xml schema xml schema é um vocabulário xml para expressar regras de negócios (sobre os dados)

XML Schema

http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema

XML schema é um vocabulário XML para expressar regras de negócios (sobre os dados).

Exemplo

<localização><latitude>32.904237</latitude><longitude>73.620290</longitude>

<incerteza unidades="metros">2</incerteza>

</localização>

° A localização precisa ser seguida de uma latitude e de uma longitude e do grau de incerteza que envolve as medidas;

° A latitude precisa ser um decimal com um valor entre -90 e 90

° A longitude precisa ser um decimal com um valor entre -180 e 180

Validando os dados:

XML Schema

XML Schemavalidatorchecar a latitude

checar a longitude

etc....

<localização>

<latitude>32.904237</latitude><longitude>73.620290</longitude>

<incerteza unidades="metros">2</incerteza>

</localização>

Proposta do schema XML

Especificar a estrutura das instâncias dos documentos!

Definir o tipo de dados (datatype) de cada elemento/atributo!

Exemplo de um esquema Schema XML

BookStore.xsd

<?xml version="1.0"?><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.books.org" xmlns="http://www.books.org" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:element name="BookStore"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="Book" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="Book"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Author" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Date" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="ISBN" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Publisher" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/></xsd:schema>

xsd = XML Schema Definition

<!ELEMENT BookStore (Book+)>

<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author, Date, ISBN, Publisher)>

<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Date (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA)>

DTD de uma Livraria (BookStore)

DTD equivalente ao Schema XML exemplificado

<?xml version="1.0"?><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.books.org" xmlns="http://www.books.org" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:element name="BookStore"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="Book" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element>

<xsd:element name="Book"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Author" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Date" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="ISBN" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Publisher" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/></xsd:schema>


<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Date (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author, Date,

ISBN, Publisher)>

<xsd:element name="name" type="type" minOccurs="int" maxOccurs="int"/>

Declaração de elementos:

Tipo simples (xsd:string) ou complexo.

Inteiro não negativo. Inteiro não negativo ou

‘unbounded’.

<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />

Alternativa

Default: minOccurs=1 e maxOccurs=1

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsd:schemaxmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"

targetNamespace="http://www.books.org"

xmlns="http://www.books.org“elementFormDefault="qualified"><xsd:element name="BookStore">

<xsd:complexType><xsd:sequence>

</xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>

</xsd:element><xsd:element name="Book">


<xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element ref="Author" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element ref="Date" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element ref="ISBN" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element ref="Publisher" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>


</xsd:element><xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/>

<xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/></xsd:schema>

<xsd:element ref="Book" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs= "unbounded"/>

<xsd:element name="name" type="type" minOccurs="int" maxOccurs="int"/>

Declaração de elementos:

Tipo simples (xsd:string) ou complexo.

Inteiro não negativo. Inteiro não negativo ou

‘unbounded’.

<xsd:element name="name" minOccurs="int" maxOccurs="int"><xsd:complexType>

...</xsd:complexType>

</xsd:element>

Alternativa


<xsd:schemaxmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"


xmlns="http://www.books.org"elementFormDefault="qualified"><xsd:element name="BookStore">





<xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs ="1"/><xsd:element ref="Author" minOccurs="1" maxOccur s="1"/><xsd:element ref="Date" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs ="1"/><xsd:element ref="ISBN" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>

<xsd:element ref="Publisher" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType></xsd:element>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/>


<xsd:element ref="Book" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xsd:element name="BookStore">

<xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence>


</xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType>

<xsd:element>

<xsd:sequence>


Book +


<xsd:schemaxmlns:xsd="http://www+.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"


xmlns="http://www.books.org" elementFormDefault="qualified"><xsd:element name="BookStore">





<xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs ="1"/><xsd:element ref="Author" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element ref="Date" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element ref="ISBN" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element ref="Publisher" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>


</xsd:element>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/>



<xsd:element name="Book"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xsd:element ref="Title" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType></xsd:element>

<!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author, Date, ISBN, Publisher)>

<?xml version="1.0"?><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.books.org" xmlns="http://www.books.org" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:element name="BookStore"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="Book" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element></xsd:schema>

Nomes para tipos complexos

Sem nome

Declaração Inline

<?xml version="1.0"?><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.books.org" xmlns="http://www.books.org" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:element name="BookStore"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="Book" type="BookPublication" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:complexType name="BookPublication"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType></xsd:schema>

Nomes para tipos complexos

Vantagem: reutilização!

