jhjidhl;aj wohhkh

jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh

11 fY%a‚h

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ii iii

m%:u uqøKh - 2015

fojk uqøKh - 2016

f;jk uqøKh - 2017

isjqjk uqøKh - 2018

miajk uqøKh 2019

yhjk uqøKh 2020

ish¨ ysñlï weúß‚'

ISBN 978-955-25-0417-4

Published by: Educational Publications DepartmentPrinted by : State Printing Corporation, Panaluwa, Padukka.

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

mdk`Mj" mdÿlal msysá rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ

uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;alrk ,È'

ii iii

Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/`os w;s fidanudk ,xld

OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd

wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d

ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd

kfuda kfuda ud;d


Tn fõ wm úoHd - Tn u h wm i;Hd

Tn fõ wm Yla;s - wm yo ;=< Nla;s

Tn wm wdf,dafla - wmf.a wkqm%dfKa

Tn wm Ôjk fõ - wm uqla;sh Tn fõ

kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d

{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd

tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd

huq huq ù fkdmud

fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d


iv v

wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda

tl ksjfiys fjfikd

tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ

wm lh ;=< ÿjkd

tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda

tl f,i tys jefvkd

Ôj;a jk wm fuu ksjfia

fid¢k isáh hq;= fõ

ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS

fj<S iu.s oñkS

rka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;d

lsis l, fkdu Èrkd

wdkkao iurfldaka

vi vii

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh mS'tka' whs,mafmreu

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


fufyhùu ví,sõ'ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ^ixj¾Ok&


iïnkaëlrKh hQ' tA' kd,skS fifkúr;ak

iyldr flduidßia


t,a' fla' tia' ã' mSßia

iyldr flduidßia

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j ^2020&

f,aLl uKav,h

ã' tia' rdcmlaI iyldr w' w' " l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" n,xf.dv

tia' ta' ã' iqnisxy .=re jD;a;sh" O¾urdc úoHd,h" uykqjr

tï' mS' tia' wd¾' fmf¾rd lÓldpd¾h" Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

iqmqks ,shk.=Kj¾Ok - lÓldpd¾h" Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

fla' jhs' fÊ' fidaur;ak - lÓldpd¾h" Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

tï' tï' tï' b,ahdia - .=re WmfoaYl" l,dm ld¾hd,h" .ïmy

iS't,a 'tï' kjdia -.=re WmfoaYl" l,dm ld¾hd,h" bínd.uqj

tï' tï' tï' wiañ .=re jD;a;sh" riSla *Íâ u' ú' mkdmsáh" lrkafo‚h

ixialdrl uKav,h

relau,a ùrisxy fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

wdpd¾h tï' ã' mqIaml=udß fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

hQ' tA' kd,skS fifkúr;ak iyldr flduidßia" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

tAa' î' úfÊiQßh fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wjidk ixialrKh iy we.hSu

relau,a ùrisxy fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

fidaÿm;a lshùu

fcisld úchúl%u i' w' w' ^úY%dñl&" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" y,dj;

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

tA' ù' wfhaId È,arelaIs wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

vi vii

mdßNdIsl jpk ud,dj 104

mgqk

1 jHdmdr ie,eiau 01

2 wf,ú ie,eiau 09

3 ksIamdok ie,eiau 23

4 mßmd,k ie,eiau 29

5 uQ,H ie,eiau 37

6 jHdmdr ixúOdk 61

7 jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh 83

1

mßÉfþoh 01

jHdmdr ie,eiau

fuu mßÉfþoh u.ska my; ±lafjk lreKq ms<sn| j idlÉPd flf¾'

1'1 jHdmdr ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

1'2 jHdmdr ie,eiaul ixhq;sh

1'3 jHdmdr ie,eiaul wjYH;dj

fkdñf,a fnÞ yeÍu i|yd h'

2

1'1 jHdmdr ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

— Tn ie,iqï lsÍug wiu;a jkafka kï Tn wiu;a ùug ie,iqï lrkafkah ˜

by; lshuk l<ukdlrK fËa;%fha biau;= lrkafka id¾:l;ajh i|yd ie,iqul

we;s wjYH;djhs' ´kEu ld¾hhla id¾:l lr .ekSug ie,eiaula ;sîu wjYH

fõ' 10 jk fY%a‚fha § úúO we.hSï l%u Ndú; lrñka jHdmdr wjia:djla f;dard

.kakd wdldrh wOHhkh l< Tn tu jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu

i|yd wjYH jk wjfndaOh ,nd.; hq;= h' fufia f;dard.;a jHdmdr wjia:dj

ienE jHdmdrhla njg mßj¾;kh lr l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ie,iqï ms<sfh,

lsÍu jHjidhlhdf.a uQ,sl ld¾hhls' fuu mßÉfþoh yeoEÍfuka Tng jHdmdr

ie,iqï ms<sn| j uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,efnkq we;'

my; ±lafjk l%shdldrlfuys ksr; ùfuka jHdmdr ie,iqï ms<sn| j Tnf.a

wjfndaOh jvd;a ;yjqre lr.; yels h'

l% shdldrlu 01

my; i|yka m%ldY lshjd tAjd ksjerÈ kïa,l=K o jerÈ kï r ,l=K o bÈßfha

we;s fldgqj ;=< i|yka lrkak'

wkq

wxlhm%ldYh a/ r

01 iEu mqoa.,fhl=g u fyda ixúOdkhlg u bgq lr .ekSug hï

hï wruqKq ;sfí'

02 wdrïN lrk iEu jHdmdrhla u id¾:l fõ'

03 hyñka uqo,a fhoùfuka muKla jHdmdr id¾:l lr .; yels h'

04 mßirfha isÿjk fjkialï iuÕ jHdmdr ie,iqï wkq.; úh

hq;= h'

05 jHdmdrhl lghq;= ms<sn| j miqúmrï lsÍug kï ie,eiaula

;sìh hq;= h'

06 jHdmdr ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï § ndysr mßirh ms<sn| ksYaÑ;

mqfrdal:k lsÍu wúksYaÑ; h'

07 mßir idOl ksrka;rfhka fjkiajk neúka jHdmdr ie,iqï

ms<sfh, lsÍu wjYH fkdfõ'

08 ´kEu wruqKla id¾:l lr .ekSug ie,eiaula ;sîu wjYH fõ'

3

ie,iqï jHdmdr mßir ;;a;ajh úuid n,d

ms<sfh, l< hq;= h' tfia ms<sfh, lrk ,o

ie,iqï ;=<ska iSñ; iïm;a Ndú; lrñka

úúO Wmdhud¾. wkq.ukh lrñka jHdmdr

id¾:l;ajh <Õd lr.; yels úh hq;= h' tfia

fkdùfuka msysgqjd.;a wruqKq bgq fkdúh yels

w;r tA i|yd fhojQ iïm;a o wmf;a hd yels h'

Tfí mdi, úúO ie,iqï wkqj l%shd;aul fjñka mj;sk wOHdmk wdh;khls'

mdif,a m%Odk ld¾hd,fha we;s jd¾Isl ,s; Tn ±l we;ehs is;uq' th mdif,a wÞ<

j¾Ih ;=< l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaIs; l%shdldrlï we;=<;a ie,eiauls' tfukau

Tng ,eî we;s mka;s ld,igyk o ie,iqula i|yd bÈßm;a l< yels ksoiqkls'

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § iy mj;ajdf.k hdfï § tu jHdmdrh

u.ska <Õd lr .ekSug wfmalaIs; wruqKq yd tA i|yd l%shd;aul

lsÍug wfmalaIs; úúO ld¾hhka ixúOdkh lr úêu;a wdldrhlg

ms<sfh, lrkq ,nk f,aLkh jHdmdr ie,eiaula f,i ie,lsh

yels h'

fuu meyeÈ,s lsÍug wkqj Tn úiska ksr; jQ by; i|yka l%shdldrlfuys ksjerÈ;dj

kej; mÍlaId lrkak'

1'2 jHdmdr ie,eiaul ixhq;sh

jHdmdr ie,eiaul ixhq;sh uQ,sldx. lsysmhlska iukaú; fõ' bka my; ±lafjk

uQ,sldx. ms<sn| j Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lruq'

rEmh 1'2 - jHdmdr ie,eiaul ixhq;sh

úOdhl

idrdxYhwf,ú ie,eiau

ksIamdok

ie,eiau

mßmd,k

ie,eiauuQ,H ie,eiau

jHdmdr ie,eiaul uQ,sldx.

rEmh 1'1

4

by; olajk ,o tla tla uQ,sldx. ms<sn| j fláfhka úuid n,uq'

01' úOdhl idrdxYh

jHdmdr ie,iqul ixlaIsma;h úOdhl idrdxYh f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' jHdmdr

ie,iqula mÍYS,kh lrkq ,nk mqoa.,fhl=g jHdmdrfha jeo.;au lreKq idrdxY

j bÈßm;a lsÍu fuys § isÿfõ'

jHdmdr ie,iqu mßYS,kh lrk

mqoa.,fhl=g úOdhl idrdxYhla

lshejQ miq tu lreKq u.ska

jHdmdrh .ek Ñ;%hla ukfia

ks¾udKh ùug iu;a fjk mßÈ

úOdhl idrdxYh bÈßm;a l< hq;=

h' fuh fndfyda úg ;ks msgqjlska

bosßm;a lrhs'

úOdhl idrdxYhl wka;¾.; jkafka

jHdmdrfha ku" l¾udka; lafIa;%h l=ulao hkak b;d fláfhka

jHjidhlhd úiska wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug wfmalaIs; jHdmdrfha

ku iy tys iajNdjh wdÈh ms<sn| j ±laùu

wf,úlrK ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq u;=lrñka tys idrdxYh

b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhka" wfmalaIs; b,a¨u yd iemhqu" ksIamdÈ;fha ñ,"

fnÞ yeÍfï yd m%j¾Okfha iqúfYaIS;d iy ;r.ldÍ;aj jdis <Õd lr .ekSfï

Wml%u wdÈh ±laùu

ksIamdok ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq u;=lrñka tys idrdxYh

ksIamdok l%shdj,sh" ksIamdok msßjeh iy ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha iqúfYaISNdjh

wd§ lreKq ±laùu

mßmd,k ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq u;=lrñka tys idrdxYh

mßmd,k jHqyh" mßmd,k lghq;= isÿjk wdldrh wd§ lreKq ±laùu

uq,H ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq u;=lrñka tys idrdxYh

jHdmdrhg wjYH jk wruqo,a" tAjd iïmdokh lr .kakd wdldrh iy

,dNÞhS;dj wd§ f;dr;=re ±laùu

jHdmdrfha iqúfYaISNdjh b;d fláfhka

rEmh 1'3

5

ksIamdÈ;fha iqúfYaIS;dj" fnÞ yeÍfï iqúfYaIS;dj wd§ lreKq u.ska ;r.ldÍ

wdh;kj,ska ;u wdh;kh fjkia jkafka flfia o hkak ±laùu

jHdmdr ie,iqu ilia lr bosßm;a lsÍfï mrud¾: yd wruqKq fláfhka

kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fyda mj;sk jHdmdrhla mq¿,a lsÍug wjYH

nexl= Khla ,nd .ekSug fyda ;udf.au wdfhdackhla i|yd bÈß lghq;=

úêu;a j l<ukdlrKh lsÍug o hkak ±laùu

úOdhl idrdxYhg miq msgqfjys jHdmdrfha idudkH f;dr;=re ms<sn| j §¾>

úia;rhla olajhs' tys jHdmdrh iy whs;slrejka ms<sn| j f;dr;=re ±lafõ'

02' wf,ú ie,eiau

jHdmdrhl wf,ú b,lal imqrd .kafka flfia o hkak fuu fldgiska úia;r

flf¾' fuys § wf,ú lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKavh fyda fiajdj" tA i|yd we;s b,a¨u"

wf,ú Wmdhud¾." wf,ú úhoï iy wf,ú wdÞhï hk lreKq mqfrdal:kh lr

bÈßm;a lrhs'

03' ksIamdok ie,eiau

wf,ú ie,eiafuka mqfrdal:kh lrk ,o NdKav fyda fiajd m%udKh

ie,ls,a,g f.k tAjd ksIamdokh lsÍug jeh jk msßjeh weia;fïka;= fldg olajk

fldgi ksIamdok ie,eiau fõ'

04' mßmd,k ie,eiau

jHdmdrhg wjYH fõ hehs wfmalaId lrk udkj

iïm;a ms<sn| f;dr;=re yd tA i|yd jk msßjeh

we;=<;a fldg ielfik fldgi mßmd,k ie,eiauhs'

05' uQ,H ie,eiau

jHdmdrhl wruqo,a iïmdokh yd fhoùu ms<sn| j

o wdÞhï" úhoï yd ,dNh ms<sn| weia;fïka;=j o

we;=<;a fldgi uQ,H ie,eiauhs'

Tn by; ±lajQ lreKq u.ska jHdmdr ie,eiau ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,nd .kakg

we;' jHdmdßlfhl=g jHdmdr ie,eiaula wjYH ùug fya;= úuid n,uq'

rEmh 1'4

6

1'3 jHdmdr ie,eiaul wjYH;dj

01' jHdmdr woyi meyeÈ,s lsÍug

jHdmdßlhd fjf<|m<g bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKavh fyda fiajdj

ms<sn|j;a tys iqúfYaIS;ajh ms<sn|j;a jHdmdrh flfrys Wkkaÿjk

md¾Yajhkag meyeÈ,s lsÍug WmldÍ fõ'

02' jHdmdrh i|yd u. fmkaùug

jHdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdfï § tla tla md¾Yaj

úiska l< hq;= ld¾hhka i|yd fhduq lrùug

yels fõ'

03' jHdmdr mßirh ms<sn| j wjfndaO lr .ekSug

jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hk mßir ;;a;aj

ksrka;r j fjkia ùug ,lafõ' jHdmdrfha

oekg mj;akd wNHka;r ;;a;aj fukau

ndysr ;;a;aj jk wd¾Ól" iudchSh"

foaYmd,k yd ;dlaI‚l ;;a;aj yd tajdfha

fjkia ùu yd iajdNdúl mßirh fjkia ùu hkd§ ;;a;aj l,a;nd y÷kd

.ekSug jHdmdr ie,iqïlrKh bjy,a fõ'

04' jHdmdrfha wkd.; ÈYdj fmkajd §ug

jHdmdrh wkd.;fha l =uk ;;a; ajhlg m;aùug wfmalaId lrkafka

o hkak meyeÈ,s lsÍug yels fõ'

05' wruqo,a iïmdokh lr .ekSug

,dN ,nk jHdmdrj, wdfhdackh lsÍug wruqo,a imhkakka leue;a;la

olaj;s' jHdmdr ie,eiaula u.ska jHdmdrfha l%shdldß;ajh yd wfmalaIs; m%;s,dN

fmkakqï flf¾' nexl= jeks wdh;kj,g wruqo,a iemhSu ms<sn| j ;SrK

.ekSug jHdmdr ie,eiau w;HjYH fõ'

06' fjf<|m< ms<sn| fyd| ;lafiarejla ,nd.ekSug

jHdmdrhl id¾:l wid¾:l nj ;SrKh ùug fjf<|m< b,a¨u m%Odk

idOlhla fõ' ;r.lrejka ms<sn| j o Tjqkaf.a fjf<|m< fldgi yd wf,ú

Wml%u ms<sn| j o ±kf.k tAjdg .e<fmk mßÈ Wmdhud¾. ilia lsÍu

i|yd ie,iqï wjYH fõ'

07' jHdmdrhg wjYH iïm;a y÷kd .ekSug

jHdmdr ie,eiau u.ska jHdmdr ld¾hhka g wjYH jk fN!;sl yd udkj

iïm;a y÷kd.; yels fõ'

rEmh 1'5

7

08' jHdmdrfha id¾:l;ajh ±k .ekSug

jHdmdr lghq;= mqfrdal:kh fldg wdrïN l< fyd;a hï ksYaÑ; ld,hla

wjidkfha jHdmdrh ,nk m%;sM,h jgyd .; yels h' uekúka mqfrdal:kh l<

jHdmdr ie,eiaulska jHdmdrh wkd.;fha id¾:l fyda wid¾:l fõ o hkak

j¾;udkfha ;lafiare lr wúksYaÑ; ;;a;aj i|yd uqyqK §ug yels fõ'

09' jHdmdrh ms<sn| j iuia; wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug

jHdmdr ie,eiaula u.ska bÈß ksYaÑ; ld,hla ;=< jHdmdrfha úúO

l%shdldrlï iúia;r j olajk neúka tys wkd.; iajrEmh ms<sn| j meyeÈ,s

wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels h'

l% shdldrlu 02

my; ±lafjkafka jHdmdr ie,eiaul we;=<;a lrk f;dr;=re lsysmhls' tu

f;dr;=re we;=<;a jkafka jHdmdr ie,eiaul l-=uk fldgig o hkak f;dard

bÈßfhka ,shkak'

wkq

wxlhúia;rh

ie,eiau

01 ;r.lrejkaf.a wf,ú Wml%u

02 jHdmdrhg wjYHjk fiajlhka j¾.

03 iuia; jHdmdr ie,eiafï ixlaIsma;h

04 m%d.aOk wjYH;dj

05 weia;fïka;=.; ld¾hd, fiajl jegqma

06 weia;fïka;=.; m%pdrK úhoï

07 tla tla fiajl ldKav i|yd ;sìh hq;= wju iqÿiqlï

08 mqfrdal:kh l< lïy,a úÿ,sh .dia;=

09 jHdmdrfha iajNdjh

10 jHdmdrfha uqo,a .,d tAï yd uqo,a .,d hdï

11 ksIamdok tAllhl msßjeh

12 jHdmdrfha msysàu

13 wf,ú mqfrdal:kh

14 b,lal wf,ú m%foaY

15 jd¾Isl wuqøjH wjYH;dj

8

ms<s;=re ,shuq

01' jHdmdr ie,eiaula hkqfjka Tn woyia lrkafka l=ula o@

02' jHdmdr ie,eiaul uQ,sldx. kï lrkak'

03' jHdmdr ie,eiaulska m%fhdack ,nk md¾Yaj olajkak'

04' hï jHdmdrhlg ie,eiaula fkdue;s ùfuka tu jHdmdrh uqyqK mE yels

.eg¨ ljf¾ ±hs olajkak'

05' jHdmdr ie,eiaul úOdhl idrdxYh hk fldgi jeo.;a jk wdldrh

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

9

mßÉfþoh 02

wf,ú ie,eiau


2'1 wf,ú ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

2'2 fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKh

2'3 fhdAð; jHdmdrfha wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾.

2'4 úl=Kqï mqfrdal:kh

2'5 wf,ú wdodhu yd wf,ú úhou

2'6 wf,ú ia:djr j;alï

2'7 wf,ú ie,iqï ms<sfh, lsÍu

10

2'1 wf,ú ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

iuia; jHdmdr ie,eiafï moku f,i wf,ú ie,eiau y`ÿkajd Èh yels h' tfia

jkafka wf,ú ie,eiafï we;=<;a b,lal fjf<|m< mdßfNda.sl wjYH;d iy

b,a¨ï lrk tAll m%udKh wd§ lreKq mokï lrf.k iuia; ie,eiafï fiiq

fldgia ms<sfh, flfrk neúks'

jHjidhlhd úiska wf,ú lsÍug wfmalaId lrk NdKavh fyda fiajdj" thg wod<

fjf<|m< yd wf,ú lsÍug wod< Wmdhud¾. meyeÈ,s fldg wfmalaIs; NdKavh

fyda fiajdj iïnkaO wf,úh yd wf,ú úhoï mqfrdal:kh fldg bÈßm;a lsÍu

wf,ú ie,eiafuka isÿfõ'

jHdmdrhl wf,ú lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKavh fyda fiajdj" b,lal fjf<|m< yd

b,lal fjf<|m<g <Õd jk wdldrh ±lafjk f,aLkh wf,ú ie,eiauhs'

wf,ú ie,eiaul my; ±lafjk fldgia wka;¾.; fõ'

fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKh

fhdað; jHdmdrfha wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾.

úl=Kqï mqfrdal:kh

úl=Kqï wdodhu yd wf,ú úhou

wf,ú ia:djr j;alï

fuu tla tla f;dr;=re ms<sn| j fláfhka úuid n,uq

2'2 fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKh

fjf<om< úYaf,aIKh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka jHdmdrh yd ne`ÿKq fjf<|m<

ms<sn| úuid ne,Suls' bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKavh fyda fiajdj i|yd

we;s b,a¨u" b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhka" ;r.lrejkaf.a iajNdjh yd Tjqkaf.a

wf,úlrK Wml%u wdÈh ms<sn| j .eUqßka fidhd ne,Suls' fï ;=<ska jHjidhlhdg

;u jHdmdrfha wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd i,ld ne,sh hq;=

idOl ms<sn| j uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,nd foa'

fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKhl uQ,sl mrud¾:h jkafka wf,ú ie,eiau jvd;a ksjerÈ j

ms<sfh, lr .ekSug wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu hs' tneúka wf,ú ie,eiafï m<uq

mshjr f,i fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKhla l< hq;= fõ'

11

fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKhlg wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu

fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKhg wjYH f;dr;=re úúO wdldrfhka /ia lr.; hq;= h' tys §

my; ±lafjk l%u nyq, j Ndú; flf¾'

mdßfNda.slhkag m%Yakdj,s ,nd § ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSu

mdßfNda.slhka iu. iïuqL idlÉPd lsÍu

fjf<|m< ;=< mdßfNda.slhka .kqfokq lrk wdldrh ksÍlaIKh lsÍu

mqj;am;a" iÕrd" jd¾;d" wka;¾cd,h jeks uQ,dY% wOHhkh lsÍu

fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKhl § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq

1' iajlSh NdKavh fyda fiajdj i|yd we;s b,a¨u

jHjidhlhd fjf<|m<g bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaId lrkafka oekgu;a

fjf<|mf<a wf,úhg we;s NdKavhla úh yels h' tfia ke;fyd;a

hï fjkila we;s l< NdKavhla fyda kj;u NdKavhla úh yels h' tA i|yd

mdßfNda.slhka f.a ñ, § .ekSug we;s leue;a; yd ñ, § .ekSfï yelshdj

mÍlaId lsÍu fuhska woyia fõ'

2' b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhd

;u NdKavh fyda fiajdj ñ, § .kq we;ehs wfmalaId lrk fyda wkd.;fha

ñ, § .ekSug fmd<Ujd .ekSug yels fõ heh s wfm al aId lrk

mdßfNda.slhka b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhd fõ'

my; ±lafjk ksoiqka u.ska b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhd y÷kd .ksuq'

NdKavh fyda fiajdj b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhd

wNHdi fmd;a mdi,a isiqka

rka NdKav ldka;djka

my jir YsIH;aj fmryqre fmd; 4 iy 5 jirj, isiqka

cx.u ÿrl:k w¨;ajeähd fiajdj cx.u ÿrl:k Ndú; lrkakka

lS%vd NdKav lS%vlhka

jHjidhlhd ;u b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhd jvd;a ksjerÈ j y`ÿkd.; hq;= h' tA

ksid mdßfNda.slhdf.a jhi" wdÞhu" ia;S% mqreI Ndjh" /lshdj" iudc ;;a;ajh jeks

idOl wkqj o j¾. lr .ekSu u.ska b,lal.; mdßfNda.slhd jvd;a iqúfYaIS j

yÿkd.ekSug yelsjkq we;'

12

3' ;r.lrejka

jHjidhlhd úiska bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKavh fyda fiajdjg iudk

NdKav fyda fiajd fjf<|m<g imhkakka ;r.lrejka f,i ie,fla'

fjf<|mf<a úúO ikakï kdu hgf;a ;u NdKavhg fyda fiajdjg

iudk j bÈßm;a fldg we;s ;r.ldÍ NdKav fyda fiajd imhkakka óg

wh;a fõ' WÞ( oka;df,am" inka" fpdl,Ü" ÿrl:k fiajd'

;j o tu j¾.fhau NdKav yd fiajd fkdjQ j o ;u NdKavhg fyda fiajdjg

wdfoaYl úh yels NdKav yd fiajd o olakg we;'

my; ±lafjk ksoiqka u.ska wdfoaYl NdKav y÷kd .ksuq

ksIamdÈ;h wdfoaYlh

frÈ fidaok inka leg frÈ fiaÿï l=vq

ng¾ ud.ßka

ngysr ffjoH fiajd wdhq¾fõo ffjoH fiajd

l=,S ld¾ r: fiajh ;%S frdao r: fiajh

f;a fldams

fï wkqj ;r.ldß;ajh wOHhkfha § iucd;sh NdKav fukau wdfoaYl NdKav

yd fiajd ms<sn| j fukau ;r.lrejkaf.a wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. ms<sn|j o

ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu 01

fjf<|mf<a we;s NdKav yd fiajd lsysmhla f;dardf.k tu f;dard.;a NdKav yd

fiajd iïnkaO j iudk yd wdfoaYl NdKav ,shd olajkak'

NdKavh$fiajdjúúO ikakï kdu we;s

iudk ksIamdÈ;wdfoaYl ksIamdÈ;

13

2'3 fhdAð; jHdmdrfha wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾.

fjf<|m< f;dr;=re fidhd ne,Sfuka miq

;r.lrejkaf.a wf,úlrK Wml%u ms<sn| j

jegySula jHjidhlhdg ,efí' tu ;r.lrejkag

uqyqK § id¾:l;ajhg meñ‚h yels jk mßÈ ;u

jHdmdrfha wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. f;dard .; hq;=

h' wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾. f;aÍfï § wf,ú ñY%h

wdY%s; j ;SrK .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' ksIamdÈ;h" ñ,"

fnÞyeÍu yd m%j¾Okh hkq wf,ú ñY%fha m%Odk

úp,Hhka fõ' fïjd 4Ps hkqfjka o ye¢kafõ'

fïjd ms<sn| j flá úia;rhla my;ska ±lafõ'

ksIamdÈ;h (Product) mdßfNda.slhdf.a wjYH;d fyda jqjukd bgqlr §ug fjf<|m<g bÈßm;a

lrk NdKavh fyda fiajdj ksIamdÈ;h f,i ye`Èkafõ'

;ud bÈßm;a lrk NdKavh fyda fiajd iïnkaOj;a tAjdfha wka;¾.;h"

yevh" .=Kh" m%udKh" fjf<|kduh jeks .=Kdx. yiqrejk wdldrh

ms<sn|j;a fuys § i,ld n,kq ,efí'

ñ, (Price) NdKavh fyda fiajdj ,nd .ekSfï § mdßfNda.slhd ±ßh hq;= msßjeh NdKavfha

ñ, fõ' ñ, NdKavhl b,a¨u flfrys o jHjidhlhdf.a ,dNh flfrys o

n,mdk m%Odk idOlhls'

;ud bÈßm;a lrk NdKavh fyda fiajdj iïnkaO j ñ, lsÍfï Wmdhud¾."

