Impacto do resíduo de produtos dessecantes na exportação

CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA

13 DE JUNHO DE 2018

PEDRO MATOS

INTRODUÇÃO

A ANEC - Associação Nacional dosExportadores de Cereais - foi fundada em 1965 eatualmente dispõe de 12 contratos padrãocontemplando as exportações de soja, milho,trigo e seus derivados.

Os contratos ANEC estabelecem certasespecificações de qualidade e os casos omissossão amparados pela legislação brasileira. Noscasos de arbitragem, são utilizadas as normas eregras internacionais, notadamente as regras daFOSFA – Federation of Oils, Seeds and FatsAssociations.

DESSECANTES

Atualmente, os dessecantes mais usados no Brasil são:

• Paraquate• Diquate

Dentre os mais comercializados, o destaque é para o Paraquate, que tem larga utilização nas lavouras brasileiras.

Em 2016, a quantidade de Glifosato utilizada nas lavouras do país foi de 11.638,19 t de IA.

OS 10 ingredientes ativos mais vendidos - 2016Unidade de medida: toneladas de IA

Ingrediente Ativo Vendas (ton. IA) Ranking

Glifosato e seus sais 185.602,22 1º2,4-D 53.374,41 2ºMancozebe 33.232,94 3ºAtrazina 28.615,70 4ºÓleo mineral 27.801,09 5ºAcefato 24.858,68 6ºÓleo vegetal 17.259,26 7ºCarbendazim 13.364,67 8ºDicloreto de paraquate 11.638,19 9ºImidacloprido 9.165,97 10º

Na tabela abaixo, constam os 10 ingredientes ativos mais vendidos no Brasil:

Fonte: IBAMA / Consolidação de dados fornecidos pelas empresas registrantes de produtos técnicos, agrotóxicos e afins, conforme art. 41 do Decreto n° 4.074/2002Dados atualizados: 16/11/2017

LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA

A Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada da ANVISA – RDC Nº 177, de 21 de setembro

de 2017, determinou a proibição da utilização do Paraquate a partir de 22/09/2020, bem

como, estabeleceu algumas recomendações e exigências para sua comercialização até a

data em que se tornará proibido no território nacional.

Seguem abaixo os índices monográficos do Paraquate e do Diquate, através dos

quais são estabelecidos os LMR (Limites Máximos de Resíduos) nas diversas culturas em

que são aplicados:

Culturas LMR (mg/kg) Intervalo de Segurança

Algodão 0,2 7 dias

Arroz 0,5 7 dias

Banana 0,05 1 dia

Batata 0,2 (1)

Café 0,05 7 dias

Cana-de-açúcar 0,1 7 dias

Citros 0,05 1 dia

Feijão 0,05 (1)

Maçã 0,05 1 dia

Milho 0,1 7 dias

Soja 0,1 7 dias

Trigo 0,01 (1)

Uso agrícola: autorizado conforme indicado.

Modalidade de emprego: aplicação em pós-emergência das plantas infestantes nas culturas de algodão, arroz, banana, batata, café, cana-de-açúcar, citros, feijão, maçã, milho, soja e trigo.

ÍNDICE MONOGRAFICO NOME

P01 PARAQUATE

ÍNDICE MONOGRAFICO NOME

D21 DIQUATE

Uso agrícola: autorizado conformeindicado.

Modalidade de emprego: Aplicação em pós-emergência das plantas infestantes nas culturas de algodão, beterraba, café, cebola, citros, feijão, girassol, milho, pêssego e soja.

Aplicação como dessecante das culturas de arroz, batata, feijão e soja.

