runivers.ru minuvshego...of jiabjiehie. c. ctat:&h: cmp. a. 9. l{onh. ha cjjym6i; cyne6hblm'b...

fOJIOC~ Ml1H'fBIIIArD

N2 11. Ho.H6pb.

~3AaHHe nOArOTOB/leHO npH nOAAep>t

Of JIABJIEHIE.

C. CTaT:&H: Cmp.

A. 9. l{onH. Ha CJJym6i; Cyne6HblM'b YcrnnaM'h (naMff'nt 06mrn-cHaro H ,Umattmieaa). . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 B. M. cJ>pu11e. llneonorin repMaHcHaro HMnepiam10Ma. . . . . . . 33 B. H. nep1.1een. IlOJIHTHl>a rorem-10.rr.rrepHOB'b . . . . . . . . . . 49 P. M. Xunn. pattuyac1de nHcaTe;IH D'b it>pamw-npyccr:y1-0 BoJ:iHy. 75 B. A. Cl>Hnnnnoe"b. TeaTpaJI1>Han ny6mrna XVIII a1rna no carnpu-

II. BocnoMHHaHin:

IO. M. Orapeaa. BocnoMHIIaHiR . .. ......... . n. H. TopraweB"b. CH6HpCHiR llOCIIOMllHUHifl . . . H. H. CTapHHHH"b. 3anHCHH 6u6neHcHaro mrnrottourn

III. MaTepiaJILI:

M. H. Mypae1>eBn. IlttchMa HD · A. A. 3e.'leHoMy 1857-1862 rr.

95

109 128 167

Cn npep;uCJJonieM'b B. H. CeMeBcKaro. . . . . . . . 212 A. M . YHKOBCKIA. IlHCb:O.!a H'b r . A . ,UmaHmieBy . ........ 235

Iv. H3'1> HHOCTpaHHblX'l> mypHaJIOB'l>: A. M. BacIOTHHCKiil. Typ1-1in, f'epMaHiH H Espona .. .. .. . .. '.2.51

v. RpBTBKa B CSHCSJiiorpalJI. B. H. nu11na. A. CHpOTHHHH'b. PocciH H CJiaBRHe. B. H. na11na. H. C. ,UepmaBIIH'b . Eonrapo-cep6c1dR naauMooTuomeHifl. J(. B. CllB-

6111611111oreKa "PyH111eepc"

0Tb MOHTOpbt

"fOJIOCA MMHYBWAfO". 0Tl HOHTopt: MoCKBa, M. HHKHTCK351. JI.. 29 Kl3. (); T('JJecp. 4-50 61 .

noAnHCHa npr.tHHMaeTCfl BO BCtXl> 6onbWHX1> HHH>t

f OJlOCb MHHYBIUAfO

lliYPHAJlb HCTOPHt H HCTOPIH JIHTEP A TYPbl.

(f oA'I> BSAaeia II)

00,D;'b PF.,D;AKJJIEii

c. n. MEAbfYHOBA H B. H. CEMEBCKAro.

Nill. HoHoph. 1914.

Eivi611111oreKa "PyHvisepc"

MU CI\ BA. Tnoorpalfli.11 T-Ra P.116ywanc••x'I>, CTpacTBoii 6., flyT•11•01C11iii oep., co6 . .«.

1914.

Ei1116111110TeKa "PyHVIBepc"

0 r J1 A B J1 E H I E.

A. 0. l{oHH. Ha cJiy/f\6:1> Cyne6Hb1M'b YcrnsaM'h (na~rnn1 06HMH-cHaro M ,Il/f\amniesa). • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;) B. M. IJ>pHMa )-\'f, r . A . .IlmaHwieDy . . . . . . . 23;)

IV'. H3'b HHOCTpaHHhIX'b JKypHaJIOB'b:

A. M. BaCI-OTHHCKiil. TypuiR, rep~taHiH 11 Eupona ......... 2;)1

v. RpHTHKa H 6u6Jiiorpacpis:. B. H. flH

Cmp .

l(OB'b. IlyTewecTBie a66aTa lf\opme.rl.fl. c. n. MellbryHOB'b. E . e . :Ho-Mapoec1dA. 3amtCHH. H. n. l(awHH'b. PyccKaR: JIHTepaTypa xx B. c. n. MeJibryHOB'b. y TpOHUbl B'b AKaueMiH. n. H . B11acOB'b. Ila-MR:THHKH nepsblX'b n'BT'b cTapoo6p11uqecTBa. Cl>. 6a11JIO.Q'b. A. Mopa. Bo epeMeea !J>apaoea. Ero-me. UapH 11 6or11 Er11nTa. H. 0 . JlepHep'b. H'b 11cToph1 «Iiannanhl o Phluap't». • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . 269

VI. H3'l> TeKym;eA: JIHTepaTyp:&I.

A. A. KH3eeeTTep'b. CTaHHCJiaB'b IloHR:TOBCKHi H ero MeMyapbI. •. 289 rp. Cl>. r. J:{e-11a 6a·pT'b. PoMaHTH3M'b, KaK'b naTOJIOrHqernoe fiBJie-Hie ................. . .• JI. c. Ko3JIOBCldl. repMaHiR: H floJibWa.

VII. PHCyBKH.

IlopTpeTbl n. H. OliHHHCKarO H r . A. J:{>KaHwleea. 3aCT8BKH H3'b esaerenHi XVI B. B'b co6paei11 A. A. THTOBa.

vm. OO'ltHsneBiB.

300 312


Ha cJiy)K6Jb Cyne6ttbilY\b Ycraaamb. (IlaMRmU 06HUHC1\G20 U a:xcaHwie6a).

Cyne6Hb1e Y cTaBbI HBHJIHCh OllHHM'h H3'h nyqrnttx'h sBeHbeB'h B'h

nocntnoBaTeJibHOM'h pRAY npeo6pasoBaHii1: l1Mnepiuopa Ane-

HcaHnpa II. HMM 6hIJI'h ptrnttTeJibHO H 6esnoBoporno ynpasnHeH'h CTapbIJ;f cyll'h, CHHCIWBlliiH ce6t, Tal\h c1

6 I'o.1oca MuH.yewaao.

ropJJ.eJIMBOH st.po ti B'h npo'IHOCTI;> csoero JJ.i>Jia. Ho, «MeJJ;OBbiti Mt.-

CHU'h» 06HOBJieHHafO Cy JI.a npOJ:IOJiffiaJICH HeJJ.OJifO. flo Mf. pf. Toro

KaKb rnaCHOCTb, ycTHOCTb, HenocpeJJ.CTBeHHOCTb B'b out.HKt. )];OKa-

aaTeJibCTB'b M npaBOBbIX'b )];OBOJJ.OB'b, a TaKme. COCTH3aTeJibHOe Ha'laJio

CTaHOBMJIHCh o6bl'lHblM'b HBJieHieM'b H BXO):IMJIH B'b IlJIOTb H KpOBb

cynonpOH3BO)];CTBa, H\HBOU 06I.IleCTBeHHbiit HHTepec'b Kb 3TJAM'b HOB-

wec:rsaM'b OCTbIB3JI'b, IlOHeMHory 33Mi>HHHCb JIHWb He3JJ.OpOBbIM'L

mo60ilbITCTBOM'b TOJIIlbI Kb ceHcauioHHbIM'b IlOJJ.p06HOCTHM'b npouec-

COB'b. PHllOM'h C'b aTHM'h cTaJIH nollHH.MaTb ronosy Tt., KOTOphrx1,

.MOH\HO Ha3B3Tb «IIOTepnt.BllIHMH OT'b HOBaro cyna»,-He)];OBOJib-

Hble paBHonpasieM'b npeJJ.'b cynoM'h H npHMt.HeHieM'b Hosaro aa-

KOHa «He B3Hpa.H Ha JIHUa». A aaTt.M'b Ha HOBbIH yqpeiRJJ;eHiH H HX'b JJ.t..HTeJieU, o6o6I.IlaH HX'b H3BHHHTeJihHbIH BO BCHKOM'b nt.nt. qeJio-

ef.qecKOM'b enMHH'lHblR owH61m H npol'>taXH B'h OOI.Ilee neqaJihHoe

H TpeBOffiHOe opraHH'leCIWe HBJieHie, noweJI'b IlOXO)];OM'b BJiiHTeJib-

Hbl.U MOCKoBcKi.u ny6JIHUMCT'b, 06paTHBlliiDc11 H3'b BOCTOpiReHHaro

noKJIOHHHKa na'l.aJlo cyne6Haro npeo6pasosaHiH B'b cTpacTHaro H oCJit.nJieHHaro mt.BOM'b npoTHBHHKa HX'b npaKmu'l.ec1rn20 ocy1.4ecmeJZe-niR. Y Hero, KOHe'lHO, HallIJIHCb H ycnyiRJIHBbre nonpaiRaTeJIH. TaKHM'h o6paaoMo JIIOJJ;HM'h, xpaHHBllIHM'b B'h JJ.ylllt. sast.Tbl CyJJ.e6-

HblX'b YcrnsoB'h H oTnaBllIHM'h set. cso.11: CHJihI cyne6Hoit peqiopMt.,

npHllIJIOCh BO :MHOrHX'b OTHOllieHiHX'b CTaTb B'b THiReJioe H Hept.mw

COBepllieHHO 6ea3all.UITHOe IIOJIOffieHie npoTHB'b HHCHHyauii:t H ne-

qaTHbIX'b BbIIlallOB'b, B'b KOTOpbIX'b 3JI06HaH OllHOCTOpOHHOCTb He-

pt.nKo on11panacb Ha HeBt.ffieCTBeHHYIO HeOCBt.JJ;OMJieHHOCTh.