ñ, ,l=Kq lrk wdldrh" jÜgï fokafka kï ta ms<sn| j hkd§ lreKq

fuys § i,ld n,hs'

ia:dkh (Place) ;u NdKavh fyda fiajdj b,lal mdßfNda.slhd fj; <Õdlr §u i|yd

wkq.ukh lrk ls%hdud¾. fuhska woyia fõ' tkï ksIamdolhdf.a isg

Rcq j u mdßfNda.slhdg wf,ú lsÍu" is,a,r fjf<÷ka u.ska mdßfNda.slhdg

wf,ú lsÍu" ksIamdolhdf.ka f;d. fjf<÷kag o Tjqkaf.ka is,a,r

fjf<kaokag o wjidkfha mdßfNda.slhd fj; NdKav wf,ú lsÍu wdoS f,i

mdßfNda.slhdg NdKav fyda fiajd ,nd .ekSug myiqj ie,iSug úúO

Wmdhud¾. Ndú; l< yels h'

fuys § ;u NdKavh fyda fiajdj wÞ< mdßfNda.slhd fj; <Õd lr §ug

Wla; Wmdhud¾.hkaf.ka WÑ; Wmdhud¾. i,ld ne,sh hq;= h'

rEmh 2'1

14

m%j¾Okh (Promotion)

fjf<|m<g bÈßm;a lrk NdKav fyda fiajdj,g b,a ula we;s lr.ekSug o

mj;sk b,aü jeä lr.ekSug o b,lal mdßfNda.slhd wdl¾IKh

lr.ekSug o Ndú; lrk Wml%u m%j¾Okh f,i yeÈkafõ'

fï i|yd my; ±lafjk wdldrfha l%u Ndú; l< yels h'

rEmjdysksh" .=jkaúÿ,sh" mqj;am;a"

nek¾" w;a m;s%ld" fmdaiag¾ wd§

jHdmdßlhka nyq, j Ndú; lrk

m%pdrK Wml%u

kj ;dl aIKh Ndú; fldg

wka;¾cd,fha fjí wvú" uqyqKq

fmd; (Facebook) jeks m%pdrK

Wml%u

cx.u ÿrl:k u.ska flá m‚úv fiajh (SMS)

.ekqïlrejka fm!oa.,sl j uqK.eiS NdKav fyda fiajd bÈßm;a lsÍu

úúO iudc fiajd" l,d;aul lghq;= wd§ jevigyka ixúOdkh lsÍu

by; úia;r l< whqßka ;u NdKavh fyda fiajdj fj; mdßfNda.slhd fhduqlr

.ekSug iy r|jd .ekSug Ndú; lrk m%j¾Ok l%u ms<sn| j wf,ú ie,eiaul

i|yka úh hq;= h'

2'4 úl=Kqï mqfrdal:kh

bÈß ksYaÑ; ld,hl § jHjidhlhd

fjf<|m<g bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaIs;

NdKav fyda fiajd m%udKh ;SrKh lsÍu

úl=Kqï mqfrdal:khhs' fjf<|m< f;dr;=re

úYaf,aIKfhka miq j ;u NdKavh fyda

fiajdj i|yd b,lal fjf<|m< ;=< mj;sk

b,aü ms<sn| j wjfndaO lr.; yels h' fuys

§ ;ud bÈßm;a lrk NdKavh fyda fiajdj

i|yd mq¿,a jQ fjf<|m<la ;sìh yels h'

jHdmdrh wdrïNl wjia:dfõ § u fuu uq¿ b,aü wdjrKh fkdl< o ;udf.a

Yla;sh wkqj ;udg w;am;a lr .; yels fjf<|m< fldgfiys úl=Kqï tAll

m%udKh mqfrdal:kh l< yels h'

rEmh 2'2

rEmh 2'3

15

ksoiqka (-

hï NdKavhla i|yd wod< m%foaYh ;=< i;shlg tAll 15 000l

b,a ula we;s nj wkdjrKh úh' ±kg isák ;r.lrejka imhkafka

bka tall 12 000la mu‚' tkï tall 3 000la i|yd fjf<|m< ysveila

we;' tu tAll 3 000l m%udKhu iemhsh yels o ke;skï bka fldgila

muKla imhkafka o hkak kj jHjidhlhd ;SrKh l< hq;= h'

úl=Kqï mqfrdal:khl § wfmalaIs; wf,ú m%udKh Èklg" i;shlg" uilg"

f;uilg" j¾Ihlg wd§ f,i mqfrdal:kh lr.ekSu ;SrK .ekSug myiq lrhs'

tfia mqfrdal:kh lr.;a úl=Kqï m%udKh wf,ú ie,eiafuys i|yka l< hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu 02

my; ±lafjk iqúfYaIS mdßfNda.sl fldÜGdi b,lal lrf.k jHjidhlfhl=g

bÈßm;a l< yels NdKavhla iy fiajdjla ne.ska ,shd olajkak'

wkq wxlh b,lal fjf<|m< NdKavh fiajdj

01 jhi 65 blaujQ ck;dj

02 fmr mdi,a orejka

03 ueo fmrÈ. /lshd wfmalaIs; ldka;djka

04 fm!oa.,sl nia ysñhka

05 úfoia Wiia wOHdmkh wfmalaIs; isiqka

06 úÿ,s ld¾ñlhka

07 /lshd lrk ujqjreka

08 l=vd mßudK jHjidhlhka

09 ffjoHjreka

10 Èhjeähd frda.Ska

2'5 úl=Kqï wdodhu yd wf,ú úhou

úl=Kqï wdodhu

wfmalaIs; NdKav fyda fiajd úl=Kqï tall m%udKh tAllhl wfmalaIs; úl=Kqï

ñf,ka .=K lsÍfuka ,efnk w.h wfmalaIs; úl=Kqï wdÞhu fõ'

wfmalaIs;

úl=Kqï wdÞhu

wfmalaIs; NdKav fyda

fiajd úl=Kqï tall m%udKh

tAllhl wfmalaIs;

úl=Kqï ñ, = x

16

wf,ú úhou

NdKav fyda fiajd wf,ú lsÍug wod< j ork ish¨ úhoï óg wh;a fõ'

ksoiqka (-

wf,ú l<ukdlrejkaf.a yd wf,ú fiajlhkaf.a jegqma yd fõ;k

wf,ú uOHia:dk we;akï tajdfha l=,sh" kv;a;= úhoï" úÿ,sh" c,h"

rlaIKh wd§ úhoï

ÿrl:k" ,sms øjH wd§ wf,ú ld¾hd, úhoï

m%pdrKh yd m%j¾Okh i|yd jQ úhoï

wf,ú r:" wf,ú wxYfha we;s ld¾hd, WmlrK yd iú lsÍï jeks

ia:djr j;alï we;akï tAjdfha msßjeh iy wdhq ld,h i,ld hï

jákdlula úhoula f,i ie,lsh hq;= h' th laIh úhou f,i ye¢kafõ'

by; ±lajQ wdldrhg wdh;kfha uq¿ úl=Kqï wdÞhu iy wf,ú úhou ms<sn|

mqfrdal:k lrk ,o o;a; wf,ú ie,eiaug we;=<;a l< hq;= h'

2'6 wf,ú ia:djr j;alï

jHdmdrfha wf,ú yd fnÞyeÍfï ld¾hhka g Rcq j wÞ< jk ia:djr j;alï wf,ú

ia:djr j;alï fõ'

ksoiqka (-

wf,ú yd fnÞyeÍfï ld¾hhkaj, § Ndú; jk bvï yd f.dvke.s,s"

hka;% WmlrK yd r: jdyk" ld¾hd, WmlrK yd ,S nvq

rEmh 2'4

17

2'7 wf,ú ie,iqï ms<sfh, lsÍu

by; olajk ,o ixl,am ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd my; olajd we;s

isoaêh weiqßka wf,ú ie,iqula ilia lr we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'

jHdmdr woyia .Kkdjla wOHhkh l< wls, úchj¾Ok fhda.Ü ksIamdokh lsÍug f;dard .;af;a h'

wdrïNl wjia:dfõ Tyq fjfik r;akmqr wr,sh m%foaYh b,lal lrf.k jHdmdrh wdrïN

lsÍug ;SrKh lf<a h' tu m%foaYfha isÿl< fjf<|m< ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sug wkqj fhda.Ü

fjf<|m< iïnkaOfhka /ialr.;a f;dr;=re my; ±lafõ'

r;akmqr wr,sh m%foaYfha ck.ykh 40 000ls'

ck.ykfhka 5]la iEu Èklu fhda.Ü wdydrhg .kS' ±kg fjf<|mf<a fhda.Ü wf,úfhka

75]la lsß fhda.Ü jk w;r 25]la m,;=re fhda.Ü fõ'

;r.lrejka ms<sn| úia;r

;r.lrejka udisl iemhqu fjf<|m< fldgi

rcrg fhda.Ü 12 000 20]

fi!uHd fhda.Ü 18 000 30]

ABC Food iud.u 6 000 10]

Healthy Food iud.u 24 000 40] uq¿ iemhqu 60 000 100]

;r.lrejkaf.a wf,ú Wml%u

ksIamdÈ;h (- lsß fhda.Ü yd m,;=re fhda.Ü f,i j¾. follska bÈßm;a lsÍu

ñ, (- fjf<|m< ñ, wkqj ñ, kshu lsÍu

ia:dkh (- is,a,r fjf<|i,a u.ska mdßfNda.slhdg fnÞyeÍu

m%j¾Okh (- fjf<|i,aj, fhda.Ü kduh fh¥ kdu mqjre m%o¾Ykh yd fmdaiag¾

m%o¾Ykh

18

;u m%foaYh ;=< fhda.Ü b,a¨fuka 50% ndysr iud.ïj,ska imhk nj;a 50% la m%foaYfha

isák ksIamdolhka fofofkla imhk nj;a wkdjrKh úh'

ta wkqj wdrïNl j¾Ifha § b,lal m%foaYfha wf,úfhka 10% w;am;a lr .ekSug;a ta i`oyd

my; i|yka Wmdhud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍug;a ;SrKh lrk ,§'

ksIamdÈ;h (- lsß fhda.Ü yd m,;=re fhda.Ü j¾. ksIamdokh

ñ, (- fjf<|m< ;r.ldÍ ñ,

ia:dkh (- is,a,r fjf<|i,a yd wdmk Yd,d u.ska fnodyeÍu yd ksIamdok

ia:dkfhka wf,ú lsÍu

m%j¾Okh (- wf,úi, wdY%s; j fmdaiag¾ m%o¾Ykh" l=vd <uqka i|yd iaál¾ ,nd §u

fhda.Ü fnÞyeÍu i|yd re' 480 000la jákd ;%Sfrdao r:hla ñ, § .ekSug wfmalaId

lrhs'

wfmalaIs; wfkl=;a úhoï my; ±lafõ'

;%S frdao r:fha jd¾Isl laIh m%udKh re' 4 800

rlaIK jdßlh jd¾Isl j re' 4 800

udisl bkaOk yd fiajd .dia;=j re' 7 200

udisl wf,ú fiajl jegqma re' 10 000

fmdaiag¾ uqøKh i|yd udisl úhoï re' 1 500

iaál¾ uqøKh i|yd udisl úhoï re' 2 000

i;shlg Èk 5la fnÞyeÍfï lghq;=j, ksr; fõ' fjf<|mf<ys fhda.Ü tll ñ, re' 30ls'

lsß fhda.Ü yd m,;=re fhda.Ü ñ, w;r fjkila ke;'

19

wf,ú ie,eiau

1' ksIamdÈ;h

wf,ú lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKavh ms<sn| úia;r

1' lsß fhda.Ü ^lsß" iSks" jeks,d iys;&

11' m,;=re fhda.Ü ^lsß" iSks" jeks,d" m,;=re fldgia yd fc,s iys;&

2' b,lal lKavdhu

r;akmqr wr,sh m%foaYfha Ôj;ajk ck.ykhhs' ck.ykh 40 000ls'

3' b,lal wf,ú m%foaYh

r;akmqr wr,sh m%foaYh

4' NdKavh iïnkaO fjf<|m<

NdKavh

b,lal

mdßfNda.sl

ixLHdj

mdßfNda.sl

rgdj

udisl b,aü jd¾Isl b,aü

m%udKhjákdlu

ñ, x tAll m%'m%udKh

jákdlu

re'

1' lsß

fhda.Ü

2' m,;=re

fhda.Ü

1500

^ffoksl&

500

^ffoksl&

j¾Ih mqrd

me;sreKq

b,aüla we;

tu

45 000

^60 000 x 75%&

15 000

^60 000 x 25%&

60 000

1 350 000

450 000

1 800 000

540 000

180 000

720 000

16 200 000

5 400 000

21 600 000

5' ;r.lrejkaf.a iemhqï úYaf,aIKh

m%Odk ;r.lrejka imhkq ,nk NdKav yd fiajdTjqkg we;s fjf<|m<

fldgi

1

2

3

4

rcrg bkaviaà%ia

fi!uHd bkaviaà%ia

ABC *qâ iud.u

Healthy *qâ iud.u

lsß fhda.Ü$m,;=re fhda.Ü

tu

tu

tu

20 ]30 ]10 ]40 ]100 ]

6' jHdmdßlhdf.a b,lal fjf<|m< fldgi

NdKavh ie,iqï.; fjf<|m< fldgi

1' lsß fhda.Ü 10 ]2' m,;=re fhda.Ü 10 ]

20

7' ;r.lrejkaf.a wf,ú Wmdhud¾.

wf,úlrK ñY%h Wmdhud¾.

NdKavh Product lsß yd m,;=re f,i j¾. follska fhda.Ü bÈßm;a lsÍu .=K;ajh yd fi!LHdrlaIs; nj ;yjqre lsÍu

ñ, Price ;r.ldÍ ñ, kshu lsÍu

ia:dkh Place is,a,r fjf<|i,a u.ska fnodyeÍu

m%j¾Okh Promotion fhda.Ü kduh fhdÞ fjf<|i,aj, kdu mqjre fh§u wf,ú m%foaYh ;=< m%pdrl fmdaiag¾ m%o¾Ykh

8' jHdmdßlhdf.a fhdað; wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾.


NdKavh Product lsß fhda.Ü yd m,;=re ñY% fhda.Ü j¾. follska bÈßm;a lsÍu

ñ, Price ;r.ldÍ ñ, kshu lsÍu

ia:dkh Place wdmkYd,d" is,a,r fjf<|i,a iy ksIamdok wdh;kh u.ska

m%j¾Okh Promotion wf,úi, wdY%s; j fmdaiag¾ m%o¾Ykh"

iaál¾ ,nd §u u.ska l=vd <uqka wdl¾IKh lsÍu

9' jHdmdßlhdf.a jd¾Isl úl=Kqï mqfrdal:kh

NdKavh$fiajdj

udisl wfmalaIs;

úl=Kqï tAll

tall ñ,

re'

udisl úl=Kqï

re'

jd¾Isl úl=Kqï

re'

lsß fhda.Ü 4 500 30 135 000 1 620 000

m,;=re fhda.Ü 1 500 30 45 000 540 000

tl;=j ^100%& 6 000 180 000 2 160 000

10' wf,ú úhou

whs;u udisl úl=Kqï úhou re' jd¾Isl úl=Kqï úhou re'

wf,ú fiajl jegqma

jdyk laIh

wf,ú r: rlaIK

bkaOk yd fiajd úhoï

fmdaiag¾ uqøKhg

iaál¾ i|yd

10 000

400

400

7 200

1 500

2 000

120 000

4 800

4 800

86 400

18 000

24 000

tl;=j 21 500 258 000

11' wf,ú ia:djr j;alï

whs;uh jákdlu re' jd¾Isl laIh re'

;%S frdao r:h 480 000 4 800

21

l%shdldrlu 03

rileú,s ksIamdokh lr wf,ú lsÍu i|yd jHdmdrhla wdrïN l< hq;= hehs ;SrKh l<

iiañ;d m%foaYfha wdmkYd,d lsysmhlg f.dia wf,ú lsÍug we;s ri leú,s j¾. ms<sn| j iy

tAjdfha b,a¨u ms<sn| j fidhd ne,Sug woyia l<d h'

fjf<|i,a ysñhkaf.a f;dr;=re wkqj ;sßÕ=msá wdY%s; rileú,s ksIamdokh lrk ksIamdolhka

/ila isáh o iy,a msá yd l=rlalka msá wdY%s; j rileú,s ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd wvq

msßila isák nj weh wjfndaO lr .;a;d h'

úúO fi!LHuh fya;= ksid ck.ykfhka ie,lsh hq;= msßila iy,a msá yd l=rlalka msá Ndú;hg

keUqre jk nj;a fjf<|m< f;dr;=re wOHhkfha § weh wkdjrKh lr .;a;d h' tfukau my;

±lafjk f;dr;=re o tla/ia lr.kakd ,È'

weh Ôj;a jk wl=/iai ch.u m%foaYfha 80 000la muK ck.ykh isák nj

bka 20%la l=rlalka yd iy,amsá ñY% wdydrj,g reÑh olajk nj

Tjqka Èk follg jrlaj;a rileú,s i|yd b,a¨ï lrk nj

oekg isák m%Odk ;r.lrejka yd Tjqkaf.a fjf<|m< fldgi my; mßÈ jk nj

úukais rileú,s ksIamdÈ; - 30% wrekao;S rileú,s ksIamdÈ; - 35%

Tjqka my; i|yka wf,ú Wml%u Ndú; lrk nj o wkdjrKh úh'

rij;a nj yd fi!LHdrlaIs; nj ;yjqrej

Èk follg jrla fnÞyeÍu yd b;sßjk wdydr wdmiq ,nd .ekSu

rileú,s ms<sn| fjf<|i,a wdY%s; j ±kaùï mqjre m%o¾Ykh

weh fjf<|mf<ka 25%la wdjrKh jk fia jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug;a ;r.lrejkaf.a wf,ú

Wml%u tf,iska u Ndú; lrk w;r;=r ;u ksIamdos; ms<sn| j w;a m;%sld u.ska ±kqj;a lsÍug;a

;SrKh lrk ,È'

22

weh wdrïNfha § u iy,a yd l=rlalka msá ñY% flala iy w¿jd fjf<|m<g bÈßm;a lsÍug

;SrKh l< w;r tAjdfha fjf<|m< ñ, my; ±lafjk mßÈ kshu lsÍug ;SrKh lrk ,È'

flala - re'20

w¿jd - re'10

ksIamdÈ; fnÞyeÍu i|yd re' 200 000la jákd h;=re meÈhla ñ,g .ekSug ;SrKh lrk ,È'

my; ±lafjk úhoï weia;fïka;= lrk ,È'

ksIamdÈ; fnÞ yeÍfï fiajlhdg uilg re' 15 000l jegqmla ,nd §u

jd¾Isl rlaIK .dia;= re' 3 000

udisl bkaOk .dia;= re' 10 000

udisl fiajd .dia;= re' 1 500

h;=re meÈh jd¾Isl j re' 4 800la laIh fõ hehs weia;fïka;= lr we;'

±kaùï m;%sld yd mqjre i|yd jd¾Isl j re' 6 000l uqo,la jeh fõ hehs wfmalaId flf¾'

by; f;dr;=re weiqßka iiañ;d rileú,s jHdmdrfha wf,ú ie,eiau ms<sfh, lrkak'

ms<s;=re ,shuq'

01' wf,ú ie,eiau hkq l=ulao@

02' wf,ú ie,eiafï wvx.= fldgia kï lrkak'

03' 4Ps kï lr fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

04' fjf<|m< úYaf,aIKhlg f;dr;=re ,nd .kakd l%u fudkjdo@

05' wf,ú ia:djr j;alï hkak meyeÈ,s lrkak'

23

mßÉfþoh 03

ksIamdok ie,eiau


3'1 ksIamdok ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

3'2 ksIamdok l%shdj,sh

3'3 ksIamdok ia:djr j;alï

3'4 ksIamdok msßjeh

3'5 tAllhl ksIamdok msßjeh

3'6 ksIamdok ie,iqï ms<sfh, lsÍu

24

3'1 ksIamdok ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

ksIamdok ie,eiau jHdmdr ie,eiaul ;j;a jeo.;a uQ,sldx.hls' th ms<sfh,

lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqKq kï uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh .Kkh lsÍu;a tA weiqßka ksIamdok

tAllhl msßjeh .Kkh lsÍu;a h'

Tn óg by; § bf.k.;a wf,ú ie,eiafï § jHdmdßlhd wf,ú lsÍug wfmalaIs;

NdKav fyda fiajd m%udKh weia;fïka;= lrk ,È' bkamiqj wjYHjkafka tu

NdKav fyda fiajd m%udKh ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd jk msßjeh weia;fïka;= lr

