[livro] estatística espacial com aplicações em epidemiologia, economia e sociologia

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415 Wlsrorjld grv gdgrv hvsdfldlv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8

41514 Gdgrv gh Surfhvvrv Srqwxdlv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8

41515 Gdgrv gh vxshuiðflh dohdwöuld 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 44

41516 Gdgrv gh äuhd 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 46

41517 Gdgrv gh lqwhudêær hvsdfldo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 47

416 D suäwlfd gd dqäolvh gh gdgrv hvsdfldlv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 48

417 Vlvwhpdv Jhrjuä�frv gh Lqirupdêær h Hvwdwðvwlfd Hvsdfldo 1 1 1 1 1 4;

5 Dqäolvh gh Gdgrv gh Äuhd 54

514 Lqwurgxêær 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54

515 Pdwul} gh shvrv hvsdfldlv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54

516 Pdsdv frpr judirv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55

517 Dxwrfruuhodêær hvsdfldo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 59

518 Dxwrfruuhodêær hvsdfldo frp wd{dv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5<

6 Pdshdphqwr gh grhqêdv 64

614 Lqwurgxêær 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 64

615 Prghor Foävvlfr gh Ulvfrv Uhodwlyrv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 66

616 Pdsdv gh suredelolgdghv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 73

617 Hvwlpdêær ed|hvldqd hpsðulfd 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 76

61714 Ed|hv Hpsðulfr h r Sdudgr{r gh Vwhlq 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 76

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61717 Xp h{hpsor vlpsohv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7;

61718 Hvwlpdgruhv gh Ed|hv olqhduhv öwlprv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7<

61719 Hvwlpdgru öwlpr olqhdu ed|hvldqr hpsðulfr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 83

6171: Hvwlpdgru lqwhludphqwh ed|hvldqr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 84

7 Pdsdv ed|hvldqrv gh grhqêdv 86

714 R uhyhuhqgr Ed|hv qr �p gr vìfxor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 86

715 Prghor klhuäutxlfr ed|hvldqr sdud pdsdv gh grhqêdv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 88

71514 Ghfrpsrvlêær gr ulvfr uhodwlyr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 89

71515 Glvwulexlêær grv Klshusduåphwurv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8;

71516 Glvwulexlêær d Srvwhulrul 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8;

716 Sulrulv Hvsdfldophqwh Hvwuxwxudgdv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8<

71614 Fdpsrv dohdwöulrv gh Pdunry frpr glvwulexlêøhv d sulrul 1 8<

71615 Whruhpd gh Kdpphuvoh| h Fol�rug 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 93

71616 Sulrulv hvsdfldlv sdud gdgrv frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo 1 1 1 1 9:

717 Lpsohphqwdêær 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :4

718 H{hpsor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :5

719 H{whqvøhv= prghorv gh hvsdêr h whpsr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ;3

8 Whvwhv gh Frqjorphudgrv ;:

814 Whvwhv jhqìulfrv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <7

81414 Pìwrgr JDP gh Rshqvkdz 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <7

81415 Pìwrgr gh Ehvdj h Qhzho 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <:

81416 Dgdswdêær gr pìwrgr gh Fx}lfn h Hgzdugv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 433

81417 Pìwrgr gh Yduuhgxud gh Nxoogrui 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 433

815 Whvwhv irfdgrv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 437

81514 Dgdswdêær grv pìwrgrv dqwhulruhv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 439

81515 Whvwh gh hvfruh 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 43:

81516 Whvwh gh Vwrqh +4<;;, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 43<

816 Frqfoxvøhv 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 445

5 FRQWHÝGR

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qær frqwulexl frp qhqkxpd lqirupdêær dglflrqdo vreuh r phfdqlvprv jhudgru gh

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4151 WLSRORJLD GRV GDGRV HVSDFLDLV 8

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5161 PDSDV FRPR JUDIRV 56

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coordenada x

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wudedokrv xwlol}dqgr hvwd phwrgrorjld1 Xpd frqmxqwr ghvvhv wudedokrv dsduhfhx

qd äuhd gh pdshdphqwr gh grhqêdv/ frpr ghvfuhyhprv d vhjxlu1

61715 Wd{dv h ulvfrv uhodwlyrv frpr yduläyhlv dohdwöuldv

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sru �l h txh ul @ |l@Ql ì d wd{d revhuydgd/ rqgh |l ì r qýphur gh hyhqwrv qd äuhd

l h Ql ì r qýphur gh shvvrdv hp ulvfr1 Ì frpxp vxsru txh/ gdgd d wd{d ghvfrq0

khflgd �l/ d frqwdjhp |l gr qýphur gh fdvrv srvvxl glvwulexlê�dr gh suredelolgdgh

gh Srlvvrq frp hvshudqêd frqglflrqdo H+|lm�l, @ ql �l h ydulåqfld frqglflrqdo

Ydu+|lm�l, @ ql �l1 Qxp frqwh{wr qær0ed|hvldqr/ txdqgr |l srvvxl glvwulexlê�ær

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r huur pìglr gh hvwlpdêær H+�l � a�l,51

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xpd uhjxodulgdgh rx krprjhqhlgdgh ghulydgd grv surfhvvrv vrfldlv h dpelhqwdlv

vxemdfhqwhv txh dihwdp d uhjlær hp hvwxgr1 Hvvd uhjxodulgdgh qrv shuplwh prghodu

dv yduldêøhv qrv �l dwudyìv gh xpd glvwulexlêær gh suredelolgdgh1 Hvwh prghor

sdud dv wd{dv ghvfrqkhflgdv �l uhfrqkhfh txh hodv q�ær vær q�ýphurv wrwdophqwh

duelwuäulrv/ frpsohwdphqwh ghvfrqhfwdgrv/ pdv txh jxdugdp fhuwd uhodêær hqwuh

vl1 Sru h{hpsor/ sdud xp gdgr ihq÷phqr qxpd uhjlær/ dv wd{dv gh fdgd vxe0äuhd

surydyhophqwh yær hvwdu frqfhqwudgdv qxpd idl{d gh ydoruhv frp dojxqv srxfrv

ydoruhv srvvlyhophqwh pdlv didvwdgrv1

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lgìld lqwxlwlydphqwh vlpsohv h idflophqwh dfhlwäyho1 Hvwd derugdjhp/ qd vxd yhu0

vær rulhqwdgd sdud dqäolvh gh gdgrv/ dvvxph txh qrvvr frqkhflphqwr rx idowd gh

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srgh vhu uhsuhvhqwdgr sru xpd glvwulexlêær gh suredelolgdgh1 Pdlv hvshfl�fd0

phqwh/ rv ydoruhv ghvfrqkhflgrv h �{r vhuldp uhdol}dêøhv gh yduläyhlv dohdwöuldv

�l> l @ 4> ===> q frp fhuwd glvwulexlêær frqmxqwd1 R remhwlyr ì dwxdol}du qrvvr frq0

khflphqwr dfhufd ghvwdv txdqwlgdghv ghvfrqkhflgdv dsöv revhuydu rv gdgrv1 Ì

frpxp xvdu xpd qrwdêær xp srxfr pdlv dpeðjxd ghqrwdqgr dpedv/ wdqwr �l

txdqwr �l/ sru xp ýqlfr vðperor/ txh vhuä �l qhvwh olyur1

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xpd glvwulexlêær gh suredelolgdgh frpxp frp ydoru hvshudgr �� h ydul�åqfld �5�1

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pdwhpä wlfd frqkhflgd1

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rx 3151 Hvwd vær wd{dv lqdfhlwdyhophqwh dowdv h gl�fophqwh yhurvvðplvvhlv qr txdgur

gh vdýgh sýeolfd eudvlohlud qrv whpsrv dwxdlv1 Xpd pruwdolgdgh lqidqwlo gh 5(

rx suö{lpd glvvr vhuld xpd yhugdghlud fdodplgdgh sýeolfd1 Frpr d glvwulexlêær

dflpd dwulexl pdvvd gh suredelolgdgh ljxdo d 31739 sdud ydoruhv dflpd gh 315/

hod vhuld xpd hvfrokd pxlwr jurvvhlud sdud uhsuhvhqwdu qrvvr frqkhflphqwr gd

pruwdolgdgh lqidqwlo hp Plqdv Jhudlv1 Xp srxfr gh whqwdwlyd h huur/ dx{loldgr

sru glvfxvvøhv frp hslghlroöjrv/ ohyd d xpd glvwulexlêær pxlwr pdlv uhdolvwd/ d gh

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315 ì dshqdv 31346/ qær lpsrvvðyho pdv ud}rdyhophqwh lpsuryäyho1

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txh frpsduwlokdydp gd phvpd h{suhvvær gd lqfhuwh}d1 Sru rxwur odgr/ d ghwhu0

plqdêær gh irupd suìyld ã revhuydêær grv gdgrv grv sduåphwurv � h � +rx rxwurv

sduåphwurv ghwhuplqdqwhv gh dojxpd rxwud glvwulexlêær txh sxghvvh vhu hvfroklgd

dr lqyìv gd glvwulexlêær jdpd, ì ixqgdphqwdo sdud rv uhvxowdgrv �qdlv h/ gdgr vhx

fduäwhu vxemhwlyr/ h r pìwrgr ed|hvldqr �fdyd qhfhvvduldphqwh qxpd srvlêær gh0

ihqvlyd sdud frqyhqfhu revhuydgruhv fìwlfrv txh ì/ d�qdo/ xp grv judqgh remhwlyrv

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61716 Hvwlpdgru ed|hvldqr olqhdu öwlpr

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wdpeìp srgh vhu rewlgr idflophqwh1

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61717 Xp h{hpsor vlpsohv

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d sulrul �@�1

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d vhuhp hvwdehohflgrv/ r pìwrgr ed|hvldqr hpsðulfr surfxud hvwlpä0orv d sduwlu

grv suösulrv gdgrv1 Frpr d glvwulexlêær pdujlqdo grv gdgrv/ d elqrpldo qhjdwlyd

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61718 Hvwlpdgruhv gh Ed|hv olqhduhv öwlprv

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gd glvwulexlêær pdujlqdo grv gdgrv vær xpd erd vroxêær dowhuqdwlyd 1 Hqwuhwdq0

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hpsðulfrv1 Dvvlp/ hvwlpdgruhv olqhduhv gh Ed|hv sdvvdudp d vhu xwlol}dgrv srlv

r hvwlpdgru öwlpr qhvwd fodvvh ghshqgh dshqdv grv grlv sulphlurv prphqwrv gd

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t (tim

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estimated rate (quadratic model)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.00.00050.00100.0015

area

36ar

ea43

area

44ar

ea55

area

64ar

ea74

area

97ar

ea14

0

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hp Ehor Krul}rqwh gh 4<<8 d 4<<; gh dfrugr frp wuív prghorv= Ed|vldqr olqhdu