MomHo 6MJIO 6hr, onHaKo, HeCMOTpH Ha aTo, cnoKoi:tno HJJ;TH

csoeu nop~rou, naMHTYH yTt.llIHTeJihHhrn cost.T'b cTapHKa Hphmosa, 0 TOM'b, 'ITO «OHM IIOJiaIOT'b H OTCTaHyT'h», eCJIH 6hI HananeHiH Ha cy-

ne6Hoe Bi>llOMCTBO He HaXOllHJIH llJIH ce6H 6JiaronpiHTHyIO IlO'lBY

B'b o6JiaCTH ynpaBJieHiH H 3aKOHOllaTeJibCTBa' IlOCTeneHHO pacxo-

llHBlliarocH C'b KOpeHHblMH Ha'laJiaMH, BJIOiReHHbIMH B'b peqiopMbl

wecTHJJ.eCHTbIX'b ronoB'b. 11:31> aTon o6JiaCTH CTaJIH no BpeMeHaM'b rpo-

3HTh, a HHorna H ocyI.QeCTBJIHTbCH pa3JIH'lHbIH yst.'lb.H no OTHOllieHiIO

Kb Cyne6HbIM'b YcrnsaM'b. BMt.crl C'b Tt.M'h, B'b CHJIY Halllero neqaJib-

Haro CBOitCTBa 6hlCTpo Harpt.BaTbCH H CKopo OCTbIBaTb, C3Mblit o6pa3'b

cnymHTeJIH nepBblX'h ronoB'l> o6HoBJieHHaro cyna CTaJI'b nonqacu

TycKHt.Th, pacnJihIBaThCH H pacrpa'IHBaTh qepTbI cyoe6H.a20 OrMl-. meJZR no noport. Kb TOMY, 'IT06hr socnpiHTb o6pas'b cyoeiJ.cKaao 'l.U-noenuKa. TaKoe nonomeHie semen He MOrJio He TpeBOiRHTb Ti>X'b, KOMY 6hIJIH noporH Cyne6Hble YcTaBhI H npoHHKaIOI.IlaR HX'h qeno-

Bi>'IHOCTb, H KTO He MOr'b CMOTpt.Th Ha 3TOT'b BeJIH'l3Bbitl: H CTpott-

Hhlii naMHTHHKb 3aKOHOll3TeJibCTBa, l:

Ha c11y:»e610 Cyoe6Hbt.Mb Y cmaeaMb. 7

HaMi>HReMhlfl non BJ.IimfieM'b o6bl'IHhIX'b 6oR3JIMBhIX'b coo6pameHitt 0 TOM'b: «YllOOHO JIH 3TO?» «JlOBIW JIM?» «CaoeapeMeHHO JIM?» H T. n. ):{nR HMX'b, n03TOMY' HaCTORTenhHO B03HHJ-\aJia HpaBCTBeHHaR . aa-naqa paaauaaTb u ocymecTBJIRTh ocHoBHhlH Haqana YcrnaoB'b B'b HX'b npMMi>HeHiH R'b muaHH-H CJIOBOM'b, ni>JIOM'b H co6crneHHbIM'b npHMi>pOM'b o6eperaTb HX'b OT'b H3BpameHiH B'b TeRymett cyne6-HOli npaKTHKi>. TipencTORJIO B'b R'lei1RM orpoJ1;111aro Tpy;o;oaoro YJihR, B03)lBHrHyTaro 3THl\1H y CTaB3MH' BJIO)f(MTb COOTBi>Tcrnyromee co-nepmaHie. CJii>noaarro:-no cxeMaM'b, Ha'lepTaHHbIM'b B'b HHX'b, BbIRC-HMTh u Bb1pa60TaTh RapTHHY npaaunbHaro sene.HiR cyne6Haro aaci>-naHiR; onpeni;nnTh ui>nb, rpaHHUhl u conepmaHie cyne6HbIX'b npe-HiH; HaMi>THTh o6'beM'b H CMhlCJI'b npenci>naTeJihcRaro pyKOBOllHIUaro HanyTcTBiR, caonRmarocR rnaBHhlM'b o6paaoM'b K'b o6oRCHeHiIO CHJihl u aHa'leHiR npencrnaJieHHbIX'b no n1my noKaaaTeJibCTBo; ycTa-HOBHTh T.HnH'leCKiR qepTbl npoRypopa-oOBMHHTeJIR, RBJIRIOIUarocH no Cyne6HhlM'b YcrnaaMo weopRUJUMo cyobero; HaMi>THTh, 6eao ROM-npoMMccoa'b M He.Ji:OMOJIBOR'b, aa)la'IM a)lBOKaTypbI M npieMbI eR yqa-CTiR B'b o6meM'b ni>ni> ornpaanettiR npaaocyniR; - u MHoroe npy-roe. ororo' O)lHaRO' OblJIO MaJio. l.f i>M'b na;rbllle IllJIO ape MR OT'b co-CTaBJieHiR u o6HaponosattiR Cyne6HbIX'b Ycrnaoao, Ti>Mo 6oJihllle c~ollHJIH co cueHbl HX'b C03)laTeJIH M H\HBble HCTOJIKOBaTeJIH HaMi>peHiil, B'b HHX'b aJiomeHHhIX'b. B'h uxn pi>ni>10mie pHllhI npoTncKnaaJincb TO TYT'b, TO TaM'b npaRTHRH, B'b rnaaax'b ROTOpbIX'b apeMeHHbIH ycJio-BiR, CJiy'lai1HblR RBJieHiR H npeapaTHO nOHHMaeMblR noTpe6HOCTH )f(H3HM npio6pi>TaJIH rocno)lCTBO Ha)l'b «OTmHBaIOIUHMH CBO:i1 Ri>K'b> uneanaMn cocTaBHTeJieit Cyn;e6HhlX'b Ycrnaoao. TioaroMy Ha pHn;y C'b JIH'IHhlM'b cnymeHieM'b 3THM'b HneanaM'b HymHo ObIJIO Henpe-cTaHHO H HaCTOit'IHBO HanOMHHaTb 0 HHX'b ycTHblM'b H ne'laTHbIM'b CJIOBOM'b. Ho RaRD Ohl HH OblJIH, onHaKo, ropH'IM, BJJ:YM'IHBhl u mu-TeitCRH o6ocHoBaHbI 3TH HanoMHHaHiH, HX'b OllHHX'b 6bIJIO Hen;ocTa-TO'IHO. JlIOJJ:M He JIIOOHT'b M M36i>ra10T'b JlyMaTb JIOrM'leCRMMM nOCblJI-ltaMH. Orn npo.nyMaHHhIX'b coo6pamettit!: HX'h B'b 60Jiblll1rncTa·s cny-qaeso ynepmMaaen > u TPYJJ:HOCTb oTpi>IllHTbCH OT'b npu-BXOllRIUMX'b BneqaTJii>Hiit JJ:i>JIOBOil HJIM oeani>JibHOil cyeTbl. Orc10na rocno.ncTBO Rapnrn'b u o6paaoB'b, cocTaBJIHIOIUHX'b JlJIH 6oJiblllHHCTBa OTnpaBHYIO TO'IRY MbllllJieHiH, ocsi>ma10my10 H HanpaBJIHIOIUyIO warn 'leJIOBi>Ra HJIH HaCTOH'IMBO pucy10my10 TO, 'ITO rpo3HT'b HJIH npuaneRaeT'b B'b 6ynymeM'b.