.ekSuhs' tA i|yd jHjidhlhd ksIamdok ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lr .; hq;= h'

hï NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla wjika ksIamdÈ;h njg m;alr .ekSfï § tA i|yd

lsishï úhoula ±Íug isÿjk nj Tng jegfykq we;' ksoiqkla f,i Tn Ndú;

lrk wNHdi fmd;a .ek i,ld n,kak' tA i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka lvÞis" weuqKqï

lgq" uqøs; msgljr jeks øjH wjYH jkakd fiau tu fmd;a lemSu" ne£u wdÈh i|yd

hka;% iQ;% yd WmlrK o wjYH fõ' tmuKla o fkdj tu lghq;= lsÍu i|yd

fiajlhka o wjYH fõ'

fï iEu fohla i|yd u hï úhoula ±Íug isÿ fõ' ksIamdokh lrk NdKav yd

fiajd m%udKh jeä jk úg wjYH jk øjH o" fiajlhka o" tA i|yd jeh jk

msßjeh o jeä fõ' tu ish¨ úhoï ie,ls,a,g f.k ksIamdok ie,eiaula ms<sfh,

lsÍu wjYH fõ'

lsishï wfmalaIs; ksIamdok tAll m%udKhla i|yd ±Íug isÿjk msßjeh weia;fïka;=

lr ms<sfh, lrkq ,nk f,aLkh ksIamdok ie,eiau jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels h'

ksIamdok ie,eiaul we;=<;a f;dr;=re my; ±lafõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sh

ksIamdok ia:djr j;alï

ksIamdok msßjeh

øjH msßjeh

Y%u msßjeh

fjk;a msßjeh

tAll msßjeh

fu;eka isg tu f;dr;=re tlsfkl ;j ÿrg;a wOHhkh lruq'

rEmh 3'1

25

3'2 ksIamdok l%shdj,sh

wf,ú ie,eiafï § mqfrdal:kh l< wfmalaIs; NdKavh fyda fiajdj ksmojkafka

flfia ±hs úia;r lsÍu ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhka isÿ fõ' tkï wfmalaIs; NdKavh

fyda fiajd j ksIamdokh lsÍug fhdÞ .kakd fhojqï" tu fhojqïj,g isÿ lrk

fjkialï iy wjidk ksIamdÈ;h ms<sn| j iúia;r wjfndaOhla ,nd §ug

ksIamdok l%shdj,sh bÈßm;a l< hq;= h' fuys § fhojqï hkqfjka woyia lrkafka

hï NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk iïm;a h'

lsß f;a fldamamhla ilia lr .ekSu ksoiqkla f,i f.k ksIamdok l%shdj,sh

ms<sn| j wjfndaOh mq¿,a lr .ksuq'

fhojqï mßj¾;k l%shdj,sh ksuejqu

c,h

iSks

f;a fld<

lsßmsá

fla;,h

.Eia,sm

.Eia

fldamamh

fcda.=

fmrkh

yekao

nkafoaish

Y%uh

c,h fla;,hlg oud WKq lsÍu

WmlrK msßisÿ lsÍu

lsßmsá yd iSks fcda.=jg oud ñY% lsÍu

f;a l=vq fcda.=jlg oud WKqj;=frka ;eïîu

f;a fmrKhg oud fmrd .ekSu

lsß yd iSks iu. fmrd .;a f;a ñY% lsÍu

fidaÞ msßisÿ lr.;a fldamamj,g lsß f;a fmrd .ekSu

lsß f;a

fldamamh

by; ±lafjk wdldrhg ´kEu ksIamdÈ;hla iïnkaO j fhojqï ksujqï in|;dj

olajk ksIamdok l%shdj,shla mj;S' th my; ±lafjk f,i bÈßm;a l< yels h'

fhojqï mßj¾;k l%shdj,sh ksuejqu

l%shdldrlu 01

my; ±lafjk tla tla ksIamdÈ;j, ksIamdok l%shdj,s meyeÈ,s lrkak'

±j fïih

lñih

ueá .fvd,

26


ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd kej; kej; È.= ld,Sk j Ndú; lrk f.dvke.s,s"

hka;% iQ;%" WmlrK jeks foa ksIamdok ia:djr j;alï f,i y÷kajd Èh yels h'

3'4 ksIamdok msßjeh

hï ksIamdÈ; tAll m%udKhla ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd øjH" Y%uh yd fjk;a úhoï

fjkqfjka ork ,o msßjehj, tl;=j uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh f,i .Kkh flf¾'

ksIamdok msßjeh = øjH msßjeh + Y%u msßjeh + fjk;a msßjeh

fuu tla tla msßjeh ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a wOHhkh lruq'

øjH yd øjH msßjeh

hï NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla ksIamdokh lsÍfï § Ndú; lrk fhojqï øjH fõ'

ksIamdokfha § øjH f,i fhdÞ .kakd foa i|yd jeh jk uqo, øjH msßjeh f,i

.efka'

by; ksoiqfkys c,h" iSks" f;a fld<" lsß msá" hk fhojqï wuqøjH jk

w;r tAjd i|yd jk msßjeh wuqøjH msßjeh fõ'

Y%uh yd Y%u msßjeh

fhojqï ksujqï njg m;alrk l%shdj,sh i|yd ñksia Y%uh wjYH fõ' Y%uh fjkqfjka

f.ùula l< hq;= jk w;r th Y%u msßjeh kï fõ' tu f.ùï jegqma yd fõ;k

f,i ye¢kafõ

ksIamdokhg jeh jk fjk;a úhoï

by; ±lajQ wuqøjH msßjeh iy Y%u msßjehg wu;r j ksIamdok lghq;= i|yd ±Íug

isÿjk fjk;a úhoï o we;' tAjd ksIamdokhg jeh jk fjk;a úhoï f,i ie,lsh

yels h' by; ksoiqfkys f;a ms<sfh, lrk wjia:dfõ wdf,dalh ,nd .ekSu i|yd

úÿ,s nqnq,la ±,ajQfha kï tA i|yd o msßjehla we;' tfia fmdÿfõ ork úhoï fï

.Khg wh;a fõ' tfukau ksIamdokh i|yd fhdÞ .kakd ia:djr j;alï msßjefhka

tAjdfha wdhq ld,h i,ld hï jákdlula úhoula f,i ie,lsh hq;= h' th laIh

úhou f,i ye¢kafõ'

27

ksIamdok wdh;khl wdf,dallrKhg jehjk úÿ,sh" uqrlref.a jegqm" l¾udka;

Yd,dj rlaIKh lr we;akï tA i|yd jk úhou" ia:djr j;alï laIh wdÈh fuu

j¾.hg wh;a fõ'

3'5 tAllhl ksIamdok msßjeh

uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh ksIamdÈ; tAll ixLHdfjka fn¥ úg tAllhl ksIamdok

msßjeh .Kkh l< yels fõ'

tAll ksIamdok msßjeh = uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh

ksIamdÈ; tAll ixLHdj

3'6 ksIamdok ie,iqï ms<sfh, lsÍu


isoaêh weiqßka ksIamdok ie,iqula ilia lr we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'

udhd rkaÈhf.a jHdmdrfha ksIamdok úhoï ms<sn| weia;fïka;=j my; ±lafõ'

fuu jHdmdrfha uilg isfuka;s yd je,s ñY%s; íf,dla.,a 12 000la ksIamdokh lrhs'

udisl úhoï weia;fïka;=j

tlla re' 900 ne.ska isfuka;s u¨ 150

tlla re' 6 000 ne.ska je,s lshqí 50

tlla re' 50 ne.ska ,sysis f;,a ,Sg¾ 20

c,h re' 3 000

úÿ,sh re' 3 000

kv;a;= úhoï re' 1 000

mqyqKq Y%ñlhdf.a udisl jegqm re' 25 000

kqmqyqKq Y%ñlhdf.a udisl jegqm re'10 000

hka;% laIh re' 2 000

28

udhd rkaÈhf.a jHdmdrh

ksIamdok ie,eiau

whs;uhudisl

wjYH;djtAll ñ,

re'uq¿ úhou

re'

isfuka;s u¨je,s lshqí,sysiais f;,a ,Sg¾c,húÿ,shkv;a;= úhoïmqyqKq Y%ñlhdkqmqyqKq Y%ñlhdhka;% laIh

1505020---

0101-

9006 000

50---

25 00010 000

-

135 000300 000

1 0003 0003 0001 000

25 00010 0002 000

uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh - - 480 000

tAll ksIamdok msßjeh 480 000 − 12 000 40

l%shdldrlu 02

my; ±lafjkafka ffoksl j l¨ fÞfÞ,a 25kg la ksmojk zm%Œ; rileú,sZ

ksIamdok jHdmdrfha ffoksl úhoï ,ehsia;=jhs' tA weiqßka jHdmdrfha uq¿ ksIamdok

msßjeh yd tAll ksIamdok msßjeh .Kkh lrkak'

whs;uhffoksl wjYH;dj

tAll úhou re'

uq¿ úhou re'

iSksyd,a msáfmd,a f.ä lcq uo" tkaid,a jeks rildrlor ñáY%ñlhd ^jegqma&

15 kg20 kg

20200 g

041

10010050-

1001 500

1 5002 0001 000

600400

1 500

ms<s;=re ,shuq'

01' ksIamdok ie,eiau Tn y÷kd.kafka flfia o@

02' ksIamdok ie,eiaul we;=<;a wx. fudkjd o@

03' ksIamdok ia:djr j;alï hkq ljf¾ o@

04' ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ksoiqkla u.ska úia;r lrkak'

05' tAll ksIamdok msßjeh .Kkh lrk wdldrh olajkak'

29

mßÉfþoh 04

mßmd,k ie,eiau


4'1 mßmd,k ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

4'2 mßmd,kuh ;k;=re yd ld¾hhka

4'3 fiajl jegqma yd fõ;k

4'4 wfkl=;a mßmd,k úhoï

4'5 mßmd,k ia:djr j;alï

4'6 mßmd,k ie,iqï ms<sfh, lsÍu

30

4'1 mßmd,k ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

jHdmdrhl lghq;= whs;slreg fyda whs;slrejkag

muKla ;ks j lrf.k hdu wmyiq neúka úúO

udkj iïm;aj, iyh wjYH fõ' fufia wjYH

fõ hehs wfmalaId lrk udkj iïm;a ms<sn|

j f;dr;=re yd msßjeh weia;fïka;= we;=<;a

fldg ielfik fldgi mßmd,k ie,eiau

f,i y÷kajd Èh yels fõ' tu.ska jHdmdrfha

tA tA mqoa.,hkaf.a ld¾hhka yd j.lSï o n,;,

o úia;r lr olajhs'

mßmd,k ie,eiaul we;=<;a f;dr;=re my; ±lafõ'

mßmd,kuh ;k;=re yd ld¾hhka

fiajl jegqma yd fõ;k

wfkl=;a mßmd,k úhoï

mßmd,k ia:djr j;alï

fu;eka isg tu f;dr;=re tlsfkl ;j ÿrg;a wOHhkh lruq'

4'2 mßmd,kuh ;k;=re yd ld¾hhka

jHdmdrhl ksIamdok" wf,ú" uQ,H iy mßmd,k wd§ lghq;=j,g wÞ< j jHdmdrh

;=< msysgqjd we;s wxYj, we;s ;k;=re" tu ;k;=re ork whg wh;a ld¾hhka"

j.lSï yd wÞ< iqÿiqlï ksYaÑ; j ±laùu mßmd,k ie,eiqul wjYH;djls' hï

wdh;khl ld¾hhka wkqj wxY fn§ we;s wdldrh;a tA wkqj we;s l< ;k;=re yd

tAjdfha fm< .eiau;a ixúOdk igyklska ±laúh yels h'

my; ±lafjkafka jHdmdr wdh;khla tu jHdmdrfha uQ,sl ld¾hhkag wkqj fnÞ

we;s wxY i|yd mßmd,k ;k;=re msysgqjd we;s wdldrh ms<sn| ixúOdk igykla

i|yd jk ksoiqkls'

rEmh 4'2

l<ukdlrK wOHlaI

ksIamdok

l<ukdlre

wf,ú

l<ukdlreuQ,H l<ukdlre

udkj iïm;a

l<ukdlre

rEmh 4'1

31

by; olajk ,o ixúOdk igyfkys ksIamdok wxYfha ;k;=re msysgqjd we;s wdldrh

ms<sn| ixúOdk igykla i|yd ksoiqkla my; ±lafõ'

rEmh 4'3

hka;%

l%shdlre 4

ksIamdok

l<ukdlre

iqmÍlaIl 1 iqmÍlaIl 2

hka;%

l%shdlre 1

hka;%

l%shdlre 3

hka;%

l%shdlre 2

mßmd,k ie,eiaul ;k;=re" ld¾hhka yd j.lSï ±laùu i|yd my; ±lafjk

wdldrfha igykla Ndú; l< yels h' tys ±lafjkafka wdh;khl .KldêldÍ

;k;=rg wÞ< j ld¾hhka" j.lSï yd iqÿiqlï fõ'

ld¾hh j.lSu iqÿiqlï

ñ, § .ekSï lñgqj wëlaIKh

wjika f.ùï wkqu; lsÍu

fplam;a w;aika lsÍu

uQ,H m%ldYk ilia lsÍu

kshñ; Èkg

uQ,H m%ldYk

bÈßm;a lsÍu

jr,;a .KldêldÍjrfhl= ùu

l%shdldrlu 01

1' Tnf.a mdif,a mßmd,k jHqyh ±lafjk ixúOdk igyk we| olajkak

2' tu ixúOdk igyfka ;k;=re 03lg wÞ< j my; ±lafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak

;k;=r ld¾hhka j.lSï iqÿiqlï

32

4'3 fiajl jegqma yd fõ;k

jHdmdrfha tla tla wxYhkays ;k;=re orkakkag f.ùug wfmalaIs; uq¿ f.ùï

weia;fïka;= fldg ±laùu mßmd,k ie,iqul wjYH;djls' jHdmdrfha whs;slre

fyda whs;slrejka jHdmdrh fjkqfjka fiajh lrhs kï yd tA fjkqfjka jegqma

f.ùu wjYH jkafka kï tu jegqma o .Kkh fldg ie,iqug we;=<;a l< hq;= fõ'

4'4 wfkl=;a mßmd,k úhoï

by; i|yka l< mßmd,k jegqma yd fõ;kj,g wu;r j jHdmdrfha mßmd,k

lghq;=j,g wÞ< j ±Íug isÿjk fjk;a úhoï fõ kï tAjd o úhoï weia;fïka;=fjys

±laúh hq;= h'

tkï f.dvke.s,s l=,S" ÿrl:k úhoï" ,sms øjH úhoï" mßmd,k ia:djr j;alï

fõ kï tys kv;a;=" w¨;ajeähd yd laIh úhoï" ld¾hd,hSh úÿ,s úhoï" ;eme,a

úhoï" jßmkï nÿ wd§ mßmd,k lghq;=j,g wÞ< úhoï fuu weia;fïka;=jg

we;=<;a l< hq;= fõ'


jHdmdrhl mßmd,k lghq;=j,g Rcq j u wÞ< jk f,i Ndú; lrk ia:djr

j;alï o fõ'

f.dvke.s,s yd iú lsÍï" ld¾hd,hSh WmlrK hkd§ mßmd,k ia:djr j;alïj,

jákdlï wdÈh ksoiqka fõ'

4'6 mßmd,k ie,iqï ms<sfh, lsÍu


isoaêh weiqßka mßmd,k ie,iqula ilia lr we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'

.S;d ùriQßh mdi,a wOHdmkfhka miq jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,djlg iïnkaO úh' tys § weh

.uka u¨ ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka ukd ±kqula yd mqyqKqjla ,nd .;a;dh' bka wk;=rej

weh flá ld,hla .uka u¨ ksIamdok wdh;khl iqmÍlaIljßhl f,i lghq;= l<d h'

/lshdfjka bj;a jQ .S;d ;udgu whs;s .uka u¨ ksIamdok wdh;khla wdrïN lsÍug woyia

lrhs'

uyk hka;% 10la fhdÞ kj jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug woyia l< weh tA i|yd k.rfha

f.dvke.s,a,la l=,shg .ekSug ;SrKh l<d h' weh wdh;kfha m%Odk l<ukdldß‚h

f,i lghq;= lsÍug woyia lrk w;r tA i|yd udisl j re' 25 000l fõ;khla ,nd

.ekSug o wfmalaIdfjka isà' jHdmdrfha m%Odk l<ukdlrK lghq;= lrk w;ru ñ, § .ekSfï

yd wf,ú lsÍfï lghq;= o .uka u¨ idok frÈ lemSu o wehf.a ld¾hhka fldg i,lhs'

33

wehf.a iyhg w' fmd' i' ^W ' fm'& úNd.h iu;a j isák ;u fidfydhqrd jHdmdr lghq;=j,g

iyldr l<ukdlre jYfhka iïnkaO lr .kakd w;r fiiq fiaúldjka 10 fokdf.a lghq;= fidhd

ne,Su yd .sKqï ;eîfï lghq;= Tyqg mejÍug wfmalaId lrhs' tA fjkqfjka Tyqg re' 15 000l

udisl jegqmla f.ùug fhdað; h' hka;% l%shdlrejka .uka u¿ ueiSfï ld¾hfhys ksr; fõ' hka;%

l%shdlrejka w' fmd' i' ^id' fm'& úNd.h iu;a úh hq;= w;r we÷ï ueiSu ms<sn`o j udi 06g jeä

m<mqreoaola ;sìh hq;= h'

wdh;kfha mßmd,k lghq;=j,g wod< úhoï my; i|yka mßÈ fõ hehs .Kka n,d we;'

udisl ÿrl:k úhoï re' 2 000

udisl ,sms øjH úhoï re' 250

jd¾Isl rlaIK .dia;= re' 1 500

jHdmdrh re' 65 000la jákd ld¾hd,hSh WmlrK ñ, § .ekSug wfmalaIs; h' ld¾hd,hSh WmlrK

jd¾Isl j msßjefhka 12%la laIh úhoï f,i lmd yeÍug fhdað; h'

mßmd,k ie,iqu

1' jHjidhlh-ka ms<sn| úia;r

jHjidhlhd #- .S;d ùriQßh

iqÿiqlï #- w' fmd' i' ^W' fm(& iu;a

jD;a;Sh mqyqKq iy;slh jev m<mqreoao

2' ixúOdk igyk

m%Odk l<ukdldß‚h

iydh l<ukdlre

hka;% ls%hdlrejka 10

34

3' ixúOdk jHqyfha uQ,sl ;k;=re yd j.lSï

;k;=r ld¾hh j.lSï iqÿiqlï

m%Odk

l<ukdldß‚h

jHdmdr l<ukdlrK lghq;=

ñ, § .ekSï lghq;=

wf,ú lsÍfï lghq;=

.uka u¨ i|yd frÈ lemSu

ld¾hl aIu j

ksIamdok" wf,ú

yd mßmd,k

lghq;= fufyh

ùu

;;a;aj md,kh

w'fmd'i ^W' fm(&

jD;a;Sh mqyqKq

iy;slh

jev m<mqreoao

iyh

l<ukdlre

fiajl lghq;= wëlaIKh

.sKqï lghq;= yd .sKqï

jd¾;d ;eîu

ksIamdok b,lal

imqrd,Su

.sKqï lghq;=

w'fmd'i' ^W' fm(&

hka;%

l%shdlrejka

.uka u¨ ueiSu m%ñ;shg wkqj

ksIamdokh

ksIamdok

b,lal imqrd,Su

w'fmd'i' îd' fm(&

jev m<mqreoao

ûdi 06g jeä&

4' mßmd,k úhoï

whs;uh úhou ûdisl&

re'

úhou ^jd¾Isl&

re'

l<ukdlref.a fõ;kh

iydh l<ukdlref.a fõ;kh

ld¾hd,hSh WmlrK laIh

rlaIK .dia;=

ÿrl:k úhoï

,sms øjH úhoï

25 000

15 000

650

125

2 000

250

300 000

180 000

7 800

1 500

24 000

3 000

515 000

5' ia:djr j;alï

whs;uhjákdlu

re'

jd¾Isl laIh re'

1 jir

ld¾hd,hSh WmlrK 65 000 7 800

35

l%shdldrlu 02

my; ±lafjkafka weÕ¿ï l¾udka; Yd,djl ;k;=re lsysmhls'

1' ksIamdok l<ukdlre

2' mßmd,k ks,OdÍ

3' uQ,H l<ukdlre

4' wf,ú l<ukdlre

5' uyk hka;% l%shdlre

6' .sKqï ,smslre

by; tla tla ;k;=re i|yd .e<fmk iqÿiqlï" ld¾hhka yd j.lSï my; fok ,o

úia;r ;=<ska f;dard fuu j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

;k;=r iqÿiqlï ld¾hhka j.lSï

1'

2'

3'

4'

5'

6'

iqÿiqlï

1' wOHdmk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm< úNd.h iu;a ùu iy udi 06l

we÷ï ueiSu ms<sn| m<mqreoao

2' wf,úlrKh ms<sn| úfYaI Wmdêh

3' udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| Wmdêh

4' ú,dis;d ks¾udKh yd ksmehqï m%j¾Ok Wmdêh

5' jr,;a .KldêldÍjrfhl= ùu

6' Wiia fm< jd‚c úIhka iu;a ùu yd .sKqïlrK mdGud,djl m<uq wÈhr

iu;a ùu

ld¾hhka

1' uQ,H ;SrK .ekSu

2' ksIamdok lghq;= fufyhùu

3' we÷ï ueiSu

4' fiajlhkaf.a ,smsf.dkq kv;a;= lsÍu

5' ffoksl .kqfokq igyka lsÍu

6' m%j¾Ok biõ ixúOdkh

36

j.lSï

1' wLKav j ksIamdok lghq;= isÿùu ;yjqre lsÍu

2' wf,ú b,lal imqrd,Su

3' wNsfm%arKh jQ fiajl lKavdhula kv;a;= lsÍu

4' ffoksl ksIamdok b,lal imqrd,Su

5' ksjerÈ j .kqfokq yd jd¾;d ;eîu

6' wdh;kfha uQ,H ia:djr;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu

ms<s;=re ,shuq'

01' mßmd,k ie,eiau hkq l=ulao@

02' mßmd,k ie,eiaul we;=<;a jk f;dr;=re fudkjdo@

03' mßmd,k ia:djr j;alï kï lrkak'

04' fjf<| jHdmdrhl mßmd,kh uQ,sl jYfhka fnÈh yels wxY kï fldg

tAjdfha ;k;=re kdu olajkak'

05' ksIamdok l<ukdlrefjl=g mejfrk ld¾hhka lsysmhla kï lrkak'

37

mßÉfþoh 05

uQ,H ie,eiau


5'1 uq,H ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

5'2 jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr ld¾hhka iy úhoï

5'3 uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j

5'4 wfmalaIs; uqo,a .,d taï iy uqo,a .,d hdï ms<sn| f,aLkh

5'5 jHdmdr m%;sM, .Kkh

iuia; jHdmdr ie,eiau

38

5'1 uQ,H ie,eiau ye¢kaùu

miq.sh mßÉfþoj, § jHdmdr ie,eiaul wvx.= úh hq;= wf,ú" ksIamdok iy

mßmd,k ie,eiau ms<sn| j Tn wOHhkh lr we;' fuu mßÉfþofha § jHdmdr

ie,eiaul wjidk yd jeo.;a u jQ fldgila jk uQ,H ie,eiau ms<sn| j úia;r

flf¾' wfmaCIs; jHmdrfha wdfhdackh i|yd jQ uQ,H wjYH;d iy jHdmdrfha

,dNÞhs;ajh mqfrdal:kh lr olajkafka uQ,H ie,eiau kï fldgisks'

uQ,H ie,iqu u.ska wfmaCIs; jHdmdrh i|yd wdfhdackh lsÍug wfmalaIs; uqo,a

o" jHdmdrh ;=<g .,d tk uqo,a yd jHdmdrfhka msg;g .,d hk uqo,a o" ffoksl

j jHdmdr lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH úhoï o weia;fïka;= flf¾' tfukau

ksYaÑ; ld,hla ;=< jHdmdrfha mqfrdal:kh l< wdÞhu yd úhou ie,ls,a,g f.k

,efí hehs wfmalaIs; ,dNh o fuys fmkakqï flf¾'

uQ,H ie,iqula u.ska jHjidhlhdg my; ±lafjk m%fhdack ,efí'

jHdmdrhg wjYH jk wruqo,a m%udKh ks.ukh lr .ekSug

uQ,H .eg¨ wju lr .ekSug

ksYaÑ; ld,Éfþohla wjidkfha jHdmdrh ,nk m%;sM,h tkï ,dNh

±k .ekSug

tu m%;sM,h m%udKj;a o hkak we.hSug

uQ,H ie,eiaul wka;¾.; fldgia my; ±lafõ'

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr ld¾hhka yd úhoï

uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j

wfmalaIs; uqo,a .,d hdï iy uqo,a .,d tAï f,aLkh

jHdmdr m%;sM, .Kkh

fuu tla tla fldgia ms<sn| j fláfhka úuid n,uq'

5'2 jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr ld¾hhka yd úhoï

´kEu ld¾hhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr tA i|yd iïmQ¾K l< hq;= ld¾hhka iy ±ßh

hq;= úhoï mj;S' tfukau jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr o jHjidhlhd l< hq;=

ld¾hhka yd tAjd i|yd ±ßh hq;= úhoï o fõ' tjeks ld¾hhka iy úhoï lsysmhla

my; ±lafõ'

39

fjf<|m< iólaIK úhoï

kj jHdmdr lghq;a;lg t<öug m%:u j flfrk uQ,sl lghq;a;la jkafka tu

jHdmdrh iïnkaO j fjf<|m< wOHhkh lsÍuhs' thg wms fjf<|m< iólaIKh

hehs lshuq' tfia wfmaCIs; jHdmdr lghq;a; iïnkaO j wjYH f;dr;=re tla /ia

lr .ekSu" tAjd úYaf,aIKh lr .ekSu yd jd¾;d ilid .ekSu wd§ lghq;= fjkqfjka

ork úhoï óg wh;a fõ'

ksoiqka (-

mdßfNda.sl wjYH;d yd ;r.lrejka" NdKav yd fiajd fnÞyßk

wdldrh iy NdKavh fyda fiajdj úls‚h yels ñ, .Kka wd§ lreKq

ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsÍu i|yd jk úhoï

ia:dkh ixj¾Okh i|yd jk úhoï

jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN lsÍug fmr jHdmdr mßY%h Bg wjYH jk f,i ilid .;

hq;= h' tA i|yd ±Íug isÿjk úhoï óg wh;a fõ'

ksoiqka (-

úÿ,sh" N+ñh ieliSu" c, myiqlï"

wka;¾cd, myiqlï" ÿrl:k cd,

myiqlï ia:dmkh i|yd jk úhoï

iy mßY%h ilia lsÍu yd msßisÿ

lsÍu wdÈh i|yd jk úhoï

wuqøjH yd WmlrK fidhd ne,Su i|yd jk úhoï

jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN lsÍug m%:u jHdmdr lghq;=j,g wjYH jk WmlrK

