observatório$do$valongo$>$ufrj,$rio$de$janeiro,$brazil$ … · 2014. 7. 25. ·...

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The distribu,on of massive compact relics in the nearby universe Aldée Charbonnier 1 , Marc HuertasCompany 2 , Huanyuan Shan 3 , Kevin Bundy 4 , Thiago S. Goncalves 1 , CS82 collabora,on 1 Observatório do Valongo UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2 University Paris 7, Observatoire de ParisMeudon, Paris, France 3 LASTRO, EFPL, Switzerland 4 Kavli, IPMU – University of Tokyo, Japan IAU Symposium 311 – Galaxy Masses as Constraints of Forma<on Models – 2125 July 2014 – Oxford Summary Correlation with Weak Lensing mass maps The CFHT Stripe-82 survey Looking for massive compact quiescent candidates Perspectives Candidates Weak gravita,onal lensing (WL) by large scale structures might be used to probe the distribu,on of dark ma\er in the Universe. Shapes of faint galaxies have been measured with the Lensfitmethod (e.g. Miller et al. 2013). WL convergence maps have been calculated (Shan et al. 2014), allowing the observa,on of a cross correla,on with CMASS galaxies. We have applied the same procedure to our selec,on of massive quiescent compact candidates, keeping only the peaks of the mass maps which signal to noise ra,o is > 2. The cross correla,on is shown as a func,on of the correla,on length θ. Conclusion: we do not see currently any crosscorrela,on between peaks of the mass maps and massive compact quiescent candidates. We note that we have observed a contamina,on by stars in our sample. The CanadaFranceHawaii Telescope Stripe82 (CS82) project consists in an iband survey, covering 173 deg 2 of the SDSS equatorial Stripe 82 (Erben et al., in prep). Data have been obtained in excellent seeing condi,ons (between 0.4 and 0.8 arcsec with a median of 0.59 arcsec), down to a 5σ limi,ng magnitude of i AB ≈24.0. CS82 survey was designed primarily for lensing analysis, probing mass distribu,on with redshij < 0.7. The SDSS Stripe82 equatorial region is currently one of the richest region of the sky in terms of mul,wavelength coverage associated to a large area. An interna,onal effort is going on to join all efforts. Primarily, SDSS has scanned repeatedly this area, providing photometric data in ugriz down to r23.5 for galaxies (Annis et al. 2011). Furthermore, data are also available in op,cal (DES, HSC, GALEX, PanSTARRS), nearinfrared (IR; UKIDSS, VHS, NEWFIRM, 2MASS), midIR (Shela, SpIES, WISE, VICS82), farIR (HELMS, HerS), radio (VLA, ACT, Planck) and Xray (Chandra, XMM, Swij, NuSTAR) wavelengths. Various spectroscopic surveys have been conducted so far (SDSS, HETDEX, Wigglez, VVDS, DEEP2, PRIMUS…). This setup allows unique sta,s,cal studies of galaxy popula,ons. 0.2 < z < 0.3 0.3 < z < 0.4 0.4 < z < 0.5 0.5 < z < 0.6 ‘quiescent’ stars With the excep,onal quality of CS82 images, it is possible to calculate morphological proper,es of a large sample of objects, reaching current limit of large scale surveys. We have used two sojwares developed to be run together: SExtractor (Ber,n & Arnouts, 1996, v2.18.8) for the detec,on and the morphometric es,ma,on, and PSFEx (Ber,n 2011, v3.15.0) for the Point Spread Func,on (PSF) reconstruc,on. Different profiles have been fi\ed to the en,re survey: de Vaucouleurs, general Sersic, and exponen,al (Moraes et al. in prep). Stellar masses and redshijs were derived using SYNMAG photometry tool (Bundy et al. 2012). The catalogue is based on Annis et al. (2011) work on the coadds of the SDSS Stripe82,and taking advantage of IR data provided by UKIDSS. Priority is given to spectroscopic redshijs when available. Some regions were masked to avoid bright stars and cosmic rays and also regions were the PSF is poorly constrained. Only galaxies with stellar mass > 5x10 10 M , magnitude i < 21, and redshijs 0.2 < z < 0.6 are considered. galaxies compact The star/galaxy classifica,on is performed using the SPREAD_MODEL parameter, produced by SExtractor. It takes into account the shape of the PSF. The star branch appears clearly in the SPREAD_MODEL vs. Kron magnitude plan. Matched objects with the SDSS star catalogue of Ivezic et al. (2007), despite a contamina,on by galaxies, are indeed located on the iden,fied stellar locus. It is now well accepted the presence of a popula,on of massive/passive very compact galaxies at high redshijs. Whether this primordial popula,on evolves to match the proper,es of today’s massive ellip,cals (e.g van der Wel et al. 2014) or simply remains as a marginal popula,on of relics in the local universe is s,ll an open debate in the literature (Carollo et al. 2013, Poggian, et al. 2013a). In par,cular, li\le is known on how the abundance of these objects in the local universe correlates with environment. Given that they are massive and formed at very early epochs, one might naturally think that they will end up in massive dark ma\er structures today (e.g Poggian, et al. 2013b) We use the SDSS/Stripe82 Megacam imaging (seeing ~0.6”) to perform a systema,c search of compact galaxies in the redshij range 0.2 < z < 0.6 and compute the correla,on between their spa,al distribu,on and the dark ma\er density peaks. We take advantage of the bimodality of the color histogram, when choosing the adequate bands around the 4000 Å break, according to the bin of redshij considered. An example is shown above for 0.3 < z < 0.4 (following Strateva et al. 2001). The next steps of our study mainly take advantage of the large amount of data available on the Stripe82 (e.g. Stripe82 Princeston Workshop, March 2014), they include: Reconsider the star/galaxy separa<on using IR data, provided by the recent VICS82 survey (J and Kbands, VISTA and CFHT) which covers the same area as CS82 Selec<on of a cleaner quiescent sample by fiYng SEDs Characterize the morphological proper<es of the selected candidates Propose followups for relevant candidates Density of relic compact galaxies as a func<on of redshi^ References Annis et al. 2011, arXiv:1111.6619 Ber,n & Arnouts 1996, A&AS 117 393 Ber,n 2011, ASPC 442 435 Bundy et al. 2012, AJ 144 188 Carollo et al., 2013, AJ 773 112 Erben et al. 2014, in prep Ivezic et al. 2007, AJ 134 973 Miller et al. 2013, MNRAS 429 2858 Moraes et al. 2014, in prep Poggian, et al., 2013b AJ 762 77 Poggian, et al., 2013a AJ 777 125 Shan et al. 2014, MNRAS 442 2534 Strateva et al. 2001, AJ 122 1861 van der Wel et al., 2014 ApJ 788 28 17 < g < 21.2 21.2 < g < 22 22 < g < 22.5 22.5 < g < 24

