/sf] ?vdf kfgL r9fpg], kxf8, gbLcflb 7fpFx?df k"hf ug]{ k|rng /lxcfPsf] b]lvG5 .a'4k"hf ubf{ klg a'4k|ltdf;fd" vfB, hn, kmnkm"ncflb ck{0f ubf{ s] a'4n] ;fFRr} :jLsf/ ug'{x'G5 teGg] k|Zg ug]{x? 5g\ . dxfkl/lgjf{0f e};s]sf]JolQmn] k"hf :jLsf/ ug{'x'G5< eGg] k|Zg /fhfldlnGbn] gfu;]g eGt]nfO{ ;f]Wbf gfu;]g eGt]n]æa'4n] g :jLsf/ ug'{ x'G5 g c:jLsf/ ug'{x'G5,hf] s;}n] klg a'4sf] z/L/ e:d?lk /Tgsf] k"hfub}{ jxfFn] atfpg'ePsf] 1fg/Tgsf] cg's"n cfr/0fu5{, p;n] tLg}j6f ;DklQx?nfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ .ÆegL atfpg'eof] .6

lgisif{Mdflg;x? cfkm";lxt ;a} ;Tjk|f0fLx?sf]

;'vLlb3f{o'sf] sfdgf ub}{ k"hf ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .k"hf ug]{ eg]sf] g} cfkm"eGbf cf/b0fLo AolQmTjx?nfO{:d/0f u/L cfb/;Tsf/ ug'{ xf] . h;sf] sf/0f

s'g}klg sfd ug{ cfTdljZjf; a9\5 eGg] ul/G5 .lq/Tgk|lt k"hf ubf{ >4f / k|;Ggefjn] wd{lrQ,wd{;+j]u j[l4 u/L ug'{ /fd|f] dflgG5 . a'4d"lt{nfO{k"hf u/L lgjf{0f k|fKt x'g] xf]Og, k|l6klQk"hf u/La'4sf] lzIff kfngf ug'{k5{ eGg] egfO{ kfOG5 .a'4sf] pkb]zdf …;Aa kfk:; cs/0f+======Ú cyf{t\ ;a}kfk sd{ gug'{, s'zn k'0o;~ro ug'{ / cfkm\gf]lrQnfO{ z'4 kfg'{nfO{ g} ;4d{ elgPsf] 5 .;4d{o'Qm cfr/0f u/] dfq a'4nfO{ ;xL k"hf u/]sf]7flgG5 .

sxL+ a'4n] Pp6f km"n dfq bfg ug{'nfO{klg ;fx|} k|z+;f ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] dxfkl/lgjf{0fsf]clGtd ;dodf km"nsf] jiff{ x'Fbf ;d]t tfl/kmug'{ePsf] b]lv+b}g, lsgeg] rLhj:t' cflb bfgaf6k"hf u/] klg o; sfo{n] zf;g lr/sfn;Dd :yL//fVg ;fdYo{ gePsf] / z'4cfr/0f u/L dfu{kmnnfeL eP dfq zf;g lr/sfn :yfoL x'g] pNn]vug'{ePsf] 5 . To;}n] klg a'4zf;g lr/:yfoLx'gsf] nflu k|of;/t /xg a'4n] wd{k"hfnfO{ a9fjflbg'ePsf] kfOG5 . K

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L Mcg'= jh|frfo{, b'08axfb'/, -@)%^_ bL3lgsfo,

jL/k"0f{ k':ts ;+u|xfnocg'= leIf' zf]eg, -@)^!_ ldlnGb k|Zg, jL/k"0f{

k':ts ;+u|xfnocg'= leIf' cd[tfgGb, -@)$^_ wDdkb, cfgGbs'6L

ljxf/ u'7LleIf' cd[tfgGb -@)^*_ a'4 hLjgL, cfgGbs'6L

ljxf/ ;+:yfFootnotes :

1. leIf' cd[tfgGb, wDdkb, a'4jUu, k[= !**2. leIf' cd[tfgGb, wDdkb, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ u'7L,;x:;jUu, !)&3. P]= k[= @&$4. P]= k[= @&#5. leIf' cd[tfgGb, a'4 hLjgL, cfgGbs'6L ljxf/ ;+:yf, -@)^*_, k[= ^)6. cg'= leIf' zf]eg, ldlnGb k|Zg,jL/k"0f{ k':ts ;+u|xfno,-@)^!_, k[= &$


16

a'=;+= @%^)

sLlt{k'/af;L cWo]tf z'qm;fu/ >]i7 sf7df8f}+ ;x/dfrNg] 6]Dkf], dfOqmf] cyjf a;sf k5fl8 n]lvg] nx8L–;flxTo k9\g dg k/fpg] ;f]lvg;d]t x'g\ . dfof–k|]dsfOt/ s'/feGbf klg pgnfO{ ;a}eGbf cgf}7f] u/L 5'g] ljifoxf]— a'4 g]kfnd}+ hlGdPsf x'g\ eGg] bfaL–lg:;fsf] n]vf]6 .cem of] 6]Dkf]–;flxToeGbf cufl8 a9]/ :jod\ g]kfn;/sf/n] /fi6« a}+saf6 lgsfn]sf] gf]6df ;d]t n]lvPsf]5— a'4 jfh af]g{ Og g]kfn .

…;/sf/n] slxn] n'lDagL k'u]/ a'4 ;Dd]ng ug]{u/]sf] 5, slxn] /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o d~rdf pleP/ a'4g]kfnd}+ hlGdPsf x'g\ eg]/ 7"nf] :j/df af]Ng] ul/Psf] 5 .clxn] t /fi6« a}+ssf] gf]6d}+ a'4sf] hGdb]z eg]/ bfaLul/Psf] /x]5,Ú k'/ftÎjljb\sf ?kdf lrlgg] z'qm;fu/Oltxf;sf] Pp6f cf]kg–;]qm]6 kf6f]sf af/]df oltv]/af]ln/x]sf 5g\, …hals cfheGbf ! ;o @@ jif{cl3 km]nfk/]sf] czf]s:tDedf plNnlvt () cIf/sf] JofVofgn] ;a}txsf] lg:;fk|df0f lbO;s]sf] 5 . lj8Dagf, cfh;Dd} Tof]() cIf/sf] ;xL -;To_ k7g u/fpg ;lsPs} 5}g .Ú

…b]jfg lko]g lkobl;g===Ú sf] k|rlnt JofVofgsf]efjfg'jfb klg n'lDagLsf] czf]s:tDed'lg -Ps};fy_ ul/Psf]5 . cWo]tf z'qm;fu/sf a'emfOdf, slxn] 9'+ufsf] / slxn]tfdf cyjf ;'gs} hnk nufP/ ;d|f6\ czf]ssf] a|fXdLlnlksf] JofVof ug{ vf]lhP klg To;df …;TotYoÚ aflx/cfpg ;s]s} 5}g . ef/tLo pkdxfåLkleqsf] ;a}eGbfk'/fgf] dflgPsf] a|fXdL lnlksf g]kfndf kfOg] yf]/}cWo]tfdWo]sf Ps z'qm;fu/sf] u'gf;f] 5— lnkLsf] efjfg'jfb-6«fG;ln6/];g_ df b]vf kb}{cfPsf] q'l6sf af/]df k'/ftÎjljefu / ;/sf/sf c¿ lgsfodf eGb} /;'gfpFb} cfP klgsxL+–st} ;'g'jfO ePsf] 5}g . …czf]sn] n]v]sf] lnlkdf…b]jfgÚ elgPsf] 5, t/ efjfg'jfbdf …b]jgÚ 5 . lnlkdf…ctgÚ n]lvPsf] 5 t/ efjfg'jfbdf …cftgÚ 5 . o:t},lnlkdf …cfuftÚ 5, t/ cg'jfbdf …cuftÚ n]lvPsf] 5,Úz'qm;fu/ eG5g\ …xfdL :jod\n] Oltxf;sf] JofVof ug]{qmd / a'emfOdf ;d]t cy{sf] cgy{ nufpg] sfd ul//x]sf5f}+ .Ú

czf]s:tDesf] n]vf]6 / a'4hGdsf] cWoog af/]dfOltxf; ;+zf]wgd08nn] klg k|fdfl0fstf klxNofpg] sfdu/]sf] d08nsf ;b:o k|fWofks lbg]z/fh kGt atfpF5g\ .…cWoog–cg';Gwfgd} b'/fu|x /fVg' ePg,Ú kGt eG5g\,…czf]s:tDesf] a|fXdL lnlksf] efjfg'jfbdf hlt ;TotYoaflx/ cfpg ;Sof], xfdL Tolt blx|nf] x'g;S5f}+ .Ú g]kfnLdfcWo]tf x]d/fh zfSon] a|fXdL lnlksf af/]df JofVofgn]v]sf] hfgsf/L lb+b} kGt k'/ftÎj;lxtsf] cg';Gwfglgsfo / k|fl1s ju{n] klg czf]s:tDesf] clen]v -a|fXdLlnlk_ af/]df yk ;f]wvf]h aflx/ Nofpg'kg]{ kIfdf 5g\ .Tof] Oltxf;nfO{ hlt k|rf/ ug{ ;Sof], plt k|fdfl0fs eP/cl3 a9\g ;lsg]df b[9 5g\ kGt .

;g\ !((& df ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t ePsf]czf]s:tDedf s'FlbPsf] k|fdfl0fs lnlksf] efjfg'jfb -6«fG;ln6/];g_ df s'g} q'l6 /x]–ePsf] kfOPdf To;af/]cWoog x'g;Sg] k'/ftÎj ljefusf dxflgb]{zs e]ifgf/fo0fbfxfnn] klg :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . …of] :tDe cfkm}+df k|fdfl0fsb:tfj]h xf], lnlk efjfg'jfbsf qmdnfO{ cem lrQa'‰bf] /cflwsfl/s t'Nofpg lj1x?sf] ;d"x agfP/ sfd ug{

() cIf/sf] Oltxf;

b]j]Gb| e§/fO{

— czf]s:tDedf plNnlvt () cIf/sf]JofVofgn] ;a} txsf] lg:;fk|df0f lbO;s]sf] 5 .lj8Dagf, cfh;Dd} Tof] () cIf/sf] ;xL -;To_k7g u/fpg ;lsPs} 5}g .

— …;'uf}nL ;lGw -;g\ !*!%_ ePsf] w]/}kl5czf]s:tDe -a'4hGd_ sf] k|fdfl0fstf e]l6Psfn]xfdL a'4hGdsf] b]z x'gaf6 wGo eof}+ . cGoyf,;lGwsf] 8f]/f] tgfOdf n'lDagL klg ef/td} kg{;SYof] .