,ndf.k ia:dms; lr.; hq;= h' tfiau ksIamdok lghq;a;l § kï ,dNÞhs j

wuqøjH" WmlrK wd§ iemhqï fiajd ,nd.; yels l%u yd wdh;k wdÈh ms<sn|

jHjidhlhd f;dr;=re imhd.; hq;= h' tAjd imhk wdh;k" ñ, .Kka" wdÈh

ms<sn| f;dr;=re fidhd .ekSu i|yd ork úhoï óg wh;a fõ'

ksoiqka (-

iemhqïlrejka fj; f.dia øjH yd WmlrK mÍlaId lsÍug hk

úhoï" ,sms f,aLk yqjudre ùfï úhoï" idïm, mßlaIdj wdÈh

i|yd jk úhoï

rEmh 5'1

40

,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd jk úhoï

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrk úg wÞ< n,h ,;a wdh;kj, ,shdmÈxÑ úh hq;= h' ;j o

we;eï jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd iqúfYaIS wkque;sh fyda n,m;% ,nd .; hq;= h'

ksoiqka (-

l¿.,a leãu iïnkaO jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrk úg § my;

±lafjk wdh;kj,ska úfYaI n,m;% ,nd.; hq;= ùu

Y%S ,xld uOHu mßir wêldßh

mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j

N+ úoHd yd m;,a lekSï ld¾hdxYh

fï wdldrhg jHdmdrfha ,shdmÈxÑhg yd úfYaI n,m;% ,nd .ekSu i|yd jk

úhoï óg wh;a fõ'

fjk;a úhoï

jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu fjkqfjka ±Íug isÿjk by; i|yka fkdjQ wkl=;a ish¨u

úhoï fï .Khg wh;a fõ'

ksoiqka (-

ffk;sl lghq;= i|yd hk úhoï" jHdmdr ie,eiau ilia lsÍug

hk úhoï" wdrïNl Èk W;aij úhoï wdÈh

rEmh 5'2

41

l%shdldrlu 01

kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN l< zm%;sNdZ jHdmdrfha úhoï lsysmhla my; ±lafõ' tAjd

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr úhoï hg;g .efka kï ,l=K o tfia fkdfõ

kï ,l=K o bÈßfha we;s fldgqj ;=< fhdokak'

wkq

wxlhúhou $

01 fjf<|m< iólaIK i|yd ABC iud.ug re' 25 000 la f.õjd

02 ld¾hd,hg ,S nvq ñ, § .;a;d re' 60 000

03 n,m;% i|yd m%dfoaYSh iNdjg f.õjd re' 1 500

04 f.dvke.s,s msßisÿ lsÍug f.õjd re' 5 000

05 úÿ,s iemhqu ,nd .ekSu i|yd mßY%h ilia lr .ekSug re' 4 000

06 mß.Kl cd,fha /yeka we§fï .dia;=j re' 8 000

07 mß.Kl hka;% 10la ñ, § .;a;d re' 800 000

08 jHdmdr ie,eiau ieliSu fjkqfjka f.õjd re' 20 000

09 jHdmdr wdrïNl Èkfha ix.%y úhoï re' 8 500

10iemhqïlrejka iu. f;dr;=re yqjudre lr.ekSu i|yd jQ

úhoï re' 1 000


jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug wfmalaIs; jHjidhlhdg fhdað; jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍu

i|yd fldmuK uqo,la wdfhdackh l< hq;= ±hs l,a ;nd ±k .ekSu b;du;a

jeo.;a fõ' uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j tu wjYH;dj Wfoid ilia lrkq ,nk

fldgils' we;eï úgl fuh zjHdmD;s msßjehZ f,i o y÷kajkq ,efí'

42

uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=jl wka;¾.;h

jHdmdr ie,eiaul we;=<;a uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j my; i|yka fldgiaj,ska

iukaú; h'

ia:djr j;alïj, jákdlu

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr ±ßh hq;= úhoï

jHdmdr lghq;= ffoksl j mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH jk uQ,sl wruqo,

^ldrl m%d.aOkh&

ia:djr j;alïj, jákdlu

jHdmdr lghq;= lrf.k hdfï § bvï" f.dvke.s,s" hka;% WmlrK" r:jdyk" ,Snvq

wd§ j;alï wjYH fõ' fujeks j;alï jHdmdr fjkqfjka j¾I lsysmhla Ndú; l<

yels fõ' fuys§ jHdmdrfha ia:djr j;alï f,i i,ld nef,kafka óg fmr ±lajQ

ksIamdok" wf,ú yd mßmd,k ie,iqïj, we;=<;a l< ish¨ ia:djr j;alï iy

tAjdfha jákdlï h'

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr ±ßh hq;= úhoï

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug m%:u ±ßh hq;= úhoï fudkjd ±hs 5'2 fldgiska wOHhkh

lr we;' uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j ieliSfï § tu úhoï ish,a, wÞ< lr

.efka'

jHdmdr lghq;= ffoksl j mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH jk úhou

jHdmdrfha lghq;= wLKav j mj;ajdf.k hdug ;rï m%udKj;a uqo,la jHdmdrh

wdrïNl wjia:dfõ isg jHjidhlhd i;= j mej;sh hq;= h' fufia tÈfkÞ jHdmdr

lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wjYH jk uqo,a m%udKh ldrl m%d.aOkh hk

kñka o y÷kajhs'

jHdmdrhlg wjYH ldrl m%d.aOkh ;SrKh lsÍfï § jHdmdrfha lghq;= wdrïN

lr jHdmdrhg uqo,a .,d tk f;la .;jk ld,hg wjYH jk ksIamdok úhoï"

wf,úlrK úhoï iy mßmd,k úhoï .Kkh lr.; hq;= fõ'

tkï tu ld,hg wÞ< wuq øjH" fiajl jegqma" c,h" úÿ,sh" ÿrl:k" m%pdrK"

fnÞyeÍfï úhoï" nÿ l=,sh" fmd,S wd§ ish¨ úhoï .Kkh lr.; hq;= fõ'

jHdmdrhl ldrl m%d.aOkh W!k j fyda w;sßla; j mj;ajdf.k hdu wys;lr fõ'

wjYH ;rï ldrl m%d.aOkh fkdue;s jqjfyd;a ffoksl jHdmdr lghq;= iqug j yd

wLKav j lrf.k hdug ndOd we;s fõ'

43

ksoiqka (-

wuqøjH ksis fõ,djg ñ, § .ekSug wjYH uqo,a m%udKj;a fkdjqjfyd;a

tÈfkÞ ksIamdok lghq;= isÿ lsÍug fkdyels jk w;r ish¨

jHdmdßl lghq;= weK ysàu yd m%udo ùu u.ska jHdmdrhg w,dN

we;s ùu

ldrl m%d.aOk wjYH;djg jvd jeämqr uqo,la <Õ ;nd .ekSfuka

tAjd fjk;a wdfhdackhl fhdojd ,nd.; yels j ;snQ wdÞhula

fkd,eî hdu

W!k ldrl m%d.aOk wjia:djl§ hï wjYH;djla i|yd laI‚l j

uqo,a iïmdokh lr .ekSfï § jeä fmd,shla f.ùug fyda wjdis

iy.; ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §ug isÿ ùu

ia:djr j;alïj, jákdlu" jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr ±ßh hq;= úhoï iy

jHdmdr lghq;= ffoksl j mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH jk úhoï i|yd l< hq;=

wdfhdack uqo, ;SrKh l< miq tAjd iïmdokh lr.kq ,nkafka whs;slrejkaf.a

uqo,ska o ndysr md¾Yajhkaf.ka ,nd .;a uqo,ska o hkak ;SrKh l< hq;= h'

my; ±lafjk wNHdih u.ska uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, lrkafka

flfiao hkak wOHhkh lrkak'

ir;a isßj¾Ok uy;df.a zj¾OkZ wNHdi fmd;a jHdmdrh fjkqfjka ieliQ jHdmdr

ie,eiafï f;dr;=re my; ±lafõ'

úhoï weia;fïka;= re'

lvÞis lmk hka;%h ñ, § .ekSu 150 000

,shdmÈxÑ .dia;=j 1 500

úÿ,s in|;dj ,nd .ekSug wjYH mßY%h ieliSu 25 000

ld¾hd,hSh ,S nvq i|yd 80 000

ld¾hd,hg mß.Klhla ñ, § .ekSu 65 000

wf,ú r:hla ñ, § .ekSu 1 500 000

*elaia hka;%hla ñ, § .ekSu 15 000

jHdmdr ie,iqu ieliSfï úhoï 22 000

iudrïNl Èkfha W;aij úhoï 15 200

fjf<|m< iólaIK úhoï 18 000

44

ksIamdok wdh;kh f,i Ndú; lsÍug wfmalaIs; f.dvke.s,a, ir;a isßj¾Ok

uy;dg wh;a jk w;r tys jákdlu re' 2 000 000ls'

wf,ú r:h ñ, § .ekSug re' 1 000 000l nexl= Khla ,nd .ekSug fhdað; h'

;j o jHdmdr lghq;= lrf.k hdu i|yd i;s 02l ld,hl úhoïj,g

.e<fmk uqo,la wjYH nj ;lafiare fldg we;s w;r tu m%udKh

re' 350 000la muK fõ'

zzj¾OkZZ wNHdi fmd;a jHdmdrh

uq¿ wdfhdack weia;fïka;=j

fhdað; wdfhdackhuq¿

wdfhdackh

re'

whs;slre

fhdojk uqo,

re'

nexl= Kh

re'

ia:djr j;alï

f.dvke.s,a,

wf,ú r:h

ld¾hd,hSh ,S nvq

mß.Kl hka;%h

*elaia hka;%h

lvÞis lmk hka;%h

2 000 000

500 000

80 000

65 000

15 000

150 000

1 000 000

-

-

-

2 000 000

1 500 000

80 000

65 000

15 000

150 000

A' uq¿ ia:djr j;alï 2 810 000 1 000 000 3 810 000

wdrïN lsÍug fmr úhoï

fjf<|m< iólaIK úhoï

,shdmÈxÑ .dia;=

úÿ,s in|;dj ,nd .ekSu

jHdmdr ie,iqï ieliSu

iudrïNl W;aij úhou

18 000

1 500

25 000

22 000

15 200

-

-

-

-

-

18 000

1 500

25 000

22 000

15 200

B' wdrïN lsÍug fmr úhoï 81 700 - 81 700

ldrl m%d.aOkh

ffoksl jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd 350 000 350 000

C' uq¿ ldrl m%d.aOk wjYH;dj 350 000 - 350 000

uq¿ wdfhdackh ^A+B+C& 3 241 700 1 000 000 4 241 700

45

fï wkqj ir;a isßj¾Ok uy;dg jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug wjYH uq¿ wruqo,

re' 4 241 700 jk w;r bka re' 1 000 000la nexl= Khla f,i ,nd .ekSug;a

re' 2 000 000la jákd whs;slref.a f.dvke.s,a, jHdmdrhg fhoùug;a

re' 1 241 700 uqo, Tyqf.a fm!oa.,sl uqo,ska fhoùug;a kshñ; h'

l%shdldrlu 02

my; ±lafjkafka fudfyduâ b;a;sld¾ uy;d wdrïN lsÍug fhdað; weÕ¨ï

ksIamdok jHdmdrh iïnkaO f;dr;=re lsysmhls' tA weiqßka zb;a;sld¾ .dukaÜiaZ

wdh;kh i|yd jQ jHdmdr ie,eiafï uq¿ wdfhdack ie,eiau ilia lrkak'

whs;uh úhou re'

uyk ueIska 10la ñ, § .ekSug 400 000

f.dvke.s,a,g úÿ,sh ,nd .ekSug 25 000

ÿrl:k in|;dj ,nd .ekSug 23 000

ld¾hd,hSh WmlrK ,nd .ekSug 63 000

fjf<|m< iólaIK úhoï 4 500

frÈ lmk hka;%hla ñ, § .ekSug 200 000

c, myiqlu ia:dms; lr .ekSug 11 000

jHdmdr ie,iqu ilid .ekSug 15 000

jHdmdr ia:dkh i|yd fudfyduâ uy;d i;= re' 1 800 000la jákd

f.dvke.s,a, Ndú; lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'

;j o ±kgu;a Tyq i;= re' 200 000la jákd uyk ueIska 05la o jHdmdrhg

fhoùug woyia lrhs'

uyk ueIska 10la ñ, § .ekSug yd frÈ lmk hka;%hla ñ, § .ekSug

re' 600 000l nexl= Khla .ekSug o wfmalaId lrhs'

ffoksl jHdmdßl lghq;= lrf.k hdug wjYH w; ;sìh hq;= uqo,

re' 400 000ls'

46

5'4 weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a .,d taï iy uqo,a .,d hdï ms<sn| f,aLkh

hï wkd.; ksYaÑ; ld,fþohla ;=< fhdað; jHdmdrhg uqo,a .,d taï yd

jHdmdrfhka msg;g uqo,a .,d hdï we;=<;a lr ilik f,aLkhhs' fuu f,aLkh

ieliSfuka hï ksYaÑ; ld,Éfþohla wjidkfha jHdmdrfha we;s uqo,a m%udKh

.Kkh lr.; yels fõ' fuu.ska wkd.; ksYaÑ; ld,hla ;=< jHdmdrhg uqo,a

.,d taï" jHdmdrfhka msg;g uqo,a .,d hdï iy ksYaÑ; ld,h wjidkfha uqo,a

fYaIh olajhs'

uqo,a .,d tAï

jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,d taï f,i igyka lrkafka

whs;slrejka fhdojk m%d.aOkh

Kh uqo,a ,nd .ekSu

úl=Kqï i|yd uqo,a ,eîu

Kh.e;shkaf.ka ,eîï

f.dvke.s,s fyda fjk;a j;alï l=,shg § ,nk wdodhï

jHdmdrfha uqo,a wdfhdackh fldg ,nk wdfhdack wdodhï yd fmd,S

wdodhï

wd§ f,i l=uk wdldrfhka fyda jHdmdrh ;=<g uqo,a .,d taï h'

uqo,a .,d hdï

jHdmdrhl uqo,a .,d hdï ;SrKh jkafka tu jHdmdrfha ksIamdok" wf,ú" mßmd,k

iy uQ,H ie,iqïj, wvx.= lrk ,o úhoï weia;fïka;-=j,g wkqj h' fï wkqj

jHdmdrfhka msg;g uqo,a .,d hdug fya;=jk lreKq lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

j;alï ñ, § .ekSu

wuqøjH fyda fjf<| NdKav f;d. ñ, § .ekSu

úÿ,sh" ÿrl:k" rlaIK" m%jdyk" nÿ l=,S fiajl jegqma f.ùu wd§

úhoï f.ùu

Khysñhkag f.ùu

Kh jdßl f.ùu yd Kh fmd,sh f.ùu

nÿ uqo,a f.ùu

47

uqo,a fYaIh

ksYaÑ; ld,fþohla ;=< jHdmdrfha uqo,a .,d taï yd uqo,a .,d hdï w;r fjki

tu ld,Éfþoh wjidk Èkg we;s uqo,a fYaIh f,i ±laúh yels h'

bÈß j¾Ihl ld,h i|yd jHdmdrhl weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a .,d taï yd uqo,a .,d

hdï f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lr we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lrkak'

ksoiqka (-

mdi,a WmlrK wf,ú ie,la wdrïN lsÍug wfmalaIs; Ndis;f.a

jHdmdrfha jHdmdr ie,eiafuka bÈß j¾Ih i|yd Wmqgd .;a f;dr;=re

lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

re'

jHdmdrhg fhdojk Ndis;f.a uqo,a 1 000 000

wfmalaIs; wf,ú wdodhu 3 000 000

nexl= Kh ,nd .ekSu 500 000

f.dvke.s,s l=,sh f.ùug 120 000

úÿ,s ì, i|yd 12 000

Khysñhkag f.ùug 18 000

fiajl jegqma f.ùug 300 000

fjf<| f;d. ,nd .ekSug 2 300 000

Kh jdßl yd fmd,sh f.ùug 228 200

ùÿre w,audß 08la ñ, § .ekSug 300 000

fmd;a rdlal ieliSug 250 000

ld¾hd, WmlrK ñ,g .ekSug 60 000

fufyhqï fmr úhoï ±Íug 48 000

Kh.e;shkaf.ka ,eîu 100 000

rEmh 5'3

48

Ndis;f.a jHdmdrh

m<uq j¾Ih i|yd weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a m%jdy m%ldYh

úia;rh remsh,a remsh,a

uqo,a .,d taï

whs;slref.a fhoùu

nexl= Kh ,nd .ekSu

wfmalaIs; wf,ú wdodhu

Kh.e;shkaf.ka

uq¿ uqo,a .,d taï

uqo,a .,d hdï

f.dvke.s,s l=,sh f.ùu

úÿ,s ì, f.ùu

Khysñhkag f.ùu

fiajl jegqma f.ùu

fjf<| f;d. ,nd .ekSu

Kh jdßl yd fmd,sh f.ùu

ùÿre w,audß 08la ñ, § .ekSu

fmd;a rdlal ieliSu

ld¾hd, WmlrK ñ,g .ekSu

fufyhqï fmr úhoï

uq¿ uqo,a .,d hdï

ld,Éfþoh wjidkfha uqo,a fYaIh

1 000 000

500 000

3 000 000

100 000

120 000

12 000

18 000

300 000

2 300 000

228 200

300 000

250 000

60 000

48 000

4 600 000

^3 636 200&

963 800

49

l%shdldrlu 03

my; ±lafjkafka frdaIs;f.a jHdmdrfha jHdmdr ie,eiafuka bÈß j¾Ih i|yd

Wmqgd .;a f;dr;=re fõ' ta weiqßka weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a .,d taï iy uqo,a .,d

hdï ms<sn| f,aLkh ilia lrkak' j¾Ih wjidkfha § uqo,a fYaIh fmkajd fokak'

úia;rh jákdlu re'

whs;slre jHdmdrhg fhdojk uqo,a 500 000

nexl= Kh ,eîï 250 000

úl=Kqï wdodhï 1 860 000

WmlrK ñ,g .ekSu 120 000

fïi yd mqgq ñ, § .ekSu 300 000

mßirh w,xldr lsÍfï úhoï 60 000

jHdmdr ie,eiau ieliSfï úhoï 5 000

úlsŒu i|yd NdKav ñ,§ .ekSu 1 100 000

úÿ,s ì,a f.ùu i|yd 20 000

c, ì,a f.ùu i|yd 25 000

Kh jdßl f.ùug 55 000

,shdmÈxÑ .dia;= 1 500

5'5 jHdmdr m%;sM, .Kkh

jHdmdßlfhl= hï jHdmdrhla wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdfuka n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jkafka ,dNhla ,eîuhs' hï jHdmdrhla ksYaÑ; ld,hla wjidkfha w;am;a lr

.kakd ,dNh j¾;udkfha ±k .ekSug kï wfmalaIs; wdodhï yd úhoï ie,ls,a,g

f.k wjika ,dNh mqfrdal:kh l< hq;-= fõ'

jHdmdr ie,eiaul m%Odk wx.hla jk uQ,H ie,eiafuys we;=<;a lrk weia;fïka;=

.; wdodhï m%ldYh jHdmdßlhdf.a tu wjYH;dj imqrd foa'

fuu f,aLkfhys uQ,sl jYfhka my; ±lafjk lreKq we;=<;a fõ'

weia;fïka;=.; uq¿ wdodhu

weia;fïka;=.; uq¿ úhou

wfmalaIs; m%;sM,h

50

weia;fïka;=.; uq¿ wdodhu

wod< ksYaÑ; ld,h ;=< jHdmdrh wf,ú lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKav fyda fiajdj,

uq¿ jákdlu weia;fïka;=.; úl=Kqï wdÞhu fõ' tys § w;amsg uqo,g fukau Kh

mokug l< úl=Kqï o ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= fõ' tfukau jHdmdrhla úiska bmehSug

wfmalaIs; fjk;a wdÞhï we;akï tAjd o i|yka l< hq;= h' fï wkqj weia;fïka;=.;

uq¿ wdodhu hkq hï ld,fþohla ;=< bmehSug wfmalaIs; úl=Kqï wdodhu iy

wfkl=;a wfmalaIs; wdodhïj, tl;=j fõ'

weia;fïka;=.; uq¿ úhoï

wÞ< ksYaÑ; ld,h ;=< wf,ú lsÍug wfmalaIs; NdKav fyda fiajd fjkqfjka ±Íug

isÿjk ish¨u msßjeh weia;fïka;=.; uq¿ úhou kï fõ' fuu úhou .Kkh

lsÍfï § ksIamdok msßjeh yd ksIamdok fkdjk msßjeh jYfhka fjk fjk u

±laúh hq;= h'

ksIamdok msßjeh

jHdmdrfha ksIamdok lghq;=j,g Rcq j odhl jkakd jQ úhoï fï hg;g

.efka' ksIamdok msßjeh .Kkfha § my; ±lafjk úhoï ms<sn| j i,ld

ne,sh hq;= h'

wuqøjH msßjeh

Y%u msßjeh

fjk;a msßjeh ^fmdÿ ld¾hh msßjeh&

ksIamdok fkdjk msßjeh

jHdmdrfha ksIamdok lghq;=j,g Rcq j odhl fkdjkakd jQ úhoï fï

hg;g .efka' tajd kï"

wf,ú ie,eiafï wvx.= úlsŒfï yd fnÞyeÍfï úhoï

mßmd,k ie,iqfï wvx.=jk mßmd,k úhoï

uQ,H ie,eiafï we;=<;a jk uQ,H úhoï ^Kh fmd,sh wdÈh&

wfmalaIs; m%;sM,h

jHdmdrfha weia;fïka;=.; uq¿ wdodhñka weia;fïka;=.;

uq¿ úhoïj, tl;=j wvq l< úg jHdmdrfha wfmalaIs;

m%;sM,h ,efí' th ,dNhla fyda w,dNhla úh yels h'

m%;sM,h ,dNhla jkafka kï iy th fhdojk uqo,g

m%udKj;a hehs wdfhdaclhd ;Dma;su;a jkafka kï

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug ;SrKh l< yels fõ'

rEmh 5'4

51

m%;sM,h w,dNhla jQfha kï w,dN ,nk tjeks wjia:djl tA i|yd ;SrKhla

.ekSug jHjidhlhdg u. fmkaùula ,nd foa'

bÈß j¾Ihl ld,h i|yd jHdmdrhl wjika m%;sM,h .Kkh lsÍfï f,aLkhla

ms<sfh, lr we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lrkak'

ksoiqka (-

my; oelafjk zzisßir rileú,sZZ jHdmdrfha jHdmdr ie,eiafï

wvx.= f;dr;=re weiqßka tys m<uq j¾Ih i|yd wjika m%;sM,h

.Kkh lruq'

whs;uh jákdlu re'

úl=Kqï wdodhu

wuqøjH msßjeh

Y%u msßjeh

fjk;a ksIamdok msßjeh

úlsŒfï yd fnodyeÍfï úhoï

mßmd,k úhoï

uQ,H úhoï ^Kh fmd,sh&

3 000 000

1 500 000

300 000

285 000

60 000

72 000

24 000

zzisßir rileú,sZZ jHdmdrh

m<uq j¾Ih i`oyd wfmalaIs; m%;sM, .Kkh lsÍfï f,aLkh

re' re'

úl=Kqï wdodhu

wvq l<d -uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh

wuqøjH msßjeh

Y%u msßjeh

fjk;a ksIamdok msßjeh

wvq l<d - uq¿ ksIamdok fkdjk msßjeh

úlsŒfï yd fnodyeÍfï úhou

mßmd,k úhoï

uQ,H úhoï

1 500 000

300 000

285 000

60 000

72 000

24 000

3 000 000

^2 085 000&

^156 000&

Y=oaO ,dNh 759 000

fï wkqj zzisßir rileú,sZZ jHdmdßlhd m<uq jir ;=< jHdmdßl lghq;=j,ska

remsh,a 759 000l Y=oaO ,dNhla bmehSug wfmalaIs; h'