+hvtxhugd,/ wd{dv euxwdv +fhqwur, h ed|hvldqr sdudeöolfr +gluhlwd,


Wdehod 715= Wdehod frp rv txdwur pdsdv/ phvpd hvfdod/ gh pruwdolgdgh lqidqwlo

sru pxqlfðslrv hp Vær Sdxor hp 4<<:1 +4, Wd{d euxwd/ +5, P4/ +6, P5/ +7, P6


Wdehod 716= Wdehod frp rv txdwur pdsdv/ hvfdodv glihuhqwhv/ gh pruwdolgdgh lqidqwlo

sru pxqlfðslrv hp Vær Sdxor hp 4<<:1 +4, Wd{d euxwd/ +5, P4/ +6, P5/ +7, P6


prghor qö pìgld GS 518( phgldqd <:18(

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P6 � � 4:719 4351; 7:19: 4841; 73<13

�! 3173 3137 3166 3173 317:

�� 313< 3136 3138 313; 3147

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h olqirpdv wíp vlgr hvwxgdgr frp iuhtÿíqfld1 Gh lqwhuhvvh hvshfldo whp vlgr d

whqwdwlyd gh yhul�fdu d klsöwhvh gh txh hvwdv grhqêdv srvvxhp xpd fdxvd yludo

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frqjorphudgrv gh dowd lqflgíqfld1 Hvwä lpsoðflwd d vxsrvlêær gh txh d klsöwhvh

gh ruljhp yluöwlfd ohyd lphgldwdphqwh d frqjorphudgrv/ vxsrvlêær hvwd txh whp

vlgr frqwhvwdgd pdlv uhfhqwhphqwh/ whqgr hp ylvwd uhvxowdgrv gh shvtxlvd vreuh

rv phfdqlvprv gh wudqvplvvær yludo h d h{lvwíqfld gh orqjrv shuðrgrv gh odwíqfld

txh dpruwhfhp d irupdêær gh frqjorphudgrv dr orqjr gr whpsr1 Hqwuhwdqwr/ rv

hvwxgrv gh frqjorphudgrv vær lpsruwdqwhv srlv ì gh lqwhuhvvh lghqwl�fdu äuhdv gh

ulvfr pdlv hohydgr hp phlr d uhjløhv pdlruhv gh ulvfr dsur{lpdgdphqwh frqvwdqwh

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sdud uhdol}du hvwxgrv pdlv sruphqrul}dgrv qdv äuhdv lghqwl�fdgdv1 Xp phokru

hqwhqglphqwr gd hvwuxwxud gh frqjorphudgrv hvsdfldlv gh xpd grhqêd ohyd d xpd

dqäolvh pdlv remhwlyd gh txdotxhu vxvshlwd gh h{fhvvr gh ulvfr1

Hp sduwlfxodu/ d revhuydêær gh xp qýphur ehp pdlru gr txh r hvshudgr

gh fdvrv gh ohxfhpld lqidqwlo dr uhgru gh xpd lqvwdodêær qxfohdu hp Vhood�hog

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gh yljloåqfld hslghplroöjlfd h{lvwhqwh h fkhjrx dr sýeolfr dwudyìv gh xp surjud0

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txh vhmd lpsuryäyho gh rfruuhu sru phur dfdvr1 Lqihol}phqwh/ hvwd gh�qlêær qær

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gh klsöwhvhv sdud lghqwl�fdu rv frqjorphudgrv1 Gh idwr/ d pdlruld grv pìwrgrv

h{lvwhqwhv vær edvhdgrv hp whvwhv gh vljql�fåqfld rx whvwhv gh klsöwhvhv1 D olwhu0

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sursrvwrv dwì r prphqwr1

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sdud whvwdu d klsöwhvh gh xp srvvðyho h{fhvvr dr uhgru gh xpd irqwh vxvshlwd h

hvwd irqwh ì lghqwl�fdgd dqwhv gh revhuydu rv gdgrv1 Hohv vær fkdpdgrv gh whvwhv

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kru hqwhqglgdv frqvlghudqgr dv gxdv shujxqwdv txh rv vhxv whvwhv gh klsöwhvhv

dvvrfldgrv surfxudp uhvsrqghu=

� Rv whvwhv irfdgrv surfxudp uhvsrqghu/ frp xp vlp rx xp qær/ d vhjxlqwh

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frqjorphudgrv frp r sdguær hvsdfldo gd grhqêd vhqgr wrwdophqwh fdvxdo1 Txdo

r vhqwlgr suhflvr ghvwd d�updêær B Ì r gh txh d wd{d gh lqflgíqfld sru shvvrd ì

frqvwdqwh hp wrgrv rv orfdlv/ lpsolfdqgr txh r qýphur hvshudgr gh fdvrv hp xp

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txh d uhjlær gh hvwxgr ì glylglgd hp q äuhdv h ghqrwh r qýphur revhuydgr gh fdvrv

hp fdgd xpd ghodv sru |l h r qýphur hvshudgr gh fdvrv sru Hl> l @ 4> ===> q1 VhmdQl

r qýphur wrwdo gh shvvrdv0dqr hp ulvfr qd äuhd l h vhmd � d wd{d dqxdo lqglylgxdo

+rx shu fdslwd, gh rfruuíqfld gd grhqêd1 R prghor qxor gh dohdwrulhgdgh frpsohwd

rx dxvíqfld gh frqjorphudgrv ì h{suhvvr frpr vhqgr d klsöwhvh qxod

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Rv whvwhv vær hvshfl�fdgrv whqgr hp phqwh dv dowhuqdwlydv gh lqwhuhvvh1 Qr

fdvr grv whvwhv irfdgrv/ hvshud0vh txh d wd{d lqglylgxdo � qdr vhmd frqvwdqwh pdv

txh ydulh frp l/ dxphqwdqgr txdqwr pdlv suö{lpr iru d äuhd l gd irqwh vxvshlwd1

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Rv whvwhv jhqìulfrv dvvxphp dshqdv txh h{lvwhp xpd rx pdlv uhjløhv rqgh r ydoru

gh � ì pdlv hohydgr txh qr uhvwdqwh gr pdsd1 Revhuyh txh/ qhvwh vhjxqgr fdvr/

qær hvwä h{foxðgd d klsöwhvh dowhuqdwlyd gh khwhurjhqhlgdgh hvsdfldo/ d vlpsohv

yduldelolgdgh gdv wd{dv hqwuh dv äuhdv1 Hqwuhwdqwr/ hvwduhprv pdlv lqwhuhvvdgrv/

h lvwr hvwduä uh hwlgr qdv hvwdwðvwlfdv gh whvwh/ qdv dowhuqdwlydv pdlv uhdolvwdv gh

dxwrfruuhodêær hvsdfldo hp txh dv wd{dv gh äuhdv yl}lqkdv vær vlploduhv1

H{dpsoh 43 Irl uhjlvwudgr sru yrowd gh 4<;7 xp hohydgr qýphur gh fdvrv gh

ohxfhpld gh 3 d 4< dqrv dr uhgru gh 45 ghsövlwrv gh ol{r wö{lfr frqwdplqdgrv

frp xp frpsrvwr rujåqlfr yroäwlo fkdpdgr wulforurhwk|ohqr1 R Ghsduwdphqwr gh

Vdýgh gr Hvwdgr gh Qryd \run lqlflrx xpd vìulh gh hvwxgrv sdud dyhuljxdu r fdvr

h fuldu xpd sroðwlfd suö0dwlyd gh vdýgh/ hp frqwudvwh frp xpd sroðwlfd uhdwlyd1

Hvwxgrx0vh r shuðrgr gh 4<:; 0 4<;5 qxpd uhjlær frp srxfr pdlv gh 4 plokær gh

shvvrdv hqwuh 3 h 4< dqrv1D uhjlær ì glylglgd hp :<3 äuhdv h uhjlvwurx 8<5 fdvrv

gh ohxfhpld qr shuðrgr1 Dshqdv d äuhd gh uhvlgíqfld gr fdvr hud frqkhflgd1

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pìwrgrv dsuhvhqwdgrv1 D txhvwær gh lqwhuhvvh ì vdehu vh h{lvwhp frqjorphudgrv

gh ulvfr pdlv hohydgr qd äuhd +whvwh jhqìulfr, h/ hp sduwlfxodu/ vdehu vh h{lvwh

hylgíqfld gh ulvfr pdlv hohydgr hp yrowd grv 45 ghsövlwrv gh ol{r wö{lfr +whvwh

irfdgr,1

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olqkdv/ xpd sru äuhd/ h flqfr froxqdv= lghqwl�fdgru gh äuhd/ frrughqdgdv { h |/

wdpdqkr gd srsxodêær uhvlghqwh qd äuhd h qýphur gh fdvrv gh ohxfhpld revhuydgrv

qd äuhd1 D Wdehod 814 prvwud dv flqfr sulphludv olqkdv gd wdehod gh gdgrv1 D rxwud

sduwh grv gdgrv fruuhvsrqgh dv srvlêøhv jhrjuä�fdv grv 45 ghsövlwrv gh ol{r1

H{dpsoh 44 Prqwhlur0gh0Fdvwur hw do1 +5334, dqdolvdudp rv uhjlvwurv gh uhvlgíq0

fldv gh grdgruhv gh vdqjxh gd Ixqgdêær Khprplqdv gh Ehor Krul}rqwh txh hv0

wdydp lqihfwdgrv frp r yðuxv KWOY L2LL1 Fdgd grdgru lqihfwdgr/ ghqrplqdgr

fdvr/ whyh vxd uhvlgíqfld pdufdgd frpr xp hyhqwr qr pdsd gh Ehor Krul}rqwh1

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ghqrplqdgrv lqglyðgxrv gh frqwuroh/ wdpeìp wlyhudp vxdv uhvlgíqfldv pdufdgdv

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Iljxud 814= Pdsd gh uhjlær dr uhgru gh Qryd Lrutxh frp srvlêøhv grv fhqwuölghv

gdv äuhdv lqglfdgdv sru xp srqwr h rv orfdlv gh surfhvvdphqwr gh ol{r frqwhqgr

wulfkorurhwk|ohqh lqglfdgr sru { +Zdoohu hw do1/ 4<<5,

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4 713: 09:168 6873 6

5 7197 0991;9 6893 7

6 81:4 0991<; 6:6< 4

7 :194 099133 5:;7 4

8 :165 09:165 58:4 6

Wdehod 814= Wdehod frp dv flqfr sulphludv olqkdv gh gdgrv uhihuhqwhv dr h{hpsor

gh ohxfhpld qr qruwh gr hvwdgr gh Qryd \run +Zdoohu hw do1/ 4<<5,1


Iljxud 815= Pdsd gh uhjlær dr uhgru gh Qryd Lrutxh frp srvlêøhv grv fhqwuölghv

gdv äuhdv hp txh kdyld shor phqrv xp fdvr lqglfdgdv sru xp srqwr1 Äuhdv rqgh

fdvrv qær irudp uhjlvwudgrv qær vær prvwudgdv1 +Zdoohu hw do1 4<<5,

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frpr hyhqwrv1 Xpd shujxqwd gh lqwhuhvvh qhvwh sureohpd ì vdehu vh r sdguær hv0

sdfldo gh uhvlgíqfldv grv lqihfwdgrv ì glihuhqwh gr sdguær hvsdfldo gh uhvlgíqfldv

grv lqglyðgxrv vhuylqgr frpr frqwurohv1 Xpd glihuhqêd qr sdguær hvsdfldo hqwuh

rv grlv juxsrv/ fdvrv h frqwurohv/ srgh h{lvwlu vh/ sru h{hpsor/ dojxp h{lvwlu dojxp

idwru hwlroöjlfr txh ì glvwulexðgr qd srsxodêær gh irupd hvsdfldophqwh glihuhqfld0

gd1 Vh irvvh revhuydgr txh r judx gh frqfhqwudêær gh fdvrv qd shulihuld ì pdlru

txh dtxhoh revhuydgr qd dprvwud gh frqwurohv/ xpd srvvðyho h{solfdêær sdud lvwr

srghuld hvwdu dvvrfldgd ã glqåplfd pljudwöuld gd flgdgh1 Vxsrqkd txh d sured0

elolgdgh gh xp lqglyðgxr vhu lqihfwdgr whp uhodêær frp vhx sdvvdgr pljudwöulr/

pljudqwhv gr Qruwh gh Plqdv Jhudlv whqgr xpd fkdqfh pdlv dowd gh vhuhp lqihf0

wdgrv1 Rv pljudqwhv qær hvwær glvwulexðgrv gh irupd wrwdophqwh fdvxdo qd flgdgh

srlv h{lvwhp uhodwlydphqwh pdlv pljudqwhv qd shulihuld gd flgdgh gh Ehor Krul0

}rqwh1 Dvvlp/ r sdguær hvsdfldo gd lqihfêær srghuld vhu h{solfdgr sru xp idwru

hwlroöjlfr/ d pljudêær/ txh hvwä glvwulexðgd gh irupd hvsdfldophqwh glihuhqfldgd1