— 9'+uf cIf/df n]lvPsf] s'/f k9\g 5f8]/sfuhsf gf]6df cg]sefFtL n]Vb} lx+8\g]<Ú, z'qm;fu/sf]cfqmf]z 5— …a'9fgLns07 hfg] 6]Dkf]df …a'4 jfhaf]g{ Og g]kfnÚ n]v]/ s] x'G5<


17

a'=;+= @%^)

;lsG5,Ú bfxfn eG5g\ .p;f] t k'/ftÎj ljefus}

lnlkljb\ Zofd;'Gb/ /fhj+zLn] klgljefusf] d'vkq …k|frLg g]kfnÚ sf]!&# c +sd f …n ' l Dag Lczf]s:tDeflen]vsf] cy{ JofVofM Ps ;dLIffÚ zLif{s Ps n]vdf …%x/km] df}o{ clen]vsf] lnlkGt/ kf7aflx/ cfP klg o;sf] efjfy{ljåfGx?n] cf–cfk \mg } 9+un]v'nfO/x]sf]Ú wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\ ./fhj+zLn] a|fXdL lnlkaf6 ;+:s[tdfefjfg'jfb ul/Psf] …cgy{Ú eGbf klgTo;kl5 cfPsf] ;+:s[t JofVofgsf]yk cgy{sf af/]df ljåfGx?sf a]d]nts{nfO{ cfk\mgf] zf]wd"ns n]vdf;d]6]sf 5g\ . …d}n] hd{g k'/ftÎjljb\ 8f= P km'x//,lnlk1ftf hh{ a'xn/, eLP l:dy, hgfb{g e§, lbg]zrGb|/]UdL, /fwfs'd'b d'vhL{, x'N;, 8L;L ;/sf/, cf/s]j;fs, /fhjnL kf08], PgkL /:tf]uL, e'jgnfn k|wfg,leIf' ;'bz{g dxf:ylj/ cflbsf] leGg cy{ / JofVofsf]a'emfOnfO{ cfk\mgf] cWoogdf ;d]6]sf] 5',Ú /fhj+zL eG5g\,…clen]vdf s'FlbPsf lnlksf] lnKoGt/ ug{ hlt ufx|f] 5,To;sf] cy{ nufO cg'jfb ug{ emg} ufÃf] 5 . t/, o;dfPs?ktf gb]lvPsf] af/] d}n] ;/f]sf/ p7fPsf] x'F .Ú

pgsf a'emfOdf a|fXdL lnlkdf …xnGtÚ k9\g'kg]{cIf/nfO{ …k"0f{ cIf/Ú k9]/ lnlkGt/ ul/Psf]df yk cgy{ePsf] xf] . /fhj+zLn] cfk\mgf] cfn]vdf …n'+ldgufd] palns]s6]Ú sf] lnKoGt/ cy{nfO{ Oltxf;ljb\ e'jgnfn k|wfgn];d]t …cgy{sf/LÚ agfPsf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . …Oltxf;sf/k|wfgn] …palns] s6]Ú sf] ;Gbe{ cg'jfb ubf{ oxfF eujfg\hGd]sf] x'gfn] ;Dk"0f{ s/ dfkmL ul/of] eg]/ cYof{pg'ePsf]5 . palns]sf] zAbaf6 …pÚ / …s]Ú nfO{ 5f8]/ aLrsf] jnLzAb dfq leGg u/L To;sf] cy{ tfgt'g ug]{ h?/t lsgcfOk¥of]<Ú /fhj+zL k|Zg u5{g\ .

lnlk cWoog jf k|fdfl0fstfsf ;/sf/L clwsf/L/fhj+zLn] u/]sf] cWoogdf czf]s:tDedf n]lvPsf] n]vf]6sf];Dk"0f{ g]kfnL JofVofgnfO{ pgn] …k|frLg g]kfnÚ df ;d]6]sf5g\, hxfF elgPsf] 5, …b]jtfx?sf lk|o lk|obzL{ /fhf -;d|f6\ czf]s_ n] cfk\mgf] /fHofleif]ssf] aL;f}+ jif{df oxfF

cfP/ k"hf bz{g u/] . oxfF zfSod'lg a'4sf] hGd ePsf]lyof] . pg} a'4sf] hGdlznf /x]sf] :df/ssf] hL0ff]{4f/ul/lbP, lznf:tDe klg v8f ul/lbP . oxfF eujfg\ hGdePsf] x'gfn] kljq tLy{:yn sfod /fVg n'lDagL ufpFdfjg kmF8fgL u/fOlbP . -Tof] jg kmF8fgL_ cf7 efu -cf7la3f_ ;Dd dfq xf] .Ú

Oltxf;sf] …ckJofVofÚcWo]tf z'qm;fu/ / k|fWofks lbg]z/fh b'a} hgf

a|fXdL lnlksf] lnKoGt/ ;To ePsf] v08df dfq} To;sf]efjfg'jfb …yk ;ToÚ x'g;Sg] wf/0ffdf ljZj:t 5g\ . cfkm}+k'/ftÎj ljefudf !* jif{;Dd lj1 eP/ sfd u/]sfz'qm;fu/nfO{ czf]s:tDesf] a|fXdL lnlksf] …lnKoGt/Ú df/lxcfPsf] q'l6af/] ̂ k6s;Dd ljleGg uf]i7L / ;Dd]ngdfp7fPsf] eP klg sxL+–st} ;'g'jfO gePsf]df lrQb'MvfO/x]5 . …Tolt :ki6 ?kdf k9\g ;lsg] a|fXdL lnlksfcIf/ / pRrf/0fnfO{ …6«fG;ln6/];gÚ df laufl/Psf] 5, of]q'l6 cIfDo 5,Ú z'qm;fu/ eG5g\, …of] k|fdfl0fs tYosf]cfwf/df hDdf () cIf/nfO{ Ps ztfAbLb]lv ;xL ?kdfk9\g–k9fpg g;lsPsf] l:ylt cfkm}+df nfhdbf]{ klg 5 .Úz'qm;fu/sf a'emfOdf k'/ftÎj eg]sf] ;Dkbf dfq} xf]Og,;+:s[lt xf] . /, of]eGbf a9L lj1fg klg xf] . df}o{j+zLoczf]s ;d|f6\sf] clen]v ljZjd} @ ;o %) hlt xf]nfg\ .To;dWo] g]kfndf tLgj6f dfq} 5g\— n'lDagL, lglUnxjf /uf]l6xjfdf . oLafx]s ef/t, ckmuflg:tfg, kfls:tfg,


18

a'=;+= @%^)

t'ls{ldlg:tfg, pHj]ls:tfg;Dd klg czf]s clen]v e]l6Psf]5 . t/, ef/tn] ;w}+h;f] cgfjZos ljjfb / ax;p7fO/xg] eujfg\ a'4sf] hGd:ynaf/]df ;a}eGbf k|fdfl0fsag]/ af]Ng] …czf]s:tDeÚ s} JofVof–k'gJof{Vof :jod\ g]kfn;/sf/n] …cgy{sf/LÚ agfO/x]sf]df z'qm;fu/h:tfk'/ftÎjljb\x?sf] lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

…tTsfnLg kfNkfsf ueg{/ v8\uzdz]/ /f0ffn] ;g\!*(^ sf] k'/ftflÎjs vf]hlagdf czf]s:tDe km]nf kf/]kl5^ j6f xfQL nufP/ Tof] :tDe aflx/ lgsfNg vf]h]sf lyP,t/ ;Dej ePg,Ú z'qm;fu/ eG5g\, …csf{lt/ ;'uf}nL ;lGw-;g\ !*!%_ ePsf] w]/}kl5 czf]s:tDe -a'4hGd_ sf]k|fdfl0fstf e]l6Psfn] xfdL a'4hGdsf] b]z x'gaf6 wGoeof}+ . cGoyf, ;lGwsf] 8f]/f] tgfOdf n'lDagL klg ef/td}kg{ ;SYof] .Ú czf]s:tDesf] lnlk / cIf/af/] klxnf] k6scfkm"n] JofVof v'nfpFb} tLg bzscl3 …zfSod'lg a'4sf]n'lDagLdf hGd ePsf]Ú cy{ :ki6 kfg{ ;s]sf] bfaL ub}{z'qm;fu/n] Tof] :tDesf] ;'/Iff / lxkmfht ug]{ dfdnfdfclxn]h:t} x]nr]So|fOF sfod} /x]df casf] %) jif{kl5

clen]vsf cIf/ k9\g} c;Dej x'g] ;+s]t ;d]t u/]sf5g\ . n'lDagL cf;kf;df eO/x]sf] …Anfl:6ªÚ sf] w"nf] /av]{ kfgLsf] lvofn] a|fXdL lnlksf cIf/x? w"ldn aGb}hfg] qmd a9]sf] pgn] ;'gfP .

…xfd|f] Oltxf;, ;Eotf / klxrfgsf] s'/fdf rs]{/}af]Nof] eg] klg oxfF ;'lglbg] sf]xL x'Gg,Ú pgL eG5g\, …a?uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, sfo{kq clg nGr–l8g/ eg]kl5 ;a}sf]Wofg tflgg] u/]sf] 5 .Ú g]kfnL ?k}ofFdf …a'4 jfh af]g{ Ogg]kfnÚ eg]/ n]Vg' cyjf 6]Dkf]–a;sf k5fl8 a'4sf] hGdynf]JofVofg ug{' / u/fpg'nfO{ …jflxoft sfdÚ eGb} b]zsf,k|wfgdGqL, ;+:s[ltdGqL, k'/ftÎj clwsf/L / ljåfGx?n];a}eGbf klxnf czf]s:tDedf pleP/ a|fXdL lnlksf cIf/x?…;xL ?kdf v'6Øfpg' h?/LÚ ePsf] ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\—ljifoljb\x?n] . …P afaf, a"9fkfsfx?n] klg eGg] u/]sf5g\— 9'+uf cIf/df n]lvPsf] s'/f k9\g 5f8]/ sfuhsfgf]6df cg]sefFtL n]Vb} lx+8\g]<Ú, z'qm;fu/sf] cfqmf]z 5—…a'9fgLns07 hfg] 6]Dkf]df …a'4 jfh af]g{ Og g]kfnÚ n]v]/s] x'G5<ÚK

n]vs Pj+ kf7s–u|fxs ju{df xflb{s cg'/f]w

á g]kfnsf] klxnf] af}4 dfl;s cfgGb e"ld klqsfsf] nflu g]kfnL, g]kfn efiff tyf cFu|]hLdf n]v–/rgf ;dod}+;Dk|]if0f ug'{xf]nf, ;DalGwt tyf ;dof]lrt n]v–/rgfnfO{ xfdL plrt :yfg lbg]5f}+ .

á ;dod}+ n]vs ju{n] a'4, a'4wd{, af}4;+:s[lt Pj+ bz{g, ;flxTo / Oltxf;;DaGwL cg';GwfgfTds tyf ;[hgffTdsn]v, /rgf, syf, sljtfx? ;+k|]if0f ug'{xf]nf .

á cf–cfk\mgf If]qx?df x'g] ;dfrf/d"ns af}4 ultljlwnfO{ ;Sbf] rfF8f] kmf]g, O{d]n jf x'nfsaf6 hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .á pBf]uklt tyf Jofkf/L ju{af6 lj1fkg bftf aGg'eO{ cfk\mgf] Joj;fosf] k|rf/ tyf a'4wd{k|ltsf] >4f cleJoQm

u/L cfgGbe"ldnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{xf];\ .á ljut $$ jif{b]lv k|sfzg x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] af}4 dfl;s klqsf cfgGbe"ldsf nflu cfkm\gf ljrf/, ts{,

lgofqf, b[li6sf]0fh:tf s'/fx? ;dfj]z u/L jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf cg's'n x'g] u/L hgcle?lrk"0f{ gofF gofF tYox?;lxtoxfFx?af6 lg/Gt/ ?kdf n]v/rgf k|fKt eO/x]df cfgGb e"ldnfO{ :t/Lo?kdf k|:t't ub}{hfg ;lsg] x'G5 .

