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Ha Mecropo)f(}l;eHHH qapKo-PenOHJl.O' PYAHbte rena cocpe.o;oro'leHbi B caMoif BepXHeii 'laCTH pa3pe3a <}>opM3UHH 3nb-Ko6pe (eM_. pnc. 58). BMewaJOUiaH rorr .. ma npe.ncraBrreHa ry4JaMH, arrroMeparaMH H ry4J<}>nraMH aHJ],e3HTosoro cocrasa. Ty4Jhl rpy6oJepHUcrbre, JIHTOKJiaCTHt~eci<ue, co.o;ep:>Kar T01fH30HTbi ry<}>q6peK­'IHH H ry4JoarrroMeparoB . CpeJJ.H 3THX uopo.n Bcrpet~aJOrcH npo1111acrKH HJBecr­HHKOB u TY4>4>HTos. B sepXHeii 'laCTH pa3pe3a paasuni ropn30HTI>I H3BecTHJIKOB qapKo-PeAOHAO, KOTOpbte nepeKpblBaJOTCJI TeppHTCHHbiMH OTJIOJKeHH.IIMH cfx>p­MllUHH CaH-llync.

Py,D;br Mecropo)f(}l;eHUR npHypot~eHbt K rpeM 1111acraM synKaHoreHHo-oca,uoq, HbiX nopoA s enocpeAcrseHHO DOA H3BecrHJIKaMH qapKo..PeAOHAO. PyAHbie Ja-

219

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PHc. 59. CxeMa1WiecKHA reonont'leCKHA pa3pe3 MeCTOpolK)J.elUIH 3Jlb-KHtrTO. CoCTasneH P. Ka6p-epon no ll3HilblM ~- CHMoHca H ,Illl(. C-rpa'lexa [lOS ]

i - COBPeMCIIHhle OTJIO>KeHKR:j 2 - TeppH1'CHHO·I<Bp60H8THbiC OTJIO>KeHHll cpe):I­Hero-Bepxaero :Jo~eHa (¢>opMaU,Hll Caa-Jlyltc); 3,4 - ByJIKaHoreHao-oca,aO'IHall ¢>opMa­Wfll 3nh·Ko6pe (naneoueH-cpeJJ.HilH !'lou.ea) .: 3 - Kap6oaaTHble nopoAbl, 4 - TYcPhl j

· 5,6 ..:_ r.lera~~M&TH'Jeq<:lie o6pa30BBHHil: 5 - ' OKliCJibf MapraHUa (py,o;Hble ~nacrbl He 3a'lep­HeHbl) , 6 - KpeMIIHCTble OOpO,!J;J>I (':6aHilTbl"); 7 - pa9pblBHble HapyweHHII

f

0 M ~ {j 8 10 12 '" ffi 18 20 22 .. , r-::::.'1 ~

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PHc. 60. BHyTpeHHee c-rpoeHHe ruracToo6pa9Horo pyJJ.Horo rena MapraHUeBoro MeCTopoll(· ,aeHHJI Jloo-qHeoc, no E.A. CoxonoeoA [44)

1 - M8p1'8HUCBble PY.!l.bl C pen>~KaTBMH HC3aMewellHbiX nopOAj 2,3 - BYliK8H01'CI{H0· o6nOMO'IHble nopOAbi: 2 - JICBMMHTOBOH CTYKTypbl, 3 - nce¢>1iTOBOH CTpYKTYPbl

