windows-server-2008- uma visão geral.pdf

8/12/2019 Windows-server-2008- Uma Viso Geral.pdf

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An Introduction to

Windows Server 2008

Server Manager

1-800-COURSES www.globalknowledge.com

Expert Reference Series of White Papers


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IntroductionWhen you take your first look at Windows Server 2008, you'll find that many of the traditional tools thatgraced Server 2003 are still around: the Computer Management console; the System Information utility; theServices console; and so forth. Administrative Tools are still in a Start menu folder named "AdministrativeTools," and you can start feeling fairly comfortable with the GUI if you have background with prior versionsof Windows.

If you have logged some flight time with Windows Vista, things will look even more familiar. Windows Server2008 has the look and feel of Windows Vista. (Which makes sense, when you consider that both products weredeveloped under the "Longhorn" moniker, and share many megabytes of code.) The new collapsible Startmenu, the Vista-style search facilities, as well as some of the tools (such as Windows Firewall with AdvancedSecurity) look just as they do in the Vista GUI.

Where things change a bit is in the Server Manager console (ServerManager.msc, typically underC:\Windows\System32), which is really the "nerve center" of Server 2008. Parts of this console are simply con-venient pointers to other administrative tools. However, the "Roles" and "Features" nodes may be unfamiliarto you. This white paper introduces the Server Manager console and will help you find your way around it, sothat you can get up to speed with Server 2008 more quickly than I did when I first started stumbling around

this massive console!

Version note: For this white paper, I installed Server 2008 Enterprise Edition, Beta 3 (build 6001), into a freshVirtual Machine running on Virtual PC 2007, with the Virtual Machine Additions. The host system was WindowsVista Ultimate.

What Is Server Manager?Server Manager is an administrative "cockpit" for managing virtually everything about a Windows 2008 Servermachine. It combines capabilities that were spread across several consoles in Windows 2003: Configure YourServer, Manage Your Server, the Windows Optional Components wizard of the Add/Remove Programs controlpanel, the Security Configuration Wizard, and so on. It is quite possible that many server admins will be able

to do almost everything they need to do from this one console. Of course, like other MMC consoles, you havethe flexibility to create your own customized version of this tool, but I'd recommend spending some significanttime with the "vanilla" Server Manager before you do so.

Note that Server Manager is not the same as the "Initial Configuration Tasks" console (ICT) that comes upautomatically the first time after you install Server 2008. You can use the ICT to assign an administrator pass-

Glenn Weadock, Global Knowledge Instructor & Developer, MCSE, MCT, A+

An Introduction to Windows Server

2008 Server Manager

Copyright 2007 Global Knowledge Training LLC. All rights reserved. Page 2


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word, configure your IP address, join a domain, set up Windows Updatein short, all the things you wouldnormally be prompted to do in an interactive install of Server 2003. You can also use ICT to add roles and fea-tures, but that process is better performed in Server Manager. When you've finished with ICT, click the littlecheckbox saying "do not show this window at logon" and it vanishes.

Or, if you prefer, you can ignore the ICT entirely, because everything it can do, Server Manager can do, too, as

you can see in Figure 1. (It's Microsoft softwarethere's usually more than one way to do the same thing.)The way to see this Server Manager overview is to click the topmost node in the navigation panethe onetitled "Server Manager" followed by the name of the computer. The overview is also a quick way to see whatroles and features are installed on the server.

Figure 1. The Server Manager overview duplicates ICT functionality.

What Are Roles?Rolesare the primary responsibilities that a server may hold. They are analogous to job titles in a company.You may have been introduced to this term if you ever used the Security Configuration Wizard (scw.exe) thatMicrosoft bundled with Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. SCW would go through your server, identify the



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Depending on your choices, the wizard's subsequent screens may provide informative text and links for addi-tional information in the help system (although most of these seem to be unavailable as of the Beta 3 release).

Note that some of the above roles have optional subordinate roles. Also, some roles give you a choice of which"role services" to install and activate. The Add Roles Wizard will prompt you to select role services if there arechoices to be made. For example, as shown in Figure 3, if you choose to add the Network Policy and Access

Services, you can select from various role services. This screen shows that you could choose to install the NetworkPolicy Server without installing the Routing service.

For another example, if you choose to install the File Services role, you can choose among various role services:DFS, File Server Resource Manager, Services for NFS,Windows Search Service, and Windows Server 2003 FileServices (FRS and the Indexing Service).

Once you've made your role services choices for each role that you've selected for installation, a summary

screen appears, and you can confirm your choices by clicking an Install button.The installation processes cantake some time, so this may be a good time to return some phone calls. When you return to Server Manager,your roles should be installedand you'll see that you can now check their related event logs and service sta-tus within the Server Manager as shown in Figure 4 (next page), where the navigation pane is set to displayinformation about the DNS Server role. You can also stop and restart the related system services here, as youcan see in the lower right portion of the figure.


Figure 3. Pick and choose from the services you need for a given role.


