I

Crary

(1997:69)"A group of phonological disorders resulting from disruption of

central sensorimotor processes that interfere with motor learning for speech"

):

–

markedness

Jakobson 1941

YXX Y

YXCVCVC

CVCCV

X>Y>Z

(X)

JakobsonX-Y

XY

PrWd

Feet

Syllables

Segments

Features

Selkirk 1984,

Nespor & Vogel 1986

Prince

Hayes 1981, Kager 1989

s

PrWd

sFF

ss

kle. man. ' ti. na

bi.'ra

'bi.ra

te.le].fon

Dresher & Kaye 1990

(Bat –El 1993

(onsetnucleus

codarhyme

V

l bottle

Jakobson 1941

Chomsky & Halle 1968

(onset

(CC)

coda

CCC

CVC

.CV>V, CV>CVC

, McCarthy & PrinceHayes 1989

f ox

CV

CVCVC

CVC.CVCV

Kenstowicz

VCVSenufoHawaiinSomali, Tangale Yawelmani

V CVVCCVC

CCVCCVCC

CVV

CVba baaCVV

ba

loudnessLadefoged 1975

(Steriade 1982, Clements 1990

onset

coda

Kenstowicz 1994taytad

tay.taytad.tadt

yt d

ta

ta

a

t

tdb,p

k,g,x .(Dinnsen 1996

x

q

t,dk,g,xa

feature

– SPEChomsky & Halle1968

Goldsmith 1976

–SPE

[+cont-cont

(underspecification

Rice 1992, Archengeli 1988

coronal

tk

[dorsal

Maddieson 1984

–

t

Placet,p,k

(full specification

(underspecification

CV(C1C2

SSG(Sonority Sequencing Generalization

Clenemets 1990levana

kxulalv

OCPObligatory Contour Principle

(McCarthy 1986/xi.le.lu/ /dib.ru/

Syllable Contact

Ponapeanrot-rottr

rotorotRice 1992

Diola-Fogny

ujuk-ja]kj

ujuja Sapir

1965(Rice 1992

CVC1C

Sidamo gudnonni

[gun.don.nidn

Vennemann 1988

(Rice 1992

Ingram 1989, Grunwel 1981

Ingram 1986

['gi.da] cvccv

ba.'bu] cvcvc

dur

CV

[dad]

'de.del

]fe'.fabi.bu'

'tu.ti

kop]

[ta.'dur–

STOPPING[bi.'lon].

FRONTING tof

BACKINGkov]

FrontingBacking

–

–Rice & Avery 1995

–

GLIDING (l ,r(y,w [yo]wo.'ve]

ta.'pi]

tiers

association lines

Goldsmith

McCarthy &

Prince 1986, Selkirk 1980, Hayes 1986

McCarthy & Prince

PrWd

FOOT

SYLLABLE

MORA

(1995) Demuth and Fee

CV

bi.bi:baby [pu.pu:]

pu:s .

CVCV

CVCCVVfoot

bo:.mi;ba.lon

mnwel

Graf & Ussishkin 2001, Becker 2002

Adam

inttrin

pompabalon

Fikkert 1994

te:la’fo:n

fo:m

tfo

te.fe.'fo

te:.le.fo:m

Adam

CV) VC

af

–

nei.’ka ka i.'ka nei.'ka nei.'ka

ra.'ke.vet ve 'ke.ve (r)a.'ke.ve(t) (r)a.'ke.ve(t) melafe’fon fo(n) fe’fon lafe’fon melafe’fon

CV

pb

Jakobson 1941

–(Dinnsen

b,p,d,t,g,km,ny,w

Jakobson

dorsal–coronal

[labial]

Shahin 1994

q/

bt

–

Prince &

Smolensky 1993Paradis & Prunet Lombardi

mn

m

n

mn

mn

nm

fp–

–

Dinnsen 1996

p,b,t,d,n,m,

s,z

c

/bg

pk(Macken 1980)VOT

–

Macken

VOT

–VOT

–VOT

–VOT

CV

de Vijver 1998(Levelt & van

–

CV

Hua

C)VCCC

CV

Demuth & Fee 1995, Fikkert 1994

CVCV

CVVCVC

(Fikkert 1994, Demuth and Fee 1995

(Fikkert 1994, Archibald 1995

Kehoe & Stoel-Gammon 1997

Adam (2002

Tealman & Gillis

etelatletat

CVCV

(CVC

–

Kehoe & Stoel-Gammon 1997

Miller (1986:54)

"A disorder of the higher cortical processes

involved in a planning and execution of learned, volitional, purposeful movments in the

presence of normalreflexes, power, tone, co-ordination and sensation"

IV(DSM

Developmental Co-ordination Disorder)

Portwood 1999

Pedretti et al. (1996:235)

purposeful movements")"Inability to plan and perform

Maassen et al. (2001:145

("A Speech disorder that consists of the inability to produce speech

sounds by moving the articulators (tongue, lips, jaw) in the right position and to

correctly sequence sounds into syllables and words"

, Aram & Nation (1982:165

("Multiple components of the expressive

grammer were involved in the disorder"

DAS

Darley et al )

1975, Maassen et al. 2001

Crary

I

Worster-Drought (1956:453"Isolated weakness or

paralysis of the muscular structures which derive their nerve supply… and thus includes

the periphal organs of speech"

al. 1954) etMorely

Morely

DAS

DAS –

Rosenbek & Wertz 1972

–Aram

(Rosenberg & Wertz 1972, Aram & Glasson 1979

Kent 2000

Shrieberg et al.1997

Shriberg et al. (1997

DAS

Tallal 1976

DAS

Bridgman & Snowling

(Aram & Flasson 1979)