JJe)f(H B o6meM HMeror IDiacroo6pa3HyiO <PopMy; BHyrpeHHee HX crpoeHHe orrpe­n.enHeTclf pa3HOH creiTeHhiO MeracoMaTHtlecKoro 3aMemeHH.!I OKHcnaMH MapraH­ua (ron.opOKHTOM) cpep;HeJepHHctoro o6noMOtiHOro MaTpHKca 6onee rpy6o-3epHHCThiX arnoMepaTOB. llBa 6oraTbiX PYAOHOCHbtX ropH30Hra yc-raHOBJleHbi cpeAJ{ H3BecrHHKOB tiapKo-Pep;oHn,o, rne pyn.or ITO'ITH ua~eno 3aMemaiOt npo­IDiacrKH BYJlKaHOreHHO-ocan,otiHbiX ITOpon,. nouo6Hbie npocnoH MOlU}IOCTblO OKOnO 1 M paCIIOJJaralOTCR B 5- 12 M BbiWe rOpH30HTa OCHOBaHH.!I H3BeCTHRKOB. Pyni>I con,ep>l<aT 30-50% MapraH~a.. BMecre c 6onee 6eAHbiMH pynaMH OHH npocne>l<eHbi Ha pacctolfHIDl p;o 2 KM. B ocHoBaHHH PYAHbiX 3aJie)!(eH "tfacro IIpHCYTCIByiOT JlHH3bi, rHe3A3 H He6onblliHe IIpOCJIOH KpeMHHCTbiX ITOpOA

220

(''6aH.!It" ) , p33BHB3IOI.lUlXC.!I TOJlhKO IIO 06JIOMOttHbiM ByJIK3HH'IeCKHM nopon,aM H l.fHOrna BMeiUaiOUlHX HefiOJthiiJHe "KapM3Hbt" OKHCJIOB Mapraa~a. 3TO IlpH· n.aer HH>I<Heii rpaHHJ.(e pyn,oaocHhrx ren npHtl)'.lJJlHBoie H3BHJIHCToie oqepraHHa. BepXH.!I.!I rpaHH~a PYJl:HbiX ren, o6ycnosneHHa.!l KOHtaKTOM synKaHoreHHbiX nopon, C BbillleJle)!(alUHMH H3BeCTH.!IK3MH, 3Ha"tfHtenbHO 6onee '!eTKa.!l.

, ,npynfM IlpHMepOM MapraHJ.(eBblX npO.!IBJleHJ.IH paHOHa MO)!(et cnyJ!illTb Mecropo>I<)J.eHHe 3nb-lvmro, Haxon,llmeec.!l ceBepHee r. Ca!irMrro-ne-Ky6a. ·Ha HeM a ornu'!He or tiapKo-Pen.oano BMewaiOIUHe noponbi i:rpencranneHhr ronbKO BynKaHoreHHo-ocanolJHbiMH omo)!(eHHJlMH <PopMaUHH 3m-Ko6pe (eM. pHc. 58 H 59). PYAHbie rena Janerator B ry<Pax, ry<l><PHrax, ry<PoarnoMepa­rax H KJJacronanax, o6pa3yH rpu caMocroHrenbHbiX ITJlacra, H3 KoropbiX AJ!a sepXHHX JIBJilflOTC.!I OCHOBHhlMH (CM. pHC. 59). llpH MOlUHOCTH 12- 15 M OHH npOCJie:ll<eHhJ C IIepepoiB3MH Ha 3H3'1HTeJibHOe paCCTORHHe - AO 1 KM, HO cpen­Hee con.ep)l(aHHe MapraH~a B HHX HeBbiCoKoe - nopHAKa 16- 17%. BepXHee pyn,HOe reno H3XO}l.HTC.!I B 15 M OT ilO)l.OIUBbl H3BeCTHJIKOB l!apKo-Peuoano. B uenoM npon,yKTHBHhiH muepsan pa3pe3a ITO BeprHKaJIH cocrasnRer 40-50 M Ha rore II B UCHTp(_l]Jbl"fOH '!3CTH MeCtOpO)!()l,eHW.!I, a Ha ceBepe 3aMeTHO MeHbWe. TaKOe COKpameHHe MOUlHOCTeH ofiycnoBJieHO OTHOCHTeJlbHblM C6JlH)!(eHHeM PYAHbiX IDJacr oB Ja cqer BbiKJlHHHBaHHR Me)l(pyAHhiX HHrepsanoB. B ocHoBa­HHH pynHblX JaJie>l<eH 06bJliHO H30JllOAaJOTClf KpeMHHCTble MeTaCOMaTH'!eCKHe nopOAbi nepeMeHHOH MOIUHOCTH. TeKcrypbr pyn raKHe >Ke, KaK H Ha Apymx Il0A06HDIX MeCTOpo)I()J.eHH.!IX; CBOeo6pa3He 33KJllo'l.aeTC.!I B HaJIH'IHH MHOfO· 'IHCJleHHblX KCeHOJIHTOB BMeUlaiOI1J,}!X IIOpOiJ., coxpaHHBlliHXC.!I OT MaCCOBOfO JaMemeHHR.