TaRHM'b o6pa30M'b RBHJiacb Heo6xo)lMMOCTh He TOJihRO paa-cymnaTb M noyqaTb o TOM'b, 'ITO snometto B'b Cyne6Hb1e YcTaBhl, HO H onHCblBaTb Tpynoaon nyTb M 6naroTBopHyIO lli>HTe.'lbHOCTb HX'b cocraauTenett. oro oco6eHHO HY:HCHO y Haen, mi> aa6eeHie co-cTaBJIHeT'b TaRoe 6blcTpo nacTynaromee M o6hI'IHoe HBJieHie. lh cno-


8 I'oJloco MuHyewaw.

BaM'b BeJIHJHHBhl H He mo6onbITHbl» MOil\HO C'b HeHeHhIIIHM'b ocHoeaHieM'b np116aeHTh: «H He6JiaronapHbI». Heo6xo-~HHO HanoMHHaTb :>1eueyUfU.M?J 060 yconwuxi,, BbI3hlBaR cHMnaTiIO H yeameHie Kb Jrl;RTeJIHMo npaBJJ:bl H cnpaeeJJ:JIHBOCTH, Oil\HBJI.fl.fl HXo HpaecTBeHHO np11eJie1HiIO. ,[(rrR Hero He MOif\eT'b GhlTh 6eanoJie3Hb!Mo HJIH 6e3nJIOJJ:HhlMo noetcTeoeaHie o nolffeH-HOA 1RH3HH H «HenoCThlJJ:HOit HoHqHHi>» Ttxo, qbe C3Iyif\eHie poJJ:HHt

6LlnO 6e3HOphlCTHO, DOJIHO Tpyna H TepntHi.fl, JII06BH H qyecTBa nonra. Bo Hameit o6m:ecTBeHHoit m113HH 6hrna10To nepioJJ:hI, 1mrna, npH 6hlcTpo HacTynamm:eit H nononry rocnoncTBy10mei1: B'b Heit ana-

TiH, CMi>JIO DOJJ:HHMaIOTCR roJioca, OTpHu;a10mie IlJIOJJ:OTBOpHoe JJ:i>JIO HeJ{aBHRrO npoumaro H B3h!Ba10mie Ho JJ;aBHO OTif\HBIIIHMo nopRJJ:HaMo H HXo comenmHMo co cu;eHhI npencTaBHTeJI.flMo. Torna Bo oTetT'b Ha HaepameHHbiit eoarnaco: «mortuos voco, vivos plango»I Heo6xoJJ:HMO HacToitqueo roeopHTh: «Hi>T'b! He mortuos voco, a vivos, a plango rlxo mortuos, IITO nonroTOBHJio eeJIHHiR peqJOpMbI AJieHcaHnpa II H cnoco6cTBOBaJI'b HXo ocym:ecTBJieHiIO, l\TO C03HUJI'b HX'b HCTOpH-qecHoe aHa'leHie JJ:JIR 6ynym:aro H 6e3o MaJionymHbIXo HoJie6aHrn cnymHno IlOJiomeHHbIMo B'b HXo OCHOBY HaqaJiaMo, Hal\o 6bI 3TO Hl1 6linO HHorna, BbipaHHa cym:ecTBoBaHiR Cyne6HhIX'b Y crn-BOBo H HeBOJibHO npHXOJ{HTo Ha naMHTb JJ:Ba HMeHH ... 0HH npH-

HannemaTo JilOJJ:.flMo, nocJiyIBHBWHMo Y cTaBaM'b CBOHM'b TPYJJ:OMo H napoeaHiHMH Hamnhlit Bo ceoe:H cept ntRTeJibHOCTH H MHoroe

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pelfiopMaMo.


Ha c11yJ1C6ro Cyoe6HblMo Ycma6aMo. 9

YmrnepcuTeTb H pa6orn no BBe)leHiIO B'h ll"BHCTsie TionomeHiH

o KpecTMrnaxo nolll> pyKOBOllCTBOM'b OllHOro H3'h 6naropOJlHi>ti-IIIHX'b H qucTi>HIIIHXl> Jli>.RTeJieH IIIeCTII)leC.RTbIX'b rO)lOB'b OCTaBHJIH

Bl> Jlyllli> 06HHHCKaro HeHarJia)lHMbiti CJii>Jl'h. 0Hu HMf.JI'b pallOCTb.

CJiylliaTb rpaHOBCKaro,-HMi>JI'b cqacTbe CJIYIBHTb C'b B1rnTOpor.n,

AHTOHOBHqeMo ApU:HMOBHqeM'b ••• 06pa3bI Toro H llpyroro CBtTHJlll

eMy H rptJIH ero H B'b rOJlbI ma)lHOH Ha lli>HTeJibHOCTb MOJIOllOCTH

H B'b rOllbl CTpa)laJibqeCKOH CTapoCTH. 0H'b CaM'b coe)lHH.RJio .11Xh

B'h OllHO 6JiarollapHoe BocnoMrrn~Hie, roBopFr, qTo Apu;HMOBHq1,

OTb.!lQJlo TO, qeMy Yl/.UJlo rpaHOBCKiH. Bo YHHBepc11TeTt eMy npu-.

IIIJIOCb nepearnTb TOT'b nepeJIOM'b B3rJI.RllOBo H Bt.RHitl, HOTOphri1:

npouaorueJI'h so sceMo pyccKOM'h o6mecTBt co BCTynneHieM'b Ha

npecTOJI'h AJieHcaHJlpa 11-H OHOH'iHTb Hypco B'h TO BpeMH, HOr)la,

no ero BblpameHi10, HymHo 61>mo OTJlaTb CBOH CHJihI Ha BonJiome-

Hie Bo muaHH Hlleii npaBa H CBOOOllbl. B-b cnymeHiH aToMy BOnJio-meHiIO cyJl1>6a y6eperna ero OT'h 6eanJIOJlHOCTH eJJ:HHHqHbIX'h vcu-

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CKaaaTb npo ce6R: «6JiameH'b, KTO CBOi1 qeJIHOKD npHBRi:l\eT"b K'h

KopMi> 6on1>woro 1wpa6JIR». dTOTl> Kopa6JI1>-6bma HpeCTbRHCKaR

pe RaJiymcKotl ry6epHiH 61>mo Apu;HMOBHq'h,

KO atRTeJibHOCTH H naMRTH HOToparo 06HHHCHiH He paao B03Bpa-

maJICR cu yMHJieHie1110 H 6JiarollapHOCTbIO, cTaBFr ero npHBJieKa-

TeJI1>Hy10 H Bem1qasy10 Jl'uqHOCTb B"b HenocpeJJ:CTBeHHYIO llYXOBHYIO

6JIH30CTb C'b llOpOrHMH M JIIOOHMblMM MOCKOBCHHMH npo

10 r OJlOC'b M UH.yewa20.

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B'L CBOeMo Ka611HeTt, «6yn:ym:aro n:tHTeJIH IIO KpeCTbffHCKOMY n:tJiy' rpamn:aH11Ha' IIOJie"3Haro CBOeMy OTetieCTBY. JI10n:11 Co ymrnepc11-

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n:pyraH BeJI11KaH pecpopMa--cyn:e6HaH. Ih He:tl: rrpio6m:MJICff, B'L Ka'leCTBt yqaCTKOBaro MHpOBOro cyn:hH, 06Hl1HCKifi M CJIMJICH Co

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12 I'olloco MuHyewaw.

CKiR npucyTCTBiR, B'b KOTOpbIX'b npe.o.cTaBHTeJIH cy.o.e6Haro 3JieMeHTa, cocTaBJIRR MeHblllHHCTBO, HrpaJIH l\taJio 3aeu.o.Hy10 poJib. B1> ropH-•1eit H 601·aToit lflaRTal\1H cTaTht «Mupoebie cy.o.hH H HX'b npeeMHMKH», noneonR HToru cpaeHHTeJihHOii napa.rrJieJIH o6oHX'b yqpem.o.eHiM:, crnp.hlit MHpoeoit nocpe.o.HHK'b H MHpoeoit cynhR pHcoeaJI'b 6e3oTpan-HYIO KapTHHY 3aMi>HbI nioHepa npaeocynia B'b 6e3cy.o.Hoit npen'b Ti>M'h cTpaHi>- pecmaepamopoMo crnparo noJmueitcKaro cy.o.a . Ho au1-eoi1: YM'b ero H caTup11qecRaa /i\HJIKa, 6HeUiaacR B'b HeM'b, He naeaJI11 . eJrty orpaHM'IHTbCR CTporoit JIHTepaTypHo-rop11n11qec1wti 1rnpT11Hoti. ;r::{py3hfl ero noJiyqmrn OT'b Hero 3Jiyro H TOHRy10 caT11py Ha ceoe-o6pa3HYIO anonrouim Cyne6HbIX'b Ycrneoe'b, non'b HaaeaHieM'b «mo6o-