Culturas LMR (mg/kg) Intervalo deSegurança

Algodão 0,01 (1)

Arroz 0,2 7 dias

Batata 0,2 7 dias

Beterraba 0,1 1 dia

Café 0,1 16 dias

Cebola 0,1 1 dia

Citros 0,02 14 dias

Feijão 0,5 7 dias

Feijão 0,5 7 dias

Girassol 0,01 (1)

Milho 0,01 (1)

Pêssego 0,02 14 dias

Soja 0,2 (1)

Soja 0,2 7 dias

LEGISLAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL

O CODEX Alimentarius é a referência mundial para os limites de tolerância para Resíduos de Pesticidas.

No que se refere aos dessecantes abordados nesta apresentação, o CODEX estabelece os seguintes LMR para as mais diversas culturas:

057 - ParaquatFunctional class: Herbicide

Commodity MRLYear of

AdoptionSymbol

Almond hulls 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible

peel0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Berries and other small fruits 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Citrus fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2006

Cotton seed 2 mg/Kg 2006

Edible offal (mammalian) 0.05 mg/Kg 2006

Eggs 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Fruiting vegetables other than cucurbits 0.05 mg/Kg 2006

Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits 0.02 mg/Kg 2006

Hops, Dry 0.1 mg/Kg 2006

Leafy vegetables 0.07 mg/Kg 2006

Maize 0.03 mg/Kg 2006

Maize flour 0.05 mg/Kg 2006

Maize fodder (dry) 10 mg/Kg 2006 dry wt

(*): At or about the limit of determination.

dry wt: Dry Weight.

Meat (from mammals other than marine

mammals)0.005 mg/Kg 2006

Milks 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Pome fruits 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Poultry meat 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Poultry, Edible offal of 0.005 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Pulses 0.5 mg/Kg 2006

Rice 0.05 mg/Kg 2010

Rice straw and fodder, Dry 0.05 mg/Kg 2010

Root and tuber vegetables 0.05 mg/Kg 2006

Sorghum 0.03 mg/Kg 2006

Sorghum straw and fodder, Dry 0.3 mg/Kg 2006 dry wt

Soya bean fodder 0.5 mg/Kg 2006 dry wt

Stone fruits 0.01 mg/Kg 2006 (*)

Sunflower seed 2 mg/Kg 2006

Table Olives 0.1 mg/Kg 2006

Tea, Green, Black (black, fermented and dried) 0.2 mg/Kg 2006

031 - DiquatFunctional class: Herbicide

Commodity MRLYear of

AdoptionSymbol Note

Banana 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Barley 5 mg/Kg 1999

Beans (dry) 0.2 mg/Kg 1999

Cajou (pseudofruit) 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Cashew apple 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Cashew nut 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Citrus fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Coffee beans 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Edible offal (mammalian) 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)

Eggs 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)

Fruiting vegetables other than cucurbits 0.01 mg/Kg 2014 (*)(except sweetcorn, fungi and mushrooms)

Lentil (dry) 0.2 mg/Kg 1999

Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals)

0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)

Milks 0.01 mg/Kg 1999 (*)

Oats 2 mg/Kg 1999

Pea hay or pea fodder (dry) 50 mg/Kg 2014

Peas (dry) 0.3 mg/Kg 2014

Pome fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Potato 0.1 mg/Kg 2014

Poultry meat 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)

Poultry, Edible offal of 0.05 mg/Kg 1999 (*)

Rape seed 1.5 mg/Kg 2014

Soybean (dry) 0.3 mg/Kg 2014

Stone fruits 0.02 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Strawberry 0.05 mg/Kg 2014 (*)

Sunflower seed 0.9 mg/Kg 2014

Wheat 2 mg/Kg 1999

Wheat bran, Unprocessed 2 mg/Kg 1999

Wheat flour 0.5 mg/Kg 1999

Wheat wholemeal 2 mg/Kg 1999

(*): At or about the limit of determination.

RECLAMAÇÃO DA EUROPA EM 2016

Em 2016, através de comunicado da GAFTA, The Grain and Feed Trade Association, o

mercado Brasileiro tomou conhecimento sobre a possibilidade de cargas de farelo de soja do Brasil

com limites de Paraquate acima do máximo estabelecido pela Europa (0,02 mg/kg).

