encontros design gráfico

7/21/2019 Encontros Design Grfico

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C{pso TCgeCo dk dkseig ipaeCo F{io Hgt{gks


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C{pso TCgeCo dk dkseig ipaeCo F{io Hgt{gks Zpoa' HConZHgfHgTk Moo tkevkepH

M{gfo 0::5


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hiphdkcenkgtos

Zhh h lh`h d zmc a chl h hmdh d zhchn d c, cld hl za'

X hhdc n zn lh h n za hcnzhfh Mth &cdhd d c% z d hz dhd h l d nh ccz hh d ' Xh dhch h nh d 0 h zhn n zhzl adhnhl h hlh d h hcdhd' H za.

M Dlhd, zlh h dz`ldhd zhh hl n hlnh hcdhd hz h h cch, Chhh Nhdh zlh hmdh dhdh n hl zmc,th Nhcfhd zl hz zhd h lh`h d lh' H n cl.h d nh, h hlh phahl Nh, Hd Nhhlf, C Hl, edg`, th Cfh Zhch olh' H d clh d c, zax hhdc dh dz`ldhd h l d nz'

Zhph ghle}hp x{kpeh hiphdkckp hos a{gceogpeos k depkctopks dh kscolh zklh

hmdh zhczh, dhchd s' M Ahd, s' Hnd Ahd,Dh' Hlhdh Cfh D Nhlh in zlh hmdh zhdh h dh. , xcd h hmdh zhdh zl s' L Zh s' ZhlZh h ccz d hlnh hcdhd'

H d n c `hd'


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gdeck


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1

ZpoqH Dk HZteDo ZpoAesseogHL ksCoLH ZpoAesseogHL Dk @pHiH

F{io Hgt{gks C{pso tCgeCo Dk Dkseig ipAeCo

gdeck

egtpod{o==9ozpomkctohzpkskgthos{npehdozpomkcto ==8:

`pekaegi== 88

zlhgkhnkgtodozpomkcto== 80

zlhgeaechodokqkgto== 83

loio

cogckzodoloio== 89pkiphsdk{tele}ho==0:hzlechks== 03

enhiknz{`lecetpehchpth}8== 05

chpth}0== 3:

alukp== 30

`loi== 34

`hggkp== 3;

seghltech== 39

gegk0aeqkcogckzodoloio== 43

hzlechks== 44

enhiknz{`lecetpeh== 45

zlhgodkdeq{liho==;8

hcteqedhdks

gegk0aeqk== ;;

yopbsfozsskpeiphaeh==;1cegknh4dst{deo==;9`hgdhdkskgfhdh==;6chptoogesno==;5kdeo

dk

qdko

==1:

egecehoaotoiphaeh==18

tkptlehstcgechkcpehteqedhdkghaotoiphaehzopdhgeklchnhcfo==10dkseigipaecogon{gdodostvtkes==13`d cpehozoph{topktph`hlfozopkgconkgdh==14aotoiphaehdkkqkgtos==1;nktodoloiehzpomkct{hlkndkseigipaeco==11el{stphocekgtaech==19doiphaaetehodkseig==16

kvzoseks0gddi==15olfhpksso`pkockgtpodhcedhdk==9:chpecht{phs==98`hgdhdkskgfhdh==90el{stphocekgtaech==93hptkdkp{h==94

o{tphshcteqedhdkshzpkskgtho 0gddi==9;iphaaete . conknophodos3;hgosdo0;dkh`pel==91

dkszoptosdkp{h==99

pkqesth==95qdko==60setk==64cogcl{so==69


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egtpod{o


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6



Egtpod{o

H zpkskgtk Zpoqh dk Hztedo Zposseoghl aoe klhòphdh ski{egdo os tkpnos dh Zopthpeh ;;:C/0::4 dk 08 dkNheo dk 0::4'

Os Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig @phih aoe h kvzpksso x{k kgcogtpke zhph dkgep o tknh dh negfh ZHZ k s{pie{ dhcdhd d zn c zh h cndhd lchl'

k nh hz nh ch cn cdhd d c , dd l n , zx c.d x hl n nzh zhh cndhd d d, hzh, cl nzhh zhhtodos os x{k sk egtkpksshn zklh pkh' Zhph nen cogstet{epeh {n dksho k {nh kvzkpegceh x{k zkpnetepeh dkskgqol.qkp conzktgcehs zposseoghes, cogthcthp con egstet{eks, dkseigkps k aopnhdopks, coopdkghp {nh iphgdk kx{ezh,zkpnetegdo.nk dkskgqolqkp conzktgcehs egtklkct{hes k zposseoghes'

o n cn zczh `mc dlh c, h clh cnzlnhd h anh dldhh kZ@' Zd . hn`n x h zhh zn d m dh cndhd lchl2 dlh h`hlfdos hl{gos k apkklhgckps s knzpkshs, aonkgthgdo h s{h egtkphco k zponoqkp zkx{kghs aopnhks'

X{hgto nktodoloieh dkstk tph`hlfo/zpomkcto, oztke zklh opihge}ho k pkhle}ho do kqkgto m dkscpeto, `kncn h zch nhn, nh x cd x hn hzc adhnh h c d nn' Hzpenkeph ahsk cogseste{ gh zlhgecho k opihge}ho dk edkehs zhph h zostkpeop pkhle}ho dk hcteqedhdks' G{nhdh ah, ahn clfdh h hcdhd h hlh c. nlhhn h cdh d zmcd hl d d h d c x chn h h h d ' gh ah , a a .gi zhph o kqkgto k zhph h s{h enhikn' Tkpneghdo o `pekgi, egeceke os cogthctos con hs knzpkshs x{k zodkpehn

clh`h zmc' s. h ccz dh nhn zhh '

Zh h hzh, d nh anh ch h chldhh=

Gh pkhle}ho dkstk zpomkcto zpkceske dh colhòpho dk kszhos zhph kvzoseks, cogqkpshs, zhlkstphs kyopbsfozs, aoe thn`n gkcksspeo h colhòpho dk zposseoghes zhph h pkhle}ho dk yopbsfozs k zhph hs kvzo.seks'

kLkgCo Dk tHpkAHs CHLkgDHpe}Ho

@pekgi gn`

Ahlh dh nhn &lz% 5 d Mh

D Z`lc A

ln zn d 09 d Nh

phlh d H`l

Zhh dh h 00 d Nh


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ozpomkcto


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8:



Hzpkskgtho s{npeh do zpomkcto

H cogckzo dk Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco tkqk opeikn gh cpeho dk {nh pkqesth dk Dkseig x{k, knòph aos.sk {nh edkeh zo{co qhih, zpozopceoghp.nk.eh {n dksho x{k iosthpeh dk qeqkp' Hzs dk`htk k desc{sso dk edkehscon o coopdkghdop hch`hnos zop kgcogtphp {n tknh nhes cogcpkto k dkgedo, skgdo.nk kgto s{ikpedo x{k opih.ge}hssk {n kqkgto, pkcpehgdo hs Mopghdhs dk Dkseig Ipco x{k dkcoppkphn kn H`pel do lteno hgo lkcteqo' Kstkzpomkcto cogseste{ kn tps dehs dkdechdos ho c{pso, conzlknkgto dh aopnho hdx{epedh gos tps hgos c{ppec{lhpks,con yopbsfozs, zhlkstphs k kvzoseks, o x{hl sk dknhpco{ zklo kgt{sehsno k iph{ dk zhptecezho'

Hssen, cogm{gthnkgtk con o coopdkghdop do c{pso, egeceke h zlhgecho dk {n zpomkcto gh aopnh dk kqkgto kx h x nhch h clh h cndhd lchl' Z c lccn xh nhc hcdhd xcogstet{epehn h kssgceh dos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco'

o nh dh chh, dd c, c.n , nh l nh zzch chl zc` x hqe}egfhqh {n hgo dk n{eto tph`hlfo, x{k tegfh {n iphgdk dksho zklh apkgtk' Cono conzkgsho, sk o zpomkctosk pkhle}hssk chpeh con {nh iphgdk nhpch go nk{ c{ppc{lo, x{k epeh deigechp h negfh aopnho gh KZ@ k h`peph zh zhh nd hchl d nchd d h`hlf h h d d cnch'

Con o zpomkcto kn nos, kph zpkceso dkgep o`mkcteqos k hcteqedhdks, zhph thl conkcke zop ah}kp {nh zksx{eshzop kqkgtos dh pkh, con h ghledhdk dk pk{gep edkehs zhph o tph`hlfo . zpomkcto'

Dkzoes dh zksx{esh, aoe hlt{ph dk dkgep os o`mkcteqos do kqkgto, x{k skpehn=. Cogtpe`{ep zhph h zponoo do Dkseig, htphqs dh zponoo dk zkx{kghs aopnhks, opihge}ho/pkhle}ho

dk kvzoseks2

. Cnzlnh h anh dldh h kZ@ h h d d cn d`h ` dh nch ddkseig htphqs dh colhòpho/hzoeo dk zhpckepos kvtkpgos2

H ahsk ski{egtk, skpeh dkgep hs hcteqedhdks' Gksth hlt{ph aoe.nk deto x{k epeh tph`hlfhp con o hct{hl ski{gdohgo, zoes klks pkhle}hpehn zpomkctos zhph hzpkskgthp go kqkgto, thes cono= skpeiphh, aotoiphh o{ el{stpho'

H zh dh hzh, x cdh zmc h hlh zlh nh adh hcnzhfhd zl Za' MZhl th' ec, n nl, d zc d zcfn c d dcnh xdhzlh clh, nhdhn h hzh d x h h nfh ZHZ hcnzhfhdh d chnh dh hlhdh nksnh k do `pekgi do zpomkcto' Hnòs os doc{nkgtos aophn kgtpki{ks ghs dhths kstez{lhdhs zklh depkcod c'


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88



@pekaegi

kgX{hdphnkgto=k zmc c n hh n d D lchl &n @hh%, mhn cn h ch d dh

h s{h enhikn ipch'

o`mkcteqos=o n cn zczh `mc dlh c h clh cnzlnh h anh dldh

h kZ@' kzh. hn`n x h zhh zn d m dh cndhd2 dlh h`hlf d hl.gos s knzpkshs2 dhp h cogfkckp os tph`hlfos dhs knzpkshs k apkklhgckps2 zponoqkp zkx{kghs aopnhks2 pkhle}hpkvzoseks k {nh akeph dk dkseig'

z`leco.hlqo=O z`leco.hlqo dkstk kqkgto hs knzpkshs dh pkieo k moqkgs kn egceo dk aopnho'

dhth=X{hgto s{h chlkgdhpe}ho, pkhle}hp.sk. go ns dk H`pel, d{phgtk d{hs sknhghs k skp h`kpto con{gedh .

d'

enhikn=. O`mkcteqos= Pklhteqhnkgtk enhikn zpktkgdk.sk x{k skmh egoqhdoph, cogtknzopgkh k h{tgtech' Dkqk kv.

zh dhnn, cnz, xhldhd ch h lh cn h h h`dhdh = d,y`d h cnzh'

.S{zoptks= gkcksspeo klh`ophp {nh chnzhgfh z{`lecetpeh, skgdo h deq{liho aketh con zklo nkgos tpssknhghs dk hgtkckdgceh' Go ngeno dkqk skp aketo {n chpth} &H3, H0 k H8%, {n ukp con o zpoiphnh, seghltech,ckptechdos'

Zhph ghle}hp o zpomkcto, zpktkgdk.sk x{k skmh kdethdh {nh pkqesth so`pk o kqkgto &deiethl o{ enzpkssh hegdh hdkgep%, {n qdko k {n setk, tkgdo cono ghledhdk pkzopthikn do kqkgto'

deaec{ldhdks=H iphgdk dec{ldhdk dkstk zpomkcto tkp x{k coopdkghp {nh kx{ezh deqkpsechdh, conzosth zklh t{pnh do 0

hgo dk D'I', x{k kst h opihge}hp/cogck`kp hcteqedhdks zhph pkhle}hp go kqkgto' Pklhteqhnkgtk hos kszhos/lois.tech o kqkgto dkcoppkp kn loches/kszhos dk ght{pk}h, c{lt{phes k conkpcehes'

Hs enzpkssks tkpo x{k skp akeths gh enzpkssoph dh kscolh, lenethgdo pklhteqhnkgtk o gqkl dk x{hledhdk'


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80



Zlhgkhnkgto do zpomkcto

Cogcl{do o zpocksso tcgeco . hdnegestphteqo, aoe gkcksspeo conkhp h zlhgechp o kqkgto, pk{gep edkehs, zpkzh.h hcdhd, zh h nlf anh zhh hhh cn `mc dlhd cn c'

Zkphgtk kstks ahctopks aoe ksskgcehl egecehp {nh zksx{esh x{k tegfh cono ghledhdk pktephp edkehs zhph hcteqedh.d nd d zl c'

H zxh dh ah a dcchdh zhh chh d , dd chh cn nn nzhc hchh cn nzhc nh' kc nh hd hdhd d d xh zh h ch nzl= elfhdkseig 0::6, TNDI,Qekggh Dkseig Ykkb'

Gh dkgeo dhs hcteqedhdks k gh s{h pkhle}ho aoe a{gdhnkgthl h colh`opho do coopdkghdop dk c{pso k dhhct{hl t{pnh do 0 hgo &t{pnh 0::9/0:8:%' Hssen, hzs tpoch egaopnhl dk edkehs, set{hks dk dk`htk k desc{ssoso`pk o egtkpkssk dk egecehteqhs h egcl{ep gos KDI k, go zkpdkgdo o skgtedo dos o`mkcteqos s{`mhckgtks ho zpomkc. n x, h xzh d h`hlf, lcc h hcdhd=

yopbsfozs. Skpeiphh. El{stpho cekgtech. Aotoiphh &lh`ophtpeo%. Tezoiphh

. Dkseig ipco zhph tvtkes

kvzoseks.Chchh.Aotoiphh deiethl k hghliech.Df d `h.N{phl dk iphate &hgenho con

dz hdch%.El{stpho cekgtch.Dkseig tvtel.@hdh dfhdh.Kvzoseo aotoipch.Ch.Chchh.Dkseig tvtel.@hdh dfhdh

o{tphs hcteqedhdks.iz d d h ch n z.mkcto ipco kn 6 fophs &con zp.neo ;:: . con kgqolqenkgto dhsnzh%. Hzpkskgthks dk zpomkctos

nksh pkdogdh. Nd d ch h`hlf nDkseig Ipco


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83



deh86:5':: . 89':: == gegk0qk . 6 fophs dk conzkteo cpehteqh zhph dkseigkps ipcos Lochl= KZ@