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Ho e'b cepnut 06HHHCRaro m11na Hanemna, 'ITO TY'IH, Hae11c-wiR Han'b Cyne6HhIMH Ycrnea11111, pa3CrBIOTCR H npoHecyTcR 11 'ITO OH'b eme yeun11TD, HaH'b, BbipamaRch CJioeal\-m noarn, C'b «6eaaa-HOHuaro pHcyHRa cna.o.yT'b eeTxoti qelllyeA 'lymnhrn Kpac1

Ha cJ1yJ1C6ro Cy8e6Hb1Mo Jf cmaea.Mb. 13

dubia». 0THpblTaH 11 3aHpbITaH MOJie6HaMl1 11 III11pOHOBtw:aTeJib-HblM11 ptqa11rn caoero npe:uct:uaTeJIH Mypaabeaa H opraHl130BaHHaH Bo aecbMa IImpoHOM'h MacrnTa6t HoM11cciH , BHecH B'b Cy :ue6Hh1e YcTaBhI Hi>HoTophrn MeJioqHhlH 113Mi>HeHiH,-no OTHorneHiro H'h Yqpem)'.{eHi10 Cyue6HhIX"h YcTaHOBJieHiH: I1 Bo oco6eHHOCTH H'h Ycrnay YroJIOBHaro Cyuonpo113BOJJ:CTBa, BCTymrna Ha nyTh 11 cHameHiH CyJJ:e6HbIX'h Y cTaBOB'h. Bo BcenoJJ:aHHi>ilrneM'b JJ.OHJia:ut 060 yqpe-m:ueHi11 HOM11cci11 6h1JI0 BhlCHa3aHo , qTo «om8roJ1ettie cyaa omo a8.Mu-Hucmpaqiu 11 Hey:uaqHo qiopMyJI11poBaHHoe HaqaJio cy:ueti cHoH: He-CMromzeMocmu llMtJI11 CBOl1M'b IIOCJitJJ.CTBie111'b ourn6o•IHblH B3rJIHJJ.'b' Ha He3hI6JieMOCTh npaBHTeJibCTBeHHaro HanpasneHiH cy:ua M cy:ue6-Haro BtJJ.OMCTBa 11 rm HaMtpeHie 3a l\OHOJJ.aTeJIH IlOCTaBl1Tb npe:uCTa-BHTeJiett cy:ue6Hoii: snacn1 B"h oco6oe 11cHmoq11TeJihHoe noJiomeHie B"b pHJlY npo•rnx'h npam1TeJibCTBeHHbIX1, opraHOBb».-B'h pa3Bl1Tie 3THX"b B3nrn;::i:oBb Mypasbesa cyJJ:e6HaH anacTb 3eMcHaro HaqaJib-mrna 6hma sceutJio coxpaHeHa B"h o6IIrnpHOM"h npoeHTt «ynopH.uo-

14 I'oJIOCo MuHyewaw.

l\aKb 6bl B'b pOJIH CBH;Id>TeJUI nopyraHiH qecTH meHll.IHHbI, HOTopaR

6bma HX'b «nepBoit mo60BblO», 6e3'b BCHHOH peaJibHOit B03MO>R-

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paro ycTpoitCTBa, Hyna nonmeH'b 6bIJI'b nocTynuTb npoeHT'b «nepe-

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B'b HOTOpbIX'b OH'b crnpaJICH paa6HTb puTOpu11ecKie BbIBepTbl npen-

ct.n:aTeJIH HOllIHCCiH, TopmecTneHHO npOB03fJ13U13BIJ.Iaro B'b CBOeM'b

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pa6oTax'b coxpaHeHbI Bet ocHOBHbIH Ha11ana Cyne6HbIX'b YcTaBOB'b

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0 TOM'b, 'ltM'h 6yneT'b Ha npaHTHKt pycc1dil ny6JIH11HbIH OOBHHHTeJib,

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HO

· Ha cJ1y~610 Cyoe6Hbl.Mo Ycma6a.Mo. 15

noncyi:urnoMy TO, 'ITO OH'b B'b paHHeM'b Jrl;TCTBt IlOK333JI'b R3blR'b cBoeif MaTepu, noxHTHJI'b Kycol\b caxapy y caoero ntna, He rHy-lllancR 6paTb H6JIOKH B'b cany coctna-H TOJibl:\0 noTOMY He Ol:\3-:33JICH oTuey6Hl:uei%, 'ITO HM'BJI'b cqacTbe 6bITh cupoTOIO. ITpnTOM'b naeoc'b cf>paHllY3Cl:\HX'b o6BHHHTeJieH, 06'bHCHReMbli% B'b 3H3'1HTeJib-HOit Mtpt HX'b TeMnepaMeHTOM'b, 6bIJI'b 6bI COBepmeHHO ueyMt-CTeH'b npen'b pyCCl:\HMH cynhHMH, npoH3BOJJ:ff BneqaTJitHie TpaBJIH noncynnMaro. HtMellHiH o6BHHHTeJihHbIR p·squ 6hIJIH Mano uaatcTHbI 11 c1wpte npencTaBJIHJIH Hau:uenHpcHo-aKaneMH'leCHiH paacymneuiH, ue BmHy11dHcH co cBo6onoit mnBoro CJioaa. Ptq11 aurnHicHHX'b o6BHHHTeJieit, B'b BHJJ:Y cymecTBeHHaro pa3JIH'liH Memny HOHCTpyH-llieit aumiitc1rnro u Halllero yronoauaro npouecca, enaa nu 6bI.iU! yno6HbI JJ:JIH nonpamaHiR. IToaToMy HYif\HO 6hmo noitrn caoeti: no-poroi% H C3MOCTOHTeJibHO Bblpa6oT3Tb THil'b o6BHHHTeJIH. 8Ty 33-naqy, HpaBCTBeHHo o6HaaTeJibHYIO mrn ntRTeneit nepaaro necHTH-n'kTiH cyne6HoH pecf>opMbI, o6ner'IHJIH cocTaBnTeJIH Cyne6HbIX'b YcTaBOB'b. CoanaBaH npoHypopa-o6BHHHTeJIR u yHaaaB'b e111y ero aanaqy, OHH uaqepTaJIH H HpaBCTBeHHbIH Tpe6oBaHiH, l:\OTOpLIR o6Jiefli3IOT'b H B03Bbllll3IOT'b ero aanaqy' OTHHMaR y HCilOJIHeHiR eH cf>opM3JibHYIO qepcTBOCTb H 6eanymuyro ucno;1HHTeJihHOCTb. 0HH BMtHHJIH B'b o6H33HHOCTb npoHypopy OTl:\33bIB3TbCH OT'b 06-B~HeHiH B'b Ttxo CJiyqaRX'b, Horna OH'b uattneT'b onpaanauiR noncy-JJ:HMaro yBamuTeJihHbIMH' H aaHBJIHTb 0 TOM'b cyny no COBtCTH , BHOCH, T3RHM'b o6paaOM'b, B'b ntHTeJibHOCTb cmopoHbl aJieMeHT'b 6e3-npHCTpacTiH, ROTopoe noJimHo ObITh CBOHCTBeHHO cynht. 06puco-BhIBaH, H3CROJibKO 3TO B03M0a\HO B'b 33KOHt, npieMbI o6Bl!HeHi.fl, Cyne6Hbre YcTaBbI naroT'b npoRypopy auymuTeJihHbIR uacTaBne-HiH, YR33blB3ff eMy, 'ITO B'b ptqu CBOeit OH'b He nonmeH'h HH npencTa-BJIRTb ntna B'b OJJ:HOCTOpomreM'b Birnt, H3B.ileRaH H3'b Hero TOJiblW o6CToHTeJihCTBa, yn:uqaIOllliH noncynHMaro, HH npeyaenuquaaTb aua-'leHie i:tORaaaTeJibCTB'b u ynnR'b mrn BamuoCTH npecTynneuiR. Ta-RHM'b o6pa30!l:l'b, B'b CHJIY 3THX'b 3TH'leCl:\I1X'b Tpe6oaauiit, npoRy-pop'b npurnamaeTCH CRaaaTb CBoe CJIOBO H B'b onpoaepmeuie o6cToR-TeJihCTB'b, 1waa6WUXCR npH npenauiH cyny CJIOif\HBllIHMHCR npOTHB'b noncynnMaro, npH 'leM'b B'b o:utuRt H B3BtlllHB3HiH JJ:Ol:\333TeJihCTB'b OH'b BOBCe He cTtcueH'b utml'.llm o6BIIHeHiH. l1HbIMH CJIOB3MH, OH'b-W60PRU/iii ny6J1u11Ho cyob!l. Ha 06.flaaHHOCTH ero nemHT'b crpynm1-posaTh u npoBtpHTh Bee uao6nuqa10mee noncynnl\iaro, u ecnu non-neneHHbrit HM'b HTon, co ueo6xonnMhIM'b u 06.RaaTeJihHbIM'b yqeTOM'b ncero, ronopRmaro B'b nonhay o6BHHReMaro, coanacT'b B'b ue~I'b y6t-mi:teuie B'b BHHOBHOCTH nocntnuHro, 33.ffBHTb 0 TOM'b cyny. CntnaTb 3TO nano B'b CBH3HOM'b H nocntnoBaTeJihHOM'b H3JIOif\eHiH' co CilOROtl-HhlM'b JJ:OCTOHHCTBOM'b HCilOJIHRe?tiaro rpycTHaro nonra, 6e3'b na-


