563TCPO

E Produtividade varivel para o servio de assentamento de alvenaria

As paredes de alvenaria so muito usadas para constituir a vedao vertical das edificaes; e, algumas vezes, cumprem tambm a funo de estrutura vertical das mesmas. Distinguem-se, portanto, as paredes de alvenaria de vedao das de alvenaria estrutural ou alvenaria resistente.

Em termos dos componentes que formam a alvenaria, fazem parte do escopo, dos valores mostrados a seguir, os blocos e tijolos e as argamassas de assentamento.

O assunto ser tratado separando as alvenarias em funo dos componentes de que so feitas em cinco tipos: de tijolo cermico furado; de blocos para alvenaria de vedao; de blocos para alvenaria estrutural; de componentes de concreto celular; e de tijolos de barro.

Para cada grupo discutem-se a produtividade da mo de obra e o consumo unitrio tanto de blocos quanto de argamassa de assentamento.

E.1 PRODUTIVIDADE DA MO DE OBRA

As faixas de valores de produtividade da mo de obra, mostradas a seguir, foram feitas com as seguintes consideraes:

a) mostram-se faixas de valores separadamente para os pedreiros e para os ajudantes diretos (aqueles que servem os oficiais estando nas imediaes da frente de servio);

b) tais faixas vm associadas aos fatores que levam a uma expectativa pior ou melhor quanto ao valor do indicador de produtividade, isto , uma proximidade maior do extremo direito ou esquerdo, respectivamente, da faixa.

TIPO 1: Alvenaria de tijolo cermico furado0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR3HGUHLUR+KP 1mRSUHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 3UHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 'HQVLGDGHPpGLDGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 'HQVLGDGHDOWDRXEDL[DGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 3UHVHQoDTXDVHTXHH[FOXVLYDGHSDUHGHVQDDOWXUDXVXDO 3UHVHQoDVLJQLILFDWLYDGHSDUHGHVDOWDVRXEDL[DVGHPDLV 3RXFRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVHQ[XWRV 0XLWRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVH[WHQVRV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVSHTXHQDV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVJUDQGHV %DL[DURWDWLYLGDGH $OWDURWDWLYLGDGH 3DJDPHQWRFRQIRUPHDFRUGDGR )DOKDQRSDJDPHQWRGRVRSHUiULRV 0DWHULDOGLVSRQtYHO )DOWDGHPDWHULDO (TXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDOGLVSRQtYHO 4XHEUDVRXLQGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHHTXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDO

0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR6HUYHQWH+KP TIPO 2: Alvenaria de blocos para alvenaria de vedao0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR3HGUHLUR+KP 1mRSUHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 3UHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 'HQVLGDGHPpGLDGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 'HQVLGDGHDOWDRXEDL[DGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 3UHVHQoDTXDVHTXHH[FOXVLYDGHSDUHGHVQDDOWXUDXVXDO 3UHVHQoDVLJQLILFDWLYDGHSDUHGHVDOWDVRXEDL[DVGHPDLV 3RXFRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVHQ[XWRV 0XLWRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVH[WHQVRV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVSHTXHQDV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVJUDQGHV %DL[DURWDWLYLGDGH $OWDURWDWLYLGDGH 3DJDPHQWRFRQIRUPHDFRUGDGR )DOKDQRSDJDPHQWRGRVRSHUiULRV 0DWHULDOGLVSRQtYHO )DOWDGHPDWHULDO (TXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDOGLVSRQtYHO 4XHEUDVRXLQGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHHTXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDO

0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR6HUYHQWH+KP TIPO 3: Alvenaria de blocos para alvenaria estrutural0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR3HGUHLUR+KP 1mRSUHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 3UHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 'HQVLGDGHPpGLDGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 'HQVLGDGHDOWDRXEDL[DGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 3UHVHQoDTXDVHTXHH[FOXVLYDGHSDUHGHVQDDOWXUDXVXDO 3UHVHQoDVLJQLILFDWLYDGHSDUHGHVDOWDVRXEDL[DVGHPDLV 3RXFRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVHQ[XWRV 0XLWRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVH[WHQVRV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVSHTXHQDV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVJUDQGHV %DL[DURWDWLYLGDGH $OWDURWDWLYLGDGH 3DJDPHQWRFRQIRUPHDFRUGDGR )DOKDQRSDJDPHQWRGRVRSHUiULRV 0DWHULDOGLVSRQtYHO )DOWDGHPDWHULDO (TXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDOGLVSRQtYHO 4XHEUDVRXLQGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHHTXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDO

564TCPO

0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR6HUYHQWH+KP

TIPO 4: Alvenaria de componentes de concreto celular0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR3HGUHLUR+KP 1mRSUHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 3UHHQFKLPHQWRGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 'HQVLGDGHPpGLDGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 'HQVLGDGHDOWDRXEDL[DGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 3UHVHQoDTXDVHTXHH[FOXVLYDGHSDUHGHVQDDOWXUDXVXDO 3UHVHQoDVLJQLILFDWLYDGHSDUHGHVDOWDVRXEDL[DVGHPDLV 3RXFRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVHQ[XWRV 0XLWRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVH[WHQVRV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVSHTXHQDV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVJUDQGHV %DL[DURWDWLYLGDGH $OWDURWDWLYLGDGH 3DJDPHQWRFRQIRUPHDFRUGDGR )DOKDQRSDJDPHQWRGRVRSHUiULRV 0DWHULDOGLVSRQtYHO )DOWDGHPDWHULDO (TXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDOGLVSRQtYHO 4XHEUDVRXLQGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHHTXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDO 0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR6HUYHQWH+KP

TIPO 5: Alvenaria de tijolos de barro0tQ 0pG 0i[ 3URGXWLYLGDGHGR3HGUHLUR+KP 'HQVLGDGHPpGLDGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 'HQVLGDGHDOWDRXEDL[DGDDOYHQDULDPGHSDUHGHPGHSLVR 3UHVHQoDTXDVHTXHH[FOXVLYDGHSDUHGHVQDDOWXUDXVXDO 3UHVHQoDVLJQLILFDWLYDGHSDUHGHVDOWDVRXEDL[DVGHPDLV 3RXFRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVHQ[XWRV 0XLWRWHPSRSDUDH[HFXWDUXPSDYLPHQWRSUD]RVH[WHQVRV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVSHTXHQDV 3DUHGHVGHHVSHVVXUDVJUDQGHV %DL[DURWDWLYLGDGH $OWDURWDWLYLGDGH 3DJDPHQWRFRQIRUPHDFRUGDGR )DOKDQRSDJDPHQWRGRVRSHUiULRV 0DWHULDOGLVSRQtYHO )DOWDGHPDWHULDO (TXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDOGLVSRQtYHO 4XHEUDVRXLQGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHHTXLSDPHQWRGHWUDQVSRUWHYHUWLFDO

E.2 CONSUMO UNITRIO DE MATERIAIS (COMPONENTES DE ALVENARIA E ARGAMASSA DE ASSENTAMENTO)

As faixas de valores de consumos de materiais, mostradas a seguir, foram feitas com as seguintes consideraes:

a) separam-se cinco tipos de alvenaria;

b) para cada tipo indicam-se os valores de consumo de componentes de alvenaria e de argamassa de assentamento;

c) cada faixa vem associada aos fatores que levam a uma expectativa maior ou menor quanto ao valor do indicador de perdas, isto , uma proximidade maior do extremo direito ou esquerdo, respectivamente, da faixa;

d) em termos do consumo de componentes de alvenaria, a figura a seguir ilustra a considerao que foi feita na gerao da expresso constante das faixas (o consumo depende das dimenses dos componentes e das perdas esperadas).

Figura Explicao da expresso relativa ao consumo de componentes de alvenaria.