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Just because your server roles are installed and the services are running doesn't mean they will be configured.You'll need to access the specific administrative tools for each role in order to do that. For example, you couldnow go to your Start menu, choose Administrative Tools, and see that the DNS console has been added.Although you may have to close and re-open Server Manager to get them to show up, Microsoft has integrat-ed the role-specific consoles with Server Manager. Note in Figure 5 (next page) that the DNS console is nowavailable under the Roles node in the navigation pane. You can fire up the New Zone Wizard by right-clickingthe Forward Lookup Zones node and choosing New Zone, just as you would in the standalone DNS console.


Figure 4. Viewing events and service status for the DNS Server role.


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The only problem I found with this feature is, unfortunately, a big one: Server Manager's version of the DNSconsole won't let you connect to a different DNS server like the standalone version of the DNS console. Right-click the DNS icon in Server Manager's navigation pane, and the "Connect to DNS Server" option is absent. (Ihad a moment of hope when I thought that installing the Remote Server Administration Tools would magicallyremote-enable Server Manager, but it was not to be.) Nothing's perfect, but if Microsoft truly intends ServerManager to be a one-stop shop, the company will need to enable the tool for remote administration as well aslocal administration. Perhaps if enough of us send postcards to Steve Ballmer, our message will be heard.

Anyway, after the roles installation, you may be tempted to hunt for the Server 2008 version of the Server

2003 SP1 "Security Configuration Wizard" I mentioned earlier. This tool reduces the attack surface of a 2003box by disabling services and ports that don't seem to be needed by the discovered roles. With Longhorn,Microsoft claims that the role wizards are already designed for security. So although SCW is still there (see theServer Manager overview screen, open Server Summary, then open Security Information) for the purpose ofcreating a portable server security policy, there is less urgency to run SCW to tighten things down after a rolehas been installed. I haven't tested this contention yet, but if true, it will be a welcome change from the oldtradition of "install it first, secure it later."


Figure 5. The DNS console integrates with Server Manager.


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What Are Features?In the lingo of Server Manager, featuresare operating system components that cross role boundaries. If arole is analogous to a job title, a feature is analogous to a job skill. Some skills are useful no matter what yourrole is. For example:

A server that uses the BitLocker full volume encryption feature will be more secure, whether it performsthe role of a DNS server or that of a file server.

The Telnet Server feature will allow Server 2008 to host incoming telnet connections, whether the serverholds the role of a domain controller or that of a Web server.

The Remote Server Administration Tools feature lets you install administrative consoles even if the relat-ed service isn't running on your server. For example, if you want to administer DNS on a remote server, but youdon't want to install the DNS service on your local server, you could just install the DNS console by selecting itunder the RSAT feature.

As with roles, you install features via wizards launched from Server Manager. Generally, the installation of afeature is simpler and quicker than the installation of a role. A portion of the features you can add to Server2008 appears in Figure 6.


Figure 6. Just some of the "features" Server 2008 offers.


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Command Prompt InterfaceAs is Microsoft's habit these days, a command-line tool exists to provide some of Server Manager's functional-ity. The tool is servermanagercmd.exe, and here are a few of its major qualifiers:

-query (runs a discovery operation and reports what's installed and what's not, as well as providing the

"code names" of each role and subordinate role)-install (you can also specify required settings with setting)-remove-inputPath (processes an XML-formatted answer file)

Typing the command with the /? qualifier presents more detailed help text if you want to explore this tool fur-ther. Be forewarned, the syntax can get fairly complex.

Other GoodiesI'm about out of space, so I will just briefly mention that Server Manager also gives you convenient access tothe following tools and consoles, via the navigation pane:

Diagnostics Event Viewer

Services Reliability and Performance Monitor Device Manager Configuration Task Scheduler Windows Firewall with Advanced Security WMI Control Local Users and Groups Storage Windows Server Backup Disk Management


Figure 7. A query operation using servermanagercmd.


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ConclusionSpending time studying and learning the Server Manager console may be the quickest way to become familiarwith Windows Server 2008. Exploring the roles and features sections of this tool, especially, will acquaint youwith Server 2008's capabilities. Adding roles will help you understand which operating system services areavailable to support those roles. The online help is mighty sparse right now, but experimenting with this con-

sole (for example, in a Virtual PC "sandbox") should nevertheless help you wrap your brain around this hugenew operating system.

Learn MoreLearn more about how you can improve productivity, enhance efficiency, and sharpen your competitive edge.Check out the following Global Knowledge courses:Migrating to Server 2008Updating Your Active Directory Technology Skills to Windows Server 2008 (Beta 3)Updating Your Application Platform Technology Skills to Windows Server 2008 (Beta 3)Updating Your Network Infrastructure Technology Skills to Windows Server 2008 (Beta 3)

For more information or to register, visit www.globalknowledge.com or call 1-800-COURSES to speak with asales representative.

Our courses and enhanced, hands-on labs offer practical skills and tips that you can immediately put to use.Our expert instructors draw upon their experiences to help you understand key concepts and how to applythem to your specific work situation. Choose from our more than 700 courses, delivered through Classrooms,e-Learning, and On-site sessions, to meet your IT and management training needs.

About the AuthorGlenn Weadock is a longtime instructor for Global Knowledge and co-course-director with Mark Wilkins of the

seminars "Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft Windows Vista," "Migrating to Windows Vista," and"Deploying Group Policy." He also consults through his Colorado-based company Independent Software, Inc.and is the author of 18 computer books.


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