16 I'oJZoco MuHyewazo.

eoca, Hero;a:oeaHiH H npecJit;a:oeaHiH 1mnoi1:-JIH00 HHoit u:tmi, RpoMt npaeocy;a:i11, ROTopoe ;a:ocTHraeTCH He HenpeMtHHbIMo coz.llacie.Mo cy;a:a c1, ;a:oeo;a:aMH OOBHHHTemr, a HerrpeMtHHhIMo eb1c.11ywaHie.Mo HX'h. Tam, HMeHHO noHHMaJI'I> aa;a:aqy ooBHHHTen:a 06mrnc1dtt, H Bet ero pt'IH, 111em;a:y npO'IHM'I> H B'b 3HaMeHHTOMo MOCl\OBCROMo :a:tnt HryMeHbH MHTpolf>aHiH' OblJIH ncer;a:a npOHl1KHYTbI CIIOROHCTBieM'b TOHa' qeJJOBi>'lHOCTblO H yot;a:HTeJibHOCTbIO JJ:OBOJJ:OB'b 6ea'I> npeyee-JIH'leHHaro ToJrnoeaHiH yJIHJ\b H ;a:oRaaaTeJil>CTB'I>. Cocrpa;a:areJI1>-H1>1:it H MHrRiH TaM'I>, r;a:t JJ:JIR 3Toro B'h OOCTOHTeJibCTBax·h ;a:tJia' B'h JIH'IHOCTH H B'h mHaHH no;a:cy;a:mvrnro ObIJIH RaRi11-n:1160 ;a:aHHhIR, OH'b ObIJI'h Tpe6oBaTeJieH'b H HaCTOtt'lHB'b no OTHOllleHiIO R'I> npe;a:-CTaBHTeJIRM'I> aa1mHa H BJiaCTH' 1corna OHH HapywaJIH nepBbIH HJIH anoynoTpeoJIHJIH BTOpOIO. lliHBbIM'h JIH'lHbIM'b npHMtpOM'b H B'b ne-'laTH OH'I> CTapaJICR ycTaHOBHTb npO'IHblti B3rJIHJJ:'b Ha cy;a:e6Hb!R npeHiH H Ha HX'b aa;a:aqy cnymHTb JIHWb scecTOpOHHeMy BbIRCHeHilO JJ:OCTynHoit qeJioBt'leCROMY nOHHMaHilO npaBJJ:b! B'h ;a:trrt' a He JIH'l-HOMY caMomo6iro HJIH CTpeMJieHiIO R'h ycntxy HHorga C'b ymepOOM'b .!lJIR cnpasenJIHBOCTH. floneepraR TIUaTeJibHOMY' OCHOBaHHOMY Ha onhlrl, aHaJIHay TaKD Haa1>rnaeMoe cy;a:eoHoe Rpacuoptqie, OH'I> Ha-xoJJ:HJI'h, 'ITO «:a:ap'L CJIOBa», T.-e. cnoco6HOCTb H3'b HeMHOrHX'b lf>aR-TOB'b cpaay Hao6pa3HTb CHJibHO ;a:tAcrnyromyro Ha nepBbiit B3rJIRJJ:'b RapTHHY' HrpaeT'L B'L cy;a:e6HbIX'h rrpeHiRX'I> He TOJlbRO BTOpocreneH-HYJO, Ho ;a:ame H sosce ueuymHyro po.rr1>. BnyM'lHBOCTb B'h rmareJibHO HayqeuHblff H y:a:epmaHHbIR B'h naMRTH OOCTOHTeJJbCTBa, pacRpbl-Tblff H3CJit;a:oeauieM'L JJ:O cy;a:a, HaXOJJ:'IHBOCTb npH npostpRt HX'b Ha cyllt, rnyooRoe H HCRpeuuee y6tmneHie, nocntnosareJI1>Hocrh 11 HCHOCTb H3JIO>ReHiH npoCTbIM'b H JIHllleHHbIM'b Bbl'IYP'h R3b!ROM'b-BOT'L 'ITO uymHo, no ero MHtHiro, JJ:JIH cyge6Hoit pt'IH. Hamnhlii onhITHhlit cyneoHhlit ntaTeJI1>, HoHeqHo, He Momen He cornac11T1>c11 B'L 3TOM'L C'L HHM'L, HaK'b H C'L pRUOM'b scecropOHHe paaBMTbIX'L H3-cntnoeaHHi coepeMeHHaro nonoiHeHiH cntncrseHHoM: qacr11 H Hpas-CTBeHHaro CTpOH a;a:Bo:KaTypbI B'I> ero HHTepecHoti RHMrt «3aKOH'b u 6blmo». B1> 3THX'h oqepRax'h H nacntlloBaHiHX'h, HanHcaHHhIX'b RpRo H JJ:O:KaaaTeJibHO, R3bIHOM'L, HJJ:Yll.{HM'b H3'b «mam:a:ymaro H anqymaro npaBllhl» cep:a:ua,-aaimroqaeTca paapa6orHa pana 6on1>-HhlX'L sonpocosn, soaHHRWHX'h npH np1rntHeHiH Cyne6HbIX'b Ycra-BOB'h B'L TtX'h o6naCTRX'L, ni:t aaROH'L, onpelltJIHH B'b o6mnx'h qep-Tax'b 'lmo Ha;a:o lltnaTb, OCTaBJIHeT'b upaBCTBeHHOMY qyscrsy CBO-OOllY ptWHTb, KQlib 3TO lltJiaTb. ropbRaR HpOHiR DO IIOBOll.Y OTCTy-IIJieHHi: OT'b 3TOfO 'lYBCTBa, Ha pany C'b ooraTbIMH np11MtpaMH H3'h pyccRoit H uuocrpaHHoit npaHTHRH, ;a:tnaeT'L 3TH crpaHHUhl oco6o noy'lnTeJII>HhIMH H HH'IYTh He YTPaTHBlll1111rn ceoero aHa'leHiR H B'h -caMbie noCJitllHie roJJ:bl pycc:Koit mHaHH.


n. H. 06HHHcKi l1.


Ha cJZy:>1e610 Cyoe6Hbl.M.o Y cmaea.wo. 17

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18 I'O.llOCb l'1L1Hyewa20 .

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EJiaroponHhril: 6oeuo aa Cyne6Hhre YcrnBhr He nomHJI'b no Ha-

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JI a cJ1y:HC610 Cyoe6Hbl.M.o J1 cmaea.M.o. 19

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20 I'oJloco MuHyBwaw.

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32 I'o.rioco Muttyewa20.

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RBHO IlOll'h SHaJ

34 I'oJZoco i\1uttyewa20.

mamrnxn ROJioHiH, coBepmeHHO Hecnoco6HbIX1> yp:oBJieTBop.RTb no-Tpe6HOCT.R!II1> CTpaHbl. IlyCTh name 3TH RO.lIOHiH cnoco6HbI Rn naJib-HtDmeMy pa3BHTiIO, OH'B He Bl> CHJiaXn OCBOoonHTb Haen OT1> Harnett aaBHCHMOCTH OT'b 11ymHX1> CTpaH'b, Ta.Kn I BCe1.rlmo, a Bl> OTHOIIIeHiH BbIB03a nponyHTOBl> Bl> 3Ha-'IHTeJihHOD CTeneHH OT1> aarpaHHUbI... Bl\'l'BcTt Cl> TtMn RpynHbI.R HHOCTpaHHbl.R rocyp:apcrna CTpeMHTCH Bee OOJI'Be OTroponHTbCH on, Haen, 1IT06bl IlO]lHHTh CBOIO co6CTBeHHYIO HHnycTpiIO H CaMHMl> CTaTb B'h 3.KOHOMH'leCROMl> OTHOIIIeHiH HeaaBHCHMbIMH. Bonpocn me o 6ea-npenHTCTBeHHOM'h pacrnHpeHiH HarueD nimoBott clf>epbI CTaHOBHTCH ]lJIH Haen BOnpOCOM'J;> il\H3HH H CMepTH, ec.rrn Mbl XOTHM1> nocTaBHTb HaIIIeMy pacTyIUeMy HaceJieHiIO pa6oTy H XJit6n. J1tn qepean ]le-CHTh y Haen 6y]leT'b 80 MHJIJiiOHOB'b HaceJieHi.R H OHH He HattnyTn ce6t npomnaHiH Bl> npe]l'tnaxn cTapblxn rpaHHUn HMnepin. BMtcT'B en T'BMn Mb! IIOHHJIH, J\a.KOe Baamoe 3Ha'leHie HM'BeTn IWJIOHiaJibHa.R nt11TeJihHOCTh !{JI.ff RYJihTypHaro npecTHma Hapona . . • On paaMtpoBn eH 6yneT1. aaBHC'BTb Bonpoci, Bl> .KaRoit CTeneHH Ramnhrtl: oTn'BJihHbiit Hapolln 6yneTn y'laCTBOBaTb Bl> ;Jltnt rocnoncTBa Hann MipoMn 6tnoit paCbI, H O'leHh B03MOil\HO, 'ITO CTpaHbl, y ROTOpbIXl> He 6yneTn RO-JIOHiH, He 6ynyTD CTOHTh Bl> p11naxn BeJIHRHXl> eBponeHCRHXl> ]lep-maBn, .Ka.Kn 6bI HH 6bIJIH OHM MorymecTBeHHbI BO BCtXn OCTaJibHbIXl> OTHorneHiHXl>».

