REPORTED SPEECH

Reproduzir o que uma outra pessoa disse corresponde ao “discurso indirecto”. Ocorrem as seguintes transformações:

Todas as marcas de discurso directo têm de ser suprimidas.

Alterações nos pronomes pessoais e possessivos:

DISCURSO DIRECTO

DISCURSO INDIRECTO

Pronomes Pessoais SujeitoI She/HeWe TheyYou She/He/They

Pronomes Pessoais SujeitoMe Her/HimUs ThemYou Her/Him/Them

Adjectivos PossessivosMy Her/HisOur TheirYour Her/His/Their

Pronomes PossessivosMine Hers/HisOurs TheirsYours Hers/His/Theirs

Pronomes ReflexosMyself Herself/HimselfYourself Herself/HimselfOurselves ThemselvesYourselves Themselves

Alterações em expressões de lugar e de tempo 1 :

Today That dayYesterday The day beforeLast nigth The nigth beforeAgo BeforeNow ThenHere ThereTomorrow The next dayThis/These That /ThoseTonight That nightNext week The following week

Alterações nos tempos verbais:

1 Estas transformações nem sempre não são obrigatórias e estão sujeitas à lógica da frase

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DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHSimple present Simple pastPresent Continuous Past ContinuousSimple past

Past perfectPresent perfect

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Simple future (will) Conditional (would/could)

Imperative « To » Infinitive

1. Report the following statements:a) I’m having a party next week. He said…b) Someone is following me. She said…c) I’ll have to write to your parents. She told the boys…d) I don’t understand anything. He said…e) I go to the library once a week. Helen said…f) We won’t do this again. They said…g) I want to go to South America. Michael said…h) We haven’t seen her for ages. They said…i) She’s the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen. He said…j) He didn’t come in for tea. Peter said…k) We’ll have to wait till she comes. They said…l) I went to the cinema with my parents yesterday night. Laura said…m) I know we don’t have enough money. John said…n) They tried to make them leave the office. She said…o) The farmer doesn’t know why the weather is going to change. They

said…p) Carol wasn’t invited to the party. He said…q) They divided the cake into three pieces. She said…r) There was a terrible accident near my school two weeks ago. Mary

said…s) The robbery wasn’t dicouvered until the evening. They said…

2. Report the following statements (IMPERATIVE) according to the example: “Pack tour things. (she/tell/we) = She told us to pack our things”:

a) Be nice to her! (he/ask/I)b) Do these exercises. The teacher/tell/they)c) Don’t sign the document. (Mr King/request/they)d) Don’t ever go alone at night. (David/advise/they)e) Pack your things. (he/tell/she)f) Don’t spend all that money. (she/ask/they)g) Be sure not to leave the door open. (he/warn/Michael)h) Always keep your money with you. (Jill/advise/I)i) Don’t be gone for to long. (Ann/beg/we)j) Close those windows, please. (She/ask/he)k) Come over here. (the mother/tell/he)

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Quanto aos verbos modais   :

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Can CouldMay MightMight Might

MustMust (regulations/prohibitions/probability) Had to (present necessity or obligation)

Should ShouldOught OughtNeedn’t Needn’t

1. Report the following statements:a) I can’t swim yet. He said…b) You may have a fever. Ann said…c) He must be a millionaire! They exclaimed…d) I might be mistaken. I assumed…e) He must leave the country at once. They said…f) Children should eat more vegetables. The doctor said…g) You ought to do some extra work. the teacher said…h) You must look everywhere to find it. He said…i) You must buy a new pair of shoes. Mother said…j) You must phone her before she leaves the flat. She said…k) You mustn’t smoke in here. The man said…L) You must buy it now or it will disappear from the market. She said…

REPORTING QUESTIONS

Atenção à ordem das palavras! É preciso desfazer a interrogativa: o sujeito é colocado antes do verbo como em qualquer frase afirmativa e o verbo “to do”, quando auxiliar da interrogativa, é retirado por não ser necessário à construção da afirmativa.

Para as “W questions” mantemos a “W word” com a frase na afirmativa: Ex.: Why are you late? She asked why he was late. / What do you want? He asked her what she wanted.

Para as restantes frases interrogativas utilizamos “whether” ou “if” para introduzir a questão.

Ex.: Are you enjoying yoursefl? She asked me if/whether I was enjoying myself. / are you going to the cinema? He asked her if/whether she was going to the cinema.

1. Report the following sentences according to the example: “Are you going to the fair? = She asked me if/whether I was going to the fair”:

a) Have you got all your luggage? She asked me…b) Do you like vegetables?c) Do you know the way to the train station?d) Where do you live?

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e) Will you have to stay at home?f) Is there someone sitting near them?g) Has anybody seen Angela?h) Did they move again?

2. Report the following statements:a) At what time will it start?b) Why did he go away so early?c) Which one did you choose?d) What are you looking at?i) What’s your address?e) What did John tell you to do?f) Where did Jim find this box?g) Who broke the window?