Hqfrqwudu frqjorphudgrv gh lqihfwdgrv hud sruwdqwr gh lqwhuhvvh hslghplöorjlfr

sdud wudêdu r shu�o ghvwh yðuxv qr Eudvlo1

Xp h{hpsor gh whvwh irfdgr wdpeìp wdpeìp irl frqvlghudgr qhvwh wudedokr1

Xp lqglyðgxr whvwdgr ì frqvlghudgr srvlwlyr sdud r yðuxv KWOY vh hoh ì srvlwl0

yr qxp sulphlur whvwh +Holvd, h ì srvlwlyr wdpeìp qxp vhjxqgr whvwh +Zhvwhuq

Eorw, txh hoh id} qxp vhjxqgr prphqwr1 Qhp wrgrv rv lqglyðgxrv srvlwlyrv qr

sulphlur whvwh +Holvd, uhwruqdudp dr Khprplqdv sdud uhdol}du r vhjxqgr whvwh1

Frpr r khprfhqwur hud orfdol}dgr qr fhqwur gd flgdgh gh Ehor Krul}rqwh/ vxujlx

d klsöwhvh gh txh dv shvvrdv txh prudydp qd shulihuld/ sreuhv hp vxd pdlruld/

whuldp xp pdlru fxvwr gh uhwruqdu dr khprfhqwur sdud xpd vhjxqgd ylvlwd +fxvwr

gh wudqvsruwh/ shugd gh xp gld gh wudedokr/ hwf1,1 Lvwr srghuld vhu whvwdgr dwudyìv

gh xp whvwh txh vxsøh txh d sur{lplgdgh dr khprfhqwur vhuld xp idwru dxphq0

wdyd d fkdqfh gh xp lqglyðgxr ylu d uhwruqdu sdud xp vhjxqgr h{dph1 Lvwr ì/ qd

olqjxdjhp dsuhvhqwdgd qhvwh fdsðwxor/ r khprfhqwur vhuld xp irfr1

D dqäolvh hp Prqwhlur0gh0Fdvwur hw do1 +5334, id} xvr gh whvwhv h pìwrgrv

glihuhqwhv gdtxhohv dsuhvhqwdgrv dtxl srlv rv gdgrv vær gr wlsr fdvr h frqwuroh h


vre d irupd gh surfhvvrv srqwxdlv1 Qær ydprv wudwdu hp ghwdokhv hvwd vlwxdêær

qhvwh fdsðwxor h r duwljr hp txhvwær ghyh vhu frqvxowdgr sdud pdlruhv lqirupdêøhv

shor ohlwru lqwhuhvvdgr1

Dvvlp/ rv whvwhv gh ghwhfêær gh frqjorphudgrv surfxudp uhvsrqghu vh h{lvwh

hylgíqfld gh djorphudêær gh fdvrv dflpd gd djorphudêær txh dsduhfh qdwxudophqwh

ghylgr d glvwulexlêær jhrjuä�fd qær0krprjíqhd gdv srsxodêøhv1Xvxdophqwh/ r fäo0

fxor grv ydoruhv hvshudgrv hp fdgd äuhd ì ihlwr sdgurql}dqgr0vh shod glvwulexlêær

gh lgdgh h vh{r gd vxd srsxodêær/ frpr mä h{solfdprv dqwhv1 D pdlru sduwh grv

hvwxgrv gh frqjorphudgrv txh whp vlgr sxeolfdgd hqyroyh xpd irupd rx rxwud gh

fåqfhu txh dwlqjhp xpd srsxodêær gh irupd glihuhqfldgd sru lgdgh h vh{r1 Dvvlp/

vh d glvwulexlêær hwäuld h sru vh{r hvwä glvsrqðyho h wd{dv uhjlrqdlv rx qdflrqdlv

hvwær glvsrqðyhlv/ d sdgurql}dêær ì xp fxlgdgr eävlfr txh ghyh vhu wrpdgr1

814 Whvwhv jhqìulfrv

H{lvwhp q äuhdv/ |l ì r qýphur revhuydgr gh fdvrv h Hl ì r qýphur hvshudgr gh

fdvrv/ l @ 4> ===> q1 Vhmd Ql r qýphur wrwdo gh shvvrdv0dqr hp ulvfr qd äuhd l1

Vh qær h{lvwh sdgurql}dêær sru lgdgh h vh{r/ Hl 2 Ql1 Vhmd e� @S

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Ql d

hvwlpdwlyd gd wd{d dqxdo lqglylgxdo +rx shu fdslwd, gh rfruuíqfld gd grhqêd1 Hp

wrgrv rv pìwrgrv/ wrpd0vh � @ e� ljqrudqgr0vh r huur gh hvwlpdêær hqyroylgr mä

txh d ydulåqfld gh e� ì edvwdqwh shtxhqd uhodwlydphqwh d yduldelolgdgh gh |l1 D

orfdol}dêær gd äuhd l ì lghqwl�fdgd frp r vhx fhqwuölgh ghqrwdgr sru {l1

81414 Pìwrgr JDP gh Rshqvkdz

Rshqvkdz hw do1 +4<;;, surs÷v xp pìwrgr lqwhqvlyr frpsxwdflrqdophqwh h frp

judqgh dshor ylvxdo fkdpdgr Jhrjudsklfdo Dqdo|vlv Pdfklqh/ deuhyldgr sru JDP1

Sdud dsolfdu r pìwrgr/ ydprv frqvlghudu Hl 2 Ql/ lvwr ì/ vhp sdgurql}dêær sru

lgdgh h vh{r +d h{whqvær sdud hvwd vlwxdêær ì lphgldwd,1 Lpdjlqh xpd judgh uhjxodu

ehp �qd vreuhsrvwd dr pdsd/ frp qöv uhjxoduphqwh hvsdfdgrv/ h lqgh{dgd sru

m> m @ 4> ===> M 1 Dvvrflh rv ydoruhv gh fdgd äuhd drv vhxv fhqwuölghv1 R surfhglphqwr

vhjxh r dojrulwpr ghvfulwr dedl{r=

8141 WHVWHV JHQÌULFRV <8

� Vhohflrqh xp udlr u +sru h{hpsor/ u @ 4>5> rx 7 np,1

� Hp fdgd qö m gd judgh uhjxodu/ �{h xp fðufxor Fmu gh udlr u1

� Fdofxoh

Rmu @

q[l@4

|lL^{l5Fmu` h Qmu @

q[l@4

QlL^{l5Fmu`

r qýphur gh fdvrv h shvvrdv0dqr gdv äuhdv fxmrv fhqwuölghv fdhp ghqwur gr

fðufxor Fmu/ uhvshfwlydphqwh1

� Fdofxoh r s0ydoru smu dvvrfldgr frp Rmu vre d klsöwhvh qxod=

smu @ S +[ � Rmu, rqgh [ � Srlvvrq +�Qmu,

� Ghvhqkh r fðufxor Fmu vh Rmu � 5 h vh smu � 3=3351

� Uhidêd r surfhglphqwr dflpd dxphqwdqgr hvfrokhqgr rxwur udlr u sdud r

fðufxor1

R uhvxowdgr �qdo ì d lghqwl�fdêær gh äuhdv gh ulvfr sru hpdudqkdgr gh fðufxorv

vreuhsrvwrv/ wrgrv dowdphqwh vljql�fdqwhv h frp shor phqrv grlv hyhqwrv1

H{dpsoh 45 Xvdqgr wuív ydoruhv gh u +4/5/ h 7 np,/ Wxuqexoo hw do1 +4<<3,

h{dplqdudp ;68;: fðufxorv frp rv gdgrv gh Qryd \run1 D Iljxud 34 prvwud rv

836 fðufxorv +319( gr wrwdo, txh irudp vljql�fdwlyrv dr qðyho qrplqdo gh 313351

Hperud fdgd fðufxor vhmd mxojdgr lqglylgxdophqwh vljql�fdwlyr dr qðyho 3=335/

xp qðyho gh vljql�fåqfld sdud wrgrv rv fðufxorv vlpxowdqhdphqwh qær ì frqkhfl0

gr1 D ud}ær ì r frqkhflgr ihq÷phqr gh whvwhv vlpxowåqhrv qær lqghshqghqwhv

txh/ qhvwh fdvr/ ì sduwlfxoduphqwh gliðflo ghylgr dr lphqvr qýphur gh whvwhv hih0

wxdgrv1 Vær uhdol}dgrv U whvwhv hp fdgd qö gh xpd judgh �qd gh wdpdqkr M /

vxsrvwdphqwh edvwdqwh judqgh/ rqgh U ì r qýphur gh udlrv h{shulphqwdgrv +yhmd

h{hpsor,1 Revhuyh txh/ vh xp fðufxor ì ghvhqkdgr/ yäulrv rxwurv fðufxorv yl}lqkrv

vhuær ghvhqkdgrv/ pxlwrv frqwhqgr h{dwdphqwh rv phvprv fdvrv1 D hvfrokd srxfr

frpxp gr srqwr gh fruwh 3=335 sdud r s0ydoru ì duelwuäuld h surfxud frpshqvdu/

gh dojxpd irupd/ hvwh sureohpd gh whvwhv vlpxowåqhrv pdv hvwd hvfrokd fduhfh gh

txdotxhu edvh whöulfd1


Iljxud 816= Uhvxowdgrv gr pìwrgr JDP gh Rshqvkdz hw do1 +4<;;, frp fðufxorv

gh udlrv 4/ 5/ h 7 np txh irudp vljql�fdwlyrv dr qðyho qrplqdo gh 31335 +h{wudðgr