á o; klqsfdf k|sflzt n]v–/rgfsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L :jo+ n]vss} cleef/f x'g]5 .á ;dod}+ n]v–/rgf k|sfzg ug{ tyf ;Nnfx–;'emfjsf nflu [email protected]/

[email protected] df Od]n ug{;lsg] 5 .á ;xof]u, ;Nnfx, ;'emfj tyf cfnf]rgf, ;dfnf]rgf cfgGbe"ldsf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ;Da4 If]qaf6 /rgfTds

;xof]usf] ck]Iff lnPsf 5f}+ .– cfgGbe"ld kl/jf/, cfgGb s'6L ljxf/, :jo\De", sf7df8f}+ .

kmf]g – $@&!$@) [email protected] /


19

a'=;+= @%^)

lrQnfO{ ;kmf ug{ ljkZogfsf] cEof;

– ;a} cf;lQmx? Tofu]/ lx+8\g] /ljkZogfsf] cEof;åf/f /fd|f] vfnsf] ljd'QmlrQjfnf JolQm aGb5 . To:tf] JolQm g}>d0fTjsf] eflubf/ x'G5 . k|dfb gug'{ cd[tkbxf] cyf{t\ ljkZogfsf] ljsf; g} lgjf{0f k|flKtsf]af6f] xf], k|dfb g} d[To'sf] af6f] xf] . ck|dfbLslxNo} db}{gg\ . k|dflb rflxF ;w}+ d/] ;dfg g}x'G5g\ .

nf]saxfb'/ zfSo

dg g} ;a} wd{ -lrQ k|j[lQx?_ sf] cu'jfxf], dg g} >]i7 -k|wfg_ xf], ;a} wd{ dgf]do 5g\ .olb s'g} JolQmn] cfkm\gf] dg d}nf] -k|b"lift_ kf/]/,ha s'g} jf0fL af]Nb5, cyjf z/L/åf/f s'g} sd{ub{5 eg] b'Mv p;sf] kl5kl5 o;/L nfUb5,h:tf] ls rlNt uf]?uf8fsf rSsfn] uf]?sfkfOnfx?sf] lk5f ub{5g\ . dg eGg' / lrQ eGg'Ps} s'/f xf] . lrQn] lrQj[lQx?nfO{ wf/0f ub{5 .dgn] wf/0f ug]{ lrQj[lQnfO{ g} wDd jf wd{ elgG5 .wd{sf] kl/efiff xf] æwf/]tLÚlt wDd+ÚÚ wf/0f ugf{n]Tof] wd{ xf] . ;a} wd{x?sf] pTklQ klxn] dgdfx'G5, To; cy{df dg ;a} wd{x?sf] k"j{ufdL cyjfcu'jf x'G5 . To;sf/0f dgf];]Ýf cyf{t\ dg >]i7x'G5, k|wfg x'G5, k|d'v x'G5 . dgsf df]6fdf]6Lrf/ efudf lj1fg, ;+1f, j]bgf / ;+:sf/ kb{5g\,h'g ;a} dgåf/f wf/0f ul/g] wd{ g} x'g\ . oLrf/dWo] k|wfg g} dg cyf{t\ lj1fg g} x'G5 .lj1fgn] g} c? tLg dgsf v08x?sf] g]t[Tjub{5 . lj1fg ;Fu;Fu} c? tLg ;+1f, j]bgf /;+:sf/ klg hfUb5g\ . t/ olb lj1fg hfu]sf]5}g eg], c? tLg klg hfUg ;Sb}gg\ . dgf]dofcyf{t\ ;a} wd{x? dgåf/f lgld{t x'g] x'gfn] dgf]dox'G5g\ . ;a} sd{, wd{ cyjf sd{;+:sf/x? klgdgf]do x'G5g\ cyf{t\ dgn]o'Qm x'G5g\ . dg;Fu;DalGwt gePsf s'g} wd{ of sd{ of sd{;+:sf/x'Fb}gg\ . lrQnfo{ k|b"lift kf/]/, b"lift dgn], dlngdgn], dgnfO{ d}nf] kfb{5 . lrQsf] r]tgf cg';f/dflg;sf] sfd /fd|f] of g/fd|f] x'G5 . lrQsf]r]tgf / tbg';f/sf] dgn] g} sd{ cyf{t\ sd{;+:sf/aG5g\, b'Mvn] cg'udg ub{5, p;sf] kl5kl5 b'MvnfUb5 . cfkm\gf] sd{;+:sf/n] ubf{ s'g} g s'g}kl/0ffd lgl:sP/} 5f]8\5 . o:tf] kl/0ffdaf6 km]l/csf]{ sd{;+:sf/ aGg hfG5 . o; k|sf/n] ej;+;/0f

rNb} hfG5 / ta;Dd rln g} /xG5, ha;DdljkZogfåf/f To:tf sd{;+:sf/sf h/f pv]n]/kmØfls+b}gg\ cyf{t\ lgd"{n kfl/+b}gg\ . oxfFsf] k|;Ëdfb'Mvsf] tfTko{ b'Mvsi6, zf/Ll/s of dfgl;sb'Mvsi6, cfkbljkb, dfgl;s c;Gt'li6, g/fd|fb'ikl/0ffd, ckfo ultdf hGd of dfgj ;dfhsf]tNnf] hGd OToflbnfO{ lng' kb{5 . b'Mvn] dflg;nfO{o;/L lk5f ul//xG5, h;/L ls uf]? uf8fsfkf+u|fn] uf]? uf8L tfGg] uf]?sf] lk5f 5f]8\b}gg\ .

s'g} JolQmn] cfkm\gf] dgnfO{ k|;Gg kf/]/cyf{t\ ;kmf dgn] ha s'g} jf0fL af]Nb5 cyjfz/L/åf/f s'g} sd{ ub{5, eg] ;'v p;sf] kl5kl5o;/L nfUb5, h;/L ls slxNo} klg ;fy g5f]8\g]5fofFn] lk5f u/]em}+ p;sf] lk5f ub{5 . o; ;+;f/dfzq'tfn] zq'tfnfO{ jf:tjdf slxNo} klg zfGtkfg{ ;Sb}g, ldqtfn] eg] zq'tfnfO{ zfGt kfg{;Sb5 . of] g} ;gftg wd{ xf], cgf8Lx?n] dfqof] s'/f] hfGb}gg\ ls xfdLn] o; ;+;f/af6 Pslbghfg} kb{5 . cyf{t\ ;a} dflg;x?n] Ps lbg dg}{kb{5 . h;n] o; ;To tYonfO{ yfxf kfpFb5g\,To;kl5 pgLx?sf nflu ;a} em}emu8fx? zfGt x'G5g\ .

OlGb|o hutnfO{ z'e g} z'e, /fd|f] g} /fd|f]b]Vb}, cyf{t\ OlGb|o hut clgTo, b'Mv / cgfTd


20

a'=;+= @%^)

5 eGg] s'/f] ghfgL, cg'kZogf ub}{ cyf{t\ ljrf/ub}{ ljxf/ ug]{, cfkm\gf OlGb|ox?k|lt c;+oldt,cfkm\gf] ef]hgsf] dfqf ;d]t ghfGg], cN5L /pBf]u ljxLg lxDdtxf/f JolQmnfO{ jf:tjdf df/n]To;/L 9fNb5, h;/L ls b'a{n ?vnfO{ atf;n]9fNb5 . cz'enfO{ cz'e g} cz'e b]Vb} cyf{t\OlGb|o hut clgTo, b'Mv / cgfTd 5 eg]/ hfGb}ljxf/ ug]{, OlGb|ox?k|lt ;+oldt, cfkm\gf] ef]hgsf];d]t dfqf hfGg], ;4d{k|lt >4fn' / k|oTgzLnJolQmnfO{ df/n] To;/L g} 9fNg ;Sb}g, h;/L ls9'+ufn] ag]sf] kj{tnfO{ atf;n] 9fNg ;Sb}g .

h;n] cfkm\gf lrQdnx?nfO{ jfGtf u/]/aflx/ lgsfln;s]sf] 5 -cyf{t\ h;n] ljkZogfsf]cEof; ub}{ cyf{t\ zLn, ;dflw / k|1fsf] cEof;åf/f;a} lrQdnx?nfO{ kmØf+ls;s]sf] 5_, hf] zLn;bfrf/df k"0f{ ?kn] ;+oldt cyf{t\ k|ltli7t 5,hf] ;+od / ;Ton] o'Qm 5 eg] pm jf:tjdf sfiffoj:q wf/0f ug{ of]Uo x'G5 . wd{sf] ;f/nfO{ ;f/ g}/ lgM:;f/nfO{ lg:;f/ g} hfg]/ lxF8\g] z'4 lrGtgdggsf] uf]r/ e"ld ePsf JolQmx?n] wd{sf] ;f/nfO{k|fKt ub{5g\ . yf]/} dfq ePklg ;+lxtfx?sf] cyf{t\wd{u|Gysf ufyfx?sf] kf7 ug]{ JolQm olb wd{sf]s'/fdf wd{sf] efjgf cg';f/sf] cfr/0f ug]{jfnfx'G5 eg], pm ;Dk|1fgL aGb}, p;n] /fu, å]if /df]xnfO{ TofUb5 / oxfF / jxfF tfSb} glx+8\g], ;a}cf;lQmx? Tofu]/ lx+8\g] / ljkZogfsf] cEof;åf/f/fd|f] vfnsf] ljd'Qm lrQjfnf JolQm aGb5 . To:tf]JolQm g} >d0fTjsf] eflubf/ x'G5 . k|dfb gug'{cd[tkb xf] cyf{t\ ljkZogfsf] ljsf; g} lgjf{0fk|flKtsf] af6f] xf], k|dfb g} d[To'sf] af6f] xf] .ck|dfbL slxNo} db}{gg\ . k|dflb rflxF ;w}+ d/];dfg g} x'G5g\ .