52

l%shdldrlu 04

my;ska ±lafjkafka úis;=re me< wf,ú lsÍfï jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug

wfmalaIdfjka lghq;= lrk wu,a m%kdkaÿf.a zúis;=re me< ;jdkZ fjkqfjka ieliQ

jHdmdr ie,eiafuka Wmqgd .;a f;dr;=re fõ' tu f;dr;=re weiqßka m<uq j¾Ih

i|yd wu,a m%kdkaÿf.a jHdmdrfha wfmalaIs; m%;sM,h .Kkh lrkak'

whs;uh jákdlu re'

wfmalaIs; úl=Kqï wodhu

wuqøjH msßjeh

Y%u msßjeh

fjk;a ksIamdok úhoï

wf,ú úhoï

mßmd,k úhoï

uQ,H úhoï

1 800 000

320 000

360 000

220 000

48 000

36 000

24 000

53

iuia; jHdmdr ie,eiau

fï jk úg Tn wf,ú ie,eiau" ksIamdok ie,eiau" mßmd,k ie,eiau" uQ,H

ie,eiau hkd§ jHdmdr ie,iqul uQ,sldx. ms<sn| j fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkakg

we;ehs is;uq' tu ie,iqïj, o;a; Ndú; lrñka jHdmdrhla úiska iuia; jHdmdr

ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lrkq ,efí'

my; ±lafjk úia;rh u.ska ir, lrk ,o wdlD;shlg wkqj jHdmdrhl iuia;

jHdmdr ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lrk wdldrh wOHhkh lrkak'

WÞrd f,o¾ m%vlaÜia

wkqrdOmqr i|t<sh m%foaYfha mÈxÑ WÞrd uOqjka;s mdi,aj, j¾K yd ks, ,dxPk iys; j tA

tA mdi,g wkkH jQ miqïì ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug ;SrKh l<d h'

m<uqfjkau weh ;ud Ôj;a jk m%foaYh b,lal fldg ksIamdok lghq;= weröug ;SrKh

l<d h' weh lrk ,o fjf<|m< wOHhkfhka wkdjrKh jQfha tu m%foaYh ;=< 60 000lg

wdikak YsIH ixLHdjla isák nj;a bka 50%la wdikak jYfhka YsIHdjka jk nj;a h' iEu

YsIHdjlau j¾Ihlg jrla miqïìhla ñ, § .kakd nj o wkdjrKh lr .kakd ,È'

mdi,a WmlrK wf,úlrejka re' 100 isg 200 olajd ;r.ldÍ ñ, .Kkaj,g úúO j¾.fha

miqïì wf,ú lrk nj o wkdjrKh úh' <uqkaf.a is;a weo .ekSug úúO j¾.j, rEm iys;

iaál¾ w,jd we;s miqïì fjf<÷ka úiska bÈßm;a fldg ;snq‚'

;r.lrejka ms<sn| úia;r fufia h'

;r.lrejka ksIamdÈ;h fjf<|m< fldgi

u,als mdi,a WmlrK miqïì 60%isisr mdi,a WmlrK miqïì 40%

miqïìhla i|yd jk weia;fïka;=.; wuq øjH úhoï my; mßÈ úh'

re'

lD;s%u iï i|yd 25

wfkl=;a Wmdx. i|yd 7

,dxPk ueiSug 20

52

54

miqïìj, m;frdï lemSu i|yd wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< úNd.h iu;a jir 5l jev m<mqreoao we;s ;re‚hla n|jd .ekSug ;SrKh l< w;r weh jev uQ,sl ;k;=f¾ ;eîug o ;SrKh l<d h' wehf.a udisl jegqm re' 20 000ls' ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wëlaIKh wehg mejf¾'

udisl j re' 15 000l jegqmlg wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm< úNd.h iu;a udi 06l jev m<mqreoao we;s uyk hka;% l%shdlrjkakshka fofofkl= n|jd .ekSug o wfmalaIs; h'

weKjqï ,nd .ekSu" wf,ú lghq;= yd l<ukdlrK lghq;= WÞrd úiskau lrf.k hdug woyia lrhs' tA fjkqfjka udisl j re' 25 000l udisl jegqmla ,nd .ekSug weh wfmalaId lrhs'

wfmalaIs; fiiq udisl úhoï my; mßÈ fõ' re' lïy,a úÿ,sh 2 500 ÿrl:k úhoï 1 200 m%jdyk úhoï 5 000

wuq øjH f.k tAug;a" ksIamdÈ; fnÞyeÍug;a re' 360 000la jákd ;%S frdao r:hla ñ,g .; hq;= w;r tys wfmalaIs; Ôú; ld,h jir 10ls' miqïì ueiSu i|yd tlla re' 60 000la jákd uyk ueIska 02la ñ,g .kakd w;r tAjdfha m%fhdackj;a Ôj ld,h wjqreÿ 05la hehs weia;fïka;= lrk ,È'

re' 1 000 000la jákd ;ud kug we;s f.dvke.s,a, ksIamdok ia:dkh f,i Ndú; lsÍug fhdað; h' fuu f.dvke.s,a, jd¾Islj 12% ne.ska laIh lsÍug woyia lrhs' 10% jd¾Isl fmd,shg jHjidhl;aj ixj¾Ok nexl=fjka re' 500 000l Khla ,nd .ekSug wfmalaId lrk w;r wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h wjqreÿ 05ls' m<uq j¾Ih i|yd f.úh hq;= Kh jdßlh re' 120 000ls'

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr my; i|yka úhoï ±Íug wfmalaIs; h' re' ,shdmÈxÑ .dia;=j 1 200 úÿ,sh ,nd§u i|yd 7 000 wdrïNl Èk úhoï 5 000

ffoksl jHdmdr lghq;= lrf.k hdug mj;ajd .;hq;= uqo, re' 75 000la nj ;lafiare fldg we;'

mdi,a wf,úi,a yryd ksIamdÈ; úlsŒug bÈßm;a lrk w;r miqïìhla wf,úie,a fj; ksl=;a lrk ñ, re' 170la fõ' m<uq j¾Ih ;=< YsIHdjkaf.ka 50%lg miqïì wf,ú lsÍug yels fõ hehs wfmalaIs; h'

55

jHdmdr ie,eiau

1' úOdhl idrdxYh

1'1 jHdmdrfha ku" l¾udka; lafIa;%h #-

1'2 wf,úlrK ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq #-

1'3 ksIamdok ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq #-

1'4 mßmd,k ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq #-

1'5 uq,H ie,iqfï b;du jeo.;a lreKq #-

1'6 jHdmdrfha iqúfYaISNdjh #-

1'7 jHdmdr ie,iqu ilia lr bosßm;a lsÍfï mrud¾: yd wruqKq #-

2' wf,ú ie,eiau

2'1 ksIamdÈ;h

2'2 b,lal wf,ú lKavdhu

2'3 b,lal wf,ú m%foaYh

2'4 wfmalaIs; NdKavh iïnkaO fjf<|m<

NdKavhb,lal mdßfNda.sl

ixLHdj

mßfNdack

rgdjudisl b,a¨u jd¾Isl b,a¨u

m%udKhjákdlu

re'm%udKh

jákdlu

re'

56

2'5 ;r.lrejkaf.a iemhqï úYaf,aIKh

m%Odk ;r.lrejkaimhkq ,nk NdKav

yd fiajd

o< jYfhka Tjqkg we;s

fjf<|m< fldgia

2'6 ;u b,lal fjf<|m< fldgi

NdKavh$fiajdjmj;sk fjf<|m<

fldgia m%udKh

ie,iqï.; fjf<|m<

fldgi

2'7 ;r.lrejkaf.a wf,ú Wmdhud¾.


ksIamdÈ;h - Product

ñ, - Price

ia:dkh - Place

m%j¾Okh - Promotion

57

2'8 jHdmdßlhdf.a fhdað; wf,úlrK Wmdhud¾.

wf,úlrK Y%s;h Wmdhud¾.

ksIamdÈ;h - Product

ñ, - Price

ia:dkh - Place

m%j¾Okh - Promotion

2'9 jd¾Isl úl=Kqï mqfrdal:kh

NdKavh

uilg úlsŒug

wfmalaIs;

m%udKh

tall ñ,

re'

idudkH udisl

úl=Kqï

jákdlu re'

jd¾Isl

úl=Kqï

jákdlu re'

2'10 wf,ú úhoï

whs;uhidudkH udisl úl=Kqï

úhou re'

jd¾Isl úl=Kqï úhou

re'

2'11 wf,ú ia:djr úhoï

whs;uhjákdlu

re'

jd¾Isl laIh re'

1 jir

58

03' ksIamdok ie,eiau'

3'1 ksIamdok msßjeh .Kkh lsÍu

whs;uh udisl wjYH;dj tAll ñ, re' uq¿ úhou re'

uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh

tAll msßjeh


whs;uhjákdlu

re'

jd¾Isl laIh re'

1 jir

04' mßmd,k ie,eiau

4'1 jHjidhlhka ms<sn| úia;r

jHjidhlhdf.a ku #- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

,smskh #- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iqÿiqlï #- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4'2 ixúOdk jHqyh

ixúOdk jHqyfha uQ,sl ;k;=re yd j.lSï

;k;=r ld¾hh j.lSï iqÿiqlï

59

4'3 mßmd,k úhoï

whs;uh úhou ^udisl& re' úhou ^jd¾Isl& re'


whs;uhjákdlu

re'

jd¾Isl laIh re'

1 jir

05' uQ,H ie,eiau

5'1 jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr ld¾hhka yd úhoï

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr ld¾hhka úhou re'


fhdað; wdfhdackuq¿

wdfhdack

re'

whs;slre

fhdojk

re'

nexl= Kh

re'

ia:djr j;alï

uq¿ ia:djr j;alï (A)

wdrïN lsÍug fmr úhoï

uq¿ wdrïN lsÍug fmr úhoï (B)

ldrl m%d.aOkh

uq¿ ldrl m%d.aOk wjYH;dj (C)

uq¿ wdfhdackh (A+B +C)

60

5'3 weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a m%jdy m%ldYkh

re' re'

uqo,a .,d tAï

wvq l<d - uqo,a .,d hdï

ld,Éfþoh wjidkfha uqo,a fYaIh

5'4 wfmalaIs; m%;sM, .Kkh lsÍfï f,aLkh

re' re'

úl=Kqï wdÞhu

wvq l<d - uq¿ ksIamdok msßjeh

wvq l<d - uq¿ ksIamdok fkdjk msßjeh

Y=oaO ,dNh

ms<s;=re ,shuq'

01' uQ,H ie,eiau hkq l=ulao@

02' jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug fmr ±ßh hq;= úhoï olajkak'

03' wdfhdack weia;fïka;=jl we;=<;a jk lreKq olajkak'

04' jHdmdrhlg uqo,a .,d tAfï iy .,d hdfï ud¾. ljf¾o@

05' weia;fïka;=.; uqo,a m%jdy m%ldYkhl we;=<;a jk lreKq fudkjdo@

61

mßÉfþoh 06

jHdmdr ixúOdk


6'1 jHdmdr ixúOdk ye¢kaùu

6'2 jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lsÍu

6'3 flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr

6'4 yjq,a jHdmdr

6'5 ixia:dms; iud.ï

jr,;a jHdmdr

62

6'1 jHdmdr ixúOdk ye¢kaùu

j¾;udkfha § mqoa.,hkag ;u wjYH;d iy jqjukd bgqlr §u ms‚i úúO

jHdmdr iyh fõ' fï wkqj mqoa.,hkaf.a ffoksl Ôú;fha ish¨ u ld¾hhka iu.

jHdmdr iïnkaO fõ' ffoksl ñksia wjYH;d jk wdydrmdk we÷ï me,÷ï wdÈh

muKla fkdj ish¨ u tÈfkod wjYH;d yd jqjukd imqrd .ekSu i|yd jHdmdrj,

ueÈy;aùula olakg ,efí' fuu jHdmdr úúO wdldrhg ixúOdkh ù we;' tu tla

tla ixúOdk ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsÍu fuys § wfmalaId flf¾'

ksoiqka (-

Tn Ndú; lrk fmd;am;a" mEka" mekai,a hkd§ NdKav

nexl= fiajd" rlaIK fiajd wdÈh imhk úúO wdh;k

l%shdldrlu 01

Tn ksjfia tÈfkod jqjukdjka lsysmhla olajd tajd imqrd .ekSug iyh jk

jHdmdr wdh;k kï lrkak'

wkq

wxlhjqjukdj jHdmdr wdh;kh

01'

02'

03'

04

05'

by; l%shdldrlfuys kshe¨Kq Tng ;u wjYH;d iy jqjukd imqrd.ekSu ms‚i

úúO md¾Yajhkaf.a iyh ,nd.ekSug isÿjk nj;a" fï ish,a, miqmi jHdmdr

mj;sk nj;a meyeÈ,s jkq we;' jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug yd mj;ajdf.k hdug

mqoa.,hka lKavdhï f,iska ixúOdkh úh hq;= h' fufia fmdÿ wruqKla bgqlr

.ekSu ms‚i talrdYs jQ mqoa., lKavdhula ixúOdk kï fõ' fï wkqj j¾;udkfha

§ ñksiqkaf.a wjYH;d iy jqjukd bgqlsÍu ms‚i úúO jHdmdr ixúOdk ìysù we;'

63

ñksia wjYH;d iy jqjukd imqrd,Su ms‚i iSñ; iïm;a Ndú; lrñka ,dN bmehSu"

iudc iqNidOkh fyda fjk;a lsishï wruqKla bgqlr .ekSu ms‚i NdKav yd

fiajd ksIamdokh yd fnodyeÍfï ksr; jk wdh;k -jHdmdr ixúOdk fõ'

´kEu jHdmdr ixúOdkhl fmdÿfõ olakg ,efnk ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

fmdÿ wruqKla mej;Su

iSñ; iïm;a Ndú;h

ixúOdk jHqyhla mej;Su

wd¾Ól lghq;a;l kshe,Su

mqoa., lKavdhula tAlrdYS ù isàu ^whs;slrejka" fiajlhka wdÈh&

6'2 jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lsÍu

j¾;udkfha § ñksiqkaf.a wjYH;d yd jqjukd imqrd,Su ms‚i úúO jHdmdr

ixúOdk j¾. f.dvk.df.k we;'

fufia ks¾udKh ù ;sfnk úúO iajrEmfha jHdmdr ixúOdk" úúO ks¾Kdhl wkqj

j¾. l< yels h' tAjd w;ßka nyq, j Ndú; jk my; ±lafjk m%Odk ks¾Kdhl

muKla i,ld nef,a'

ysñldr;ajh wkqj

wruqK wkqj

ysñldr;ajh wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lsÍu

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug uQ,H iïm;aa imhd we;s wdldrh mokï lr .ksñka

jHdmdrfha ysñldr;ajh úia;r flf¾' jHdmdrhg iïm;a fhdojk md¾Yaj

ysñlrejka f,i ye¢kafõ' jHdmdrhla Wmhk ,dN- fyda w,dN N=la;s ú¢kafka

jHdmdrfha ysñlrefjda h'

ysñldr;ajh mokï lr.ksñka jHdmdr ixúOdk my; ±lafjk f,i j¾. flf¾'

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdr

rdcH wxYfha jHdmdr

64

jHdmdrj,g mqoa.,fhl= fyda mqoa., lKavdhula uQ,H iïm;a fhdod we;s úg tajdfha

ysñldr;ajh fm!oa.,sl wxYh i;= fõ' túg tajd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdr fõ'

tfiau jHdmdr i|yd rch uQ,H iïm;a fhdod we;s úg § tajdfha ysñldr;ajh rch

i;= jk w;r túg tajd rdcH wxYfha jHdmdr f,i ye¢kafõ'

ysñldr;ajh wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. l< yels wdldrh my; oelafõ'

jHdmdr ixúOdk

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha

jHdmdr ixúOdk

rdcH^fmdÿ& wxYfha

jHdmdr ixúOdk

ksoiqka (--

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr

yjq,a jHdmdr

ixia:dms; iud.ï

ksoiqka (--

fomd¾;fïka;=

rdcH ixia:d

rdcH iud.ï

rEmh 6'1 ysñldß;ajh wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lsÍu

wruqK wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdkh j¾. lsÍu

jHjidhlfhda úúO wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSfï wNs,dYfhka jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k

h;s' jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hk wruqqKq wkqj tajd my; i|yka mßÈ j¾. l< yels h'

,dN wruqK lr.;a jHdmdr

,dN wruqKq lrfkd.;a jHdmdr

jHjidhlhl= jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nkafka msßjehla orñka NdKav yd

fiajd fjf<om<g bÈßm;a fldg ,dN bmehSu m%Odk wruqK lrf.k kï" tjeks

jHdmdr ,dN wruqKq lr.;a jHdmdr f,i ye¢kafõ'

ksoiqka (-

fm!oa.,sl frday,a

fm!oa.,sl nexl=

iqmsß fjf<|ie,a

weÕ¿ï ksIamdok wdh;k

65

tfiau iuyr jHdmdrj, m%Odk wruqK msßjehla ord NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu

;=<skaa ,dN bmehSu fkdj idudchSh jYfhka m%;s,dN ,nd §uhs' tjeks jHdmdr ,dN

wruqKq lr fkd.;a jHdmdr f,i ye¢kafõ'

ksoiqka (-

r;= l=rei ixúOdkh

isxy iudch

i¾fjdaoh

l%Svd ix.ï

,dN wruqKq lr.;a jHdmdr iy ,dN wruqKq lr fkd.;a jHdmdr fm!oa.,sl wxYfha

fukau rdcH wxYfha o l%shd;aul fõ' wruqK mokï lr .ksñka jHdmdr ixúOdk

j¾. lsÍu 6'2 rEmh u.ska ksrEmKh flf¾'

jHdmdr ixúOdk

,dN wruqKq lr.;a

jHdmdr ixúOdk

,dN wruqKq lrfkd.;a

jHdmdr ixúOdk

rEmh 6'2 wruqKq wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lsÍu

ls%hdldrlu 02

Tnf.a tosfkod cSú;fha jqjukdjka bgqlr .kakd wdh;k lsysmhla i|yka lr tu

wdh;k iïnkaO j f;dr;=re my; § we;s j.=jg wkqj iïmQ¾K lrkak'

wkq

wxlhwdh;kh wruqK ysñldr;ajh

01 iqmsß fjf<|i, ,dNh fm!oa.,sl

02

03

04

05

66

by; f;dr;=re wOHhkh l< Tng jHjidhlhka úiska wdrïN fldg mj;ajd f.k

hk jHdmdr úúO mokï Tiafia j¾. l< yels nj wjfndaO ù we;ehs is;uq' fuu

jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. w;=ßka ;ukag jvd;a u iqÿiq jHdmdr ixúOdkh l=ula oehs

f;dardf.k th mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd jHjidhlfhl= olaI úh hq;= h'

fuu mßÉfþofha wm idlÉPd lrkq ,nkafka ysñldr;ajh mokï lr .ksñka

mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk fm!oa.,sl wxYfha my; ±lafjk jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.

ms<sn| j mu‚'

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr

yjq,a jHdmdr

ixia:dms; iud.ï

6'3 flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr

j¾;udkfha fndfyda jHjidhlhka úiska

wdrïNfldg mj;ajdf.k hk jHdmdr

ixúOdk j¾.hla f,i flaj, iajdñ

jHdmdr y÷kd.; yels h' fïjd tal mqoa.,

jHdmdr" ;ks mqoa., jHdmdr hk kïj,ska o

ye¢kafõ' jHjidhlhkag iq¿ m%d.aOkhlska

b;d myiqfjka fïjd wdrïN l< yels

neúka f,dj iEu rglu mdfya fuu jHdmdr

ixúOdk j¾.h jHdma; ù we;s nj fmfka'

ysñldß;ajh ;ks mqoa.,fhl= i;=" whs;slre úiska u wdrïN fldg jHdmdr lghq;=

mj;ajd f.k hk jHdmdr -flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr fõ'

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

m%d.aOkh whs;slre úiska fhoùu

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug wjYH jk úúO iïm;a ,nd .ekSu i|yd uQ,sl

m%d.aOkhla wjYH fõ' tu m%d.aOkh whs;slre úiska u iemhsu flaj, iajdñ

jHdmdrhl ,laIKhls' ;ud b;sß lr.;a uqo,lska" kEoE ys;ñ;=rkaf.ka imhd.;a

uqo,lska" ;u j;alula úl=Kd fyda wemhg ;nd ,nd.;a Kh uqo,lska fyda uQ,H

wdh;khlska ,nd.;a Kh uqo,lska jeks úúO ud¾.j,ska jHdmdrhg m%d.aOkh

imhd .; yels h'

rEmh 6'3

67

ysñldr;ajh ;ks mqoa.,fhl= i;= ùu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj,g wjYH m%d.aOkh imhkafka ;ks mqoa.,fhl= neúka

tajdfha ysñldr;ajh o m%d.aOkh iemhQ tu mqoa.,hdgu ysñ fõ'

,dN fyda mdvq ;ks j N=la;s ú£u

jHdmdrh úiska Wmhk ,dNh jHdmdrfha whs;slre i;= fõ' tfiau jHdmdrhg

w,dNhla we;s jqjfyd;a th o whs;slreg ;ks j ú| ord .ekSug isÿfõ'

wLKav meje;aula fkdue;s ùu

whs;slref.a urKh" isysúl,aùu fyda fjk hï wl¾uKH;djl § tu jHdmdrfha

meje;au wjika úh yels h'

whs;slref.a j.lSu wiSñ; ùu

j.lSu hkqfjka idudkHfhka woyia jkafka jHdmdrh i|yd ndysr md¾Yajhkaf.ka

,nd.;a Kh mshùu i|yd we;s ne£uhs' fujeks jHdmdrj, whs;slref.a j.lSu

wiSñ; fõ' tkï jHdmdßlhd i;= fm!oa.,sl foam, mjd jHdmdrfha j.lSï mshùug

lem lsÍug isÿúh yels njhs'

,shdmÈxÑh wksjd¾h fkdùu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdfõ' tfia jqj o ;u jHdmdrh

,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu b;d m%fhdackj;a fõ' tfia ,shdmÈxÑ lrkafka kï th jHdmdr

kdu ,shdmÈxÑh fõ' fuys § ,shdmÈxÑ lrkqfha jHdmdrfha ku fõ' jHdmdr kduh

,shdmÈxÑh isÿ flfrkafka 1918 wxl 06 ork jHdmdr kdu wd× mk; wkqj wÞ<

m<d;a iNdfõ jHdmdrh mj;sk n, m%foaYfha m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fhks'

ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla fkdue;s ùu

fujeks jHdmdrj,g jHdmdrfha kñka kS;suh lghq;=j, fhÈh fkdyels nj ñka

woyia flf¾' tfia lsÍug wjYH kï jHdmdßlhdf.a fm!oa.,sl kñka tajd isÿ

l< hq;= fõ'

ksoiqka (-

kvq mejÍu" nexl= Kh .ekSu" r: jdyk ñ, § .ekSu jeks lghq;=

jHdmdr kdufhka fkdj whs;slref.a kñka l< hq;= h'

68

whs;slref.a wNsu;h mßÈ jHdmdrh fufyhúh yels ùu

ksoiqka (-

fiajlhka n|jd .ekSu yd bj;a lsÍu

jHdmdr lghq;= mq¿,a lsÍu

NdKavj, ñ, ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu myiq jqj o" ta i|yd jHjidhlfhl= úiska

m%dfhda.sl j wkq.ukh l< hq;= mshjr lsysmhls' tajd my; i|yka mßÈ fõ'

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug n,dfmdfr;a;= jk n, m%foaYfha m%dfoaYsh f,alï

ld¾hd,fhka my; ±lafjk b,a¨ï m;% ,nd .ekSu

1' ;ks mqoa., jHdmdr kduhla ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd jQ b,a¨ï m;%h

2' jHdmr kdu ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd jQ .%du ks,Odß jd¾;djg wod< b,a¨ïm;%h

.%du ks,Odß iy;sl l< jd¾;dj yd iïmQ¾K lrk ,o wdlD;s m;%h ,shdmosxÑ

lsÍug wod< .dia;=j iu. m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj; Ndr§u

by; ,shlshú,s yd .dia;= f.ùfuka miq j tajd ms<sn| m%dfoaYSh f,alï úiska

lreKq fidhd n,d ms<s.kafka kï jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lr jHdmdr kduh ,shdmÈxÑ

lsÍfï iy;slh ksl=;a flf¾'

ls%hdldrlu 03

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug wÞ< wdlD;s m;% imhd .kak'