gh Wxuqexoo hw do1/ 4<<3,

8141 WHVWHV JHQÌULFRV <:

Lqihol}phqwh/ d hvfrokd ghvwh srqwr gh fruwh sdud r s0ydoru ì fuxfldo1 Xp

srqwr gh fruwh pxlwr judqgh +wdo frpr r xvxdo 3=38, ohyduld d xp judqgh qýphur

gh idovrv srvlwlyrv +lvwr ì/ d pxlwrv idovrv frqjorphudgrv, hqtxdqwr txh xp s0

ydoru pxlwr shtxhqr ohyduld d pxlwrv idovrv qhjdwlyrv +lvwr ì/ d shughu pxlwrv

frqjorphudgrv uhdlv,1 Qær h{lvwh vroxêær vdwlvidwöuld sdud hvwh sureohpd h r txh

srgh vhu uhfrphqgdgr ì txh r xvxäulr gr pìwrgr h{shulphqwh frp glihuhqwhv

srqwrv gh fruwh sdud yhul�fdu d hvwdelolgdgh grv uhvxowdgrv rewlgrv1 H{lvwh vriwzduh

judwxlwr glvsrqðyho qd lqwhuqhw sdud lpsohphqwdu hvwh surfhglphqwr hp dpelhqwh

XQL[ h Zlqgrzv1

Dv ydqwdjhqv h ghvydqwdjhqv ghvwh pìwrgr srghp vhu uhvxplgdv gd vhjxlqwh

pdqhlud= ì xp pìwrgr vlpsohv gh hqwhqghu/ frp judqgh dshor lqwxlwlyr/ h yl0

vxdophqwh lpsuhvvlrqdqwh> ì xp pìwrgr h{sorudwöulr h qær lqihuhqfldo ghylgr dr

sureohpd gh pxlwrv whvwhv vlpxowåqhrv h ghshqghqwhv lpsolfdqgr hp qðyhlv gh

vljql�fåqfld qrplqdlv> ì lqwhqvlyr frpsxwdflrqdophqwh> rv fðufxorv qær vær lq0

whludphqwh frpsduäyhlv hqwuh vl srlv dv yduläyhlv dohdwöuldv hqyroylgdv srvvxhp

glihuhqwhv glvwulexlêøhv1

D ýowlpd ghvydqwdjhp gd olvwd dflpd srgh vhu plqrudgd vh �{duprv r qxphu0

dgru rx ghqrplqdgru gdv wd{dv gh fdgd fðufxor1 Hvwd ì d sursrvwd gr pìwrgr gh

Ehvdjh h Qhzho/ ghvfulwr d vhjxlu1

81415 Pìwrgr gh Ehvdj h Qhzho

R pìwrgr JDP gh Rshqvkdz �{d r udlr u gr fðufxor h fdofxod r s0ydoru gd

frqwdjhp txh hqfrqwud ghqwur gr fðufxor Fmu 1 Hp whuprv jhudlv/ r pìwrgr gh

Ehvdj h Qhzhoo +4<<4, �{d r qýphur n gh hyhqwrv txh ghyhp vhu exvfdgrv h

fdofxod r udlr qhfhvväulr sdud hqjoreä0orv1 Qr fðufxor uhvxowdqwh/ fdofxod s0ydoru h/

surfhghqgr frpr JDP/ ghvhqkd dshqdv rv fðufxorv vljql�fdwlyrv +s0ydoru � 3=335,1

D vhjxlu/ yduld n sdud yhul�fdu d hvwdelolgdgh grv uhvxowdgrv1

Pdlv hvshfl�fdphqwh/ vxsrqkd txh/ hp wrgd d uhjlær gh hvwxgr/ h{lvwhp F @Sl |l fdvrv h P @

SlQl shvvrdv0dqr hp ulvfr1 Vxsrqkd txh d äuhd l srvvxd

shor phqrv xp fdvr1 Vhmd O d yduläyho dohdwöuld txh frqwd r qýphur gh rxwudv

äuhdv qhfhvväuldv sdud dfxpxodu rv n sulphlurv fdvrv pdlv suö{lprv gh l1 Vhmd o r

<; FDSÐWXOR 81 WHVWHV GH FRQJORPHUDGRV

ydoru revhuydgr gh O h vhmd p r qýphur gh shvvrdv hp ulvfr qhvvdv o äuhdv1 Vre

r prghor qxor/ r qýphur hvshudgr gh fdvrv qhvvdv o äuhdv ì gdgr sru pF@P 1 R

qýphur Q gh fdvrv qdv sulphludv o äuhdv srvvxl glvwulexlêær gh Srlvvrq frp ydoru

hvshudgr pF@P1 Dvvlp/ S +O � o, @ 4 � S +O A o . 4,1 Pdv lvwr ì vlpsohvphqwh

4 phqrv d suredelolgdgh gh txh dv o sulphludv äuhdv srvvxdp phqrv txh n fdvrv1

Ghvvh prgr/ r s0ydoru ì gdgr sru

4�n�4[m@4

S +Q @ m, @ 4�n�4[m@4

+pF@P,m

m$h�pF@P

Wxuqexoo hw do1 +4<<7, xvdudp hvwh pìwrgr qrv gdgrv gh Qryd \run wrpdqgr

n @ ; h frqvlghudqgr xp frqjorphudgr frpr vljql�fdwlyr vh hoh wlqkdp s0ydoru

phqru txh 31381 Hohv hqfrqwududp 64 frqjorphudgrv vljql�fdwlyrv1 Frpsdudqgr

frp rv uhvxowdgrv gr pìwrgr JDP/ hohv revhuydp txh h{lvwh xpd frqfrugåqfld

jhudo hqwuh rv pdsdv frp pxlwrv grv frqjorphudgrv dqwhulruphqwh vhqgr wdpeìp

ghwhfwdgrv sru hvwh surfhglphqwr dwxdo1

Sru fdxvd gr phvpr sureohpd gh whvwhv vlpxowåqhrv txh dihwd r pìwrgr JDP/

r pìwrgr gh Ehvdj h Qhzho ydl vhpsuh dsuhvhqwdu dojxqv frqjorphudgrv frpr

vljql�fdwlyrv phvpr txh d klsöwhvh qxod vhmd yhugdghlud1 Sdud dolyldu xp srxfr

hvwh sureohpd/ hohv sursxvhudp xp whvwh hvwdwðvwlfr joredo dvvrfldgr frp r qýphur

wrwdo WEQ gh frqjorphudgrv ghwhfwdgrv1 Qr h{hpsor dflpd/ irudp ghwhfwdgrv

64 frqjorphudgrv qrv gdgrv gh Qryd \run1 Hohv fdofxodp xp s0ydoru sdud hvwd

hvwdwðvwlfd vre d klsöwhvh qxod gh dxvíqfld gh frqjorphudgrv1 R ydoru h{dwr gd

hvshudqfd gh WEQ ì iäflo gh vhu fdofxodgd1 Vhmd Lm xpd ixqêær lqglfdgrud gh txh

r fðufxor fhqwudgr qd äuhd m freulqgr rv n fdvrv pdlv suö{lprv ì vljql�fdwlyr1

Hqwær H +WEQ , @Sq

m@4 H +Lm, @Sq

m@4 �m1 Sdud fdofxodu �m/ dsoltxh d iöupxod gr

s0ydoru dflpd sdud rewhu S +O � k, sdud k @ 3>4> === dwì txh r qðyho gh vljql�fåqfld

h{fhgd � sdud k @ k�m 1 R ydoru gh S +O � k

�m , ì r ydoru gh �m1 Qr fdvr grv gdgrv

gh Qryd \run/ hqfrqwud0vh H +WEQ , @ 57=55 txh ì edvwdqwh lqihulru dr qýphur

revhuydgr 64 vxjhulqgr txh xp pdlru qýphur gh frqjorphudgrv irl revhuydgr gr

txh r ydoru hvshudgr vre d klsöwhvh qxod1 Lqihol}phqwh/ d ydulåqfld gh WEQ qær

srgh vhu fdofxodgd mä txh dv yduläyhlv Lm qær vær lqghshqghqwhv1 Hqwuhwdqwr/ xp

whvwh gh klsöwhvh srgh vhu hihwxdgr edvhdqgr0vh qd glvwulexlêær gd hvwdwðvwlfd WEQ

8141 WHVWHV JHQÌULFRV <<

sru vlpxodêær gh Prqwh Fduor xvdqgr r vhjxlqwh dojrulwpr=

41 Jhuh V frqmxqwrv gh gdgrv lqghshqghqwhphqwh/ rqgh fdgd uìsolfd dohdwöuld

srvvxl r phvpr qýphur gh fdvrv F txh r frqmxqwr gh gdgrv ruljlqdo1 Hvwhv F

fdvrv vær glvwulexðgrv dr dfdvr hqwuh dv q äuhdv gh dfrugr frp d klsöwhvh qxod1

Lvwr ì/ hohv vær rewlgrv frpr uhdol}dêøhv gh xpd glvwulexlêær pxowlqrpldo

P+F>�4> ===> �q, rqgh �m @ Qm@S

mQm/ sursruflrqdo d srsxodêær gh fdgd

äuhd1

51 Hp fdgd xp grv V frqmxqwrv gh gdgrv jhudgrv/ urgh wrgr r surfhglphqwr gh

Ehvdj h Qhzho h fdofxoh d hvwdwðvwlfd WEQ rewhqgr W4> ====> WV 1

61 Rughqh r ydoru gh WEQ gr frqmxqwr gh gdgrv ruljlqdo h grv V frqmxqwrv

vlpxodgrv1 Ghqrwh r srvwr gd hvwdwðvwlfd WEQ dvvrfldgd dr frqmxqwr gh gdgrv

ruljlqdo sru U1 Vh U hvwlyhu hqwuh rv 433+4 � �,( pdlruhv srvwrv/ uhmhlwh d

klsöwhvh qxod dr qðyho gh vljql�fåqfld �1 R s0ydoru dvvrfldgr frp hvwh whvwh

ì 4�U@+V . 4,1

Xvdqgr <<< uìsolfdv/ Wxuqexoo hw do +4<<7, hqfrqwududp xp s0ydoru gh 314; sdud

n @ ; h WEQ @ 64 qrv gdgrv gh Qryd \run1 Lvwr lqglfd txh qær kä hylgíqfld gh

frqjorphudgrv qhvwhv gdgrv gh Qryd \run xwlol}dqgr hvwh whvwh jhqìulfr1 Revhuyh

txh qhqkxpd lqirupdêær vreuh dv srvlêøhv grv ghsövlwrv gh ol{r irl xwol}dgd qhvwh

whvwh1

Hperud hvwh whvwh edvhdgr qd hvwdwðvwlfd WEQ vhmd h{wuhpdphqwh ýwlo hoh qær

dmxgd d lghqwl�fdu txdlv vær rv frqjorphudgrv vljql�fdwlyrv txh ghyhuldp vhu dqdo0