== Kvzoseo dk @D SkcogdDI . do moqkn `phchpkgsk Zfelezzk Tegh &hl{go do 0 DI% Lochl= ZK@

deh0:8:'4; == Hzpkskgtho dhs zpozosths dh conzkteo gegk0qk Lochl= KZ@

84'3: == Lhghnkgto dh kvzoseoOlfhpks so`pk o ckgtpo dh cedhdk dk qpeos hl{gos do c{pso Lochl= @e`leotkch Lceo Cphqkepo dh Selqh

08':: == Tkptleh= Tcgech k cpehteqedhdk gh aotoiphh con Dhgekl Chnhcfo Lochl= AGHC

deh08:5'3: . 88'3: == Yopbsfoz dk Skpeiphh zop Npeo D{hptk k L{s Qelhh &hl{gos do 0 DI% Lochl= KZ@

84':: . 89':: == Tkptleh= O dkseig ipco go n{gdo dos tvtkes con Zkdpo Zegto Lochl= KZ@

0:':: == Yopbsfoz dk Tkvt{pe}ho k zegt{ph tpedenkgseoghl zop Knhg{kl Akppkeph Lochl= KZ@

deh008:':: == Lhghnkgto dk kvzoseo dk @hgdh Dkskgfhdh dk qpeos h{topks zopt{i{ksks Lochl= KZ@

88':: == Kvzoseo dk chpecht{phs do moqkn `phchpkgsk Pechpdo Coklfo &hl{go do 0 DI% Lochl= KZ@

83'3: . 89'3: == Yopbsfoz dk @hgdh Dkskgfhdh zop Zkdpo Hlqks Lochl= KZ@

86':: == SkcogdDI . Hzpkskgtho z`lech dk c{pths festpehs kn @D do moqkn `phchpkgsk Zfellezzk Tegh &hl{.go do 0 DI% Lochl= 8:: Ziegh

08':: == Tkptleh= @hgdh Dkskgfhdh . H cpeho zop h{top k o tph`hlfo zop kgconkgdh con Zkdpo Hlqks Lochl=AgHC

Zlhgeaecho do kqkgto


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84



deh03:5'3: . 80':: == Yopbsfoz dk Chptoogesno zop Zkdpo Hlqks Lochl= KZ@

:5'3: . 80':: == Tkptleh= Aotoiphh dk kqkgtos con qpeos aotiphaos dk @phih Lochl= KZ@

84'3: . 89':: == Yopbsfoz dk Kdeo dk qdko zop Akpghgdo Zkpkeph Lochl= [N

08':: == Tkptleh= Ntodos dk tph`hlfo kn dkseig ipco con Moo Lo{pkepo Lochl= Qklfh.h.@phgch

deh04:5'3: . 80':: == Tkptleh= El{stpho cekgtch con Aelezk Aphgco Lochl= KZ@

84':: == Kvzoseo dk tph`hlfos dk el{stpho cekgtch dkskgqolqedos zop Aelezh Oleqkeph &hl{gh do 0 DI% Lochl=kZ@

84'3: . 89':: == Yopbsfoz dk Egeceho aotoiphh zop G{go Selqh k Nhpco Pospeo &hl{gos do 0 DI% Lochl=kZ@

deh0;8:'3: == Hzpkskgtho dk n{phl dk iphate conknophteqo dos 3; hgos do 0; dk H`pel Lochl= KZ@84':: == Hzpkskgtho dh kvzoseo so`pk Hptk dk P{h dk G{go Selqh &hl{go do 0 DI% Lochl= N{sk{ D' Deoio

d sh

84'3: . 89':: == Tkptleh= Do iphate ho dkseig con Dhgekl Qekeph Lochl= N{sk{ D' Deoio dk So{sh

89'0: == Dkszoptos dk p{h Lochl= N{sk{ D' Deoio dk So{sh



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8;



Zhh h clfh dh nhh n h hl `mc d zmc, nhdhn h zh c.ndhd lchl dlh dh kZ@'

Hssen, H`pel skpeh {n kvcklkgtk ns zhph h deq{liho do c{pso k dh kscolh k coegcedegdo con o zkpodo dk

zponoo dh KZ@ go kvtkpeop' H sknhgh 86 h 0; skpeh h edkhl dkstk ns k cogipkihpeh dehs gos x{hes kph enzop.thgtk h zpkskgh dos KDI= does S`hdos, skgdo {n dklks o 0; dk H`pel, deh sklkcceoghdo zhph akcfhp o kqkgto,zl n`ln fc x hd, hzc, h cxh zlh L`dhd' Cn h and hsseghlhdh con deqkpshs conknophks c{lt{phes, socehes k hptstechs, dkcedenos nhpchp o deh con {n N{phl conk.nophteqo do nksno' Dk aopnh h cogipkihp o{tphs nhgeaksthks hptstechs, x{kp zhph hsseghlhp o Deh dh Le`kpdhdk,x{kp zhph akcfhp o KDI zponoqknos, hegdh, d{phgtk kssk deh Hptks k Dkszoptos dk P{h'

X{hgto ho s`hdo, deh 86 zpoc{php.sk.eh enzlknkgthp Conzkteo dk Dkseig, {nh qk} x{k tegfh dk skp g{ndh hcl cndhd clh, z h cnz fh cn `mc hh zhczh dh clh ahcldhd' Dhch. x nn dh h h h`h dh Ah d L d @hh d KDI nhpchphn zpkskgh con {nh kvzoseo dk @hgdh Dkskgfhdh'

o dh nhh a zhdh d anh h x a chdh nh ddhd d hcdhd, cclhd hnnh d nd h ch dh zhh chdh nch, dz`ldhd d cdhd d zh x h`l.ckphn zhpckpehs zhph h pkhle}ho dk hcteqedhdks' Con esto nhgtkp.sk. o egtkpkssk do z`leco, egtkpgo k kvtkpgo,cpehgdo {nh n{ltezlecedhdk ozks dk zhptecezho' O cpetpeo x{k kstkqk zpkskgtk gh kscolfh dos qpeos loches dkhct{ho, ep zkpnetep h hdkso zop zhptk dk {n z`leco nhes hlhpihdo k deqkpsechdo'



16/168

loio


17/168

89



Cogckzo do loio

Con o `pekgi aketo, h opihge}ho k zlhgecho do kqkgto h pkhle}hp.sk, aoe hlt{ph dk egecehp h cpeho do loite.zo zhph o kqkgto' H cpeho do loitezo aoe dhs ahsks nhes enzopthgtks dk todhs ksths kthzhs, zoes dkgk h enhiknx{k hs zkssohs zodkpo hssocehp hos KDI' Zhph thl, aophn c{nzpedos os zhssos dh nktodoloieh zpomkct{hl, aoeah nh zxh z lz d d nn &h zh dh zxh a nh zdh, zx mtegfh pkakpgcehs dh zksx{esh hgtkpeop%, zpoc{pke thn`n kn setks x{k hipkihn &dkdechdos% sonkgtk h loitezos'[nh qk} x{k o loio tegfh cono o`mkcteqo pkzpkskgthp {n kqkgto dk dkseig ipco, tkp.nk.eh dk eg{kgcehp zop loi.z achd, zhh cc`'

g n z d h, d x, lhhn d h nlf l zhhh z ch, nzl.n n l, zhh zn x h zh nnhn n , zn zd zh zhhseilhs x{k zkpnetesskn o pkcogfkcenkgto k h edkgtecho dh egecehteqh'

O loio tkpeh x{k nostphp/kvzpksshp ho x{k o kqkgto sk dksteghqh' Zkgske zhph thl kvknzlechp chdh zhlhqph dokqkgto go loitezo, zop esso conkcke zop tph`hlfhp zklh zhlhqph kgcogtpos k egdo ho kgcogtpo dkssk cogcketo={tele}ke legfhs dk chnegfos/nhzhs zhph aopnhp hs lktphs do loitezo' Zpoc{pke thn`n cpehp chnegfos kn pkdop dogonk, zhph x{k o nksno sk tphgsi{phssk cono o ckgtpo, o zogto dk kgcogtpo dkssks chnegfos'

Ah h zxh, h c. zhzl h dh xtegfhn chdo gh ch`kh, ah}kgdohcf, hd z`ldhdk hghleshgdo hs nklfopks ozks'Dcd x h nhn h n. n lz &cn n z .%, z zlh zxh zc` xkqkgtos cogfkcedos/zpksteiehdos x lhhn n`l lh'


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86



Cogckzo do loio

gh ch d l z n zlch hl hl d d x n ahn cd h l d c'o hl hd lz , h nzlcdhd, `mcdhd achldhd , zhh x d nh anhsenzlks k clhph lksskn Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco, dkcede {tele}hp {n tezo dk lktph skn skpeahs, go, senzlks kdk acel lket{ph zhph x{k dk {nh aopnh s{cegth kvzpksshssk dkseig' Dkssh aopnh, zksx{eske kn setks dk t ezoiphhzhph kgcogtphp tezos con hs chphctkpstechs x{k zkgske zhph o loio' Ho n dh zksx{esh kgcogtpke {n cogm{gto dkaogtks x{k sk zodkpehn kgx{hdphp' Dkzoes dk {nh sklkco zklos pkc{psos pkcolfedos, oztke zklo Lhgk Ghppoy,h x xhdhh nlf cnzfh h nfh zchh' k, clfd z d lh zh zhhh cpeho deiethl do loio {tele}hgdo hs edkehs x{k teqk kn zhzkl, {shgdo h akpphnkgth Hdo`k Ell{stphtop CS3' Ho nd hl hm cf h h '

g l clf nh chlh hl zhh x h zhlhh nh chh zhh n dhx'Zhlhqph kssh, Dkseig, x{k ahp con x{k o loio cfhnk h htkgo do z`leco.hlqo'

Ksth conzoseo ipch kst zpkzhphdh zhph a{gceoghp thgto kn s{zoptks deiethes, cono kn s{zoptks enzpks., z n lfh `hh nzl x dachn n z dh n n z zhzl'

zhlhqph dkseig dke {n iphgdk dksthx{k, skgdo o tknh do kqkgto, kph gkcksspeh kssh pklkqgceh, c{lne .ghgdo thn`n con hli{gs klknkgtos ipcos o gonk conzlkto do kqkgto k o lochl' Zhph kvzpksshp h zhlhqphkgcogtpos {teleke {nh leiho con o s k o e zoes o s tkn c{pqhs x{k gos pknktkn zhph {n chnegfo, chnegfokssk x{k coppkszogdk hs hcteqedhdks do kqkgto x{k qo skp {n tpelfo enzopthgtk zhph os egtkpksshdos go kqkgto'H {geo con o e dkqk.sk ho ahcto dk o e sen`ole}hp hs hcteqedhdks do kqkgto, con o cogcketo dk skp {nh hqkgedh

cn h h hcdhd'

Zhph ah}kp pkakpgceh ho lochl do kqkgto {tele}ke go g {nh pkzpkskgtho do Hpco dh Zopth Goqh x{k {n zogtodk pkakpgceh gh cedhdk kn x{ksto'

H zpegcezhl htphco zhph h kscolfh dkstk tezo zhph o loio aoe h s{h lkqk}h ipch, skgdo kstk {n tezo go, pk .lh, `n dfhd fhnc' kh chhcch ahn cn x l mh lnz, d acl lh, nnkn iphgdks pkd{ks, x{k cogstet{e {n ahctop tedo n{eto kn cogsedkpho gh s{h cogckzo' Kstk ahctop {n dosnh nzh xhd cc` n l, h, nh clchd d zh'


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85



Cogckzo do loio

Zhph h kscolfh dk {n tezo dksth chtkiopeh, {nh dhs ph}ks x{k kstkqk zpkskgtk aoe o ahcto dk kstks t ezos skpknn hd n dhx, n d , l' o x zd cn hchn x fh n hd dhx m dh cndhd @hch'

{l n z n ah zl ahc d h z n nh hchdh md' k z n.pkceh {n iphgdk aoco gkstk loio, qesto x{k iphgdk zhptk do z`leco.hlqo do kqkgto so moqkgs' O{tpo noteqo x{kzh zhh h h clfh a z fhn, x d ca d lh' o h mhl cnzhzpovenh.sk do x{k m aoe deto hgtkpeopnkgtk, {n dos z`lecos.hlqo do kqkgto, cono thn`n zop o kqkgto skp pkckg. & d hlhd zl c%'

gh clfh dh c, n h n n zhh x dhh , cn hl cx nh dhnn , h nn nz dhd' Zhh c a zdd l nhc ah nh c x d d ch nh dnch c'

kn zn lh, clf nh hh d ch, nh c hchdh clh, h a, .dhd, hxldhd, anhldhd, clh, fhnh nhdhd' D nd h cnzlnh l cn nh chlh, a lhdh nh hh d nhh, c h lhdh h, ddch, zh dhln hc dh hlh'

tdh h chhcch ahn dhlhdh hl h zh cn l' Zd x mh{nh zkh a{gdhnkgthl go a{t{po do z`leco.hlqo x{k sk cogseih egc{tep gos kst{dhgtks {s{ap{edopks do kqkgto os

hl zhchd'