TIPO 1: Alvenaria de tijolo cermico furado0tQ 0pG 0i[ $UJDPDVVDOP 8VRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDJUDQGHV 8VRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDSHTXHQRV 3HTXHQDSRUFHQWDJHPGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLVSUHHQFKLGDV 3UHHQFKLPHQWRGHWRGDVDVMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 8VRGHELVQDJDRXWDEXLQKDSDUDDSOLFDomRGHDUJDPDVVD 8VRGHFROKHUGHSHGUHLURSDUDDSOLFDomRGHDUJDPDVVD 8VRGHDUJDPDVVDVSUpGRVDGDV 'RVDJHPHPLVWXUDGDDUJDPDVVDQDREUD ([LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVSDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD ,QH[LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVSDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD 7UDQVSRUWHGHDUJDPDVVDFRPHTXLSDPHQWRVHSURFHGLPHQWRVDGHTXDGRV 7UDQVSRUWHGHDUJDPDVVDFRPHTXLSDPHQWRVHSURFHGLPHQWRVQmRUDFLRQDLV 3DUHGHVORQJDV 3DUHGHVFXUWDV ([LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHILQLGR 3URMHWRLQFRPSOHWRRXFRPLQGHILQLo}HV ([LVWrQFLDGHFRPSRQHQWHVFRPSOHPHQWDUHVSDUDDFHUWRGDPRGXODomRGDDOYHQDULD $FHUWRGDPRGXODomRFRPDUJDPDVVD )XURVGRVWLMRORVQDKRUL]RQWDO )XURVGRVWLMRORVQDYHUWLFDO

565TCPO

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TIPO 2: Alvenaria de blocos para alvenaria de vedao0tQ 0pG 0i[ $UJDPDVVDOP 8VR GH FRPSRQHQWHV GH DOYHQDULDJUDQGHV 8VR GH FRPSRQHQWHV GH DOYHQDULDSHTXHQRV 3HTXHQD SRUFHQWDJHP GH MXQWDVYHUWLFDLVSUHHQFKLGDV 3UHHQFKLPHQWR GH WRGDV DV MXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 8VR GH ELVQDJD RX WDEXLQKD SDUDDSOLFDomRGHDUJDPDVVD 8VR GH FROKHU GH SHGUHLUR SDUDDSOLFDomRGHDUJDPDVVD 8VRGHDUJDPDVVDVSUpGRVDGDV 'RVDJHP H PLVWXUD GD DUJDPDVVDQDREUD ([LVWrQFLD GH SURFHGLPHQWRV SDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD ,QH[LVWrQFLD GH SURFHGLPHQWRV SDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD 7UDQVSRUWH GH DUJDPDVVD FRPHTXLSDPHQWRV H SURFHGLPHQWRVDGHTXDGRV 7UDQVSRUWH GH DUJDPDVVD FRPHTXLSDPHQWRVHSURFHGLPHQWRVQmRUDFLRQDLV 3DUHGHVORQJDV 3DUHGHVFXUWDV ([LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHILQLGR 3URMHWR LQFRPSOHWR RX FRPLQGHILQLo}HV ([LVWrQFLD GH FRPSRQHQWHVFRPSOHPHQWDUHV SDUD DFHUWR GDPRGXODomRGDDOYHQDULD $FHUWR GD PRGXODomR FRPDUJDPDVVD )XURVGRVEORFRQDKRUL]RQWDO )XURVGRVEORFRVQDYHUWLFDO