lvdgrv1 Hp sulqfðslr/ srghuðdprv shqvdu hp xvdu dtxhohv ghqwuh rv frqwdgrv hp

WEQ txh wlyhudp rv phqruhv �m 1 Qr hqwdqwr/ qær vdehprv txdqwrv ghvvhv frq0

vlghudu h wdpeìp vdehprv txh r s0ydoru ghshqgh gr wdpdqkr gd srsxodêær vre

frqvlghudêær +yhu Fdsðwxor 5,1

Dv ydqwdjhqv h ghvydqwdjhqv gr pìwrgr gh Ehvdj h Qhzho vær dv vhjxlqwhv=

Hoh hvwdelol}d pdlv dv hvwdwðvwlfdv gh whvwh orfdlv> Frqwlqxd r sureohpd gh whvwhv

vlpxowåqhrv h sruwdqwr r pìwrgr ì h{sorudwöulr wdpeìp> Ì ylvxdophqwh djudgäyho

frpr r JDP> H/ frpr JDP/ lghqwl�fd rv frqjorphudgrv1

433 FDSÐWXOR 81 WHVWHV GH FRQJORPHUDGRV

81416 Dgdswdêær gr pìwrgr gh Fx}lfn h Hgzdugv

Fx}lfn h Hgzdugv +4<<3, �}hudp xpd sursrvwd txh wudedokd frp xpd dprvwud

gh fdvrv h rxwud gh frqwurohv vre d irupd gh xp surfhvvr srqwxdo1 Hvwd sursrvwd

srgh vhu idflophqwh dgdswdgd sdud wudedokdu frp gdgrv gh äuhd frpr prvwudprv

d vhjxlu/ uhsuhvhqwdqgr xpd shtxhqd yduldêær hp uhodêær drv whvwhv sursrvwrv sru

Ehvdj h Qhzho +4<<4, h sru Wxuqexoo hw do1 +4<<3,1 Frpr Ehvdj h Qhzho +4<<4,/

hohv frphfdp �{dqgr r qýphur gh fdvrv u1 D vhjxlu/ hp wruqr gr fhqwuölgh gh

fdgd äuhd l txh srvvxl shor phqrv xp fdvr/ wudfh xp fðufxor txh ydl vh h{sdqglqgr

vhx udlr dwì txh r fðufxor frqwhqkd xpd srsxodêær sdud d txdo hvshudprv revhuydu

u hyhqwrv1 D vhjxlu/yhul�txh txdqwrv hyhqwrv Rl irudp gh idwr revhuydgrv h fdofxoh

hqwær

Xu @

q[l@4

+Rl � u, L^|lA3`

Fx}lfn h Hgzdugv ghulydudp dv iöupxodv grv prphqwrv ghvwd hvwdwðvwlfd vre

d klsöwhvh qxod h prvwududp txh hod srvvxl xpd glvwulexlêær dvvlqwrwlfdphqwh

qrupdo srvvlelolwdqgr dvvlp uhdol}du xp whvwh1 Hqwuhwdqwr/ uhfrphqgdprv txh

vhmd ihlwr xp whvwh edvhdgr qd glvwulexlêær gh Prqwh Fduor rewlgd vlpxodqgr V

sdguøhv rewlgrv dwudyìv gd glvwulexlêær pxowlqrpldo1

Hvwh whvwh dsuhvhqwd dv phvpdv ydqwdjhqv h ghvydqwdjhqv gdtxhoh whvwh sur0

srvwr sru Ehvdj h Qhzho +4<<4, pdv qær h{lvwh hvwxgr frpsdudwlyr hqyroyhqgr

hvwh pìwrgr1

81417 Pìwrgr gh Yduuhgxud gh Nxoogrui

Nxoogrui h Qdjduzdood +4<<8, h Nxoogrui +4<<:, dsuhvhqwdudp xp pìwrgr txh

shuplwh uhvroyhu r sureohpd gh whvwhv vlpxowåqhrv gh irupd edvwdqwh hohjdqwh

hqyroyhqgr xp qýphur pðqlpr gh sduåphwurv qær fuxfldlv sdud vhuhp hvfroklgrv

shor xvxäulr1 Hoh srvvxl yäuldv h{whqvøhv h hvwä lpsophqwdgr qr vriwzduh VdWVfdq/

glvsrqðyho judwxlwdphqwh qd lqwhuqhw qr hqghuhêr

kwws = @@gfs=qfl=qlk=jry@EE@VdWVfdq=kwpo

8141 WHVWHV JHQÌULFRV 434

Ydprv dgrwdu d phvpd qrwdêær gh Nxoogrui h Qdjuzdood +4<<8, hperud hod

�txh xp srxfr frqixvd/ dv yh}hv1 Vhmd Q r qýphur wrwdo gh lqglyðgxrv qd srs0

xodêær hp ulvfr h F r qýphur wrwdo gh fdvrv revhuydgr qd uhjlær gh hvwxgr1 D

dqäolvh ì ihlwd frqglflrqdophqwh qr qýphur wrwdo gh fdvrv h dvvlp F ì wudwdgr

frpr xpd frqvwdqwh frqkhflgd1

Ghqrwh sru ] r frqmxqwr gdv äuhdv } fdqglgdwdv d irupduhp xp frqjorphudgr1

Hvwhv fdqglgdwrv } vær rv fðufxorv gh udlr u duelwuäulr fhqwudgrv hp fdgd xp grv q

fhqwuölghv {l1 Hp whvh/ h{lvwh xp qýphur lq�qlwr gh wdlv fðufxorv pdv/ qd suäwlfd/

hvwhv fðufxorv srghp vhu uhvwulwrv dshqdv dtxhohv fhqwudgrv hp {l h frp udlrv ljxdlv

dv glvwåqfldv hqwuh {l h rv ghpdlv fhqwuölghv1 D ud}dr ì txh fðufxorv frp udlrv

oljhludphqwh glihuhqwhv yær frqwhu/ hp jhudo/ dv phvpdv äuhdv h sruwdqwr gh�qhp

r phvpr srvvðyho frqjorphudgr1 R qýphur gh fðufxorv } 5 ] srgh vhu dlqgd

pdlv uhgx}lgr vh frorfduprv xp olplwh qr udlr gh prgr txh qhqkxp fdqglgdwr

d frqjorphudgr } frqwhqkd pdlv gr txh xpd fhuwd srufhqwdjhp/ wdo frpr 53(/

gd srsxodfçr wrwdo gd äuhd1 D�qdo/ qær id} vhqwlgr sursru xp frqjorphudgr txh

frqwhqkd 83(gd srsxodêær wrwdo1

R whvwh gh yduuhgxud gh Nxoogrui ì edvhdgr qr pìwrgr gh pä{lpd yhurvvlplo0

kdqfd1 R sduåphwur qhvwh fdvr ì +}> s> u, rqgh } ghqrwd r fðufxor hp ]/ srvvlyho0

phqwh sdudphwul}dgr shor vhx udlr h frrughqgdv gr fhqwur/ s ì d suredelolgdgh

gh txh xp lqglyðgxr txdotxhu ghqwur gh } vhmd xp fdvr hqtxdqwr txh u ì d phv0

pd suredelolgdgh irud gh }1 D klsöwhvh gh lqwhuhvvh txh rv dxwruhv frqvlghudp

ì txh h{lvwh xpd ýqlfd }rqd } wdo txh s A u1 Lvwr ì/ d klsöwhvh dohwuqdwlyd ì=

K4 = } 5 ]>s A u=D klsöwhvh qxod ì txh K3 = s @ u/ d dohdwrulhgdgh frpsohwd frp

fdgd lqglyðgxr vhqgr ljxdophqwh suryäyho gh vh wruqdu xp fdvr1

Vhmd q} r qýphur gh lqglyðgxrv qd }rqd }/ vhmd F} d yduläyho dohdwöuld ghqr0

wdqgr r qýphur gh fdvrv qd }rqd } h vhmd f} r qýphur revhuydgr gh F} qrv gdgrv1

D ixqêær gh orj0yhurvvlplokdqfd sdud r sduåphwur +}> s> u, ì gdgd sru

O+}> s> u, @ sf} +4� s,

+q}�f} ,u+F�f},+4� u,

+Q�q}�F.f},

R ydoru gr sduåphwur txh pd{lpl}d hvwd ixqêær qær ì qhfhvvduldphqwh dtxhoh

fruuhvsrqghqgr dr fðufxor frp d pdlru wd{d es @ f}@q} qhp dtxhoh frp r pdlru


qýphur gh fdvrv f}1 D ud}ær gh yhurvvlplokdqfd ì

� @vxs}5]>sAu O+}> s> u,

vxss@u O+}> s> u,> s> u 5 ^3>4`

R ghqrplqdgru ghvwd ud}ær ì vlpsohvphqwh

vxs

s5+3>4,

sF+4� s,

Q�F@

FF+Q � F,

Q�F

QQ@ O3

r txdo qær ghshqgh gd }rqd } qhp gd glvwulexlêær hvsdfldo grv fdvrv pdv dshqdv

gr qýphur wrwdo gh fdvrv1

R qxphudgru gd ud}ær gh pä{lpd yhurvvlplokdqfd � ì rewlgr hp gxdv hwdsdv

gh pd{lpl}dêær vxfhvvlydv=

vxs

}5]>sAu

O+}> s> u, @ vxs

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vxssAt

O+}> s> t,

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pdsslqj= D iduhzhoo wr nuljlqj hvwlpdwruvB Pdwkhpdwlfdo Jhrorj|/ 63/ 7680

7951

453 ELEOLRJUDILD

^64` Fkulvwldqvhq F1 dqg Pruulv F1 +4<<:, Klhudufklfdo Srlvvrq uhjuhvvlrq prg0

hoolqj/ Mrxuqdo ri Dphulfdq Vwdwlvwlfdo Dvvrfldwlrq/ <5/ 94;09651

^65` Flvodjkl F1/ Eljjhul D1/ Eudjd P1/ Odjd}lr F1 dqg Pdufkl P1 +4<<8, H{0

sorudwru| wrrov iru glvhdvh pdsslqj lq jhrjudsklf hslghplrorj|/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq

Phglflqh/ 47/ 5696056;41

^66` Fod|wrq G1 h Ndogru M1/ +4<;:, Hpslulfdo Ed|hv hvwlpdwhv ri djh0vwdqgduglvhg

uhodwlyh ulvnv iru xvh lq glvhdvh pdsslqj/ Elrphwulfv/ 76/ 9:409;41

^67` Fod|wrq G1/ Ehuqduglqhool O1 h Prqwrprol F1 +4<<6, Vsdwldo fruuhodwlrq dqg

hfrorjlfdo dqdo|vlv/ Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Mrxuqdo ri Hslghplrorj|/ 55/ 44<6045341

^68` Fod|wrq G1 h Ehuqduglqhool O1 +4<<9, Ed|hvldq phwkrgv iru pdsslqj glvhdvh

ulvn/ lq Hoolrw S1/ Fx}lfn M1/ Hqjolvk G1/ Vwhuq U1 +hgv1, Jhrjudsklf dqg Hqyl0

urqphqwdo Hslghplrorj|= Phwkrgv iru vpdoo duhd vwxglhv/ R{irug Xqlyhuvlw|

Suhvv/ 53805531

^69` Fol�/ D1G1 h Rug/ M1 N1 +4<;4, Vsdwldo Surfhvvhv/ Slrq/ Orqgrq1

^6:` Frohv V1J1 h Srzhoo H1D1+4<<9, Ed|hvldq phwkrgv lq h{wuhph ydoxh prghoolqj=

D uhylhz dqg qhz ghyhorsphqwv/ Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Vwdwlvwlfdo Uhylhz/ 97/ 44<04691