HacyIUHOD «HCTOpH'leCROil:» aanaqeti, CTO.RIUeit nepe]ln repMa-HieD, HBJIHeTCH noaTOMY «C03]laHie ROJIOHiaJibHOit HMnepiH».

Ha Ta.Koit me TO'IR't ap'BHiH CTO.RTn H HtHoTophle npencTaBHTeJIH npaBaro HJIH peqiopMHCTCRaro Rph!na couiann-lleMoRpaTH'leCROit napTiH. 11JIH MHa'le: cymecTByIOTl> H HMnepiaJIHCTbI-couiaJIHCTbl, cymecTByeTo oco6a11 «couiaJIHCTH'leCRaH» HOJioHiaJibHa.R noJIHTHHa.

Bn aTOMl> OTHomeHiH o'leHh noRaaaTeJihHa 6pow1opa fHJihne-6paHTa: «Socialistische Auslandspolitik».

Ilo]ll> «couiaJIUCTH'leC.KOit» HOJIOHiaJihHOit IlOJIHTHHOH aBTOpn no]lpaayM'BBaeTn TaHyro, ROTopa11, BO nepBbIX'h, npHaHaeT'b npaBo 6C1bXb Hauitt Ha npio6p'BTeHie ROJIOHiD, paan oui; B'b HHX'b Hym.o;aIOTCH, a He H'BHOTOph!Xl> TOJihRO, MOHOIIOJIH3HpOBaBllIHX1> 3TO npaBO. «He-cnpaBe]lJIHBO», eCJIH AHrJiiH H paHUi.R MtrnaIOTl> rep~taHiH ycTpOHThCH B"b AcppHRt, «couiaJJHCTH'leCROD» HOJIOHiaJihHOM nom1-TH.KOit fHJihne6paHT1> nonpaayMtBaeTn .o;aJI'Be TaRyro, HoTopa.R Tpe-oyen ry!ll3HHaro OOpameHiH Cl. Ty3eMHhIM1> HaCeJJeHieMn, HaROHel.(n, Ta.Kyro, .KOTopa11 npenno'IHTaeT'b p'BrnaTh Iionpocn o pacnpentneHiH


J1deO.f102iR zepMaHClla20 UMnepiaJZU3Ma. 36

HOJIOHiii He CHJIOIO Metra, a nyTeMb MHpHbIXb neperOBOpOBb H no-

roBOpOBb.

Ho 11 JJ:JIH co1..dan11crn-11MnepiaJrncrn npioopineHie HOJIOHiil Ha-

cyruHaH HeOOXOJJ:HMOCTh,-Bb B11JJ:Y onpeni>JIHBllHIXCH Cb noCTaTO'I-

HOH O'IeBHJJ:HOCThlO «TeHnem.dil MipOBOro X03Hfl:CTBa» l\OJIOHiH He-

·OOXOJJ:liMbI JJ:JIH «3nopoBaro pa3BHTiH X03HHCTBa Hau:ioHaJihHaro».

Ta1n 1rnHb Cb npyrou cTopoHhI 11rnTepiaJihHoe 11 cou:iaJihHoe no-

JiomeHie paooqaro J\JlaCCa oyneTb Ti>Mb OOJii>e 6naronpiHTHbIMb,

'ItMb OOJihllie pbIHHOBb JJ:JIH c6bITa CBOHXb npony1n0Bb 11 AJIH nony-

'IeHiH ChipbH oyneTb Hb ycJiyraMb Hi>MeU:HOH npOMbIUIJieHHOCTH,

TO BCHI\Oe «CTpeMJieHie pacurnpHTb ccpepy repMaHCHOH ni>JIOBOH IBH3HHJ;

Jl:OJIIBHO BCTpi>THTh nonnepmHy co CTOpOHbI nponernpiaTa, Hal\b

BCHJ\aH ITOITblTJ\a co CTOpOHbI npyrHXb nepmaBb «CTi>CHHTh Hi>MeU:J\Oe

X03HHCTBO» JJ:OJIIBHa BbI3BaTh :meprH'IHbIH OTnOpb Cb ero CTOpOHbl.

1-li>Mb OOJii>e llIHpOHie CJIOH Hi>Meu:Haro ooruecTBa npOHHJ\aJIHCb

C03HaHieMb, 'ITO O'IepenHoit «HCTOpH'IeCJ\OH» 3anaqetf, CTOHIUeil

nepenb CTpaHofi, HBJIHeTCH «C03JJ:aHie KOJIOHiaJibHOH HMnepiH»,

Ti>Mb qarue ITOHBJIHJIHCb poMaHbl, H300pamaBIUie oynylUiH BO itHbl

I'epMaHiH BO HMH npioopi>TeHiH J\OJIOHiH.

Tal\b Hal\b rnaBHOH J\OHKypeHTJ\OH repMaHiH Ha MipoBOMb phI HITT

HBJIHeTCH AHrJiiH, TO OOhl'IHO 3TH poMaHbl noBi>crnyIOTb o BOHHt

MMeHHO Cb AHrnieiL HaHb Ha npHMi>pb, MOIBHO yKa3aTh Ha poMaH'L

A. H11MaHa «MipoBaH Boi1Ha» («Weltkrieg», 1905). EnHHCTBeHHOH B03MOIBHOCThIO coHpyumTh MipoBoe rocnoncTBO

AHrniM aBTOpb C'IHTaeTb COI03'h Memny repMaHiett, Pocciett H Cl>paH-

u:iefi. IloHHMaH yTOnM'IHOCTh nono6Haro TpoiicrneHHaro co103a,

H11MaHb Ha3BaJib CBOH poMaHb «Me'ITaMM Hi>Mu:a» («Traume ei neli

Deutschen»).

Bb poMaHt 11306pamaeTCH, HaHb pyccKiH BoilcHa BTopra10TcH

Bb J1Hnilo, Kal\b OHM onepIBHBaIOTb nooi>ny npH Jlaropt ( OTtiaCTH

6JiaronapH M3Mi>Hi> HHJJ:yccKHXb BOHCKb), HaHb coen11HeHHbIH cppaHKO-

repMaHcKiH 3CKaJJ:pbI pa30HBaIOTb aHrniHCKiit cpJIOTb, KaKb CHaqaJia

HtMU:bl, a ITOTOMb H cppaHU:Y3hl H pyccKie BbICaIBHBaIOTb necaHTbl

Ha aHrJiiMCKOH ITO'IBi>, H KaKb_. HaKOHeU:b, COI03HbIH BOMCKa ITOOi>JJ:H-

TeJIHMH BCTynaIOTb Bb JlOHJJ:OHb.

H3b HeynatJHott BOHHbI AHrJiiH BhIXOJJ:HTb pa3rpoMJieHHOH H Bhl-

11ymneHa ycTynHTh I'epMaHiH 'IaCTb CB011Xb acppHKaHCKHX'L KOJIOHifi:.

CTOpOHHHKOMb 3HeprH'IHOH KOJIOHiaJihHOH noJIHTHKM BbICTynaeTb

Bb po111aHt Htt]ltaHa HMnepcKitt KaHu:nepb. Ha Bonpocb rJiaBHOKO-

MaHny10ruaro .uecaHTHott apMiefi np11Hu:a I'eHp11xa, HaM·speHb JIM

OHb Bb caMOMb ni>Jit OTHHTh y AHrJiiH eH J\OJIOHiH H BCTynHTh Ha

nyTh TBepnott HOJIOHiaJibHOH ITOJIHTHKH, HaHu:Jiepb OTBi>qaeTb:

~na, H C'IHTaIO 3TO OJJ:HHMb H3b HaHOOJii>e Baif\HbIXb TpeoosaHiii

3*


36 r OJlOCb A'1 UJ-~ yew a 20.