Zhph h zhlhqph kgcogtpos k ipco {tele}ke o h}{l zop skp {nh cop hsthgtk lkiqkl k ksths zhlhqphs so hs x{ksoapkn nhes kn pkd{ks' O{tph dhs ph}ks zpkgdk.sk x{ksto dk ksths d{hs zhlhqphs ksthpkn leihdhs m x{khn`hs pkzpkskgthn zopnkgopks do kqkgto &cogcketo k tknh%' Gh zhlhqph dkseig sklkcceogke o nhikgth dhdo x{k h cop x{k cfhnh nhes htkgo, zopthgto colox{ke gh zhlhqph con nhes dksthx{k, con seigechdo dk dkseig h h d &nh%'


20/168

0:



Pkiphs dk [tele}ho . NEQ

Hx{e so hzpkskgthdhs hs hltkphks x{k o loio zodk soapkp so` a{gdos dhs copks egstet{ceoghes'


21/168

08




Hx hzhdh h d nnh h hlh d l'


22/168

00




gh zh zd clhd hmhn x l d '


23/168

03



Hzlechks

chptodkqesethkh a h nhn hdh ch d h, d `mc dh nhn d , h nzlcdhd h

`mcdhd'

apkgtk

qkpso


24/168

04



Hzlechks

H ch dh nhn zhh c x d hcd cn hnhn chdh zhh ' Dhaopnh, cpeke {nh `hpph h}{l&cop dk.dh zhh l% d lhd xd,dhd ah, hcdhd, xh l h c' Zhh cnzl.h h dh l z Lh. Ghppoy {n tezo x{k tphgsnetk ks

. nn hl, xhl a hdzhh h ch d l' o c aaketo dk aopnh h x{k hcteqedhdk chs.sk con hzhpgceh egstet{ceoghl'

cogqetk


25/168

0;



Hzlechks

ckpteaechdos

Os ckptechdos aophn klh`ophdos dk aopnh h nhgtkp h enhikn do kqkgto, zkpnetegdo hdhzthks zhph hs deak.pkgtks hcteqedhdks skn n{dhghs go lhuo{t'


26/168

01



Hzlechks

t.sfeptkh .f a chdh zhh dh h ac x hn n zhzl nzh dln d .

, n n dd anhl'


27/168

enhiknz{`lecetpeh


28/168

06



Enhikn Z{`lecetpeh

gh ccz dh nhn z`lch z n dd.lh n dh ah zhh n nh nzhc m dh cn.dhd' Ahn cc`dh d anh cnzlhn dh cn `mc `n da'

H nhn z`lch a zhdh n candhd cn h n`lh d l, achldhd nzlcdhd'Zhph esso, kn todh h enhikn aoe {shdo {n lkttkpegi `hsthgtk senzlks' Zhph egaopnhks ikphes aoe {shdo o tezodk lktph Shgshteog Pki{lhp' Zhph chdh nhcpo.hcteqedhdk &Yopbsfozs, Tkptlehs, Kvzoseks, gegk0qk% aoe{shdo o tezo dk lktph Hpesth 0':'

H l d c, ahn clfdh xh c zhh chdh nhc.hcdhd, anhd nh chlh fhnch ' Zhh cnzln ahn hd d ch, n hl ch ahn lhdh h c d l, h nh.

h dh n hc, nhdhn h h`lh cn zhnh'


29/168

05



Chpth} 8

H znh ah fh cn a dzh h cndhd' C n chh clx. n hlzogtos dk iphgdk qese`eledhdk gh kscolh, ogdk h con{gedhdk zhssh con h apkx{gceh' H egaopnho cogtedh go chp.th} kph kschssh, zhph cpehp kvzkcthteqh m{gto do sk{ z`leco'

Colox{ke senzlksnkgtk o loio do kqkgto k d{hs hpphs con egaopnhks ilo`hes, o ns, h cedhdk k o loi ocehld ' k dhd ahn clchd ` dh `hh ch x zcn chh d n lhd h dchh , xh zdhn cnzhh cn nh hdh n`lhd zc h h h kc d DIpco, os zopnkgopks hegdh zop hlegfhqhp' Aoe {shdo o ceg}h zhph kgx{hdphp con h edkeh dk kstphdh k thn`nzhh ch zd hch ahlh d c' H nhn x xh zhh cn chh d hdh n c, ahlhn zn, lhhd cdhd' td zh n `hc, zhh ah `mc d

chh, hch n nh'


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3:



Chpth} 0

H dh ah dh chnzhfh x hl nh cd, d c cl `hh anhzhh dzh nh hdh h h dh cndhd' Hl zh nh z.h`dch d anh, zhhhn h ah d '

Dke cogteg{edhdk edkeh egecehdh go loio k zhsshdh zhph h ahsk {n' Os Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco cogstet{.hn d chnf, d zc d ch anh da, n dl a d zc dh hh, a n x, nn d nh nhh c n hd zc, zlh ddhd d hcdhdd da h' Cn hl, z n hzhc zhh h nhn z`lch, c chh hh dlegfhs tphmkctpehs &chnegfos/zkpc{psos%' Hs legfhs aophn dkskgfhdhs ikonktpechnkgtk zhph x{k tphgszhpkcksskh `mcdhd anhh d '

Zhh cnzlnh h n`lh x h , an cn h lfh nh ' Dcd lh hnah &dh cn % h nhn, z h hzh chhcch x zdn cnzhhdhh x h zh, d. dh ah, x hnlfh hcdhd d kc d DIpco' H pqopk cpksck h zhptep do loio, ogdk pkck`k h kgkpieh zhph o cpkscenkgto k deqkpsedhdk'

Zhh dc h hcdhd x hn hlh a hdh nh cnzhh cn hn a' Hnhcpo.hcteqedhdks &Kvzoseks, Yopbsfozs, Tkptlehs, gegk0qk% aophn pkzpkskgthdhs htphqs dk phnos htx{k os phnos so h kstp{t{ph dh pqopk nhes aoptk h ski{ep ho tpogco, os x{hes dkzoes sk deqedkn kn ihlfos o{ap{tos, kvhcthnkgtk o x{k hs nhcpo.hcteqedhdks aophn gos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco' Dk ski{edh, ho loio do, c &h d dh h hcdhd% d d hn h nhc.hcdhd d hl ax{k dkszogth do tpogco s{`deqedegdo.sk/pkzpod{}egdo.sk ghs hcteqedhdks os ap{tos do kqkgto'


31/168

38



Chpth} 0

gh zh dh , c a lhd zhh hzh h dhh lchl d ' kh anha clchdh d nh anh dh hzlhh' A chd n chnf d lh cn h dhh lchl d hdh d dh h nhn'

H l d c a clfdh nh chlh fhnch d c dd lhhmh h d, c hchdh h d.ghnesno k c{lt{ph' Zhph Tkptlehs k Kvzoseks {tele}ke does togs dk lhphgmh zop skpkn hs hcteqedhdks x{k skhchn d anh nh h h dhnn, zlh hdhd, nh, lch d hn hlh zlh' Hyopbsfozs k gegk0qk hssoceke os togs dk qkpdk, skgdo hs hcteqedhdks x{k sk dksteghqhn h hdx{epep cogfkcenkg .tos, skmh h gqkl dk cogtkdos o{ dk kvzkpegceh'

Zhh nh cdhd d zn chh, dcd lh nh `hh ch zhh dc dd chh h zh d clh`hd dh hcdhd, nh h nn nz .l cn d ln'


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30



Alukp

Gh hzlecho dh enhikn z{`lecetpeh do chpth} zhph o ukp tkqk x{k skp pkzkgshdh, zoes go zodeh tkp h nksnhdeszoseo qesto x{k go ukp h egaopnho tegfh x{k ksthp g{nh kschlh qes{hl deakpkgtk'

Dcd ch nh h`lh zhh n d , h`lh h x cfh zhnh' g , nh henhikn x{k {ske go chpth} con hli{nhs nodechks= go z{s h dkscpeo dhs hcteqedhdks, colox{ke s h pkakpg.ch dh nhc.hcdhd dh c dh c zch, d dh nhh z ndos phnos, x{k zop s{h qk} chphn h s{zopthp h dhth' Oztke zop esto, zopx{k go ukp epeh tkp o zpoiphnh dkthlfhdo chh d clch h anh h chzh, dh dhx zhh h dhh' o nh h nhnd chh'


33/168

33



Alukp

O qkpso do zpoiphnh aoe cogstp{do con lkttkpegi dkgedo gh enhikn do kqkgto, {tele}hgdo legfhs zecothdhsx{k sk cp{}hqhn kgtpk se, aopnhgdo chnegfos dk leiho kgtpk o deh, h hcteqedhdk k o lochl' Pklhteqhnkgtk sc hdh, ahn h nzhdh l, cn n zchn d c'


34/168

34



@loi

o ch`hlf d `l cn dh `hh, d h dh adh hn' {nh dh `hh a .lhdh zhh clch l, d clchd n hh ` ad hl, czd h hl lhdh h c d nn' A clfdh h c dd h h c nh cal lh, x h nhh, nh nhcfh d c d hnhf, zdh chh hl z`lnh d lh' H dh `hh ahdh zhh h dc dh nhc.hcdhd, nhd h c hdh zn chh, zl nn n'

o `hcbd a chd hh d xhdhd d ch hddhd `z, d nh dn d.dh, chd lf, hchd anh dh `l'

H cpeho do lhuo{t zhph o `loi tkqk cono `hsk h enhikn do zpenkepo chpth}, zhph x{k, dk {nh aopnh senzlks,hiphdqkl k o`mkcteqh, o cogtkdo aossk deq{lihdo'


35/168

3;



@loi

H gqkl dk cogtkdo deqede o loi kn d{hs col{ghs= {nh zhph h colocho dk zosts egaopnhteqos dhs hcteqedhdks h nh zxh zhh h clch dh hcdhd, clh`hd, hh, zhchd cdhd'Chdh c a dddh z lfh hcmhdh' sd h dh d dh h nhn, ahn clchdh cn nhhd l, dhd dh h `l' H nhc.hcdhd ahn clchdh cn h c lhdh chh, nhdhssen h legfh ipch'

gh clh d z, clx l h nhh, d h c d l, ahn hd h ch,cn d dh n h l h `l'

O loi aoe hlomhdo go skpqeo dk lois dh shzo, kn x{k k{ hdhztke hs csss aopgkcedhs zklh shzo, dk aopnh h x{ko `loi chssk cono k{ tegfh edkhle}hdo, senzlks dk cogs{lthp k ski{egdo os edkhes dk enhikn do kqkgto'


36/168

31



@hggkp

o @h a chd hdhzhd h nhn d ch`hlf hd `.mc d zn chh' Hn, d nh anh nzl `mch, hhdc , zhd zl l, h dhh lchl d ' {l l n h cn h c hdh l cn ad, z dhanh hzlhh nh h h d h d `l'

Cpeke d{hs qkpsks do `hggkp, {nh kn h}{l k o{tpo nhikgth &copks dol% zhh h hcdhd cn lhd, h zhh h n cnh d`h h c hlhh.'


37/168

39



Seghltech

Gh cogckzo dh seghltech dos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco teqk kn htkgo o lochl ogdk skpeh colochdh, o{skmh kn hli{gs zogtos dk pkakpgceh dh kscolh, zoes tkpeh dk skp hlio x{k dkssk ghs qesths, cono thl dkcede kscolfkpnh c zhh chdh hlch, xh c da' C nh nhn x hdhzh xh h.ltechs' [tele}hgdo o x{k h seghltech epeh pkzpkskgthp, kszhlfhp.sk zklh kscolh' Zhph dknogstphp esso hssocehgdoh nn nz nhn d dcd lh nh zh d h' ph zhlfhn., hl xhlcn h hlch x zhlf zlh clh dh anh hh h lh nhn d ' o l d a clchd d nnh nd x a clchd chh, zhd h `h dh , d chdh nh `hh`hch zhh h clch d nn'

H h ahn clchdh h `hc ` nh nhcfh, dh c zch, nhd zh dhd

zhh h dh dh hlch x, z h hzlchd ` nh hh hch d h dh ah cn z d lh d hcd cn nh'


38/168

36



Seghltech

aotoiphaehGksth seghltech {ske o tezo Shgshteog Pki{lhp zoes hcfke o nhes egdechdo zhph tknh, {n tezo a{t{pesth kvzpks.

shgdo h kqol{o dh aotoiphh' Cono cop kscolfe {n qhpehgtk dk cehgo, cogteg{hgdo con os nksnos qhlopks'


39/168

35



Seghltech

Gksth seghltech {ske o tezo FQD Conec Skpea @old, zoes hcfke o nhes egdechdo zhph tknh= {n tezo con tphos @D, nh nhd nh ch dhd' H c lhdh a lhhmh, nh c dnch zhd,

md, x h lh @hdh Dfhdh x h nh zh dh chdh zhh chh m'

`hgdhdkskgfhdh


40/168

4:



Seghltech

chpecht{phsGksth seghltech {ske o tezo Iell Shgs [ltph @old' [n tezo con {nh zkpsoghledhdk x{k sk hdkx{h ho tknh, zklh

h a z, x h nn nz hch`h z nh chchh d z hl'


41/168

48



Seghltech

el{stphocekgtaechGksth seghltech {ske o tezo @phdlku Fhgd ETC' Kstk tezo tphgsnetk.gos n{eto do x{k el{stpho Cekgtch dkqe.

do hos sk{s chphctkpks x{k go tn {n tpho zkpaketo, lkn`phgdo.gos os dkthlfks aketos kn El{stpho Cekgtch'


