8/3/2019 1970_Primeiro Artigo BD Relacional - Edgar Frank Ted Codd

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Edgar F. Codd

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Edgar 'Ted' Codd

Edgar Frank "Ted" Codd (August 23,1923 April 18,2003) was aBritishcomputer scientist who made seminal contributions to the theory o

relational databases. While working forIBM, he created therelational model for database management. He made other valuable contributions tocomputer science, but the relational model, a very influential general theory of data management, remains his most memorable achievement.

Contents

1 Biography

2 See also

3 References

4 Notes

[edit] Biography

Edgar Frank Codd was born atPortland, Dorset, inEngland. After attending Poole Grammar School, he studied mathematicsand chemistryat

Exeter College,Oxford, before serving as a pilot in the Royal Air Forceduring the Second World War. In1948, he moved toNew Yorkto workfor IBM as a mathematicalprogrammer. In1953, angered by SenatorJoseph McCarthy, Codd moved toOttawa,Canada. A decade later he

returned to the USA and received his doctorate in computer science from the University of Michiganin Ann Arbor. Two years later he moved toSan Jose, Californiato work atIBM's Almaden Research Center.

In the1960sand1970she worked out his theories of data arrangement, issuing his paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared DataBanks" in 1970, after an internal IBM paper one year earlier. To his disappointment, IBM proved slow to exploit his suggestions until commercirivals started implementing them.

Initially, IBM refused to implement the relational model in order to preserve revenue fromIMS/DB. Codd then showed IBM customers the

potential of the implementation of its model, and they in turn pressured IBM. Then IBM included in itsFuture Systemproject aSystem Rsubproject but put in charge of it developers who were not thoroughly familiar with Codd's ideas, and isolated the team from Codd. As a resu

they did not use Codd's ownAlpha language but created a non-relational one,SEQUEL. Even so, SEQUELwas so superior to pre-relationalsystems that it was copied, based on pre-launch papers presented at conferences, byLarry Ellison in hisOracle DBMS, which actually reached

market beforeSQL/DS due to the then-already proprietary status of the original moniker, SEQUEL had been renamed SQL.

Codd continued to develop and extend his relational model, sometimes in collaboration with Chris Date. One of thenormalized forms, the Boyc

Codd Normal Form, is named after Codd. As the relational model started to become fashionable in the early1980s, Codd fought a sometimes bitcampaign to prevent the term being misused by database vendors who had merely added a relational veneer to older technology. As part of thiscampaign, he published his12 rules to define what constituted a relational database. His campaign extended to the SQL language, which heregarded as an incorrect implementation of the theory. This made his position in IBM increasingly difficult, so he left to form his own consulting

company with Chris Date and others.

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Edgar Codd coined the term OLAPand wrote the twelve laws of online analytical processing, although these were never truly accepted after it

came out that his white paper on the subject was paid for by a software vendor; he also extended the ideas in the relational model to cover databadesign issue in hisRM/T. Codd also contributed knowledge in the area ofcellular automata.

Codd received a Turing Award in1981and in1994he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery[1] .

Edgar F. Codd died ofheart failureat his home inWilliams Island, Floridaat the age of 79 on Friday,April 18,2003.[1]

In 2004,SIGMOD renamed its highest prize, SIGMOD Innovations Award, in his honour.

[edit] See also

Codd's 12 rules

Codd's cellular automaton

Database normalization

Relational Model/Tasmania (RM/T)

[edit] References

Codd, E.F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks".Communications of the ACM13 (6): 377387.

Codd, E.F. (1990). The Relational Model for Database Management, Version 2, Addison Wesley Publishing Company.ISBN 0-201-14192-2.

National Academy of Sciences (1999). "Chapt. 6: The Rise of Relational Databases",Funding a Revolution: Government Support for

Computing Research. Washington DC, USA: National Academy Press.

Date, C.J. (2000). The Database Relational Model: A Retrospective Review and Analysis: A Historical Account and Assessment of E. FCodd's Contribution to the Field of Database Technology. Addison Wesley Longman.ISBN 0-201-61294-1.

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