BpeMeHH. MhI o6RaaHbI BocnoJIHHTb npo6i>nn, ocTaBJICHHhJJ:i: noJIHTH-

HOH Haurnxn npe;o:rnecTBeHHHHOB'b. ITpycciR Morna 6h1 yme ui>JihIM'h CTOJii>TieM'b p aHbrne cTaTb CHJibHOtl: Mop c1wi1 ;o:epmaBoJ:i:; H arnHM'h HecqacTieM'b 6bJJIO TO, qTo JJ;aJibHOBH;o:HaR TIOJIHTHI\a BeJIHKar o Kyp-

cf11opcrn p aa611nacb o He;o:ocTaToqHoCTh ero cpen:cTB'b. EcJrn 6b1 ero npeeMHHHH normrn no ero cTonaMn, To mmorn:a Benm-w6p11rnHi R

He n:ocTHrJia 6b1 TaHoro MorymecTB3, 3 MhI 11 paHhIIIe 06eaneq1rn11 6b1 ce6i; CBOIO JJ:OJIIO B'b BHi>-eBpone.il:CKl1 X'b BJiaJJ:i>HiRX'b».

P3TYR 33 :meprnqHyIO HOJIOHiaJibHYIO non11Tl1HY, l\3HU:Jiepn BMi>CTi> C'b Ti>M'b CTOpOHHl1Kb 11;o:e11 C03JJ:3HiR MOfyq3ro BOCHH3f0 cpJioTa. Hor;o:a npttHU'h T'eHpttxn yHaabrnaeTn eMy, npe;o:ocTeperaR,

Ha OTpHUaTeJihHOC OTHOIIICHie noqT11 BCi>X'h napTiil: B'b pe.tl:xcrnri>

JJin oui>HHTh 3HaqeHie 4JrroTa. MbI BhIWJill , Rn cqacTiIO, H3n noJIOChI y qeHHqecKHXn Jii>Tu,.

33 ROTOphrn ;o:oporo aamrnnrn11. Hbrni> MhI o6aaaHbI yn:epmaTb TO , qTo 11Mi>eMn, 11 B3RTh Haaa;o:n, qTo Harvm 6hrno ynymeHo. Hi>MeuHiH

Hapo;o:"h 6y;o:eT'b OTHbIHi> n11TaTb JJ:OBi>pie H'b Harne.ti: KOJIOHiaJibHOH

TIOJIHT11Hi>» 1). Ha pa;o:y en poMaHal\rn, nocBRll..{CHHhIMH on11caHi10 6yn:ym11xn

BO.il:H"h fepMaHiH BO 11MR npio6pi>TeHiR HOBbIX'b l\OJIOHiil:, IlORBJIR-JIHCb Bn noCJii>D:Hie r on:hI ece· q311..{e 11 pol\taHhI, 11ao6p3IB3BIIIie 11JUI B"b 6bITOBbIXb TOH3X'b Hp3Bbl H3CeJieHiH yme npio6pi>TeHHhIX"h l\0-

JIOHiii, B'b oco6eHHOCT11 a4JpHK3HCKHXn, Hann, Hanp., pOM3H'b pHJJ:bl cpoH'b BIOJI OB"h «Im L ande der Verhei ssung», HJIH me en np11Mi>ChIO cpaHTaCTHKll H CHMBOJI11Kl1 KOJIOHH3aTOpcKyIO n:i>RTCJibHOCTb r epMaH-CHaro H3po;o:a Ha ;o:aJICKHXn CH3 3QqHo-npeKpaCHbIX'b H CKaaoqHo-

6oraTbIX"b OCTpoBaX'b' aaTepRHHhIX'b cpen11 6ea6pemHOCTH IOif\Haro oHe3H3, K3H'h, Hanp., poMaH'b fey1-w «Rust».

TaK"h RaH'b ocy mecTBHTh ceoro KOJIOHiaJihHYIO nporp3:.IMy f epMa-HiH cyMi>eT1, TO Ji bnO B'b TOM'b cnyq3i;, ecn11 06eaneli11Tn ce6i> noJrn -

THqecRyro rereM0Hi 10 B'b C3MO.il: Eeponi>, To en Tpe6oB3HieM'b npio6pi>-

1) TaKb TO'rno Bn aHOHHMHOM'b po~taH-B «Voelk er Europasl D er Krieg der Zukunft», rn-B 1-1ao6parnaeTc11 (Hbrni> cTaBina11 aHTOMn) 06me-esponefi -CHa11 BOHlia , HOH'laJOUlaRCR paarpOMOM'b AHrJiiH, repMaHiR noJiy'laeT'b U'B-JlblM PRll'b HOJIOHiH, npHHanJieJHalllHX'b e11 conepHHU'E, a HMemro 6ypcHyIO pecny6JIHHY, Poneai10, C-tsep11y10 'IaCTh HanJiaHna, KpoM-B Toro H aaa6JiaHKa H Maranupn Bn MapoHo, a wan rropTyraJihCKHXn sJian-tHiH Manepy n Aaop-CHie OCT]JOBa. TaH'b HaK'b IlOCJI'B BOHHhl roJIJiaHUiR, cparnaornaRCR B'b COJ031; C'b H'BMUal\rn , BXOUHT'b, Kal:\'b COCTaBHaR '!aCTh B'b repMaHCHYIO HMnepi10 , TO H 6oraTbl11 f OJIJiaHUCKi R HOJIOHiH (Hsa , EopHeo n T. n.) TaK;Ke CTaHOBRTCR B'L CYlllHOCTH co6 cTBeHHOCThlO rep!t'laHill, rrpeop am a10mei1CR TaJ-m M'b o6pa-30M'b B'b nepBOKnaccHyJO HOJIOHiaJihHYIO neprnasy.


Hoeo.n.02ia 2ep.ttaHc1w20 UMnepia.n.uaMa. 37

TeHiff KOJIOHiit HUeOJIOfli l1M!1epiaml3Ma OQblqHo CBa3hIBaIOT'b . Hne10 CHJibHOti: l\OHTHHeHTaJihHOH f epMaHiH.

«Bb uacTOamee BpeMa,-aaMtqaeT'b reuepaJib B epurapnH,-MN HaXOJ:(HMCa Bb oqenh aaTpynHHTeJibHOMb nOJIOif\eHiH . fJoqTH co BCi>Xb cTopoHb uac·h OKpymaIOTb Bpamne6Hblff rocynapcTBa, nponrnont:ti:-CTBy10mia BC'BMb uallll1M'b ycTpe:r.meuiaMb B'h 06JiacT11 BH'BlllHeA noJIHTHI\11. Hallla nepBaa aanaqa- paab uascerna noRoHqHTh Cb rnm1Mb noJ10meuieMb Beme:ti:. EcJIH MhI XOTHM'h CTaTh Mipono:ti: nepma-Boil, TO MbI UOJI'.H\HhI npemne Bcero BHOBh aaBoeBaTb CBOIO nOJil1TH-qecnyIO ueaaBHCHMOCTb. Heo6xon11Mo aci>MH CHJia:r.rn yHp1rn11Tb nallle Morymecrno ua l\OHTHHeuTt, pacllIHp11Tb clflepy uawero Bniauia Bb caMoii Eaponi»>.

reuepaJib Bepurap.n:.11 cntwl1Tb np11 3TOMb orosop11TbCa, 'ITO pt11b l1J:(eTb Bb .n:aHHOMb CJiy11at He 0 «3aBoeBaTeJihHOH nOJ111Tl1Ri>», H6o nocJit.n:uaa npoT11Boptq11Tu Ra.Kb «nyxy apeMenm>, Ta1n H «l1CTl1HHbIMb l1HTepecaMb» repMaui11: «Bb EBpont MbI MOfJ111 6bI noJiy1111Tb JI11lllh TaRyIO o6JTaCTh, uace"reuie ROTopoii uaacer.n:a ocTa-HeTca naMb Bpamne6HhIMb )>.

I1epenb aaopaM11 l1Mnepiamrcrn oohlqno uoc11Tca Hnea uoaaro !10JUiTHlJeCl\aro COI03a IlOD:b r JiaBeHCTBOMb repMaHi H, H 3Ta HJ:(eR 06ne1rneTCa B'b HMnepiaJil1CTCKOH JIHTepaTypt Bb HoM6ttuauiu.