01' tu wdlD;s m;%j, úuid we;s lreKq ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

02' Tfí hy¿jka iu. idlÉPd lr tu f,aLk iïmQ¾K lsÍug wjYH

f;dr;=re f.dkq lrkak'

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, jdis

iq¿ m%d.aOkhlska jqjo wdrïN l< yels ùu

mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a iyh ,nd.; yels ùu

jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍfï myiqj

69

jHdmdßlhdf.a Wkkaÿj yd lemùu u; jHdmdrh ÈhqKq lr.; yels ùu

iajdëk j ;SrK .; yels ùu

ish¨u ,dN whs;slre i;=ùu

jHdmdßl f;dr;=rej, ryiHNdjh wdrlaId ùu

n,mdk kS;sÍ;s w,am ùu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrj, iSud

m%d.aOk iïmdok ud¾. iSud ùu

jHdmdrhg ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ fkdùu

whs;slref.a j.lSu wiSñ; ùu

jHdmdrhg wLKav mej;aula fkdue;s ùu

jHdmdr w,dN whs;slreg ;ks j oeÍug isÿùu

whs;slre ;ks j .kq ,nk jHdmdßl ;SrK we;eï úg wid¾:l ùu

ls%hdldrlu 04

iuka úiska ;ud b;sßlr.;a iq¿ uqo,lska fjf<| jHdmdrhla wdrïN lf<a h' tu wdrïNl

lghq;= i|yd Tyqg jeä fjfyila yd ld,hla ±Íug isÿ fkdùu ms<sn| j Tyq i;=gq úh' Tyq

jHdmdrhg lemùfuka jev lf<a h'

úúO ÿIalr;d u;= jqj o Tyq tAjdg laI‚l úi÷ï ,nd foñka tu .eg¨ ;u w;a±lSï njg

mßj¾;kh lr .ksñka jHdmdr lghq;= mj;ajdf.k .sfha h' tla úgl § fiajlfhl= f.ka isÿ

jQ w;a je/oaola ksid Tyqg úreoaO j .kqfokqlrefjl= kvq mjrkq ,enQ neúka iukag Widúfha

fmkS isàug o isÿ úh' flfia jqj o ;udf.a ie,iqï wkqj l%shd;aul fjñka jHdmdrh ,dNÞhS j

mj;ajdf.k hdug Tyqg yels úh'

;u jHdmdrh ;j ÿrg;a ÈhqKq lr .ekSug iukag wjYH;djla u;= jqj o tA i|yd wu;r m%d.aOkh

imhd .ekSu ÿIalr nj Tyqg wjfndaO úh' fuys § ;j ÿrg;a nexl= Kh ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj

;snqK o tAjd fíreï lsÍfï wjÞku fya;= fldg f.k Tyq tA i|yd Wkkaÿ fkdúh'

;u jHdmdrfha jev lghq;= wêl neúka iuka frda.d;=r ;;a;ajhg m;a jqj o jHdmdr lghq;=

yels muK id¾:l j lsÍug Tyq ks;r u fjfyi .;af;a h'

01' by; ±lajQ jHdmdrh l=uk jHdmdr ixúOdkhlg wh;a o@ Tfí ms<s;=rg

fya;= olajkak'

02' tu jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.fha jdis yd iSud olajkak'

70

6'4 yjq,a jHdmdr

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.hla f,i yjq,a jHdmdrj,g o wd¾Ólh

;=< jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ j we;' jHjidhlhka ;ks- ;ks j jHdmdßl lghq;=j,

ksr;ùug jvd iduqysl j l%shdl< yels ùu yjq,a jHdmdr ìys ùug fya;= ù we;s

nj fmfka' tfukau jeä m%d.aOkhla /ialr .ekSu" ksjerÈ l<ukdlrK ;SrK

.ekSu" úúO l=i,;d we;s md¾Yaj jHdmdrhg iïnkaO lr .ekSu jeks wjYH;d

uq,a lrf.k yjq,a jHdmdr ìys ù we;s nj lsj yels h' .KldêldÍ" kS;S{" nÿ"

ffjoH jeks jD;a;Suh lafIa;%j, fhfok md¾Yaj o ksIamdok yd fjf<| lghq;=j,

fhfok md¾Yaj o yjq,a jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hkq oelsh yels h'

Y%S ,xldfõ mj;ajd f.k hk yjq,a

jHdmdr iïnkaOfhka 1890 yjq,a

jHdmdr w{d mk; n,meje;afõ'

tu mk;g wkqj yjq,a jHdmdr my;

±lafjk mßÈ ks¾jpkh lr we;'

,dN ,eîfï wruq‚ka mqoa.,hka

fofofkl= fyda Bg jeä msßilf.a

iïnkaO;dj yjq,a jHdmdr fõ'

yjq,a jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK

yjq,a jHdmdrj, oelsh yels iqúfYaIs jQ ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

yjq,alrejka ixLHdj

yjq,a jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd isáh hq;= wju yjq,alrejka ixLHdj fofofkl=

úh hq;= w;r Wmßu yjq,alrejka ixLHdj úisfofkl=g iSud lr we;'

yjq,alrejka w;r .súiqï.; iïnkaO;djla mej;Su

yjq,alrejka w;r we;s lr.;a tlÕ;d u; yjq,a jHdmdrhla wdrïN fõ' tu

tlÕ;dj ,sÅ; j" jdÑl j fyda jHx.fhka we;s úh yels h' fufia yjq,a jHdmdrfha

l%shdldß;ajh wdY%s; j yjq,alrejka w;r we;slr.;a tlÕ;dj yjq,a .súiqu f,i

ye¢kafõ'


yjq,a .súiqu fjkia ùu" yjq,alrefjl=f.a urKh" Wu;=ùu" nqkaj;a ùu jeks fya;=

u.ska yjq,a jHdmdrfha meje;aug ndOd we;súh yels nj ñka úia;r flf¾'

rEmh 6'4

71

yjq,alrejkaf.a j.lSï wiSñ; ùu

yjq,a jHdmdrfha l%shdldß;ajh ;=<ska we;sjk j.lSï i|yd yjq,alrejka iSudjlska

f;dr j j.lSfuka nef|k nj ñka meyeÈ,s flf¾' yjq,a jHdmdrfha j.lSï

mshùfï § tys j;alï m%udKj;a fkdfõ kï yjq,alrejkaf.a fm!oa.,sl foam< mjd

iSudjlska f;dr j fhdojñka jHdmdrfha Kh mshùug yjq,alrejkag fuys § isÿfõ'

ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla fkdue;sùu

yjq,a jHdmdrhla kS;sh bÈßfha mqoa.,fhl= f,i fkdi,lk neúka yjq,a jHdmdrfha

kñka kS;suh lghq;=j,g t<öug fkdyels fõ' tu ksid yjq,a jHdmdrh wdY%s;

kS;suh lghq;=j, § yjq,a jHdmdrfha kñka fkdj ta ta yjq,alrejkaf.a fm!oa.,sl

kduhkaf.ka lghq;= lsÍu isÿfõ'

yjq,a jHdmdrh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdùu

yjq,a jHdmdr ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdfõ' tfy;a yjq,a jHdmdr ,shdmÈxÑ

lsÍfuka fndfyda m%fhdack w;a lr .; yels h' fuys § ,shdmÈxÑ lrkq ,nkafka

jHdmdrfha kduhhs' ,shdmoxÑ lsÍu 1918 wxl 06 ork jHdmdr kdu wd× mk; wkqj

wÞ< m<d;a iNdfõ jHdmdrh msysá n, m%foaYh wh;a m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h

u.ska isÿ lr .; yels h'

iEu yjq,alrefjl=u fiiq yjq,alrejkaf.a ksfhdað;fhl= ùu

yjq,a jHdmdrfha lghq;=j, § ta ta yjq,alrejd úiska isÿlrkq ,nk ld¾hhka

iïnkaOfhka wfkla yjq,alrejka o j.lSug nef|a' tu ksid iEu yjq,alrefjl=u

wka yjq,alrejkaf.a ksfhdað;fhl= f,i ie,fla'

yjq,a jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu

flaj, iajdñ jHdmdr wdrïN l< whqßka u

yjq,a jHdmdr o wdrïN l< yels h' tfy;a

yjq,a jHdmdrhl yjq,alrejka Wmßu

jYfhka úisfofkl= isáh yels neúka

wdrïN fldg mj;ajd f.k hdfï § úúO

m%dfhda.sl .eg¨j,g uqyqK§ug isÿúh

yels h' yjq,a .súiqula jdÑl j fyda

jHx.fhka fyda ,sÅ; hk wdldrj,ska

we;s lr .; yels jqjo ,sÅ; .súiqula u;

yjq,a jHdmdrh wdrïN fldg mj;ajdf.k

hdu jvd;a fhda.H fõ'

fufia we;s lr .kakd .súiqï.; ,sÅ; tlÕ;dj yjq,a Tmamqj f,i ye¢kafõ'

rEmh 6'5

72

yjq,a jHdmdr wdY%s; j we;s lr.kq ,nk .súiqï.; tlÕ;dj ,sÅ; j isÿ lsÍu

jeo.;a jkqfha m%dfhda.sl j yjq,a jHdmdrfha we;súh yels .eg¨j,ska f;dr j th

mj;ajdf.k hdu ms‚i fõ'

yjq,a .súiqul we;=<;a úh yels tlÕ;d lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

yjq,alrejka m%d.aOkh imhk wdldrh

yjq,alrejka ,dN mdvq fnod .kakd wdldrh

yjq,alrejka jHdmdrfha lghq;=j,g Þhl jk wdldrh

yjq,alrejkaf.a jegqma ,nd .ekSu

yjq,alrejkaf.a hq;=lï yd whs;sjdislï

yjq,a jHdmdrfha lghq;= wjika lsÍu iïnkaO f;dr;=re

m%d.aOkhg wu;r j yjq,alrejka imhkq ,nk Kh i|yd fmd,S f.ùu

yjq,a jHdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdu iïnkaOfhka fjk;a fmdÿ tlÕ;d

yjq,a jHdmdrj, jdis

myiqfjka wdrïN l< yels ùu

jeä m%d.aOkhla /ialr.; yels ùu

iduqysl ;SrK .; yels ùu

yjq,a jHdmdrfha j.lSï yjq,alrejka w;r fn§ hdu

yjq,alrejka i;= úúO l=i,;d m%fhdackhg fhdod.; yels ùu

yjq,a jHdmrj, iSud

j.lSu wiSñ; ùu

ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla fkdue;s ùu

yjq,alrejka w;r u; .egqï we;súh yels ùu

jHdmdrfha ,dNh yjq,alrejka w;r fn§ hdu


hï yjq,alrefjl= úiska isÿlrk jerÈ l%shdjl m%;sM, wfkl=;a yjq,alrejkag

n,mEu

73

ls%hdldrlu 05

wu,a mshr;ak iy lu,a chr;ak tla j wdrïN l< ksñ we÷ï wf,ú lsÍfï yjq,a jHdmdrh r;ak fv%ia

kñka ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍug tlÕ jQy' yjq,a jHdmdrh i|yd fofokdu remsh,a 50 000la- ne.ska

m%d.aOkh fh§ug;a" jHdmdrfha ,dN-mdvq fofokd w;r iu iu j fnod .ekSug;a tlÕ

úh' lu,a fjk;a jD;a;shl kshe,Su ksid Tyq jHdmdr lghq;=j,g iïnkaO fkdùug ;SrKh l<

w;r udisl j remsh,a 20 000l fõ;khlg wu,a jHdmdrfha wf,ú lghq;=j,g iïnkaO úh hq;=

njg tlÕ jk ,È' ;jo" m%d.aOkhg wu;r j yjq,alrejka jHdmdrhg fhdojk w;sf¾l wruqo,a

i|yd 10% jd¾Isl fmd,shla f.ùug o ;SrKh lrk ,È' tfia u kj yjq,alrefjl= jHdmdrhg

n|jd .kafka kï Tjqka fofokdf.au leue;a; u; th isÿúh hq;= njg ;SrKh úh'

by; f;dr;=re weiqfrka r;ak fv%ia yjq,a jHdmdrhg wÞ< j yjq,a Tmamqjla ms<sfh,

lrkak'

6'5 ixia:dms; iud.ï

fm!oa.,sl wxYh ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk m%n, jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.hla f,i

ixia:dms; iud.ï y÷kd .efka' ixia:dms; iud.ï wdrïN lsÍu iïnkaOfhka

Y%S ,xldfõ 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; n, meje;afõ'

Y%S ,xldfõ iud.ï mk;g wkqj tla mqoa.,fhl=g jqjo ixia:dms; iud.ula wdrïN

l< yels neúka fndfyda jHjidhlhka fïjd wdrïN lsÍug Wkkaÿjla olajk nj

fmfka' tfiau ixia:dms; iud.ï i|yd ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ ùu o ckm%sh

ùug fya;= ù we;'

ixia:dms; iud.ï my; i|yka mßÈ ir, j w¾: ±laúh yels h'

2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,o ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla

yd wLKav meje;au;a we;s jHdmdr ixúOdkh -ixia:dms; iud.ï fõ'

74

ixia:dms; iud.ïj, uQ,sl ,laIK

ixia:dms; iud.ïj, fmdÿfõ oelsh yels uQ,sl ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

iud.ï mk; hgf;a ixia:dmkh lrk ,o wdh;khla ùu

iEu iud.ula u 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ixia:dmkh l< hq;=

h' th isÿ lrkafka iud.ï frðiag%d¾ fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd

úisks'

fldgialrejka u.ska m%d.aOkh /ialr .ekSu

ixia:dms; iud.ulg wjYH m%d.aOkh /ialr .kq ,nkafka fldgia m%d.aOkh

;=<sks'

fldgialrejkaf.a j.lSu iSudiys; ùu

ixia:dms; iud.ul Kh yd fjk;a ne£ï iïnkaOfhka fldgialrejkaf.a j.lSu

iSñ; fõ' iud.fuka ñ,§ .;a fldgiaj, jákdlug muKla fldgialrejkaf.a

j.lSu iSudjk nj ñka woyia flf¾'

iud.fï l<ukdlrK lghq;= wOHËjre u.ska isÿ lsÍu

iud.ul l<ukdlrK lghq;= isÿ lrkq ,nkafka iud.fï fldgialrejka jk

whs;slrejka úiska f;dardm;a lr .kakd wOHËjre úisks'

wLKav meje;aula ysñùu

ixia:dms; iud.ula tys fldgialrejkaf.ka fjka jQ iajdëk tallhls' tneúka

iud.fï fldgialrefjl=f.a ñh hdu" nqkaj;a ùu" mQ¾K fyda w¾O wl¾uKH;dj

jeks fya;= iud.fï meje;aug ndOdjla fkdfõ'

ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ ùu

2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a iud.ï ixia:dmkh flf¾' tneúka

ixia:dms; iud.ula kS;sh bÈßfha mqoa.,fhl= f,i ie,fla' tuksid .súiqïj,g

t<öu" j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSu" uQ,H wdh;kj,ska Kh uqo,a iïmdokh lr.ekSu

jeks ld¾hhkays § iud.fï kñka tajd l%shd;aul l< yels h'

75

2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk;g wkqj wdrïN l< yels iud.ï j¾. 6'6 igyk

u.ska ksrEmkh flf¾'

rEmh 6'6 iud.ï mk; wkqj werôh yels iud.ï j¾.

ixia:dms; iud.ï

wemfhka iSñ;

iud.ï

iSud iys;

iud.ï

iSud rys;

iud.ï

iSud iys;

fm!oa.,sl iud.ï

iSud iys; fmdÿ

iud.ï

iSud iys;

wlafjr< iud.ï

iud.ï mk;g wkqj úúO j¾.fha iud.ï wdrïN l< yels h' fuys § wm

idlÉPd lrkq ,nkafka iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï ms<sn| j mu‚' fndfyda

iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHdmdßlhka úiska iajlSh jHdmdr i|yd fuu j¾.fha

iud.ïj,g jeä leue;a;la olajkq ,efí'

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï

Y%S ,xldfõ jHjidhlhka w;r j¾;udkfha § ckm%sh ù ;sfnk jHdmdr ixúOdk

j¾.hla f,i iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï y÷kd.; yels h' tla mqoa.,fhl=g

jqjo wdrïN l< yels ùu" ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñùu" mjqf,a idudðlhka

ys;ñ;=rka jeks md¾Yaj iïnkaO lr .ksñka jHdmdrh wdrïN l< yels ùu jeks

lreKq fuu miqìu ks¾udKh ùug fya;= ù we;s nj fmfka'

2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; u.ska o iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï ms<sn| w¾:

ksrEmKhla bÈßm;a fldg we;s w;r th ir, j fufia oelaúh yels h'

iud.ula úiska ksl=;a lrk fldgia ñ, § .kakd f,i fmdÿ uyck;djg wdrdOkd

l< fkdyels" idudðl ixLHdj 50 lg iSudjk" j.lSu fh¥ m%d.aOkhg muKla

iSud jk iud.ï -iSudiys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï fõ'

76

ls%hdldrlu 06

my; i|yka tla tla lafIa;%hkays Y%S ,xldj ;=< ls%hd;aul jk iSñ; fm!oa.,sl

iud.ï i|yd ksoiqkla ne.ska bÈßm;a lrkak'

wkq

wxlhlafIa;%h fm!oa.,sl iud.ï

01' ixpdrl

02' wOHdmk

03' fjf<|

04' ksIamdok

05' lDIsl¾u

06' bÈlsÍï

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ï wdrïN lsÍu

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ula wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd 2007 wxl 07

ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ l< hq;= h' tA i|yd iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd

fj; ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd my; ±lafjk ,shú,s 04 wÞ< whÿï m;%h iu. bÈßm;a

l< hq;= fõ'

01' iud.fï ku ms<sn| m%ldYh

iSud iys; iud.ulg kduhla f;dard .ekSfï§ wkq.ukh l< hq;= úêúOdk 2007

wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a fmkajd § we;'

ksoiqka (-

±kg Ndú; lrk kula fyda Bg wdikak wkqrEm kula fyda iud.fï

kduh f,i Ndú; fkdl< hq;= nj

Y%S ,xld" rdcH" ckdêm;s jeks jpk lKav iud.fï kduh i|yd

Ndú; fkdl< hq;= nj

02' idx.ñl jHjia:dj,sh

iSud iys; iud.ul idudkH mßmd,kh yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re we;=<;a m%ldYh

idx.ñl jHjia:dj,sh fõ' 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk;g wkqj idx.ñl

jHjia:dj,sfha my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re we;=<;a fõ'

77

iud.fï mrud¾:

iud.fï fldgia ysñhkaf.a ne£ï yd whs;sjdislï

iud.fï l<ukdlrKh yd mßmd,kh iïnkaO f;dr;=re

03' iud.fï wOHlaIjre f,i lghq;= lsÍug tA tA wOHlaIjrhdf.a leue;a;

ms<sno m%ldYkh

04' iud.fï f,alïjrhd f,i lghq;= lsÍug tu f,alïjrhdf.a leue;a; ms<sn|

m%ldYkh

fuu bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ,shú,s ms<sn| j iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd iEySug m;ajkafka

kï iud.u 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lrkq ,efí' ,shdmÈxÑ

lsÍfuka miq iud.ï frðiag%d¾jrhd úiska ixia:dmk iy;slh ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ul ,laIK

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, fmdÿfõ oelsh yels m%Odk ,laIK lsysmhla my;

oelafõ'

iud.fï fldgia ñ,g .ekSug fmdÿ uyck;djg wdrdOkd l< fkdyels ùu

iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, fldgia ñ,§ .ekSu mjqf,a iduðlhka iy ys;ñ;=rka

jeks md¾Yaj w;r muKla isÿ flf¾' fuu iud.ïj, fldgia ñ,g .kakd f,i

fmdÿ uyck;djg wdrdOkd l< fkdyels h'

wju idudðl ixLHdj 01 jk w;r Wmßu ixLHdj 50la ùu

2007 iud.ï mk;g wkqj tla mqoa.,fhl=g jqjo iud.ula wdrïN l< yels neúka

iSud iys; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, wju fldgialrejka ixLHdj 01ls' tfiau fujeks

iud.ïj, Wmßu fldgialrejka ixLHdj iud.ï mk; u.ska 50 lg iSud fldg we;'

wOHlaI uKav,hla u.ska l<ukdlrKh lsÍu

iSñ; iud.ïj, l<ukdlrK lghq;= wOHlaI uKav,hla u.ska isÿ flf¾' fï

i|yd iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ul wju jYfhka tla wOHlaIjrfhlaj;a isáh hq;=

nj iud.ï mkf;ys ±lafõ' tfia jqj o isáh hq;= Wmßu wOHlaIjreka ixLHdj

ms<sn| j i|yka fldg ke;'


78

wLKav meje;aula ;sîu

.sKqï ;eîu yd ú.Kkh wksjd¾h ùu

j.lSu iSud iys; ùu

iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, jdis

tla mqoa.,fhl=g jqj o wdrïN l< yels ùu

mjqf,a idudðlhka" kEoE ys; ñ;=rka iïnkaO lr .ksñka iud.u wdrïN

l< yels ùu

úêu;a njla yd by< ms<s.ekSula mej;Su

j.lSu iSñ; ùu


wLKav meje;aula ;sîu

iSñ; fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, iSud

mjqf,a idudðlhka" kEoE ys; ñ;=rka jeks md¾Yajj,g fldgia ksl=;a

lrk neúka jeä m%d.aOkhla /ialr .ekSug wmyiq ùu'

wksjd¾hfhka ms<smeÈh hq;= kS;s Í;s yd l%shd mámdá mej;Su

iud.fï Wmßu fldgialrejka .Kk 50 iSud lsÍu fya;=fjka jeä msßilg

iïnkaO ùug we;s wjia:d iSud ùu

jr,;a jHdmdr

YS>%fhka fjkiajk jHdmdr mßir ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK §u i|yd we;s jQ jHdmdr

ixl,amhla f,i jr,;a jHdmdr y÷kd.; yels h' uyd mßudK jHdmdr iu.

iïnkaO ù jHjidhlhdg ;u jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug

fuu.ska wjia:dj ,efí' fuu jHdmdr ;ks mqoa.," yjq,a jHdmdr fyda ixia:dms;

iud.ï hk ixúOdk j¾. hgf;a l%shd;aul úh yels h'

79

lsishï NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla imhk jHdmdr wdh;khla" ish fjf<| kduh

hgf;a tu NdKavh fyda fiajdj ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaYhl wf,ú lsÍug ;j;a

jHdmdr wdh;khlg n,h mejÍug fhdod.kakd jHdmdr jr,;a jHdmdr fõ'

jr,;a jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu

j¾;udkfha§ jr,;a jHdmdr úúO iajrEmfhka wdrïN fldg l%shd;aul flf¾'

tfia jqj;a iEu jr,;a jHdmdrhlu uQ,sl ieliqu my; ±lafõ'

rEmh 6'7 jr,;a jHdmdrhl uQ,sl ieliqu

jr,;a

ysñhd

jr,;a

,dNshd

jr,;a

.súiqu

jr,;a

jHdmdrh

jr,;a jHdmdr yd iïnkaO m%Odk md¾Yaj folls'

jr,;aysñhd$jr,;alre

iajlSh ksIamdÈ; ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaYhl ;udf.a fjf<| kduh

Ndú; lrñka wf,ú lsÍug wjirh ,ndfok md¾Yajh fõ' Tyqf.a

mrud¾: jkafka iajlSh fjf<|m< m%d.aOkh wdfhdackhlska f;dr j

mq¿,a lr .ekSu yd wdÞhï bmehSu jeks lreKq fõ'

jr,;a,dNshd

jr,;aysñhdf.a ikakï kduh Ndú; lrñka ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaYhl

NdKav fyda fiajd wf,ú lsÍug wjirh ,nd.kakd md¾Yajh fõ'

fujeks jHdmdr iïnkaO;djla we;s lr .ekSu i|yd jr,;aysñhd iy jr,;a,dNshd

hk fomd¾Yajh w;r .súiqï.; iïnkaO;djhla f.dvk.d .; hq;= h' th jr,;a

.súiqu kï fõ' jr,;a jHdmdrh wdrïN fldg mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn| j fmdÿ

tlÕ;d jr,;a .súiqug we;=<;a lrhs'

80

tjeks fmdÿ tlÕ;d i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

ksoiqka (-

jr,;a,dNshdg jr,;aysñhd úiska imhk fiajd

wf,úhg wjir ,nd § ;sfnk NdKav j¾.