Tipo de dados do usuário

<?xml version="1.0"?><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.books.org" xmlns="http://www.books.org" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xsd:simpleType name="ISBNType"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:pattern value="\d{1}-\d{5}-\d{3}-\d{1}"/> <xsd:pattern value="\d{1}-\d{3}-\d{5}-\d{1}"/> <xsd:pattern value="\d{1}-\d{2}-\d{6}-\d{1}"/> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType> <xsd:element name="BookStore"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="Book" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:gYear"/> <xsd:element name="ISBN" type="ISBNType"/> <xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element></xsd:schema>

Declaração de ISBN como do tipo ISBNType

Definição de um novo tipo de dados

<xsd:simpleType name="TelephoneNumber"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:length value="8"/> <xsd:pattern value="\d{3}-\d{4}"/> </xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>

Outros Exemplos

Restringe um tipo string a no máximo 8 caracteres, seguindo um padrão: 3 dígitos seguido por um traço (-) e mais 4 dígitos.

Outros Exemplos

<xsd:simpleType name="shape"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:enumeration value="circle"/> <xsd:enumeration value="triangle"/> <xsd:enumeration value="square"/> </xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>

Restringe um tipo string aos valores ‘circle’, ‘triangle’ e ‘square’.

Outros Exemplos

<xsd:simpleType name= "EarthSurfaceElevation"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer"> <xsd:minInclusive value="-1290"/> <xsd:maxInclusive value="29035"/> </xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>

Restringe um tipo integer a um valor mínimo igual a -1290 e máximo igual a 29035.

<xsd:element name="name" type="

type" minOccurs="int" maxOccurs="int"/>

<xsd:element name="name" minOccurs="int" maxOccurs="int"> <xsd:complexType>

... </xsd:complexType></xsd:element>

1

2

<xsd:element name="name" minOccurs="int" maxOccurs="int "> <xsd:simpleType>

<xsd:restriction base="type"> ...

</xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType></xsd:element>

3

Resumo de declaração de Elementos

Tipos Derivados

Formam uma subclasse de tipos complexos

1. Derivados por extensão: estendem o tipo complexo pai com mais elementos

2. Derivados por restrição: criam um tipo que é um subconjunto do tipo base.

2.1. Redefinir um elemento tipo base para ter uma restrição sobre os valores possíveis;

2.2. OU redefinir um elemento tipo base para ter uma restrição sobre o número de ocorrências;

<?xml version="1.0"?><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"

targetNamespace="http://www.books.org"xmlns="http://www.books.org"

elementFormDefault="qualified"><xsd:complexType name="Publication">

<xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:gYear"/></xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType><xsd:complexType name="BookPublication">

<xsd:complexContent><xsd:extensionbase="Publication"><xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/>

</xsd:sequence></xsd:extension>

</xsd:complexContent></xsd:complexType>

<xsd:element name="BookStore"><xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Book" type="BookPublication"maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence>


</xsd:schema>

Derivando por extensão:

BookPublication estende a Publication

<xsd:complexType name="Publication"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:gYear"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:complexType name="BookPublication"> <xsd:complexContent> <xsd:extension base="Publication" > <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:extension> </xsd:complexContent></xsd:complexType>

O tipo Publication passa a ter 05 elementos!

Title

AuthorDate

Publication

ISBN

Publisher

BookPublication

<xsd:complexType name="Publication"><xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:gYear"/></xsd:sequence>

</xsd:complexType><xsd:complexType name= "SingleAuthorPublication">

<xsd:complexContent><xsd:restrictionbase="Publication"><xsd:sequence>

<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:gYear"/></xsd:sequence>

</xsd:restriction></xsd:complexContent>

</xsd:complexType>

Derivando por restrição:

Note que SingleAuthorPublication tem apenas três elementos e o elemento Author aparecerá apenas 1 vez!

<!ELEMENT BookStore (Book)+><!ELEMENT Book (Title, Author+, Date, ISBN, Publisher)>

<!ATTLIST Book Category (autobiography | non fiction | fiction) #REQUIRED-

InStock (true | false) "false"Reviewer CDATA " ">

<!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Date (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Month (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT Year (#PCDATA)>

BookStore.dtd

Declaração de Atributos

xsd:string

xsd:integerxsd:boolean...

required

optional

prohibited

Obs.:se for usar valor default, não usar a opção "use"

<xsd:simpleType><xsd:restriction base=" tipo simples" >

<xsd:facetvalue="valor”/>...

</xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>

</xsd:attribute>

2. <xsd:attribute name="nome" type="tipo simples" default/fixed="valor"/>

1.<xsd:attribute name="nome" type="tipo simples" use="forma de uso" default/fixed="valor"/>

Declaração de Atributos

<xsd:element name="BookStore"><xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Book" maxOccurs="unbounded">


<xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Publisher" type=" xsd:string"/>

</xsd:sequence><xsd:attributeGroup ref="BookAttributes"/>



</xsd:element><xsd:attributeGroup name="BookAttributes"> <xsd:attribute name="Category" use="required">

<xsd:simpleType><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="autobiography"/>

<xsd:enumeration value="non fiction"/><xsd:enumeration value="fiction"/></xsd:restriction>

</xsd:simpleType></xsd:attribute>

<xsd:attribute name="InStock" type="xsd:boolean" default ="false"/><xsd:attribute name="Reviewer" type="xsd:string" default =" "/>

</xsd:attributeGroup>

Category (autobiography | non fiction | fiction) #REQUIRED-

InStock (true | false) "false"Reviewer CDATA " "

<xsd:attribute name="Category" use="required">

<xsd:simpleType><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">

<xsd:enumeration value="autobiography"/>

<xsd:enumeration value="non

-

fiction"/>

<xsd:enumeration value="fiction"/>

</xsd:restriction>

</xsd:simpleType>

</xsd:attribute>

- Instâncias dos documentos têm que obrigatoriamente ter o atributo Categoria.

- Os atributos são sempre simples, ou seja, não podem ter elementos filhos.

<xsd:element name="Book" maxOccurs="unbounded"><xsd:complexType>

<xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Title" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Author" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>

<xsd:element name="Date" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/><xsd:element name="Publisher" type="xsd:string"/>

</xsd:sequence><xsd:attribute name="Category" use="required">

<xsd:simpleType><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">

<xsd:enumeration value="autobiography"/><xsd:enumeration value="non

-

fiction"/><xsd:enumeration value="fiction"/></xsd:restriction>

</xsd:simpleType></xsd:attribute>

<xsd:attribute name="InStock" type="xsd:boolean" default="false"/>

<xsd:attribute name="Reviewer" type="xsd:string" default=" "/>


Declarando o atributo no próprio elemento

elementcomplexType

schema

sequence

http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema

XMLSchema Namespace

string

integer

boolean


Indica que os elementos definidos por esse esquema: - BookStore - Book - Title - Author - Date - ISBN - Publisherestarão no namespacehttp://www.books.org

BookStore

BookTitle

Author

Date

ISBNPublisher

http://www.books.org (targetNamespace)

Book Namespace (targetNamespace)


Referência ao elemento Book, declarado no namespace padrão

O namespace padrão é http://www.books.org, que também é o targetNamespace

Tipos de dados primitivos• Primitive Datatypes

– string

– boolean

– decimal

– float

– double

– duration

– dateTime

– time

– date

– gYearMonth

– gYear

– gMonthDay

– gDay

– gMonth

– hexBinary

– base64Binary

– anyURI

– QName

– NOTATION

• Atomic, built-in

– "Hello World"

– {true, false, 1, 0}

– 7.08

– 12.56E3, 12, 12560, 0, -0, INF, -INF, NAN

– 12.56E3, 12, 12560, 0, -0, INF, -INF, NAN

– P1Y2M3DT10H30M12.3S

– format: CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss

– format: hh:mm:ss.sss

– format: CCYY-MM-DD

– format: CCYY-MM

– format: CCYY

– format: --MM-DD

– format: ---DD (note the 3 dashes)

– format: --MM--

– a hex string

– a base64 string

– http://www.xfront.com

– a namespace qualified name

– a NOTATION from the XML spec

Note: 'T' is the date/time separator INF = infinity NAN = not-a-number

• Derived types

– normalizedString

– token

– language

– IDREFS

– ENTITIES

– NMTOKEN

– NMTOKENS

– Name

– NCName

– ID

– IDREF

– ENTITY

– integer

– nonPositiveInteger

– negativeInteger

– long

– int

– short

– byte

– nonNegativeInteger

– unsignedLong

– unsignedInt

– unsignedShort

– unsignedByte

– positiveInteger

• Subtype of primitive datatype

– A string without tabs, line feeds, or carriage returns– String w/o tabs, l/f, leading/trailing spaces, consecutive spaces

– any valid xml:lang value, e.g., EN, FR, ...

– usado somente com atributos




– part (no namespace qualifier)




– 456

– infinito negativo a 0

– infinito negativo a -1

– -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807

– -2147483648 to 2147483647

– -32768 to 32767

– -127 to 128

– 0 to infinity

– 0 to 18446744073709551615

– 0 to 4294967295

– 0 to 65535

– 0 to 255

– 1 to infinity

Tip

os d

e da

dos

prim

itivo

s (c

ont.

)

<xsd:simpleType name= "name"> <xsd:restriction base= "xsd:source"> <xsd:facet value= "value"/> <xsd:facet value= "value"/> … </xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>

Facets: - length - minlength - maxlength - pattern - enumeration - totalDigits - minInclusive - maxInclusive - minExclusive - maxExclusive ...

Sources: - string - boolean - number - float - double - duration - dateTime - time ...

Forma geral para a especificação de valores de novos tipos

xml schema xml schema é um vocabulário xml para expressar regras de negócios (sobre os dados)

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