1fgLhgx?n] ck|dfbsf] ljz]iftfnfO{ hfg]/cfo{x?sf] uf]r/ e"lddf /d0f ub}{ ck|dfbdf k|d'lbtx'G5g\ . jL/ k'?ifx?n] nuftf/ ljkZogf Wofg,ub}{ uP/ ;jf]{Qd of]uIf]djfnf -;a} cfzlQmaf6d'Qm eP/_ ;jf]{Qd lgjf{0fnfO{ ;fIffTsf/ ub{5g\ .pBf]uzLn, :d[ltdfg, bf]if/lxt, kljq sd{ ug]{jfnf,

;f]rljrf/ u/]/ sfd ug]{, ;+odL, wd{ cg';f/sf]hLjgofkg ug]{ ck|dfbL JolQmsf] oz v'a} a9\b5 .pBf]u, ck|dfb, ;+od, OlGb|o bdgåf/f d]wfjL -1fgLk'?if_ n] cfkm\gf] /Iffsf] nflu o:tf] åLk -6fk'_ cfkm} agfpcf];\ tfls p;nfO{ cfkm\g} b;k|sf/sf Sn]ifsf af9Ln] aufpg cyf{t\ 8'afpgg;s'g\ . d"v b'a'{l4hg ;w}+ k|dfbdf nflu/xG5g\,hals d]wfjL -1fgL_ k'?ifhgn] eg] >]i7 wgnfO{;+efn]/ /fv] h:t} u/]/ cfkm\gf] ck|dfb?kL wgsf]/Iff ub{5g\ . k|dfbdf nflug/x"F g t s'g} sfdef]udf g} lnKt e}/fv, lsgls ck|dfbLn] dfqljkZogf Wofg ub}{ uP/ dxfg lgjf{l0fs ;'vnfO{k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 .

s'g} a'l4dfg JolQmn] k|dfbnfO{ ck|dfbn]lht]/ k/ eufpFb5, ta p k|1f?kL k|;fbdf r9]/zf]s/lxt x'G5 . To:tf] zf]s/lxt wL/ k'?ifn]zf]sfs'n eP/ ljd'9 cj:yfdf a;]sf dflg;x?nfO{o:tf] s/0f lrQn] x]b{5, h:tf] ls s'g} dflg;n]kj{tsf] 6'Kkf]df pleP/ e'O{ +df a;]sf c1fgLhgx?nfO{ x]b{5 . k|dfbLsf] aLrdf ck|dfbL tyfc1fgtfsf] lgGb|fdf ;'lt/x]sfx?sf] aLrdf clt;r]t a'l4dfgn] k|dfbLnfO{ k5fl8 5f]8]/ o;/Lcufl8 a9\b5, h:tf] ls l56f] l56f] bf}l8g] cltzL3|ufdL 3f]8fn] l9nf] lx+8\g] b'a{n 3f]8fnfO{ k5fl85f]8\b5 . ck|dfbsf] sf/0fn] d3dfgj gfd u/]sfo'jf kl5 uP/ OGb| ag]sf lyP . OGb| ePkl5 pgLb]jtfx?df ;j{>]i7 ag] . t;y{ ;a}n] ck|dfbLsf]k|z+;f ub{5g\ / k|dfbLsf] ;a}n] lgGbf ub{5g\ .h'g leIf' of ljkZoL ;fws ck|dfbdf cfgGb lng],k|dfbdf cfgGb glng] / k|dfbdf eo b]Vb5,p;n] cfkm\gf ;fgf 7"nf ;a} sd{;+:sf/sfaGwgx?nfO{ cfuf]n] kf]n]/ 89fP/ e:d kf/]h:t}u/ ]/ e:d kfb } { lx F8 \b5 . o; lsl;dsfdxfg'efjx?sf] ktg x'g ;Sb}g, lsgls p tlgjf{0fsf] glhs k'lu;s]sf] x'G5 . KKKKK

-;Gbe{>f]t M wDdkb+, cg'jfbs j]bgfy cfrfo{_


21

a'=;+= @%^)

lbs] db'u' s' 8f= /Lgf t'nfw/

kl/olQ ;4Dd sf]ljb

– æYj eNofof s' nf 5' emØft' . jof nfdfMyfo\ Yog]j+ s' lbs] x] b' . jl;s+ emØft'u', lbs]yfo\x] db'u', TjMt] x] dHo"u' s' s'laofRjgflk+ emL ;sn]+vM . u'ln hs emØft'u' s' Yj .Æ

– æhGd h';f+lg;]+ go]dfn, Tjg]dfn,kmfo]dfn, Bg]dfn wof x] RjgL Yj+ . 5Gx' dg;]+Rjg] dkm', 5Gx' dkmf;] Rjg] dk'm .

– erf hs emØft'u' s' nf Yj b]x . æ;+lvQ]gk~r'kfbfgSvGwflk b'SvfÆ woftMu' pls+ x] dvfh'O . gfd?k wd{of k"0f{?k+ lg/f]w ofo] kmM;f ltlgx] Yj s' lbs] bOu' h'ofRjg .

æp x'x' uHofMu' si6 YjÆ lk;fa af+nfsdh'ofM s]z/L æ:o" :o"Æ xfxf+ xfg+ afy?d jg .lk;fa kf]n] h"u'ln+ Hofg x] jgLy]+ si6 h'n joft .rlR5 ;fl:t gg+ ;'y h'n . Hj/ g+ erf erf b' .

ælDxuM lGxg;+lg;]+ erferf kf]n] h"u' . ;lgno\pl; drf;] 8fS6/ So+j+;f ufMDx lh . nM TjFRj+hL 5' wsfM Rjgf . Gxfkflnkf h";f kf]n] h'nlsufSs nM Tjg]u' . UjM;+rf ldl> nvo\ k\mjofMTjg]u' . pln+ dHo";f cNsf;f]n nM TjgfM ngLu' .yf}+ nf erf x] SjnfMu' dv't . co\ uHofMu' Njo\YjM, Rj hs kmfo] dkmo]j+ g+ y'ln lhjo\ si6 h'Owofu' b' nf< uHofMu' lhp Yj .Æ nflurfofM xfxf+s]z/L Sjyfo\ gfk+ b'u' P6for afy?d+ lkxf+ jn .

j ofo] Yj ofo] dbofM em\ofMsfkM rfo]sfMe\mofn+ Sj:jt . lkg] lgefMhM yxf+ jofRjg .rfGxo\ jf jMu'ln+ ;u{M g+ or';] Rj+, lkg]of b[ioGXoOk';] Rj+ . k|s[lt+ SogfRj+u' Yj ;'Gb/ b[ioo\ g+s]z/L GXoOk' tfos] dk'mt . e\mofn+ b'lkgfM ;f]kmfo\yrSs k\mot't . vftfo\ k'mOFk'mOF BgfRj+Dx efMtDx]l;twfn– æofsg+ 8fS6/oft kmf]g ofgfM jf;Mof gf+Gofgfsfo] dfn . co\ afHofDx bgflb;F /] . t;s+si6 h'n lhtM .Æ

ægsltlg % ah] h'n . yafo\tL lg;]+ uy]kmf]g ofo]u' 8fS6/oft .Æ yy] wofM efMtDx sdn;fx'+ c+uMkfv] :jofM GXoM jo]sf5\jt . a]kf/ofHofo\ tfkfno\ jgfRj+Dx lDxuM ltlg lnYo+sM jMDx .Tofg' y]+ jof g+ . nf;f+ db+ .

Rjgf+ Rjg] dlhofM 5' ofo] 5' ofo] h'ofMs]z/L+ l6=le= rfo]sn . cf:yf Rofgno\ /fdb]jofu'k|f0ffofd sfo{qmd jofRjg . yL yL sy+ of]u:ogfRjg .

æy'lndl5 :ogftMu'nL lk;fa kf]n] h'Ou' n+s]u'5u" g+ d:o+ y]+ Rj+ .Æ dgdg+ wfn j+ . l6=le= :jQn]jof si6 h"u' erf NjMd+ y]+ h'n . cafo\tL lnSsSjyf+ jof drfDx 5o\rf VjofxMu' tfo]bt . jofSjyf gfk;+ x] jof sfo\–ef}of Sjyf . s]z/L+ tLhsbgfM :jMjg . sf]yfo\ drfof df+Dx g+ db', af}Dx g+db' . GofbF b'Dx tMlwsMDx 5o\ GXoM x] jo]sf Rjgltlg . blR5 b'Dx y'Dx lrlwsMDx drf emg emgt;n+ Vjofxn .

æug hs j+u' y'lk+ lgDx+Æ k't'k't' xfxf+ s]z/L+drf a'ofsfn .

æx} x]/f, x} k'tf, 5' h'n drfoft, 5' h'nlh x]/foft .Æ clhDx+ drfoft Xos]t ;gfRjg .drf Vjo]u' dlbp . RofNn RofNn Vjof x] Rjg .VjVj+ ugfjgL y]+ Rjg .

Sjyf+ lkxf+ jofM æco\ ldg', co\ ldg'Æ wfwf+ltjf+ ltjf+ ef}Dx]l;t ;Mtn, aNn+ drfof df+Dx vg]bo]sM jn .

lkmS;g M sfNklgs ;flxlTos afv+


22

a'=;+= @%^)

æug jgfRjgf vM l5lk+ . drf agfjgL y]+Rjg, VjofRj+u' .Æ ef}Dx]l;t Gjft .

æafy?d jgfRjgfu' . lDxuM gofu' erf dlggnf d:o' . rlR5+ x] emf/f h'ofM lhtM .Æ yo\ wfwf+ef}Dx ldg'+ drf a'ofsfn . k\mot'gfM 5flt pnfMb'? Tj+sn . df+of b'? Dx't'O Nj;'Oj+ x] drfVjMu' tKk lbt .

æ5 g+ emf/f h'n wof nf . lhtM yg lk;fakf]n] h'ofM uhfMu' si6 h'n wof+ . lDxuM ljxf/o\ef]hg gsfM lnxf+ j;f+lg;]+ erf ;'v dbof jMu' .co\ ldg', afa'rf Uj vM 8fS6/oft kmf]g ofs]dfn .Æsfo\of af/] Gog s]z/L+ .

ædlg{ª jfs emfn .Æ ldg'+ wfn .

ædf+of ufSs nM elkoflb;F /] .Æ ldg'+ wfn .

ænM oSj x] Tjg] w'g . dHo" wof+ .Æ wfwf+s]z/L lkxf+ jg .

s]z/Lof sfo\Dx k|sfz b'xf+ jo]j+ 8fS6/oftkmf]g oft . aNn+ 8fS6/ln;] vF h'n . c:ktfno\( ah] ltlg jf wofxn . 3f}l5of b'g] s]z/L tMSjx] afy?do\ b'xf+ jg, lkxf+ jn .

t'n'Ss t'n'Ss l;a] Rj djM . kf]n] h'Oano\Dx x] drf;] jgLy]+ Rj+s si6 h'Ou' . 8fS6/gfknfo] dk'mtn] j O{ nf g/s ;dfg x] h'njoft . ;g] x] dkmofM y:;M kfofRjg . Sjyf lkg]sfnfs'n' xfMu' ;M tfofM bg .

ef}Dx ldg'+ Hof ofODx]l;t AjMlaofRjg– æyf}+a; 5'6] h'Ou' x] h'n . lkg]+ kmf]g ofgfM drf sfMjf wofM 5 lkofRjg] DjfM nf . a'l4 g+ db' 5+ .cfM drfoft ;'gf+ tMjgL y]+ :s"no\ Yo+s . 8}8LDxlkxf+ emfo] dflg . df+oft c:ktfno\ o+s] dflg .Ældg' 5u" x] tfn+ xfnfM Hof ofODx]l;t AjMlaofRjgnao\ RjgfM .

5' h"u' vF y'Os] dkmofM Gog s]z/L+– æ5'h'n vM ========< 5' h'n<Æ

æafa'rf+ lv kmfo] tf+Gjn wfn wsfM drfAjgfM ;'+s lnxf+ jofRjg a; :6ko\ lkofRj+lk+ .cfM :s"n a; 5'6] h'Ou' h'n .Æ ldg'+ wfn .

æco\ drfof lv kmfo] tf+GjMu' 5' ofo] lhp .a; :6ko\ lv kmfo]yfo\ db';f .Æ s]z/L+ vF y'OsfMwfn .