0tQ 0pG 0D[ DHYEHK DHYEHK DHYEHK %ORFRVXQP %ORFRVGHPDLRUHVSHVVXUD %ORFRVGHPHQRUHVSHVVXUD 8WLOL]DPVHSHoDVFRPSOHPHQWDUHVSDUDDFHUWRGHPRGXODomR %ORFRVVmRFRUWDGRVSDUDDFHUWDUPRGXODomR 3DUHGHVJUDQGHV 3DUHGHVSHTXHQDV %ORFRVGHERDTXDOLGDGH %ORFRVGHPiTXDOLGDGH %ORFRVSDOHWL]DGRV %ORFRVQmRSDOHWL]DGRV (QYLRGRQ~PHURFRUUHWRGHEORFRVSDUDDVIUHQWHVGHWUDEDOKR 1~PHURGHEORFRVDOHDWyULRQDVIUHQWHVGHWUDEDOKR ([LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHDOYHQDULD 1mRH[LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHDOYHQDULD 8VRGHIHUUDPHQWDVHWpFQLFDVDGHTXDGDVSDUDRFRUWHGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULD &RUWHGRVFRPSRQHQWHVpIHLWRFRPDSUySULDFROKHUGHSHGUHLURRXRXWUDVIHUUDPHQWDVHWpFQLFDVLQDGHTXDGDV &RQWUROHGHTXDOLGDGHHTXDQWLGDGHQRUHFHELPHQWR 1mRH[LVWrQFLDGHFRQWUROHGHTXDOLGDGHHTXDQWLGDGHQRUHFHELPHQWR ([LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVGHH[HFXomR 1mRH[LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVGHH[HFXomR 1mRDGRomRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDSDUDHQFKLPHQWRV $GRomRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDSDUDHQFKLPHQWRV TIPO 3: Alvenaria de blocos para alvenaria estrutural0tQ 0pG 0i[ $UJDPDVVDOP 8VRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDJUDQGHV 8VRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDSHTXHQRV 3HTXHQDSRUFHQWDJHPGHMXQWDVYHUWLFDLVSUHHQFKLGDV 3UHHQFKLPHQWRGHWRGDVDVMXQWDVYHUWLFDLV 8VRGHELVQDJDRXWDEXLQKDSDUDDSOLFDomRGHDUJDPDVVD 8VRGHFROKHUGHSHGUHLURSDUDDSOLFDomRGHDUJDPDVVD 8VRGHDUJDPDVVDVSUpGRVDGDV 'RVDJHPHPLVWXUDGDDUJDPDVVDQDREUD ([LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVSDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD ,QH[LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVSDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD 7UDQVSRUWHGHDUJDPDVVDFRPHTXLSDPHQWRVHSURFHGLPHQWRVDGHTXDGRV 7UDQVSRUWHGHDUJDPDVVDFRPHTXLSDPHQWRVHSURFHGLPHQWRVQmRUDFLRQDLV 3DUHGHVORQJDV 3DUHGHVFXUWDV ([LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHILQLGR 3URMHWRLQFRPSOHWRRXFRPLQGHILQLo}HV ([LVWrQFLDGHFRPSRQHQWHVFRPSOHPHQWDUHVSDUDDFHUWRGDPRGXODomRGDDOYHQDULD $FHUWRGDPRGXODomRFRPDUJDPDVVD &RPSRQHQWHVVHPIXURV &RPSRQHQWHVFRPIXURV

566TCPO

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0tQ 0pG 0i[ DHYEHK DHYEHK DHYEHK %ORFRVXQP (QYLRGRQ~PHURFRUUHWRGHEORFRVSDUDDVIUHQWHVGHWUDEDOKR 1~PHURGHEORFRVDOHDWyULRQDVIUHQWHVGHWUDEDOKR ([LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHDOYHQDULD 1mRH[LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHDOYHQDULD &RQWUROHGHTXDOLGDGHHTXDQWLGDGHQRUHFHELPHQWR 1mRH[LVWHRFRQWUROHGHTXDOLGDGHHTXDQWLGDGHQRUHFHELPHQWR ([LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVGHH[HFXomR 1mRH[LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVGHH[HFXomR 1mRDGRomRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDSDUDHQFKLPHQWRV $GRomRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDSDUDHQFKLPHQWRV

TIPO 5: Alvenaria de tijolos de barro 0tQ 0pG 0i[ $UJDPDVVDOP 8VRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDJUDQGHV 8VRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHDOYHQDULDSHTXHQRV 8VRGHDUJDPDVVDVSUpGRVDGDV 'RVDJHPHPLVWXUDGDDUJDPDVVDQDREUD ([LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVSDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD ,QH[LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVSDUDGRVDJHPHRXPLVWXUDQDREUD 7UDQVSRUWHGHDUJDPDVVDFRPHTXLSDPHQWRVHSURFHGLPHQWRVDGHTXDGRV 7UDQVSRUWHGHDUJDPDVVDFRPHTXLSDPHQWRVHSURFHGLPHQWRVQmRUDFLRQDLV 3DUHGHVORQJDV 3DUHGHVFXUWDV ([LVWrQFLDGHSURMHWRGHILQLGR 3URMHWRLQFRPSOHWRRXFRPLQGHILQLo}HV ([LVWrQFLDGHFRPSRQHQWHVFRPSOHPHQWDUHVSDUDDFHUWRGDPRGXODomRGDDOYHQDULD $FHUWRGDPRGXODomRFRPDUJDPDVVD &RPSRQHQWHVVHPIXURV &RPSRQHQWHVFRPIXURV

567TCPO

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