jr,;a,dNshd úiska jr,;aysñhdg lrk f.ùfï jákdlu

fufia jr,;aysñhd iy jr,;a,dNshd úiska we;s lr.;a jr,;a .súiqfï m%;sM,h

f,i jr,;a jHdmdrh werfò' fuys § jr,;aysñhd úiska ;u fjf<| kduh hgf;a

NdKav yd fiajd úlsŒug jr,;a,dNshdg ,ndfok wjirh u; .dia;= wh flf¾'

tfia whlrk .dia;=j mqrialdrh f,i ye¢kafõ'

jr,;a jHdmdrj, uQ,sl ,laIK

jr,;a jHdmdrj, my; ±lafjk uQ,sl ,laIK ksrEmKh fõ'

jr,;aysñhd yd jr,;a,dNshd f,i fomd¾Yajhla iïnkaO ùu

ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaYhl ;u fjf<|kduh hgf;a NdKAv yd fiajd wf,ú

lsÍug wjirh ,ndfokafka jr,;aysñhd h' tu wjirh u; wod< fjf<|kduh

hgf;a ksYaÑ; fjf<|m< m%foaY ;=< NdKav yd fiajd wf,ú lrkq ,nkafka

jr,;a,dNshd úisks' fufia jr,;a jHdmdr wdY%s; j jr,;aysñhd yd jr,;a,dNshd

f,i fomd¾Yajhla iïnkaO fõ'

jr,;aysñhd yd jr,;a,dNshd w;r .súiqï.; iïnkaO;djla mej;Su

jr,;a jHdmdr wdrïNjkqfha jr,;aysñhd iy jr,;a,dNshd w;r we;slr.;a

tlÕ;djla u; h' fufia we;slr.;a ,sÅ; tlÕ;dj jr,;a .súiqu f,i ye¢kafõ'

jr,;a,dNshd úiska jr,;aysñhdg f.ùula lsÍu

jr,;aysñhd úiska ;ukaf.a fjf<|kduh hgf;a NdKAv yd fiajd wf,ú lsÍug

jr,;a,dNshdg wjirh ,ndfokafka lsishï .dia;=jla u; fõ' fï ms<sn| f;dr;=re

jr,;a .súiqfï we;=<;a úh hq;= h'

jr,;a jHdmdrj, jdis

jr,;a jHdmdrj, l%shdldß;ajh ;=<ska jr,;aysñhdg;a" jr,;a,dNshdg;a fmdÿfõ

w;am;a lr.; yels jdis lsysmhls'

81

jr,;aysñhdg w;am;a lr.; yels jdis

jr,;aysñhdg Tyqf.au wdfhdackhlska f;drj fjk;a fjf<|m< ;=<

jHdmdr lghq;= mq¿,a lr .eksug wjia:dj Wod ùu

úYd, fiajl uKav,hla mj;ajd .ekSfuka ±Íug isÿ jk mSvkh wju lr

.ksñka uyd mßudK jdis N=la;s ú£ug yels ùu

jr,;aysñhdg wdÞhula ,eîu

jr,;a,dNshdg w;am;a lr.; yels jdis

jr,;aysñhdf.a lS¾;skdufhka ,dNhla bmehSug jr,;a,dNshdg wjia:dj

Wodùu

jr,;aysñhdf.a lS¾;skduh u; jr,;a,dNshdg ckm%sh fjf<|m<lg

myiqfjka m%fõY úh yels ùu

jr,;aysñhdf.a l<ukdlrK mqyqKqj jr,;a,dNshdg ysñùu

jr,;a jHdmdrj, iSud

jr,;aysñhdg

jr,;a,dN shdf. a wid¾:l fjf<| lghq; = ; =< sk a jr,;ay sñhdf. a

lS¾;skduhg ydks isÿúh yels h

jr,;a jHdmdr lghq;= lsÍfï§ we;sjk ffk;sl ne£ï yd iSudjkag hg;a

ùug isÿ ùu

jr,;a,dNshdg

jr,;a jHdmdr l%uh ,nd.ekSug jr,;a,dNshdg ffk;sl .dia;=" nexl=

.dia;=" ia:dms; lsÍfï úhoï jeks msßjeh oeÍug isÿùu

jr,;aysñhdf.a md,khla we;s ksid jr,;a,dNshdg mQ¾K iajdëk;ajfhka

hq;= j lghq;= l< fkdyels ùu

jr,;aysñhdg by< mqrialdrhla yd .dia;= f.ùug isÿ úh yels ùu

82

ls%hdldrlu 07

úúO jHdmdr ixúOdkj, ,laIK wvx.= m%ldY lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

01' ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g ysñ" wLKav meje;aula yd ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla ysñ jHdmdr

02' mqoa.,hka lsysmfofkl= tl;= ù m%d.aOkh fhdod mj;ajdf.k hk j.lSï

wiSñ; jHdmdr

03' ;ks mqoa.,fhl= úiska mj;ajdf.k hk j.lSï wisñ; iy ffk;sl mqoa.,Ndjhla

fkdue;s jHdmdr

by; m%ldY fyd¢ka lshjd my; ±lafjk m%YAkj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

01' ta ta m%ldYfhka úia;r lrk jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.h olajkak'

02' tla tla jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.h i|yd jHdmdr kduhla ne.ska fhdackd

lrkak'

03' ta ta jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾.hg wod< jk wK mk;a kï lrkak'

ls%hdldrlu 08

YS% ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jk jr,;a jHdmdr kï lrkak'

ms<s;=re ,shuq'

01' jHdmdr ixúOdkj, fmdÿfõ olakg ,efnk ,laIK fudkjdo@

02' flaj, iajdñ jHdmdrhl ±lsh yels uQ,sl ,laIK fudkjdo@

03' yjq,a .súiqul we;=<;a úh yels lreKq olajkak'

04' ysñldr;ajh wkqj jHdmdr ixúOdk j¾. lrkak'

05' jr,;a .súiqulg iïnkaO úh yels md¾Yaj kï lrkak'

83

mßÉfþoh 07

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh


7'1 ixialD;sh hkak ye¢kaùu

7'2 jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh ye¢kaùu

7'3 jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ks¾udKh ùfï wjYH;dj

7'4 jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìys ùu i|yd ys;lr iudchSh

yd wd¾Ól idOl

7'5 jHjidhl;ajhg tfrys jk iudchSh idOl

7'6 jHjidhl;ajh ;=< ldka;djf.a N+ñldj

7'7 jHdmdr wdpdrO¾u yd iudc j.lSu

7'8 jHjidhlhka i|yd mj;sk Èß.ekaùï

84

7'1 ixialD;sh hkak ye¢kaùu

udkj YsIagdpdrh wdrïNfha isg u ñksid ;udf.a wjYH;d yd jqjukd bgqlr

.ekSfï § iudcfha úúO md¾Yajhka iu. fukau úúO ixialD;ska iu. ne£

lghq;= lrkq olakg ,efí' ixialD;shl we;s jákdlï iuQyh u.ska mqoa.,hka

yev.eiaùula isÿ fõ' ixialD;shla hkq iudchl Ôj;ajk mqoa., iuQyhla w;r

mj;skakd jQ Tjqkagu wdfõ‚l úYajdi" jákdlï" wdl,am" yeisÍï rgd" úúO

woyia" weoySï" isß;a úß;a" iïu; wdÈh f,i ir, j ú.%y l< yels h' fuu

ixialD;sl wx.hkaf.a ,laIK wkqj tu mqoa., iuQyfha p¾hdj ;SrKh fõ'

ksoiqka (-

Y% S ,dxlsl ck iudcfha isxy," oñ<" uqia,sï" n¾.¾ jeks ck

fldÜGdi Ôj;a jk w;r tu iudc lKavdhïj, Tjqkag u wdfõ‚l

jQ úúO w.hka" úYajdi" wdl,am fukau úúO p¾hdjka ;sîu

7'2 jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh ye¢kaùu

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh hkq jHjidhlhkagu wdfõ‚l jQ úfYaIs; .;s mej;=ï"

wdl,am" úYajdi" woyia" yeisÍï rgd" pdß;% jdß;%" iïu; hkd§ wx.j, tl;=jls'

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ;=< fjfik mqoa.,hl= jHjidhl;aj .;s,laIKj,g

ysñlï lshk mqoa.,hl= njg m;a fõ' tkï tu mqoa.,hd ks¾udKYS,S j wjÞkï

Ndr.kakd yd kfjda;amdokfha fhfok iqNjd§ j is;k mqoa.,fhls' tfiau

tjeks mqoa.,hka j¾;udkfha mj;akd oE iïnkaOfhka w;Dma;su;a j mj;akd

;;a;ajh fjkia lsÍug W;aiy orkafkda fj;s' tfiau Tjqyq mßirhg ixfõ§

mqoa.,hka jk w;r tu ixfõ§;dj ksid u wjia:d y÷kdf.k tA miqmi yUd

hdfï yelshdj we;s mqoa.,fhda fj;s' wjia:d y÷kd.;a ie‚ka Tjqyq tAjd

m%fhdackhg .ks;s'

rEmh 7'1

85

7'3 jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ks¾udKh ùfï wjYH;dj

f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a ÈhqKq ù we;af;a ixialD;sl yd iudchSh n,fõ.j,

wkqn,h ksid h' Y%S ,xldj o jvd;a ÈhqKq ùug W;aiy orñka isák rgla neúka

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shl wjYH;dj biau;= ù ;sfí' Y%S ,xldfõ mj;sk my;

i|yka lr we;s fndfyduhla wd¾Ól yd iudchSh .eg¨ i|yd id¾:l úi÷ï

fuu.ska ,nd .; yels jkq we;'

ú/lshdjg úi÷ula ùu

Y%S ,xldj ;=< ú/lshdj ie,lsh hq;= m%;sY;hl mj;S' fuu ú/lshdfõ iajNdjh

b;d ixlS¾K h'

ksoiqka (-

kQ.;a Y%ñlhkag jvd W.;a Y%ñlhka w;r ú/lshdj jeä ùu

jhi wjqreÿ 30g wvq ;reKhka w;r ú/lshdj by< m%;sY;hla .ekSu

Y% S ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldfhka ie,lsh hq;= m%;sY;hla /lshd i|yd

úfoaY.; ùu

W.;a ldka;djka w;r ú/lshdj by< uÜgul mej;Su

tneúka Y%S ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh i|yd /lshd ks¾udKh lsÍu jHjidhl;aj

ixialD;shla ;=< b;d myiqfjka isÿl< yels ld¾hhls'

wd¾Ól j¾Okhla <Õd lr .; hq;= ùu

wd¾Ólhla j¾Okh ùug kï tu wd¾Ólh ;=< ksIamdokh lrkakd jQ NdKav yd

fiajd m%udKh j¾Okh úh hq;= h' jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ;=<ska kEu rglg

by< wd¾Ól j¾Okhla ,nd .; yels h'

Ndú; fkdjk iïm;a iq,N j ;sîu

Y%S ,xldj iïm;aj,ska msß N+ñhls' j¾;udkfha § tu iïm;a ksis mßÈ m%fhdackhg

f.k ke;' tu Ndú;hg fkd.;a iïm;a fhdÞ .ksñka ksIamdÈ; ìys lsÍfï

yelshdj we;'

86

kj /lshd ks¾udKh lrkakka ìyslr .; hq;= ùu

Y%S ,xldfõ ck.yk j¾Ok fõ.hg idfmalaI j /lshd iemhSu ÿIalr ù we;'

/lshd ks¾udKh l< yelafla jHjidhlhkag mu‚' /lshd iemhSu i|yd kj

jHdmdr ìys l< hq;= h' túg tu jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hdfï § fukau jeä ÈhqKq

lsÍfï § Rcq yd jl% /lshd ks¾udKh fõ'

wdÞhï fn§hdfï úIu;dj wju l< hq;= ùu

rfÜ ck.ykfhka l=vd fldgilg cd;sl wdodhfuka jeä fldgila o rfÜ

ck.ykfhka úYd, fldgig cd;sl wdÞhfuka l=vd fldgila o ysñ ùfuka wdÞhï

fn§ hdfï úIu;dj we;s fõ'

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh m%p,s; ùu yryd fndfyda mqoa.,hkaf.a jHjidhl;aj

yelshdj j¾Okh fõ' tu yelshd u.ska Tjqkg ,dN bmehsh yels fõ' ;j o fiajd

kshqla;sh by< hdfuka my< wdÞhï ,nk fldgig wdÞhï .,d hdu o isÿ fõ'

fuu.ska wdÞhï fn§hdfï úIu;dj wju fõ'

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìys ùu i|yd ys;lr jk iudchSh yd wd¾Ól idOl

fndfyda h' tu idOl lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

ys;lr wd¾Ól mßirhla mej;Su

jHjidhlhkag kj jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug fukau jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hdug

iqÿiq wd¾Ól mßirhla ;sìh hq;= h' Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh wvq ùu" wdÞhï uÜgï

by< hdu" ys;lr úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;sl jeks wd¾Ól idOl jHdmdr lghq;=j,g

ys;lr wdldrfhka ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

ia:djr foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh

jHjidhl;ajh uQ,sl fldg .ksñka iy wdrlaId lr .ksñka wd¾Ól yd iudchSh

.eg¨j,g úi÷ï fiùu i|yd ys;lr m%;sm;a;s iy kS;s Í;s iïmdokh lrk"

jHjidhl;ajfha m%;s,dN ms<sn| j wjfndaO lr.;a foaYmd,k wêldßhla mej;Su

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìys ùug uyÕ= rel=,la fõ'

7'4 jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìys ùu i|yd ys;lr iudchSh yd wd¾Ól idOl

87

rdcH yd fjk;a wdh;kj, Èß.ekaùï

jHjidhl;ajh kxjd,Su i|yd rchg fukau rdcH wdh;kj,g o úYd, iyfhda.

hla ,nd Èh yels h' uQ,Huh Èß .ekaùï fukau uQ,Huh fkdjk Èß.ekaùï ,nd

§u u.ska jHjidhl;aj ixialD;sh ÈhqKq lr.; yels fõ'

ksoiqka (-

nÿ iyk ,nd §u

iyk moku hgf;a Kh ,nd §u

úúO Wmfoia yd mqyqKq ,nd §u

wdOdr ,nd §u

foaYSh yd úfoaYSh .ekqïlrejka uqK.eiaùu

m%o¾Yk jevuq¿ wdÈh ixúOdkh lsÍu

jHjidhl;ajh Èß.kajk mjq,a miqìula mej;Su

jHjidhl;ajh Èß.kajk mjq,a miqìula mej;Su o jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla

we;s lsÍu flfrys Okd;aul j n,mdhs' jHjidhl;aj olaI;d biau;= jk mßÈ

lghq;= l< yels mßirhla mjq, ;=< ks¾udKh lr .ekSu ;=<ska wkd.;fha id¾:l

jHjidhlhka ìysùug fya;= fõ' tfukau we;eï mjq,a jHdmdr wdrïN lr È.ska

È.gu tAjd mj;ajdf.k hdu ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a bÈß mrïmrdjka o jHjidhl;aj

ld¾h i|yd fhduq ùfï jeä m%jK;djla mej;Su jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ìys

ùu flfrys n,mdk ;j;a ys;lr idOlhls'

úYd, jHdmdrj,ska ,efnk Èßu;a lsÍï

úYd, jHdmdr ;u jHdmdr lghq;= lrf.k hdfï § iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHdmdrj,

iyfhda.h ksrka;rfhka ,nd .kS' tneúka iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k

hdug ksrka;rfhka úúO Èß.ekaùï isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

ksoiqka (-

úYd, jHdmdr i|yd wjYH wuqøjH yd Wmdx. iq¿ jHdmdr yryd ,nd .ekSu

we;eï ksIamdok ld¾hhka iq¿ jHdmdr fj; ú;eka lr ;sîu Wm fldka;%d;a&

iïm;a ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj

iïm;a iq,n j ;sîu yd tAjd ksIamdok lghq;= i|yd fhdÞ .; yels ùu

jHjidhl;ajh Èßu;a lrk idOlhls'

88

wdo¾Y pß;

id¾:l jHjidhlhkaf.a wdo¾Y pß; iudcfha jeä jYfhka olakg ,eîu

jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla ks¾udKh ùu i|yd n,mdk m%n, lreKls' tjeks

u. fmkaùï kj jHjidhlhkag ;uka hd hq;= u. lshd fohs'

zfjkia j ys;kakZ

wem,a mß.Kl iud.fï ks¾ud;D iaàõ fcdíia

úúO md¾Yajhkaf.a Èßu;a lsÍï

tkï mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.ka" mdif,ka" úúO iñ;s ix.ïj,ska yd ñ;=rkaf.ka

jHjidhl;ajh i|yd fokq ,nk Èßu;a lsÍï o jHjidhl;aj ixialD;shla we;s

ùug ys;lr j n,mdhs' j¾;udkfha mqj;am;a yd úoHq;a udOHj,g o fï i|yd

iqúfYaIS ld¾hhla bgq l< yels h'

l%shdldrlu 01

Y%S ,xldfõ id¾:l jHjidhlhka fofofkl= y÷kd .kak'

Tjqkaf.a Ôú; l;dfjys .uka u. ms<sn| j fidhd n,kak'

kj jHjidhlhkag Tjqkaf.a Ôú; l;dj,ska ,nd .; yels wdo¾Y lsysmhla

,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

rEmh 7'2

89

7'5 jHjidhl;ajhg tfrys jk iudchSh idOl

mqoa.,fhl=g jHjidhlhl= ùu fya;=fjka mqoa.,sl j ysñjk m%;s,dN /ils'

tfukau jHjidhlhka rfÜ wd¾Ólhg o b;d by< m%;s,dN w;alr fo;s' rgla

ixj¾Okh lrd f.khdfï hdka;%Kh o jHjidhl;ajhhs' tkuq;a fndfyda msßila

jHjidhlhka ùug ue,s lula olaj;s'

fufia jHjidhl;ajhg tfrys jk iudchSh idOl lsysmhla ms<sn| j fidhd

n,uq'

jegqma ,nk /lshdjlg we;s by< ms<s.ekSu

Y%S ,xldfõ fndfyda msßilf.a isyskh jkqfha by< jegqma ,nd .; yels Wiia

/lshdjla lsÍuhs' thg fya;= ù we;af;a mqo a.,fhl=f.a id¾:l;ajh yd

ms<s.ekSu Tyq fyda weh lrkq ,nk /lshdfjka uekSug iudch mqreÿ ù isàu h'

fuu wdl,amh ksid iajlSh jHjidhl;aj yelshd hgm;a lrñka /lshd wfmalaIs;

j ld,h .; lsÍug mqreÿ ù isà'

wjÞkï yd wNsfhda. Ndr .ekSug we;s wleue;a;

jHjidhlhl= i;= úh hq;= m%Odk ,laIKhla jkqfha l<ukdlrKh lr.; yels

wjÞkula Ndr .ekSuhs' Tjqka kjH;d id¾:l lr .ekSfï wNsfhda. Ndr .;

hq;= h' tfia wjÞku yd wNsfhda. Ndr .ekSug mqoa.,hka ;=< we;s wleue;a;

jHjidhl;ajhg tfrys jk ;j;a ndOlhls'

wOHdmkh ;=<ska Èßu;a lsÍula isÿ fkdùu

ks¾udKYS,S ukilska f,dj olsk" ±kg mj;skakd oE fjkilg Ndckh l< yels"

wjÞkï yd wNsfhda. Ndr.kakd msßila" mj;akd iïm%Þhsl wOHdmk l%uh ;=<ska

ìys lsÍu i|yd wkqn,hla fkd,eîu jHjidhl;ajhg tfrys jk idOlhls'

rdcH Èß.ekaùï m%udKj;a fkdùu

Y%S ,xldj ;=< jHjidhl;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍug we;s m%;sm;a;sj, ÿ¾j,;d yd

jHjidhlhka k.d isgqùu i|yd lrkq ,nk Èß .ekaùï m%udKj;a fkdùu o

jHjidhl;ajhg tfrys jk idOlhls'

90

hemqï udkisl;ajfhka hqla; ùu

j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldfõ fndfyda msßila ;ukag fouõmshkaf.a Wreu jk oE flfrys

úYd, n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;nd .kakd w;r tu Wreuhka ,o miq tAjd úhoï lrñka

Ôj;a ùug W;aiy or;s' tfiau rcfhka ,efnk iykdOdr wfmalaIdfjka isá;s'

;u W;aidyfhka ;ukag wjYH oE Wmhd .ekSug fjfyi ùug ue,slula olaj;s'

tjeks udkisl;ajhla mqoa.,hka ;=< mej;Su jHjidhl;ajh flfrys fhduq ùug

we;s RKd;aul idOlhls'

7'6 jHjidhl;ajh ;=< ldka;djf.a N+ñldj

zf;dá,a, mojk w; f,dj wdKavq flf¾Z

fuu lshufkka jegfykafka ldka;dj ;=<

;sfnk iqúfYaIS yelshdjhs' Tjqka i;= j mj;sk

ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" lem ùfuka jev lsÍfï yelshdj"

wjÞkï ±Ífï Yla;sh" nqoaêu;aNdjh fukau

ia:dfkdaÑ; m%×j" kuHYS,s;ajh wd§ .=Kdx. fya;=

fldg f.k ´kEu ld¾hhla id¾:l;ajh lrd

fufyhúh yels h' fuu .=Kdx. fya;= fldg f.k

;ks j fyda lKavdhula jYfhka kj jHdmdr wjia:d

y÷kdf.k th ;u jHdmdrh njg m;a lr .ksñka

yd wfkl=;a mqoa.,hkag o /lshd wjia:d imhñka

ldka;djka j¾;udkfha id¾:l j jHjidhl;ajh

ld¾hh i|yd fhduq ù we;'

ldka;djka jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd bÈßm;a ùfï wjYH;dj

j¾;udkfha ldka;djka jHjidhl;ajh i|yd fhduq ùu w;HjYH lreKla njg

m;a ù we;' tA i|yd n,mdk lreKq rdYshla mj;S'

hym;a wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhla <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd

j¾;udkfha Ôjk úhou by< f.dia we;s neúka ;ks mqoa.,fhl=f.a wdÞhñka

ksjfia wd¾Ól lghq;= lrf.k hdu wmyiq ù we;' fuu ;;a;ajh u.yrjd .ekSu

i|yd ldka;d md¾Yajh o jHdmdr lsÍu u.ska wdÞhï bmehSu i|yd fhduq ùu

wjYH j we;'

rEmh 7'3

91

ck.ykfhka nyq;rhla ldka;djka ùu

Y%S ,xld ck.yk ixhq;sh úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï § nyq;rh ldka;d md¾Yajh

ksfhdackh lrhs' fuu.ska wmg ks.ukh l< yels jkafka Y%S ,xldfõ Y%u

n,ldfha ie,lsh hq;= ldka;d ksfhdackhla mj;sk njhs' tneúka ldka;djka

jHdmdr lsÍu flfrys fhduq ù rfÜ wd¾Ólh kxjd,Su i|yd Tjqkaf.a Þhl;ajh

,nd .; hq;= j we;'

ldka;djka w;r ú/lshdj nyq, j ;sîu

ldka;djka w;r ú/lshdj by< uÜgul mj;S' th rfÜ mj;sk iïm;a kdia;shls'

ldka;djka jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd fhduq ùu u.ska Tjqka cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h by<

kexùu i|yd Þhl lr.; yels h' tu.ska Tjqkg fukau wka whg o /lshd wjia:d

cks; l< yels neúka fiajd úhqla;shg o úi÷ula ,nd .; yels h'

ldka;d Þhl;ajh wjYH jk jHdmdr mej;Su

ldka;djka i;= úfYaI ksmqK;d" uDÿ .=Kh" lreKdjka; nj wd§ .=Kdx. uq,a lr

.ksñka mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= we;eï jHdmdr i|yd ldka;d Þhl;ajh wjYH fõ'

ksoiqka (-

fmr mdi,a fiajh" fyo fiajh" rEm,djKH lghq;=" Èjd iq/l=ï

uOHia:dk" ú,dis;d ks¾udK wdY%s; lghq;=

ldka;djka by< wOHdmkhla ,nd .ekSfï m%jK;dj

j¾;udk iudch ;=< isák ldka;djka mdi,a wOHdmkh fukau Wiia wOHdmkh

i|yd fhduq ùfï jeä m%jK;djla olakg ,efí' by< wOHdmkhla ,enQ miq bka

m%fhdack .ekSu i|yd iajdëk j jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu flfrys fhduq ùu ;=<ska

rfÜ wd¾Ól ÈhqKqj i|yd Þhl úh yels h'

ldka;djkag jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd we;s wjia:d

ldka;djkag jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd bÈßm;a ùu i|yd jHdmdr mßirh ;=< bv m%ia:d

;sîu jeo.;a fõ' Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha ±lsh yels tjeks wjia:d lsysmhla my;