31 - August - 2016

To: All Members No.GN/2016/278

Dear Members,

Trade Alert: Possible Marginal Exceedences of Paraquat levels in Soybeans and Products from Brazil to

EU and request for data

Paraquat: is a herbicide legally used in North and South America on several crops including soybeans. It may

be applied on soybeans before harvest (as a harvest aid or desiccant). It is not authorised in the EU and a Maximum Residue Level (MRL) of 0.02 mg/kg is app lied in the EU

COCERAL have informed that it is likely there have been some MRL exceedences relating to paraquat

residues detected in products derived from Brazilian soybeans imported into EU.

A (possible) marginal exceedence of the level of paraquat residues in soybean products derived from soybeans imported from Brazil has been detected in the EU

Both authorities and operators carried out monitoring on different consignments of Brazilian soybeans and derived products and similar results found. Sector faced with variability and uncertainty around testing and sampling due to different technical capacities of labs and need to ensure harmonised approach and EU Guidance documents adhered to and calerer application of the measurement of uncertainty and its guidance.

There is no information on the level of paraquat in imported meals from Brazil and /or levels in soybeans or soybean products from other geographies, but at this point it is simply to alert members to the current situation

COCERAL and FEDIOL are requesting a meeting with the European Commission. It is expected that this issue

could be discussed at the next Regulatory Committee meeting scheduled on the 22nd of September with member

states. Please can members provide in confidence any data available o n paraquat test results to help the case and find a quick solution.

We will continue to keep members informed of developments.

Na sequência, em 2/9/2016, foi realizada reunião em Bruxelas na qual participaram:

COCERAL - Comité du Commerce des céréales, aliments du bétail, oléagineux, huile d'olive, huiles et graisses et agrofournitures.

FEDIOL - The federation representing the European Vegetable Oil and Protein meal Industry in Europe.

FEFAC - The European Feed Manufacturers’ Federation

SYNGENTA

Segue resumo da reunião:

COCERAL Internal note Brussels 5 September 2016Meeting with Syngenta on Paraquat2 September 2016

Short minutes

COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC met with a Syngenta representative to exchange on the issue of paraquat in soybeans.

Without disclosing company-sensitive information, COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC gave Syngenta an outline of the situation at stake.

Syngenta shared the following information:

Paraquat being off patent since years, it is marketed in several Third Countries not only by Syngenta.Paraquat is used in 3 different agronomic practices:

Pre-emergence weed control(before sowing) – no detectable residues;Inter-row weed control – no detectable residues;Desiccant – it may lead to detectable residues above the 0.02 mg/kg MRL even if Paraquat is used in full compliancewith the label indications (this was confirmed by Syngenta as a known structural characteristic of the substance);

As regards the major soybean-producing countries, Paraquat is authorised in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Nigeria, Paraguay, South Africa, Uganda, USA. Syngenta sells Paraquat in all of them except China and Uganda. However, where Syngenta sells Paraquat, its products represent less than 50% of the market, whilst the major part is represented by generic products.

The Codex MRL for Paraquat in soybean is 0.5 mg/kg, the EU MRL is 0.02 mg/kg, the Brazil MRL is 0.1 mg/kg, the USA MRL is 0.7 mg/kg, the Australia MRL is 1 mg/kg and Japan MRL is 0.1 mg/kg.

It is the first time in 16 years that Syngenta is reported an MRL exceedance with Paraquat. It has never been notified before in the global register system.

According to Syngenta, one of the substitutes for Paraquat is Diquat. However: It is much more expensive than Paraquat thus farmers around the world are not always keen on use it.

It could also be an issue in the EU since its re-authorisation is under discussion and the Commission proposed its withdrawal.

COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC asked if Syngenta would be supportive for an Import Tolerance (IT) application, in case it would be confirmed that it is not an isolated case.