42/168

enhikngegk0aeqk


43/168

43



gegk0aeqk

cogckzodoloio

k l cn h cdhd d ch nh nhn zhh h cnz d d, hcdhd dh KDI' Ksth hcteqedhdk tkqk h gkckssedhdk dk enhikn k deq{liho zpzpeh' Zosto esso, skgdo {nh hcteqedhdk x{kh`h d h x hl n cnn'

gh ah, h nhn z`lch d hh h hlhdh x nh hdxhh h h nhn xksthqh h skp {tele}hdh zhph h dkscpeo dhs hcteqedhdks' [tele}ke o tezo dk lktph Hpesth 0': cono `hsk zhph cogckz. d l'

o z d hzh chhcch hchh h l d c, dh xh xh ach l,skgdo klhs h ikonktpe}ho k h edkeh dk {n chnegfo/zkpc{pso' O nksno tphgsnetk deghnesno, egoqho k, dk{nh aopnh o`mkcteqh, ah}.gos chp con h enhikn k gonk gh nknpeh'

H c hdh ahn h clfdh zhh l d '


44/168

44



gegk0aeqk

hzlechksZhph o kgpex{kcenkgto dh conzkteo aophn cpehdhs hli{nhs hzlechks dk aopnh h dhp zpkstieo nksnh'Hs hzlechks tkpehn x{k nhgtkp os o`mkcteqos do kqkgto, zhph x{k o loio aossk hzlechdo dk {nh aopnh nhes

hzklhteqh k ho nksno tknzo cpehp {nh enhikn zhph hs hzlechks' [tele}ke {nh chevh copthdh, kvzpksshgdo nhes odeghnesno k losoh dh conzkteo &{nh shlh pkzlkth dk tph`hlfo cpehteqo%'


45/168

4;



gegk0aeqk

hzlechks

o lhn a chd d nh anh nzl lhd cn ch`hlf h chh adh l dh h.h' o cz a cd zl z d lh dh cnch dh cnz'

pki{lhnkgto


46/168

41



gegk0aeqk

hzlechks

Qesto x{k tkphnos {n iphgdk gnkpo dk zhptecezhgtks k skpeh deacel dk edkgtec.los, aoe cpehdo {n chpto dkedkgtecho' Kssk chpto cogtkqk h enhikn cpehdh zhph o{tphs hzlechks' Tkgdo sedo colochdhs d{hs chevhs knhl &chh lhdh n dh h nhn dh cnz% nh zhh l h zhh l dh hh'O gonk do zhptecezhgtk aoe colochdo ho ckgtpo, {tele}hgdo o tezo dk lktph dkgedo zhph h con{gecho dh conzkte.'

chptksdkedkgteaecho


47/168

49



gegk0aeqk

hzlechks

Gh hzlecho dh enhikn go ckptechdo aoe aketh {nh hltkpho, dhgdo aopnh k qedh conzkteo' H chevh go aoecolochdh co`pegdo o loio zop conzlkto, hzkghs h zhlhqph gegk0qk k gh qkptechl oc{zhgdo dk cenh h hevo h aolfh'Zhph kscpkqkp h zhlhqph ckptechdo aoe {shdo o tezo dk lktph Shgshteog Pki{lhp &tezo dkgedo zhph os dksthx{ks% kgo copzo aoe {shdo o Aphgbleg Iotfec @oob'

ckpteaechdo


48/168

46



gegk0aeqk

hzlechks

D anh h chh zh dh cnz, dlhn. dh lh cn l dh nnh dd l dh hh' Clc. h nh hdh dh clh h h chh &lchl d hlh dh cn.z% ahn cc`dh d nh anh n nzl n zhh nhch zh'

logh


49/168

45



gegk0aeqk

enhiknz{`lecetpehH nhn z`lch dh cnz fh x hh chln d, zhh h x `.

mkcteqh k dk acel lket{ph &o`mkcteqos ksskgcehes g{n tph`hlfo ipco%'

Dkcede kgto {tele}hp h enhikn dhs hzlechks, zoes tphgsnetk n{eto h kssgceh dh conzkteo' Kgto {ske d{hschevhs &dh enhikn dh conzkteo%, {nh zhph o loio k zhph h pkakpgceh do deh' H o{tph aoe {shdh zhph os loios dhhh'

gh dc dh hcdhd dcd lh nh anh da, hzlhh ah d cnn, clchd h zhlh.

h lhdh , hnd h chdhd x zdh cn h cnz'

o zn dh cnz, hl x h d dhchd' A dchd n anh d chn`, nhd n.zhc, nzhc x zn h'

Chd n l d lh cn h nhn d h x cnz hh hchdh, l nh `hh nh.ikgth &cop do loio% zhph colochp h egaopnho dk ogdk skpehn akeths hs egscpeks'

kh nhn a hdhzhdh zhh da z hx hzhd'

chpth} alukp

z{` . mopghl


50/168

zlhgodkdeq{liho


51/168

;8



Zlhgo dk deq{liho

Zhh h dlh d n d cnch, hn dh anh a chhdh nh zhh '

H znh ah dh dlh

cd h clch d n zn.po chpth}, gh kscolh, o x{hl tegfhzch anh zhh ch h cdhd nh ahcl.n, d n z d lhzhh `l &n d n d dl.h hd%'

o l a dld d anhh ch n z d lh cn z`leco logigx{o k thn`n zop skp

n n acl d clh, zdd d xhlx lh' o `lpk{ge{ egaopnhks dhs hcteqedhdks,d n , clh`hd cdhd'


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;0



Zlhgo dk deq{liho

H ski{ep ho `loi, aoe egecehdh h deq{liho do gegk0qk, h hcteqedhdkx cdhd d dlh zzh, d c h hhcdk {n iphgdk gnkpo dk zhptecezhgtks' G{nh zpenkeph zhptk dh deq{lihodksth hcteqedhdk aophn kgqehdos nhels zhph kscolhs skc{gdpehs k dk kgse. z, x fhn c dh h'

Ahn clchd chh n3: h{tochppos dh T[@, ukps k chpth.}ks kn zogtos con 8:: Ziegh, EZM'gh dlh y` a hd dh kZ@ d a clchd n `h., hn cn n d nz.

io cono chpih dk tph`hlfos, sknzhzkl, {n `loi dk dkseig ghceoghl,`l d c'

Go deh 1 dk H`pel she{ go coppkeo do negfo nkeh ziegh dk z{`lecedhdk'


53/168

;3



Zlhgo dk deq{liho

khd z d dlh.o do gegk0qk colochdos, egecekeh dlh d n '

Clchd n chh cn h d.c dh hcdhd dh'

Ahn hd z.hl &dd zl cdhd d c%zhh hlnh clh, kZ@ hn`n z`lcdhd `l d c'

O zpoiphnh aoe z{`lechdo gh hikgdh c{lt{phl dh cedhdk {nh pkakpgcehh '

gnh ah m cn h dc, a clchdh hlch zlh c.lh d anh h nhch zh m dh cndhd lhd. h lchldhs kvzoseks'


54/168

hcteqedhdks


55/168

;;



Hcteqedhdks

gegkaeqk

Cogseste{ g{nh conzkteo cpehteqh zhph dkseigkps ipcos con h zhpte.czh d 3: cc d d cdhd dh dh h lhl .' H zhczh a.lf zdd x chn h nhn n d c.n{gecho zhph h nhpch @phih . Chzethl do @hppoco' Todos dkskgqolqkphn{nh zpozosth ipch zhph zostkpeop hqhleho dk tps knzpkshs dk @phih'kh a h hcdhd x nh `ldhd n d '


56/168

;1



Hcteqedhdks

yopbsfozs

skpeiphaeh

Yopbsfoz negestphdo zop does hl{gos do 0 hgo, go deh 08, shegdo do x{k lkcceoghdo go c{pso aophn kvzlophph cch d nz zhh dz dnhn h clh, n anh nzl d h hn chhn.'


57/168

;9



Hcteqedhdks

yopbsfozs

cegknh4dst{deo

Go deh 08, goetk, Knhg{kl Akppkeph dkseigkp dk zpod{to dh pkieo dk @phih, kstkqk gh KZ@ zhph egecehp os hl{. nh hzlch 3D' o ybfz a d hhd d hl, chd zlh hzlch zlh h'


58/168

;6



Hcteqedhdks

yopbsfozs

`hgdhdkskgfhdh

X{hpth.akeph deh 00, qegdo dk Hlnhdh Zkdpo Hlqks, el{stphdop zposseoghl, hdnegestpo{ {n yopbsfoz dk @hgdhDkskgfh zhph hli{gs hl{gos dos tps hgos do c{pso' Dkzoes dk dhp {nhs goks k tcgechs dk `hgdh dkskgfhdh lhd zd h hl x chn dh zh d @hdh Dfhdh, hcnzhfhd. n d z.c, hd. dhd.lf dch'


59/168

;5



Hcteqedhdks

yopbsfozs

chptoogesno

o ybfz d chn a nhd nh nh z Zd Hl, d nh zhczh d hddenkgso gos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco' Dkzoes dk {nh `pkqk egtpod{o dhdh ho hl{gos zpkskgtks, so`pkcch h h n chn, ybfz d l hlhhn n ch `hhd n ch d mhdhxl nn dh'


60/168

1:



Hcteqedhdks

yopbsfozs

kdeodkqdko

gh hd d dh 03, hl ahn lhd zhh h {N zhh zhczhn n ybfz d d d d,lcchd z Ahd M, d a ah nh hzh d hlnh ahnh hdh n d dd, hd hdh hl zl dzhhn d zd'


61/168

18



Hcteqedhdks

yopbsfozs

egecehoaotoiphaeh

Nhpco Pospeo, kv.hl{go dk aotoiphh k hct{hlnkgtk hl{go do 0 D'I', depeie{ {n yopbsfoz dk aotoiphh chteqhg.do os hl{gos do 8 hgo do c{pso zhph ksth pkh, dhgdo.lfks {nh zkx{kgh egtpod{o'


62/168

10



Hcteqedhdks

tkptlehs

tcgechkcpehteqedhdkghaotoiphaehzopdhgeklchnhcfo

Ksth aoe h zpenkeph iphgdk shdh do kqkgto, {nh tkptleh pkhle}hdh go ap{n dh Aghc, deh 0:, h x{hl tkqk `hs.thgtk hdkso, chgdo h shlh pkzlkth dk kszkcthdopks' Dhgekl Chnhcfo ahlo{ {n zo{co so`pk x{kstks tcgechs dkaotoiphh, hzpkskgthgdo.gos thn`n hli{n do sk{ tph`hlfo, {tele}hgdo.o cono kvknzlo zhph ahlhp so`pk x{kstksd chdhd'


63/168

13



Hcteqedhdks

tkptlehs

dkseigipaecogon{gdodostvtkes

O deh 08 aoe dkdechdo hos tvtkes hzs o yopbsfoz dk skpeiphh' Zkdpo Zegto, dkseigkp tvtel, qkeo gos ahlhp {nzo{co do sk{ zkpc{pso zposseoghl' [nh zkpszkcteqh n{eto egtkpksshgtk, nostphgdo hos hl{gos {nh chppkeph dkc' H zhczh d Zd Z n cn n ybfz zc d `lnh &nd d nzkn tvtkes%'


64/168

14



Hcteqedhdks

tkptlehs

`d . cpehozoph{topktph`hlfozopkgconkgdh

Zkdpo Hlqks hcketo{ hzpkskgthp.gos dk cpeho dk {nh @hgdh Dkskgfhdh k do sk{ zkpc{pso zposseoghl hth dh d fm' kxcd zhnh d , lhd. nh nh zhh h Ahc, hhd hlhd zlh h'


65/168

1;



Hcteqedhdks

tkptlehs

aotoiphaehdkkqkgtos

Go deh 03, cfkihdos dk tps knzpkshs dk aotoiphh, con festpeh gh pkieo, dkdechdhs ksskgcehlnkgtk aoto.iphh dk kqkgtos, hli{gs zposseoghes qekphn.gos ahlhp {n zo{co dk cono h qedh dk {n aotiphao dk kqkgtos, dhsdec{ldhdks k `kgkaceos d{nh chppkeph gksth pkh'


66/168

11



Hcteqedhdks

tkptlehs

nktodoloiehzpomkct{hlkndkseigipaeco

H goetk do deh 03 aoe zpkkgcfedh zop {nh tkptleh zpksededh zklo kv.hl{go Moo Lo{pkepo, x{k kgcfk{ zop con .zlkto {nh dhs shlhs do ksthlkepo c{lt{phl Qklfh.h.@phgch' Moo nostpo{ {n zo{co do sk{ zpocksso dk tph`hlfo,hzhd hl d zmc'


67/168

19



Hcteqedhdks

tkptlehs

el{stphocekgtaech

Aelezk Aphgco, el{stphdop cekgtco dk pkgonk ghceoghl gh pkh, kstkqk gh KZ@ zhph hzpkskgthp o tknh hos gos. hl' ed hl ` h cch d lh hd cn nzl l zal'


68/168

16



Hcteqedhdks

tkptlehs

doiphaaetehodkseig

Dkdechgdo o deh 0; hptk dk p{h, lkqhnos os hl{gos k o{tpos egtkpksshdos zhph o N{sk{ D' Deoio dk So{sh,ogdk Dhgekl Qekeph, hct{hlnkgtk kst{dhgtk do kgsego s{zkpeop gh pkh dk Dkseig Ipco, gos ahlo{ do sk{ zkpc{psoht hos dehs dk fomk= cono aoe h shdh dhs p{hs, dkevhgdo h hptk dk p{h zhph o Dkseig Ipco'


69/168

15



Hcteqedhdks

kvzoseks

0gddi

Go deh 86 aoe egh{i{phdh {nh kvzoseo dk @D gh akeph do leqpo dk@phih deh dk h`kpt{ph dh nksnh' H @D aoe cpehdh zop hl{gos do 0 DI' Hsfh chdh hhn h hh zzch dh nh zhhdh f d hln' gh z a ch h ccz d dhlh zhh h clch d xhd dh z &cn zdn haotoiphhs k go hgkvo ;%'


70/168

9:



Hcteqedhdks

kvzoseks

olfhpksso`pkockgtpodhcedhdk

{nh hcdhd chdh h dh h`h d x l hl d c zhh c dh cdhd, zhhnostphp con{gedhdk h s{h qeso zklo ckgtpo, chzt{phdo kn aotoiphh' Os hl{gos do 8 k 0 hgo, hconzhgfhdoszlh zah Chhh Nhdh ahn lhd hlnh zhh c dh cdhd cn `mc d chzho sk{ olfhp htphqs aotoiphh dk kszhos k hn`ekgtks'


71/168

98



Hcteqedhdks

kvzoseks

chpecht{phs

Dh 00 chd zlh hh dh z d chchh ah zl hl pchd Clf chchhd hh nh, za, ac h dc dh clh' Zhh h z a c h clch d ntt{lo &hgkvo;%'


72/168

90



Hcteqedhdks

kvzoseks

`hgdhdkskgfhdh

{nh z d `hdh dfh d Zd Hl, lhd, z. cn hln d h`hlf'Zhph ksth kvzoseo aoe gkcksspeo h colocho dk {n tt{lo &hgkvo;%'


73/168

93



Hcteqedhdks

kvzoseks

el{stphocekgtaech

Alzh olh, clc n z dh clh, d h`hlf hlhd z lh nh h zc zl.hdh dd h cnzldhd, nhd hl' Zhh h z a c h clch d ntt{lo &hgkvo;%'


74/168

94



Hcteqedhdks

kvzoseks

hptkdkp{h

[nh kvzoseo aotoipch pkhle}hdh zklo hl{go do 0 D'I' G{go Selqh, kvzosth go N{sk{ D' Deoio dk So{sh,d n n zc dh hlh d y N' DFko'


75/168

9;



Hcteqedhdks

o{tphshcteqedhdks

hzpkskgtho . 0gddi

Kstk tph`hlfo, pkhle}hdo zklos hl{gos do 0 hgo tkqk depketo h {nh hzpkskgtho gh 8:: Ziegh, ogdk ksteqkphnz hl hd' Zflzz th ahl d zc d ch dh @hdh Dfhdh'


76/168

91



Hcteqedhdks

o{tphshcteqedhdks

iphaaete . conknophodos3;hgosdo0;dkh`pel

D{phgtk todh h sknhgh, 4 hl{gos do 0 hgo dk D'I' &Aelezh Oleqkeph, Pechpdo Coklfo, Zkdpo Aei{kephs k HgdpZkpkeph%, hm{dhdos zop Esedpo Gop`kpto do 3 dk D'I', cpehphn {n iphate dk 3; nktpos x{hdphdos, conknophteqo dhdhth, gh zkdpkeph dh kscolh' O nksno aoe hzpkskgthdo con{gedhdk go deh 0; dk H`pel'


77/168

99



Hcteqedhdks

o{tphshcteqedhdks

dkszoptosdkp{h

Zhh chn d a hhdh nh dnh d dz d h zhx hdchl, dhl m nhhn h h fh`ldhd' {nh hcdhd `n da, nhd h ddhd d hc.dhd hlhdh '


78/168

pkqesth


79/168

95



Pkqesth

Ahlhd h c h.l dc.l nh z`lch' Dcd ch nh h&zhnhd c d zmc%'

kh h h x nh nn hl d dh h nhn'

Kgto klh`opke {n lhuo{t senzlks, con {n hszkcto lkqk, dhgdo {n cogaopto qes{hl o{ lketop'

H kstp{t{ph dh pkqesth aoe dkgedh kn d{hs nkthdks= {nh zhph hs aotoiphhs k o{tph zhph os tkvtos'


80/168

6:



Pkqesth

Os tkvtos aophn colochdos {shgdo cono hsk {nh ipklfh dk tps col{ghs, {nh zhph ozegeo &kvckzto ghs kvzo.seks% k hs o{tphs d{hs aophn {gedhs zhph h colocho do tkvto'

O tezo {shdo zhph os tt{los dh hcteqedhdk, tkvtos dk ozegeo k deh aoe o Lhgk Ghppoy, {n tezo klkihgtk x{kzhhh h lch zhh h h anhd ch cn z hd zhh cz d '

Zhph o copzo do tkvto {ske o Aphgbleg Iotfec @oob, {n tezo n{eto lkiqkl, x{k d ski{phgh k cogaopto gh lke.h'

H pkqesth aoe deqededh zop chzt{los coppkszogdkgtks s nhcpo.hcteqedhdks, dk aopnh h x{k os cogtkdos dh pkqes.

h n dz d nd nh hhdh d acl clh'

Go podhz {ske o tezo dk lktph Hpesth 0': leift, hssocehgdo enhikn z{`lecetpeh do kqkgto, zhsshgdo o degh.nn d z zhh h h' H dh d chzl a clchdh cnzlh, ad d hl, nhd x{nh tezoiphh deakpkgcehdh zklh s{h zhptk dk cenh, pktephgdo hssen {nh zhptk nkgos enzopthgtk lket{ph'


81/168

qdko


82/168

60



Qdko

Kstk qdko tegfh cono a{go pktphthp hs hcteqedhdks dos KDI' Con klk zpktkgdeh nostphp o deghnesno aop.nh z h nhh' tdh h ddhd d hcdhd hlhdh nhd h h dipco'

Dk aopnh h kvzpksshp todos kstks cogcketos tegfh x{k kscolfkp {nh nsech `hsthgtk petnhdh, zhph thl kscolfeh O{tsedkps dk Aphg} Akpdeghgd {nh nsech con os o`mkcteqos pkakpedos k kgx{hdphgdo.sk con h ghppho dod'

Zd x d mh nhd d a a z zh d ln d c, dhch.do h t{pnh do 0 hgo, k dkevhp h nkgshikn dk cogteg{h'', zoes kszkpo x{k o kqkgto cogteg{k gos zpvenos hgos

x lh chdh nh'


83/168

setk


84/168

64



Setk

o a cc`d zhh clhd d nh anh hcl h d' Dh anh, hzd h ah h nzch d '

O sk{ lhuo{t aoe zkgshdo tkgdo kn cogth todos os qhlopks zhsshdos gh enhikn do kqkgto' Dkssh aopnh h s{hc `h. n d nzl, `mc achl, dhd h lhd nh acl clh zl c.tkdos, hconzhgfhdo dk {n `on cogaopto qes{hl'


85/168

6;



Setk

o cd dh anh, ch`hlf n lb lh hh, chc clh`.hd'

kn `h d ch`hlf n lb cn h nhc.hcdhd d cn `.lb h hcdhd'

Kn chdh ziegh dk hcteqedhdks tkn o tkvto dkscpeteqo dh hcteqedhdk hconzhgfhdo dk aotoiphhs'


86/168

cogcl{so


87/168

69



Cogcl{so

Go ghl dkstks nksks dk tph`hlfo qkmo x{k n{etos hszkctos hnhd{pkckphn kn nen iphhs h kstk zpomkcto knx{k ksteqk kgqolqedo go nèto dh negfh Zpoqh dk Hztedo Zposseoghl'

H opihge}ho dkstks Kgcogtpos cogstet{e{ zhph nen {n iphgdk nhpco zkssohl k zposseoghl, {nh qk} x{k och cn dc h nfh l lchl cn n z d zhdh hnzh d lhhn zhh n zc nchd d h`hlf'

o zmc a.n l n cchn, h l d zlhhn cnch= h nfh chzhcdhd dpkszosth h set{hks enzpkqesths, h negfh chzhcedhdk con{gechteqh &kscpeth k egtkpzkssohl% k {n h{nkgto dh ne .gfh nht{pedhdk zposseoghl k egtklkct{hl'

Hs dec{ldhdks kgcogtphdhs aophn n{eths dhs qk}ks pksolqedhs zklo hzoeo dk qpehs zkssohs do c{pso &hl{gos za% zlh nfh chzhcdhd d hc hdhzh h c ccch &hl x d.cfch n nn%'

Ac lf z d h zdhd d hh zn , x hch`h z n z dpkakpgceh zhph os hl{gos do c{pso x{k go a{t{po qkgfhn h zhptecezhp gos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco'

gh nfh z, c n nzh zh anh zhh hl d c, nh xa nh nhh d hlhhn dh hcdhd d h nch, cnzlhd h anh lcchdhgo c{pso k h`pegdo zopths zhph aopnhks k chppkephs a{t{phs dos gossos hl{gos' Hos zhptecezhgtks aoe kveiedh cpeh.dhd, chzhcdhd d chh d h`hlf'

Zl x zd `h, a n d lf zhh h clh' Cn l a zl dlh h kZ@ hhdo dkseig k dk hcks c{lt{phes, go pkzpkskgthgdo, sonkgtk, o s{cksso dk {nh ZHZ, nhs sen &zhph nen o nhesnzh%, h czh, a h ddch d n c, n x za hl hn a,deigechgdo h aopnho zposseoghl k h kscolh'

G{nh hglesk ghl, cogsedkpo x{k o kqkgto aoe {n s{cksso k x{k cogski{enos noèle}hp hl{gos k zpoakssopkszhph h s{h opihge}ho k cfhnhp htkgo dk z`lecos egtkpgos k kvtkpgos'

kz x c h cc, x h clh chdh hz nh h chh x dkdecho dos hl{gos h{nkgtk' Dh negfh zhptk, dkskmo hm{dhp/zhptecezhp gh opihge}ho dhs zpvenhs kdeks,

tkgthgdo dhp ho kqkgto hegdh nhes qeseèledhdk gos z`lecos egtkpksshdos zklo dkseig ipco'


88/168

hgkvos


89/168

hgkvo8 neq . kdi


90/168

nhg{hldkedkgtedhdkqes{hl


91/168

0

kgx{hdphnkgto

Os Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco so {n kqkgto zponoqedo zklo c{pso dk Dkseig Ipco dh Kscolh Zposseo.ghl dk @phih' Kstk kqkgto cogck`edo k enzlknkgthdo zklh cogm{iho dk ksaopos dk hl{gos k aopnhdo.

pks dh kscolh, con o zpegcezhl o`mkcteqo dk sk cogstet{ep cono {n kqkgto hg{hl dk zponoo k deghne}hodksth pkh cpehteqh k zposseoghl'

Kstk hgo, h coopdkgho do kqkgto co{ h chpio do hl{go ghlesth F{io Hgt{gks, so` s{zkpqeso do co .opdkghdop do c{pso' H pkhle}ho dkstk kqkgto kgx{hdph.sk gh Zpoqh dk Hztedo Zposseoghl x{k cogstet{eo zpomkcto dk kvcklgceh dk ghl do c{pso' Gkstk zpomkcto, zpktkgdk.sk x{k os hl{gos dkskgqolqhn edkehs,cogcketos k kvzkpegcehs x{k cogstet{hn o c{lneghp dk {n zkpc{pso aopnhteqo dk tps hgos gh pkh dkdkseig ipco'

Os Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco dk 0::5 tn cono zpegcezhl o`mkcteqo zponoqkp o tph`hlfo k h pkhledhdkzposseoghl dk todh h con{gedhdk hssocehdh ho dkseig dk con{gecho'

O`mkcteqos do kqkgto=. Cogtpe`{ep zhph h zponoo do Dkseig2. Conzlknkgthp h aopnho dkskgqolqedh gh KZ@ gh pkh do dkseig2. Dhp h cogfkckp egstet{eks kd{chteqhs &kscolhs% con aopnho kn Dkseig k hptks2. Deq{lihp tph`hlfos dk hl{gos, knzpkshs k apkklhgckps2. Enzlknkgthp aopnhks kszkcchs2. Opihge}hp/pkhle}hp kvzoseks2. Zponoqkp dk`htks so`pk deqkpshs tkntechs dk dkseig2. Pkhle}hp {nh akeph dk dkseig, kn kszho h`kpto ho z`leco'

Con kstk kqkgto zpktkgdk.sk `kgkcehp thgto hl{gos cono zposseoghes/knzpkshs, enzlknkgthgdo {negtkpcn`eo dk edkehs, cogcketos k opekgthks x{k zotkgcekn o dkskgqolqenkgto dh pkh k h egtkiphozposseoghl'

Os Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig zodkpo cogstet{ep, hegdh, {n aoco dk deghne}ho m{gto dk moqkgs hegdh skn aop.nho kszkcch gh pkh, dkszkpthgdo qochks k egckgteqhgdo.os zhph h aopnho kn dkseig'


92/168

3

nknpehdkscpeteqh

Kstk loio aoe cogckèdo zhph x{k dk {nh aopnh senzlks k s{cegth kvzleceth.sk does qhlopks con `hsthgtkpklkqgceh kn dkseig= h senzlecedhdk k h a{gceoghledhdk'

Aoe kscolfedh {nh kschlh qes{hl zhph x{k h zhlhqph nhes chteqhgtk zhph o kqkgto ksteqkssk kn dksthx{k'Zhlhqph kssh Dkseig x{k ahp nhes ahcelnkgtk con o loio cfhnk h htkgo do z`leco.hlqo, skgdo klh hdkseigho do kqkgto'

Ksth conzoseo ipch kst zpkzhphdh zhph a{gceoghp thgto kn s{zoptks deiethes cono kn s{zoptks en.zpkssos, zoes tkn legfhs `hsthgtks senzlks x{k go dksaochn kn deiethl gkn enzpksso'

zhlhqph dkseig aoe dhdo {n iphgdk dksthx{k, skgdo o tknh do kqkgto, kph gkcksspeh kssh pklkqgceh,c{lneghgdo thn`n con hli{gs klknkgtos ipcos o gonk conzlkto do kqkgto k o lochl' Zhph kvzpksshph zhlhqph kgcogtpos aoe {tele}hdo {nh leiho con o s k o e zoes o s tkn c{pqhs x{k gos pknktkn zhph{n chnegfo, chnegfo kssk x{k coppkszogdk hs hcteqedhdks do kqkgto x{k qo skp {n tpelfo enzopthgtkzhph os egtkpksshdos go kqkgto' H {geo con o e dkqk.sk ho ahcto dk o e senòle}hp hs hcteqedhdks dokqkgto, con o cogcketo dk skp {nh hqkgedh con hs qpehs hcteqedhdks'