Maquardt et al 2002, Shriberg et al.1997a

Marion

(1993

DDK

Crary 1997

(Pre-articulatory Sequencing

Deficit

McCabe, Rosental, &

McLeod 1998, Ozanne 1995

DAS-

Guyette & Dietrich 1981

Shrieberg, Aram & Kwiatkowski 1997, Yoss & Darley 1974

DAS

DDKpa-ta-ka

Crary 2002Murdoch, Attard & Stokes 1995,

Yoss & Darley 1974

Marquardt et al.2001

Davis 2002

DAS

CV(Aram & Glasson 1984

Crary

Johns & Darley

Itoh & Sasanuma 1984Crary 1997

(Crary

(twen/tren(dak/trak)

e

Ludwig & Crary

CVCVC

Aram

(Bradford & Dod 1996)

Rosenbek & Wertz 1972, Yoss &

Darley 1974

Shrieberg et al

DAS

(Shrieberg et al. 1997

DAS

pitchloudness

DAS

DAS

(Shriberg, Aram, &

(Kwiatkowski 1997a

(Vellman & Shriberg 1999

Skinder et al.

Yoss & Darley

DDK

DAS

Shriberg et

al. 2003, Shriberg et al. 2003a

Shriberg et al. (2003a

Guyette &

Diedrich

DAS

DASDAS

DAS

Yoss & Darley

DAS

DAS

fronting

backing

DAS

Jaffe 1986

DAS

DDKDiadochokinesis

Stackhouse 1992

Tobin

.(Hodge

1994, Bernthal & Bankson 1993

DAS

oral praxis

DDKpa-ta-ka

Murdoch, Attard & Stokes 1995, Stackhouse 1992

Williams & Stackhouse 2000)

DDK

Crary 1993

Ludwig & Crary 1981

Crary

IPA

Bernthal &

Bankson 1988

Bernthal & Bankson

1988

IPA

Bernthal & Bankson 1988

VCVC(VCV

CVCVC

CCVCCVC

CVCCV

'sa.baCVCVsir

CVC–mig.'dalCVCCVC

dliCCVkufsa

CVCCV

b

s'sa.ba

mas.'rekmix.na.'sa.im

-'o.to.bus

v/zvuv'xa.lav

a.va.'ti.ax

['o.to]

Lombardi2002se.'ar

ba.'lon

'se.fer

ki.'se

Adam

tana

tam

‘ti.na‘te.fon

po’tam‘ti.na‘te.fon

po.’tam

a.’ti.na‘te.le.fon

: po.po.’tam

e.a.’ti.na]

'ma.im ma

ma.'tos os

a.'ni ni

yal.'da ta

ka.'dur du

'i.ma ma

ci.'por po

bisk.'vit bi

'du.bi bi

pa.'ra pa

CVosVC

os

pobi

bima

ma

ma.'tos os

a.'ni ni

ka.'dur du

mi.'ta ta

a.fi.'fon pon

ma.ta.'na na

'du.bi 'tu.bi

'ko.va 'o.pa

'gli.da 'a.da

'bam.ba 'ba.ba

'te.le.fon 'te.pon

ei.'na.im 'na.i

of.'na.im 'na.i

no.'se.a 'e.a

maf.'te.ax 'te.ax

ra.'ke.vet 'ke.ve

miv.'re.et 'e.set

cfar.'de.a 'de.a

ca.'la.xat 'la.xat

miv.'re.et 'fe.fet

ya.'da.im 'da.im

a.ga.'la ga.'la

me.xo.'nit xo.'nit

a.vi.'ron bi.'lo

gu.fi.'ya fi.'ya

ku.bi.'yot bu.'yot

san.da.'lim da.'im

'na.i'ke.ve

fi.'yabi.'lo

'te.pon

ma.'te] te.ax] ,'

ma.'te] - 'te.ax]

'te.axma.'te

te.le.'viz.ya 'viz.ya

tar.ne.'go.let 'go.let mix.na.'sa.im 'sa.im

na.a.'la.im 'a.im

mix.na.'sa.im 'sa.im tar.ne.'go.let 'go.let

he.li.'kop.ter 'kop.te

gaf.ru.'rim a.fu.'im

mi.ka.'fa.im ka.'fa.i a.ga.'la a.ga.'la

me.la.fe.'fon a.fe.'fon

maf.'te.ax a.'te.ax

me.cil.'ta.im ci.'ta.im ma.ga.'fa.im ka.'fa.im

me.xo.ni.'yot xo.no.'yot

–

tar.ne.'go.let ta. e.'do.let

he.li.'kop.ter he.li.'ko.ke mix.na.'sa.im mi.sa.'sa.im ma.ga.'fa.im a.ga.'fa.i

i.po.po.'tam i.po.o.'tam

xul.'ca 'tu.'sa mi.'ta 'mi.'ta ar.'ye 'a.'ye

bar.'vaz 'pa.'pas ri.'mon 'i.'mon mif.'ras 'mi.'fas

la.'van 'ya.'van

Adam

Fikkert 1994

Fte.fe]F['fon

Fikkert

Adam 2002

bope

pogo

Johnson, Lewis & Hogan 1997

Adam 2002)

budatuba

butaka

ba natuma

bapagaka

Adam

Adam

Adi- Bensaid & Bat- El

mamopai

Fee 1995) Demuth and

Fikkert1994

Adam

au

ba

Dromi et al.

