Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Departamento de Fsica

ptica e Informao Quntica na UFSC

Eduardo Inacio Duzzioni

INCT de Informao Quntica

Sumrio

Introduo ptica Quntica

Nobel de Fsica 2012

Computao Quntica

Informao Quntica

Problemas de Interesse

Concluses e perspectivas

Introduo ptica Quntica

Max Planck (1900) Radiao de corpo negro

h=6,62.10-34 J.s constante de Planck

E=h

Albert Einstein (1905) Efeito fotoeltrico

h = W+K

W = h0 - Funo trabalho

K Energia cintica dos eltrons

Niels Bohr (1913) Modelo atmico

2

1

nE

Theodore Harold Maiman Inventor do 1 laser (16/05/1960)

Laser - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Caractersticas da radiao laser:

Monocromtica

Pouca divergncia do feixe

Coerncia de fase

Teoria Quntica da Luz

Roy J. Glauber Nobel de Fsica 2005

COHERENT AND INCOHERENT STATES OF RADIATION FIELD

ROY J. GLAUBER, PHYSICAL REVIEW 131, 2766 (1963) Times Cited: 3.875

QUANTUM THEORY OF OPTICAL COHERENCE

ROY J. GLAUBER, PHYSICAL REVIEW 130, 2529 (1963) Times Cited: 1.995

PHOTON CORRELATIONS

ROY J. GLAUBER, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 10, 84 (1963) Times Cited: 699

Citaes > 15.000

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Estados qunticos da radiao

Funo P de Glauber

0

2

!

2

n

n

nn

e

Estado coerente (LASER ideal)

a

P Funo de quase-probabilidade:

P0 campo clssico

Quantizao da radiao

A quantizao da radiao era realmente necessria?

A quantizao do campo de radiao 1927 por Dirac.

Efeito fotoeltrico No (Scully e Sargent 1985)

Efeito Compton No (Dodd 1983)

Lamb shift No (Crisp e Jaynes 1969)

... Apenas quantizao da matria!

Propriedades Estatsticas do

Campo de Radiao - Fotodeteco

Funo de correlao de segunda ordem:

e

Nobel de Fsica 2012 Serge Haroche

Colloquium: Manipulating quantum entanglement with atoms and photons in a cavity

Raimond, JM; Brune, M; Haroche, S, REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS 73, 565 (2001)

1.135 citaes

Observing the progressive decoherence of the ''meter'' in a quantum measurement

Brune, M; Hagley, E; Dreyer, J; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 77, 4887 (1996)

1.031 citaes

Generation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs of atoms

Hagley, E; Maitre, X; Nogues, G; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 79, 1 (1997).

MANIPULATION OF PHOTONS IN A CAVITY BY DISPERSIVE ATOM-FIELD COUPLING -

QUANTUM-NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS AND GENERATION OF SCHRODINGER CAT

STATES

BRUNE, M; HAROCHE, S; RAIMOND, JM; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW A 45, 5193 (1992).

Total de citaes > 16.000

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Eletrodinmica quntica de cavidades

Cavidade

supercondutora

Atomos de

Rydberg

Forno

Zonas de

Ramsey

Detector

Algumas realizaes

Oscilaoes de Rabi do vcuo Colapsos e ressurgimentos:

Necessidade da quantizao

do campo da cavidade

+ realizaes

Estado do tipo gato de Schrdinger

Estados emaranhados (campo-campo, campo-tomo

e tomo-tomo)

Medida da decoerncia

Medida direta da Funo de Wigner

Teste de fundamentos da Mecnica Quntica

Portas lgicas qunticas

Nobel de Fsica 2012 David Wineland

DEMONSTRATION OF A FUNDAMENTAL QUANTUM LOGIC GATE

MONROE, C; MEEKHOF, DM; KING, BE; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 75, 4714 (1995).

Citaes 990

Experimental entanglement of four particles

Sackett, CA; Kielpinski, D; King, BE; et al., NATURE 404, 256 (2000).

Citaes 843

A ''Schrodinger cat'' superposition state of an atom

Monroe, C; Meekhof, DM; King, BE; et al., SCIENCE 272, 1131 (1996).

Cites 785

Generation of nonclassical motional states of a trapped atom

Meekhof, DM; Monroe, C; King, BE; et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 76, 1796 (1996).

Citaes 739

Citaes > 22.000

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Realizaes

Resfriamento de ons apriosionados na armidilha

de Paul (primeiro passo!)

Construo de estados no clssicos vibracionais

de um nico on

Computao quntica universal

Medidas de fases topolgicas

Emaranhamento de ions

Medidas precisas (definio da escala de

tempo)

Computao quntica escalvel (quase)

Computao Quntica

Lei de Moore - 1965

Tamanho dos

transistores

atuais: 45 nm.

Raio atmico: 1

nm ~ 10 nm.

Origens

Richard Feynman- 1982

Como simular

eficientemente

sistemas qunticos?

Origens

Deutsch - 1985

Quais os limites para

a computao?

A computao

Fsica!

qubit - bit quntico

0 1ou/e

1sin0cos ie

Estado de Superposio

Exemplos de qubits

O spin nuclear;

O eltron e o spin eletrnico em nanoestruturas

semicondutoras;

Dois estados atmicos;

Ftons: estados de polarizao e nmero;

Fluxo do campo magntico

em uma juno Josephson.

Vantagens do processamento quntico

Fatorao em ns primos

Algoritmo de Grover (1995)

clssico

quntico

Algoritmo de fatorao de P. Shor (1994)

Informao Quntica

Mecnica

Quntica?

Classicamente A e B tem acesso a mesma quantidade de informao.

Discrdia quntica

Estados separveis correlacionados quanticamente

Estado com discrdia quntica no-nula.

Correlao alm do emaranhamento.

Linhas de pesquisa

Fases geomtricas (M. V.

Berry 1984) - So fases que

dependem apenas do

caminho que o estado

percorre.

Computao quntica geomtrica

Resistncia a alguns tipos de erros! Erros de Flutuaes Experimentais

Proteo de estados qunticos

where

Computao quntica dissipativa

Computao quntica contnua no tempo

Correlaes Clssicas e Qunticas

Concluses e perspectivas

A quantizao da radiao aprofundou o nosso

conhecimento sobre a natureza.

O controle experimental de sistemas qunticos

individuais nos permitiu confirmar todas estas

hipteses.

Computador quntico.

A natureza a informao que temos acesso?

Obrigado pela

ateno!

Contact: duzzioni@gmail.com