Cpe)l.H IlpO'IHX Mecropo>I<)J.eHHH Moryr ObiTb OTMe"tfeHbi DOCIOH H noeyno, KOtOpoie 06Jt3n,3IOT p.!l)l.OM CXO)l.HbiX OC06eHHOCTeH C paHee OITHC3HHhiMH. Pyll;Hbie rena 3aneraiOr. cpen.H synKaHoreHHbiX rntpoKnacTH'!eCKHX nopop; B Bep?'Heft 11acm pa3pe3a <J>opMauHH 3m-Ko6pe oKono rpaHH~bi c H3BecrHHKaMH l!apKO·Pen,OHn,O ( CM. pHc. 58) .

B o6meM pyn,Hbte 33Jle)!(H acex Mecropo)!(AeHHH HMeiOT rmacrosyiO <PopMy C ll,eMeHTHOH ctpyKtypoit H pemtKTaMH UOpoAbl, coxpaHHBlllHMHC.!I OT 3aMeme­HH.!I, qro 3aBHCHT Or BenH'IHHbi 3epeH H !DIOTHOCTH ITOpOj],bl OfiJIOMKOB, a TaK>I<e liX pa3Mepoa. flpH crmolliHOM 3aMememm nopOilbi OKHCJlaMH MapraHJ.(a o6pa3y­ercn co6ctBeHHO KpHCranJJwrecKaH crpyKrypa. 6onee pacnpocrpaHeHoi PYADI c ueMeHTHOH crpyK"rypoJ.i. B pa3pe3e Jarre)f(H OHH Moryr MHoroKparHo qepen.o­B3TbCH CO CJIO.!IMH, 06pa30B3HHbiMH c<J>epOmiTpBbiMH K0pK3MH H KpHCTaJlJIH· qecKHMH · n,eHn,pHTOBHAHhlMH arperaTaMH . ron.opoKHta. HeKOtOpbie rmaCTDr CJI3f3IOTC.!I HCKJIIO'!HteJJbHO pyp;aMH C.l.l,eMeHTHOH CtpyKrypoif, HO H B :HOM CJIY· 'lae HX BHyrpeHHee c-rpoeHHe OmH'I3eTC11 OOllblllOH HeOAHOpoll;HOCTbiO ( CM. pHC. 60) .

TaKHM o6pa30M, PYAHbie r ena MO)!(HO KnaccH<PHUHpoBato no orHOCHTeJih­Hoii poJJH UeMeHTHOH H KpHCTaJIJIH'leCKOH CTpy:ruypbi, ITO COCTaBy H TeKcrypHO· crpyKrypflbiM ocooeHHOCT.!IM BMell.laiOIUHX BYJIKaHoKrracrHqecKHx rropon. PaJJJH'laiOtCH PYAHbie rena H no xapaKtepy BbiKJIHHHBaHHR rro npocr:Hp3HHIO IUiac-ra: HHorn.a OHO rrpoHCXOAHT pe3KO, B n,pyrHX CJI}"la.!IX PYAbi ITOCteueHHO CMeHHIOTC.ll 6e3pYiJ.HbiMH il0pOA3MH, pacmerm.!I11Cb IlpH :HOM Ha TOHKHe "npo­IJJI3CTKH". B o6meM B ~ ueHrpanoHOH 11acrM 3ane>KH noKanHJYIOTC11 HaH6onee 6oraThle PYAbl c IIpeo6nan,aHHeM KpHCTaJJJlH'leCJ<OrO TOAOpOKHTa. no Mepe ynaneHHlf or raKoro ueHrpa KpRctannH'lecKHe pa3HOCTH PYA cMeHHtorcn