Ta1n, reueparrb Bepurapn11 cq11TaeTb ueo6xonHMblMb Bb HHTepe-caxb «yrryqweHiFf BOeHHaro IlOJIO'.H\eHiH>> fepMaHiH, B'b HHTepecaX1'> ~ Ho acerna rJiaauy10 po.rrL B'b npa-B11TeJibCTBt CoenHHeHHbIX'b lliTaTOBb Eaponhl HrpaeT'b repMaHiR, no6hIBUiaa ce6i> no6tnottocHoi1 ao:ti:uoii nomrrnqecRym rereMoHiIO ua KOHTHHeuTi>, a HHorna (Kam, Bb poMant Poaerrepa) npeaH-.nenTOMb CoenttueuHbIXb lliTaTOB'h EBponhI aBJIFCeTCFf repMancRiil: HMnepaTOpo.

HaROHe11:1,, HHorna HOBhlH nOJIHTHlJeCRitt COI03b, BO r .;ias·t HO-

li1161u10TeKa "PyH11sepc"

38 J'oJZoco NluHyewa20.

TOparo CTOHTb repMUHiH, IrnKb HaH60Jite Cl1JibHaH KOHTHHeHTUJibHaff

.o:epmana, nony1rneTb Sb HMnepiaJrncTcKoi1 JIHTepaTypt xapaKTepb

cneuiaJibHO

repMaHCKiH rocy.o:apcTsa KOHTHHeHTa COJ!b!OTCH Sb e.o:HHblit seJIHKiK

HapoJJ.b, Kb l\OTOpOMY set rep~.rnHCKiH Hapo.o:HOCTH ctsepa: ruseJJ,bl, .o:aTqaHe 11 HopseIBUbl 6y.o:yTb THfOTtTh Sb CHJIY 3aKOHa np11TH>KeHiH,

1160 Mb! m11seMb Bb ;moxy' xapame_pHblMb npH3HaJ-:OMb KOTopofl HSJIHeTCH CTpei\IJieHie o6pa30Sb!BaTb KpynHb!H rocy.o:apCTsa».

I111-mepiaJI11CTCKaH MeqTa 0 «COI03t ueHTpaJibHO-esponetiCKHXb

JJ.ep masb» HJIH o «Coe.0:11HeHHbIXb llhaTaXb Esponbr» npespamaeTcH ,.

TaKHMb o6pasoMb, l1Hor.o:a Sb 11.0:ero emrnoi1:, oxsaThrna1omei1 set repMaHCKiH Hapo.O:HOCTH' repMaHiH, ein pangermanisches Deutsch-land. ·

Ecn11 o.o:Hw 11Mnepian11cTbI, Tt, KOTOpb1e sb1pama10Tb npem.1yme-CTBeHHO l1HTepeCbI npOMbllliJieHHaro Kamna.rra, cq11TaIOTb oqepe.O:HOH

«HCTOp11qeCKOi1:» 3a.o:aqei1:, CTOHUleH nepe.O:b repMaHieti, npio6ptTeHie

HOBb!Xb KOJIOHiit, TO JJ.pyrie, npOTl1SHl1Kl1 l1H.O:YCTpiaml3~ta. CTOpOH-· HHKH npe11MymecrneHHo arpapHaro cTpoH, no.o:pa3yMtsaron, nom,

«pacru11peHieMb repMaHCKOH Tepp11Topim> 3asoesaHie fO.O:HOH nO.O:b nantHIO 3eJ1;1JIH (Ackerboden) Bb caMo:H Espont.

«E.o:sa n11,-rosop11Tb He6e3bl3Bi>cTHbI:i1: ucTopHKb B11pTb Bb csoei1 HH11rt «Rasse und Volk»,-MOiHHO ycMoTptTb qTo-H116yJJ.h nonom11-

TeJibHOe Bb pa3BI1BaIOUlettCH HH.O:yCTpiaJIH3aUiH repMaHiH, Sb TOMb, qTo S03.0:YXb, IWTOpb!Mb Mb! .O:billieMb, CTaHOSHTCH see xyme H Te11mte, Bb TOM'b, qTQ pacTyTb 111exaH113aUiH H osstpeHie >KH3Hl1, Bb TOM'b,

qrn ¢a6p1HHb1i1 pa6o'lii1 nee 6oJite npespamaeTCH sb pa6a». TaKb KaKb rpaH.o:io3Hoe pa3s11Tie npoMbiruJieHHOCTH HBJIHeTCR

6e3ycJIOSHbIMb 3:'lOMb, To Heo6xo.0:11Mo «OTKJIOHHTh He TOJ! bKO Ty11raH-HbIH yToniH couiaJIHCTOSb, HO 11 sc1rny10 Miponym IlOJIHHIKY (\'/elt und Machtpolitik), cq11rn10my10rn Hc1w10q11TeJihHO Cb HHTepecaMH

HHJJ.yCTpim>. «.UOCTOMHOe qeJIOBi>Ka cymeCTBOBaHie» S03MO>KHO TOJibKO TaMb, r.o:t .o:ocTaTOqHo

JiloeO/lOZi.M'h ue Mente OH'b ue MomeT'b soanep-maTbCH OT'b npoapaquaro uaMe1m: «061>Tosauua11 cTpaua» .nemHT'b, 01» EeponbI.

Ilonoouo TOMY, R3R'b nepsoe H3'b oxapaRTep11aosaHHbIX'b Teqeuit!: HMnepiaJIHCTCHOH 11neoJioriu noponimo utnb1ti pRJJ:'b 6eJIJieTp11crn-qecRnx'b npouaeeneuiit, TaR'b H 11ne.a CMJibHOH arpapuoti fepMaui11 H31IIJia ce6t OTpameuie B'b H3Hll\HOH ;JHTepaTypt.

,I(oBOJibHO RpHOH HJIJIIOCTpauieit H'b 3TOit TeopiH RBJIR:eTCR po-MaH'b JI1one11ra Poaerrepa (cbrna 11aetcTHaro n11caTeJI11-uaponu11Ra IleTepa Poaerrepa): «fOJiblllTpOM'b» (Der Golfstrom).

Ilono6uo BupTy, Poaerrep'b ycMaTpHsaeT'b B'b onuocTopouueM'b pa3BMTiH uunycTpiu (co BCtMH eti npHCJll\HMH qepTaMH, RaR'b-TO : poCT'b ropOJJ:OB'b, poCROlllH H T. n.) eeJIHROe 3JIO, np11q11uy Bhlpomne-HiH coepeMeuuaro qeJioetqecTea.

IlpoTHB'b epenuaro RJJibTa npOMbllllJieHHOCTH BO MMR TopmecTsa «npocTOTbl upaBOB'b» Tll\eTHO IlOll:HHMaJI'b csott fOJIOC'b Mynpeua HMnepaTop'b BHJILreJihM'b II, ero uaabrnaJIH «qeJioBtROM'b OTCTa-JibIM'h», «poMaHTHROM'b-acReTOM'b», «aanoanaJibIM'b yqenHROM'b Pycco» . HaxonHJIHCh H npyrie 6JiaropaayMHbie monH, ocMtJIHsasllliecR yTBepmnaTh, qTO

40 I'o11.oco MuHyewa20.

nuui> HMnepaTopa Bnn&reJI&Ma II. l1 He TOJib:KO uyxoBHO H cnyqat- Ha BOCTO:Kt.

CTpeMHCh :Kl> «pacrnupeHiro repMaHc:Kotl: TeppHTopiH», HMnepia-JIH3M'b, eCTeCTBeHHO, npOHH:KHYT1> BOHHCTBeHHblM'b ll.YXOM'b, :KYJibTOMl> BOitHbl.

l1MnepiaJIHCTD-y6i>mneHHblit npoTHBHH:K'b nacHI H cepnua. Hb1Ht uapHTh cypoBaH

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HenapoM'b anMrpa4JoM'b K'b CBOJIM'b pascKaaaMu aBTOp'b Bbr6paJI'b .cJioBa Hwurne: «Bbr cnpanrnBaeTe, tITO xoporno ! Xoporno-obITb. xpa6pbIM'b» («Was ist gut, fragt ihr. Tapfer sein ist gut»).

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,[(o K8KOro BbICOKOMtpHaro ca.Moo6omaHiH UOXOUHJIH IlOKJIOHHHKH apiitcHaro mieMeHH, BHUHO XOTH 6bI H3u cn:tnyJOI..QHX'b CJIOBu OUHOrO H3'b CTOpOHHHKOB'b y:Ka3aHHO.i:t TeopiH (Augustin: «Die Arier und der Krieg»):

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EcJIH y nepBbIX'b nioHepoB'b 3Toit TeopiH Ms6paHHOi1 pacoit C'IH- ·

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44 I'o.floco Mw-tyewaw.

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