a i u o e Levelt

pa

p

r

:

,]ni'.a[,] im.ma'[

] ma.i' [

]rpo'.ci([,]ra'.pa[, ]vit.skbi'([

,]bi.du'[

]ost'.ma[, ]rdu'.ka [os

to

auAdam 2002

Adam 2002

––

Demuth

Fikkert

CV

1976Ingram Smith 1973,

xot

os

pon

te.'xo

a.'tii.'so

['pil.pelpar.'par

pam.'pobar.'baz'bam.ba

max.'vat

sa.da.'lim

–

mmis.pa.'ra.im

mix.na.'sa.imma.ga.'fa.imm

m

–

-

CV

CVCVCV

CV

le lev

ne ner

to tof

ko kos

tu tut

ke ken

go dov

mi mic

ya yam

vi kvi

ba bat

'na.a 'na.al

'ba.i 'ba.it

'ye.le 'ye.led

'ke.me 'e.me.

'ke.le 'ke.lev

'le.xe 'le.xem

'a.ko 'ram.kol

ba.'ba bar.'vaz

me.'i me.'il

ka.'lo a.'lo

da.'na za.'nav

pa.'ti pa.'ti

ma.'me mas.'mer

'so.ko.la 'o.ko.lad

ta.'pu.a ta.'pu.ax

o.'na.i oz.'na.im

ga.'ba.i gar.'ba.im

a.'ke.ve ra.'ke.vet

mi.ka.'ki mis.xa.'kim

a.bi.'o a.vi.'ron

me.lu.'le.xe e.lux.'le.xet

'ta.tor trak.tor

'ta.tik 'mas.tik

efa.' max. 'ev

du.'fin dol.'fin

i.'xak mis.'xak

ma.'pik mas.'pik

a.'buk bak.'buk

a.'pex ma. 'pex

ma.'zek maz.'leg

ke.'mad nex.'mad

tu.'xan ul.'xan

a.'tex mas.'mer

pa.'pax par.'par

'a.bu.las 'am.bu.lans

a.'te.ax maf.'te.ax

a.'ya.im rag.'la.im

o.'ka.im oz.'na.im

mi.'be.set miv'.re. et

sa.da.'lim san.da.'lim

ga.ga.'lim gal.ga.'lim

su.su.'yot su.kar.'yot

mi.sa.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

i.pa.'a.im mis.pa.'ra.im

'sta.i'ba.ia.'pu.a

e.'xadya.'vana.'sef

l 'pil.pel 'pil.pel

r 'tar.tor 'trak.tor

m 'bam.bam 'bam.ba

m 'pam.pa 'bam.ba

s 'mas.tik 'mas.tik

'e. ba 'ec.ba

t ket. op 'ket. op

l yal.'da yal.'da

l tul.'xan ul.'xan

l xul.'ca xul.'ca

r par.'par par.'par

r bar.'baz bar.'vaz

m pam.'po am.'po

m kim.'la sim.'la

m im.'la sim.'la

n pan.'ter psan.'ter

z naz.'led maz.'leg

s bis.'bik bisk.'vit

s as.'me mas.'mer

s mas.'xik mac.'xik

f kif.' a kiv.'sa

x mex.lux.'lax me.lux.'lax

e.be.'ot ec.ba.'ot

g,n ag.van.'ya ag.van.'ya

g ag.va.'ya ag.van.'ya

x max .e.'fa max .e.'fa .

f af.ta.'a af.ta.'a

f maf.'te.ax maf.'te.ax

x max.'be. et max.'be.ret

t a.'bat.ya am.'bat.ya

f caf.'de.a cfar.'de.a

x ix.la.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

k e.li.'pok.ter he.li.'kop.ter

mi .ta.'a.im mis.pa.'ra.im

x pox.'na.im ci.por.'na.im

l pal.te.'li.na plas.te.'li.na

Dinnsen1996

r

lmn

onset

CV

po po

six sir

xol xol

pe pe

ba bat

ze ze

xut xut

mi mic

pil pil

mit mic

tut sus

cav cav

ec ec

xum xum

ke ken

tu tut

lo lo

su sus

ta dag

ko kos

CVV

Fikkert 1994, Pater & Barlow 2003

()

