pp t qual software

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The Role of Qualitative

Software in Analysis

Copyright 2007 ResearchTalk Inc.

.ResearchTalk [email protected]

Solid Foundation in Place

|Software is a Useful Tool But NottheSolution to Analysis Challenges.

|Qualitative software packages offer a genericset of processes attractive to a wide variety ofresearchers who cut across a range ofqualitative traditions.


| 3 Feature Programs for this Presentation:z ATLAS.tiz MAXQDAz NVIVO


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Understanding Software via

the Literature about It.| Tesch (1990) effectively described matches between

Analysis Types and Software Tools.

| Weitzman and Miles (1994) and Fielding and Lee(1998) address theory work and layout the evolvingconvergence of functionality across major packages.

| Creswell and Maietta (2002) and Lewins and Silver(2007) compare packages via a presentation offunctions common for a range of qualitative analysis


.

| Maietta (2006) pushes the notion of integratingsoftware with qualitative analysis, thus prioritizing theresearchers role in the process.

Qualitative Software Evolution

| Conver ence of functionalit =convergence of methodology and software

|The differences that currently exist are nowmore stylistic and based on issues relatedto the look and feel of the program, ratherthan concrete methodological and design


.|The most significant changes surround the

code and retrieve process.


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Beyond Code and Retrieve

| Work with inductive or deductivecategories

| Write detailed memos

| Begin analysis within software before,or without, coding


codes.

| Diagram ideas with modeling tools.

3 System architecture ofqualitative software

zDocument system work with a range of datatypes (text, text with images, images, audio,and/or video)

zCategory system categorize, compare andassess patterns in data.

zMemo system write notes and monitorevolving ideas throughout your analysis.


The guidelines of your qualitative approachdetermine what documents and categories youuse when and how and why you use memos.


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Supplemental Tools

zInitial Document Review Tools simulate off-screenhighlighting of text with margin notes.

zQuestion and Answer Tools find instances of co-occurrences in text and compare along demographiclines.

zDiagramming Functions draw potential anddiagnosed connections you discover in text.


.They increase your ability to stay close to your data,entertain alternative descriptions of what you find andaccess information you record.

Qualitative Analysis(Software Use) Cycle

Access

Organize


Reflect


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Qualitative Analysis

(Software Use) Cycle

AccessOrganize


Reflect

The Users Role

|The secret to peaceful co-existence:

z Researc er must contro w at sdone when

zThe language and structure ofsoftware should not interfere



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Advantages of Qualitative

Software

tool for organization of and access to

qualitative data

| Project design, analysis and

conclusions are all user driven.


| o ware a van ages are es

witnessed via an outline of thequalitative analysis process.

Disadvantages?| Careful application of qualitative software depends on

two main user characteristics:

z nowe ge o qua a ve anays s an a ex e pos ureto working with qualitative data.

zComfort with computers and confidence in their use.

| Qualitative software use in and of itself is notproblematic.

zMost problems involve an over-reliance on codes as a


.

zOpen reading of text, memo writing and diagrammingshould supplement the use of codes in analysis.


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Qualitative software does not dictatewhere to begin analysis. Three sets oftools assist early analysis.| Tools for O en TextRevie


| Tools for Memo Writing

| Tools for Categorization

Simulate off-screenhighlighting of textATLAS.ti and MAXQDA containspecific functionality for marking and



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MAXQDA Color Code and MemoSystem


Quotations in ATLAS.ti



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Advantages of Computerized

Text Highlighting

during first reads of text.

| Work with lists of segment names toassess the range of topics that exist inyour data.


| agram sec ons o scuss on w n

documents to create data collectionEpisode Profiles

Episode Profiles



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Loose Data Review or


ATLAS.ti Memo System



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MAXQDA Memo System


NVIVO Code and Annotation



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Codework -Demographics

Loose Data Review or


ATLAS.ti Code System



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MAXQDA Code System


NVIVO Code System

| Hierarchical Display, can be flat if.



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Demographic Filters - MQ


Q & A and TheoryWork



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ATLAS.ti Code Review


NVIVO Grouped FindResults



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MAXQDA Code Relations

Browser


NVIVO Matrix Search



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ATLAS.ti Network View



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MAX Maps


NVIVO Models



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Questions? Misc.

| Interaction with Quantitative Data

z Import and describe attributes

z Export counts and quantitative data

| Cost


| ??

Choosing Software

| Po ularit NOT a reliable strate

| Dont expect software to change yourmethod

| Consider analysis approach beforesoftware choice


| Data format and depth of theoreticalpursuit narrow choice


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Defining State of the Art

| ComputerSophistication

| Invite QualitativeO tions

z Reliability

z ProjectManagement

z ConvenienceFeatures

z Flexibility

z Fluidity


Drag and drop

Sensible menus Screen look and

feel

Qualitative Resource List

Charmaz, K. 2000. Grounded theory: objectivist and constructivist methods. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S . Lincoln (Eds.),Handbook of qualitative research, 2nd ed., pp. 509-535. Sage.

Clarke, A. E., 2005. Situational Analysis: Grounded theory after the postmodern turn. Sage.Creswell, J . W. 1998. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage.Creswell, J .W. & Maietta, R.C. 2001. Systematic Procedures of Inquiry and Computer Data Analysis Software for

Qualitative Research. In Handbook of Research Design and SocialMeasurement, 6th Edition, Salkin, N.J . Sage.

Denzin, N. & Lincoln, Y. eds, (1998). Strategies of qualitative inquiry (Handbook of qualitative research paperback edition ,Vol 2) Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage

Denzin, N. & Lincoln, Y. 1994, 2000. Handbook of qualitative research. 1st, (2nd ed.) Sage.Fielding, N. & Lee, R. (1998). Computer analysis and qualitative research.Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage

Lewins and Silver (2007). Using Software in Qualitative Analysis. Sage: Thousand Oaks. Lofland, John, LynLofland. 1984. Analyzing Social Settings. Wadsworth.

Maietta, Raymond C. (2006). State of the Art: Integrating Software with Qualitative Analysis. In Improving Aging andPublic Health Research: Qualitative and MixedMethods. Leslie Curry, Renee Shield and Terrie Wetle, (Eds.)Washington, DC: American Public Health Association and the Gerontological Society of America

Patton. M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SageSeidel, J ohn 1998. Appendix E: Qualitative Data Analysis. In The ETHNOGRAP H 5.0 Manual. Thousand Oaks, CA.


.

Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative Research: Analysis Types and Software Tools. New York: Falmer Press.Weitzman & Miles (1995). Computer Programs for Qualitative Analysis. Sage: Thousand Oaks

On-Line Sources

ResearchTalk - Qualitative Research Consulting and Professional DevelopmentSoftware Sales www.researchtalk.comFQS Forum Qualitative Social Research athttp://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/fqs-eng.htmComputer Qualitative Data Analysis Software Network (CQDAS) at http://caqdas.soc.surrey.ac.uk/index.htmDr. Donald Ratcliff (N.D.) Notes for five part seminar on qualitative research.

http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/dratcliff/qual/

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