Zhph ah}kp pkakpgceh ho lochl do kqkgto aoe {tele}hdo go g {nh pkzpkskgtho do Hpco dh Zopth Goqh x{k {n zogto dk pkakpgceh gh cedhdk kn x{ksto'

H zpegcezhl htphco zhph h kscolfh dkstk tezo zhph o loio aoe h s{h lkqk}h ipch, skgdo kstk {n tezo go,pki{lhp, `kn dkskgfhdo k fhpngeco' Ksths chphctkpstechs ah}kn con x{k o loio skmh lenzo, dk acel lket{.ph, nksno kn iphgdks pkd{ks, x{k cogstet{e {n ahctop tedo n{eto kn cogsedkpho gh s{h cogckzo'Kstk ahctop {n dos nhes enzopthgtks x{hgdo sk cogck`k {n loio, go kgthgto n{eths qk}ks colochdodk zhptk'

Zhph h kscolfh dk {n tezo dksth chtkiopeh, {nh dhs ph}ks x{k kstkqk zpkskgtk aoe o ahcto dk kstks tezos

skpkn n{eto {shdos kn dksthx{ks, go nkeo dk tkvtos, tt{los' O x{k sk zpktkgdk con kstk kqkgto kvhc.thnkgtk x{k kstk tkgfh {n iphgdk dksthx{k m{gto dh con{gedhdk @phchpkgsk'H sklkco dk {n tezo skn skpeahs dkqk{.sk ho ahcto dk ksthp zpkskgtk kn enhikgs hssocehdhs m{qkgt{.dk' Kstk zogto nkpkceh {n iphgdk aoco gkstk loio, qesto x{k iphgdk zhptk do z`leco.hlqo do kqkgto so

moqkgs' O{tpo noteqo x{k zksh zhph h s{h kscolfh aoe zop skp to fhpnogeoso, o x{k d cogaopto dk lket{ph'O sk{ hp moqehl k a{t{pesth senòle}h, cono m aoe deto hgtkpeopnkgtk, {n dos z`lecos.hlqo do kqkgto, conothn`n zop o kqkgto skp pkckgtk & o ski{gdo pkhle}hdo zklo c{pso%'Gh kscolfh dksths copks aoe tedo kn htkgo o gonk k noteqo zhph x{k sk dksteghqh o kqkgto, cono thlaoe gkcksspeo x{k nostphssk deghnesno k ho nksno tknzo s{ikpessk skpekdhdk' Zhph cogski{ep o kaketozpktkgdedo aoe {tele}hdh {nh cop apeh k {nh cop x{kgtk go skgtedo dk fhqkp {nh degnech kgtpk copks'Kn zpenkepo l{ihp aoe kscolfedh {nh qhpeho do cehgo, qesto skp {nh cop hssocehdh tkcgoloieh, ho a{t{po, skpekdhdk, tphgx{eledhdk, aopnhledhdk, c{lt{ph, fhpnogeh k nht{pedhdk' Dk nodo h conzlknkgthp o loio

con {nh cop pkhlhgtk aoe {tele}hdh {nh qhpeho do nhikgth, cop kssh leihdh kgkpieh, dkdecho, kvzpks.sh edkhlesno k h cop dh pkhle}ho'

Todhs ksths chphctkpstechs aophn edkhle}hdhs gos qhlopks h kvzpksshp con o loio' Zpktkgdk.sk x{k kstkkqkgto skmh {nh zkh a{gdhnkgthl go a{t{po do z`leco.hlqo x{k sk cogseih egc{tep gos kst{dhgtks {s{ap{e.dopks do kqkgto os qhlopks s{zphcethdos'

Zhph h zhlhqph kgcogtpos k ipco aoe kscolfedo o h}{l zop skp {nh cop `hsthgtk lkiqkl k ksths zhlh .qphs so hs x{k soapkn nhes kn pkd{ks' O{tph dhs ph}ks zpkgdk.sk x{ksto dk ksths d{hs zhlhqphsksthpkn leihdhs zoes hn`hs pkzpkskgthn zopnkgopks do kqkgto &cogcketo k tknh%' Gh zhlhqph dkseig aoekscolfedo o nhikgth dhdo x{k h cop x{k cfhnh nhes htkgo, zopthgto aoe colochdh gh zhlhqph connhes dksthx{k, con seigechdo dk dkseig skp h kgkpieh do kqkgto &tknh%'


93/168

4

hsseght{phzpegcezhl

Kstk o loitezo dos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig @phih'H kstp{t{ph dos klknkgtos dh hsseght{ph aoe zkgshdh zhph {nh

`oh lket{ph k go dkqk zop noteqo hli{n skp nodechdh'Hs zpozopks go dkqkn skp hltkphdhs'


94/168

;

conzopthnkgtos

Gksth ziegh hzpkskgthdh h qkpso con hs copks opeieghes,gkihteqo k qkpso {nh cop'

zpktok`phgco

opeieghl

nogocponteco

kschlhdkceg}h


95/168

1

conzopthnkgtos

Hx{e ksto hs qhpehks dk cop x{k zodkn s{piep'Chso o a{gdo skmh {nh cop do loio zodk hcogtkckp {nh dk tps

ozks, h cop go loio zhsshp zhph `phgco, qkpso `phgch o{ zpkth'


96/168

9

pkd{ongenh

hlt{phv

O loitezo go tkn hnzleho nvenh'H pkd{o g{gch dkqk skp egakpeop hzpkskgthdh'

Zhph enzpkssks dk `hevh pksol{o dkqk skp {shdo {n thnhgfonheop'

Zhph nhgtkp {nh `oh pklho kgtpk os klknkgtos k {nh `ohlket{ph dkqkn skp nhgtedhs hs zpozopks hx{e egdechdhs'

80 nn

4 vh

8,1 vh

h

; v h

88,1 v h

85 v h


97/168

6

Lopkn ezs{n dolop set hnkt, cogskctkt{p hdezescegi klet' Ktehn lkct{s gesl, tknzop x{es, zopttetop zopth, tegced{gt qkl, h{i{k' G{gc tpestex{k kgen k{gesl' Nopè nkt{s' A{sck gog lopkn kikt ezs{n klknkgt{n h{ctop' G{llhn hc ezs{n kt opce cogskx{ht akpnkgt{n' Eg toptop dolop, zfhpktph x{es, p{.tp{n h, lhcegeh set hnkt, toptop' G{llh pfogc{s zlhckpht nhssh' Ghn cogqhlles zkdk' Eg kst ne, k{esnod k{, klknkgt{n x{es, {ltpecks sollecet{deg, toptop'Qkste`{l{n gog x{hn kikt t{pzes z{lqeghp tknz{s' Zkllkgtksx{k qkl {pgh' Dogkc gog m{sto' Eg fhc fhèthssk zlhtkh dect{nst' Hkgkhg sodhlks shzekgqkl nh{pes' Nhkckghs tpestex{k, nkt{s hc kiksths nolles, klet z{p{s sollecet{deg qklet, hc scklkpesx{k m{sto ne kt nh{pes' Hkgkhg x{es nkt{s' Qeqhn{sz{lqeghp zkdk kikt kst' Ktehn qethk ne ed gese sodhlks hdezescegi' Zphkskgtht nh{pes' Nopè x{es ge`f' Egtkikp hc nh{pes kt akles nhttes qkfec{lh'Cphs `lhgdet s{scezet gesl' G{gc k{ z{ . p{s ht lkct{s dect{n {llhncopzkp'Hkgkhg eg toptop' Zphkskgt shiettes lopkn gog hgtk akpnkgt{n zpkte{n'G{gc ahceleses kpos skd m{sto' Nopè t{p. zes akles, scklkpesx{k skd, nhttesht, shiettes h, {pgh' A{sck dect{n cogi{k nhigh' Qeqhn{s cogqhlles nhighk{ {pgh' Nh{pes skd ne hc t{pzes fkgdpk. pet zfhpktph' Skd nhttes ah{ce`{s{pgh' Cphs tknz{s' C{phèt{p tknzop, dolop {t {ltpecks shiettes, lei{lh kst

nhlks{hdh {pgh, kt k{esnod lko gesl qkl hpc{' Zpoeg cogskctkt{p nhigh'Skd skd ezs{n k{ qklet akpnkgt{n qks. te`{l{n' Skd enzkpdekt zfhpktphnkt{s' Nh{pes ht gkx{k kikt kgen qhpe{s enzkpdekt' Nhkckghs g{llh ne,kiksths hc, hcc{nshg kt, e`kgd{n skd, lopkn' S{szkgdessk hlex{kt' G{llhzlhckpht' Hkgkhg nhssh nhssh, ehc{les ed, pfogc{s set hnkt, klknkgt{nqkl, hgtk' X{esx{k nhigh {pgh, shiettes gkc, qkgkghtes x{es, qhpe{s kt,kgen' Cphs cogskctkt{p' Qkste`{l{n gese g{llh, hcc{nshg qkl, nhttes ed,zopttetop kt, lopkn' Hlex{hn x{hn kpos, ahceleses {t, qkste`{l{n set hnkt, ahceleses ht, z{p{s' Hlex{hn dect{n tkll{s hc opce' X{esx{k connodo' G{gcakles' D{es hcc{nshg, shzekg h è`kgd{n zkllkgtksx{k, hpc{ lhc{s ak{ieht nkt{s, gkc è`kgd{n hpc{ kpht qkl pes{s' Zpoeg apegiellh tknz{s tkll{s'Dogkc tknz{s hlex{kt kgen' [t lkct{s' Zpoeg {t kgen hc ezs{n e`kgd{n sknzkp' Clhss hztkgt thcete soceosx{ hd letoph topx{kgt zkp cog{èh gostph,zkp egckztos fenkghkos' Dogkc gesl' G{llh kgen' S{szkgdessk {t gese gog lkct{s zlhckpht klknkgt{n' Skd zos{kpk z{lqeghp nkt{s' G{llhn nkt{s'

hpkmhnkgtodoloio

Zhph skp nhgtedh sknzpk {nh òh lket{ph do loitezo dkqk skpnhgtedo o ski{egtk pksi{hpdo'

[n g x{hgdo cpehdh {nh chevh zhph egskpep o loitezo, kgtpkchdh lktph dh zhlhqph dkseig dkqk ksthp {n kszho kx{eqhlkgtkh x{htpo Es con hs o{tphs d{hs zhlhqphs dkqkn ksthp does Es'


98/168

5

copks

Gksth ziegh ksto pkzpkskgths hs copks do loitezo kn copksdepkcths k x{hdpecponeh'

ZHGTOGK 083 CC > :, N>8::, U>34, B>6P >006, I>;6, @>88;F> k43h93

ZHGTOGK 3::; CC > 8::, N>3:, U>:, B>0:P>:, I>800, @>869F> ::9h``

kschlhdkceg}h

B>5:P>19, I>;6, @>;0F> 433h34

B>9:P>8:9, I>8:3, @>8::F> 1`1914


99/168

8:

a{gdoscolopedos

Zhph skp nhgtedh sknzpk {nh `oh lket{ph do loitezo kn a{gdoszo{cos cogtphsthdos o loio dkqk skp colochdo kn gkihteqo, h{nh cop o{ zodk skp colochdh {nh chevh kn qolth zhph skpkn

nhgtedhs hs copks opeieghes'


100/168

88

a{gdosaotoipaecos

So` a{gdos aotoipcos o loio dkqk nhgtkp h cop opeieghl kn chsodk zo{co cogtphstk dk skp colochdh {nh chevh'


101/168

80

tezoiphaeh

Zhph hs con{gechks do kqkgto dkqkn skp {shdos os ski{egtkstezos dk lktph'

Zhph hs nhgcfhs dk tkvto k tt{los aophn kscolfedhs d{hs qhpehg.tks dh ahnleh Aphgbleg Iotfec, nhgcfhs dk tkvto Aphgbleg Iotfec@oob k zhph tt{los Aphgbleg Iotfec Dkne zoes {ntezo n{etoklkihgtk dk kgopnk chpctkp, x{k sk hdkx{h thgto h tt{los conoh iphgdks kvtkgsks dk tkvto'Hos dksthx{ks aoe htpe`{do o tezo dk Shgshteog zoes {n tezox{k kvzpkssh deghnesno k nodkpgedhdk, ah} thn`n {n iphgdkcogtphstk con o tezo kscolfedo zhph hs nhgcfhs dk tkvto'

nhgcfhsdktkvto

tt{los

dksthx{ks

Aphgbleg Iotfec @oob

H@CDKAIFEMBLNGOZXPST[QYVU]h`cdkaifemblngozxpst{qyvu}8034;1965:jWw'=,2(?J/!&%>"-"-


102/168

83

{sosegcoppktos

{tele}hpoloioconkszhhnkgtosdeakpkgtksdosdkaegedosgkstknhg{hl

hzlechpoloioconcopksdeakpkgtks&nksnoskgdozhpkcedhs%

{tele}hpoloiokno{tlegk

godkqknskpcolochdhsnold{phsdkcophteqhs'

deqedepoloio, knchsosdkstktezodkqkskp{shdh{nhchevhx{kh`phgmholoioghtothledhdk

{tele}hphscopksopeieghesso`pka{gdosx{kgooakpkhncogtphstks{aecekgtk&dkqkskp{shdokn`phgcoo{zpkto%' hchevhgotkpokszhopkskpqhdo'

oloiogodkqkskphcfhthdodkaopnhhli{nh'

gocolochpoloioconkszkss{phsdeakpkgtks'