l a.'van la.'van

l e.'tan lei.'can

m a.'tos ma.'tos

m a.'kom ma.'kom

m i.'xak mis.'xak

m a.'pex ma.'pex

m a.'me mas.'mer

n a.'xon na.'xon

x a.'tul xa.'tul

b a.'buk bak.'buk

l 'le.xe 'le.xem

n 'na.al 'na.al

m ma.'kel ma.'kel

m ma.'tos ma.'tos

s 'sa.ba 'sa.ba

x 'xe.be 'xe.vel

b ba.'lon ba.'lon

k ka.'pit ka.'pit

k 'ko.ba 'ko.va

t ti.’not ti.'nok

t ta.'pu ta.'puz

…CV. 'CVCVV. 'CVCV. 'CV

(…'CV.CV'V.CV'CV.CV(

ml

mma.'kom

ma.'kel

m

m a.'te.ax maf.'te.ax

r a.'ke.se ra.'ke.vet

t a.'fu.ax ta'pu.ax

a.'ti.yax a.'ti.ax

m a.ga.'fa.i ma.ga.'fa.im

m a.xi.'sa.im ma.ga.'fa.im

m a.ri.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

m i.ta.'ta.im mix.na.'sa.im

kl, m e.a.'ti.na kle.man.'ti.na

m a.be.'ka mad.be.'ka

m a.sa.'it ma.sa.'it

m e.lu.’la me.lu.’na

s an.da.’li san.da.’lim

x i.pu.'it iti.pu.'x

t,n a.e.'dol tar.ne.'gol

m a.te.'ta mag.le.' a

[a.xi.'sa.im

a.ga.'fa.i

m

m ma.ga.'sa.im ma.ga.'fa.im

x xi.sa.'sa.im

m mi.a.'sa.im

m mi.sa.'sa.im

m mi.na.'sa.im

m mi.xa.'sa.im

mix.na.'sa.im

m mi. ta.'ra.im

m mi. ta.'a.im

mis.pa.'ra.im

m me.ki.'ka.im me.cil.'ta.im

m mi.a .'fa.im mi.ka.'fa.im

t te.le.'vi.za

t te.e.'di.a

s se.se.'vi.za

te.le.'viz.ya

s si.po.'a.im ci.por.'na.im

k ka.du.'e.de ka.du.'re.gel

t ta.e.'go.let tar.ne.'go.let

p pal.te.'li.na plas.te.'li.na

m

Ingram(1998

m

m

m

o.'se.agi.'ta. a

a.'me

ma.ta.'te

consonant cluster

unatmnkbacomplex onset

complex coda

sonority sequencing principle

algdmi

bil.bul

aximpr nktaarxb aakvr mi

orktatr

icprhitank, neft

V CCC C V C

tut r ams

CC

[i.'na]

[ni.'na]

'gi.da]

mi.'xa

ga.’dim

Fikkert 1994

Clements 1990

Mcleod, Doom, & Read 2001

a.'u klum

'a.im 'ta.im

'a.da 'gli.da

o.'a dvo.'ra

'e.der 'sve.der

a.'dim bga.'dim

'i.da 'gli.da

i.'na gvi.'na

'i.ce 'ni.cel

i.'ta kvi.'sa

i.'xa smi.'xa

'di.da 'gli. da

da.'dim bga.'dim

'ka.ko 'trak.tor

['di.da]ka.ko]

pi.'pa])'fo.fi'fe.fe

CC

C

C

C C

z v vuv zvuv

t 'ta.i taim

t 'ta.im 'taim

s t tav stav

n 'ni.tse 'ni.cel

s v 've.ge 'sve.der

s m mi.'xa smi.'xa

g d do.'la gdo.'la

b g ga.'tim bga.'dim

d g ga.'lim dga.'lim

g v vi.'na gvi.'na

d l li dli

d v vo.'a dvo.'ra

g l 'li.da ‘gli.da

k v vi kvi

k f fa.'fo kfa.'fot

p s sa.'te psan.'ter

k c ci.’ca kci.’ca

k m mo kmo

Steriade 2000

CVCC

C

C

Smith 1973

C

C

Clements 1990, Steriade

1982, Ohala,1999

[dlikfafotC

C

VCC

VC

'gi.da

Gnanadesikan 1995, (Kappa 2002, Pater & Barlow 2003

'li.da

C C

p r pa.'xim pra.'xim

t r 'ta.to(r) 'trak.tor

t r tis tris

t r tu.'fa tru.'fa

b r be.'xa bre.'xa

s r so.'xim sro'xim

s r sox srox

k l ka.'vi kla.'vim

k l ka.'shim kla.'fim

k l ki.'pa kli.'pa

d l di dli

g l 'gi.da 'gli.da

p l 'pa.tse 'plas.ter

l o.'a lo.'a

k m ko kmo

t m tu.'no(t) tmu.'not

t m tu.'na tmu.'na

m 'o.ne 'mo.ne

n 'sa.i naim

C C

k f ka.'fa kfa.'fa

p s pan.'ter psan.'ter

s v 'se.de 'sve.de

z v zu zvuv

k x ku.'la kxu.'la

b g ba.'di(m) bga.'dim

s g su.'la sgu.'la

k t ka.'na kta.'na

–

–

C C C C

C C C C

CC

Gnanadesikan 1995

C

– C

–

C–C

Fikkert 1994

l, r–

lr

['gi.da]pa.'xim]

pan'terku.'la

'na.immu.'na

'sa.im

[tu.'not]ko

C

COALESENCE

C C

t k l ta.'lav klav.'lav

p d v po'a dvo.'ra

b k v bi kvi

b c f ba.'de.a cfar.'dea

CC

dvp

–ku.'fak

tr

Gananadesikan 1995

treepit

rp

'di.li dli

gu.du.'la gdo.'la

se.gu.'a sgu.'ra

de.lu.'ki dlu.'kim

i.mi.'xa smi.'xa

CV

'di.li

gu.du.'lae

ke.'lum

de.'lige.vi.'naze.'vuvke.xu.'lim

e[se.fa.'rim

e

e

su.su.'yot'a.ma.'la

kaf.'sim kva.'sim

pal.te.'li.na plas.te.'li.na

giv.'na'gil.da'tar.tor

sav.'deasim.'xa

gli dli

dli dli

klum klum

kluv kluv

kvi kvi

'ta.i 'ta.’im

gu.'lot sgu.'lot

cfa.'de.a cfar.'de.a

kv

'ta.i

Fikkert 1994

lr

l

rFikkert

Steriade

––

–

wyy

mi.a.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

ba.'a bar.'vaz

ya.'a yal.'da

a.'e.ret ar.'e.ret

–

–C

VCV

[…VCCV…] VCV…]