121

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n;eMeHTHLIMH. no nepu¢epuu PYJJ.HbiX ten nocreneHHo YBenwmsaercH ponL nepeMClllCHHbiX peJUU<TOB BMClllaiOIUHX nopon, a 3ateM npocne)i(}maiOTCJIIIHillb HJonnposaHHbie PYWII>Ie ctR:)f(em:ur H ux cpocrKH cperor H3MeHeHllbiX (apnmrm-3HpoBaHHbiX, oKpeMHeHHbiX u o6ecusetieHHhtx) ~opon. TaKHM o6pa3oM, pyn­Hbie Tena OK83biBaiOTCJI OKpy)f(eHHLIMH OpeonOM H3MeHCHHbiX DOpDA, pa3MCpbl KOTOpOfO MOfYT AOCTHraTb HeCKOJibKHX MCTpoB [44).

XapaKrep sepXHero H HH)f(Hero KOHraKros PYWfi>IX ren Heo}J.HHaKoB, xou B UeJIOM OHH COBD3llaiOT C HCTHHHbiM HaDJiaCTOBaHHCM. npH 3TOM sepXHJrii KOH· T8KT BCCf)J.8 Bb1p8)f(CH 'ICTKO, OC06eHHO cpeAH H3BCCTHJIKOB qapKo-PeAOH,UO, a HH)f(HHH ornH'Iaerca H3BJUIHCTOcTbiO H nocreneuuoctblO. Crpoeime H MOlll· uocTb PYAHbiX 3811C)f(eH oco6euuo CJIO)f(HLI H H3MewmBLI B CJif'lae o6p33osa­HHR: ux no TYlPlPHTaM, o6orameHHbiM reppHreHHbiM MarepuanoM.

8\l)I(HaR: OC06eHHOCTL paCCMatpHBaeMbiX MCCTOpo)f()J.eHHH 33K1110'13CTCJI B pa3BHTHH KpeMHHCTbiX MeracoMarnt~ecKHX o6pa3osamrii C'6aiDir"). OHH 3a­neraror B ocHOBHOM B ne)f(a'feM 6oKy PY.II.HbiX ren, uo B sune 3anHBOB H "Kap-. Mauos" Moryr rny6oKo npoHuKaTL B PY.II.HYIO Macey. 3ro ·Kpacuosato"KOPH'I· HCB&JI, p)f(aBO·)f(enrasr,_ ruiOTJfaR:, TOHK03epHHcrast nopona, npoHH3aHH8Jl MHOro­'IHCJieHHLIMH npo)f(HJIK3MH KBapua.H X811UCAOH8. no CBOeMy DpoHCXO)K)J,CHHIO "6aHHTbl" TCCHO CBH38Hbl C MapraHIJ,CBbiMH py,U.aMH H MOryt paC~MatpHBaTbCJI BMCCTe. C HHMH K3K eAHHbiH py,!l.HbiH napareHC3HC. KpeMHHCTbiH MetaCOM8T03 0K83311CH MeHee H36HpateJILHbiM, 'leM MapriufueBbW, 'ITO DpHBCJIO K KpaHHCH HCBbllJ.Cp)f(8HHOCTH MOlllHOCTCH "6aHHT" H DpH'IJ,WIHBOCTH 4JopM 3aMClllCHHJI. "oaHHTLI" pa3BHB3J()TCH H no H3BCCTHJIK3M, 'ICM OTJIH'IaiOTCJI OT 3811C)f(CH OKHC· noB MapraHUa. XHMH'IeCKHii cocras KpeMHHCTbiX MeracoMamros (93-94% Si02, 4,2-5 ,7% FeO + Fe20 3)H conep~ue B HHx JneMeHTOB~npHMeceu · ocra­IOTCH npH61IH3HTeJJbHO ilOCTOJIHHbiMH HC33BHCHMO OT COCTaBa 33MClll3CMbiX nopon [44].

CtiHraercx, 'ITO Mapraun;eBoie H KpeMHHCTLie MeracoMaTHTbi o6pa30BaJIHCL npHMepuo B OAHO speMH HJIH c O'ICHb ue6onhuntM speMeHHbfM pa3phiBOM. HeJ<orop&re HccnenosarenH [92, 105] npe~J;nonaraiOT, 'Ito "6aiiJITLI" OT'IacTH B03HHKHH OJ.J.HOBpeMeuuo c MaptauueBLIMH pyn,aMH, a OT'Iacrn ueMHoro pauLme.