Syngenta is not in the position to reply now, but tentatively it seemed that they may not be interested in, especially in absence of evidence of a problem with the present MRL.

All parties involved expressed the surprise for this case happening now, since nothing from a regulatory point of view has recently changed.

Action points:

COCERAL and FEDIOL to continue gathering data on the situation in order to understand whether it is an isolated case / specific problem with Brazilian consignments or a more general issue.

Following the mapping exercise, to reconvene with Syngenta and better discuss the possibility to ask for an IT.

Syngenta to verify if they can share with operators the specific method of analysis to detect Paraquat (which they have used in their different dossiers with EFSA).

Syngenta to verify if they have any GAP guidance document for the use of Paraquat (that could be distributed to soybean farmers in Brazil by Syngenta and COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC Brazilian counterparts)

Exportações Brasileiras – Soja em grãos

PORTOSANTOS

PARANAGUÁ

RIO GRANDE

SÃO LUIS/ITAQUI/P.D.M.

SÃO FRANCISCO DO SUL

VITORIA

ITACOATIARA

BARCARENA

SANTAREM

IMBITUBA

ARATU/COTEGIPE

ILHEUS

TMIB - BARRA DOS COQUEIROS / SERGIPE

SANTANA

TOTAL

2017 201616.569.399 14.529.389

11.279.090 7.922.307

12.394.220 9.283.275

6.034.221 3.821.835

5.008.544 4.020.201

3.832.478 2.803.020

2.108.687 1.922.468

4.442.135 2.245.546

1.910.853 1.594.396

989.852 1.058.877

2.923.026 1.246.547

92.699 61.820

- 20.581

34.000 -

67.619.202 50.530.261

JANEIRO / DEZEMBRO

Estado US$ FOB Volume (Ton)

MATO GROSSO 1.964.245.243 5.220.410

PARANA 1.081.919.722 3.211.238

GOIAS 713.896.353 2.054.308

RIO GRANDE DO SUL 635.656.050 2.048.532

BAHIA 298.254.951 945.638

MATO GROSSO DO SUL 110.790.748 327.202

MINAS GERAIS 106.399.538 183.808

SAO PAULO 46.084.422 136.191

MARANHAO 8.963.350 27.500

PIAUI 3.921.149 11.801

SANTA CATARINA 2.901.442 9.528

TOCANTINS 229.830 687

PARA 68.549 215

Total Acumulado 4.973.331.347 14.177.057

Exportação Brasileira – Farelo de Soja

Fonte: ALICEWEB/MDIC

EXPORTAÇÃO BRASILEIRA UNIÃO EUROPEIA

SEMENTES E FRUTOS

OLEAGINOSOS,GRÃOS,SEMENTES,ETC.

2017 (JAN/DEZ)

2016(JAN/DEZ)

2017/2016(JAN-DEZ)

ValorUS$ FOB

ValorUS$ FOB

Var. relUS$ %

2.032.803.270 2.029.901.073 0,14

Com exceção do mercado Europeu (LMR = 0,02 mg/kg), para todos os demais destinos o LMR Brasileiro de

0,1 mg/kg para o Paraquate, está enquadrado em todas as especificações, inclusive a estabelecida pelo CODEX.

A COCERAL continua monitorando as cargas Brasileiras de Soja e subprodutos por ocasião da chegada dos

navios em portos Europeus, notadamente o farelo de soja.

A detecção de resíduos de Paraquate poderá ensejar a paralização do comércio com a Europa, bem como,

iniciar um processo de controle de resíduos, cujas consequências são imprevisíveis e que, certamente, impactarão as

exportações, com prejuízos para toda a cadeia do Complexo Soja Brasileiro.

CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS

Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 1656 – 8 andar – Conjunto 8A.Jardim Paulistano – São Paulo – SP.Tels.: (11) 3039-5599 - 3039-5597

Pedro Matos