…VCV…] […V.CV…

C

CC

C

(VC1C2V

C C

C C C C

C

(CC

C

C C

s t 'ma.tik 'mas.tik

v t 'sa.ta 'sav.ta

f k ka.'ka kaf.'kaf

m b 'ba.ba 'bam.ba

z l ma.'le maz.'leg

l c xu.'ca xul.'ca

l x tu.'xan ul.'xan

s m ma.'me mas.'mer

v s ki.'sa kiv.'sa

x s mi.'se mix.'se

k b a.'buk bak.'buk

p a.'pex ma'pex

x mi.'xa mi.'xa

s p ma.'pik mas.'pik

z n o.'na.i oz.'na.im

m b a.'bat.ya am.'bat.ya

g v a.van.'ya ag.van.'ya

s p i.pa.'a.im mis.pa.'ra.im

Steriade 2000

CCCV

VC

VCVCVC2V

Ctu.’xan

mi.’se

CVVC

C

C

C C

b r 'be.ba 'zeb.ra

m l si.'ma sim.'la

z l ma.'ze(k) maz.'leg

x l o.'xim ox.'lim

s x mi.'sa mis.'xak

t x po.'tim pot.'xim

g d mi.'gal mig.'dal

g l a.'ga.im rag.'la.im

s k i.'se.se mi'ke.fet

t r pi.ti.'ya mit.ri.'ya

t r mi.ti.'ya mit.ri.'ya

d l a.di.'kim mad.'li.kim

d n na.de.'da nad.ne.'da

g v a.ga.'ya ag.van.'ya

x l a.xi.'e.li nax.li.'e.li

x n i.xa.'sa.i mix.na.'sa.im

CC

Ohala 1998, Barlow 2005

CC

C

'a.ba 'ar.ba r

'a.ti 'ar.tik r

be.'be har.'be r

ba.'ba bar.'vaz r

ba.'vaz bar.'vaz r

a.'bis mar.'bic r

a.'gas ar.'gaz r

ma.'pe 'pexma

a.'ye ar.'ye r

o.'na.im oz.'na.im z

ga.'ba.im gar.'ba.im r

o.ga.'nit or.ga.'nit r

a.na.'im ar.na.'vim r

C

'ze.ba(k) 'zeb.ra r

'je.ba 'zeb.ra r

ga.'fu gaf.'rur r

ma.'se(k) mas.'rek r

to.'fix tof.'rim r

ko.' i ko'rim r

su.'gim sog.'rim r

mi.'fax mif.'ras r

o.'mi om.'ri r

ma.'a mar.'a r

a.'ye ar.'ye r

mi.'ve.se miv.'re.et r

i.'fo.ax ef.'ro.ax r

a.ge.'fa mag.re.'fa r

p)i.ti.'ya mit.ri.'ya r

ma.o.'kit maro.'kit r

ma.de.'go mad.re.'got r

su.ka.'yo su.kar.'yot r

xa.co.'ca xa.coc.'ra r

i.ti.'ya pit.ri.'ya r

r

r

C(C2

r-b bar.'baz bar.'vaz

m-p pam.'po am.'po

m-b 'bam.ba 'bam.ba

l-d yal.'da yal.'da

l-p 'pil.pel 'pil.pel

n-t pan.'ter psan.'ter

n-t san.'te psan.'ter

n-t ti.'kan.ti ti.'kan.ti

n-d an.da.'li san.da.'lim

l-x tul.'xan ul.'xan

-v u.'vi yovim

-b ni.'ba ni.'bar

-b 'e.ba 'ec.ba

s-t 'mas.ti 'mas.tik

x-b max.'be.ret max.'be.ret

x-b ax.'ba rax.'ba

f-t af.'te.ax maf.'te.ax

f-t af.ta.'a af.ta.'a

f-t 'af.ta 'sav.ta

n-y 'ken.yon 'ken.yon

m-l sim.'la sim.'la

s-m as.'me mas.'mer

z-l maz.'led maz.'leg

f-s kif.'sa kiv.'sa

d-y 'rad.yo 'rad.yo

p-r par.'par par.'par

–

CC–

C–

–C

–CGussmann 2002

[an.da.'li[ax.'ba

r

[an.da.'liu.'vi'mas.ti

C

C–C

C

C

CC

k g t d p b

h x s z f v

c

n m

l

r y

h,

r

r

r

r

r

c r

c r

c r

c r

z r

c r

l x v z c r

r/c

z

l x v z c r

m,n,p,b,j,x,f

k,l

g,t,r

d

h,v,z,c

tkt

kt

_ot, _ut, -et, _it

–

sonorant

son-son

sonlabialslab

coronalscorvoice

nasal

nas

p,b,t,d,m,n,j

lab cor -voice p t -son

+voice b d +nas m n +son

nas y

continuentcont

[stridentstrd

[lab] cor] dor

-voice p t [-cont]

voice b d

-voice f x)* [-strd]

+voice (v)

-voice s

-son

[+cont]

[+strd]

+voice

z

[+nas] n +son

[-nas] y

szstrd

zsvfx+cont

dorsaldor

k,g

[lab] cor] dor

-voice p t k [-cont]

voice b d g

-voice f x [-strd]

+voice (v)

-voice s

-son

[+cont]

[+strd] +voice

z

[+nas] m n +son

[-nas] y

laterallat

l

[lab] cor] dor

-voice p t k [-cont]

voice b d g

-voice f x [-strd]