0THOWCHI-1e MeCTOPO>t<AeHMH MapraHua

K r n a.B H bl M P· a 3 p bl B H bl M C T p y K T y p a M

llpaKTH'IeCJ<H see MapraHU,e:a&re Mecropo)f()J.eHH.!I Bocro'lffioii Ky6Lr npuypo'le· Hbl K e~HIIOH nonoce CeBepo·BOCTO'IffiOfO npocmpaHHH, COBn3ll310lllCH CO CJIO)f(­HOH reKrOHH'IecKou 3ouoH: co'IJieHeHHH Bocro'IHo-Ky6HHcKoro CHHKJIHHOpH11 c aHTHKHHHOpueM C&eppa-MaJcrpa [24, 44] . 0AUai<o MaprauueBaJI MHHeplUIH3a­uu:sr B pa31IOM3X He BCTpe'laetCJI, a p33BHBaetC.II HCKJIIO'IHTCnLHO B !JOpHCTLIX H BbiCOJ<onpoHHuaeMbrx synKauoKJiacmqecKHx noponax. O'leBH.IlHO, pa3pLmHLie HapyweHHH KOHUeHtpHpoBaJIH BOCXOAJimHH nOTOK rny6HHHbiX runporepMaJIL­HbiX pacmopo:a, I<oropbte ua sepXHHx ropH30Hrax nocrynanu no OTKpbiTLIM

nOJIOCT.IJM B 061IOMO'IHbie IIOpHCTbiC nOpo,lU>t. qro Kaca.erc.ll CBH3H Mecropo)K}];emrii Maprauua c nnHJ<aTHBHLIMH ctpYJ<·

rypaMH, ro B p~e cnyqae:a y~aercx ycrauo:aHTb npuypoqeHHOCTL KpynHbiX MCCTOpo>KAeHHH H MHHepaJIH30BaHHbiX 30H I< IIOAfUITHHM THIIa KYil01IOB HJIH 6paXHauTHKHHuaneH:, B · 'laC.THOCTH K OO.II.HflTHJIM MYJ<apan-llouyno, Kyarpo­KaMHuoc H np. [44}.

-222

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pe cymecTBYIOt pa311li'Uibte ro'IKH 3peHH.a, nerant>HO paccMorpeHHbte :a pa6orax E.A. CoJ<onosoii H ~J;p. [ 45] H E.A. CoKonosoii [ 44] . HaH6onee apryMeHrnpo­BaHHLre npe~craeneHHH c4JopMynHpoBauLI E.A. CoKonosoH: B OOCJie,li;HeH: yno­MJIH}'TOH pa6ore. Cornacuo ee A3HHLIM, MaprauueBLJe py,u.Lr so3HHKJIH scnen­CTBHe MeraooMaTH'Iecl<oro · 3aMemeHHsr synKauoreHHLIX o6noM<>'IHbiX if IIHpo- · KJiaCTH'IeCKHX nopon H B MeH&nieH cteneHH H3BeCTH.IJKOB IIpH B03neHCTBHH ' Ha HHX BOCXOA.IJlllHX repMaJibHLIX paCTBOpoB Ha nane KOHCOnHAauHH CTpyK· typbi BYJIKaHH'ICCJ<OH ocrpOBHOH eyrn naneoreuosoro B03pacra. nepBOHa'lanL­HO T3KHC pacTBOphl IIOCTYilaJIH TIO teKTOHH'IeCKHM 30H3M, a TIOTOM IIpDHHKaJIH :a nopHCTbte H rpemHHo:aaTLre nopoiJ.bt. E.A. CoJ<ono:aa [44] noJ<aJana, 'ITO or­JIO)f(eHHIO M3pfaHUCBbiX H KpCMHHCTbiX o6pa30BaHHH 6JlaronpHHTCTBOB811H $H3HKO·MexaHH'IecJ<He esoifcrBa nopon H crpyJ<rypmre ux oco6eHHocru B cotietaHHH c HanH'IHeM reoXHMHqecJ<HX 6apLepoB.

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