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  • The  distribu,on  of  massive  compact  relics  in  the  nearby  universe  Aldée  Charbonnier1,  Marc  Huertas-‐Company2,  Huanyuan  Shan3,  Kevin  Bundy4,  Thiago  S.  Goncalves1,  CS82  collabora,on  

    1Observatório  do  Valongo  -‐  UFRJ,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil  2University  Paris  7,  Observatoire  de  Paris-‐Meudon,  Paris,  France  

    3LASTRO,  EFPL,  Switzerland  4Kavli,  IPMU  –  University  of  Tokyo,  Japan  

    IAU  Symposium  311  –  Galaxy  Masses  as  Constraints  of  Forma  2.  The  cross  correla,on   is  shown  as  a  func,on  of  the  correla,on  length  θ.    Conclusion:  we  do  not   see  currently  any  cross-‐correla,on  between  peaks  of   the  mass   maps   and   massive   compact   quiescent   candidates.  We   note   that   we   have  observed  a  contamina,on  by  stars  in  our  sample.  

    The  Canada-‐France-‐Hawaii  Telescope  Stripe-‐82  (CS82)  project  consists   in  an   i-‐band  survey,  covering  173  deg2  of  the  SDSS  equatorial  Stripe  82  (Erben  et  al.,  in  prep).  Data  have  been  obtained  in  excellent  seeing  condi,ons  (between  0.4  and  0.8  arcsec  with  a  median  of  0.59  arcsec),  down  to  a  5σ  limi,ng  magnitude  of  iAB≈24.0.  CS82  survey  was  designed  primarily  for  lensing  analysis,  probing  mass  distribu,on  with  redshij  <  0.7.    The  SDSS  Stripe-‐82  equatorial  region  is  currently  one  of  the  richest  region  of  the  sky  in  terms  of  mul,-‐wavelength  coverage  associated  to  a  large  area.  An  interna,onal  effort  is  going  on  to  join  all  efforts.  Primarily,  SDSS  has  scanned  repeatedly  this  area,  providing  photometric  data  in  ugriz  down  to  r23.5  for  galaxies  (Annis  et  al.  2011).  Furthermore,  data  are  also  available  in  op,cal  (DES,  HSC,  GALEX,  Pan-‐STARRS),  near-‐infrared  (IR;  UKIDSS,  VHS,  NEWFIRM,  2MASS),  mid-‐IR  (Shela,  SpIES,  WISE,  VICS82),  far-‐IR  (HELMS,  HerS),  radio  (VLA,  ACT,  Planck)  and  X-‐ray  (Chandra,  XMM,  Swij,  NuSTAR)  wavelengths.  Various  spectroscopic  surveys  have  been  conducted  so  far  (SDSS,  HETDEX,  Wigglez,  VVDS,  DEEP2,  PRIMUS…).  This  setup  allows  unique  sta,s,cal  studies  of  galaxy  popula,ons.  