+voice v

-voice s

-son

[+cont]

[+strd]

+voice

z

[+nas]

m n

[+nas]

[+lat]

l

+son

[-nas]

[-lat]

y

l

c

c

c

c

c

Miccio & Ingnisano

2000 Shriberg & Kwiatkowski 1982 Stoel-Gammon 1985

[lab] cor]

[+ant]

[cor]

[-ant]

dor

-voice p t k [-cont]

[-strd]

voice b d g

[-cont]

[+strd]

c

-voice f x [-strd]

+voice v

-voice s

-son

[+cont]

[+strd]

+voice

z

[+nas]

m n

+son

[+nas]

[+lat]

l

[-nas]

[-lat]

y

r

dorson+cons]

[lab] cor]

[+ant]

[cor]

[-ant]

dor

-voice p t k [-cont]

[-strd]

voice b d g

[-cont]

[+strd]

c

-voice f x [-strd]

+voice v

-voice s

-son

[+cont]

[+strd]

+voice

z

[+nas]

m n

[-nas]

[+lat]

l

+son

[-nas]

[-lat]

y r

r

rz

z

rzcvx

l

strd

s

pf

k,g

x

zv

,c,l

r r

.(Consonant harmonyMcCarthy CV

(CVCVCV

u ae

CVCVCV

vtr

'le.le 'ye.led

'de.dek 'xe.dek

'bu.bi 'du.bi

'ka.ko 'trak.tor

'se.sa 'te. a

ee 'ge.em

ta.'tan ka.'tan

va.'vax da.'var

ka.'kom ma.'kom

pam.'po am.'po

da.'dim bga.'dim

ti.'ta mi.'ta

to.'te o'te

pa.'pu.ax ta.'pu.ax

ta.'te.ax maf.'te.ax

ga.'ge.bet ma.'ge.vet

ci.'ca.ya gi.'ta.ra

ta.'ti.ax a.va.'ti.ax

ta.'ti.a a.'ti.ax

be.bi.'bon se.vi.'von

ga.ge.'gol tar.ne.’gol

su.ya.’ya su.kar.'ya

mi.sa.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

Ingram 1974

'ta.ta'fo.fi'fa.fa'na.nu

[ci.'ca.yact

[mi.sa.'sa.im

'xa.xa *'sa.sa 'xa.sa

ba.'ba *lo.'lo ba.'lon

e.lu.'la e.nu.'na me.lu.'na

sa.'se *ra.'re mas.'rek

se.se.'vi.sa *le.le.'vi.sa te.le.'viz.ya

su.su.'ya ku.ka.'ya su.kar.'yot

gi.'ka.a ti.'ta.a gi.'ta.ra

o.’ke.ke o.’de.det ro.’ke.det

i.'ka.ga ti.'ta.ya gi.'ta.ra

'xo.xo 'vo.vo re.'xo.vot

ku.ku.'yon *do.di.'yon

ki.ki.'yon *do.di.'yon a.kor.di.'yon

te.te.'di.a le.le.'vi.za te.le.'viz.ya

'bu.bi'ta.ta

ba.'ba[na.na.'na.i

bnll

Ingram 1974

–

'ko.pa 'ko.va

gu.pi.'ya gu.fi.'ya

kop kof

kot kos

ca.'ze.a cfar.'de.a

'xo.va 'ko.va

'te.fe 'se.fer

pof kof

'te.le 'ke.lev

'pu.bi 'du.bi

ka.gu.'kal ka.dur.'sal

ka.'leg maz.'leg

ta.'du ka.'dur

a.'ef max.'ev

'ko.let tar.ne.'go.let

ka.'fa.i ma.ga.'fa.im

ga.du.'sal ka.dur.'sal

tof tov

o.'ged ro.'ked

'ba.ze 'pa.zel

'ko.fa 'ko.va

ta.'pus ta.'puz

a.'kas a.'gas

xa.'ke.fe ra.'ke.vet

jib djip

zat

pufbav

Bernhardt & Stemberger 1998, Levelt 1994

Menn 1975, Smith)

1973

final devoicing

a.’efta.'pustof

[mif.'xan

mid.'bax

final devoicing

jib

xa.'ke.fe'ko.fa

ka.'fa.io.'ged

[ga.du.'sal

fumta.'du

tan

CVC

fum[a.'das

[ ka.gu.'kalpa.'te.ax

a.pa.'ti.a

‘ke.leb

'te.le][ka.gu.'kal

Bernhardt & Stemberger1998, Ingram 1978, Levelt 1994,

ga:kdogpa.papocket

[poftof[ta.’pu]stan

[a.pa.'ti.ax'pu.bi

'te.le 'ke.lev

'pu.bi 'du.bi

'ko.pa 'ko.va

gu.pi.'ya gu.fi.'ya

ka.gu.'kal ka.dur.'sal

ta.'du rka.'du

pa.'te.ax maf.'te.ax

ca.'ze.a cfar.'dea

'ko.fa 'ko.va

a.pa.'ti.a a.va.'ti.ax

'ke.leb 'ke.lev

kop kof

tof tov

pof kof

tan kan

ka.'leg maz.'leg

'dad.yo 'rad.yo

a.'ef max.'ev

ta.'pus ta.'puz

kop]['te.le]