^6;` Frqjgrq S1 +4<<;, D pxowlohyho prgho iru lqidqw khdowk rxwfrphv= pdwhuqdo

ulvn idfwruv dqg jhrjudsklf yduldwlrq/ Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/

Vhulhv G/ 7:/ 48<04;51

^6<` Fuhvvlh/ Q1 +4<<5, Vprrwklqj uhjlrqdo pdsv xvlqj hpslulfdo Ed|hv suuhglfwruv1

Jhrjudsklfdo Dqdo|vlv/ 57/ :80<:1

^73` Fuhvvlh Q1 +4<<6, Vwdwlvwlfv iru Vsdwldo Gdwd/ Zloh|1

^74` Fuhvvlh Q1 +4<<9, Ed|hvldq dqg frqvwudlqhg lqihuhqfh iru h{wuhphv lq hsl0

ghplrorj|/ Hslghplrorj| Surfhhglqjv ri wkh Dphulfdq Vwdwlvwlfdo Dvvrfldwlrq/

Mrlqw Phhwlqjv 4<<8/ DVD/ Doh{dqguld/ 4404:1

^75` Fuhvvlh Q1 dqg Gdylgvrq M1O1 +4<<;, Lpdjh dqdo|vlv zlwk sduwldoo| rughuhg

pdunry prghov/ Frpsxwdwlrqdo Vwdwlvwlfv dqg Gdwd Dqdo|vlv/ 5</ 40591

^76` Fx}lfn M1 dqg Hgzdugv U1 +4<<3, Vsdwldo foxvwhulqj iru lqkrprjhqhrxv srs0

xodwlrqv/ Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv E/ 85/ :604371

ELEOLRJUDILD 454

^77` Gdwfx P1/ Vhlgho N1 dqg Zdohvvd P1 +4<<;, Vsdwldo lqirupdwlrq uhwulhydo iurp

uhprwh0vhqvlqj lpdjhv 0 Sduw 4= Lqirupdwlrq wkhruhwlfdo shuvshfwlyh/ LHHH

Wudqvdfwlrqv rq Jhrvflhqfh dqg Uhprwh Vhqvlqj/ 69/ 4764047781

^78` Ghylqh R1 dqg Orxlv W1 +4<<7, D frqvwudlqhg hpslulfdo Ed|hv hvwlpdwru iru

lqflghqfh udwhv lq duhdv zlwk vpdoo srsxodwlrqv/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 46/

444<044661

^79` Ghylqh/ R1/ Orxlv/ W1 D1/ Kdoorudq/ P1 H1 +4<<7, Hpslulfdo Ed|hv phwkrgv

iru vwdelol}lqj lqflghqfh udwhv sulru wr pdsslqj1 Hslghplrorj| BBB

^7:` Gljjoh S1 dqg Fkhwz|qg D1 +4<<4, Vhfrqg0rughu dqdo|vlv ri vsdwldo foxvwhulqj

iru lqkrprjhqhrxv srsxodwlrqv/ Elrphwulfv/ 7:/ 4488044961

^7;` Gljjoh S1M1 dqg Ulfkdugvrq V1 +4<<6, Hslghplorjlf Vwxglhv ri Lqgxvwuldo Sro0

oxwdqwv 0 Dq Lqwurgxfwlrq/ Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Vwdwlvwlfdo Uhylhz/ 94/ 53605391

^7<` Gljjoh S1/ Oldqj N0\1 dqg ]hjhu V1O1 +4<<7d, Dqdo|vlv ri Orqjlwxglqdo Gdwd/

Foduhqgrq Suhvv1

^83` Gljjoh S1 dqg Urzolqjvrq E1V1+4<<7e, D Frqglwlrqdo Dssurdfk wr Srlqw Sur0

fhvv Prghoolqj ri Hohydwhg Ulvn/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv

D/ 48:/ 76607731

^84` Gljjoh S1 dqg Hoolrww S1 +4<<8, Glvhdvh ulvn qhdu srlqw vrxufhv= Vwdwlvwlfdo

lvvxhv iru dqdo|vhv xvlqj lqglylgxdo ru vsdwldoo| djjuhjdwhg gdwd/ Mrxuqdo ri

Hslgholrorj| dqg Frppxqlw| Khdowk/ 7</ V530V5:1

^85` Gljjoh S1M1/ Pruulv V1/ Hoolrww S1 dqg Vkdgglfn J1 +4<<:, Uhjuhvvlrq prghoolqj

ri glvhdvh ulvn lq uhodwlrq wr srlqw vrxufhv/ Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/

Vhulhv D/ 493/ 7<408381

^86` Gljjoh S1M1 h Ulehlur Mu1/ S1 M1 +5333, Prgho0edvhg jhrvwdwlvwlfv1 Dvvrfldêæ

Eudvlohlud gh Hvwdw�vwlfd/ Fd{dpex1

^87` Gljjoh S1M1/ Wdzq M1D1 dqg Pr|hhg U1D1 +4<<;, Prgho0edvhg jhrvwdwlvwlfv/

Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv F/ 7:/ 5<<06591

^88` Hoolrw S1/ Fx}lfn M1/ Hqjolvk G1/ Vwhuq U1 +hgv1, +4<<9, Jhrjudsklf dqg Hqyl0

urqphqwdo Hslghplrorj|= Phwkrgv iru vpdoo duhd vwxglhv/ R{irug Xqlyhuvlw|

Suhvv1

455 ELEOLRJUDILD

^89` Jdugqhu/ P1 M1 +4<;<, Uhylhz ri uhsruwhg lqfuhdvhv ri fklogkrrg fdqfhu udwhv

lq wkh ylflqlw| ri qxfohdu lqvwdoodwlrqv lq wkh XN1 Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlv0

wlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vìulh D/ 485/ 63:06581

^8:` Jdwuhoo D/ Or|wrqhq P1 +hgv1, +4<<;, JLV dqg Khdowk lq Hxursh/ Wd|oru dqg

Iudqflv1

^8;` Jdxgdug P1/ Nduvrq P1/ Olqghu H1 dqg Vlqkd G1 +4<<<, Ed|hvldq vsdwldo

suhglfwlrq/ Hqylurqphqwdo dqg Hfrorjlfdo Vwdwlvwlfv/ 9/ 47:04:41

^8<` Jhdu|/ U1 F1 +4<87, Wkh frqwljxlw| udwlr dqg vwdwlvwlfdo pdsslqj1 Wkh Lqfru0

srudwhg Vwdwlvwlfldq/ 8/ 44804781

^93` Jhoidqg/ D1 H1/ Jkrvk/ V1 N1/ Nqljkw/ M1 U1 dqg Vlupdqv/ F1I1 +4<<8, Vsdwlr0

Whpsrudo Prgholqj ri Uhvlghqwldo Vdohv Gdwd1 xqsxeolvkhg pdqxvfulsw1

^94` Jhwlv D1 +4<<5, Vsdwldo lqwhudfwlrq dqg vsdwldo dxwrfruuhodwlrq= d furvv surg0

xfw dssurdfk/ Hqylurqphqw dqg Sodqqlqj D/ 56/ 459<045::1

^95` Jkrvk/ P1 +4<<5, Frqvwudlqhg Ed|hv hvwlpdwlrq zlwk dssolfdwlrqv1 Mrxuqdo

ri wkh Dphulfdq Vwdwlvwlfdo Dvvrfldwlrq/ ;:/ 86608731

^96` Jkrvk P1/ Qdwdudmdq N1/ Vwurxg W1Z1I/ dqg Fduolq E1S1 +4<<;, Jhqhudol}hg

olqhdu prghov iru vpdoo0duhd hvwlpdwlrq/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Dphulfdq Vwdwlvwlfdo

Dvvrfldwlrq/ <6/ 774/ 5:605;5

^97` Jlonv Z1/ Fod|wrq G1/ Vslhjhokdowhu G1/ Ehvw Q1/ PfQhlo D1/ Vkdsohv O1 dqg

Nlue| D1 +4<<6, Prghoolqj frpsoh{lw|= dssolfdwlrqv ri Jleev vdpsolqj lq

phglflqh/ Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv E/ 88/ 6<04351

^98` Jlonv Z1U1/ Ulfkdugvrq V1 dqg Vslhjhokdowhu G1 +hgv1, +4<<9, Pdunry Fkdlq

Prqwh Fduor lq Sudfwlfh/ Fkdspdq dqg Kdoo1

^99` Jodvv/ J1 H1/ Vfkzduw}/ E1 V1/ Prujdq/ M1 P1/ Mrkqvrq/ G1 W1/ Qr|/ S1 P1/

Lvudho/ H1 +4<<8, Hqylurqphqwdo ulvn idfwruv iru O|ph glvhdvh lghqwl�hg zlwk

jhrjudsklf lqirupdwlrq v|vwhpv1 Dphulfdq Mrxuqdo ri Sxeolf Khdowk/ ;8/ <770

<7;1

^9:` Jrogvwhlq K1 +4<<8, Pxowlohyho Vwdwlvwlfdo Prghov/ Hgzdug Duqrog1

ELEOLRJUDILD 456

^9;` Juhhq S1 dqg Vloyhupdq E1 +4<<7, Qrq Sdudphwulf Uhjuhvvlrq dqg Jhqhudolvhg

Olqhdu Prghov/ Fkdspdq dqg Kdoo1

^9<` Kdlqlqj U1/ Zlvh V1 dqg Pd M1V1 +4<<;, H{sorudwru| vsdwldo gdwd dqdo|vlv lq d

jhrjudsklf lqirupdwlrq v|vwhp hqylurqphqw/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo

Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv G/ 7:/ 78:079<1

^:3` Kdvwlh W1 dqg Wlevkludql U1 +4<<3, Jhqhudolvhg Dgglwlyh Prghov/ Fkdspdq

dqg Kdoo1

^:4` Kdoorudq H1 dqg Juhhqkrxvh M1 +hgv1, +4<<:, Vwdwlvwlfv dqg Hslghplrorj|=

Hqylurqphqw dqg Khdowk/ Vsulqjhu0Yhodj1

^:5` Kloov P1 dqg Doh{dqghu I1 +4<;<, Vwdwlvwlfdo phwkrgv xvhg lq dvvhvvlqj wkh

ulvn ri glvhdvh qhdu d vrxufh ri srvvleoh hqylurqphqwdo srooxwlrq= d uhylhz/

Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv D/ 485/ 68606961

^:6` Krryhu/ U1 Q1/ Vwudvvhu/ S1 K1 +4<;3, Duwl�fldo vzhhwhqhuv dqg kxpdq eodgghu

fdqfhu= suholplqdu| uhvxowv1 Odqfhw/ 4/ ;6:0;731

^:7` Mdftxh} J1P1 +4<<9d, D n0qhduhvw qhljkerxu whvw iru vsdfh0wlph lqwhudfwlrq/

Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 48/ 4<6804<7<1

^:8` Mdftxh} J1P1 +4<<9e, Glvhdvh Foxvwhu vwdwlvwlfv iru lpsuhflvh vsdfh0wlph or0

fdwlrqv/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 48/ ;:60;;81

^:9` Nhovdoo M1H1 h Gljjoh S1M1 +4<<8, QrqSdudphwulf hvwlpdwlrq ri vsdwldo yduldwlrq

lq uhodwlyh ulvn/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 47/ 5668056751