æGxfrM x] lv kmf wofu' dv'nf 5+t VjfMl;nf sy+ . ug ug dlhn cg x] lv kmfo]dfM sf5+ .Æ wfwf+ drfoft hg'kmfto\ kftfSs bfofM;fnfo+sn ldg'+ .

æafy?do\ lv kmfo]t kmØt'gfu' nf vM lglh . lv x] djM;f .Æ drf g+ Vjvgf ;n+ xfxf+jg .

ælv kmfo] dfnfM g+ b'Mv, Rj kmfo] dfnfM g+b'Mv x] sf . a'4 eujfg+ Yj z/L/ x] b'Mvofu'vfgL wfMu' Yj x] h'nsf .Æ s]z/L yy] xfxf+ yMu'sf]yfo\ t'+ b'xf+ jg .

si6 ;x ofof+ s]z/L aNnaNn+ 8fS6/ofGXoMg] Yog . 8fS6/+ hfFro\ oft .

æOGk]mS;g t;s+ h'O w'+sn vgL . cfMoftkfOk tofM lk;fa lksfo] dfnL . erf lnkf nfMu';f;d:of h'Ou' yf}+ lGxlR5 c:ktfno\ egf{ g+ ofo]dfnL .Æ 8fS6/+ ;'emfj lan .

s]z/Loft nf;fo\ Ujt'OsfM lk;faof kfOkhf]8]ofgfM lk;fa lksf;]+ln joft Dx x] db' y]+Rj+s ofpF;] Rjgfjn . ;f;M Nxfo] x] cMk'n .s]lag vfln db'u'ln+ a? hg/n jf8{o\ Rjg]dfn .joft jf;M O;M gs]xn . Dx ofpF;] Rj+u', gfk+rlR5+ Bg] dv+u'ln+ s]z/Lof 5GXoM ofpFs GXoM g+jn . c:ktfno\ RjFRjF lGxgo\ h"ano\ joft cgRjg] dg d+t . yMt Dx ofpFof jMln;] joftc:ktfnof jftfj/0f emØft'ofjn . hg/n jf8{o\a]8klt+ yL yL sy+of la/fdLt 5Dx 5Dx :j:j+ x]Dx u/v];] Rjgfjn . KjfM :ofgfM jfyfjfyf sgfRj+Dx,NxfMt'lt Tjw'nfM Knfi6/ toftMDx, afGtf hs


23

a'=;+= @%^)

n'd+sflb;" Û cfM Kffln lqlk6s g]kfnL lnlkO g+ Û

emLyfo\ a'4jrg kfln lqlk6s u|Gyof cWoog, cWofkg ;n+;M bFlg;]+ TjfMbMu'ln+ y'lsoft wd{ofk|tLssy+ v+s]u'ln+ jl~rt h'Osf Rjg]dfMlk+ h'n . yg wd{ b]jtfof d"lt{ k"hfo\ ;Lldt h"jg .

cGo af}4 b]zo\ h";f kfln lqlk6s u|Gyof ;+:s/0f lkxfF jOg wofu' ;'vb\ ;dfrf/ lkbg]vt+;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ VoMkfv]+ j >4fjfglklgkfv]+ yMlk+t 5u" ;]6 u|Gy dbO, dyO wsfM GXojM x] a"s ofo]w'+sLu' h'ofRjg . jL/k"0f k':ts ;+u|xfno, ufMaxfM, onof Uj;fno\ lgs6 eljioo\ x] kfln lqlk6s g]kfnLlnlkO $% u" v08 u|Gy lkbg] To+u' b' . y'hfu' kljq u|Gy ;+u|x ofo]u' uf}/jk"0f{ cj;/ ;b'kof]u ofgf

laHofo]t÷bLt Ogfk ofgfRjgf .

ofgfRj+Dx 5Dx, t;s+ Hj/ jMDx, xfg+ 5Dx a]xf]zo\a]tf]/+ xfnf xofRj+Dx, An8 k|];/ nf] h'ofM d"R5f{h"Dx, xfg+ d]Dx ld+ k'gfM Dxo\ 5Ø+u" kftfkftfs't'+jMDx px'x' ==== uhfMu' gf/sLo b[io . la/fdLs'?jft :jM;f+ pln x] 5Dx y]+ 5Dx kL/ dsf{+u|:tlk+ vg]b' . ;'of+ VjfM rs+ wofu' db' . uHofMu'b'Mvof ;+;f/ Yj . hLjgo\ ;'v wofu' knvxfanf;f y]+ hs TjOu' h'ofRjg . a'4 eujfg+wfMy]+ hLjg nf cflv/o\ b'Mv+ hs x] hfofRj+u'vgL .

cn] j+ yMu' vftfof gfk;+ kmØt'gfRj+DxefMtDx sdn ;fx'ofs] tLhs Gog – æco\ afHofDx,lhtM nf yg Rj+Rjg] dg d+t . lhtM ofpFn . 5]Fo\lnxf+ jg] wfo] nf 8fS6/oft .Æ

æyf}+ 5Gx' RjF wfMu' . jf;M ofo] dufMlgh'O . ;'+s ldvf ltl;gfM RjF /] 5+ .Æ efMtDx]l;u'ln;no\ j+ xfg+ d]u' wofdRjg . wfMy]+ ldvf ltl;gfMUjt'nfRjg .

ltlGxgo\ tf+GjofRjg, GXoM jo]s]t :jn+ g+GXoM jo]s] dkmofM j lbSs rfofRjg . c:ktfnofa/Gbf tSs Gofl; jgfM lkg]of b[io :jMjg .ltlGxgo\ x] nFo\ pln x] dg"t h" b' . Yj g]kfno\$& ;fn+ k|hftGq jn wf;]+lg;]+ o]F b];o\ t;s+dg"t DjDjM h'ofjn . nFo\ jofRjFRj+ cg Sjo\eNof 5Dx emØft'Ss s' s'laofM jofRj+u' vg .dg+ wfn— æu'ln emØft' h'O jof NxfM t'ltOtfMtfM lxg" ;L b' . Dx 5Dx+ rMlt gfMgf jM .ykfo\;s+ tf+GjMano\ plndl5 e\moft'u' s' s'laofM

jofRjg . go] 5' Tjg] 5' . KjfM 5uMof lglt+ u'lnb'Mv l;ofRj+lk y'lk+ gf/f+ lzj .Æ

nFo\ jofRj+Dx eNof 5Dx]l;t :j:j+ yy] dtLjo]sfRj+Dx s]z/Lof xfg+ d]u' x] larfM jn –

æYj eNofof s' nf 5' emØft' . jof nfdfMyfo\ Yog]j+ s' lbs] x] b' . jl;s+ emØft'u',lbs]yfo\ x] db'u', TjMt] x] dHo"u' s' s'laofRjgflk+emL ;sn]+ vM . u'ln hs emØft'u' s' Yj . s]z/LoflDxuM rfGxo\ lk;fa kf]n] h"ano\ lg;]+of c:ktfntsof vF bSj+ 5l;+ lg;]+ n'dgf jn . u'ln hsemØft'u' s' Yj emLu' b]x . hGd h';f+lg;]+ go]dfn,Tjg]dfn, kmfo]dfn, Bg]dfn wof x] RjgL Yj+ .5Gx' dg;]+ Rjg] dkm', 5Gx' dkmf;] Rjg] dk'm . Njo\yL yL b' . 5'+ x] Yj+ ;xofo] dk'm . Hj/ 5sM jM;f+dlhn Yjoft, KjfM :ofM;f+ dlhn, 5Ø+ :ofs]dlhn, jf :ofs] dlhn . 3fM 5s" hs h";f+dlhn . go] dv+;f jfo' hO, kmo\s" yxf+ jO .cfkfM gM;f emf8fafGtf h'O . Yj z/L/oft An8k|];/ a9] ofo] dHo", ;'u/ a9] ofo] dHo", 36] h";femg x] Uofgfk' wfO . GXofu'+ dfqfl5 ofgfto]kmo]s] dfMu' cxxx === erf hs emØft'u' s' nf Yjb]x . æ;+lvQ]g k~r'kfbfgSvGwflk b'SvfÆ woftMu'pls+ x] dvf h'O . gfd?k wd{of k"0f{?k+ lg/f]wofo] kmM;f ltlg x] Yj s' lbs] bOu' h'ofRjg .Æ

ljk:;gf Wofgo\ Rjg] g+Dx s]z/L+ yy] x]y'Osn .

KKKKK


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a'=;+= @%^)

According to the original texts-resources, duringhis forty-five years life time, the Buddha has taughtvast amount of doctrine for the well fare of the allconditioned-living beings. Going through the Dhammathat has taught by the Buddha and while applying itfor the day to day life, we should realize what is rightwrong and what is beneficial and what is unbeneficial.Thereafter, we should recognize the barricades,blockades and obstacles of the practicing all thoseDhammas. Whenever, we recognize the barricades,blockades and obstacles of the Dhamma precisely andrightly, and then our ways to the realizations of thedoctrine is more profound and clear. And it is easier toapproach the goals of life or ultimate happiness(Nibbana).

Hence, first of all, we should have bitunderstanding the doctrine and marvelous or wonderfulqualities of the Buddha, who the Buddha is and whathe has, and then, we should move towards the path(realization) of ultimate goals of life or approach theultimate truth. As well as, we must have goodunderstanding about the four noble truths, eight foldpaths, the concepts of rebirth, Buddhist-causality andthree characteristics etc. to have better practice inBuddhism or Buddhist meditation because this factsare marvelous, wonderful, magnificent and glorious.We must have good recognition of those marvelous,wonderful and magnificent valuable teachings. Andthrough these valuable teachings and concepts, wemust establish self-strength, self-confidence and self-faith within oneself. If-so-facto, we can step preciselyand rightly upon the paths that Buddha has cleanedfor us to walk on.

That is the reason why, I am going to explain thesigns of recognition the doctrine and remarkablequalities of the all-knowing one and doors to step onultimate truths where there we can walk silently andpeacefully.

As we all devotees know that the enlightenedone was taught the virtuous doctrine about forty-fiveyears of his life time. Throughout those ages of everysingle second, he be taken, applied or engaged inpreaching the doctrine for the benefits, boon, congenialand constructive health, wealth and happiness of theall living beings. After this virtuous service to the world,the Buddha passed away. Whenever, the deities,

Brahmins and people came to know the passing awayof the enlightened one, they became gloomed and griefexpressing their faithful-sympathizes towards themarvelous qualities of the Buddha. Whenever, we tryto imagine the situation of the times, we can feel andunderstand the honors he has earned from the deities,Brahmins and human beings through these faithful-sympathizes. Throughout the cremation of the Buddha,we have to see the honors that were bespoke, betoken,connote and denote by the devotees of the times.

They begirded, bandaged, convolved or coiledthe body of the Buddha with five hundreds robes.Many people dismay to believe these sorts of stories.Demonstrating some logical, reasonable and rationalargument that whenever we be-girdle or win round withfive hundreds robes; his body will be extremely ample,capacious, or big. But that statement is unacceptable,not right because its premises are invalid or theycompare the robes with present days robed that monksare using. Robes of those days were extremely acute,delicate, microscopic or penetrating. Such a clothes orrobes, still we can find in India. Still they are producingthose kinds of clothes to use in the religious functionsor activities.

After that, they bathed the body of the Buddhawith sandalwoods and oils and bestowed or lay uponthe sandalwoods crematorium or funeral pyre to burnthe body and candled it. Unfortunately body did notburn. They tried several times but aborted.