'ko.fa]

aiueo

Ladefoged & Maddison 1990

highu,i

o,elowa

e,o,u,iround–backo,u

a,e,i

a e i o u

high

low

back

round

Lombardi

i

aiu

eo

aiu

Lindblom 1983

Tobin 1990

ai

uo

e

a

iu

FF

uF

Fi

FFF

e,o

o a go.'dol ga.'dol

o a ko.'xol ka.'xol

o a o.'zon ram.'zor

o a bo.' lo.nim ba.lo.'nim

o a mo.'tos ma.'tos

i e ki.'lim ke.'lim

i e i. i.'ka ne. i.'ka

o e 'o.fo 'ei.fo

e i 'e.ne 'i.ne

o a o.'do.let tar.ne.'go.let

o i xo.no.'yot me.xo.ni.'yot

o u to.'not tmu.'not

a i 'a.na a.'ni

a e a.'la a.'le

[‘a.na]a.’la]

a

a

i e i.'xa e.'xad

i e i.'fo.ax ef.'ro.ax

i e i.'ma.la le.'ma.la

u o mu.'se mo.'cec

u o u.'fe ro.'fe

u o u.'sa o.'se

u o u.fa.'na.i o.fa.'na.im

u o nu.'el no.'el

u o u.'sim nos.'im

u o u.'sim o.'sim

i e ki.'lim ke.'lim

ouei

u,iki.'lim

[u.'simi.'xa

(SLI

ounu.'peu.’peu.'na.i

ko.'e

iua

(SLI

iu

au

ba

'pa.pa

'ba.ba

'a.ba

'bam.ba

i.'da

ya.'da yay.'da

yal.'da

ga.'va

ba.'zak

a.'baz

bar.'vaz

'ta.sa

'sa.xa

'xa.xa

'xa.sa

a.'ke.be

ka.'ke.be

ka.'ke.ve

'ke.vet

a.'ke.bek

ra.'ke.vet

di

'di.li

dli

dli

su.'sa

xu.'sa

suf.'xa

xul.'ca

a.'de.a

ta.a.'de.a

ta.'ze.ya cfar.'dea

a.ra.'ti.za

te.ra.'zi.za

ze.ye.'zi.za

te.le.'vi.za

te.le.'viz.ya

(Marquardt et al. 2001, Davis 2002

di

–di.’li

dli

Tealman Gillis

CV

CVC

–

mi.'se mix.'se

'de.a cfar.'de.a

a.'te.ax maf.'te.ax

xo.'nit me.xo.'nit

’go.let tar.ne.’go.let

’kop.te

e.li.’pok.te he.li.’kop.ter

ci.'ta.im me.cil.’ta.im

ka.'fa.i ma.ga.’fa.im

'xo.va 'ko.va

da

a.'da yal.'da

'da.im ya.'da.im

a.'ke.vet ra.'ke.vet

a.fu.'im gaf.ru.'rim

o.'do.le

ta. e.'do.let tar.ne.'go.let

da

'da.i

[ta. e.'do.let],

'kop.tecil.'ta.im

e.li.'pok.te

'fa.im

ta.'ta.imi.pa.'a.im

xam xam

'e.xem 'le.xem

ta.i ta.im

a.'do

a.'dom a.'dom

a.'ga.im rag.'la.im

i.'na.i ei.'na.im

i.fo.'xi ef.ro.'xim

i.xa.'sa.i mix.na.'sa.im

na.a.'la.im na.a.'la.im

mi.a'fa.i mi.ka'fa.im

mi.ta.'a.im mis.pa.'ra.im

xa xam

'sa.i na.im

a.'do

a.'dom a.'dom

i.'na.i ei.'na.im

xa.xa.'kim mis.xa.'kim

a.xi.'sa.i

a.xi.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

m

a.'dom mix.na.'sa.im

–

i.'xa smi.'xa

'di.da 'gli.da

C pan.'ter psan.'ter

gli dli

–

C vo.'a dvo.'ra

C di dli

ba'de.a cfar.'dea

di.'li

dli dli

CV

CV V

CVCV

CVCV V

CVCVCV

CVCVCV V

CVCVCVCV

CV

l, t a. te.'ta mag.le.' a

k s i.'se.se mi.'ke.fet

t f,n 'fe.e.fon 'te.le.fon

r p i.'pa.pa dzi.'ra.fa

m n a.a.'non pa.a.'mon

c k ka.ka.'i xa.ca.'it

k l 'lo.lo.la 'o.ko.lad

t s 'se.se.so 'te.le.fon

t,n g,l ga.ge.'gol tar.ne.'gol

k s,y su.ya.'ya su.kar.'ya

l t,m ta.te.'ma mac.le.'ma

x m,k mi.ka.'ki mis.xa.'kim

m,r s,k ku.su.'ki .ro.'kitma

m,r s,k su.su.'ki .ro.'kitma

m p,y pi.pi.'ya mit.ri.'ya

d c,z ca.'ze.a cfar.'de.a

f,c k,t ko.'te.tet ko.'fe.cet

p pe.pi.'po.pe he.li.'kop.ter

n na.na.'na.i na.a.'la.im

n xa.xi.'e.i nax li.'e.li

t,m tu.tu.'tam hi.po.po'tam

s,v se.se.'vi.sa te.le.'viz.ya

t,d te.ta.'di.a te.le.'viz.ya

k,n ku.ku.ku.'yon a.kor.di.'yon

m,s mi.sa.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

k,d ka.ku.'e.de ka.du.'re.gel

pe.pi.'po.pe]