±lafõ'

92

fiajd i|yd by< b,a¨ula ks¾udKh ù ;sîu

j¾;udkfha mqoa., ld¾hnyq,;ajh" iudc yd wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh by< hdu wd§

lreKq fya;= fldg f.k ñksia wjYH;d yd jqjukd imqrd .ekSug úúO fiajd

i|yd by< b,a¨ula ks¾udKh ù we;' tu fiajdjka iemhSu i|yd Þhl ùug

ldka;djkag bv m%ia:d újD; j mj;S'

ksoiqka (-

ieliQ wdydr wf,ú lsÍu

f,dkaä% fiajh

Èjd iq/l=ï fiajh

iq¿ wdfhdackhlska iy wvq wjodkula iys; j wdrïN l< yels jHdmdr wjia:d

nyq, j ;sîu

ksoiqka (-

wjia:d l<ukdlrKh - úúO W;aij ixúOdkh lsÍu

foaYSh$úfoaYSh pdßld ixúOdkh lsÍu

ldka;djka i|yd u úfYaIs; jQ uQ,H yd uQ,H fkdjk Èß .ekaùï y÷kajd § ;sîu

ksoiqka (-

iyk fmd,S fyda fmd,S rys; nexl= Kh ,nd §u

jHjidhl;aj mqyqKq jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu

ldka;dj flfrys mej;s iudc wdl,am fjkia fjñka mej;Su

ksoiqka (-

iudcfha ldka;djkag we;s

ms<s.ekSu j¾Okh ùu

j;auka iudch ldka;djkaf.a

wd¾Óluh Þhl;ajh wjYH

nj ms<s.ekSu

mqreI mlaIh muKla kshe¨Kq

lghq;=j, ldka;djka kshe,Su

rEmh 7'4

rEmh 7'5

93

jHjidhlfhl= ùug ldka;djka ;=< we;s Yla;s lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

ldka;djkagu wdfõ‚l jQ l=i,;d fhdÞ .; yels ùu

iajhx úkhla mej;Su

mqoa.,sl Ôú;h iy jHdmdßl ld¾hhka iunr j l<ukdlrKh lr

.ekSug we;s yelshdj

ld,h ksis mßÈ m%fhdackhg .ekSu

ks¾udKYS,s;ajh by< uÜgul mej;Su

úúO md¾Yaj iu. iqyo iïnkaO;d f.dvke.Su yd tA ;=<ska úYajdih

f.dvk.d .ekSug we;s yelshdj

ldka;djka idOdrK yd úYajdi l< yels njg iudch ;=< mj;sk

wdl,amh

msßueiqï iys; nj

ldka;d jHjidhl;ajhg we;s ndOd

ldka;djkag jHdmdr lrf.k hdfï § úúO ndOd

mj;S' we;eï úg tu ndOd Tjqka jHjidhl;aj

ld¾hfhka bj;a lsÍug fya;= ù we;' tjeks ndOd


fm!oa.,sl ðú; N+ñldj yd jHjidhl;aj

N+ñldj hk me;slv folu iunr j

mj;ajd .ekSug we;s wNsfhda.h

ldka;djkag ;u .Dy Ôú;hg uq,a;ek §ug isÿjk w;r tys § jHdmdrh

ms<sn| we;s wjOdkh wvq úh yels ùu

ldka;djf.a iajdëk;ajh iudch ;=< ;ju;a ia:dms; fkdùu

iïm%Þfhka Tíng f.dia jHdmdr lghq;= lsÍug we;s wleue;a;

ldka;d jHjidhl;aj m%j¾Ok jevigyka m%udKj;a fkdùu

m%d.aOkh imhd .ekSfï ÿIalr;dj

rEmh 7'6

94

l%shdldrlu 02

kùId 8 jk fY%a‚fha YsIHdjla jk w;r weh wd¾Ól wmyiq;d we;s mjq,l jeäuy,a Èh‚h

jQjd h' wehf.a ifydaorhd 4 jk fY%a‚fha bf.kqu ,nhs' wehf.a mshd fm!oa.,sl wdh;khl

iq¿ fiajlfhl= jQ w;r uj .Dy‚hl jQjd h' mshdf.a fõ;kh kùIdf.a ksjfia ish¨ jev

lghq;=j,g m%udKj;a fkdjQ kuq;a tu uqo,ska jeä fldgila orejkaf.a wOHdmkhg fhdojd

b;sß uqo,a wrmsßueiafuka ksjfia wfkl=;a wjYH;dj,g fhdÞ .ekSug kùIdf.a uj j.n,d

.;a;d h' w.ysÕlï ;snqK o Tjqka b;d i;=áka Ôj;a úh'

Èkla kùIdf.a mshd yÈis wk;=rlg uqyqK md T;am, jQ neúka Tyqf.a /lshdj wysñ úh' wehf.a

mshdg ffjoH m%;sldr lsÍu i|yd;a ksjfia jev lghq;= i|yd;a wdÞhula fkd,enQ ;u ujf.a

wirK lu ÿgq kùId ÿla jQjd h' kùIdf.a uj b;d ffO¾hjka; ldka;djla jQ w;r weh iaj

W;aiyfhka ke.S isàug wÈgka lr .;a;d h' kùIdf.a uj b;sßlr.;a iq¿ uqo,lska m%foaYfha

we;s iïm;a Ndú; lrñka l=vd w;anE.a ksIamdok wdh;khla wdrïN l<d h' Èjd ? fkdn,d

fjfyi ù ;u jHdmdrh fjkqfjka jev lrk w;r;=r ;u mshdf.a jevlghq;= o fkdmsßfy,d

bgq lrk ;u ujf.a lemùu ms<sn| j kùId úYauhg m;a jQjd h'

wehf.a ks¾udK fjf<|mf<a we;s wksl=;a w;a nE.aj,g jvd fjkia uqyqKqjrla .;a w;r tys

m%;sM,hla f,i ;u ksIamdÈ;j, wf,úh j¾Okh lr .ekSug weh iu;a jQjd h' b;d flá

l,lska m%foaYfha ldka;djka 04 fofkl=g ;u wdh;kfha /lshd ,nd §ug yelshdj ,o

weh m%foaYfha ckm%sh iy id¾:l pß;hla njg m;a jQ w;r m%foaYfha uys,d iñ;sfha ldrl

uKav,fha idudðldjla f,i o f;aÍ m;a jQjd h' ;u orejkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;= id¾:l j

mj;ajdf.k hdu" Tjqka fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd m%udKj;a wdÞhula bmehSu jeks lreKq weh

fm!oa.,sl ðú;fha N+ñld iy jHjidhl;aj N+ñldj hk me;slv fol u iunr j mj;ajd .ekSug

we;s wNsfhda.hg id¾:l j uqyqK § we;s njg idlaIshla jQjd h'

iïmQ¾K iqjh ,enQ kùIdf.a mshd Tyq T;am, j isá ld,h ;=< kùIdf.a uj ,o ch.%yKh

ms<sn| j iEySug m;a j isá fyhska fjk;a /lshdjla fidhd fkdf.dia wehf.a jHdmdrhgu

iïnkaO ù th ;j;a ÈhqKq lsÍug ;SrKh lf<a h' kùId o fyd¢ka wOHdmkh ,nd ;u uj fuka

id¾:l jHjidhsldjl ùug wÈgka lr .;a;d h'

Tn úiska by; úia;rh fyd¢ka lshjd my; ±lafjk m%Yak i|yd ms<s;=re imhkak'

01' kùIdf.a ujf.a jHjidhl;aj .=Kdx. y÷kd .kak'

02' weh ldka;d jHjidhl;ajhg mej;s ndOd chf.k we;s wdldrh úia;r

lrkak'

95

l%shdldrlu 03

rfÜ wd¾Ól j¾Okh i|yd ldka;djkaf.a Þhl;ajh úia;r flfrk mqj;a

m;a$iÕrd wdÈfhys m<jk jd¾;d tl;= lrkak'

tu jd¾;d mka;s ldurfha idlÉPd fldg Tjqka Èßu;a ùug fya;= iy Tjqka uqyqK

ÿka wNsfhda. y÷kd.kak'

l%shdldru 04

Tnf.a m%foaYfha we;s m%fhdackhg fkd.;a iajdNdúl iïm;a y÷kd.kak'

tu iïm;a fhdÞ .ksñka ldka;djlg l< yels iqÿiq jHdmdr wjia:d fudkjdo

hkak ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

7'7 jHdmdr wdpdrO¾u yd iudc j.lSu

jHdmdr wdpdr O¾u

jHdmdrhla úiska mßirhg yd fjk;a lsis÷ md¾Yajhlg ydks isÿ fkdjk

wdldrfhka idOdrk j ,dN bmehsh hq;= h' tA i|yd jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hdfï

§ wdpdrO¾u moaO;shlg wkql+, j lghq;= l< hq;= h'fuu jHdmdr wdpdrO¾u

jHdmdrhg iïnkaO mqoa.,hkaf.a w.kdjka u; mokï fõ'

hïlsis mqoa.,fhl= fyda mqoa., lKavdhula úiska l=ula ksjerÈ o l=ula jerÈ o

ke;fyd;a l=ula fyd|o l=ula krlo hkak iïnkaOfhka ,sÅ; j" jdÑl j fyda

jHx.fhka meñK we;a;d jQ fmdÿ tlÕ;d jHdmdr wdpdrO¾u fõ'

ksoiqka (-

iEu jHdmdr lghq;a;l § u mdßfNda.slhd m<uq fldg ie,lSu

iajdNdúl mßirhg ydks fkdjk wdldrfhka lghq;= lsÍu

96

jHdmdr wdpdrO¾u ;SrKh ùfuys ,d m%Odk md¾Yaj 3la n,mEï we;s lrhs'

1' m%j¾:lhka ^jHdmdrh wdrïN lrkakka&

2' wdh;kfha idudðlhka

3' ndysr iudch

l%shdldrlu 05

jHdmdrhla wkq.ukh l< hq;= wdpdr O¾u lsysmhla fhdackd lrkak

l%shdldrlu 06

jHdmdrhla ;=< isÿúh yels wdpdr O¾u úfrdaë ld¾hhka ,ehsia;=.; lrkak

jHdmdrhl iudc j.lSï

jHdmdrhl iudc j.lSï iïnkaOfhka idïm%Þhsl u;h jkqfha jHdmdrh úiska

tys whs;slrejkaf.a wdfhdað; m%d.aOkhg Wmßu m%;s,dN ,nd Èh hq;= njhs' tfy;a

j¾;udkfha jHdmdrhl iudc j.lSu b;d mq¿,a ixl,amhla njg m;a ù we;'

jHdmdrhlg ;u whs;slrejka flfrys fukau jHdmdrh l%shd;aul jk yd fmdaIKh

jk iuia; ndysr iudch flfrysu j.lSula we;s nj jHdmdr iudc j.lSï

hkafkka woyia fõ'

tneúka jHdmdr j¾;udk iudcfha mj;sk .eg¨ jk mßirh wdrlaId lsÍu"

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh" iudc yd ixialD;sl j¾Okh" iduldó iudchla we;s lsÍu

hkd§ lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h'

jHdmdrhl iudc j.lSï uÜgï

jHdmdrhl iudc j.lSu my; ±lafjk wdldrj,ska bgql< yels h'

01' wd¾Ól j.lSu

02' kS;suh j.lSu

03' iÞpdrd;aul j.lSu

04' mrd¾:ldó j.lSu

97

1' wd¾Ól j.lSu

jHdmdr whs;slrejkaf.a m%;s,dN jeä lsÍug Þhl jk j.lSï fõ' fïjd bgq lsÍu

jHdmdrfha meje;au i|yd w;HjYH fõ'

ksoiqka (-

jHdmdrfha uQ,H ia:djr;ajh wdrlaId lsÍu" ,dNÞhS;ajh" iSñ; iïm;a

ld¾hlaIu j Ndú; lsÍu

2' kS;suh j.lSu

tkï rch yd fjk;a wdh;k úiska mkjkq ,nk kS;s Í;sj,g wkql+, j jHdmdr

lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hduhs'

ksoiqka (-

fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,a ksis mßÈ f.ùï

mßir ¥IKh wju lsÍu

;ykï l< wuqøjH Ndú;fhka je<lSu

3' iÞpdrd;aul j.lSu

jHdmdrh l%shd;aul jk iudch úiska ksjerÈ hehs ms<s.kq ,nk ,sÅ; fyda jHx.

Í;sj,g wkql+, ùuhs'

fuu j.lSï jHdmdrh mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd w;HjYH fkdjqK o úúO iudc

md¾Yajhkaf.a wfmalaId jk neúka fujeks j.lSï jHdmdr úiska bgq lrhs'

ksoiqka (-

ldka;djkag iy iq¿;r ck fldÜGdij, mqoa.,hkag iu /lshd

wjia:d ,nd §u

fiajl mqyqKqj yd ixj¾Okh

NdKavh$fiajdfõ .=Kd;aulNdjh j¾Okh lsÍu

4' mrd¾:ldó j.lSu

mrd¾:ldó j.lSu hkq jHdmdrfha meje;aug w;HjYH fkdjk iy iudcfha úúO

md¾Yaj úiska jHdmdrh ;=<ska Rcq j u wfmalaId fkdlrk j.lSï fõ' jHdmdrh

iafõÉPdfjka bgq lrkq ,nk lsisu m%;s,dNhla wfmalaId fkdlrk by<u ;,fha

msysá j.lSï mrd¾:ldó j.lSï hg;g jefÜ'

98

ksoiqka (-

l%Svd" wOHdmk" fi!LH jeks m%cd lghq;= i|yd wkq.%yh ±laùu

iajdNdúl jHikj,ska úm;g m;ajkakka k.disgqùu

jHdmdr flfrys Wkkaÿ jk md¾Yaj

jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.k hEu ksid Rcq j u fyda jl%dldr j n,mEug m;ajk

md¾Yaj jHdmdrhla flfrys Wkkaÿ jk md¾Yaj f,i y÷kajhs'

tu md¾Yajhkaf.a úúO jQ wfmalaId mj;S' tjeks wfmalaId i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla

my; ±lafõ'

md¾Yajh wfmalaIdj

whs;slrejka fhojQ m%d.aOkhg m%udKj;a m%;s,dNhla

fiajlhka idOdrK jegqmla ,eîu yd /lshdfõ iqrlaIs; nj

Khysñhka ,ndÿka Kh kshñ; ld, iSudfõ § whlr .ekSu

rch kS;s Í;sj,g wkql+, ùu" nÿ uqo,a ksis mßÈ whlr .ekSu

mdßfNda.slhka idOdrK ñ,lg .-=Kd;aul NdKav ,nd .ekSu

by; ksoiqka mßÈ úúO md¾Yaj ;u wfmalaIdjka bgq lrkq we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jk w;r tfia fkdjk wjia:dj, § jHdmdrhg tfrys j lghq;= lsÍug fm<fò'

tu ksid jHdmdrhla ;u m%;sm;a;s fukau wdpdrO¾u by; md¾Yajhkaf.a wfmalaId

bgqjk wdldrhg msysgqjd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

iudc j.lSu ms<sme§fuka ,efnk m%;s,dN

jHdmdrfha lS¾;skduh j¾Okh ùu

jHdmdrfha È.= ld,Sk meje;au ia:dms; ùu

mek ke.sh yels kS;suh m%Yak wju ùu

jHdmdrfha NdKav fyda fiajdj,g we;s b,a¨u by< hdu u.ska by<

,dNÞhl;ajhla iy;sl ùu

fiajlhkaf.a Ñ;a; ffO¾h by< hdu yd jHdmdrh flfrys ,eÈhdj

j¾Okh ùu

99

l%shdldrlu 07

my; ±lafjk m%ldY i;H kï ,l=K o wi;H kï ,l=K o m%ldYh bÈßmsg

we;s ysia fldgqfjys olajkak'

wkq

wxlhm%ldYh $

01 ;u wmøjH fi!LHdrlaIs; j neyer lsÍu i|yd wêl msßjehla

±Íug isÿ jqj o tu ms<sfj< wkq.ukh lsÍu tu jHdmdrh

flfrys fyd| m%;srEmhla ks¾udKh ùug fya;= fõ'

02 hï wd¾Ólhl iqNidOkh by< kxjd,Sfï j.lSu tu wd¾Ólh

;=< mj;sk jHdmdr flfrys o mj;S'

03 jHdmdrhla úiska iudch ms<s.kq ,nk idOdrK wdpdrO¾uj,g

wkq.; ùu ;=<ska jHdmdrh flfrys Wkkaÿ jk md¾Yaj ;Dma;su;a

Ndjhg m;a fõ'

04 jHdmdrhla úiska imqrd,sh hq;= iudchSh j.lSï ms<smosk wdldrh

tu jHdmdrfha meje;au ;SrKh ùu flfrys n,mdhs'

05 mrd¾:ldó j.lSu hkq iuia: iudch úiska jHdmdr úiska l<

hq;= hehs wksjd¾hfhka u n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk j.lSï fõ'

7'8 jHjidhlhka i|yd mj;akd Èß.ekaùï

rgl jHjidhl;ajh m%j¾Okh ùu u.ska tu rgg b;d úYd, m%;s,dN /ila w;a

fõ' tys we;s jeo.;alu ksid u úúO rdcH wdh;k fukau fm!oa.,sl wdh;k o

jHjidhl;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍug W;aidy orhs' tys m%;sM,hla f,i jHjidhlhkag

kj jHdmdr wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug úúO Èß.ekaùï ,nd fokq ±lsh yels h'

100

jHdmdr wdrïN lrkakkag rcfha Èß.ekaùï wjYH ùug fya;= lsysmhla

my; ±lafõ'

jHjidhlhkag kj jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu i|yd Wkkaÿj we;s lrùug

jHjidhlhkaf.a jHdmdr woyia jHdmdr njg mßj¾;kh lsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd §ug

jHdmdr wdrïN lrkakka ;=< wd;au úYajdih yd iqNjd§ wdl,am we;s

lrùu i|yd

jHjidhlhkag id¾:l m%fõYhla ,nd §ug

rchla úiska wfmalaId lrk iudchSh iqNidOk lghq;= mj;ajdf.k

hdu i|yd

Èß.ekaùï j¾.

rch úiska ,ndfok úúO Èß.ekaùï m%Odk jYfhka my; ±lafjk mßÈ j¾. l<

yels h'

rEmh 7'7

Èß.ekaùï j¾.

uQ,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùïuQ,H Èß.ekaùï

jd‚c

nexl= Kh

myiqlï

wfkl=;a

nexl= Kh

myiqlï

;Hd. iy

uQ,HdOdr

WmfoaYk

fiajd

;dlaI‚l

fiajd

fjf<|m<

myiqlï

uQ,H Èß.ekaùu

jHdmdrhlg ,ndfok uQ,Huh iajrEmhla .kakd wdOdr uQ,H Èß.ekaùï fõ'

ksoiqka (-

iyk fmd,S wkqmd;hla hgf;a Kh myiqlï ,nd §u

wem iq/l=ï rys; Kh ,nd §u

Kh wdmiq f.ùï ld, iSudj jeä lsÍu

uQ,Huh m%odk

101

uQ,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï

jHdmdrhlg ,ndfok uQ,Huh iajrEmhla fkd.kakd m%;s,dN uQ,H fkdjk

Èß.ekaùï fõ' tkï ;dlaI‚l" wf,ú wd§ há;, myiqlï iemhSuhs'

ksoiqka (-

jHjidhlhka mqyqKqj

fiajlhka mqyqKqj

wf,úlrK mqyqKqj

jHdmdr ie,iqï ilia lsÍug WmfoaYkh

;dlaI‚l mqyqKqj ,nd §u

weiqreïlrKh ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd §u

fjf<|m< fidhd §u

l%shdldrlu 08

my; ±lafjk Èß §ï uQ,H Èß.ekaùï o ke;fyd;a uQ,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùï o hkak

y÷kd .kak'

wkq

wxlhÈß.ekaùu ms<s;=r

01 rdcH nexl=jlska re' 100 000l Khla ,nd .ekSu

02 wdmiq fkdf.jk moku u; re' 500 000l wdOdrhla ,eîu

03rdcH wdh;khlska re' 10 000la jákd hka;%hla mß;Hd.hla

f,i ,eîu

04jHdmdrfha NdKav ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka ;dlaI‚l Wmfoia

,nd §u

05

úfYaI m%j¾Ok jevigykla hgf;a NdKav weiqreïlrKh

ms<sn| Wmfoia ,nd.ekSu i|yd jevuq¿jlg iyNd.S ùug

wjia:dj ,nd §u

06

wmkhk ixj¾Ok uKav,h úiska ixúOdkh lrkq ,nk

m%o¾Ykhla i|yd iyNd.s ù úfoaYSh .ekqïlrejka iïnkaO lr

.ekSug wjia:dj ,eîu

07m%o¾Yk N+ñhl msysá re' 10 000la jákd fjf<| l=áhla

jHjidhlfhl= yg fkdñf,a ,nd §u

102

Èß.ekaùï imhk wdh;k

úúO rdcH wdh;k fukau fm!oa.,sl wdh;k o jHjidhlhkayg Èß.ekaùï ,nd

§fï ld¾hfhys ksr; j isà'

uQ,H Èß.ekaùï ,ndfok wdh;k i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

ish¨u foaYSh jd‚c nexl=

jd‚c nexl= fkdjk fjk;a uQ,H wdh;k

uQ,H fkdjk Èß §ï ,nd fok wdh;k lsysmhla iy tAjd u.ska imhk fiajd


ld¾ñl ixj¾Ok

uKav,h

-wdfhdack bv m%ia;d ms<sn`o j Wmfoia iemhSu

ld¾ñl f;dr;=re iemhSu

;dlaI‚l iydh ,nd §u

bxðfkare fiajd iemhSu

l¾udka; i|yd jD;a;Sh fiajd iy uQ,sl myiqlï iemhSu

wf,úlrK fiajd iemhSu

ld¾ñl ;dlaIK

wdh;kh

l¾udka; i|yd ;dlaI‚l WmfoaYl;ajh ,nd §u

úoHd.dr yd ld¾ñl WmlrK l%udxlkh lr §u

ksIamdok yd ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh ixj¾Okh lsßu

l¾udka; iy úoHd.dr ñkqï

úoHq;a WmlrK w¨;ajeähdj

wuqøjH iy ksñ NdKav mÍlaIdj yd ;;a;aj md,kh

;dlaI‚l mqyqKqj

-l¾udka;j, ;dlaI‚l fodaI ks¾Kh lsÍu

103

Y%S ,xld wmkhk

ixj¾Ok uKav,h

-YS% ,xldj ;=< wmkhkhg ys;lr miqìula we;s lsÍu

YS% ,xld m%ñ;s

wdh;kh

-cd;sl m%ñ;s ilia lsÍu

NdKav ;;a;aj iy;sl ksl=;a lsÍu -

;;a;aj moaO;s iy;sl lsÍu

wmkhk NdKavj, ;;a;ajh mÍlaId lsÍu

wdkhk mÍlaIdj

;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsßu i|yd Wmfoia

l%shdldrlu 09

Tn jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrkafka hehs is;kak' tu jHdmdrhg uQ,H fkdjk myiqlï

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y÷kd .kak'

ms<s;=re ,shuq'

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wehs ±hs fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

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idOl ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

04' jHdmdrhla flfrys Wkkaÿjla olajk md¾Yaj 4la kï lrkak'

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wjYH;djh fmkakqï lrkak'

06' uQ,H yd uQ,H fkdjk Èß.ekaùïj,g WÞyrK 2l ne.ska fokak'

^fuu fmdf;ys oelafjk ish¨ u mska;+r wka;¾cd,h weiqfrka Wmqgd .kakd ,È'&

104

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Administrative planArticles of AssociationBrand namesBusiness organizationBusiness planCapitalCash balanceCash inflowsCash outflowsContinued existenceDemandEthicsExecutive summaryFinancial IncentivesFixed assetsFranchiseFranchise agreementFranchiseeFranchisorHuman resourcesIncentivesIncorporated companyIndustrial Technology InstituteInputLabour costLegal personalityMarket shareMarketing mixMarketing planMarketing strategies

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Y%u msßjeh

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105

Material costNon-financial IncentivesOff shore companiesOrdinanceOutputOwnershipPartnershipPartnership agreementPartnership deedPlanningPricePrivate limited companiesPrivate sector businessesProduction planProduction processPromotionPublic sector businessesPurchasing powerQuestionnairesRole modelsSales expenditureSales forecastSales incomeShare holderSocial responsibilitySole proprietorshipUnit costUnlimited companiesUnlimited liability

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tAll msßjeh

iSud rys; iud.ï

wiSñ; j.lSu

jhjidhl;aj wohhkh

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