The Arahant and kings tried to burn the body ofthe Buddha too but, they also aborted. So the venerableAnuruddha, who is expert among the clairvoyant lookedfor the reasons behind the incident through his divinepower. Venerable Anuruddha saw VenerableMahakassyapa the great is coming for the cremation

Remarkable Qualities of Buddha Buddhi Chaudhary,

International Buddhist SocietyWat Thai Monastery, Lumbini

As the conflicts and problem havegrown in proportion, the five preceptsare applicable to society more than evenbefore. Five precepts are: abstainingfrom killing, stealing, sexualmisconduct, lying and addiction tointoxicants.


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a'=;+= @%^)

ceremony and that is the reasons why, the body unableto burn. At the same time, venerable Kassayapaapproached the crematorium place.

Determination of Venerable Kassaap-On his way to the Kusinara where there the

Buddha was fall his last breathe, for the cremationceremony, Venerable Mahakassyapa meets many peoplewith vivid colored flowers like Parasathu and Madaraetc on their hands heading towards the city. Accordingto the literature, these flowers could be seen grown inthe heaven only. Those flowers were worshiped by thedivine deities to the Buddha every morning and eveningthat were carrying on devotees to offer the Buddha.While, venerable Kassayap too looking to the peopleand walking towards the cremation hall, determined andmade wishes himself “Oh, if I could see the sacred footof the Buddha, how lucky, I would be”

Because of this determination of VenerableKassayap, though the Arahants, kings and ministerstried to burn the sandalwoods and oily bathed-body ofthe enlightened one could not burn. The mostwondrous incidents of the moment is, whenever,venerable Kassapa stepped near the death body andtried to bow his head down as a respect to the Buddha,the five hundreds of robes pulled automatically outand appeared his legs to be seen. Venerable Kassyapa’swish was also fulfilled. Making amazed to all theparticipants for the ceremony, thereafter, the bodystarted to burn itself. After few minutes, there wererains of the sweet smelling-flowers and honey uponthe burning body of the Buddha which extinguishedthe flame.

There were many other wonderful and marvelousincidents happened at the time. Whenever the flamegone out, the participated monks, sages or priest, kings,ministers and devotees opened the burnt body to see,what has happened? Alas! Except first and last robesamong those five hundreds remained un-burn and restof them were burnt, including the Buddha’s body. Therewere some relics to be seen and those elements weredivided in to eight parts.

Some of the relics were small and also there wereother which is invisible. Those scattered relics wererecognized as the elements of his forehead. Next relicswere recognized collar-bone and another were called atooth relic which is currently situated in Sri Lanka atKandy a hillside city.

After seeing those relics, all the monks, nuns,kings, ministers and devotees became verysympathetic and solemnity. They started to cry “Alas!This is the man who has thirty two virtuous qualitiesand who used to make sounds like lion’s roars, isn’the?”

In one hand, there were monks, nuns anddevotees still crying, and other hand kings andministers were fighting for the relics saying “Thoughthere are many main cities but Buddha came to ourcity and passed away so the relics belong to us,” theking Mallas expressed their appertained and ownership.There have been sculpted on the Sanchi Stupa aboutthis quarrel clearly. The Brahman Drona wonderfulamong the wondrous other sages interceded, interferedor intervened the quarrel of those kings and ministersand divided the relics in to each groups. While dividingthe relics, the Brahman hided three elements for himand others gave to the king, ministers and devotees.Among those relics, one he put in his cap-cell or mattedhairs. Another one put in his waist robes and the lastone put under his legs and hided with flowers.

These incidents were looking by the participantdeities from the up in the sky. While the Brahman wasintervening or interceding the quarrel of the kings andministers, the Sakka came down and took one relicsfrom the Brahman’s cap cell and built the golden pagodain Tavatisma heaven.

The kings from the Nags (Cobra or Snake) worldhave been come to see the cremation ceremony.Jayasena was the king of the Nags (Cobra or Snake)world. The king Jayasena took the relic which washiding under Brahman Drona’s feet and built the goldenpagoda to be worshipped by the “Virupakkha” snakesking. And relics hidden in waist robe of the Brahmanwere took by the devotees from the Gandharva kingdomand started to paying respect.

The left tooth relic was given to the kingdom ofKalinga, right collar-bone relic to the local people andleft collar bone was taken by the Arahat Suman. Theleft tooth relic kept by the local people hundred yearsand paid respect. Currently, the right collar-bone relicis residing in the Brahman world. And the left collar-bone relic was brought to Sri Lanka and sated upon theThuparama Pagoda which is considered as the firstpagoda in the country.

The protectors of this relic were by the venerableArahants. The relic of frontal (forehead) was given tothe venerable Sarabhu. He brought that frontal(forehead) relic to the Sri Lanka which was keptprotecting generation to generation after venerableSarabhu to venerable Chullapindapatik Tissa. Theking Kakavanna Tissa built the pagoda in the citySeruvila northern part of the country and sat the relicon it respectively. In present day, this pagoda wasrecognized as a Seruvila Pagoda where there theBuddha’s frontal (Forehead) relic is residing. Look howwonderful and marvelous the qualities of the


26

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enlightened one are. These wondrous qualities are notjust stories to be said and listened. These all happenedin ancient time two thousands and five hundred yearsago. There are lots of provable doctrines and evidencesto be proved in the Tri Pitaka and other historicalresources.

These are very few examples for the wonderfuland marvelous qualities of the Buddha. Not only thewonderful incidents but there chastened, cleared,fleckless, immaculate and cleaned or pure doctrines tooare realized and achieved or approached ultimatehappiness (Nabbana). Due to these sorts of wonderfuland marvelous qualities of the enlightened one, peoplestarted to like much and more and that was a problemsto the non-religious people, especially south Indian.

Due to those invading from the south India, therelics faced to many troubles. The most dangeroustrouble was faced by the tooth relic which was situatedin the kingdom of Kalinga country. Because of thoseinvasions, there were many damages and harms to therelics as well as destruction or deprivation to the monksand temples where they resided.

Though until 3rd and 4th century, there were notany troubles and problems in the country. During the5th century, the situation became worse. Historically, itwas the bad time for the country, Buddhism andcitizens. In this period Krishna and Vishnu’s teachingwere over powered the country. Whenever, in laterperiod Savagism dominated the country, much andmore damages and destructions began to occur. Theydestroyed Buddhist monasteries and pagodas, Buddhaimages were blown up or burst into small pieces andthousands of books were burnt. They killed thousandsof Buddhist monks and devotees too.

According to the historical evidences, during the8th century, one of the acutest or cruelest heathen calledSankharacharya destroyed whole Buddhistmonasteries, pagodas; Buddha images and killed orburnt thousands of monks putting inside one room.Whatever useful things there were, he possessed it.He annexed the Kanchi Pur Buddhist fortress to theHinduism. The damages continuously, they did andthat is quite long information. I should not mentionabout those information because it could be mentionedaccording to the time or time to time.

While destroying all those Buddhist sacredplaces in India, they came to know that Sri Lankans arepracticing Buddhism more deeply. They afraid, becauseof their misdeeds to the Buddhism in India, those SriLankan Buddhist will make trouble in back to them.During the 8th century, they composed a Ramayana tobe recited the qualities and reincarnations of Vishnuand they made Sri Lanka as the abodes (Kingdom) of

demons. They created the king of demons who abductthe wife prince Ram to the demons abode.

They made them feel that Sri Lankans are actingagainst the God Vishnu. They began to say that SriLankans are anti-God impious or sinful people. Killingto the impious and sinful is the duty of the righteousarmies. And during the 9th, 10th and 11th century, theytranscript all the Ramayana scripts from Sanskrit toTamil, Kannada and Malayalam languages which wasspoken by southern Indians. In every Hindu temple,they recited Ramayana. With these powers, during the10th century, Rajendra went to Sri Lanka and invadedwhole the country. Thereafter, from the 1017 to 1071 SriLanka was colonized by the Tamil (South Indian)government.

At the time, he brought Hindu faith andastrological prophesies to the country. He did spreadthese prophesies among the all Sinhalese. Meanwhile,in the interim, king Vijaya defeated back the Hinduinvasion and united the country again.

Thereafter the Kalinga Magha invaded the cityof Anuradhapura and Polannaruwa and destroyed allthe Buddhist monasteries, rich Buddha images andBuddhist libraries. He also killed the monks anddevotees.

Mahavansa quoted about it thus as a “Mara whocame to destroy the land of doctrine.’’ The best examplefor the above mentioned statements is temple of theGod Siva. Normally, we say that it was continuouslyabided or existed about 2500 years. But that is not true.After the war with Kalinga and Magha, the Polannaruwakingdom has been destroyed and disappeared due toisolations. Until 19th century, the kingdom wasenclosed with huge trees, grasses and it was the placehome of the tigers, lions, bears and dears. No signs ofhumans.

But, due to wonderful and marvelous qualities,dignity and nobleness, demarche or principled inpolicies exemplary and role modeling characteristics ofthe Buddha, Buddhism still remained as it was itsbeginning.

Before this baneful or destructive periods, in SriLanka lived the great Arahants. This arahants oftenwould fly with their celestial power to the heavens andagain to the earth and would protect the relics of theBuddha.

The left tooth relic of the Buddha which wasworshipped by the Nag king Jayasena was establishedat the bank of the Anoma River, on the Ramdhamapagoda where there the Nag king Mahakala used tobath. Later on that the left tooth relics of the Buddhawas professed on the rivers stream and got by the Nag


27

a'=;+= @%^)

king. He and his followers protect the tooth relics manyyears. Somehow, that tooth relics also went to Sri Lankaand the king Dutthagamini established the tooth relicson the huge pagoda called Ruwanveli Saya. At the sametime, building friendship with Nag king, venerableMahinda brought the right tooth relics of the Buddhato the country.

While everything was going good in the country,king Kakavanna tissa’s sister princess Somavathi gotmarried to his own brother’s son prince Giri Aba. Fewyears of time, both of them resided at city ofMagampura. Thereafter, they went to the SeruNagaram (in present day, it is recognized as Seruvilacity). The king of the Seruvila city accepted themhappily. He built city named “Soma” at the bank of theriver and gave it to the couple. They ruled the cityhappily and peacefully.

Wondrousness of princess Somavathi:-Princess Somavathi has a strong desire to build

the monasteries, pagodas and offer to the monks onthe name of the Buddha. One day, the couple invited atthe palace to the monks for the lunch and at the end ofthe ceremony, she expressed her desires of buildingmonasteries, pagodas and offer to the monks. It wasvery essential or necessary to find the relics out for thepagoda to be established. That necessities fulfilled bythe venerable Mahinda (above mentioned story)bringing the left tooth relics of the Buddha from theworld of Nag. Thus, we could build the monasteries,pagoda and residence hall for the well fare of the monks,nuns and lay devotees. During above mentionedKalinga Magha invasion this monastery and pagodaalso had destroyed.