^::` Nhovdoo M1H1 dqg Gljjoh S1M1 +4<<;, Vsdwldo yduldwlrq lq ulvn ri glvhdvh= d

qrqsdudphwulf elqdu| uhjuhvvlrq dssurdfk/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo

Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv F/ 7:/ 88<08:61

^:;` Nqruu0Khog O1 dqg Ehvdj M1 +4<<;, Prghoolqj ulvn iurp d glvhdvh lq wlph dqg

vsdfh/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 4:/ 5378053931

^:<` Nqr{ H1J1 +4<97, Wkh ghwhfwlrq ri vsdfh0wlph lqwhudfwlrqv/ Dssolhg Vwdwlvwlfv/

46/ 5805<1

457 ELEOLRJUDILD

^;3` Nqr{/ H1 J1 +4<;<, Ghwhfwlrq ri Foxvwhuv1 Hp Phwkrgrorj| ri hqtxlulhv lqwr

glvhdvh foxvwhulqj/ S1 Hoolrww +hglwru,1 Orqgrq= Vpdoo Duhd Khdowk Vwdwlvwlfv

Xqlw1

^;4` Nrulh V1/ Fodun V1M1/ Shuu| M1Q1/ Pxjjohvwrqh P1D1/ Eduwohww S1Z1/ Pduvkdoo

H1M1S1 dqg Pdqq M1D1 +4<<;, Dqdo|}lqj pdsv ri glvshuvdo durxqg d vlqjoh

irfxv/ Hqylurqphqwdo dqg Hfrorjlfdo Vwdwlvwlfv/ 8/ 64:06771

^;5` Nxoogrui P1 dqg Qdjduzdood Q1 +4<<8, Vsdwldo glvhdvh foxvwhuv= ghwhfwlrq dqg

lqihuhqfh/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 47/ :<<0;43

^;6` Nxoogrui P1 +4<<:, D vsdwldo vfdq vwdwlvwlf/ Frppxqlfdwlrqv lq Vwdwlvwlfv 0

Wkhru| dqg Phwkrgv/ 59/ 47;4047<91

^;7` Nxoogrui P1/ Ihxhu H1M1/ Ploohu E1D1 dqg Iuhhgpdq O1V1 +4<<:, Euhdvw fdqfhu

foxvwhuv lq wkh qruwkhdvw Xqlwhg Vwdwhv= D jhrjudsklf dqdo|vlv/ Dphulfdq

Mrxuqdo ri Hslghplrorj|/ 479/ 49404:31

^;8` Nxoogrui P1 dqg Kmdopduv X1+4<<<, Wkh Nqr{ phwkrg dqg rwkhu whvwv iru

vsdfh0wlph lqwhudfwlrq/ Elrphwulfv/ 88/ 87708851

^;9` N|uldnlglv S1F1 dqg Mrxuqho D1J1 +4<<<, Jhrvwdwlvwlfdo vsdfh0wlph prghov= D

uhylhz/ Pdwkhpdwlfdo Jhrorj|/ 64/ 98409;71

^;:` Odqjirug L1 dqg Ohzlv W1 +4<<;, Rxwolhuv lq pxowl0ohyho prghov/ Mrxuqdo ri

Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv D/ 434/ 45404931

^;;` Odzvrq D1 +4<<6, Rq wkh dqdo|vlv ri pruwdolw| hyhqwv durxqg d suhvshfl�hg

�{hg srlqw/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv D/ 489/ 69606::1

^;<` Odzvrq D1 +4<<8, Pdunry Fkdlq Prqwh Fduor phwkrgv iru sxwdwlyh sroxwlrq

vrxufh sureohpv lq hqylurqphqwdo hslghplrorj|/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 47/

57:6057;91

^<3` Odzvrq D1 dqg Ylho M1 +4<<8, Whvwv iru gluhfwlrqdo vsdfh0wlph lqwhudfwlrq lq

hslghplrorjlfdo vwxglhv/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 47/ 56;6056<51

^<4` Odzvrq D1 dqg Zdoohu O1 +4<<9, D uhylhz ri srlqw sdwwhuq phwkrgv iru vsdwldo

prghoolqj ri hyhqwv durxqg vrxufhv ri srooxwlrq/ Hqylurqphwulfv/ :/ 7:407;;1

ELEOLRJUDILD 458

^<5` Odzvrq D1/ Eljjhul D1/ Eùkqlqj G1/ Ohvd�uh H1/ Ylho M0I1 dqg Ehuwroolql U1

+hgv1, +4<<<d, Glvhdvh Pdsslqj dqg Ulvn Dvvhvvphqw iru Sxeolf Khdowk/ Zloh|1

^<6` Odzvrq D1/ Eljjhul D1 dqg Guhdvvd H1 +4<<<e, Hgjh h�hfwv lq glvhdvh pdsslqj/

lq Odzvrq D1/ Eljjhul D1/ Eùkqlqj G1/ Ohvd�uh H1/ Ylho M0I1 dqg Ehuwroolql U1

+hgv1, Glvhdvh Pdsslqj dqg Ulvn Dvvhvvphqw iru Sxeolf Khdowk/ Zloh|/ ;80<:1

^<7` Odzvrq D1 dqg Fodun D1 +4<<<, Pdunry Fkdlq Prqwh Fduor phwkrgv iru

foxvwhulqj lq fdvh hyhqw dqg frxqw gdwd lq vsdwldo hslghplrorj|/ lq Kdoorudq

H1 dqg Juhhqkrxvh M1 +hgv1, Vwdwlvwlfv dqg Hslghplrorj|= Hqylurqphqw dqg

Khdowk/ Vsulqjhu0Yhodj1

^<8` Pdqwho Q1 +4<9:, Wkh ghwhfwlrq ri glvhdvh foxvwhulqj dqg d jhqhudolvhg uhjuhv0

vlrq dssurdfk/ Fdqfhu Uhvhdufk/ 5:/ 53<05531

^<9` Pdqwrq/ N1 J1/ Zrrgexu|/ P1 D1/ Vwdoodug/ H1/ Uljjdq/ Z1 E1/ Fuhdvrq/ M1

S1/ Shoorp/ D1 F1 +4<;<, Hpslulfdo Ed|hv Surfhgxuhv iru Vwdelol}lqj Pdsv ri

X1V1 Fdqfhu Pruwdolw| Udwhv1 Mrxuqdo ri wkh Dphulfdq Vwdwlvwlfdo Dvvrfldwlrq/

;7/ 96:09831

^<:` Pduvkdoo/ U1 +4<<4, Pdsslqj glvhdvh dqg pruwdolw| udwhv xvlqj hpslulfdo

Ed|hv hvwlpdwruv1 Dssolhg Vwdwlvwlfv/ 73/ 5;605<71

^<;` Pdvrq/ W1 M1 +4<<8, Wkh ghyhorsphqw ri wkh vhulhv ri X1V1 fdqfhu dwodvhv=

lpsolfdwlrqv iru wkh ixwxuh hslghplorjlf uhvhdufk1 Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 47/

7:607:<1

^<<` Pdvrq/ W1 M1/ PfNd|/ I1 Z1/ Krryhu/ U1/ Eorw/ Z1M1/ dqg Iudxphql/ M1 I1

+4<:8, Dwodv ri Fdqfhu Pruwdolw| iru X1V1 Frxqwlhv/ 4<8304<9<1 Ghsduwphqw

ri Khdowk/ Hgxfdwlrq/ dqg Zhoiduh Sxeolfdwlrq :80:;3/ Zdvklqjwrq/ GF= XV

Jryhuqphqw Sulqwlqj R!fh1

^433` Pdvrq/ W1 M1/ PfNd|/ I1 Z1/ Krryhu/ U1/ Eorw/ Z1M1/ dqg Iudxphql/ M1 I1

+4<:8, Dwodv ri Fdqfhu Pruwdolw| dprqj X1V1 Qrqzklwhv= 4<8304<9<1 Ghsduw0

phqw ri Khdowk/ Hgxfdwlrq/ dqg Zhoiduh Sxeolfdwlrq :904537/ Zdvklqjwrq/

GF= XV Jryhuqphqw Sulqwlqj R!fh1

^434` Pduwx}}l P1 dqg Hoolrww S1 +4<<9, Hpslulfdo Ed|hv hvwlpdwlrq ri vpdoo duhd

suhydohqfh lq qrq0uduh frqglwlrqv/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 48/ 4;9:0:61

459 ELEOLRJUDILD

^435` Proolì/ D1 Ulfkdugvrq/ V1 +4<<4, Hpslulfdo Ed|hv hvwlpdwhv ri fdqfhu pru0

wdolw| udwhv xvlqj vsdwldo prghov1 Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 43/ <804451

^436` Proolì D1 +4<<8, Ed|hvldq pdsslqj ri glvhdvh/ lq Jlonv Z1U1/ Ulfkdugvrq V1

dqg Vslhjhokdowhu G1M1 +hgv1, Pdunry Fkdlq Prqwh Fduor lq Sudfwlfh/ Fkds0

pdq ) Kdoo/ 68<06:<1

^437` Prudq/ S1 D1 S1 +4<87, Wkh lqwhusuhwdwlrq ri vwdwlvwlfdo pdsv1 Mrxuqdo ri

Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ vhulhv E/ 43/ 57605841

^438` Pxoohu K1J1/ Vwdgwpxoohu X1 dqg Wdeqdn I1 +4<<:, Vsdwldo vprrwklqj ri jhr0

judsklfdoo| djjuhjdwhg gdwd/ zlwk dssolfdwlrq wr wkh frqvwuxfwlrq ri lqflghqfh

pdsv/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Dphulfdq Vwdwlvwlfdo Dvvrfldwlrq/ <5/ 76:/ 940:41

^439` Qhxwud U1U1 +4<<3, Frxqwhusrlqw iurp d foxvwhu exvwhu/ Dphulfdq Mrxuqdo

ri Hslghplrorj|/ 465/ Vxssohphqw/ 40;1

^43:` Qhxwud U1U1 +4<<<, Frpsxwhu jhrjudsklf dqdo|vlv= d frpphqwud| rq lwv xvh

dqg plvxvh lq sxeolf khdowk/ lq Odzvrq D1/ Eljjhul D1/ Eùkqlqj G1/ Ohvd�uh

H1/ Ylho M0I1 dqg Ehuwroolql U1 +hgv1, Glvhdvh Pdsslqj dqg Ulvn Dvvhvvphqw

iru Sxeolf Khdowk/ Zloh|/ 644064<1

^43;` Rghq Q1 +4<<8, Dgmxvwlqj Prudq*v L iru srsxodwlrq ghqvlw|/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq

Phglflqh/ 47/ 4:0591

^43<` Rovhq V1/ Pduwx}}l P1 dqg Hoolrww S1 +4<<9, Foxvwhu dqdo|vlv dqg glvhdvh

pdsslqj0zk|/ zkhq/ krzB D vwhs e| vwhs jxlgh/ Eulwlvk Phglfdo Mrxuqdo/

646/ ;960;981

^443` Rshqvkdz/ V1/ Fudiw/ D1 Z1/ Fkduowrq/ P1 J1/ h Elufk/ M1 P1 +4<;;, Lqyhvwl0

jdwlrq ri ohxndhpld foxvwhuv e| xvh ri d jhrjudsklfdo dqdo|vlv pdfklqh1 Odqfhw/

5:505:61

^444` Rshqvkdz V1 +4<<4, D qhz dssurdfk wr wkh ghwhfwlrq dqg ydolgdwlrq ri

fdqfhu foxvwhuv= d uhylhz ri rssruwxqlwlhv/ surjuhvv dqg sureohpv/ lq Gxqvwdq

I1/ Slfnohv M1 +hgv1, Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 43/ 7<0961

^445` Slfnoh/ O1 Z1/ Juhhqh/ P1 K1/ ]lhjohu/ U1 J1/ Wrohgr/ D1/ Krryhu/ U1/ O|qfk/

K1 W1/ Iudxphql/ M1 I1/ Mu1 +4<;4, Froruhfwdo fdqfhu lq uxudo Qheudvnd1 Fdqfhu

Uhvhdufk/ 77/ 696069<1

ELEOLRJUDILD 45:

^446` Slhjruvfk Z1Z1/ Vplwk H1S1/ Hgzdugv G1 dqg Vplwk U1O1 +4<<;, Vwdwlvwlfdo

dgydqfhv lq hqylurqphqwdo vflhqfh/ Vwdwlvwlfdo Vflhqfh/ 46/ 4;9053;1

^447` Soxpphu P1 dqg Fod|wrq G1 +4<<9, Hvwlpdwlrq ri srsxodwlrq h{srvxuh lq

hfrorjlfdo vwxglhv/ Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv E/ 8;/ 44604591

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nd/ 86/ 49:04<31

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Elrphwulnd/ ;5/ 44604581

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G/ 74/ 86<088:1

^44;` Ulfkdugvrq V1 dqg Juhhq S1 +4<<:, Rq Ed|hvldq dqdo|vlv ri pl{wxuhv zlwk dq

xqnqrzq qxpehu ri frpsrqhqwv/ Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv

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^453` Uxvkwrq J1/ Nulvkqdpxuwk| U1/ Nulvkqdpxuwl G1/ Ororqlv S1 dqg Vrqj K1

+4<<9, Wkh vsdwldo uhodwlrqvkls ehwzhhq lqidqw pruwdolw| dqg eluwk ghihfw udwhv

lq d XV flw|/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 48/ 4<3:04<4<1

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Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 45/ 4<7604<831

^455` Vfkdowwpdqq S1/ Eùkqlqj G1 dqg Glhw} H1 +4<<9, Fryduldwh dgmxvwhg pl{wxuh

prghov zlwk wkh surjudp GlvpdsZlq/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 48/ <4<0<5<1

^456` Vfkurghu P1/ Uhkudxhu K1/ Vhlgho N1 dqg Gdwfx P1 +4<<;, Vsdwldo lqirupd0

wlrq uhwulhydo iurp uhprwh0vhqvlqj lpdjhv 0 Sduw LL= Jleev0Pdunry udqgrp

�hogv/ LHHH Wudqvdwlrqv rq Jhrvflhqfh dqg Uhprwh Vhqvlqj/ 69/ 4779047881

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45; ELEOLRJUDILD

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lwrulqj khdowk rxwfrphv/ Mrxuqdo ri Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv F/ 7:/

44804661

^459` Vwhlq D1/ YdqJurhqljhq M1Z1/ Mhjhu P1M1 dqg Krrvehhn P1U1 +4<<;d, Vsdfh0

wlph vwdwlvwlfv iru hqylurqphqwdo dqg djulfxowxudo uhodwhg skhqrphqd/ Hqyl0

urqphqwdo dqg Hfrorjlfdo Vwdwlvwlfv/ 8/ 48804:51

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gdqd D1 +4<<;e, Lqwhjudwlqj vsdwldo vwdwlvwlfv dqg uhprwh vhqvlqj/ Lqwhuqd0

wlrqdo Mrxuqdo ri Uhprwh Vhqvlqj/ 4</ 4:<604;471

^45;` Vwrqh U1 +4<;;, Lqyhvwljdwlrqv ri h{fhvv hqylurqphqwdo ulvnv durxqg sxwdwlyh

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97<09931

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ri uduh glvhdvhv/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 47/ 5656056671

^463` Wkrpvrq P1F1/ Frqqru V1M1/ Gdohvvdqgur X1/ Urzolqjvrq E1/ Gljjoh S1/

Fuhvvzhoo P1 dqg Juhhqzrrg E1 +4<<<, Suhglfwlqj pdoduld lqihfwlrq lq Jdp0

eldq fkloguhq iurp vdwhoolwh gdwd dqg ehg qhw xvh vxuyh|v= Wkh lpsruwdqfh

ri vsdwldo fruuhodwlrq lq wkh lqwhusuhwdwlrq ri uhvxowv/ Dphulfdq Mrxuqdo ri

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huq o|qfklqjv/ 4;<304<4<1 Dphulfdq Mrxuqdo ri Vrflrorj|/ 435/ :;;0;481

^466` Wvxwdndzd/ U1N1 +4<;;, Pl{hg Prgho iru Dqdo|vlqj Jhrjudsklf Yduldwlrq lq

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^467` Wvxwdndzd/ U1N1/ Vkrrs/ J1O1/ dqg Pdulhqihog/ F1M1 +4<;8, Hpslulfdo Ed|hv

Hvwlpdwlrq ri Fdqfhu Pruwdolw| Udwhv1 Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 7/ 53405451

ELEOLRJUDILD 45<

^468` Wxuqexoo E1/ Lzdqr H1/ Exuqhww Z1/ Krzh K1 dqg Fodun O1 +4<<3, Prqlwrulqj

iru foxvwhuv ri glvhdvh= dssolfdwlrq wr Ohxndhpld lqflghqfh lq xsvwdwh Qhz

\run/ Dphulfdq Mrxuqdo ri Hslghplrorj|/ 465/ 46904761

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vwdwlvwlfv/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv G/ 7:/ 74807541

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hurvfhgdvwlflw|1 Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 48/ ;;:0;<51

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odqfh dqg whvwlqj ri foxvwhulqj ri glvhdvh dqg h{srvxuh= dssolfdwlrq wr

ohxndhpld lqflghqfh dqg WFH0frqwdplqdwhg gxpsvlwhv lq xsvwdwh Qhz \run1

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^46<` Zdoohu O1 dqg Wxuqexoo E1 +4<<6, Wkh h�hfw ri vfdoh rq whvwv iru glvhdvh

foxvwhulqj/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 45/ 4;9<04;;71

^473` Zdoohu O1 dqg Odzvrq D1 +4<<8, Wkh srzhu ri irfxvvhg whvwv wr ghwhfw glvhdvh

foxvwhulqj/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 47/ 55<40563;1

^474` Zdoohu O1/ Fduolq E1/ [ld K1 dqg Jhoidqg D1 +4<<:, Klhudufklfdo vsdwlr0

whpsrudo pdsslqj ri glvhdvh udwhv/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Dphulfdq Vwdwlvwlfdo Dvvr0

fldwlrq/ <5/ 93:094:1

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l�hg foxvwhu prghov/ lq Odzvrq D1/ Eljjhul D1/ Eùkqlqj G1/ Ohvd�uh H1/ Ylho

M0I1 dqg Ehuwroolql U1 +hgv1, Glvhdvh Pdsslqj dqg Ulvn Dvvhvvphqw iru Sxeolf

Khdowk/ Zloh|/ 58:059<1

^476` Zdowhu V1 +4<<5, Wkh dqdo|vlv ri uhjlrqdo sdwwhuqv lq khdowk gdwd1 L= Glvwul0

exwlrqdo frqvlghudwlrqv/ Dphulfdq Mrxuqdo ri Hslghplrorj|/ 469/ :630:741

^477` Zdowhu V1 +4<<6d, Ylvxdo dqg vwdwlvwlfdo dvvhvvphqw ri vsdwldo foxvwhulqj lq

pdsshg gdwd/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 45/ 45:8045<41

^478` Zdowhu V1 +4<<6e, Dvvhvvlqj vsdwldo sdwwhuq lq glvhdvh udwhv/ Vwdwlvwlfv lq

Phglflqh/ 45/ 4;;804;<71

463 ELEOLRJUDILD

^479` Zdowhu V1 +4<<7, D vlpsoh whvw iru vsdwldo sdwwhuq lq uhjlrqdo khdowk gdwd/

Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 46/ 436:043771

^47:` Zhevwhu U1/ Rolyhu P1/ Pxlu N1 dqg Pdqq M1 +4<<7, Nuljlqj wkh orfdo ulvn ri

d uduh glvhdvh iurp d uhjlvwhu ri gldjqrvhv/ Jhrjudsklfdo Dqdo|vlv/ 59/ 49;04;81

^47;` Zhlu L1V1 dqg Shwwlww D1Q1 +4<<<, Vsdwldo prghoolqj iru elqdu| gdwd xvlqj d

klgghq frqglwlrqdo dxwruhjuhvvlyh Jdxvvldq surfhvv= d pxowlyduldwh h{whqvlrq

ri wkh surelw prgho/ Vwdwlvwlfv dqg Frpsxwlqj/ </ ::0;91

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foxvwhuv ri glvhdvh/ Elrphwulnd/ :7/ 96409681

^483` Zlnoh F1N1/ Ehuolqhu O1P1 dqg Fuhvvlh Q1 +4<<;, Klhudufklfdo Ed|hvldq vsdfh0

wlph prghov/ Hqylurqphqwdo dqg Hfrorjlfdo Vwdwlvwlfv/ 8/ 44:04871

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judsklfv dqg orfdo vwdwlvwlfv/ Mrxuqdo ri wkh Ur|do Vwdwlvwlfdo Vrflhw|/ Vhulhv

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iru vsdwldo vwdwlvwlfv/ Elrphwulnd/ ;8/ 584059:1

^487` [ld K1/ Fduolq E1S1 dqg Zdoohu O1D1 +4<<:, Klhudufklfdo prghov iru pdsslqj

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^488` [ld/ K1/ dqg Fduolq/ E1 +4<<;, Vsdwlr0whpsrudo prghov zlwk huuruv lq frydul0

dwhv pdsslqj Rklr oxqj fdqfhu pruwdolw|1 Vwdwlvwlfv lq Phglflqh/ 4:/ 53580

53761

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ELEOLRJUDILD 464

ylwdpqlq D dqg ulvn ri oxqj fdqfhu dprqj zklwh phq lq Qhz Mhuvh|1 Mrxuqdo

ri wkh Qdwlrqdo Fdqfhu Lqvwlwxwh/ :6/ 475<047681

[livro] estatística espacial com aplicações em epidemiologia, economia e sociologia

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