    0.2  <  z  <  0.3   0.3  <  z  <  0.4  

    0.4  <  z  <  0.5   0.5  <  z  <  0.6  

    ‘quiescent’  

    stars  

    With   the   excep,onal   quality   of   CS82   images,   it   is   possible   to  calculate  morphological   proper,es  of   a   large   sample  of   objects,  reaching  current   limit  of   large   scale   surveys.  We  have  used   two  sojwares   developed   to   be   run   together:   SExtractor   (Ber,n   &  Arnouts,  1996,  v2.18.8)   for  the  detec,on  and  the  morphometric  es,ma,on,  and  PSFEx  (Ber,n  2011,  v3.15.0)  for  the  Point  Spread  Func,on  (PSF)  reconstruc,on.  Different  profiles  have  been  fi\ed  to   the   en,re   survey:   de   Vaucouleurs,   general   Sersic,   and  exponen,al  (Moraes  et  al.  in  prep).    Stellar   masses   and   redshijs   were   derived   using   SYNMAG  photometry   tool   (Bundy  et   al.   2012).   The   catalogue   is  based  on  Annis  et  al.  (2011)  work  on  the  coadds  of  the  SDSS  Stripe-‐82,and    taking  advantage  of  IR  data  provided  by  UKIDSS.  Priority  is  given  to  spectroscopic  redshijs  when  available.    Some  regions  were  masked  to  avoid  bright  stars  and  cosmic  rays  and  also  regions  were  the  PSF  is  poorly  constrained.  Only  galaxies  with  stellar  mass  >  5x1010  M⨀,  magnitude  i  <  21,  and  redshijs  0.2  <  z  <  0.6  are  considered.    

    galaxies  

    compact  

    The   star/galaxy   classifica,on   is   performed   using   the  SPREAD_MODEL  parameter,  produced  by  SExtractor.  It  takes  into  account  the  shape  of  the  PSF.  The  star  branch  appears   clearly   in   the   SPREAD_MODEL   vs.   Kron  magnitude  plan.    

    Matched  objects  with   the  SDSS   star   catalogue  of   Ivezic  et   al.   (2007),   despite   a   contamina,on   by   galaxies,   are  indeed  located  on  the  iden,fied  stellar  locus.  

    It   is   now   well   accepted   the   presence   of   a   popula,on   of   massive/passive   very   compact   galaxies   at   high   redshijs.  Whether   this  primordial  popula,on  evolves  to  match  the  proper,es  of  today’s  massive  ellip,cals  (e.g  van  der  Wel  et  al.  2014)  or  simply  remains  as  a  marginal  popula,on  of  relics   in  the   local  universe   is  s,ll  an  open  debate   in  the   literature  (Carollo  et  al.  2013,  Poggian,  et  al.  2013a).  In  par,cular,  li\le  is  known  on  how  the  abundance  of  these  objects  in  the  local  universe  correlates  with  environment.  Given  that   they   are  massive   and   formed   at   very   early   epochs,   one  might   naturally   think   that   they  will   end   up   in  massive   dark  ma\er  structures  today  (e.g  Poggian,  et  al.  2013b)    We  use  the  SDSS/Stripe-‐82  Megacam  imaging  (seeing  ~0.6”)  to  perform  a  systema,c  search  of  compact  galaxies  in  the  redshij  range  0.2  <  z  <  0.6  and  compute  the  correla,on  between  their  spa,al  distribu,on  and  the  dark  ma\er  density  peaks.  

    We   take   advantage   of   the   bimodality   of   the  color  histogram,  when  choosing  the  adequate  bands  around  the  4000  Å  break,  according  to  the  bin  of   redshij  considered.  An  example   is  shown   above   for   0.3   <   z   <   0.4   (following  Strateva  et  al.  2001).  

    The  next  steps  of  our  study  mainly  take  advantage  of  the  large  amount  of  data  available  on  the  Stripe-‐82  (e.g.  Stripe-‐82  Princeston  Workshop,  March  2014),  they  include:  

    •  Reconsider  the  star/galaxy  separa