3. Report the following statements and vary the introducing verbs choosing among the following: “ask/inquire/wonder/want to know”. Use “she” as the subject:

a) Are you sure it will rain?b) Did you see our English teacher this morning?c) Why don’t you speak to him in Chinese?d) Do I have to give it back?e) Why don’t you phone the editor?f) Did you buy anything for me?g) Why didn’t he succeed?h) What caused the explosion?i) Why did no horse escape?j) What else do you want Hary to do?k) Didn’t you see the birds?l) Will you please tell him I miss him?m) Do you think they’re shouting?n) Will this be all right?o) How are you going to mend it if you don’t know how to?p) Can you remember when you heard the story?q) Do you want to know why I didn’t come?r) What words did the policeman use to explain why he did this?s) Will you tell me when you expect to arrive?t) Does the economist say that computers will be taking decisions for us

in the future?u) Why did the man say he had committed that crime?v) How did Linda begin her career and what sort of articles did she

write?

4. Rewrite the following statements turning them into direct speech:

a) She said that she couldn’t see me.b) She asked me to meet her at 12:30.c) He told her that she was the best girl in the world.d) He said that Mr. Green would send it to him.e) He said that he had had a strange dream.f) The girls said that they were still packing their cases.g) He told her to go to sleep.h) My mother told me not to forget anything.i) He said that the editor of the newspaper hadn´t written any letter.

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j) He asked me whether she liked the countryside.k) The teacher asked me if she had to get there at eight.l) She asked whether they’d reduced the prices.m) He told me he knew a man who could do it.n) I told him he mustn’t overtake all the cars.o) They asked me whether there would be any danger.p) They wanted to know what would be done with the old ship.q) I told her I thought the work wasn’t very interesting.r) They asked him how many gold medals he thought the team would

win.s) Thye manager said that they might win a medal if they were lucky.t) He said that if that happened again, he would have to write to our

parents.

5. Report the following statements and choose the most adequate reporting verb:

a) Of course he was ill, he said.b) Let me borrow your car, Harry said to his father.c) I’m not cheating, I assure you!, the boy said to the teacher.d) Yes, I’ll pick you up at five, Peter said to his friend.e) Sorry for breaking the vase, he said.f) Control yourself, or I’ll do the same damage to your car, the driver

said.g) Marcia probably hates Alison, he said.h) I’m not going to pay one pound to go in, she said.i) Perhaps you might post this letter for me while you’re shopping, she

said.j) It’s possible that the restaurant near our school isn’t clean, they said.k) Well, yes, I’ll do as you say, Bruce said to his mum.l) What a fool I was not to accept that job! It can’t be helped, now, he

said.m) No, I haven’t stollen the purse, the man said.n) If you are so clever, why don’t you do it yourself? Ann said.o) I’m terribly annoyed with the smell of your cats, my neighbour said.p) I won’t speak to him if he doesn’t apologize first, she said.q) You drive dangerously and you don’t pay attention. That’s why you

raninto me, the young lady said to thye truck driver.

REPORTED SPEECH MIXED EXERCISES

1. Change the following sentences into reported speech.a) The spokesman said: "I can't understand why billiards has been prohibited."b) Gihan exclaimed: "We have had too many prohibitions.c) The young lady said: "I did not make such a mistake."d) She said: "We'll go and get some food."e) Winston Churchill said: "I wake up at six every day"f) A company representative said: "This probably won't happen."g) A farmer said: "If the situation goes on like this, we will lose the consumers'

confidence for ever".h) He added: "We need someone who will realise that celibacy has to be a

personal choice".i) She said: "I think the amount of immigrants right now is OK, but I don't think

we need any more".

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j) He said: "In Japan paper-folding was valued for its decorative function".k) "If I don't win this game, I will retire," Kasparov said.l) The police said: "Youssef planned the World Trade Centre bombing".m) She said: "As a woman, my life will change with the new millennium".n) "I watched a documentary about dolphins on TV yesterday," said John.o) "I'm living the adventure of my life," Banderas said.

2. Change the following sentences into reported speech.a) "Please, don't say anything to him", he said.b) "Don't talk to me like that," said his mother.c) She said: "Don't smoke if you want to save money."d) "Buy me the paper if you're going out", Alice asked her brother.e) He asked: "Do you often play rugby?"f) The doctor asked: "Do you ever feel this pain in your stomach before

meals?"g) Michael asked her: "Where did you find these trainers?h) Michael wondered: "Why do I do this every day?"i) "What time did the film start?" she asked.j) Her parents asked her: "Why do you want to become a bullfighter?"k) They asked her mother: "Does he often come home late from

school?"l) The judge asked Karl: "How long have you known the accused? "m) "He works in a bank"She said…n) "We went out last night". She told me…o) "I'm coming!" She said…p) "I was waiting for the bus when he arrived". She told me…q) " I'd never been there before". She said…r) "I didn't go to the party". She told me…s) "Lucy will come later". She said…t) "He hasn't eaten breakfast". She told me…u) "I can help you tomorrow" She said

3. Change the following sentences into reported speech.a) "She hasn't eaten sushi before". She said…b) "I hadn't traveled by underground before I came to London" She saidc) "They would help if they could". She said…d) "I'll do the washing-up later". She told me…e) "He could read when he was three". She said…f) "I was sleeping when Julie called" She said….g) "You should go to bed early". She told me…h) "I don't like chocolate". She told me…i) "I won't see you tomorrow". She said…j) "She's living in Paris for a few months". She said…k) "I visited my parents at the weekend". She told me… l) Al Gore said: "As a teenager, one of the books that I read was Silent

Spring."m) "I was taught information technology in this course," she said.n) My aunt said: "Single men should drive slowly if they want to live

longer'o) He said: "We are here today to reach consensus"p) Last week Julia said: "We will meet our new instructor tomorrowq) I'll be back in five minutes."

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