103/168

84

hzlechks

chptodkqeseth

apkgtk

qkpso


104/168

8;

hzlechks

t.sfept


105/168

81

hzlechks

nodklockpteaechdos


106/168

89

hzlechks

nodklocogqetk


107/168

hgkvo0 enhiknz{`lecetpehkdi


108/168


109/168

86


110/168


111/168


112/168


113/168


114/168

hgkvo3 neq . gegk0aeqk


115/168

nhg{hldkedkgtedhdkqes{hl


116/168

0

nknpehdkscpeteqh

Kstk loio s{pie{ con h gkckssedhdk dk cpehp {nh enhikn zhph h conzkteo dk dkseig, hcteqedhdk egskpedh

gos KDI' Ksth hcteqedhdk tkqk h gkckssedhdk dk enhikn k deq{liho zpzpeh, zosto esso, skgdo {nh

hcteqedhdk opeiegpeh do kqkgto tkpeh x{k tkp hlio kn con{n'

Gksth ahsk h enhikn z{`lecetpeh do kqkgto ksthqh h skp pkhle}hdh k o x{k nhes sk hdkx{hqh kph h enhikn

x{k ksthqh h skp {tele}hdh zhph h dkscpeo dhs hcteqedhdks' Zosto esto {tele}ke o tezo dk lktph Hpesth 0':

cono `hsk zhph cogckzo do loio'

O tezo dk hzpkskgth chphctkpstechs hssocehteqhs ho loio dos kgcogtpos, dhs x{hes x{kpeh pkakpkgcehp gkstk

loio, skgdo klhs h ikonktpe}ho k h edkeh dk {n chnegfo/zkpc{pso' O nksno tphgsnetk deghnesno, ego.

qho, k dk {nh aopnh o`mkcteqh ah}.gos chp con h enhikn k gonk gh nknpeh'

Hs copks {shdhs aophn hs kscolfedhs zhph o loio do kqkgto'


117/168

3

hsseght{phzpegcezhl

Kstk o loitezo do gegk0qk'

H kstp{t{ph dos klknkgtos dh hsseght{ph aoe zkgshdh zhph {nh

`oh lket{ph k go dkqk zop noteqo hli{n skp nodechdh'Hs zpozopks go dkqkn skp hltkphdhs'


118/168

4

conzopthnkgtos

Gksth ziegh hzpkskgthdh h qkpso con hs copks opeieghes,

gkihteqo k qkpso {nh cop'

zpktok`phgco

opeieghl

nogocponteco

kschlhdkceg}h


119/168

;

conzopthnkgtos

Hx{e ksto hs qhpehks dk cop x{k zodkn s{piep'

Chso o a{gdo skmh {nh cop do loio zodk hcogtkckp {nh dk tps

ozks, h cop go loio zhsshp zhph `phgco, qkpso `phgch o{ zpkth'F feztksk dk cpehp {nh chevh h deqedep o loio zklh zhlhqph gegk

tkgdo x{k h chevh {tele}hp {nh cop do loio'


120/168

1

pkd{ongenh

hlt{phv

O loitezo go tkn hnzleho nvenh'

H pkd{o g{gch dkqk skp egakpeop hzpkskgthdh'

Zhph enzpkssks dk `hevh pksol{o dkqk skp {shdo {n thnhgfonheop'

Zhph nhgtkp {nh `oh pklho kgtpk os klknkgtos k {nh `oh

lket{ph dkqkn skp nhgtedhs hs zpozopks hx{e egdechdhs'

0: nn

4 vh

; v h

85 v h


121/168

9

Lopkn ezs{n dolop set hnkt, cogskctkt{p hdezescegi klet' Ktehn lkct{s gesl, tknzop x{es, zopttetop zopth, tegced{gt qkl, h{i{k' G{gc tpestex{k kgen k{

gesl' Nopè nkt{s' A{sck gog lopkn kikt ezs{n klknkgt{n h{ctop' G{llhn hc ezs{n kt opce cogskx{ht akpnkgt{n' Eg toptop dolop, zfhpktph x{es, p{.

tp{n h, lhcegeh set hnkt, toptop' G{llh pfogc{s zlhckpht nhssh' Ghn cogqhlles zkdk' Eg kst ne, k{esnod k{, klknkgt{n x{es, {ltpecks sollecet{deg, toptop'

Qkste`{l{n gog x{hn kikt t{pzes z{lqeghp tknz{s' Zkllkgtksx{k qkl {pgh' Dogkc gog m{sto' Eg fhc fhèthssk zlhtkh dect{nst' Hkgkhg sodhlks shzekg

qkl nh{pes' Nhkckghs tpestex{k, nkt{s hc kiksths nolles, klet z{p{s sollecet{deg qklet, hc scklkpesx{k m{sto ne kt nh{pes' Hkgkhg x{es nkt{s' Qeqhn{s

z{lqeghp zkdk kikt kst' Ktehn qethk ne ed gese sodhlks hdezescegi' Zphkskgt ht nh{pes' Nopè x{es ge`f' Egtkikp hc nh{pes kt akles nhttes qkfec{lh'

Cphs `lhgdet s{scezet gesl' G{gc k{ z{p{s ht

lkct{s dect{n {llhncopzkp' Hkgk. hg eg toptop'

Zphkskgt shiettes lopkn gog hgtk ak pn kg t{ n

zpkte{n' G{gc ahceleses kpos skd m{sto' Nopè

t{pzes akles, scklkpesx{k skd, nht. tes ht, shiettes

h, {pgh' A{sck dect{n cogi{k nhigh' Qe.

qhn{s cogqhlles nhigh k{ {pgh' Nh{pes skd

ne hc t{pzes fkgdpkpet zfhpktph' Skd nhttesah{ce`{s {pgh' Cphs tknz{s' C { p h ` e t { p

tknzop, dolop {t {ltpecks shiettes, lei{lh kst

nhlks{hdh {pgh, kt k{esnod lko gesl qkl hpc{'

Zpoeg cogskctkt{p nhigh' Skd skd ezs{n k{

qklet akpnkgt{n qkste`{l{n' Skd e n z k p d e k t

zfhpktph nkt{s' Nh{pes ht gkx{k kikt kgen qhpe{s enzkpdekt' Nhkckghs g{llh ne, kiksths hc, hcc{nshg kt, è`kgd{n skd, lopkn' S{szkgdessk

hlex{kt' G{llh zlhckpht' Hkgkhg nhssh nhssh, ehc{les ed, pfogc{s set hnkt, klknkgt{n qkl, hgtk' X{esx{k nhigh {pgh, shiettes gkc, qkgkghtes x{es,

qhpe{s kt, kgen' Cphs cogskctkt{p' Qkste`{l{n gese g{llh, hcc{nshg qkl, nhttes ed, zopttetop kt, lopkn' Hlex{hn x{hn kpos, ahceleses {t, qkste`{l{n set

hnkt, ahceleses ht, z{p{s' Hlex{hn dect{n tkll{s hc opce' X{esx{k connodo' G{gc akles' D{es hcc{nshg, shzekg h è`kgd{n zkllkgtksx{k, hpc{ lhc{s

ak{ieht nkt{s, gkc è`kgd{n hpc{ kpht qkl pes{s' Zpoeg apegiellh tknz{s tkll{s' Dogkc tknz{s hlex{kt kgen' [t lkct{s' Zpoeg {t kgen hc ezs{n è`kg.

hpkmhnkgtodoloio

Zhph skp nhgtedh sknzpk {nh òh lket{ph do loitezo dkqk skp

nhgtedo o ski{egtk pksi{hpdo'

[n 0 x{hgdo cpehdh {nh chevh zhph egskpep o loitezo'


122/168

6

copks

Gksth ziegh ksto pkzpkskgths hs copks do loitezo kn copks

depkcths k x{hdpecponeh'

ZHGTOGK 083 C

C > :, N>8::, U>34, B>6

P >006, I>;6, @>88;

F> k43h93

ZHGTOGK 3::; C

C > 8::, N>3:, U>:, B>0:

P>:, I>800, @>869

F> ::9h``

kschlhdkceg}h

B>5:

P>19, I>;6, @>;0

F> 433h34

B>9:

P>8:9, I>8:3, @>8::

F> 1`1914


123/168

5

a{gdoscolopedos

Zhph skp nhgtedh sknzpk {nh `oh lket{ph do loitezo kn a{gdos

zo{cos cogtphsthdos o loio dkqk skp colochdo kn gkihteqo, h

{nh cop o{ zodk skp colochdh {nh chevh kn qolth zhph skpkn

nhgtedhs hs copks opeieghes'


124/168

8:

a{gdosaotoipaecos

So` a{gdos aotoipcos o loio dkqk nhgtkp h cop opeieghl kn chso

dk zo{co cogtphstk dk skp colochdh {nh chevh'


125/168

88

tezoiphaeh

Zhph hs con{gechks dh hcteqedhdk dkqkn skp {shdos os ski{eg.

tks tezos dk lktph'

Zhph hs nhgcfhs dk tkvto k tt{los aophn kscolfedhs d{hs qhpehg.tks dh ahnleh Aphgbleg Iotfec, nhgcfhs dk tkvto Aphgbleg Iotfec

@oob k zhph tt{los Aphgbleg Iotfec Dkne zoes {ntezo n{eto

klkihgtk dk kgopnk chpctkp, x{k sk hdkx{h thgto h tt{los cono

h iphgdks kvtkgsks dk tkvto'

Hos dksthx{ks aoe htpe`{do o tezo dk Shgshteog zoes {n tezo

x{k kvzpkssh deghnesno k nodkpgedhdk, ah} thn`n {n iphgdk

cogtphstk con o tezo kscolfedo zhph hs nhgcfhs dk tkvto'

nhgcfhsdktkvto

tt{los

dksthx{ks

Aphgbleg Iotfec @oob

H@CDKAIFEMBLNGOZXPST[QYVU]

h`cdkaifemblngozxpst{qyvu}

8034;1965:

jWw'=,2(?J/!&%>"-"-


126/168

80

{sosegcoppktos

{tele}hpoloioconkszhhnkgtosdeakpkgtksdosdkaegedosgkstknhg{hl

hzlechpoloioconcopksdeakpkgtks&nksnoskgdozhpkcedhs%

{tele}hpoloiokno{tlegk

godkqknskpcolochdhsnold{phsdkcophteqhs'

deqedepoloio, knchsosdkstktezodkqkskp{shdh{nhchevhx{kh`phgmholoioghtothledhdko{dhaopnhkszkceaechdhhgtkpeopnkgtk

{tele}hphscopksopeieghesso`pka{gdosx{kgooakpkhncogtphstks{aecekgtk&dkqkskp{shdokn`phgcoo{zpkto%' hchevhgotkpokszhopkskpqhdo'

oloiogodkqkskphcfhthdodkaopnhhli{nh'

gocolochpoloioconkszkss{phsdeakpkgtks'


127/168

83

hzlechks

pki{lhnkgto


128/168

84

hzlechks

chptodkedkgteaecho


129/168

8;

hzlechks

ckpteaechdo


130/168

hgkvo4 enhiknz{`lecetpehgegk0aeqk


131/168EGSCPKQK.TKKNkgcogtposdi'`lois'shzo'zt


132/168


133/168


134/168

hgkvo; hzlechkshcteqedhdks


135/168


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hgkvo1 pkqesth


141/168


142/168

3Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipaeco . @phih == H`pel 0::5

DEH 86

Deh 86, kn iphgdk, nhpchgdo os KDI cono h hcteqedhdk dk nheop qeseèledhdk dk todo o kqkgto' H zpenkeph

hcteqedhdk, egtet{lhdh dk gegk0qk, tkqk l{ihp gh KZ@, cogsestegdo g{nh conzkteo cpehteqh zhph dkseigkps ip.cos d{phgtk 6fophs' Ho todo, zhptecezhphn ckpch dk 3: cogcoppkgtks, qegdos dk cedhdks cono Qehgh do Chstklo,Coen`ph, Coqelf, @hpcklos' Hos zhptecezhgtks aoe.lfks zkdedo x{k cpehsskn h enhikn k nkeos dk con{gecho zhphh nhpch @phih . Chzethl do @hppoco, {n zpomkcto skn gs conkpcehs, zkgshdo zklh opihge}ho, sonkgtk zhph{tele}ho go kqkgto'

Aoe solecethdo hos zhptecezhgtks x{k pkhle}hsskn tps zpozosths dhs 5f s 89f' Os cogcoppkgtks egsthlhphn.skgh chgtegh dh KZ@, zop qolth dhs 6f3:, tph}kgdo zopttkes' Zop zhptk dh opihge}ho aophn aopgkcedos conz{thdo.pks, nkshs deiethle}hdophs, schggkps, leqpos k leiho h {nh enzpkssoph deiethl'

O `pekgi aoe kgtpki{k s 5f con tps zpozosths dk tph`hlfo, dhs x{hes os zhptecezhgtks tegfhn dk pkhle}hpd{hs' H zpozosth {n, dk kvkc{o o`peihtpeh, cogsesteh gh cpeho dk {n loitezo' Hzs h pkhle}ho dksth zpo.zosth tkpehn x{k pkhle}hp {nh dhs o{tphs d{hs= dkskgqolqenkgto dk {n lhuo{t zhph {nh ziegh yk` o{ cpehp {nlhuo{t zhph {nh pkqesth ogdk skpeh gkcksspeo h cpeho dh chzh, gdeck k {nh ziegh egtkpeop, tkgdo hnòs conoghledhdk h deq{liho dh nhpch @phih . Chzethl do @hppoco' Todos dkskgqolqkphn {nh zpozosth ipch zhphzostkpeop hqhleho dk tps knzpkshs dk @phih k, chso cogsedkphsskn fhqkp tph`hlfo dk x{hledhdk, zpozopehn hossk{s h{topks {n kstieo pkn{gkphdo con zosseèledhdk dk knzpkio'


143/168

Skpeiphaeh

Cegknh 4d St{deo

@hgdh Dkskgfhdh

Chptoogesno

Kdeo dk Qdko

;

19

6

5


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;Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipaeco . @phih == H`pel 0::5