In 1940, monks from the Mavathu monastery knowabout this valuable pagoda and walked out to the forestin search of it. In this journey of searching the pagoda,they became a destitute or lost ones way. Gradually,time moved from morning to be night. At night 11.PM,they saw the brightening light dazzling from one sideof the jungle. They walked towards the light. Few yardswalking, they found a huge one eight hundred yearsold dazzling with brightened light pagoda. After thisfinding, the faithful devotees could worship. Comparingto other marvelous pagodas in the country, it has avaluable quality of radiation (According to time being,it is dazzle with wonderful Buddha’s radiation).

Last time, whenever monks from the MahameunaMeditation Center built a nine inch Buddha image andbathed it with smelly water and flowers. They lightedthe lamps and offered flowers to the Buddha image.When the ceremony was over, making surprised to allthe participated faithful Buddhist devotees, the

radiation of the Buddha was appeared around theimage. After fifteen minutes dazzling, the radiationdisappeared again. What a marvelous and wondrousqualities of the Buddha.

Thus as, there are hundreds of incidentsconcerning about the remarkable and marvelousqualities of the Buddha that I am trying to impliesthroughout this article but not compare with otherreligions.

Even though, the passing away of the Buddhawas happened 2554 years ago, his wondrous andmarvelous quality still appears time to time. Imagine,think, and contemplate, all those great qualities of thisamazing man and put into practice to be affected torealize the ultimate happiness (Nibbana).

KKKKK

The 12th of Falgun 2073 appeared to bea memorable day inour annals. How for-tunate for “Ananda-Kuti Alumni Organi-zation” to hold aCondolence Gather-ing in fond memory ofMr. Neel Bir SinghKansakar, M.A.within the old highschool auditorium upManjushree Hillockon the auspicious oc-casion of Nepal Education Day itself. KansakarSir was the First Headmaster of ANANDA-KUTI VIDYAPEETH HIGH SCHOOL, theFirst Buddhist Residential High School of Nepalhistorically. He sadly passed away on the 8th ofDecember 2016 Thursday at the age of 85. Sev-eral distinguished guests including Dr. BhadraMan Tuladhar, Mr. Ghana Shyam Rajkarnikar,Mr. Pabitra Bir Singh Kansakar, Mr. Rajeev DharJoshi and Ms. Bina Kansakar spoke well on be-half of Kansakar Sir. By the ultimate grace ofKansakar Sir, the alma mater exists today.(Source : [email protected])

In Memory of Kansakar Sir !


28

a'=;+= @%^)

af}4 ultljlwj[4f>ddf a'4d"lt{ :yfkgf

# df3, sf7df8f}+ . clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sfdxf;lrj leIf' sf]08Gon] Ps wfld{s ;df/f]xaLr k|:t/sf]a'4k|ltdf wfld{s ljlwk"j{s cgfj/0f ug'{eof] . ;fg'afa';fold tyf eujfgb]jL dfgGw/, ;kl/jf/sf] ;xof]udf

;f]Ãv'§]l:yt j[4f>d -k'ln; rf}sL kl/;/_ df lbj+utlktf hf]ltif gf/fo0f dfgGw/ / lbj+ut dftf lrgLdfofdfgGw/sf] @% cf}+ k'0oltlysf] cj;/df ;f] a'4sf] d"lt{k|lt:yfkg ul/Psf] xf] . a'4k|ltdf cgfj/0fsf] pknIodfcfof]lht sfo{qmddf leIf';+3 tyf cgfufl/sf, pkf;spkfl;sfnufotsf] wfld{s e]nfdf ljz]if kl/qf0f kf7;DkGg ePsf] lyof] eg] pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ ef]hgsf] k|jGwul/Psf] lyof] .

e}/xjfdf leIf' ;Ldf u[x lgdf{0f x'g]@% df3, ?kGb]xL . rk/x6\6L, z+s/gu/l:yt

ljZj ;'vzflGt a'4ljxf/df y]/jfb ljgolgod cg';f/leIf' ;Ldfu[x lgdf{0f ug{ wfld{s ljlwk"[j{s ug'{kg]{ sfo{;DkGg ePsf]] 5 . clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf dxf;lrjleIf' sf]08Go tyf ;lrj leIf' /fx'n dxf:ylj/nufotg]kfnL leIf';+3sf] pkl:ylt tyf Dofgdf/sf leIf'k|1f>Lnufot ;lDdlnt leIf';+3sf]] pkl:yltdf ;Ldfu[xlgdf{0ffy{ ul/g'kg]{ ;Ldf ;d"xgg ljlwnufot ;+3sd{;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .

ljxf/sf] ;fwgfsIfdf cfof]lht wfld{s ;efdfclvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj leIf' sf]08Go,Dofgdf/sf Wofgu'? leIf' k|1f>L, ;f] ljxf/sf k|d'v leIf'ltnf]s tyf ljxf/ ;+rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf Sof= anaxfb'/u'?Ënufotn] dGtJo JoQm ug]{qmddf lgdf{0fflwg leIf';Ldfu[x ;dod}+ lgdf{0f xf];\ egL d}qLsfdgf ug'{eof] .

j[4 ;xf/f cf>dnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u% ku'g, kfNkf . a[4 ;xf/f cf>d tfg;]gsf

cWoIf ljZjdfg jh|frfo{sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg Pssfo{qmdaLr kfNkf >Lgu/ ;dfh xªsªsn] k|ltlglw;Nnfxsf/ ?k yfkfaf6 a[4 ;xf/f cf>dnfO{ ?= % nfvcfly{s ;xof]u x:tfGt/0f ug'{eof] . cf>dsf ;b:oa'l4k|;fb zdf{af6 cf>daf/] hfgsf/L;lxt :jfut ul/Psf]


29

a'=;+= @%^)

;f] sfo{qmd nf]sk|;fb 9sfnn] ;+rfng ug{'eof] .ljZjdfg jh|frfo{n] jt{dfg ;dodf cf>dsf]

cfjZostf /x]sf] dxz'; cfk\mgf] cWoIftfdf ( hgfsf]sfo{;ldlt u7g u/L @)%( r}q !% ut] cf>dsf];'?jft ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cf>ddf …PÚ…PÚ…PÚ…PÚ…PÚ Ans cWoIfljZjdfg jh|frfo{, /fh]Gb| sIfklt / a?0fk|;fb zdf{sf]cfly{s ;xof]un] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 .

o;/L g} a'4 hGde"ld n'lDagL kl/;/dftfg;]g÷kf]v/f lgjf;L dgf]x/fb]jL / 5f]/f ;'/]zdfga'4frfo{af6 ?= ! nfv, zf/bfb]jL / 5f]/f sljgdfga'4frfo{af6 ?= ! nfv, ljZjdfg / >Ldlt ;ljtfa'4frfo{af6 ?= ! nfv, O{Zjdfg / >Ldlt k"0f{nIdLa'4frfo{af6 ?= ! nfv, k'ikdfg / >Ldlt ozf]w/fa'4frfo{af6 ?= @ nfv x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . To:t}u/Lcf>dsf cWoIf ljZjdfg zfSo tyf pgsf efO pk]Gb|dfgjh|frfo{sf] ?= !) nfvsf] ;xof]udf …laÚ / …;LÚ Anslgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] ;'/]zdfg a'4frfo{af6 hfgsf/Lk|fKt ePsf] 5 .

k|j|lht bfx;+:sf/sf nflu ;xof]u!@ kmfu'g, sf7df8f}+ . wd{sLlt{ ljxf/ ;+/If0f

;ldlt sf]ifsf] cfof]hgfdf lbj+ut cgfufl/sf sdnfsf]$% cf}+ k'0oltlysf lbg leIf';+3, cgfufl/sf ;+3, of]ufDa/u'lysf] ;xeflutfdf ljz]if :d[lt;ef sfo{qmd ;DkGgeof] . clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj leIf'sf]08Go, cgfufl/sf ;+3sf cWoIf cgfufl/sf wDdjtL,w=;=;=sf]ifsf pkfWoIf b|Jodfgl;+x t'nfw/ -efO/fhf ;fx'_,of]ufDa/ u'lysf ;b:ox?n] af]Ng'ePsf] ;f] ;efdf k|j|lhtbfx;+:sf/sf nflu eljio;Dd ;xof]u x]t' wDdjtL u'?df+n]?= Psnfv tyf b|Jodfgl;+x t'nfw/ -efO/fhf ;fx'_ n]?= cf7nfv cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ug'{ePsf] ;dfrf/k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

:d/0fLo /xf];\, of]ufDa/ u'lyn] y]/jfbL k|j|lhtx?b]xfj;fg x'Fbf clGtd bfx;+:sf/ sd{ ug{ cfjZos;Dk"0f{

leIf' >4fgGb /x]gg\!@ kmfu'g, kf]v/f . wd{zLnf a'4ljxf/sf k|d'v

leIf' >4fgGb dxf:ylj/ &( jif{sf] pd]/df lgwg x'g'eof] .>4fn' bftfx?sf] nflu clGtd bz{gfy{ ljxf/s} wd{xnleq

/fvL !% ut] gu/kl/qmdf kl5 pxfFsf]clGtd bfx;+:sf/ ;DkGg ul/of] .

gbLk'/l:yt wd{zLnf a'4ljxf/kl/jf/n] kmfu'g @! ut] lbj+ut leIf'>4fgGbsf] k'0o:d[ltdf u'0ffg':d/0f:d[lt ;efsf] cfof]hgf u/L >bf~hnL

ck{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .lj= ;+= !(($ kmfu'g !( ut] dlxgfdf kf]v/fdf

dftf b'uf{s'df/L sfo:y tyf lktf ?b|s'df/ sfo:ysf];'k'qsf] ?kdf hlGdPsf /Tgs'df/ sfo:yn] lj= ;+= @)$%>fj0f ( ut] leIf' clg?4 dxf:ylj/sf] pkfWofoTj tyfcfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGb dxf:ylj/sf] cfrfo{Tjdf P]ltxfl;scfgGbs'6L ljxf/, :jo\De"df Ps}lbg >fd0f]/ tyf pk;DkbfbLIff k|fKt u/]sf lyP .

sl/a @* jif{;Dd k|j|lht hLjg latfpg'ePsfpxfF g]kfn ljkZogf s]Gb|cGtu{t ;+rflnt ljkZogf Wofgsfcfrfo{ ;d]t x'g'x'GYof] .

u'0ffg':d/0f lbj; ;DkGg@! kmfu'g, sf7df8f}+ . k|yd lqlk6sfrfo{

P]ltxfl;s leIf', ;+3pkgfos Pj+ cfgGbs'6L ljxf/sfk|d'v leIf' s'df/s f Z o kdxf:ylj/sf] % cf}+k'0oltly lbj;-lbj+ut M @)^*kmfu'g !$_ tyfa ' 4 l j x f /

e[s'6Ld08k, af}4 j[4f>dnufot ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf;+:yfks k|d'v leIf' ;'d+un dxf:ylj/sf] !* cf}+ k'0oltly-lbj+ut M @)%% kmfu'g @@_ lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/L ;+o'Qm?kdfpxfFx?sf] a'4zf;lgs of]ubfgnfO{ :d/0f u/L leIf';+3af6;fd"lxs kl/qf0f kf7 ;DkGg eof] . cfgGbs'6L ljxf/sfsfo{jfxs ljxf/ k|d'v leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/n] u'0ffg':d/0faf/] pkb]z ug'{eof] eg] a'4ljxf/sf k|d'v Pj+ cfrfo{ leIf's'df/ sfZod wfld{s sf]ifsf cWoIf leIf' sf]08Gon] lbj+utdxf:ylj/ leIf'x?sf] a'4zf;lgs of]ubfg;lxt pxfFx?sf];+lIfKt lrgf/L k|:t't ub}{ a'4ljxf/sf] k'gMlgdf{0f;DaGwLhfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08kdf cfof]lhtu'0ffg':d/0f lbj;df @% hgf leIf';+3nfO{ bfgk|bfg, ef]hgbfg, pkl:yt bftfx?nfO{ ef]hgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf];dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .


30

a'=;+= @%^)

P]ltxfl;s cfgGbs'6Ldf leIf' ;Ldf u[x k'gMlgdf{0f M ljgosd{ ;DkGg@% kmfu'g, :jo\De" . P]ltxfl;s cfgGbs'6L ljxf/df

y]/jfb ljgolgod cg';f/ leIf' ;Ldfu[x k'gMlgdf{0f ug{wfld{s ljlwk"[j{s ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]] 5 . g]kfnsf;+3pkgfos Pj+ clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf cWoIfcUudxfkl08t 8f= leIf' 1fgk"l0f{s dxf:ylj/sf] pkl:ylt,g]kfnL leIf';+3sf] pkl:ylt tyf >Ln+sfsf leIf'x? l;l/;u'0f,;/0f gfos, ;'dgj+z, rGb|/Tg tyf lhgj+zsf] pkl:yltdf;Ldfu[x k'gMlgdf{0ffy{ ul/g'kg]{ ;Ldf ;d"xggsDdjfrf tyf;Ldf ;Dd'ltsDdjfrf ljlwnufot ;+3sd{ ;DkGg ul/Psf]5 .

@)&@ ;fnsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:tP]ltxfl;s cfgGbs'6L ljxf/nfO{ >Ln+sf ;/sf/sf] cfly{s

;xof]udf k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{ b|'t ultdf eO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;f]xL k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{of]hgfcGtu{t g} leIf' ;Ldfu[xsf] k'gMlgdf{0fsfo{ yfngL ug{sf nflu ;+3 ljlwsd{ cyf{t\ ljgolgod cg';f/ wfld{s cg'i7fg ljlw ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . :d/0fLo/xf];\, g]kfndf y]/jfb a'4zf;gsf] k'ghf{u/0fkl5 P]ltxfl;s cfgGbs'6L ljxf/d}+ lj= ;+= @))* ;fndf ;j{k|yd leIf';Ldfu[x wfld{s ljlwk"j{s lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

s'njL/ l;+x -8an;fx'_ sf] lgwg@) kmfu'g, sf7df8f}+ . of]ufDa/ u'lysf cWoIf

pkf;s s'njL/ l;+x t'nfw/() jif{sf] pd]/df lgwgx'g'eof] . :jo\De" ljsf;d08n, lbu'VoM u'ly, pbfo;dfhnufot lj leGg;+w;+:yfl;t cfj4 eO{wfld{s, ;fdflhs Pj+pBf ]uJoj;fodf ;d]tof ]ubfg k'¥ofpg'ePsfpxfFnfO{ 8an ;fx'sf] ?kdf;d]t lrlgG5 . lbj+ut

s'njL/ l;+x t'nfw/ af}4 dlxnf ;+3, g]kfnsf dxf;lrjdL/f Hof]ltsf lktf x'g'x'G5 .

@! ut] s0f{bLkdf clGtd ;+:sf/ ug]{ qmddfg]kfnsf ;+3pkgfos, clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf cWoIfleIf' 1fgk"l0f{s dxf:ylj/nufot leIf';+3 tyf cgfufl/sfwDdjtLsf] ;xeflutfdf d[tsj:q bfg, kl/qf0f kf7;DkGg ul/of] .

leIf' ;fu/wDd ;Ddflgt@@ k'if, n'lDagL . /fhsLo a'4ljxf/, n'lDagLsf

wdf{g'zf;s leIf' ;fu/wDdnfO{>Ln+sfsf] k|ltli7t ;+:yfcgful/s wDdkfn kl/ifb\n];+:yf :yfkgfsf] $^ cf}+ jif{tyf cgful/s wDdkfnsf] !%@cf}+ hGd hoGtLsf] cj;/df ut@$ l8;]Da/ @)!^ sf lbguf}/jdo ljZjsLlt{ >L ;4Ddljzf/b pkflw k|bfg ul/Psf]5 . pxfFnfO{ k|fKt ;Ddfgsf]

sb/ u/L /fhsLo a'4ljxf/df cfof]lht sfo{qmdfk|d'v cltly n'lDagL af}4 ljZj ljBfnosf l8g eb|/Tgjh|frfo{, wdf]{bo pk;ldltsf ;b:o of]u]Gb|/Tg t'nfw/,>Ln+sg dxfaf]lw ljxf/sf k|d'v leIf' gGb, 1fgdfnf ;+3,tfg;]gsf cWoIf ljgo/fh jh|frfo{, 1fgdfnf ;ef,tfg;]gsf sf=jf= cWoIf a'4/Tg zfSo, ljZj ;'vzflGta'4ljxf/sf cWoIf anaxfb'/ u'?Ë, >Ln+sf lj>fd u[xsfDofg]h/ ljho/Tg, k'/ftTj ljefusf sfo{qmd clws[t-n'=lj=sf]_ s[i0f s]= ;L=, dfofb]jL k|ultzLn cfdf ;d"xsf;lrj lg? uf}tdnufotn] awfO{ 1fkg;lxt z'esfdgfdGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] ;drf/ k|fKt eof] .


31

a'=;+= @%^)

leIf';+3sf] Pslbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg!$ kmfu'g, sfe|] .

clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sfcWoIf Pj+ ;+3pkgfos leIf'1fgk"l0f {s dxf:ylj/sf];efkltTjdf lgb]{lzsf hf/Lug]{;DaGwL Pslbg] sfof{zfnf uf]i7L w'lnv]n l/;f]6{l:yt/fhdlt sIfleq ;DkGg eof] . ljxf/ k|d'v tyf k|ltlglw;+3;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] klxnf] ;qdf dxf;+3sfdxf;lrj leIf' sf]08Goaf6 sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cf}lrTotfaf/] k|sfz kfg{'eof] eg] pkfWoIf leIf' wd{d"lt{ dxf:ylj/af6 :jfut dGtAo tyf sf]iffWoIfaf6 ;fw'jfb 1fkgug'{eof] .

b'tLo ;qdf ljleGg ;dGjo pk;ldltcGtu{tleIf' /fx'nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf kl/qf0f, dxfkl/qf0f tyf k"hf;dGjo pk;ldlt, leIf' sf]lntsf] ;+of]hsTjdf k|j|Hoftyf pk;Dkbf ;+3sfo{ ;dGjo pk;ldlt, leIf' wd{d"lt{sf];+of]hsTjdf :jf:Yo ;dGjo pk;ldlt, yf leIf' lkob:;Lsf];+of]hsTjdf k|rf/k|rf/ k|;f/ ;dGjo pk;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgk|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+of]hsx?af6 k|ltj]bg k|:t'ltkl5;d"xt 5nkmn u/L lgisif{df hfg cGtdf ;fd"lxs5nkmn;Fu} lgb]{lzsf nfu' ug{sf nflu cWoIf leIf' 1fgk"l0f{sdxf:yl/n] pkl:yt ;a} ;+3;b:ox?nfO{ tLgk6sk|ltj4tf ofrgf u/fpg'eof] . sfo{sfl/0fL ;b:o leIf'lkob:;Lsf] ;+of]hsTj tyf sfo{sfl/0fL ;b:o leIf' ;/0f+s/sf] ;xof]udf ;DkGg Pslbg] sfof{zfnf uf]i7L dxf;+3s}cfly{s Joj:yfkgfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ k|fKtePsf] 5 .

;fy} cfufdL r}q !^ ut] a'4jf/ tyf !& ut]laxLjf/sf lbg clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf] b'O{lbg]jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef Pj+ gofF sfo{;ldltsf] rog dxf;+3s}k|wfg sfof{no ljZjzflGt ljxf/, gofF afg]Zj/df x'g]hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

j[4f>dnfO{ ;xof]u

lbj+ut leIf' ;'d+un dxf:ylj/af6 :yflkttyf xfn a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08kaf6 ;+/lIft ag]kfsf]af}4 j[4f>dnfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/, cf>d ;+rfngfy{s'g}klg ?kdf >4fn' bftfx?af6 ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5,oxfFx?sf] cfly{s ;xof]un] dfq cf>dnfO{ lg/Gt/tflbg ;lsg] ePsfn] j[4f>d ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fVb5 .

o;}qmddf j[4f>dsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ lgDgbftfx?nfO{ j[4f>dsf] tkm{af6 xflb{s ;fw'jfb JoQmub{5 .!_ k|]dsfhL zfSo, ag]kfaf6 ?= %))).-@_ :jo\De"jL/l;+x s+;fsf/, k'tnL;8saf6 ?= #))).#_ k|]d/Tg zfSo, ag]kfaf6 ?= @))).-$_ u0f]zdfof j}B, ag]kfaf6 ?= @))).-%_ s[iff sfo:y, ag]kfaf6 ?= @))).-^_ dfl0fs zfSo, ag]kf ?= !))).-&_ wd{dfg t'nfw/, sfnf]k'naf6 ?= !))).-*_ ;]gf lbj;sf] pknIodf CAN Federation

Kavre, ICT Agriculture Community kavre,Rotery Club of Kavre af6 rfdn ^) s]hL,bfn & s]hL, t]n % ln=, lk7f] ^ s]hL, lrgL %s]hL, lrof ! s]hL, g"g % kfs]6, la:s'6 ^)k'l/of, b"w !), u]8fu'8L % s]hL cf>dnfO{ ;xof]uk|fKt . -kmfu'g !$ ut]_

(_ lbj+ut bzdl0f zfSo tyf sflG5dfof zfSosf]:d[ltdf k|]dsfhL zfSo kl/jf/af6 ef]hg -df3 @*_

cWoIf, leIf' sf]08GocWoIf, leIf' sf]08GocWoIf, leIf' sf]08GocWoIf, leIf' sf]08GocWoIf, leIf' sf]08Go

af}4 j[4f>d, ag]kfkmf]gM )!!–^^@*$(, -tLg bf]af6f] x'Fb} gfnfhfg] Wofgdfu{_

gu/ ;Dks{ M a'4ljxf/ e[s'6Ld08k, kmf]gM (*%!)$^!**, $@@^&)@

j[4f>dnfO{ ;xof]u

clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef tyfgofF sfo{;ldltsf] rog lgDg pNn]lvt lbg / ;dodf x'g]

;+3;b:ox?nfO{ cf1fg';f/ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .cf1fg';f/

leIf' sf]08Godxf;lrj, c=g]=le=dxf;+3

lbg M @)&# r}q !^ ut] a'wjf/ / !& ut] lalxjf/:yfg M ljZjzflGt ljxf/, gofF afg]Zj/, laxfg * ah]b]lv

;+3;b:ox?nfO{ clvn g]kfn leIf' dxf;+3sf] ;"rgf


32

a'=;+= @%^)

the ananda bhoomi 2017 a'=; += @%^) · the ananda bhoomi 2017 3 a'=; += @%^)...

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