ta.te.'mase.se.'vi.sa

fe.fe.'fom

nm[ca.'ze.a

zd

ku.su.'ki–su.su.'kis,k

–

–

l 'te.e.fon

l 'te.e.pom

l 'te.e.pon

'te.le.fon

n 'xa.u.ka 'xa.nu.ka

n i.'a.im i.'na.im

t gi.'a.a gi.'ta.a

l me.u.'na me.lu.'na

n

ta.e.'gol tar.ne.'gol

v a.i.'on a.vi.'ron

f gu. i.'ya gu.fi.'ya

m e.a.'ti.na kle.man.'ti.na

n me.a.'pe.ax me.na.'pe.ax

n mi.a.'sa.im mix.na.'sa.im

n

ta. e.'do.let tar. ne.'go.let

l ‘o.ko.ad ‘o.ko.lad

n o.fa.'a.im o.fa.'na.im

p

i.po.o.'tam i.po.po.'tam

l xa.xi.'e.i nax.li.'e.li

me.u.'na

me.a.'pe.ax

gi.'a.ao.fa.'a.im

mnl

r

–

'te.re.so n'te.le.fo

'o.to. bu 'o.to. bus

'lo.lo.la 'o.ko.lad

'o.ko.la 'o.ko.lad

a.'ke.be ra.'ke.vet

a.'pu.a ta.'pu.ax

a.'ke.ve ra.'ke.vet

mi.'ve.se etmiv.'re.

o.'na.i oz.'na.im

a.du.'sa ka.dur.'sal

ma.te.'xo maf.te.'xot

ba. lo.'ni ba.lo.'nim

sa.da.'li san.da.'lim

a.pa.'ti.a

a.ra.'ti.a a.va.'ti.ax

na.na.'na.i na.a.'la.im

na.'la.i na.a.'la.im

mi. a.'fa.i .ka.'fa.immi

a.bi.'o

a.ga.'fa.i

ma.sa.'ia. o.'ki

i.xa.'sa.iu.fa.'na.i

o lo

o od

e ken

i bisk.'vit

a.'u klum

'e.e 'ye.led

a.'o ca.'hov

a.'o ka.'xol

a.'o a.'dom

e.'o ne.'rot

i.'i i.'ti

a.'i a.'ni

o.'a ro.'ca

a.'a ka.'tan

a.'o ya.'rok

'a.a 'na.al

i.'a 'ti.ras

e.'o le.e.'xol

o.i'a o.ni.'a

a.i.'o a.vi.'ron

o.o.'u 'o.to. bus

Bat-El 2004Adi-Bensaid

SLI

CVVC

a.'o

(Goldstein et al 2004

Aram 1984,)

(Kent 2000

McNeil 2002

Crary 199

pa.'a ta.'a pa.'ra

'bu.bi 'pu.pi 'du.bi

sam.'po pam.'po am.'po

ka.'rit ta.'rit ka.'rit

pa.'par pa.'pax par.'par

mi.'ta ti.'ta mi.'ta

xa.ru.'zim ta.ru.'zim xa.ru.'zim

ta.'ti.ax ka.'ti.ax a.'ti.ax

dag dak dag

'ze.ba 'be.ba 'zeb.ra

gi.'ca.ra gi.'sa.ya gi.'ta.ra

kof kos kof

'tu.ki 'tu.ti 'tu.ki

ma.'de da.'ye maz.'leg

'te.le.so 'xe.xe.so 'te.le.fon

pa.’pa _a.'pa par.'par

pa.'non _a.'non ba.'lon

ka.'me.ax ka.'me.a_ sa.'me.ax

a.bi.'on a.bi.'o_ a.vi.'ron

ji.'a.fa _i.'a.fa dzi.'ra.fa

ma.'nul ma.'nu_ ma.'nul

ba.lo.'nim ba.lo.'ni_ ba.lo.'nim

'na.al '_a.a_ 'na.al

'ma.xat 'ma.xa_ 'ma.xat

ic.'pa I_.'pa ric.'pa

te.na.'ti.na _e._a.'ti.na kle.man.'ti.na

mig.'dal _i_.'dal mig.'dal

kaf ka_ kaf

maf.'te.yax ma_.'te.yax maf.'te. ax

be.'ta _.ta bei.'ca

i.mi.'xa _mi.'xa smi.'xa

ef.'o.ax _.'o.ax ef.'ro.ax

ko.'dot kot._ ne.ku.'dot

e.e.'ma _.e.'ma mac.le.'ma

mi.ta.'fa.im ta.'fa.im ka.'fa.immi

mas.'lek ka_.'leg maz.'leg

am.'bat.ya a_.'bag.ya am.'bat.ya

su.ka.'yot su.ku.'yu_ su.kar.'yot

mo.ne _o.me ‘mo.ne

ag.'la.im a_.'ya.im rag.'la.im

te.le.'di.da e.'di.da te.le.'viz.ya

a.va.'ti.ax a.ra.'ti.a_ a.va.'ti.ax

pa.'ti _a.'pi pa.'ti

te.re.'zi.za a.ra.'ti.za te.le.'viz.ya

a.si.'son a.ra.'so_ a.fi.'fon

a.ma.'ti.ax _.me.'ti.ax a.va.'ti.ax

mi.xa.'sa.im si._.'sa.i_ mix.na.'sa.im

Tealman & Gillis

McNeil 2002

Shriberg, Aram & Kwiatkowski 1997a

Ellis & Young

Adam 2002

Fikkert 1994

Tealman & Gillis 2000

Adi Bensaid & Bat-El 2004

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