SkpeiphaehDEH 08

Yopbsfoz negestphdo zop does hl{gos do 0 hgo'Go deh 08, Npeo D{hptk k L{s Qelhh, shegdo do x{k lkcceoghdo go c{pso,kvzlophphn ksth tcgech dk enzpksso, {shdh g{nh iphgdk deqkpsedhdk dk

nhtkpehes, zhph dkzoes h hzpkskgthpkn hos colkihs dk {nh aopnh senzlks kdk acel hzlechèledhdk' Ksth hcteqedhdk tkqk l{ihp go tpeo dh KZ@, cfhnhg.do htkgo do pksto dh con{gedhdk kscolhp' Dkzoes dk {nh hòpdhiknso`pk h pkh, Npeo k L{s }kphn {nh dknogstpho hos colkihs dhs tpst{pnhs hssen cono hos zpoakssopks hconzhgfhgtks dhs nksnhs' Todosz{dkphn qkp {nh hzpkskgtho dkstk ntodo, hzlechgdo o loio do CCDHTkn t.sfepts' Go n dh dknogstpho os hl{gos z{dkphn kvzkpenkgthp k,dksth aopnh, enzpenep h enhikn kn hli{nhs Tsfepts'

skpehztenozodkpkscolfkpkzkp.soghle}hphonvenohgosshnhgkephdkqkstepkosgossoshdkpkosconoz{lskephskhsnocfelhsx{klkqhnoszhphh kscolh' o yopbsfoz dk skpe.iphaehh`pe{ksshzopth'hzopthzhphon{gdodhskpeiphaehkdostvtkes'zhph x{kn iosthqh dk sh`kp nhes kgo shèh zop ogdk conkhp tkqkhs{hpkszosthghhcteqedhdk' n{eto`kncogd{}edh, kvzlceth k conh ozop.t{gedhdk dk zhsshp zklh zptech o

hzpkgdedo' iphteaechgtk'Kd{hpdo Selqh &8DI%


145/168


Cegknh 4d St{deo DEH 08

Knhg{kl Akppkeph, dkseigkp dk zpod{to dh pkieo dk @phih, kstkqk ghKZ@ zhph egecehp os hl{gos g{nh hzlecho dk 3d, {nh pkh zo{co hòpdhdh

go c{pso, conzlknkgthgdo hssen h aopnho dos hl{gos con hlio dk `hs.thgtk egtkpkssk zhph o sk{ a{t{po zposseoghl'

Knhg{kl hzpkskgto{ o hnèkgtk do zpoiphnh, hòpdhgdo hs akpph.nkgths, nkg{s, ozks, kaketos, ktc'

Ksth hzlecho h`pe{ zopths hos hl{gos zpkskgtks, nostphgdo.lfks os`hstedopks dk moios, lnks, kgtpk n{etos o{tphs hgenhks cogfkcedhs,dkevhgdo.os hssen con {n iphgdk egtkpkssk zklh hzlecho'

zhph kstk yopbsfoz s tkgfo {nhzhlhqph= kszkcthc{lhp' ozpoiphnh n{eto acel dk {shp k zkpnetk.goskvzlophphcpehteqedhdkkio}hphhptk3dsknlenetks' zhph`gszhphodksei.gkpknhg{klakppkephzklhhcteqedhdkx{kkakct{o{'

Ckspeo Hlqks &3 DI%


146/168


@hgdh DkskgfhdhDEH 00

X{hpth.akeph deh 00, Zkdpo Hlqks, el{stphdop zposseoghl qegdo dk Hl.nhdh, hdnegestpo{ {n yopbsfoz dk @hgdh Dkskgfh zhph hli{gs hl{gosdos tps hgos do c{pso' Zkdpo Hlqks {n el{stphdop zopt{i{s dk s{cksso

ghceoghl, con tph`hlfos sk{s zpkskgtks kn n{etos leqpos kscolhpks ghceo.ghes' Kstk h{top hcketo{ o cogqetk zop zhptk dh opihge}ho zhph zhptelfhp{n zo{co do sk{ cogfkcenkgto k dhs s{h tcgechs con os hl{gos do c{psoTcgeco dk Dkseig Ipco, ogdk os aopnhgdos con nhes hztedks zhph hpkh sk m{gthphn zhph hzpkgdkp con o zposseoghl' Dkzoes dk {nhs goksk tcgechs dk hgdh dkskgfhdh, o el{stphdop zkde{ hos hl{gos x{k cpehssknd{hs zieghs dk @hgdh Dkskgfhdh, hconzhgfhgdo.os kn todo o zpocksso,opekgthgdo.os k dhgdo.lfks dechs'

hcfox{kaoekvtpknhnkgtkkgpex{k.ckdopzhphx{kniosthdksthpkhkx{kaoe{nyopbsfozn{eto`kncog.ck`edozklhopihge}ho'

Zhtpceh Costh 8DI


147/168


Chptoogesno DEH 03

Dkzoes dk {nhs fophs dk dkschgso, Zkdpo Hlqks aoe hegdh pkszogsqklzop {n yopbsfoz dk chptoogesno, chgdo hssen con {nh zhptecezho dkpklkqo gos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco'

Hos hl{gos aophn deszogeèle}hdos mopghes zhph h kscolfh dk {n tknhzhph pkhle}hp o chptoog h zhptep dk {nh goteceh apksch' Dkzoes dk {nh `pk.qk egtpod{o dhdh ho hl{gos zpkskgtks so`pk kstk tezo dk el{stpho, knx{k sk ahlo{ dk tcgechs zhph h pkhle}ho dk kvzpkssks dk i{phs, ak}{nh dknogstpho dk chptoogs con gotecehs ctcehs' Dkzoes, todos os zhp.tecezhgtks pkhle}hphn {n chptoog `hskhdo ghs gotcehs dos mopghes dhx{klknksno deh' Go ghl aophn hzpkskgthdos k conkgthdos todos os chptoogsaketos zklos hl{gos'

aoe{nyopbsfozegtkpksshgtk, k{nhiphgdkdksco`kpth, zoeszopdktpsdk{nònchptoogf{niphgdkks.aoponkgthlk{nhiphgdkpkalkvo'ksthzhptkdkevo{oshl{gosnhess{p.zpksos nhs conhhm{dh do aopnh.doposcogcketoskpkalkvksaophnnklfopkst{dhdoskhghleshdos' hzs

hzhptktkpechcogcl{dhaophnzpo.d{}edosògstph`hlfos'

Tehio C{gfh &3 DI%


148/168


Kdeo dk QdkoDEH 03

hkvzkpegcehx{kteqkgh{'n' aoeghnegfh ozegeo zoseteqh, zopx{k teqkozopt{gedhdkdkhzpkgdkp{nzo{coso`pkkdeodkqdkozhphtklkqeso'

hcfke{nhhcteqedhdkegtkpksshgtk'Tehio Oleqkeph &3 DI%

Gh thpdk do deh 03, os hl{gos aophn lkqhdos zhph h [N zhph zhptecezh.pkn g{n yopbsfoz dk kdeo dk qdko, lkcceoghdo zop Akpghgdo Mks{s, pks.zogsqkl zklo Dkzhpthnkgto dk H{deoqes{hes do Egstet{to dk Cegcehs dh Co.

n{gecho' O yopbsfoz aoe lkcceoghdo gkssk nksno dkzhpthnkgto, ogdkAkpghgdo Mks{s hzpkskgto{ ho hl{gos cono a{gceogh {nh piek x{hgdo {nzpoiphnh kst go hp' Os hl{gos z{dkphn kvzkpenkgthp hli{gs dos nhtkpehes{shdos zklo c{pso dhx{klk egstet{to, kgx{hgto kphn kvzlechdhs hli{nhstcgechs dk chzt{ph, cono gi{los k kgx{hdphnkgtos' Zhph ghle}hp aoe ake.th {nh qeseth s egsthlhks dk aopnh h x{k os gossos hl{gos cogfkcksskn{n zo{co do c{pso, dksdk hs shdhs zposseoghes ht hos cogtkdos x{kso lkcceoghdos'


149/168

8:Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipaeco . @phih == H`pel 0::5

Egeceho Aotoiphaeh DEH 04

Nhpco Pospeo, {n kv.hl{go do c{pso dk aotoiphh, hct{hlnkgtk hl{godo 0 dk Dkskgfo Ipco, depeie{ {n yopbsfoz dk aotoiphh, chteqhgdo oshl{gos do 8 hgo do c{pso zhph hs tcgechs, nhtkpehes k ntodos dk tph`h.lfo gksth pkh'

Go yopbsfoz aoe pkhle}hdh {nh `pkqk egtpod{o aotoiphh, qesto x{ko tknzo kph pkd{}edo zhph {nh pkh {n zo{co conzlkvh' G{nh zpenkephahsk, Nhpco hzpkskgto{ h cogstet{eo dk {nh nx{egh aotoipch, hssencono dkqk skp aketh h s{h {tele}ho k ahlo{ {n zo{co dk kgx{hdphnkgto'Zhph ghle}hp, os hl{gos aophn lkqhdos zhph o nege lh`ophtpeo dk aotoiphhdh kscolh zhph {nh `pkqk dknogstpho dk pkqklho h zpkto k phgco, knx{k os hl{gos z{dkphn ah}kp hli{gs aotoiphnhs'

kstk yopbsfoz qkeo dk kgcogtpos negfhs kvzkcthteqhs' aex{keh zkp.ck`kp nhesso`pkoqhsto n{gdodhaotoiphaeh' kgsego{.gos hs `hsksdhaotoiphaehkosahctopksx{k eg.al{kgcehnhs{hcpeho, hskvzkpeg.cehsdklh`ophtpeoaophnpkhlnkgtkkl{cedhteqhszhphzkpck`kpconot{doa{gceoghqh{gshgoshpkqklhodkaotoiphaeh' pksth de}kp o`peihdo htodoosthaadkstkkqkgto'

Zkdpo Pe`kepo &8 DI%


150/168

SkcogdDI

Olfhpks so`pk o ckgtpo dh cedhdk

@hgdh Dkskgfhdh

Chpecht{phs

Hptk dk P{h

80

83

84

8;

81


151/168


SkcogdDI DEH 86

[n dos zogtos dk pkakpgceh dos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco aoe h zpkskgh dk {nh kvzoseo dk @hgdh Dk.skgfhdh gh akeph do leqpo dk @phih, pkhle}hdh go n`eto do kqkgto' H @hgdh Dkskgfhdh aoe cpehdh zop hl{gos do 0

DI, Zfelezzk Tegh k Zkdpo Aei{kephs, x{k kn cogm{gto dkskgqolqkphn o i{eo' Pechpdo Coklfo cpeo{ hs zkpsoghikgsk Hgh Ckpdkeph colh`opo{ con Zfelezzk Tegh gh cogckzo dhs tephs dk @hgdh Dkskgfhdh'

Kstk tph`hlfo cogstet{do zop nege.festpehs, zhsshikgs dk hqkgt{phs qeqedhs zklh t{pnh go foppeo dk hlno.o' H kvzoseo kstkqk h`kpth ho z`leco dksdk o deh 86 dk H`pel &deh dh egh{i{pho dh akeph%'


152/168


Olfhpks so`pk o ckgtpo dh cedhdkDEH 0:

Go cogtkvto dh zpoiphnho dos Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipco, zhph h x{hl aoe zkgshdh {nh kvzoseo so`pko ckgtpo dh cedhdk, k dk aopnh h kgqolqkp os hl{gos do 8' k 0' hgo do C{pso dk Dkseig Ipco, aophn pkhle}hdhs,

d{phgtk dhs h{lhs dk Dkskgfo k Con{gecho Qes{hl, qpehs egqkstedhs kvzlophtpehs ho Ckgtpo dh cedhdk' Sk g{nhzpenkeph h`opdhikn, o pkiesto dos enqkes clhssechdos ski{gdo h zkptkgh h dktkpneghdo zkpodo hptsteco aoph hzpknessh, hs enhikgs sklkcceoghdhs zhph h kvzoseo hch`hn zop pkqklhp {n zo{co nhes do x{k esso' O pks{lthdo o pkiesto aotoipco d{nh cedhdk kn n{tho, so {nh spek dk enhikgs pkhle}hdhs con deakpkgtks egtkgks,x{k gos nostphn h qeso dos hl{gos so`pk {n kszho kn zkpnhgkgtk n{dhgh'

chthpeghnephgdh


153/168


@hgdh Dkskgfhdh DEH 00

X{hdphdegfos hlegfhdos con enhikgs k `hlks o{ festpehs `pelfhgtks con {n zpegczeo, nkeo k n?Zhph nen h ski{gdh ozo( [n tph`hlfo x{k kveik {n iphgdk ksaopo nkgthl zkpnhgkgtk cogski{edo zklo

Zkdpo Hlqks' H `hgdh dkskgfhdh {n lnk kn qkpso zhzkl ogdk qeqknos knoks sknklfhgtks'[n `on kvknzlo h ski{ep zhph x{kn iosth( Kvknzlhp deio(

kd{hpdoselqh8di


154/168

8;Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipaeco . @phih == H`pel 0::5

Chpecht{phsDEH 00

H el{stpho aoe hlio x{k sknzpk nk ahscego{ dksdk h negfh egagceh, kszkcehlnkgtk el{stpho pklhceoghdh

con `hgdh dkskgfhdh, dkskgfos hgenhdos' Aoe hlio x{k nk nhpco{ dksdk cpehgh k x{k cogtpe`{e{ `hsthgtkzhph dkgep h negfh zkpsoghledhdk, hm{do{.nk h tphhp chnegfos, h ah}kp kscolfhs k x{k m{gthnkgtk con o DkseigIpco' Zpktkgdo ah}kp desto o nk{ a{t{po, akle}nkgtk m kst h dhp ap{tos k zpktkgdo cogteg{hp dk nodo h cogtpe`{epgo s zhph o nk{ a{t{po cono tcgeco dk Dkseig Ipco nhs thn`n zhph cogtpe`{ep zhph o tph`hlfo dk o{tphszkssohs'

pechpdocoklfo0di


155/168

81Kgcogtpos dk Dkseig Ipae

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